diff options
| author | Jeffrey H. Kingston <jeff@it.usyd.edu.au> | 2010-09-14 20:41:52 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Jeffrey H. Kingston <jeff@it.usyd.edu.au> | 2010-09-14 20:41:52 +0000 |
| commit | 66b683579143de15598c16695df72d1b224c2030 (patch) | |
| tree | 1dfc6d44e7517fb3e1fe838239daac263948bbf5 /doc | |
| parent | 3c59753b94d0425e7ddcc4b57b11dfb283d0c144 (diff) | |
| download | lout-66b683579143de15598c16695df72d1b224c2030.tar.gz | |
Lout 3.37.
git-svn-id: http://svn.savannah.nongnu.org/svn/lout/trunk@43 9365b830-b601-4143-9ba8-b4a8e2c3339c
Diffstat (limited to 'doc')
56 files changed, 11389 insertions, 6724 deletions
diff --git a/doc/design/README b/doc/design/README index 075fce6..0b0f6ce 100644 --- a/doc/design/README +++ b/doc/design/README @@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ messages (although changing the paper size might produce one or two benign ones). Jeffrey H. Kingston -27 July 2007 +19 September 2008 diff --git a/doc/design/outfile.ps b/doc/design/outfile.ps index 1be8302..958311b 100644 --- a/doc/design/outfile.ps +++ b/doc/design/outfile.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.36 (July 2007) -%%CreationDate: Fri Jul 27 08:29:48 2007 +%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.37 (September 2008) +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 19 08:43:20 2008 %%DocumentData: Binary %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) @@ -1582,15 +1582,24 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt2 2897 12401(The)m -3352(Design)s 4099(and)s 4540(Implementation)s 4239 11998(of)m 4511(the)s -2589 11595(Lout)m 3141(Document)s 4250(F)s 6(ormatting)k 5468(Language)s -240 fnt3 3630 11097(J)m 6(ef)k 4(fr)k 8(e)k 7(y)k +240 fnt2 2897 12401(The)m 3352(Design)s 4099(and)s 4540(Implementation)s +4239 11998(of)m 4511(the)s 2589 11595(Lout)m 3141(Document)s 4250(F)s 6(ormatting)k +5468(Language)s 240 fnt3 3630 11097(J)m 6(ef)k 4(fr)k 8(e)k 7(y)k 4310(H.)s 4577(Kingston)s 240 fnt1 2551 10596(Basser)m 3248(Department)s 4436(of)s 4707(Computer)s 5724(Science,)s 3007 10308(The)m 3435(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 4489(of)s 4760(Sydne)s 3(y)k 5530(2006,)s 4095 10020(Australia)m @@ -1611,7 +1620,11 @@ grestore 0 7168(possible)m 840(solutions.)s 240 fnt2 0 6664(K)m 6(eyw)k 2(ords)k 240 fnt1 1143 6665(document)m 2147(formatting)s 3208(typesetting)s grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -1621,6 +1634,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -1648,15 +1663,24 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt2 2897 12401(The)m -3352(Design)s 4099(and)s 4540(Implementation)s 4239 11998(of)m 4511(the)s -2589 11595(Lout)m 3141(Document)s 4250(F)s 6(ormatting)k 5468(Language)s -240 fnt3 3630 11097(J)m 6(ef)k 4(fr)k 8(e)k 7(y)k +240 fnt2 2897 12401(The)m 3352(Design)s 4099(and)s 4540(Implementation)s +4239 11998(of)m 4511(the)s 2589 11595(Lout)m 3141(Document)s 4250(F)s 6(ormatting)k +5468(Language)s 240 fnt3 3630 11097(J)m 6(ef)k 4(fr)k 8(e)k 7(y)k 4310(H.)s 4577(Kingston)s 240 fnt1 2551 10596(Basser)m 3248(Department)s 4436(of)s 4707(Computer)s 5724(Science,)s 3007 10308(The)m 3435(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 4489(of)s 4760(Sydne)s 3(y)k 5530(2006,)s 4095 10020(Australia)m @@ -1691,8 +1715,8 @@ grestore 0 6105(the)m 343(ele)s 3(g)k 1(ance)k 1225(of)s 1491(e)s 3(xpression)k 2562(found)s 3174(in)s 3411(programming)s 4761(languages)s 5763(lik)s 2(e)k 6170(Algol-)s 6783(60)s -7072(and)s 7471(P)s 3(ascal.)k 8236(This)s 8706(em)s -8998(-)s 0 5817(phasis)m 638(on)s 924(e)s 3(xpressi)k 6(v)k 3(eness)k +7072(and)s 7471(P)s 3(ascal.)k 8236(This)s 8706(em-)s +0 5817(phasis)m 638(on)s 924(e)s 3(xpressi)k 6(v)k 3(eness)k 2373(has)s 2731(produced)s 3669(an)s 3941(order)s 4493(of)s 4753(magnitude)s 5808(reduction)s 6757(in)s 6988(the)s 7325(cost)s 7759(of)s 8018(de)s 6(v)k 3(eloping)k 0 5529(document)m @@ -1715,18 +1739,17 @@ grestore 8442(a)s 8602(form)s 0 4003(accessible)m 1035(to)s 1286(non-)s 1714(e)s 3(xpert)k 2380(users.)s 3047(The)s 3487(features)s 4305(include)s 5076(rotation)s 5888(and)s 6304(scaling,)s 7100(fonts,)s -7697(paragraph)s 8722(and)s 0 3715(page)m 500(breaking,)s 1436(displays)s -2263(and)s 2659(lists,)s 3141(\210oating)s 3917(\207gures)s 4611(and)s -5007(tables,)s 5662(footnotes,)s 6651(chapters)s 7490(and)s 7886(sections)s -8698(\(au)s 8998(-)s 0 3427(tomatically)m 1128(numbered\),)s 2272(running)s -3070(page)s 3579(headers)s 4361(and)s 4765(footers,)s 5536(odd-)s -5964(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 6464(page)s 6973(layouts,)s -7772(automatically)s 0 3139(generated)m 975(tables)s 1570(of)s 1829(contents,)s -2720(sorted)s 3350(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es)k 4113(and)s -4505(reference)s 5435(lists,)s 5914(bibliographic)s 7229(and)s 7621(other)s -8159(databases)s 0 2851(\(including)m 1038(databases)s 2008(of)s 2281(formats)s -3064(for)s 3405(printing)s 4217(references\),)s 5386(equations,)s 6412(tables,)s -7079(diagrams,)s 8065(formatting)s 0 2563(of)m 271(P)s 3(ascal)k +7697(paragraph)s 8722(and)s 0 3715(page)m 500(breaking,)s 1435(displays)s +2262(and)s 2657(lists,)s 3139(\210oating)s 3915(\207gures)s 4608(and)s +5004(tables,)s 5659(footnotes,)s 6647(chapters)s 7486(and)s 7881(sections)s +8693(\(au-)s 0 3427(tomatically)m 1128(numbered\),)s 2272(running)s 3070(page)s +3579(headers)s 4361(and)s 4765(footers,)s 5536(odd-)s 5964(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +6464(page)s 6973(layouts,)s 7772(automatically)s 0 3139(generated)m 975(tables)s +1570(of)s 1829(contents,)s 2720(sorted)s 3350(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es)k +4113(and)s 4505(reference)s 5435(lists,)s 5914(bibliographic)s 7229(and)s +7621(other)s 8159(databases)s 0 2851(\(including)m 1038(databases)s 2008(of)s +2281(formats)s 3064(for)s 3405(printing)s 4217(references\),)s 5386(equations,)s +6412(tables,)s 7079(diagrams,)s 8065(formatting)s 0 2563(of)m 271(P)s 3(ascal)k 933(programs,)s 1943(and)s 2347(automatically)s 3701(maintained)s 4821(cross)s 5363(references.)s 480 2189(This)m 1015(paper)s 1666(charts)s 2347(the)s 2755(e)s 6(v)k 4(olution)k 3766(of)s 4097(Lout)s @@ -1753,7 +1776,10 @@ grestore 67 42(PostScript)m 900(is)s 1068(a)s 1201(trademark)s 2024(of)s 2240(Adobe)s 2796(Systems,)s 3519(Incorporated.)s grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -1763,6 +1789,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -1797,10 +1825,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5765 -1579(-)m 5893(2)s -6067(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5765 -1579(-)m 5893(2)s 6067(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13256(further)m 709(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ement.)k @@ -1814,15 +1848,15 @@ grestore 872(or)s 4(g)k 1(anize)k 1740(the)s 2082(lo)s 6(w-)k 2503(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 3006(operations,)s 4103(resulting)s 4986(in)s 5223(a)s 5383(more)s 5923(succinct)s 6760(e)s 3(xpression)k -7831(of)s 8096(their)s 8586(com)s 8998(-)s 0 11411(mon)m -475(combinations)s 1806(at)s 2030(the)s 2369(cost)s 2805(of)s -3068(some)s 3620(loss)s 4034(of)s 4297(detailed)s 5102(control.)s -5934(The)s 6354(early)s 6876(part)s 7298(of)s 7561(the)s -7900(Lout)s 8403(project)s 0 11123(w)m 2(as)k 426(spent)s -996(in)s 1245(the)s 1598(de)s 6(v)k 3(elopment)k -2891(of)s 3167(such)s 3668(an)s 3957(abstraction)s 5067(for)s -5411(the)s 5764(b)s 4(uilding)k 6616(blocks)s 7298(of)s -7574(documents,)s 8724(one)s 0 10835(which)m 635(could)s 1217(e)s 3(xplain,)k +7831(of)s 8096(their)s 8586(com-)s 0 11411(mon)m 475(combinations)s +1806(at)s 2030(the)s 2369(cost)s 2805(of)s 3068(some)s +3620(loss)s 4034(of)s 4297(detailed)s 5102(control.)s 5934(The)s +6354(early)s 6876(part)s 7298(of)s 7561(the)s 7900(Lout)s +8403(project)s 0 11123(w)m 2(as)k 426(spent)s 996(in)s +1245(the)s 1598(de)s 6(v)k 3(elopment)k 2891(of)s +3167(such)s 3668(an)s 3957(abstraction)s 5067(for)s 5411(the)s +5764(b)s 4(uilding)k 6616(blocks)s 7298(of)s 7574(documents,)s +8724(one)s 0 10835(which)m 635(could)s 1217(e)s 3(xplain,)k 2017(not)s 2375(just)s 2772(the)s 3113(simple)s 3798(phenomena)s 4954(of)s 5217(w)s 2(ords,)k 5899(lines,)s 6450(and)s 6846(paragraphs,)s 7994(b)s 4(ut)k 8348(also)s 8778(the)s @@ -1872,15 +1906,15 @@ grestore 7442(This)s 7950(approach)s 8916(is)s 0 5017(common)m 905(in)s 1158(algebra)s 1931(and)s 2345(programming)s 3710(languages,)s 4785(where)s 5435(its)s 5721(simplicity)s 6740(and)s 7154(e)s 3(xpressi)k 6(v)k 3(eness)k -8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 4729(long)m 478(been)s -986(appreciated;)s 2198(b)s 4(ut)k 2559(Eqn)s 3001(w)s 2(as)k -3421(the)s 3768(\207rst)s 4198(language)s 5117(to)s 5355(demonstrate)s -6578(its)s 6853(utility)s 7476(in)s 7718(document)s 8720(for)s -8998(-)s 0 4441(matting.)m 480 4067(Each)m 1015(e)s 3(xpression)k -2092(is)s 2302(treated)s 3009(by)s 3304(Eqn)s 3747(as)s -3997(a)s 4163(rectangle)s 5094(with)s 5577(a)s 240 fnt3 -5743 4069(horizontal)m 6787(axis)s 240 fnt1 7167 4067(,)m 7274(used)s -7771(for)s 8110(alignment)s 0 3779(with)m 482(adjacent)s 1338(e)s 3(xpressions:)k +8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 4729(long)m 479(been)s +987(appreciated;)s 2199(b)s 4(ut)k 2560(Eqn)s 3002(w)s 2(as)k +3423(the)s 3770(\207rst)s 4200(language)s 5119(to)s 5357(demonstrate)s +6581(its)s 6856(utility)s 7479(in)s 7721(document)s 8724(for)s 4(-)k +0 4441(matting.)m 480 4067(Each)m 1015(e)s 3(xpression)k 2092(is)s +2302(treated)s 3009(by)s 3304(Eqn)s 3747(as)s 3997(a)s +4163(rectangle)s 5094(with)s 5577(a)s 240 fnt3 5743 4069(horizontal)m +6787(axis)s 240 fnt1 7167 4067(,)m 7274(used)s 7771(for)s +8110(alignment)s 0 3779(with)m 482(adjacent)s 1338(e)s 3(xpressions:)k 552 517 0 288 240 288 60 480 2922 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore @@ -1917,12 +1951,11 @@ grestore 425(size)s 848(and)s 1248(rendering)s 2213(of)s 2481(the)s 2825(e)s 3(xpression)k 3898(on)s 4191(the)s 4536(printed)s 5267(page)s 5771(are)s 6114(kno)s 6(wn)k 6815(only)s -7291(to)s 7526(the)s 7870(implementa)s 8998(-)s 0 2183(tion,)m -481(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 1066(e)s 3(xplicitly)k -2022(calculated)s 3051(or)s 3313(accessed)s 4209(by)s 4506(the)s -4857(user)s 13(.)k 5409(This)s 5888(prohibition)s 7010(is)s -7223(crucial)s 7930(to)s 8172(the)s 8523(main)s 8998(-)s -0 1895(tenance)m 785(of)s 1055(the)s 1402(conte)s 3(xt-)k +7291(to)s 7526(the)s 7870(implementa-)s 0 2183(tion,)m 481(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k +1066(e)s 3(xplicitly)k 2021(calculated)s 3050(or)s 3312(accessed)s +4208(by)s 4505(the)s 4855(user)s 13(.)k 5407(This)s +5886(prohibition)s 7008(is)s 7221(crucial)s 7927(to)s 8169(the)s +8520(main-)s 0 1895(tenance)m 785(of)s 1055(the)s 1402(conte)s 3(xt-)k 2171(free)s 2596(property)s 3459(in)s 3701(practice.)s 4619(In)s 4874(Lout,)s 5432(for)s 5769(e)s 3(xample,)k 6682(equations,)s 7705(\207gures,)s 8462(tables,)s 0 1607(and)m 393(arbitrary)s 1256(objects)s @@ -1949,6 +1982,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -1983,13 +2018,20 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5770 -1579(-)m 5898(3)s -6062(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5770 -1579(-)m 5898(3)s 6062(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(a)m 166(rectangle:)s 1701 453 567 198 240 288 60 480 12460 LoutGr2 +0 13253(a)m 166(rectangle:)s +1701 453 567 198 240 288 60 480 12460 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1701 453 567 198 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 @@ -2017,15 +2059,15 @@ end end restore grestore end end restore grestore -0 12007(The)m 442(horizontal)s -1481(axis,)s 1987(called)s 2630(a)s 240 fnt3 2810 12009(r)m 10(ow)k -3244(mark)s 240 fnt1 3814 12007(in)m 4072(Lout,)s 4645(has)s -5030(a)s 5210(v)s 3(ertical)k 5992(analogue)s 6926(called)s -7569(a)s 240 fnt3 7749 12009(column)m 8523(mark)s 240 fnt1 -9019 12007(,)m 0 11719(creating)m 822(a)s 988(v)s 6(aluable)k -1848(symmetry)s 2857(between)s 3711(horizontal)s 4735(and)s 5139(v)s 3(ertical.)k -6014(Multiple)s 6893(column)s 7668(and)s 8072(ro)s 6(w)k -8491(marks)s 0 11431(are)m 347(permitted:)s 1984 1189 0 1189 240 288 60 480 9902 LoutGr2 +0 12007(The)m 442(horizontal)s 1481(axis,)s 1987(called)s 2630(a)s +240 fnt3 2810 12009(r)m 10(ow)k 3244(mark)s 240 fnt1 +3814 12007(in)m 4072(Lout,)s 4645(has)s 5030(a)s 5210(v)s 3(ertical)k +5992(analogue)s 6926(called)s 7569(a)s 240 fnt3 7749 12009(column)m +8523(mark)s 240 fnt1 9019 12007(,)m 0 11719(creating)m 822(a)s +988(v)s 6(aluable)k 1848(symmetry)s 2857(between)s 3711(horizontal)s +4735(and)s 5139(v)s 3(ertical.)k 6014(Multiple)s 6893(column)s +7668(and)s 8072(ro)s 6(w)k 8491(marks)s 0 11431(are)m +347(permitted:)s 1984 1189 0 1189 240 288 60 480 9902 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 680 453 0 453 240 288 60 0 736 LoutGr2 @@ -2118,25 +2160,25 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 9451(so)m 266(that)s -684(objects)s 1412(are)s 1759(able)s 2213(to)s 2452(represent)s -3387(tables.)s 480 9077(This)m 946(abstraction)s 2041(has)s 2401(some)s -2952(limitations,)s 4069(the)s 4407(most)s 4922(ob)s 3(vious)k -5719(being)s 6293(the)s 6631(restriction)s 7645(of)s 7906(size)s -8322(calcula)s 8998(-)s 0 8789(tions)m 507(to)s 736(rectangular)s -1860(bounding)s 2809(box)s 3(es.)k 3519(Non-)s 4000(rectangular)s -5124(and)s 5518(disconnected)s 6815(shapes)s 7494(arise)s 7990(naturally)s -8883(in)s 0 8501(\207gures)m 704(and)s 1111(in)s 1356(the)s -1707(characters)s 2727(of)s 3001(fonts;)s 3594(the)s 3944(e)s 3(xtension)k -4918(to)s 5159(them)s 5700(is)s 5912(conceptually)s 7191(straightforw)s 2(ard)k -8722(and)s 0 8213(might)m 615(help)s 1076(to)s 1311(e)s 3(xplain)k -2066(some)s 2623(\207ne)s 3034(points)s 3667(of)s 3934(layout)s -4588(such)s 5081(as)s 5327(k)s 2(erning.)k 6216(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k -7173(there)s 7702(are)s 8045(implemen)s 8998(-)s 0 7925(tation)m -599(and)s 1001(language)s 1918(design)s 2598(problems,)s 3592(particularly)s -4744(when)s 5317(\207lling)s 5939(non-)s 6367(rectangular)s 7498(shapes)s -8185(with)s 8664(te)s 3(xt,)k 0 7637(and)m 404(so)s -670(the)s 1018(author)s 1689(chose)s 2290(to)s 2529(k)s 2(eep)k +0 9451(so)m 266(that)s 684(objects)s 1412(are)s +1759(able)s 2213(to)s 2452(represent)s 3387(tables.)s 480 9077(This)m +946(abstraction)s 2041(has)s 2401(some)s 2952(limitations,)s 4069(the)s +4407(most)s 4922(ob)s 3(vious)k 5719(being)s 6293(the)s +6631(restriction)s 7645(of)s 7906(size)s 8322(calcula-)s 0 8789(tions)m +507(to)s 736(rectangular)s 1860(bounding)s 2809(box)s 3(es.)k +3519(Non-)s 4000(rectangular)s 5124(and)s 5518(disconnected)s 6815(shapes)s +7494(arise)s 7990(naturally)s 8883(in)s 0 8501(\207gures)m 704(and)s +1111(in)s 1356(the)s 1707(characters)s 2727(of)s 3001(fonts;)s +3594(the)s 3944(e)s 3(xtension)k 4918(to)s 5159(them)s +5700(is)s 5912(conceptually)s 7191(straightforw)s 2(ard)k 8722(and)s +0 8213(might)m 615(help)s 1076(to)s 1311(e)s 3(xplain)k +2065(some)s 2622(\207ne)s 3033(points)s 3665(of)s 3933(layout)s +4587(such)s 5079(as)s 5325(k)s 2(erning.)k 6214(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +7170(there)s 7699(are)s 8042(implemen-)s 0 7925(tation)m 599(and)s +1001(language)s 1918(design)s 2598(problems,)s 3592(particularly)s 4744(when)s +5317(\207lling)s 5939(non-)s 6367(rectangular)s 7498(shapes)s 8185(with)s +8664(te)s 3(xt,)k 0 7637(and)m 404(so)s 670(the)s +1018(author)s 1689(chose)s 2290(to)s 2529(k)s 2(eep)k 3032(to)s 3271(Eqn')s 13(s)k 3867(rectangles.)s 480 7263(A)m 766(more)s 1370(fundamental)s 2676(limitation)s 3718(of)s 4045(the)s 4450(object)s 5151(abstraction)s 6312(arises)s 6963(from)s 7543(the)s @@ -2158,32 +2200,32 @@ grestore 0 5224(2.2.)m 471(Grammatical)s 1893(and)s 2334(lexical)s 3039(structur)s 4(e)k [ /Dest /LOUTlexical /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 4792(If)m 700(objects)s 1418(are)s 1755(to)s -1984(be)s 2256(constructed)s 3406(lik)s 2(e)k 3807(mathematical)s -5138(e)s 3(xpressions,)k 6348(the)s 6686(natural)s 7394(notation)s -8225(is)s 8425(a)s 8580(func)s 8998(-)s 0 4504(tional)m -599(language)s 1519(based)s 2122(on)s 2419(operators,)s 3415(as)s -3665(in)s 3908(Eqn.)s 4458(The)s 4886(grammar)s 5808(of)s -6079(Lout)s 6591(objects)s 7319(is)s 7529(accordingly)s 240 fnt4 -1332 3945(\256)m 1332 3612(\256)m 1332 3279(\256)m 1332 2995(\256)m 1332 2662(\256)m -1332 2368(\256)m 1332 2035(\256)m 1332 1751(\256)m 240 fnt3 480 3953(object)m -1826(object)s 2498(in\207xop)s 3227(object)s 1826 3620(pr)m 8(e\207xop)k -2680(object)s 1826 3287(object)m 2498(post\207xop)s 1826 3003(nopar)m 2(sop)k -1826 2670(liter)m 3(alwor)k 8(d)k 220 fnt5 1826 2371({)m -240 fnt3 1974 2376(object)m 220 fnt5 2646 2371(})m 240 fnt3 -1826 2043(object)m 2498(object)s 240 fnt1 0 1248(where)m 240 fnt3 -640 1250(in\207xop)m 240 fnt1 1285 1248(,)m 240 fnt3 1391 1250(pr)m 8(e\207xop)k -240 fnt1 2161 1248(,)m 240 fnt3 2267 1250(post\207xop)m 240 fnt1 -3125 1248(,)m 3232(and)s 240 fnt3 3635 1250(nopar)m 2(sop)k -240 fnt1 4591 1248(are)m 4938(identi\207ers)s 5943(naming)s 6713(operators)s -7653(which)s 8294(tak)s 2(e)k 8745(0,)s 8971(1)s -0 960(or)m 255(2)s 424(parameters,)s 1573(as)s 1819(sho)s 6(wn,)k -2541(and)s 240 fnt3 2940 962(liter)m 3(alwor)k 8(d)k -240 fnt1 4067 960(is)m 4272(a)s 4433(sequence)s 5362(of)s -5628(non-space)s 6649(characters,)s 7719(or)s 7973(an)s 8251(arbitrary)s -0 672(sequence)m 969(of)s 1276(characters)s 2330(enclosed)s 3262(in)s -3541(double)s 4285(quotes.)s 5110(Ambiguities)s 6380(are)s 6763(resolv)s 3(ed)k -7664(by)s 7995(precedence)s 0 384(and)m 404(associati)s 6(vity)k 15(.)k +240 fnt1 480 4792(If)m 700(objects)s 1417(are)s 1754(to)s +1982(be)s 2253(constructed)s 3403(lik)s 2(e)k 3804(mathematical)s +5134(e)s 3(xpressions,)k 6344(the)s 6681(natural)s 7388(notation)s +8219(is)s 8418(a)s 8573(func-)s 0 4504(tional)m 599(language)s +1519(based)s 2122(on)s 2419(operators,)s 3415(as)s 3665(in)s +3908(Eqn.)s 4458(The)s 4886(grammar)s 5808(of)s 6079(Lout)s +6591(objects)s 7319(is)s 7529(accordingly)s 240 fnt4 1332 3945(\256)m +1332 3612(\256)m 1332 3279(\256)m 1332 2995(\256)m 1332 2662(\256)m 1332 2368(\256)m +1332 2035(\256)m 1332 1751(\256)m 240 fnt3 480 3953(object)m 1826(object)s +2498(in\207xop)s 3227(object)s 1826 3620(pr)m 8(e\207xop)k 2680(object)s +1826 3287(object)m 2498(post\207xop)s 1826 3003(nopar)m 2(sop)k 1826 2670(liter)m 3(alwor)k 8(d)k +220 fnt5 1826 2371({)m 240 fnt3 1974 2376(object)m 220 fnt5 +2646 2371(})m 240 fnt3 1826 2043(object)m 2498(object)s 240 fnt1 +0 1248(where)m 240 fnt3 640 1250(in\207xop)m 240 fnt1 1285 1248(,)m +240 fnt3 1391 1250(pr)m 8(e\207xop)k 240 fnt1 2161 1248(,)m +240 fnt3 2267 1250(post\207xop)m 240 fnt1 3125 1248(,)m 3232(and)s +240 fnt3 3635 1250(nopar)m 2(sop)k 240 fnt1 4591 1248(are)m +4938(identi\207ers)s 5943(naming)s 6713(operators)s 7653(which)s 8294(tak)s 2(e)k +8745(0,)s 8971(1)s 0 960(or)m 255(2)s 424(parameters,)s +1573(as)s 1819(sho)s 6(wn,)k 2541(and)s 240 fnt3 +2940 962(liter)m 3(alwor)k 8(d)k 240 fnt1 4067 960(is)m +4272(a)s 4433(sequence)s 5362(of)s 5628(non-space)s 6649(characters,)s +7719(or)s 7973(an)s 8251(arbitrary)s 0 672(sequence)m 969(of)s +1276(characters)s 2330(enclosed)s 3262(in)s 3541(double)s 4285(quotes.)s +5110(Ambiguities)s 6380(are)s 6763(resolv)s 3(ed)k 7664(by)s +7995(precedence)s 0 384(and)m 404(associati)s 6(vity)k 15(.)k grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 @@ -2196,6 +2238,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2227,26 +2271,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5765 -1579(-)m 5893(4)s -6067(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5765 -1579(-)m 5893(4)s 6067(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13256(The)m 941(last)s 1366(production)s 2494(allo)s 6(ws)k -3197(a)s 3397(meaning)s 4307(for)s 4679(e)s 3(xpressions)k -5877(such)s 6407(as)s 220 fnt5 6691 13253({})m 240 fnt1 -6828 13256(,)m 6968(in)s 7245(which)s 7921(an)s 8238(object)s -8916(is)s 0 12968(missing.)m 907(The)s 1333(v)s 6(alue)k -1899(of)s 2168(this)s 240 fnt3 2562 12970(empty)m 3187(object)s -240 fnt1 3833 12968(is)m 4041(a)s 4205(rectangle)s 5135(of)s -5404(size)s 5829(0)s 6002(by)s 6294(0,)s 6519(with)s -6999(one)s 7399(column)s 8172(mark)s 8722(and)s 0 12680(one)m -402(ro)s 6(w)k 822(mark,)s 1420(that)s 1838(prints)s -2433(as)s 2683(nothing.)s 480 12306(The)m 938(second-last)s 2103(production)s -3227(generates)s 4210(sequences)s 5261(of)s 5562(arbitrary)s 6467(objects)s -7225(separated)s 8215(by)s 8539(white)s 0 12018(space,)m 671(called)s -240 fnt3 1333 12020(par)m 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k +480 13256(The)m 941(last)s +1366(production)s 2494(allo)s 6(ws)k 3197(a)s 3397(meaning)s +4307(for)s 4679(e)s 3(xpressions)k 5877(such)s 6407(as)s +220 fnt5 6691 13253({})m 240 fnt1 6828 13256(,)m 6968(in)s +7245(which)s 7921(an)s 8238(object)s 8916(is)s 0 12968(missing.)m +907(The)s 1333(v)s 6(alue)k 1899(of)s 2168(this)s +240 fnt3 2562 12970(empty)m 3187(object)s 240 fnt1 3833 12968(is)m +4041(a)s 4205(rectangle)s 5135(of)s 5404(size)s 5829(0)s +6002(by)s 6294(0,)s 6519(with)s 6999(one)s 7399(column)s +8172(mark)s 8722(and)s 0 12680(one)m 402(ro)s 6(w)k +822(mark,)s 1420(that)s 1838(prints)s 2433(as)s 2683(nothing.)s +480 12306(The)m 938(second-last)s 2103(production)s 3227(generates)s 4210(sequences)s +5261(of)s 5562(arbitrary)s 6467(objects)s 7225(separated)s 8215(by)s +8539(white)s 0 12018(space,)m 671(called)s 240 fnt3 1333 12020(par)m 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k 240 fnt1 2439 12018(.)m 2636(Ignoring)s 3547(paragraph)s 4593(breaking)s 5517(for)s 5888(no)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 6421(the)s 6802(natural)s 7554(meaning)s 8464(is)s 8708(that)s 0 11730(the)m @@ -2374,6 +2424,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2405,48 +2457,54 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5769 -1582(-)m 5897(5)s -6063(-)s 9066 13413 0 13413 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5769 -1582(-)m 5897(5)s 6063(-)s 9066 13413 0 13413 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt3 266 13217(object)m 220 fnt5 974 13212(/)m -240 fnt3 1038 13217(gap)m 1511(object)s 240 fnt1 3816 13215(V)m 26(ertical)k -4613(concatenation)s 5998(with)s 6480(mark)s 7032(alignment)s 240 fnt3 -266 12929(object)m 220 fnt5 974 12924(//)m 240 fnt3 1099 12929(gap)m -1572(object)s 240 fnt1 3816 12927(V)m 26(ertical)k 4613(concatenation)s -5998(with)s 6480(left)s 6857(justi\207cation)s 240 fnt3 266 12641(object)m -220 fnt5 974 12636(|)m 240 fnt3 1011 12641(gap)m 1484(object)s -240 fnt1 3816 12639(Horizontal)m 4893(concatenation)s 6278(with)s 6760(mark)s -7312(alignment)s 240 fnt3 266 12353(object)m 220 fnt5 974 12348(||)m -240 fnt3 1068 12353(gap)m 1541(object)s 240 fnt1 3816 12351(Horizontal)m -4893(concatenation)s 6278(with)s 6760(top-justi\207cation)s 240 fnt3 266 12065(object)m -220 fnt5 974 12060(&)m 240 fnt3 1116 12065(gap)m 1589(object)s -240 fnt1 3816 12063(Horizontal)m 4893(concatenation)s 6278(within)s 6946(paragraphs)s -220 fnt5 266 11772(@OneCol)m 240 fnt3 1338 11777(object)m 240 fnt1 -3816 11775(Hide)m 4337(all)s 4630(b)s 4(ut)k 4992(one)s -5394(column)s 6169(mark)s 6721(of)s 240 fnt3 6992 11777(object)m -220 fnt5 266 11484(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt3 1457 11489(object)m -240 fnt1 3816 11487(Hide)m 4337(all)s 4630(b)s 4(ut)k -4992(one)s 5394(ro)s 6(w)k 5814(mark)s 6366(of)s -240 fnt3 6637 11489(object)m 266 11201(font)m 220 fnt5 762 11196(@F)m 6(ont)k -240 fnt3 1534 11201(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 11199(Render)m 240 fnt3 -4567 11201(object)m 240 fnt1 5215 11199(in)m 5458(nominated)s 6526(font)s -240 fnt3 266 10913(br)m 8(eakstyle)k 220 fnt5 1353 10908(@Break)m -240 fnt3 2269 10913(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 10911(Break)m 4448(paragraphs)s -5548(of)s 240 fnt3 5819 10913(object)m 240 fnt1 6467 10911(in)m -6710(nominated)s 7778(style)s 240 fnt3 266 10625(spacestyle)m 220 fnt5 -1361 10620(@Space)m 240 fnt3 2318 10625(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 10623(Render)m -4567(spaces)s 5242(between)s 6096(w)s 2(ords)k 6730(in)s -6973(nominated)s 8041(style)s 240 fnt3 266 10337(length)m 220 fnt5 -979 10332(@Wide)m 240 fnt3 1813 10337(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 10335(Render)m -240 fnt3 4567 10337(object)m 240 fnt1 5215 10335(to)m 5454(width)s -240 fnt3 6056 10337(length)m 266 10049(length)m 220 fnt5 979 10044(@High)m -240 fnt3 1758 10049(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 10047(Render)m 240 fnt3 -4567 10049(object)m 240 fnt1 5215 10047(to)m 5454(height)s 240 fnt3 -6112 10049(length)m 220 fnt5 266 9756(@HExpand)m 240 fnt3 1499 9761(object)m -240 fnt1 3816 9759(Expand)m 4606(horizontal)s 5630(g)s 1(aps)k +240 fnt3 266 13217(object)m +220 fnt5 974 13212(/)m 240 fnt3 1038 13217(gap)m 1511(object)s +240 fnt1 3816 13215(V)m 26(ertical)k 4613(concatenation)s 5998(with)s +6480(mark)s 7032(alignment)s 240 fnt3 266 12929(object)m 220 fnt5 +974 12924(//)m 240 fnt3 1099 12929(gap)m 1572(object)s 240 fnt1 +3816 12927(V)m 26(ertical)k 4613(concatenation)s 5998(with)s 6480(left)s +6857(justi\207cation)s 240 fnt3 266 12641(object)m 220 fnt5 974 12636(|)m +240 fnt3 1011 12641(gap)m 1484(object)s 240 fnt1 3816 12639(Horizontal)m +4893(concatenation)s 6278(with)s 6760(mark)s 7312(alignment)s 240 fnt3 +266 12353(object)m 220 fnt5 974 12348(||)m 240 fnt3 1068 12353(gap)m +1541(object)s 240 fnt1 3816 12351(Horizontal)m 4893(concatenation)s 6278(with)s +6760(top-justi\207cation)s 240 fnt3 266 12065(object)m 220 fnt5 974 12060(&)m +240 fnt3 1116 12065(gap)m 1589(object)s 240 fnt1 3816 12063(Horizontal)m +4893(concatenation)s 6278(within)s 6946(paragraphs)s 220 fnt5 266 11772(@OneCol)m +240 fnt3 1338 11777(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 11775(Hide)m 4337(all)s +4630(b)s 4(ut)k 4992(one)s 5394(column)s 6169(mark)s +6721(of)s 240 fnt3 6992 11777(object)m 220 fnt5 266 11484(@OneRo)m 3(w)k +240 fnt3 1457 11489(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 11487(Hide)m 4337(all)s +4630(b)s 4(ut)k 4992(one)s 5394(ro)s 6(w)k +5814(mark)s 6366(of)s 240 fnt3 6637 11489(object)m 266 11201(font)m +220 fnt5 762 11196(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt3 1534 11201(object)m +240 fnt1 3816 11199(Render)m 240 fnt3 4567 11201(object)m 240 fnt1 +5215 11199(in)m 5458(nominated)s 6526(font)s 240 fnt3 266 10913(br)m 8(eakstyle)k +220 fnt5 1353 10908(@Break)m 240 fnt3 2269 10913(object)m 240 fnt1 +3816 10911(Break)m 4448(paragraphs)s 5548(of)s 240 fnt3 5819 10913(object)m +240 fnt1 6467 10911(in)m 6710(nominated)s 7778(style)s 240 fnt3 +266 10625(spacestyle)m 220 fnt5 1361 10620(@Space)m 240 fnt3 2318 10625(object)m +240 fnt1 3816 10623(Render)m 4567(spaces)s 5242(between)s 6096(w)s 2(ords)k +6730(in)s 6973(nominated)s 8041(style)s 240 fnt3 266 10337(length)m +220 fnt5 979 10332(@Wide)m 240 fnt3 1813 10337(object)m 240 fnt1 +3816 10335(Render)m 240 fnt3 4567 10337(object)m 240 fnt1 5215 10335(to)m +5454(width)s 240 fnt3 6056 10337(length)m 266 10049(length)m 220 fnt5 +979 10044(@High)m 240 fnt3 1758 10049(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 10047(Render)m +240 fnt3 4567 10049(object)m 240 fnt1 5215 10047(to)m 5454(height)s +240 fnt3 6112 10049(length)m 220 fnt5 266 9756(@HExpand)m 240 fnt3 +1499 9761(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 9759(Expand)m 4606(horizontal)s 5630(g)s 1(aps)k 6119(to)s 6358(\207ll)s 6678(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 7586(space)s 220 fnt5 266 9468(@VExpand)m 240 fnt3 1487 9473(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 9471(Expand)m 4606(v)s 3(ertical)k 5373(g)s 1(aps)k @@ -2591,6 +2649,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2618,13 +2678,20 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5765 -1581(-)m 5893(6)s -6066(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5765 -1581(-)m 5893(6)s 6066(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(produces)m 915(the)s 1263(object)s 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 480 12746 LoutGr2 +0 13251(produces)m 915(the)s +1263(object)s 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 480 12746 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 @@ -2641,8 +2708,7 @@ grestore xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -0 2(Australia)m - +0 2(Australia)m grestore grestore @@ -2671,16 +2737,17 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 11986(with)m 482(column)s 1257(marks)s 1892(mer)s 4(ged)k -2663(and)s 3067(a)s 3233(0.1)s 3568(inch)s 4037(g)s 1(ap.)k -480 11612(Consider)m 1404(no)s 6(w)k 1865(what)s 2390(happens)s -3226(when)s 3802(horizontal)s 4826(and)s 5230(v)s 3(ertical)k -5997(are)s 6344(combined:)s 220 fnt5 1000 11111({)m 1186(USA)s -2442(|0.2i)s 2958(A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 3919(})s -480 10823(/0.1i)m 1000({)s 1186(W)s 8(ashington)k 2442(|)s -2958(Canberr)s 2(a)k 3987(})s 240 fnt1 0 10324(The)m -445(tw)s 2(o)k 872(parameters)s 1987(of)s 220 fnt5 -2275 10321(/)m 240 fnt1 2416 10324(no)m 6(w)k 2895(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +0 11986(with)m 482(column)s +1257(marks)s 1892(mer)s 4(ged)k 2663(and)s 3067(a)s +3233(0.1)s 3568(inch)s 4037(g)s 1(ap.)k 480 11612(Consider)m +1404(no)s 6(w)k 1865(what)s 2390(happens)s 3226(when)s +3802(horizontal)s 4826(and)s 5230(v)s 3(ertical)k 5997(are)s +6344(combined:)s 220 fnt5 1000 11111({)m 1186(USA)s 2442(|0.2i)s +2958(A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 3919(})s 480 10823(/0.1i)m +1000({)s 1186(W)s 8(ashington)k 2442(|)s 2958(Canberr)s 2(a)k +3987(})s 240 fnt1 0 10324(The)m 445(tw)s 2(o)k +872(parameters)s 1987(of)s 220 fnt5 2275 10321(/)m 240 fnt1 +2416 10324(no)m 6(w)k 2895(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3413(tw)s 2(o)k 3840(column)s 4632(marks)s 5284(each,)s 5846(and)s 6268(the)s 3(y)k 6748(will)s 7191(be)s 7490(mer)s 4(ged)k 8278(with)s 8778(the)s 0 10036(corresponding)m @@ -2912,6 +2979,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2946,19 +3015,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5768 -1575(-)m 5896(7)s -6064(-)s 9066 13422 0 13422 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5768 -1575(-)m 5896(7)s 6064(-)s 9066 13422 0 13422 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore 6693 8221 0 8221 240 288 60 1186 5201 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore -0 7447(Edge-to-edge)m 220 fnt5 1786 7444(|)m 240 fnt3 -1843 7449(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 7444(e)m 240 fnt1 0 6238(Hyphenation)m -220 fnt5 1786 6235(|)m 240 fnt3 1843 6240(length)m 220 fnt5 -2456 6235(h)m 240 fnt1 0 5029(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k +0 7447(Edge-to-edge)m 220 fnt5 +1786 7444(|)m 240 fnt3 1843 7449(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 7444(e)m +240 fnt1 0 6238(Hyphenation)m 220 fnt5 1786 6235(|)m 240 fnt3 +1843 6240(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 6235(h)m 240 fnt1 0 5029(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k 220 fnt5 1786 5026(|)m 240 fnt3 1843 5031(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 5026(o)m 240 fnt1 0 3820(Mark-to-mark)m 220 fnt5 1786 3817(|)m 240 fnt3 1843 3822(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 3817(x)m 240 fnt1 @@ -4060,6 +4135,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4094,18 +4171,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5768 -1579(-)m 5896(8)s -6063(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5768 -1579(-)m 5896(8)s 6063(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(sho)m 6(wing)k 883(that)s 1325(spanning)s -2267(columns)s 3153(in)s 3420(tables)s 4052(moti)s 6(v)k 6(ate)k -4956(the)s 5328(inclusion)s 6286(of)s 6581(this)s 7001(operator)s 13(.)k -7972(There)s 8609(is)s 8843(an)s 0 12965(analogous)m 220 fnt5 -1029 12962(||)m 240 fnt1 1191 12965(operator)m 13(.)k 2145(The)s -2581(author)s 3259(w)s 2(ould)k 3922(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +0 13253(sho)m 6(wing)k +883(that)s 1325(spanning)s 2267(columns)s 3153(in)s 3420(tables)s +4052(moti)s 6(v)k 6(ate)k 4956(the)s 5328(inclusion)s +6286(of)s 6581(this)s 7001(operator)s 13(.)k 7972(There)s +8609(is)s 8843(an)s 0 12965(analogous)m 220 fnt5 1029 12962(||)m +240 fnt1 1191 12965(operator)m 13(.)k 2145(The)s 2581(author)s +3259(w)s 2(ould)k 3922(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4430(preferred)s 5370(to)s 5616(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6177(out)s 6550(these)s 7105(operators,)s 8108(since)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 12677(complicate)m 1104(the)s 1452(implementation,)s 3059(and)s 3463(it)s @@ -4809,6 +4893,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4839,16 +4925,22 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5766 -1579(-)m 5894(9)s -6065(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5766 -1579(-)m 5894(9)s 6065(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(to)m 239(mak)s 2(e)k 811(manifest)s -1693(their)s 2190(associati)s 6(vity)k 3432(and)s 3836(reduce)s -4529(the)s 4877(depth)s 5466(of)s 5737(the)s 6085(tree)s -6498(for)s 6836(ef\207cienc)s 3(y)k 7829(later)s 13(.)k +0 13251(to)m 239(mak)s 2(e)k +811(manifest)s 1693(their)s 2190(associati)s 6(vity)k 3432(and)s +3836(reduce)s 4529(the)s 4877(depth)s 5466(of)s 5737(the)s +6085(tree)s 6498(for)s 6836(ef\207cienc)s 3(y)k 7829(later)s 13(.)k 480 12877(The)m 970(required)s 1887(semantic)s 2851(information)s 4099(is)s 4371(the)s 4782(size)s 5271(of)s 5605(each)s 6162(subobject,)s 7249(consisting)s 8334(of)s 8668(four)s 0 12589(inte)m 3(gers:)k @@ -5199,6 +5291,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5225,57 +5319,64 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5704 -1579(-)m 5832(10)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5704 -1579(-)m 5832(10)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(is)m 240 fnt4 480 12745([)m 240 fnt3 -563 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 1177 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 1261 12753(a)m -240 fnt4 1388 12745(\))m 1538(\255)s 240 fnt3 1759 12753(height)m -240 fnt4 2373 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 2457 12753(b)m 240 fnt4 -2583 12745(\))m 2661(])s 2792(+)s 2993([)s 240 fnt3 -3076 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 3690 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 3774 12753(c)m -240 fnt4 3888 12745(\))m 4038(\255)s 240 fnt3 4259 12753(height)m -240 fnt4 4873 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 4957 12753(d)m 240 fnt4 -5095 12745(\))m 5173(])s 240 fnt1 0 12249(which)m 642(is)s -852(correct,)s 1621(b)s 4(ut)k 1983(for)s 2321(width)s -2923(the)s 3(y)k 3386(yield)s 240 fnt4 480 11691([)m -240 fnt3 563 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 1102 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 -1186 11699(a)m 240 fnt4 1313 11691(\))m 1451(+)s 240 fnt3 -1652 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 2191 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 2275 11699(b)m -240 fnt4 2401 11691(\))m 2479(])s 2622(\255)s 2843([)s -240 fnt3 2926 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 3465 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 -3549 11699(c)m 240 fnt4 3663 11691(\))m 3801(+)s 240 fnt3 -4002 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 4541 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 4625 11699(d)m -240 fnt4 4763 11691(\))m 4841(])s 240 fnt1 0 11195(which)m -645(is)s 859(not,)s 1276(since)s 1827(it)s 2023(does)s -2517(not)s 2887(tak)s 2(e)k 3343(the)s 3694(mer)s 4(ging)k -4544(of)s 4819(column)s 5598(marks)s 6237(into)s 6666(account.)s -7578(The)s 8010(asymmetry)s 0 10907(between)m 874(horizontal)s 1918(and)s -2342(v)s 3(ertical)k 3130(has)s 3520(come)s 4114(about)s -4726(because)s 5560(the)s 5928(ro)s 6(w)k 6368(entries,)s -7131(such)s 7648(as)s 240 fnt3 7918 10909(a)m 240 fnt1 -8113 10907(and)m 240 fnt3 8537 10909(b)m 240 fnt1 8651 10907(,)m -8779(are)s 0 10619(adjacent)m 849(in)s 1085(the)s 1426(tree,)s -1883(b)s 4(ut)k 2238(the)s 2579(column)s 3346(entries,)s -4082(such)s 4571(as)s 240 fnt3 4814 10621(a)m 240 fnt1 -4982 10619(and)m 240 fnt3 5379 10621(c)m 240 fnt1 5481 10619(,)m -5581(are)s 5920(not.)s 6383(It)s 6581(w)s 2(ould)k -7229(be)s 7504(possible)s 8337(to)s 8568(solv)s 3(e)k -0 10331(this)m 395(cross-linking)s 1694(problem)s 2550(by)s 2842(augmenting)s -4024(the)s 4370(size)s 4795(information)s 5979(stored)s 6619(in)s -6861(each)s 7354(node)s 7875(to)s 8112(record)s 8778(the)s -0 10043(number)m 791(of)s 1063(marks)s 1698(and)s 2103(the)s -2451(size)s 2879(of)s 3150(each,)s 3696(b)s 4(ut)k -4058(the)s 4407(author)s 5078(has)s 5449(preferred)s 6381(the)s -6730(follo)s 6(wing)k 7707(method)s 8484(which)s 0 9755(mak)m 2(es)k -660(structural)s 1616(changes)s 2438(to)s 2677(the)s 3025(tree)s -3438(instead.)s 480 9381(If)m 240 fnt3 715 9383(a)m 240 fnt1 -896 9381(and)m 240 fnt3 1305 9383(c)m 240 fnt1 1473 9381(share)m -2038(a)s 2210(column)s 2990(mark,)s 3594(the)s 3(y)k -4063(each)s 4563(might)s 5187(as)s 5442(well)s 5914(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +0 13253(is)m 240 fnt4 +480 12745([)m 240 fnt3 563 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 1177 12745(\()m +240 fnt3 1261 12753(a)m 240 fnt4 1388 12745(\))m 1538(\255)s +240 fnt3 1759 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 2373 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 +2457 12753(b)m 240 fnt4 2583 12745(\))m 2661(])s 2792(+)s +2993([)s 240 fnt3 3076 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 3690 12745(\()m +240 fnt3 3774 12753(c)m 240 fnt4 3888 12745(\))m 4038(\255)s +240 fnt3 4259 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 4873 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 +4957 12753(d)m 240 fnt4 5095 12745(\))m 5173(])s 240 fnt1 +0 12249(which)m 642(is)s 852(correct,)s 1621(b)s 4(ut)k +1983(for)s 2321(width)s 2923(the)s 3(y)k 3386(yield)s +240 fnt4 480 11691([)m 240 fnt3 563 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 +1102 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 1186 11699(a)m 240 fnt4 1313 11691(\))m +1451(+)s 240 fnt3 1652 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 2191 11691(\()m +240 fnt3 2275 11699(b)m 240 fnt4 2401 11691(\))m 2479(])s +2622(\255)s 2843([)s 240 fnt3 2926 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 +3465 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 3549 11699(c)m 240 fnt4 3663 11691(\))m +3801(+)s 240 fnt3 4002 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 4541 11691(\()m +240 fnt3 4625 11699(d)m 240 fnt4 4763 11691(\))m 4841(])s +240 fnt1 0 11195(which)m 645(is)s 859(not,)s 1276(since)s +1827(it)s 2023(does)s 2517(not)s 2887(tak)s 2(e)k +3343(the)s 3694(mer)s 4(ging)k 4544(of)s 4819(column)s +5598(marks)s 6237(into)s 6666(account.)s 7578(The)s 8010(asymmetry)s +0 10907(between)m 874(horizontal)s 1918(and)s 2342(v)s 3(ertical)k +3130(has)s 3520(come)s 4114(about)s 4726(because)s 5560(the)s +5928(ro)s 6(w)k 6368(entries,)s 7131(such)s 7648(as)s +240 fnt3 7918 10909(a)m 240 fnt1 8113 10907(and)m 240 fnt3 +8537 10909(b)m 240 fnt1 8651 10907(,)m 8779(are)s 0 10619(adjacent)m +849(in)s 1085(the)s 1426(tree,)s 1883(b)s 4(ut)k +2238(the)s 2579(column)s 3346(entries,)s 4082(such)s 4571(as)s +240 fnt3 4814 10621(a)m 240 fnt1 4982 10619(and)m 240 fnt3 +5379 10621(c)m 240 fnt1 5481 10619(,)m 5581(are)s 5920(not.)s +6383(It)s 6581(w)s 2(ould)k 7229(be)s 7504(possible)s +8337(to)s 8568(solv)s 3(e)k 0 10331(this)m 395(cross-linking)s +1694(problem)s 2550(by)s 2842(augmenting)s 4024(the)s 4370(size)s +4795(information)s 5979(stored)s 6619(in)s 6861(each)s 7354(node)s +7875(to)s 8112(record)s 8778(the)s 0 10043(number)m 791(of)s +1063(marks)s 1698(and)s 2103(the)s 2451(size)s 2879(of)s +3150(each,)s 3696(b)s 4(ut)k 4058(the)s 4407(author)s +5078(has)s 5449(preferred)s 6381(the)s 6730(follo)s 6(wing)k +7707(method)s 8484(which)s 0 9755(mak)m 2(es)k 660(structural)s +1616(changes)s 2438(to)s 2677(the)s 3025(tree)s 3438(instead.)s +480 9381(If)m 240 fnt3 715 9383(a)m 240 fnt1 896 9381(and)m +240 fnt3 1305 9383(c)m 240 fnt1 1473 9381(share)m 2038(a)s +2210(column)s 2990(mark,)s 3594(the)s 3(y)k 4063(each)s +4563(might)s 5187(as)s 5442(well)s 5914(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6420(width)s 240 fnt3 7028 9383(width)m 240 fnt4 7572 9375(\()m 240 fnt3 7662 9383(a)m 240 fnt4 7795 9375(\))m 7961(\255)s 240 fnt3 8199 9383(width)m 240 fnt4 8743 9375(\()m 240 fnt3 @@ -5677,6 +5778,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5707,10 +5810,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5714 -1579(-)m 5842(11)s -6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13363 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5714 -1579(-)m 5842(11)s 6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13363 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore gsave @@ -5728,7 +5837,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt4 136 106(\244)m +192 fnt4 +136 106(\244)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5744,8 +5854,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt4 -156 121(|)m +192 fnt4 156 121(|)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5761,7 +5870,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m +192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5777,8 +5887,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m - +192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5821,7 +5930,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 128 128(c)m +192 fnt3 +128 128(c)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5859,8 +5969,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k +192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5876,8 +5986,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 123 128(a)m - +192 fnt3 123 128(a)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5953,7 +6062,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m +192 fnt3 +56 107(SPLIT)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5969,8 +6079,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -56 107(COL)m +192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5986,7 +6095,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 123 105(b)m +192 fnt3 123 105(b)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6013,8 +6123,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 118 105(d)m - +192 fnt3 118 105(d)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6052,7 +6161,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k +192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6068,8 +6178,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -123 128(a)m +192 fnt3 123 128(a)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6156,8 +6265,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt4 156 121(|)m - +192 fnt4 +156 121(|)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6189,7 +6298,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m +192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6205,8 +6315,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -123 128(a)m +192 fnt3 123 128(a)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6271,8 +6380,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k - +192 fnt3 +56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6288,7 +6397,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 128 128(c)m +192 fnt3 128 128(c)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6364,8 +6474,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -56 107(SPLIT)m +192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6381,7 +6490,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m +192 fnt3 +56 107(COL)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6397,8 +6507,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 123 105(b)m - +192 fnt3 123 105(b)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6425,7 +6534,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 118 105(d)m +192 fnt3 118 105(d)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6463,8 +6573,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k - +192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6480,7 +6589,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 128 128(c)m +192 fnt3 +128 128(c)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6557,15 +6667,15 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 10598(In)m -244(f)s 2(act,)k 693(common)s 1576(sube)s 3(xpressions)k -3060(are)s 3395(identi\207ed)s 4343(\(tri)s 6(vially\))k 5286(and)s -5678(the)s 6013(result)s 6591(is)s 6788(a)s 6942(directed)s -7756(ac)s 3(yclic)k 8469(graph;)s 0 10310(each)m 486(af)s 6(fected)k -1296(leaf)s 1716(has)s 2076(tw)s 2(o)k 2477(parents,)s -3264(one)s 3657(for)s 3985(width)s 4578(and)s 4972(one)s -5365(for)s 5693(height;)s 6394(and)s 6788(each)s 240 fnt3 -7274 10312(COL)m 240 fnt1 7790 10310(or)m 240 fnt3 8040 10312(R)m 9(O)k 12(W)k +0 10598(In)m 244(f)s 2(act,)k +693(common)s 1576(sube)s 3(xpressions)k 3060(are)s 3395(identi\207ed)s +4343(\(tri)s 6(vially\))k 5286(and)s 5678(the)s 6013(result)s +6591(is)s 6788(a)s 6942(directed)s 7756(ac)s 3(yclic)k +8469(graph;)s 0 10310(each)m 486(af)s 6(fected)k 1296(leaf)s +1716(has)s 2076(tw)s 2(o)k 2477(parents,)s 3264(one)s +3657(for)s 3985(width)s 4578(and)s 4972(one)s 5365(for)s +5693(height;)s 6394(and)s 6788(each)s 240 fnt3 7274 10312(COL)m +240 fnt1 7790 10310(or)m 240 fnt3 8040 10312(R)m 9(O)k 12(W)k 240 fnt1 8604 10310(node)m 0 10022(has)m 360(one)s 752(parent)s 1398(and)s 1792(one)s 2184(child)s 2709(for)s 3037(each)s 3521(object)s 4155(lying)s 4690(on)s 4976(the)s 5314(corresponding)s @@ -6690,13 +6800,13 @@ grestore 2662 3918(f)m 240 fnt4 2823 3910(\))m 2973(\255)s 240 fnt3 3194 3918(width)m 240 fnt4 3733 3910(\()m 240 fnt3 3817 3918(i)m 240 fnt4 3892 3910(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s2_4_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s2_4_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt3 480 3367(y)m 240 fnt4 666 3359(=)m 240 fnt3 879 3367(width)m 240 fnt4 1418 3359(\()m 240 fnt3 1502 3367(d)m 240 fnt4 1688 3359(\))m 1838(\255)s 240 fnt3 2059 3367(width)m 240 fnt4 2598 3359(\()m 240 fnt3 2682 3367(g)m 240 fnt4 2808 3359(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s2_4_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s2_4_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt3 480 2816(z)m 240 fnt4 655 2808(=)m 240 fnt3 868 2816(width)m 240 fnt4 1407 2808(\()m 240 fnt3 1491 2816(b)m 240 fnt4 1617 2808(\))m @@ -6704,7 +6814,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt3 2611 2816(e)m 240 fnt4 2722 2808(\))m 2872(\255)s 240 fnt3 3093 2816(width)m 240 fnt4 3632 2808(\()m 240 fnt3 3716 2816(h)m 240 fnt4 3843 2808(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s2_4_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s2_4_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 2312(It)m 224(seems)s 878(clear)s 1420(that)s 240 fnt3 1857 2314(y)m 240 fnt1 2038 2312(at)m 2289(least)s 2805(must)s 3349(appear)s @@ -6741,6 +6851,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6772,23 +6884,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(12)s -6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(12)s 6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13256(the)m 349(arro)s 6(ws)k 1045(are)s -1394(required.)s 2355(After)s 2920(a)s 3087(fe)s 6(w)k +0 13256(the)m 349(arro)s 6(ws)k +1045(are)s 1394(required.)s 2355(After)s 2920(a)s 3087(fe)s 6(w)k 3494(ad-)s 3788(hoc)s 4189(attempts)s 5050(to)s 5291(e)s 3(xtend)k 5985(the)s 6334(usual)s 6896(tree)s 7310(representation)s 8722(had)s 0 12968(f)m 2(ailed,)k 665(the)s 1030(author)s 1718(de)s 6(v)k 3(eloped)k 2769(a)s 2952(representation)s 4379(based)s 5000(on)s 5314(doubly)s 6051(link)s 2(ed)k 6723(lists)s 7175(of)s 7463(records)s -8235(denoting)s 0 12680(links,)m 578(whose)s 1253(\210e)s 3(xibility)k -2240(more)s 2794(than)s 3270(compensated)s 4584(for)s 4929(the)s -5284(some)s 6(what)k 6315(e)s 3(xcessi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k -7282(memory)s 8140(consump)s 8998(-)s 0 12392(tion.)m 536(F)s 3(or)k +8235(denoting)s 0 12680(links,)m 578(whose)s 1252(\210e)s 3(xibility)k +2238(more)s 2792(than)s 3267(compensated)s 4580(for)s 4924(the)s +5279(some)s 6(what)k 6309(e)s 3(xcessi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k +7275(memory)s 8133(consump-)s 0 12392(tion.)m 536(F)s 3(or)k 925(e)s 3(xample,)k gsave 480 10526 translate 240 fnt3 3282 1526 0 1470 240 288 12 LoutGraphic @@ -7450,6 +7568,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7477,27 +7597,33 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5710 -1579(-)m 5838(13)s -6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5710 -1579(-)m 5838(13)s 6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(could)m 588(not)s 952(appear)s 1647(in)s -1887(a)s 2051(v)s 6(ariety)k 2760(of)s 3028(fonts,)s -3611(column)s 4384(widths,)s 5126(etc.)s 5566(This)s 6040(in\210uence)s -6970(cannot)s 7666(tak)s 2(e)k 8116(the)s 8461(purely)s -0 12965(static)m 569(form)s 1106(that)s 1538(block-structured)s 3175(languages)s -4196(use)s 4585(to)s 4837(associate)s 5769(v)s 6(alues)k -6438(with)s 6933(identi\207ers,)s 8009(for)s 8360(then)s 8843(an)s -0 12677(operator)m 850(could)s 1434(not)s 1794(in\210uence)s 2721(the)s -3063(appearance)s 4188(of)s 4453(its)s 4723(parameters;)s 5876(and)s -6274(a)s 6434(state)s 6921(v)s 6(ariable)k 7734(solution)s -8556(is)s 8760(not)s 0 12389(compatible)m 1118(with)s 1600(the)s -1948(o)s 3(v)k 3(erall)k 2660(functional)s 3684(design.)s -480 12015(The)m 914(information)s 2105(needed)s 2848(from)s 3378(the)s -3733(conte)s 3(xt)k 4500(seems)s 5141(quite)s 5682(limited,)s -6471(comprising)s 7607(the)s 7961(font)s 8413(f)s 2(amily)k 15(,)k +0 13253(could)m 588(not)s +952(appear)s 1647(in)s 1887(a)s 2051(v)s 6(ariety)k +2760(of)s 3028(fonts,)s 3611(column)s 4384(widths,)s 5126(etc.)s +5566(This)s 6040(in\210uence)s 6970(cannot)s 7666(tak)s 2(e)k +8116(the)s 8461(purely)s 0 12965(static)m 569(form)s 1106(that)s +1538(block-structured)s 3175(languages)s 4196(use)s 4585(to)s 4837(associate)s +5769(v)s 6(alues)k 6438(with)s 6933(identi\207ers,)s 8009(for)s +8360(then)s 8843(an)s 0 12677(operator)m 850(could)s 1434(not)s +1794(in\210uence)s 2721(the)s 3063(appearance)s 4188(of)s 4453(its)s +4723(parameters;)s 5876(and)s 6274(a)s 6434(state)s 6921(v)s 6(ariable)k +7734(solution)s 8556(is)s 8760(not)s 0 12389(compatible)m 1118(with)s +1600(the)s 1948(o)s 3(v)k 3(erall)k 2660(functional)s +3684(design.)s 480 12015(The)m 914(information)s 2105(needed)s 2848(from)s +3378(the)s 3733(conte)s 3(xt)k 4500(seems)s 5141(quite)s +5682(limited,)s 6471(comprising)s 7607(the)s 7961(font)s 8413(f)s 2(amily)k 15(,)k 0 11727(f)m 2(ace,)k 525(and)s 952(size)s 1402(to)s 1664(use,)s 2114(the)s 2485(style)s 3015(of)s 3309(paragraph)s 4345(breaking)s 5259(required,)s 6185(ho)s 6(w)k 6669(much)s @@ -7589,6 +7715,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7619,22 +7747,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(14)s -6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(14)s 6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13256(and)m 404(breaks)s 1079(the)s 1427(remaining)s -2449(columns)s 3311(to)s 3550(equal)s 4123(width,)s 4775(using)s -5347(up)s 5640(all)s 5933(of)s 6204(the)s 6552(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k -7460(space.)s 480 12882(The)m 897(size)s 1313(of)s 1572(an)s -1844(object)s 2476(is)s 2675(not)s 3029(clearly)s 3721(determined)s -4843(when)s 5407(the)s 5744(upw)s 2(ard-mo)k 3(ving)k -7309(size)s 7725(is)s 7923(less)s 8321(than)s 8778(the)s -0 12594(do)m 6(wnw)k 2(ard-mo)k 3(ving)k 1871(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k -2786(space,)s 3431(and)s 3842(the)s 4197(object)s 4849(contains)s -5704(constructs)s 6731(that)s 7156(depend)s 7913(on)s 8218(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k +0 13256(and)m 404(breaks)s +1079(the)s 1427(remaining)s 2449(columns)s 3311(to)s 3550(equal)s +4123(width,)s 4775(using)s 5347(up)s 5640(all)s 5933(of)s +6204(the)s 6552(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 7460(space.)s +480 12882(The)m 897(size)s 1313(of)s 1572(an)s 1844(object)s +2476(is)s 2675(not)s 3029(clearly)s 3721(determined)s 4843(when)s +5407(the)s 5744(upw)s 2(ard-mo)k 3(ving)k 7309(size)s +7725(is)s 7923(less)s 8321(than)s 8778(the)s 0 12594(do)m 6(wnw)k 2(ard-mo)k 3(ving)k +1871(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 2786(space,)s 3431(and)s +3842(the)s 4197(object)s 4849(contains)s 5704(constructs)s 6731(that)s +7156(depend)s 7913(on)s 8218(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 0 12306(space)m 587(\(e.g.)s 1056(right)s 1567(justi\207cation\).)s 2938(F)s 3(or)k 3327(e)s 3(xample,)k 4241(in)s 220 fnt5 480 11805(2i @Wide { Heading // a |1r)m -8(t b })k 240 fnt1 0 11306(it)m 211(seems)s 865(natural)s 1603(to)s @@ -7727,6 +7862,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7758,13 +7895,20 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5709 -1582(-)m 5837(15)s -6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5709 -1582(-)m 5837(15)s 6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13250(the)m 348(structure)s gsave +0 13250(the)m 348(structure)s +gsave 608 12769 translate 280 fnt3 128 191 0 123 280 288 70 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -7784,8 +7928,7 @@ grestore xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -260 fnt5 -0 56(y)m +260 fnt5 0 56(y)m grestore grestore @@ -7811,18 +7954,19 @@ grestore xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -260 fnt5 0 0(x)m +260 fnt5 +0 0(x)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 12183(b)m 4(ut)k -381(with)s 882(the)s 1249(\207rst)s 1699(ro)s 6(w)k -2138(mark)s 2709(hidden)s 3437(by)s 3751(the)s 220 fnt5 -4118 12180(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 5268 12183(operator)m 9(,)k -6181(and)s 220 fnt5 6604 12180(y)m 240 fnt1 6791 12183(tw)m 2(o)k -7220(points)s 7875(smaller)s 8657(than)s 0 11895(it)m 220(w)s 2(ould)k +0 12183(b)m 4(ut)k 381(with)s 882(the)s +1249(\207rst)s 1699(ro)s 6(w)k 2138(mark)s 2709(hidden)s +3437(by)s 3751(the)s 220 fnt5 4118 12180(@OneRo)m 3(w)k +240 fnt1 5268 12183(operator)m 9(,)k 6181(and)s 220 fnt5 +6604 12180(y)m 240 fnt1 6791 12183(tw)m 2(o)k 7220(points)s +7875(smaller)s 8657(than)s 0 11895(it)m 220(w)s 2(ould)k 904(otherwise)s 1917(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2447(been.)s 3091(The)s 3548(length)s 220 fnt5 4231 11892(0.5f)m 240 fnt1 4683 11895(speci\207es)m 5585(half)s 6057(the)s 6433(current)s 7198(font)s @@ -7862,38 +8006,38 @@ grestore 0 5832(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k 501(a)s 667(natural)s 1385(syntax:)s 220 fnt5 480 5331(@Pref)m 6(ace)k 480 5043( @Title { About this book })m 480 4755({)m 480 4467( F)m 6(e)k 4(w obser)k -6(v)k 5(ers w)k 2(ould ha)k 4(v)k 5(e supposed in 1984, that ...)k -480 4179(})m 240 fnt1 0 3685(with)m 481(the)s 827(actual)s -1450(named)s 2145(parameters)s 3241(follo)s 6(wing)k 4216(directly)s -4998(after)s 5492(the)s 5838(operator)s 9(,)k 6731(before)s -7395(an)s 3(y)k 7790(right)s 8299(parame)s 8998(-)s -0 3397(ter)m 13(.)k 400(In)s 653(this)s 1046(e)s 3(xample,)k -220 fnt5 1958 3394(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 2578 3397(will)m -3001(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3735(its)s 4008(def)s 2(ault)k -4726(v)s 6(alue,)k 5342(and)s 5744(a)s 5907(less)s -6313(e)s 3(xpert)k 6965(user)s 7420(could)s 8007(safely)s -8628(omit)s 0 3109(the)m 220 fnt5 348 3106(@Title)m 240 fnt1 -1036 3109(parameter)m 2050(as)s 2300(well.)s 480 2735(Lout)m 1007(permits)s -1790(named)s 2502(parameters)s 3616(to)s 3870(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -4387(parameters,)s 5557(a)s 5739(feature)s 6472(with)s 6970(applications)s -8192(to)s 8447(biblio)s 8998(-)s 0 2447(graphic)m 781(databases,)s -1816(running)s 2626(headers,)s 3475(and)s 3891(other)s 4454(places)s -5114(where)s 5766(a)s 5944(format)s 6652(has)s 7034(to)s -7285(be)s 7579(supplied)s 8460(before)s 0 2159(content)m 760(is)s -965(kno)s 6(wn.)k 1771(One)s 2221(could)s 2806(go)s -3094(further)s 3798(and)s 4197(pro)s 3(vide)k 4976(a)s -5137(complete)s 6064(lambda)s 6823(calculus,)s 7708(with)s 8185(functions)s -0 1871(as)m 250(\207rst-)s 689(class)s 1204(objects,)s 1988(pro)s 3(vided)k -2894(care)s 3347(w)s 2(as)k 3768(tak)s 2(en)k -4341(not)s 4707(to)s 4946(intimidate)s 5970(the)s 6318(non-)s -6746(e)s 3(xpert)k 7400(user)s 13(.)k 240 fnt2 -0 1222(3.2.)m 471(Recursion)s 1563(and)s 2004(page)s 2539(lay)s 6(out)k - +480 4179(})m 240 fnt1 0 3685(with)m 480(the)s 826(actual)s +1449(named)s 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3(xploratory)k 7628(projects,)s +8579(since)s 0 457(otherwise)m 988(the)s 1340(design)s 2025(too)s +2388(easily)s 3003(becomes)s 3894(unrealistic.)s 5056(Sometimes)s 6173(the)s +6524(implementation)s 8085(does)s 8579(more)s grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet @@ -7905,6 +8049,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7928,26 +8074,33 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1581(-)m 5833(16)s -6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1581(-)m 5833(16)s 6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(than)m 469(its)s 745(designer)s 1615(intended.)s -2603(The)s 3031(author)s 3702(wrote)s 4302(the)s 4650(follo)s 6(wing)k -5627(purely)s 6292(as)s 6542(a)s 6708(testing)s 7398(scaf)s 6(fold:)k -220 fnt5 480 12750(def @P)m 8(age r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12462({)m -480 12174( 8i @Wide 11i @High)m 480 11886( {)m 480 11598( //1i ||1i x ||1i)m 480 11310( //1i)m 480 11022( })m -480 10734(})m 240 fnt1 0 10240(Only)m 518(afterw)s 2(ards)k -1558(did)s 1906(he)s 2172(realize)s 2848(its)s 3108(signi\207cance:)s -4400(the)s 4732(concept)s 5521(of)s 5776(a)s 5926(page)s -6418(had)s 6807(been)s 7300(de\207ned)s 8047(outside)s 8778(the)s -0 9952(implementation,)m 1619(remo)s 3(ving)k 2598(the)s 2959(need)s -3481(for)s 3831(commands)s 4932(for)s 5282(setting)s 5984(page)s -6505(width)s 7119(and)s 7535(height,)s 8253(mar)s 4(gins,)k -0 9664(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 480 9290(De\207ning)m 1393(a)s -1582(sequence)s 2538(of)s 2831(pages)s 3450(is)s 3683(harder)s 9(,)k +0 13251(than)m 469(its)s +745(designer)s 1615(intended.)s 2603(The)s 3031(author)s 3702(wrote)s +4302(the)s 4650(follo)s 6(wing)k 5627(purely)s 6292(as)s +6542(a)s 6708(testing)s 7398(scaf)s 6(fold:)k 220 fnt5 +480 12750(def @P)m 8(age r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12462({)m 480 12174( 8i @Wide 11i @High)m +480 11886( {)m 480 11598( //1i ||1i x ||1i)m 480 11310( //1i)m 480 11022( })m 480 10734(})m +240 fnt1 0 10240(Only)m 518(afterw)s 2(ards)k 1558(did)s +1906(he)s 2172(realize)s 2848(its)s 3108(signi\207cance:)s 4400(the)s +4732(concept)s 5521(of)s 5776(a)s 5926(page)s 6418(had)s +6807(been)s 7300(de\207ned)s 8047(outside)s 8778(the)s 0 9952(implementation,)m +1619(remo)s 3(ving)k 2598(the)s 2959(need)s 3481(for)s +3831(commands)s 4932(for)s 5282(setting)s 5984(page)s 6505(width)s +7119(and)s 7535(height,)s 8253(mar)s 4(gins,)k 0 9664(and)m +404(so)s 670(on.)s 480 9290(De\207ning)m 1393(a)s 1582(sequence)s +2538(of)s 2831(pages)s 3450(is)s 3683(harder)s 9(,)k 4414(since)s 4983(their)s 5503(number)s 6317(is)s 6550(not)s 6938(kno)s 6(wn)k 7665(in)s 7931(adv)s 6(ance.)k 8896(A)s 0 9002(simple)m 693(v)s 3(ersion)k 1451(of)s @@ -7973,18 +8126,18 @@ grestore 4530(space)s 5109(is)s 5311(not)s 5668(suf\207cient,)s 6656(delete)s 220 fnt5 7273 6420(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 8334 6423(and)m 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 6135(preceding)m 996(space'.)s 1770(Then)s 2319(the)s 2667(e)s 3(xpression)k -220 fnt5 480 5634(4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 53 })m 240 fnt1 0 5138(will)m 417(produce)s -1234(the)s 1572(object)s 2206(sho)s 6(wn)k 2873(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e.)k -3593(It)s 3788(is)s 3988(hard)s 4461(to)s 4691(see)s -5042(ho)s 6(w)k 5493(this)s 5879(base)s 6350(could)s -6930(be)s 7202(made)s 7766(e)s 3(xplicit,)k 8576(with)s -8998(-)s 0 4850(out)m 348(violating)s 1232(the)s 1561(general)s -2301(principle)s 3187(of)s 3439(k)s 2(eeping)k 4230(all)s -4504(size)s 4912(information)s 6079(internal.)s 6953(In)s 7190(the)s -7519(implementation,)s 220 fnt5 0 4559(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 1071 4562(remains)m -1881(une)s 3(xpanded)k 3097(while)s 3686(sizes)s 4204(are)s -4554(being)s 5142(calculated;)s 6224(then)s 6696(it)s 6891(is)s -7103(treated)s 7813(similarly)s 8718(to)s 8960(a)s 0 4274(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k +220 fnt5 480 5634(4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 53 })m 240 fnt1 0 5138(will)m 416(produce)s +1233(the)s 1571(object)s 2205(sho)s 6(wn)k 2872(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e.)k +3592(It)s 3787(is)s 3987(hard)s 4460(to)s 4689(see)s +5040(ho)s 6(w)k 5491(this)s 5877(base)s 6348(could)s +6928(be)s 7200(made)s 7764(e)s 3(xplicit,)k 8573(with-)s +0 4850(out)m 348(violating)s 1232(the)s 1561(general)s 2301(principle)s +3187(of)s 3439(k)s 2(eeping)k 4230(all)s 4504(size)s +4912(information)s 6079(internal.)s 6953(In)s 7190(the)s 7519(implementation,)s +220 fnt5 0 4559(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 1071 4562(remains)m 1881(une)s 3(xpanded)k +3097(while)s 3686(sizes)s 4204(are)s 4554(being)s 5142(calculated;)s +6224(then)s 6696(it)s 6891(is)s 7103(treated)s 7813(similarly)s +8718(to)s 8960(a)s 0 4274(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 922(symbol,)s 1734(with)s 2216(its)s 2492(body)s 3026(as)s 3276(an)s 3559(incoming)s 4516(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5150(\(Section)s 6003(5.2\).)s 480 3900(W)m 9(ith)k 1014(this)s @@ -8011,6 +8164,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8034,10 +8189,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(17)s -6124(-)s 9066 13418 0 13418 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(17)s 6124(-)s 9066 13418 0 13418 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13255(when)m 576(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k @@ -8091,6 +8252,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8122,15 +8285,21 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(18)s -6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(18)s 6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(The)m 476(e)s 3(xpansion)k 1550(process)s -2367(is)s 2626(v)s 3(ery)k 3150(similar)s 3921(to)s -4209(a)s 4424(BNF)s 4997(deri)s 6(v)k 6(ation,)k +0 13253(The)m 476(e)s 3(xpansion)k +1550(process)s 2367(is)s 2626(v)s 3(ery)k 3150(similar)s +3921(to)s 4209(a)s 4424(BNF)s 4997(deri)s 6(v)k 6(ation,)k 6109(and)s 6562(w)s 2(ould)k 7266(be)s 7597(attempted)s 8646(only)s 0 12965(on)m 297(demand.)s 480 12591(Clearly)m 15(,)k 1276(deciding)s 2154(which)s 2797(e)s 3(xpansions)k 3910(to)s @@ -8221,6 +8390,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8244,10 +8415,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5706 -1579(-)m 5834(19)s -6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5706 -1579(-)m 5834(19)s 6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt5 480 13253(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @Heading @PP ...)k @@ -8315,6 +8492,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8346,62 +8525,69 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5704 -1579(-)m 5832(20)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13312 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5704 -1579(-)m 5832(20)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13312 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt5 480 13255(x @Open {)m 480 12967(y @Open {)m 480 12679(Body of document)m 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2645(5.1\),)s +220 fnt5 3133 8895(@Body)m 240 fnt1 3917 8898(must)m 4444(tak)s 2(e)k +4899(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 5380(that)s 5800(function.)s +6764(But)s 7172(one)s 7577(w)s 2(ould)k 8234(not)s +8603(w)s 2(ant)k 0 8610(to)m 253(write)s 813(these)s +1374(clumsy)s 2133(e)s 3(xpressions)k 3311(in)s 3568(practice,)s +4444(and)s 4862(the)s 5224(enclosure)s 6210(of)s 6495(lar)s 4(ge)k +7038(quantities)s 8032(of)s 8317(input)s 8883(in)s 0 8322(e)m 3(xtra)k +534(braces)s 1195(could)s 1785(cause)s 2372(Basser)s 3069(Lout)s +3581(to)s 3820(run)s 4196(out)s 4562(of)s 4833(memory)s +5684(\(Section)s 6537(5.4\).)s 480 7948(A)m 700(quite)s 1224(separate)s +2052(kind)s 2526(of)s 2786(visibility)s 3679(problem)s 4526(arises)s +5110(when)s 5676(e)s 3(xpert)k 6319(users)s 6851(wish)s +7350(to)s 7579(de\207ne)s 8210(an)s 8482(object)s 0 7660(or)m +259(operator)s 1115(for)s 1453(repeated)s 2320(use)s 2695(within,)s +3413(say)s 15(,)k 3824(equations:)s 220 fnt5 480 7161(def isum { sum from i=1 to n })m +240 fnt1 0 6667(As)m 338(it)s 551(stands)s 1221(this)s +1638(can)s 2048(only)s 2549(be)s 2852(placed)s 3555(within)s +4244(the)s 220 fnt5 4613 6664(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 5172 6667(package)m +6033(itself,)s 6637(where)s 220 fnt5 7298 6664(sum)m 240 fnt1 +7780 6667(and)m 8205(the)s 8575(other)s 0 6379(symbols)m 841(are)s +1179(visible,)s 1915(b)s 4(ut)k 2268(it)s 2451(is)s +2653(not)s 3010(desirable)s 3919(to)s 4150(modify)s 4886(the)s +5225(source)s 5897(code)s 6396(of)s 6658(a)s 6816(standard)s +7675(package.)s 8614(Lout)s 0 6091(pro)m 3(vides)k 872(an)s +220 fnt5 1155 6088(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1828 6091(clause)m +2481(to)s 2720(solv)s 3(e)k 3278(this)s 3674(problem:)s +220 fnt5 480 5590(impor)m -8(t @Eq)k 480 5302(def isum { sum from i=1 to n })m 240 fnt1 +0 4808(may)m 469(appear)s 1169(after)s 220 fnt5 1669 4805(@Eq)m +240 fnt1 2210 4808(is)m 2423(de\207ned,)s 3239(and)s 3646(it)s +3842(will)s 4271(mak)s 2(e)k 4846(the)s 5198(e)s 3(xported)k +6093(symbols)s 6945(of)s 220 fnt5 7220 4805(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 +7761 4808(visible)m 8458(within)s 0 4520(the)m 335(body)s 855(of)s +220 fnt5 1112 4517(isum)m 240 fnt1 1561 4520(.)m 1711(This)s +2174(feature)s 2878(complicates)s 4056(the)s 4390(treatment)s 5337(of)s +5595(en)s 9(vironments)k 6925(\(Section)s 7764(3.4\),)s 8236(and)s +8626(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 0 4232(introduces)m 1050(an)s +1336(insecurity)s 15(,)k 2373(when)s 220 fnt5 2952 4229(isum)m +240 fnt1 3464 4232(is)m 3677(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 4495(outside)s 5245(an)s 5531(equation.)s 6522(A)s 6755(simpler)s 7534(approach)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 3944(be)m 290(to)s 538(allo)s 6(w)k 1126(only)s 1615(one)s 2026(symbol)s @@ -8438,10 +8624,10 @@ grestore 806 802(operator)m 13(.)k 480 428(As)m 818(the)s 1187(parse)s 1769(proceeds,)s 2747(a)s 2934(complete)s 3888(call)s 4308(graph)s 4932(is)s 5163(constructed,)s 6393(recording,)s 7438(for)s 7797(each)s -8314(symbol,)s 0 140(which)m 633(symbols)s 1473(are)s 1810(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k -2616(within)s 3274(its)s 3541(body)s 15(.)k 4160(Immediately)s -5412(after)s 5898(the)s 6237(last)s 6618(de\207nition)s 7583(is)s -7783(read,)s 8292(the)s 8630(tran)s 8998(-)s +8314(symbol,)s 0 140(which)m 633(symbols)s 1472(are)s 1809(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +2615(within)s 3273(its)s 3539(body)s 15(.)k 4159(Immediately)s +5410(after)s 5896(the)s 6235(last)s 6616(de\207nition)s 7580(is)s +7781(read,)s 8289(the)s 8627(tran-)s grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet @@ -8453,6 +8639,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8484,22 +8672,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5714 -1579(-)m 5842(21)s -6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5714 -1579(-)m 5842(21)s 6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13256(siti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 565(closure)s -1312(of)s 1584(the)s 1933(call)s 2334(graph)s 2937(is)s -3148(computed,)s 4200(and)s 4605(used)s 5104(to)s 5344(determine)s -6356(whether)s 7187(each)s 7684(non-)s 8112(parameter)s 0 12968(symbol)m -775(is)s 1001(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1939(or)s -2214(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3151(\(Section)s 4020(5.1\),)s -4522(and)s 4942(whether)s 5787(each)s 6298(parameter)s 7328(is)s -7554(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 8385(e)s 3(xactly)k -0 12680(once)m 508(or)s 767(not.)s 480 12306(Purely)m 1188(functional)s -2243(systems)s 3082(may)s 3579(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k +0 13256(siti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k +565(closure)s 1312(of)s 1584(the)s 1933(call)s 2334(graph)s +2937(is)s 3148(computed,)s 4200(and)s 4605(used)s 5104(to)s +5344(determine)s 6356(whether)s 7187(each)s 7684(non-)s 8112(parameter)s +0 12968(symbol)m 775(is)s 1001(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +1939(or)s 2214(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3151(\(Section)s +4020(5.1\),)s 4522(and)s 4942(whether)s 5787(each)s 6298(parameter)s +7328(is)s 7554(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +8385(e)s 3(xactly)k 0 12680(once)m 508(or)s 767(not.)s +480 12306(Purely)m 1188(functional)s 2243(systems)s 3082(may)s 3579(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k 4450(symbol)s 5240(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 6412(in)s 6686(applicati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7812(order)s 8407(\(where)s 0 12018(parameters)m 1092(are)s 1433(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated)k @@ -8538,10 +8732,9 @@ grestore 8550(when)s 0 8966(the)m 339(last)s 721(reference)s 1655(to)s 1885(them)s 2413(is)s 2614(remo)s 3(v)k 3(ed.)k 3600(Se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 4353(optimizations)s 5695(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -6187(been)s 6687(implemented.)s 8090(Actual)s 8772(pa)s 8998(-)s -0 8678(rameters)m 860(kno)s 6(wn)k 1552(to)s 1778(be)s -2048(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 2850(only)s -3318(once)s 3814(are)s 4148(mo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k +6187(been)s 6687(implemented.)s 8090(Actual)s 8772(pa-)s 0 8678(rameters)m +860(kno)s 6(wn)k 1552(to)s 1778(be)s 2048(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +2850(only)s 3318(once)s 3814(are)s 4148(mo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 4840(in)s 5070(from)s 5582(the)s 5918(en)s 9(vironment,)k 7212(not)s 7566(copied;)s 8303(cop)s 2(ying)k 0 8390(could)m 581(lead)s 1028(to)s 1258(quadratic)s 2191(time)s 2662(comple)s 3(xity)k 15(.)k @@ -8639,6 +8832,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8670,23 +8865,30 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(22)s -6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13308 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(22)s 6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13308 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt3 0 13256(3.)m 274(Height)s 989(calculations.)s -240 fnt1 2312 13254(Calculate)m 3270(the)s 3618(height)s 4276(of)s -4547(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5123(subobject,)s 6147(from)s -6671(the)s 7019(bottom)s 7757(up.)s 240 fnt3 0 12751(4.)m -283(Horizontal)s 1389(coor)s 8(dinates.)k 240 fnt1 2674 12749(Calculate)m -3641(the)s 3998(horizontal)s 5032(coordinate)s 6106(of)s 6386(each)s -6890(subobject)s 7876(from)s 8409(the)s 8767(top)s 0 12461(do)m 6(wn,)k -634(and)s 1038(store)s 1558(each)s 2053(leaf)s -13(')k 13(s)k -2633(coordinate)s 3698(in)s 3941(the)s 4289(leaf.)s 240 fnt3 -0 11977(5.)m 295(V)s 26(ertical)k 1119(coor)s 8(dinates)k -2317(and)s 2765(P)s 19(ostScript)k 3827(g)s 2(ener)k 3(ation.)k +240 fnt3 0 13256(3.)m +274(Height)s 989(calculations.)s 240 fnt1 2312 13254(Calculate)m 3270(the)s +3618(height)s 4276(of)s 4547(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k +5123(subobject,)s 6147(from)s 6671(the)s 7019(bottom)s 7757(up.)s +240 fnt3 0 12751(4.)m 283(Horizontal)s 1389(coor)s 8(dinates.)k +240 fnt1 2674 12749(Calculate)m 3641(the)s 3998(horizontal)s 5032(coordinate)s +6106(of)s 6386(each)s 6890(subobject)s 7876(from)s 8409(the)s +8767(top)s 0 12461(do)m 6(wn,)k 634(and)s 1038(store)s +1558(each)s 2053(leaf)s -13(')k 13(s)k 2633(coordinate)s +3698(in)s 3941(the)s 4289(leaf.)s 240 fnt3 0 11977(5.)m +295(V)s 26(ertical)k 1119(coor)s 8(dinates)k 2317(and)s +2765(P)s 19(ostScript)k 3827(g)s 2(ener)k 3(ation.)k 240 fnt1 5034 11975(Calculate)m 6013(the)s 6383(v)s 3(ertical)k 7171(coordinate)s 8257(of)s 8550(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 0 11687(subobject)m 981(from)s 1509(the)s 1861(top)s 2224(do)s 6(wn,)k @@ -8743,13 +8945,13 @@ grestore 1779(formatter)s 2729(to)s 2971(remo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 3741(the)s 4092(footnote)s 4947(from)s 5474(this)s 5873(conte)s 3(xt)k 6637(and)s 7044(place)s 7607(it)s 7802(at)s 8037(the)s -8388(bottom)s 0 3484(of)m 281(the)s 639(current)s 1386(page,)s -1955(possibly)s 2817(splitting)s 3664(some)s 4235(or)s 4504(all)s -4808(of)s 5089(it)s 5291(onto)s 5781(a)s 5957(follo)s 6(wing)k -6944(page)s 7463(if)s 7690(space)s 8287(is)s 8508(insuf)s -8998(-)s 0 3196(\207cient.)m 480 2822(An)m 844(object)s 1503(appears)s -2298(in)s 2556(the)s 2918(\207nal)s 3413(document)s 4431(at)s -4678(the)s 5040(point)s 5607(it)s 5813(is)s 6038(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k +8388(bottom)s 0 3484(of)m 282(the)s 641(current)s 1388(page,)s +1958(possibly)s 2821(splitting)s 3668(some)s 4240(or)s 4510(all)s +4814(of)s 5096(it)s 5299(onto)s 5789(a)s 5966(follo)s 6(wing)k +6954(page)s 7473(if)s 7701(space)s 8299(is)s 8520(insuf-)s +0 3196(\207cient.)m 480 2822(An)m 844(object)s 1503(appears)s 2298(in)s +2556(the)s 2918(\207nal)s 3413(document)s 4431(at)s 4678(the)s +5040(point)s 5607(it)s 5813(is)s 6038(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 6916(b)s 4(ut)k 7293(this)s 7703(basic)s 8262(property)s 0 2534(does)m 503(not)s 882(hold)s 1379(for)s 1730(footnotes:)s 2799(the)s 3160(point)s 3725(of)s 4009(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k @@ -8789,6 +8991,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8816,29 +9020,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5710 -1579(-)m 5838(23)s -6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13416 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5710 -1579(-)m 5838(23)s 6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13416 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -1659 13218(1.)m 2163(Initialization)s 7172(200)s 1659 12930(2.)m -2163(Memory)s 3041(allocation,)s 4090(ordered)s 4878(dag)s 5277(operations)s -7172(400)s 1659 12642(3.)m 2163(Le)s 3(xical)k 2931(analysis,)s -3808(macros,)s 4605(\207le)s 4966(handling)s 6992(1,350)s 1659 12354(4.)m -2163(P)s 3(arsing)k 2930(of)s 3201(objects)s 3929(and)s -4333(de\207nitions)s 6992(1,150)s 1659 12066(5.)m 2163(Symbol)s 2963(table)s -3483(and)s 3887(call)s 4286(graph)s 7172(600)s 1659 11778(6.)m -2163(Ev)s 6(aluation)k 3250(of)s 3521(pure)s 4002(parse)s -4562(trees)s 6992(1,650)s 1659 11490(7.)m 2163(Reading,)s 3068(storing,)s -3839(and)s 4243(scaling)s 4973(of)s 5244(fonts)s 7172(600)s -1659 11202(8.)m 2163(Cross)s 2759(references)s 3790(and)s 4194(databases)s -6992(1,000)s 1659 10914(9.)m 2163(W)s 9(idth)k 2809(and)s -3213(height)s 3871(calculations,)s 5119(and)s 5523(breaking)s 7172(700)s -1539 10626(10.)m 240 fnt3 2163 10628(Constr)m 3(ained)k 240 fnt1 -3410 10626(and)m 240 fnt3 3814 10628(AdjustSize)m 240 fnt1 7172 10626(700)m -1539 10338(11.)m 2163(T)s 8(ransfer)k 3023(of)s 3294(sized)s -3843(objects)s 4571(into)s 4996(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +1659 13218(1.)m 2163(Initialization)s +7172(200)s 1659 12930(2.)m 2163(Memory)s 3041(allocation,)s 4090(ordered)s +4878(dag)s 5277(operations)s 7172(400)s 1659 12642(3.)m 2163(Le)s 3(xical)k +2931(analysis,)s 3808(macros,)s 4605(\207le)s 4966(handling)s 6992(1,350)s +1659 12354(4.)m 2163(P)s 3(arsing)k 2930(of)s 3201(objects)s +3929(and)s 4333(de\207nitions)s 6992(1,150)s 1659 12066(5.)m 2163(Symbol)s +2963(table)s 3483(and)s 3887(call)s 4286(graph)s 7172(600)s +1659 11778(6.)m 2163(Ev)s 6(aluation)k 3250(of)s 3521(pure)s +4002(parse)s 4562(trees)s 6992(1,650)s 1659 11490(7.)m 2163(Reading,)s +3068(storing,)s 3839(and)s 4243(scaling)s 4973(of)s 5244(fonts)s +7172(600)s 1659 11202(8.)m 2163(Cross)s 2759(references)s 3790(and)s +4194(databases)s 6992(1,000)s 1659 10914(9.)m 2163(W)s 9(idth)k +2809(and)s 3213(height)s 3871(calculations,)s 5119(and)s 5523(breaking)s +7172(700)s 1539 10626(10.)m 240 fnt3 2163 10628(Constr)m 3(ained)k +240 fnt1 3410 10626(and)m 240 fnt3 3814 10628(AdjustSize)m 240 fnt1 +7172 10626(700)m 1539 10338(11.)m 2163(T)s 8(ransfer)k 3023(of)s +3294(sized)s 3843(objects)s 4571(into)s 4996(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5630(tree)s 7172(450)s 1539 10050(12.)m 2163(Galle)s 3(y)k 2851(\210ushing)s 3676(algorithm)s 6992(1,500)s 1539 9762(13.)m 2163(Coordinate)s 3282(calculations)s 4474(and)s 4878(PostScript)s 5920(output)s 7172(700)s @@ -9145,6 +9355,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -9176,38 +9388,44 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(24)s -6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13419 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(24)s 6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13419 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13256(The)m 468(tree)s 921(can)s 1351(be)s -1673(deeper)s 9(,)k 2448(for)s 2827(e)s 3(xample)k -3730(with)s 4253(sections)s 5114(appearing)s 6150(within)s 6859(chapters)s -7746(which)s 8429(appear)s 0 12968(within)m 680(the)s 1041(body)s -1587(te)s 3(xt,)k 2062(which)s 2717(appears)s 3510(within)s -4191(the)s 4551(\207nal)s 5044(sequence)s 5990(of)s 6273(pages.)s -6995(Document)s 8065(formatting)s 0 12680(languages)m 1024(generally)s 1984(shirk)s -2540(the)s 2905(issues)s 3544(raised)s 4189(by)s 4500(this)s -4912(dual)s 5396(tree)s 5826(structure,)s 6785(by)s 7096(making)s -7884(the)s 8249(dynamic)s 0 12392(tree)m 421(b)s 4(uilt-in,)k -1235(by)s 1537(limiting)s 2354(one)s 2764(or)s 3032(both)s -3523(trees)s 4032(to)s 4279(tw)s 2(o)k 4697(le)s 6(v)k 3(els,)k -5360(and)s 5773(so)s 6047(on,)s 6402(pro)s 3(viding)k -7391(a)s 7565(classic)s 8263(e)s 3(xample)k 0 12104(of)m -295(the)s 667(impo)s 3(v)k 3(erishing)k 2120(ef)s 6(fect)k -2740(of)s 3035(f)s 2(ailing)k 3733(to)s 3997(permit)s -4704(language)s 5648(features)s 6478(to)s 6741(attain)s 7352(their)s -7873(natural)s 8616(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 0 11816(of)m -271(generality)s 15(.)k 480 11442(W)m 19(e)k 854(are)s -1206(thus)s 1662(led)s 2017(to)s 2261(propose)s 3081(a)s -3252(second)s 3980(abstraction)s 5091(for)s 5434(document)s 6443(formatting,)s -7564(which)s 8211(we)s 8552(name)s 0 11154(the)m 240 fnt3 -371 11156(galle)m 7(y)k 240 fnt1 1028 11154(in)m 1294(recognition)s -2464(of)s 2759(its)s 3058(similarity)s 4050(to)s 4312(the)s -4684(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5432(used)s 5952(in)s -6219(manual)s 7001(typesetting.)s 8238(A)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +0 13256(The)m 468(tree)s +921(can)s 1351(be)s 1673(deeper)s 9(,)k 2448(for)s +2827(e)s 3(xample)k 3730(with)s 4253(sections)s 5114(appearing)s +6150(within)s 6859(chapters)s 7746(which)s 8429(appear)s 0 12968(within)m +680(the)s 1041(body)s 1587(te)s 3(xt,)k 2062(which)s +2717(appears)s 3510(within)s 4191(the)s 4551(\207nal)s 5044(sequence)s +5990(of)s 6273(pages.)s 6995(Document)s 8065(formatting)s 0 12680(languages)m +1024(generally)s 1984(shirk)s 2540(the)s 2905(issues)s 3544(raised)s +4189(by)s 4500(this)s 4912(dual)s 5396(tree)s 5826(structure,)s +6785(by)s 7096(making)s 7884(the)s 8249(dynamic)s 0 12392(tree)m +421(b)s 4(uilt-in,)k 1235(by)s 1537(limiting)s 2354(one)s +2764(or)s 3032(both)s 3523(trees)s 4032(to)s 4279(tw)s 2(o)k +4697(le)s 6(v)k 3(els,)k 5360(and)s 5773(so)s +6047(on,)s 6402(pro)s 3(viding)k 7391(a)s 7565(classic)s +8263(e)s 3(xample)k 0 12104(of)m 295(the)s 667(impo)s 3(v)k 3(erishing)k +2120(ef)s 6(fect)k 2740(of)s 3035(f)s 2(ailing)k +3733(to)s 3997(permit)s 4704(language)s 5648(features)s 6478(to)s +6741(attain)s 7352(their)s 7873(natural)s 8616(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k +0 11816(of)m 271(generality)s 15(.)k 480 11442(W)m 19(e)k +854(are)s 1206(thus)s 1662(led)s 2017(to)s 2261(propose)s +3081(a)s 3252(second)s 3980(abstraction)s 5091(for)s 5434(document)s +6443(formatting,)s 7564(which)s 8211(we)s 8552(name)s 0 11154(the)m +240 fnt3 371 11156(galle)m 7(y)k 240 fnt1 1028 11154(in)m +1294(recognition)s 2464(of)s 2759(its)s 3058(similarity)s 4050(to)s +4312(the)s 4684(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5432(used)s +5952(in)s 6219(manual)s 7001(typesetting.)s 8238(A)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 10866(consists)m 817(of)s 1098(an)s 1391(object)s 2045(\(such)s 2630(as)s 2890(a)s 3066(footnote\))s 4001(together)s 4854(with)s 5346(a)s 5522(sequence)s 6465(of)s 6746(places)s 7404(where)s @@ -9331,6 +9549,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -9358,20 +9578,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5709 -1582(-)m 5837(25)s -6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5709 -1582(-)m 5837(25)s 6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13250(Here)m 1057(is)s 1324(a)s 1547(snapshot)s -2502(of)s 2830(a)s 3053(small)s 3682(dynamic)s 4616(tree,)s -5137(based)s 5797(on)s 6151(the)s 220 fnt5 6556 13247(@P)m 8(ageList)k -240 fnt1 7737 13250(de\207nitions)m 8855(of)s 0 12962(Section)m 774(3.2:)s -6982 3257 0 3257 240 288 60 480 9414 LoutGr2 +480 13250(Here)m 1057(is)s +1324(a)s 1547(snapshot)s 2502(of)s 2830(a)s 3053(small)s +3682(dynamic)s 4616(tree,)s 5137(based)s 5797(on)s 6151(the)s +220 fnt5 6556 13247(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7737 13250(de\207nitions)m +8855(of)s 0 12962(Section)m 774(3.2:)s 6982 3257 0 3257 240 288 60 480 9414 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore -200 fnt3 0 3121(output)m 563(\207le)s gsave +200 fnt3 0 3121(output)m +563(\207le)s gsave 860 0 translate 240 fnt1 0 3257 0 3165 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -9387,8 +9614,8 @@ grestore grestore (A) lfigpromotelabels grestore -1994(r)s 9(oot)k -2370(galle)s 6(y)k gsave +1994(r)s 9(oot)k 2370(galle)s 6(y)k +gsave 1994 2967 translate 240 fnt1 1927 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -9411,10 +9638,9 @@ gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore -160 fnt1 -845 2216(-)m 931(1)s 1035(-)s 410 2000(A)m 563(small)s -140 fnt5 170 1784(@Galle)m 2(y)k 160 fnt1 743(*)s -904 1617 5 1545 160 180 40 853 275 LoutGr2 +160 fnt1 845 2216(-)m 931(1)s +1035(-)s 410 2000(A)m 563(small)s 140 fnt5 170 1784(@Galle)m 2(y)k +160 fnt1 743(*)s 904 1617 5 1545 160 180 40 853 275 LoutGr2 currentdict end 200 dict begin begin grestore 10 10 5 5 160 180 40 0 1540 LoutGr2 @@ -9427,7 +9653,8 @@ grestore grestore (C) lfigpromotelabels grestore -140 fnt5 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k +140 fnt5 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k + grestore gsave 1994 0 translate @@ -9438,11 +9665,10 @@ gsave 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -140 fnt5 -170 201(@P)m 5(ageList 2)k +140 fnt5 170 201(@P)m 5(ageList 2)k grestore -5055 2611(body)m 5490(te)s 4(xt)k -gsave +5055 2611(body)m +5490(te)s 4(xt)k gsave 5055 1974 translate 240 fnt1 1927 483 170 240 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -9454,7 +9680,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -160 fnt1 170 204(paragraph)m +160 fnt1 170 204(paragraph)m + grestore (D) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -9467,8 +9694,8 @@ gsave 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -160 fnt1 -170 171(of)m 351(te)s 2(xt.)k +160 fnt1 170 171(of)m 351(te)s 2(xt.)k + grestore gsave 5055 1034 translate @@ -9479,8 +9706,7 @@ gsave 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -160 fnt5 -170 203(@Input)m +160 fnt5 170 203(@Input)m grestore gsave 0 0 translate @@ -9498,7 +9724,8 @@ grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 +0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap @@ -9512,17 +9739,17 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 8963(The)m 472(components)s -1724(of)s 2039(the)s 2431(body)s 3009(te)s 3(xt)k -3468(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4146(are)s 4537(lines,)s -5139(e)s 3(xcept)k 5864(for)s 6246(the)s 6638(special)s -7400(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8366(symbol)s 220 fnt5 -0 8672(@Input)m 240 fnt1 759 8675(which)m 1393(is)s 1595(a)s -1753(placeholder)s 2920(for)s 3249(as)s 3491(yet)s 3835(unread)s -4536(input)s 5080(\(Section)s 5924(5.4\).)s 6459(The)s 6879(components)s -8079(of)s 8342(the)s 8681(root)s 0 8387(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k -646(are)s 1006(pages,)s 1671(e)s 3(xcept)k 2364(for)s -2715(the)s 3076(concluding)s 4205(une)s 3(xpanded)k 5431(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k +0 8963(The)m 472(components)s 1724(of)s 2039(the)s 2431(body)s +3009(te)s 3(xt)k 3468(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +4146(are)s 4537(lines,)s 5139(e)s 3(xcept)k 5864(for)s +6246(the)s 6638(special)s 7400(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +8366(symbol)s 220 fnt5 0 8672(@Input)m 240 fnt1 759 8675(which)m +1393(is)s 1595(a)s 1753(placeholder)s 2920(for)s 3249(as)s +3491(yet)s 3835(unread)s 4536(input)s 5080(\(Section)s 5924(5.4\).)s +6459(The)s 6879(components)s 8079(of)s 8342(the)s 8681(root)s +0 8387(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 646(are)s 1006(pages,)s +1671(e)s 3(xcept)k 2364(for)s 2715(the)s 3076(concluding)s +4205(une)s 3(xpanded)k 5431(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6498(of)s 220 fnt5 6781 8384(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7845 8387(,)m 7965(which)s 8620(is)s 8843(an)s 0 8099(ine)m 3(xhaustible)k 1328(source)s 2008(of)s 2279(more)s 2826(pages,)s 3478(e)s 3(xpanded)k @@ -9957,6 +10184,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -9984,10 +10213,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1581(-)m 5833(26)s -6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13414 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1581(-)m 5833(26)s 6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13414 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13251(Each)m 521(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k @@ -10001,17 +10236,17 @@ grestore 5569(inde)s 4(x)k 6155(nodes)s 240 fnt1 6780 12589(of)m 7063(v)s 6(arious)k 7823(types.)s 8504(Ev)s 3(ery)k 0 12301(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 922(symbol)s 1681(has)s -2051(a)s 240 fnt3 2216 12303(RECEPTIVE)m 240 fnt1 3529 12301(inde)m 3(x)k -4112(pointing)s 4963(to)s 5201(it,)s 5440(so)s 5705(that)s -6123(it)s 6314(can)s 6703(be)s 6984(found)s 7601(without)s -8391(search)s 8998(-)s 0 12013(ing)m 355(through)s 1152(its)s -1423(component.)s 2646(If)s 2871(the)s 3215(symbol)s 3970(is)s -4175(currently)s 5086(the)s 5429(tar)s 4(get)k 6023(of)s -6290(a)s 6451(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -7118(it)s 7305(has)s 7670(a)s 240 fnt3 7831 12015(RECEIVING)m -240 fnt1 0 11725(inde)m 3(x)k 595(instead)s 1342(which)s -1995(is)s 2217(also)s 2667(link)s 2(ed)k 3332(to)s -3583(the)s 3942(incoming)s 4911(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k +2050(a)s 240 fnt3 2216 12303(RECEPTIVE)m 240 fnt1 3528 12301(inde)m 3(x)k +4111(pointing)s 4962(to)s 5200(it,)s 5438(so)s 5704(that)s +6121(it)s 6312(can)s 6701(be)s 6982(found)s 7598(without)s +8388(search-)s 0 12013(ing)m 355(through)s 1152(its)s 1423(component.)s +2646(If)s 2871(the)s 3215(symbol)s 3970(is)s 4175(currently)s +5086(the)s 5429(tar)s 4(get)k 6023(of)s 6290(a)s +6451(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 7118(it)s +7305(has)s 7670(a)s 240 fnt3 7831 12015(RECEIVING)m 240 fnt1 +0 11725(inde)m 3(x)k 595(instead)s 1342(which)s 1995(is)s +2217(also)s 2667(link)s 2(ed)k 3332(to)s 3583(the)s +3942(incoming)s 4911(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 5652(Galle)s 3(ys)k 6441(that)s 6871(are)s 7229(currently)s 8157(without)s 8960(a)s 0 11437(tar)m 4(get)k 586(are)s 920(link)s 2(ed)k 1560(to)s 1786(the)s 2120(dynamic)s @@ -10155,6 +10390,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10182,31 +10419,37 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(27)s -6124(-)s 9066 13418 0 13309 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(27)s 6124(-)s 9066 13418 0 13309 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13255(able)m 454(to)s 693(undo)s 1226(step)s -1664(4\);)s 1975(otherwise)s 2960(delete)s 3586(the)s 3934(tar)s 4(get.)k -4637(Return)s 5345(to)s 5584(step)s 6022(1)s 6177(and)s -6581(continue)s 7461(immediately;)s 240 fnt3 480 12883(SUSPEND.)m 240 fnt1 -1685 12881(If)m 1928(the)s 2289(component)s 3426(contains)s 4287(a)s -4466(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5402(symbol,)s 6227(it)s -6432(cannot)s 7143(be)s 7438(promoted)s 8426(yet.)s 8896(If)s -0 12593(this)m 392(symbol)s 1148(is)s 1354(the)s 1697(tar)s 4(get)k -2292(of)s 2559(a)s 2720(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -3350(that)s 3764(w)s 2(as)k 4180(written)s 4909(to)s -5144(an)s 5423(auxiliary)s 6321(\207le)s 6678(on)s 6971(a)s -7132(pre)s 6(vious)k 7997(run,)s 8419(read)s 8883(in)s -0 12305(that)m 427(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1071(and)s -1484(\210ush)s 2017(it.)s 2322(Otherwise)s 3370(suspend)s 4209(on)s -4516(the)s 4873(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5805(symbol')s 13(s)k -6729(semaphore;)s 7887(resume)s 8643(later)s 0 12017(from)m 524(step)s -962(4.)s 0 11513(6.)m 284(T)s 16(erminate)k 1305(when)s -1881(the)s 2229(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2863(is)s -3073(empty)s 15(.)k 0 11010(At)m 354(v)s 6(arious)k +0 13255(able)m 454(to)s +693(undo)s 1226(step)s 1664(4\);)s 1975(otherwise)s 2960(delete)s +3586(the)s 3934(tar)s 4(get.)k 4637(Return)s 5345(to)s +5584(step)s 6022(1)s 6177(and)s 6581(continue)s 7461(immediately;)s +240 fnt3 480 12883(SUSPEND.)m 240 fnt1 1685 12881(If)m 1928(the)s +2289(component)s 3426(contains)s 4287(a)s 4466(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +5402(symbol,)s 6227(it)s 6432(cannot)s 7143(be)s 7438(promoted)s +8426(yet.)s 8896(If)s 0 12593(this)m 392(symbol)s 1148(is)s +1354(the)s 1697(tar)s 4(get)k 2292(of)s 2559(a)s +2720(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3350(that)s 3764(w)s 2(as)k +4180(written)s 4909(to)s 5144(an)s 5423(auxiliary)s 6321(\207le)s +6678(on)s 6971(a)s 7132(pre)s 6(vious)k 7997(run,)s +8419(read)s 8883(in)s 0 12305(that)m 427(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +1071(and)s 1484(\210ush)s 2017(it.)s 2322(Otherwise)s 3370(suspend)s +4209(on)s 4516(the)s 4873(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +5805(symbol')s 13(s)k 6729(semaphore;)s 7887(resume)s 8643(later)s +0 12017(from)m 524(step)s 962(4.)s 0 11513(6.)m 284(T)s 16(erminate)k +1305(when)s 1881(the)s 2229(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +2863(is)s 3073(empty)s 15(.)k 0 11010(At)m 354(v)s 6(arious)k 1158(points)s 1850(in)s 2148(this)s 2599(algorithm,)s 3691(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4668(symbols)s 5572(\(and)s 6111(their)s 6663(semaphores\))s 7975(are)s 8378(deleted)s 0 10722(in)m 273(the)s 652(dynamic)s 1560(parent)s @@ -10412,9 +10655,9 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3336 793(')m 13(s)k 3555(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4619(point,)s 5227(and)s 5641(a)s 240 fnt3 5817 795(FOLLO)m 12(WS)k 240 fnt1 6952 793(inde)m 3(x)k 7546(at)s 7787(the)s -8145(\207rst)s 8586(com)s 8998(-)s 0 505(ponent)m 720(of)s -240 fnt3 1000 507(G)m 240 fnt1 1173 505(.)m 1346(The)s -1783(algorithm)s 2781(checks)s 3492(before)s 4167(promoting)s 5226(an)s 3(y)k +8145(\207rst)s 8586(com-)s 0 505(ponent)m 720(of)s 240 fnt3 +1000 507(G)m 240 fnt1 1173 505(.)m 1346(The)s 1783(algorithm)s +2781(checks)s 3492(before)s 4167(promoting)s 5226(an)s 3(y)k 240 fnt3 5632 507(FOLLO)m 12(WS)k 240 fnt1 6767 505(inde)m 3(x)k 7360(that)s 7787(its)s 8072(promotion)s grestore @@ -10428,6 +10671,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10458,28 +10703,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(28)s -6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(28)s 6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(w)m 2(ould)k 661(not)s 1033(place)s -1600(it)s 1798(earlier)s 2472(than)s 2948(the)s 3302(corresponding)s -240 fnt3 4730 13255(PRECEDES)m 240 fnt1 5981 13253(inde)m 3(x)k -6571(in)s 6820(the)s 7175(same)s 7728(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -8406(and)s 8817(re)s 8998(-)s 0 12965(jects)m 486(the)s -831(component)s 1952(if)s 2166(it)s 2355(w)s 2(ould.)k -3113(Since)s 240 fnt3 3697 12967(PRECEDES)m 240 fnt1 4939 12965(and)m -240 fnt3 5340 12967(FOLLO)m 12(WS)k 240 fnt1 6463 12965(inde)m 3(x)k 3(es)k -7236(are)s 7580(rarely)s 8187(used,)s 8730(this)s 0 12677(check)m -619(can)s 1008(be)s 1290(implemented)s 2596(by)s 2890(linear)s -3493(search.)s 480 12303(When)m 1114(tw)s 2(o)k 1529(components)s -2742(are)s 3094(separated)s 4060(by)s 220 fnt5 4359 12300(/)m -240 fnt1 4423 12303(,)m 4535(as)s 4790(opposed)s 5652(to)s -5897(the)s 6250(more)s 6802(usual)s 220 fnt5 7367 12300(//)m -240 fnt1 7492 12303(,)m 7604(each)s 8105(in\210uences)s 0 12015(the)m -358(horizontal)s 1393(position)s 2232(of)s 2514(the)s 2872(other)s 13(.)k +0 13253(w)m 2(ould)k +661(not)s 1033(place)s 1599(it)s 1797(earlier)s 2471(than)s +2946(the)s 3300(corresponding)s 240 fnt3 4728 13255(PRECEDES)m 240 fnt1 +5978 13253(inde)m 3(x)k 6568(in)s 6817(the)s 7171(same)s +7724(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 8402(and)s +8813(re-)s 0 12965(jects)m 486(the)s 831(component)s 1952(if)s +2166(it)s 2355(w)s 2(ould.)k 3113(Since)s 240 fnt3 +3697 12967(PRECEDES)m 240 fnt1 4939 12965(and)m 240 fnt3 5340 12967(FOLLO)m 12(WS)k +240 fnt1 6463 12965(inde)m 3(x)k 3(es)k 7236(are)s +7580(rarely)s 8187(used,)s 8730(this)s 0 12677(check)m 619(can)s +1008(be)s 1290(implemented)s 2596(by)s 2890(linear)s 3493(search.)s +480 12303(When)m 1114(tw)s 2(o)k 1529(components)s 2742(are)s +3094(separated)s 4060(by)s 220 fnt5 4359 12300(/)m 240 fnt1 +4423 12303(,)m 4535(as)s 4790(opposed)s 5652(to)s 5897(the)s +6250(more)s 6802(usual)s 220 fnt5 7367 12300(//)m 240 fnt1 +7492 12303(,)m 7604(each)s 8105(in\210uences)s 0 12015(the)m 358(horizontal)s +1393(position)s 2232(of)s 2514(the)s 2872(other)s 13(.)k 3525(Because)s 4389(of)s 4671(this,)s 5133(the)s 240 fnt3 5492 12017(SUSPEND)m 240 fnt1 6596 12015(action)m 7248(is)s 7468(in)s 7722(f)s 2(act)k 8148(tak)s 2(en)k 8732(if)s @@ -10718,6 +10970,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10752,19 +11006,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5706 -1579(-)m 5834(29)s -6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5706 -1579(-)m 5834(29)s 6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(The)m 220 fnt5 450 13248(@AlignList)m 240 fnt1 -1579 13251(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2236(does)s 2749(not)s -3138(\210ush,)s 3734(because)s 4570(its)s 4868(\207rst)s 5322(component)s -6469(is)s 6702(connected)s 7753(to)s 8015(a)s 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -0 12963(symbol)m 760(by)s 220 fnt5 1054 12960(/)m 240 fnt1 -1178 12963(operators.)m 480 12589(After)m 1048(the)s 1402(last)s 1799(equation,)s -2736(an)s 3025(empty)s 3683(forcing)s 4432(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +0 13251(The)m 220 fnt5 +450 13248(@AlignList)m 240 fnt1 1579 13251(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k +2236(does)s 2749(not)s 3138(\210ush,)s 3734(because)s 4570(its)s +4868(\207rst)s 5322(component)s 6469(is)s 6702(connected)s 7753(to)s +8015(a)s 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 12963(symbol)m +760(by)s 220 fnt5 1054 12960(/)m 240 fnt1 1178 12963(operators.)m +480 12589(After)m 1048(the)s 1402(last)s 1799(equation,)s 2736(an)s +3025(empty)s 3683(forcing)s 4432(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5072(is)s 5288(sent)s 5739(to)s 220 fnt5 5984 12586(@EndAlignList)m 240 fnt1 7420 12589(,)m 7533(deleting)s 8362(the)s 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 12301(remaining)m 1028(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1957(symbols)s @@ -10882,6 +11143,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10912,43 +11175,49 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5704 -1579(-)m 5832(30)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 12991 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5704 -1579(-)m 5832(30)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 12991 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt3 851 13205(l)m 240 fnt4 1013 13197(\243)m -1223(3)s 240 fnt3 1340 13205(i)m 480 12910(l)m 240 fnt4 -618 12902(+)m 240 fnt3 819 12910(r)m 240 fnt4 1013 12902(\243)m -1223(5)s 240 fnt3 1342 12910(i)m 819 12622(r)m 240 fnt4 -1013 12614(\243)m 1223(4)s 240 fnt3 1348 12622(i)m 240 fnt1 -0 12113(Object)m 220 fnt5 697 12110(b)m 240 fnt1 871 12113(may)m -1337(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1838(width)s 240 fnt3 -2440 12115(l)m 240 fnt4 2518 12107(,)m 240 fnt3 2625 12115(r)m -240 fnt1 2783 12113(for)m 3121(an)s 3(y)k 240 fnt3 -3518 12115(l)m 240 fnt1 3644 12113(and)m 240 fnt3 4048 12115(r)m -240 fnt1 4206 12113(satisfying)m 5188(these)s 5735(inequalities,)s 6943(and)s -7347(no)s 7640(others.)s 480 11739(Here)m 1000(is)s 1210(another)s -1987(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt5 480 11238(5i @High { a /2ix b })m 240 fnt1 -0 10737(Assuming)m 1024(that)s 220 fnt5 1442 10734(a)m 240 fnt1 -1619 10737(has)m 1989(height)s 240 fnt4 2647 10731(1)m 240 fnt3 -2753 10739(i)m 240 fnt4 2828 10731(,)m 2935(1)s 240 fnt3 -3041 10739(i)m 240 fnt1 3104 10737(,)m 3211(the)s 3559(height)s -240 fnt3 4217 10739(l)m 240 fnt4 4295 10731(,)m 240 fnt3 -4402 10739(r)m 240 fnt1 4560 10737(of)m 220 fnt5 4831 10734(b)m -240 fnt1 5005 10737(must)m 5530(satisfy)s 240 fnt4 480 10179(1)m -240 fnt3 586 10187(i)m 240 fnt4 721 10179(+)m 922(\()s -1006(\()s 1090(1)s 240 fnt3 1196 10187(i)m 240 fnt4 -1331 10179(+)m 240 fnt3 1532 10187(l)m 240 fnt4 1610 10179(\))m -1760(\255)s 1981(2)s 240 fnt3 2107 10187(i)m 240 fnt4 -2182 10179(\))m 2320(+)s 240 fnt3 2521 10187(r)m 240 fnt4 -2703 10179(\243)m 2913(5)s 240 fnt3 3032 10187(i)m 240 fnt1 -0 9634(This)m 478(time)s 960(the)s 240 fnt4 1325 9628(\255)m -240 fnt1 1539 9634(operation)m 2501(arises)s 3098(from)s 3624(the)s -3975(mark-to-mark)s 5364(g)s 1(ap)k 5765(mode,)s 6406(which)s -7050(will)s 7479(widen)s 8123(the)s 240 fnt4 8474 9628(2)m -240 fnt3 8602 9636(i)m 240 fnt1 8728 9634(g)m 1(ap)k +240 fnt3 851 13205(l)m +240 fnt4 1013 13197(\243)m 1223(3)s 240 fnt3 1340 13205(i)m +480 12910(l)m 240 fnt4 618 12902(+)m 240 fnt3 819 12910(r)m +240 fnt4 1013 12902(\243)m 1223(5)s 240 fnt3 1342 12910(i)m +819 12622(r)m 240 fnt4 1013 12614(\243)m 1223(4)s 240 fnt3 +1348 12622(i)m 240 fnt1 0 12113(Object)m 220 fnt5 697 12110(b)m +240 fnt1 871 12113(may)m 1337(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +1838(width)s 240 fnt3 2440 12115(l)m 240 fnt4 2518 12107(,)m +240 fnt3 2625 12115(r)m 240 fnt1 2783 12113(for)m 3121(an)s 3(y)k +240 fnt3 3518 12115(l)m 240 fnt1 3644 12113(and)m 240 fnt3 +4048 12115(r)m 240 fnt1 4206 12113(satisfying)m 5188(these)s 5735(inequalities,)s +6943(and)s 7347(no)s 7640(others.)s 480 11739(Here)m 1000(is)s +1210(another)s 1987(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt5 480 11238(5i @High { a /2ix b })m +240 fnt1 0 10737(Assuming)m 1024(that)s 220 fnt5 1442 10734(a)m +240 fnt1 1619 10737(has)m 1989(height)s 240 fnt4 2647 10731(1)m +240 fnt3 2753 10739(i)m 240 fnt4 2828 10731(,)m 2935(1)s +240 fnt3 3041 10739(i)m 240 fnt1 3104 10737(,)m 3211(the)s +3559(height)s 240 fnt3 4217 10739(l)m 240 fnt4 4295 10731(,)m +240 fnt3 4402 10739(r)m 240 fnt1 4560 10737(of)m 220 fnt5 +4831 10734(b)m 240 fnt1 5005 10737(must)m 5530(satisfy)s 240 fnt4 +480 10179(1)m 240 fnt3 586 10187(i)m 240 fnt4 721 10179(+)m +922(\()s 1006(\()s 1090(1)s 240 fnt3 1196 10187(i)m +240 fnt4 1331 10179(+)m 240 fnt3 1532 10187(l)m 240 fnt4 +1610 10179(\))m 1760(\255)s 1981(2)s 240 fnt3 2107 10187(i)m +240 fnt4 2182 10179(\))m 2320(+)s 240 fnt3 2521 10187(r)m +240 fnt4 2703 10179(\243)m 2913(5)s 240 fnt3 3032 10187(i)m +240 fnt1 0 9634(This)m 478(time)s 960(the)s 240 fnt4 +1325 9628(\255)m 240 fnt1 1539 9634(operation)m 2501(arises)s 3098(from)s +3624(the)s 3975(mark-to-mark)s 5364(g)s 1(ap)k 5765(mode,)s +6406(which)s 7050(will)s 7479(widen)s 8123(the)s 240 fnt4 +8474 9628(2)m 240 fnt3 8602 9636(i)m 240 fnt1 8728 9634(g)m 1(ap)k 0 9346(if)m 217(necessary)s 1200(to)s 1439(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 220 fnt5 2207 9343(a)m 240 fnt1 2384 9346(and)m 220 fnt5 2788 9343(b)m 240 fnt1 2962 9346(from)m 3486(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlapping.)k @@ -11051,6 +11320,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11085,30 +11356,36 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5714 -1579(-)m 5842(31)s -6117(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5714 -1579(-)m 5842(31)s 6117(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(which)m 642(e)s 3(xpands)k 1475(to)s -1714(eight)s 2252(inequalities:)s 240 fnt3 917 12702(l)m 167 fnt3 -983 12615(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 12694(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 12702(X)m -894 12338(L)m 240 fnt4 1123 12330(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 12338(X)m -528 12047(l)m 167 fnt3 594 11960(i)m 240 fnt4 710 12039(+)m -240 fnt3 911 12047(r)m 167 fnt3 983 11960(i)m 240 fnt4 -1123 12039(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 12047(Y)m 503 11675(l)m 167 fnt3 -569 11588(i)m 240 fnt4 685 11667(+)m 240 fnt3 886 11675(R)m -240 fnt4 1123 11667(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 11675(Y)m 505 11311(L)m -240 fnt4 710 11303(+)m 240 fnt3 911 11311(r)m 167 fnt3 -983 11224(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 11303(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 11311(Y)m -480 10947(L)m 240 fnt4 685 10939(+)m 240 fnt3 886 10947(R)m -240 fnt4 1123 10939(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 10947(Y)m 911 10664(r)m -167 fnt3 983 10577(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 10656(\243)m 240 fnt3 -1333 10664(Z)m 886 10300(R)m 240 fnt4 1123 10292(\243)m 240 fnt3 -1333 10300(Z)m 240 fnt1 0 9793(Three)m 613(are)s 960(already)s -1717(kno)s 6(wn,)k 2471(and)s 2875(slightly)s 3646(rearranging)s -4800(the)s 5148(others)s 5783(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k +0 13253(which)m 642(e)s 3(xpands)k +1475(to)s 1714(eight)s 2252(inequalities:)s 240 fnt3 917 12702(l)m +167 fnt3 983 12615(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 12694(\243)m 240 fnt3 +1333 12702(X)m 894 12338(L)m 240 fnt4 1123 12330(\243)m 240 fnt3 +1333 12338(X)m 528 12047(l)m 167 fnt3 594 11960(i)m 240 fnt4 +710 12039(+)m 240 fnt3 911 12047(r)m 167 fnt3 983 11960(i)m +240 fnt4 1123 12039(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 12047(Y)m 503 11675(l)m +167 fnt3 569 11588(i)m 240 fnt4 685 11667(+)m 240 fnt3 +886 11675(R)m 240 fnt4 1123 11667(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 11675(Y)m +505 11311(L)m 240 fnt4 710 11303(+)m 240 fnt3 911 11311(r)m +167 fnt3 983 11224(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 11303(\243)m 240 fnt3 +1333 11311(Y)m 480 10947(L)m 240 fnt4 685 10939(+)m 240 fnt3 +886 10947(R)m 240 fnt4 1123 10939(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 10947(Y)m +911 10664(r)m 167 fnt3 983 10577(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 10656(\243)m +240 fnt3 1333 10664(Z)m 886 10300(R)m 240 fnt4 1123 10292(\243)m +240 fnt3 1333 10300(Z)m 240 fnt1 0 9793(Three)m 613(are)s +960(already)s 1717(kno)s 6(wn,)k 2471(and)s 2875(slightly)s +3646(rearranging)s 4800(the)s 5148(others)s 5783(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 240 fnt3 869 9242(l)m 167 fnt3 935 9155(i)m 240 fnt4 1075 9234(\243)m 240 fnt3 1285 9242(X)m 869 8870(l)m 167 fnt3 935 8783(i)m 240 fnt4 1075 8862(\243)m 240 fnt3 1285 8870(Y)m @@ -11204,6 +11481,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11231,44 +11510,51 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(32)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13312 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(32)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13312 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt5 480 13255(@P)m 8(ageList)k 480 12967(//)m -480 12679(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k 480 12391(//)m 480 12103(@Chapter {)m -480 11815( @Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 11527( @Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 11239( ...)m -480 10951( @Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 10663(})m 480 10375(@Chapter {)m 480 10087( ...)m -480 9799(})m 240 fnt1 0 9305(Basser)m 702(Lout)s 1220(is)s -1436(able)s 1896(to)s 2141(read)s 2616(and)s 3026(process)s -3800(such)s 4302(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5032(one)s -5440(paragraph)s 6459(at)s 6697(a)s 6869(time)s 7355(\(strictly)s 15(,)k -8194(from)s 8724(one)s 220 fnt5 0 9014(//)m 240 fnt1 -185 9017(at)m 417(the)s 765(outer)s 1316(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k -1826(of)s 2097(a)s 2263(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -2897(to)s 3136(the)s 3484(ne)s 3(xt\),)k 4079(as)s -4329(we)s 4664(no)s 6(w)k 5125(describe.)s 480 8643(When)m -1147(the)s 1534(parser)s 2215(encounters)s 3341(the)s 3727(be)s 3(ginning)k -4774(of)s 5083(a)s 5288(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -5998(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt5 6449 8640(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 -7550 8643(or)m 220 fnt5 7848 8640(@Section)m 240 fnt1 8788 8643(,)m -8934(it)s 0 8355(initiates)m 831(a)s 1023(ne)s 6(w)k -1495(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2155(process.)s 3061(The)s -3515(special)s 4258(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5206(symbol)s -220 fnt5 5991 8352(@Input)m 240 fnt1 6784 8355(is)m 7019(substituted)s -8139(for)s 8502(the)s 8876(as)s 0 8067(yet)m 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9305(Basser)m 702(Lout)s +1220(is)s 1436(able)s 1896(to)s 2141(read)s 2616(and)s +3026(process)s 3800(such)s 4302(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k +5032(one)s 5440(paragraph)s 6459(at)s 6697(a)s 6869(time)s +7355(\(strictly)s 15(,)k 8194(from)s 8724(one)s 220 fnt5 +0 9014(//)m 240 fnt1 185 9017(at)m 417(the)s 765(outer)s +1316(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 1826(of)s 2097(a)s +2263(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2897(to)s 3136(the)s +3484(ne)s 3(xt\),)k 4079(as)s 4329(we)s 4664(no)s 6(w)k +5125(describe.)s 480 8643(When)m 1147(the)s 1534(parser)s 2215(encounters)s +3341(the)s 3727(be)s 3(ginning)k 4774(of)s 5083(a)s +5288(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 5998(lik)s 2(e)k +220 fnt5 6449 8640(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 7550 8643(or)m 220 fnt5 +7848 8640(@Section)m 240 fnt1 8788 8643(,)m 8934(it)s 0 8355(initiates)m +831(a)s 1023(ne)s 6(w)k 1495(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +2155(process.)s 3061(The)s 3515(special)s 4258(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +5206(symbol)s 220 fnt5 5991 8352(@Input)m 240 fnt1 6784 8355(is)m +7019(substituted)s 8139(for)s 8502(the)s 8876(as)s 0 8067(yet)m +357(unread)s 1071(right)s 1588(parameter)s 2607(of)s 2884(the)s +3237(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 3972(As)s +4294(each)s 4795(paragraph)s 5813(of)s 6090(the)s 6443(right)s +6960(parameter)s 7979(is)s 8195(read,)s 8718(it)s 8916(is)s +0 7779(deleted)m 763(from)s 1302(the)s 1665(parse)s 2240(tree)s +2668(and)s 3087(injected)s 3916(into)s 4356(the)s 4719(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k +220 fnt5 5524 7776(@Input)m 240 fnt1 6231 7779(.)m 6410(The)s +6853(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7502(is)s 7727(then)s +8212(resumed.)s 0 7491(The)m 429(parser)s 1074(thus)s 1526(acts)s +1950(as)s 2202(an)s 2487(e)s 3(xtra)k 3022(concurrent)s +4106(process;)s 4937(it)s 5131(has)s 5503(lo)s 6(w)k 5912(priority)s 15(,)k 6721(so)s 6989(that)s 7409(input)s 7963(is)s 8175(read)s 8646(only)s 0 7203(when)m 597(there)s 1151(is)s 1382(nothing)s 2188(else)s 2636(to)s 2897(do.)s @@ -11375,6 +11661,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11406,23 +11694,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5710 -1579(-)m 5838(33)s -6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5710 -1579(-)m 5838(33)s 6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(held)m 466(in)s 704(memory)s 1551(\(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ented)k -2617(by)s 2907(the)s 3250(tar)s 4(get)k 3844(from)s -4364(\210ushing\),)s 5317(or)s 5572(else)s 5994(some)s 6551(forcing)s -7289(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7918(prematurely)s 0 12965(deletes)m -714(the)s 1062(tar)s 4(get,)k 1708(lea)s 4(ving)k -2461(the)s 2809(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3443(bereft.)s -480 12591(The)m 929(typical)s 1655(e)s 3(xample)k 2539(of)s -2832(the)s 3201(latter)s 3771(case)s 4260(occurs)s 4956(when)s -5553(the)s 5922(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6578(is)s -6809(an)s 7113(entry)s 7680(in)s 7944(the)s 8313(table)s -8855(of)s 0 12303(contents,)m 907(launched)s 1832(backw)s 2(ards)k +0 13253(held)m 466(in)s +704(memory)s 1551(\(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ented)k 2617(by)s +2907(the)s 3250(tar)s 4(get)k 3844(from)s 4364(\210ushing\),)s +5317(or)s 5572(else)s 5994(some)s 6551(forcing)s 7289(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +7918(prematurely)s 0 12965(deletes)m 714(the)s 1062(tar)s 4(get,)k +1708(lea)s 4(ving)k 2461(the)s 2809(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +3443(bereft.)s 480 12591(The)m 929(typical)s 1655(e)s 3(xample)k +2539(of)s 2832(the)s 3201(latter)s 3771(case)s 4260(occurs)s +4956(when)s 5553(the)s 5922(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +6578(is)s 6809(an)s 7113(entry)s 7680(in)s 7944(the)s +8313(table)s 8855(of)s 0 12303(contents,)m 907(launched)s 1832(backw)s 2(ards)k 2907(from)s 3435(the)s 3786(be)s 3(ginning)k 4797(of)s 5071(a)s 5241(chapter)s 6007(or)s 6269(section.)s 7113(Its)s 7406(tar)s 4(get)k 8008(in)s 8254(the)s 8606(table)s @@ -11505,6 +11799,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11532,29 +11828,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(34)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(34)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -768 13253(A)m 1073(short)s 1687(paragraph)s 480 12965(of)m -751(te)s 3(xt.)k 0 12512(depending)m 1061(on)s 1368(the)s -1726(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 2645(horizontal)s 3679(space.)s -4384(An)s 4744(unlimited)s 5729(range)s 6326(of)s 6607(paragraph)s -7630(breaking)s 8531(styles)s 0 12224(could)m 590(be)s 872(de\207ned,)s -1684(including)s 2641(ragged)s 3350(right,)s 3908(ragged)s 4617(left,)s -5041(break-and-center)s 9(,)k 6757(and)s 7161(so)s 7427(on.)s -480 11850(In)m 765(Basser)s 1492(Lout,)s 2081(indented)s 2992(paragraphs)s -4122(are)s 4499(produced)s 5477(by)s 5801(preceding)s 6827(them)s -7394(with)s 7906(a)s 8102(horizontal)s 0 11562(concatenation)m 1380(operator)s 9(,)k -2269(for)s 2602(e)s 3(xample)k 220 fnt5 3459 11559(|0.5i)m -240 fnt1 3855 11562(.)m 4014(This)s 4485(has)s 4849(the)s -5192(unfortunate)s 6345(ef)s 6(fect)k 6935(of)s 7201(making)s -7967(an)s 8244(indented)s 0 11274(paragraph)m 1007(into)s 1426(a)s -1586(single)s 2207(component)s 3325(of)s 3590(the)s 3932(enclosing)s -4895(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 5561(so)s -5821(that)s 6233(it)s 6419(will)s 6839(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k +768 13253(A)m 1073(short)s +1687(paragraph)s 480 12965(of)m 751(te)s 3(xt.)k 0 12512(depending)m +1061(on)s 1368(the)s 1726(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k +2645(horizontal)s 3679(space.)s 4384(An)s 4744(unlimited)s 5729(range)s +6326(of)s 6607(paragraph)s 7630(breaking)s 8531(styles)s 0 12224(could)m +590(be)s 872(de\207ned,)s 1684(including)s 2641(ragged)s 3350(right,)s +3908(ragged)s 4617(left,)s 5041(break-and-center)s 9(,)k 6757(and)s +7161(so)s 7427(on.)s 480 11850(In)m 765(Basser)s 1492(Lout,)s +2081(indented)s 2992(paragraphs)s 4122(are)s 4499(produced)s 5477(by)s +5801(preceding)s 6827(them)s 7394(with)s 7906(a)s 8102(horizontal)s +0 11562(concatenation)m 1380(operator)s 9(,)k 2269(for)s 2602(e)s 3(xample)k +220 fnt5 3459 11559(|0.5i)m 240 fnt1 3855 11562(.)m 4014(This)s +4485(has)s 4849(the)s 5192(unfortunate)s 6345(ef)s 6(fect)k +6935(of)s 7201(making)s 7967(an)s 8244(indented)s 0 11274(paragraph)m +1007(into)s 1426(a)s 1586(single)s 2207(component)s 3325(of)s +3590(the)s 3932(enclosing)s 4895(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k +5561(so)s 5821(that)s 6233(it)s 6419(will)s 6839(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 7544(be)s 7820(k)s 2(ept)k 8283(together)s 0 10986(on)m 297(one)s 699(page.)s 1315(Horizontal)s 2392(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3116(solv)s 3(e)k 3674(this)s 4070(problem)s 4927(with)s @@ -11661,6 +11963,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11692,57 +11996,63 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5709 -1582(-)m 5837(35)s -6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13413 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5709 -1582(-)m 5837(35)s 6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13413 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt2 0 12672(6.)m 291(Cr)s 4(oss)k -926(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ences)k +240 fnt2 0 12672(6.)m +291(Cr)s 4(oss)k 926(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ences)k + [ /Dest /LOUT18_677_s6_0_1 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 12240(Cross)m -1064(references,)s 2138(such)s 2622(as)s 2859(`see)s 3286(page)s -3782(57')s 4121(and)s 4512(`see)s 4940(Figure)s 5607(5,)s 16(')k -5871(are)s 6205(a)s 6358(useful)s 6985(b)s 4(ut)k -7334(highly)s 7987(error)s 4(-prone)k 0 11952(feature)m 716(of)s -985(documents.)s 2184(Scribe)s 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10426(running)m 831(header)s -1562(is)s 1806(copied)s 2536(from)s 3094(the)s 3475(title)s -3935(of)s 4240(a)s 4440(nearby)s 5179(chapter)s 9(,)k -6013(and)s 6451(a)s 6651(reference)s 7628(is)s 7872(copied)s -8602(from)s 0 10138(a)m 207(bibliographic)s 1576(database.)s 2604(Making)s -3443(the)s 3832(unity)s 4419(of)s 4731(these)s 5319(applications)s -6566(manifest)s 7489(is)s 7740(an)s 8065(interesting)s 0 9850(language)m -920(design)s 1602(problem.)s 240 fnt2 0 9201(6.1.)m 471(The)s -926(cr)s 4(oss)k 1494(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ence)k +240 fnt1 480 12240(Cross)m 1064(references,)s 2138(such)s 2622(as)s +2859(`see)s 3286(page)s 3782(57')s 4121(and)s 4512(`see)s +4940(Figure)s 5607(5,)s 16(')k 5871(are)s 6205(a)s +6358(useful)s 6985(b)s 4(ut)k 7334(highly)s 7987(error)s 4(-prone)k +0 11952(feature)m 716(of)s 985(documents.)s 2184(Scribe)s 2848([7])s +3163(introduced)s 4242(a)s 4406(method)s 5180(of)s 5449(k)s 2(eeping)k +6256(them)s 6792(up)s 7083(to)s 7320(date)s 7772(automatically)s +0 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@@ -11804,6 +12114,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11831,24 +12143,31 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1581(-)m 5833(36)s -6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1581(-)m 5833(36)s 6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(practice)m 825(e)s 3(xcept)k 1521(one,)s -1988(which)s 2645(may)s 3126(be)s 3422(typi\207ed)s 4226(by)s -4535(the)s 4897(problem)s 5769(of)s 6054(\207nding)s 6801(the)s -7164(number)s 7969(of)s 8255(the)s 8618(page)s 0 12963(on)m -303(which)s 952(the)s 1306(chapter)s 2076(whose)s 2750(tag)s -3102(is)s 220 fnt5 3318 12960(intro)m 240 fnt1 3804 12963(be)m 3(gins.)k -4596(T)s 19(w)k 2(o)k 5074(cross)s 5622(referencing)s -6769(steps)s 7304(are)s 7658(needed,)s 8449(\207rst)s 8887(to)s -220 fnt5 0 12672(@Chapter&&intro)m 240 fnt1 1714 12675(,)m 1821(then)s -2290(from)s 2814(there)s 3347(to)s 220 fnt5 3586 12672(@P)m 8(age&&preceding)k -240 fnt1 5556 12675(,)m 5663(where)s 6303(the)s 6651(page)s -7159(number)s 7950(is)s 8160(kno)s 6(wn.)k 480 12301(Gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k +0 13251(practice)m 825(e)s 3(xcept)k +1521(one,)s 1988(which)s 2645(may)s 3126(be)s 3422(typi\207ed)s +4226(by)s 4535(the)s 4897(problem)s 5769(of)s 6054(\207nding)s +6801(the)s 7164(number)s 7969(of)s 8255(the)s 8618(page)s +0 12963(on)m 303(which)s 952(the)s 1306(chapter)s 2076(whose)s +2750(tag)s 3102(is)s 220 fnt5 3318 12960(intro)m 240 fnt1 +3804 12963(be)m 3(gins.)k 4596(T)s 19(w)k 2(o)k +5074(cross)s 5622(referencing)s 6769(steps)s 7304(are)s 7658(needed,)s +8449(\207rst)s 8887(to)s 220 fnt5 0 12672(@Chapter&&intro)m 240 fnt1 +1714 12675(,)m 1821(then)s 2290(from)s 2814(there)s 3347(to)s +220 fnt5 3586 12672(@P)m 8(age&&preceding)k 240 fnt1 5556 12675(,)m +5663(where)s 6303(the)s 6651(page)s 7159(number)s 7950(is)s +8160(kno)s 6(wn.)k 480 12301(Gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k 1113(our)s 1492(success)s 2260(so)s 2526(f)s 2(ar)k 9(,)k 2886(this)s 3282(last)s 3673(problem)s 4530(pro)s 3(v)k 3(es)k 5213(to)s 5452(be)s 5734(surprisingly)s 6930(dif\207cult.)s 7850(W)s 19(e)k @@ -11944,6 +12263,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11971,28 +12292,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(37)s -6124(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(37)s 6124(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(on)m 301(the)s 654(third,)s 1217(and)s -1625(so)s 1896(on.)s 2305(Cross)s 2906(references)s 3941(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k -4657(lag)s 5007(one)s 5413(run)s 5794(behind)s 6509(the)s -6862(rest)s 7270(of)s 7546(the)s 7899(document;)s 8960(a)s -0 12965(perfect)m 711(cop)s 2(y)k 1217(may)s 1671(be)s -1942(produced)s 2879(by)s 3161(formatting)s 4210(the)s 4547(same)s -5082(v)s 3(ersion)k 5828(twice,)s 6440(e)s 3(xcept)k -7110(in)s 7341(a)s 7495(fe)s 6(w)k 7889(pathological)s -0 12677(cases)m 555(that)s 973(f)s 2(ail)k 1343(to)s -1582(con)s 9(v)k 3(er)k 4(ge.)k 480 12303(Cross)m -1123(referencing)s 2310(in)s 2600(Lout)s 3159(is)s 3416(implemented)s -4769(on)s 5113(top)s 5519(of)s 5837(a)s 6050(simple)s -6790(database)s 7716(system.)s 8591(Each)s 0 12015(database)m 879(is)s -1089(either)s 1692(writable)s 2530(or)s 2790(readable)s 3655(b)s 4(ut)k -4017(not)s 4383(both)s 4867(at)s 5099(once,)s 5658(and)s -6062(holds)s 6633(a)s 6799(set)s 7124(of)s 7395(k)s 2(e)k 3(y-v)k 6(alue)k +0 13253(on)m 301(the)s +654(third,)s 1217(and)s 1625(so)s 1896(on.)s 2305(Cross)s +2906(references)s 3941(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 4657(lag)s +5007(one)s 5413(run)s 5794(behind)s 6509(the)s 6862(rest)s +7270(of)s 7546(the)s 7899(document;)s 8960(a)s 0 12965(perfect)m +711(cop)s 2(y)k 1217(may)s 1671(be)s 1942(produced)s +2879(by)s 3161(formatting)s 4210(the)s 4547(same)s 5082(v)s 3(ersion)k +5828(twice,)s 6440(e)s 3(xcept)k 7110(in)s 7341(a)s +7495(fe)s 6(w)k 7889(pathological)s 0 12677(cases)m 555(that)s +973(f)s 2(ail)k 1343(to)s 1582(con)s 9(v)k 3(er)k 4(ge.)k +480 12303(Cross)m 1123(referencing)s 2310(in)s 2600(Lout)s 3159(is)s +3416(implemented)s 4769(on)s 5113(top)s 5519(of)s 5837(a)s +6050(simple)s 6790(database)s 7716(system.)s 8591(Each)s 0 12015(database)m +879(is)s 1089(either)s 1692(writable)s 2530(or)s 2790(readable)s +3655(b)s 4(ut)k 4017(not)s 4383(both)s 4867(at)s +5099(once,)s 5658(and)s 6062(holds)s 6633(a)s 6799(set)s +7124(of)s 7395(k)s 2(e)k 3(y-v)k 6(alue)k 8384(entries:)s 0 11727(the)m 348(k)s 2(e)k 3(ys)k 833(are)s 1180(ASCII)s 1861(strings,)s 2605(and)s 3009(the)s 3358(v)s 6(alues)k 4014(are)s 4361(Lout)s 4873(objects,)s @@ -12147,6 +12475,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -12174,21 +12504,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(38)s -6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(38)s 6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(more)m 547(is)s 757(required.)s 240 fnt2 -0 12460(7.)m 291(Conclusion)s +0 13253(more)m 547(is)s +757(required.)s 240 fnt2 0 12460(7.)m 291(Conclusion)s [ /Dest /LOUT18_677_s7_0_1 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 12028(Since)m 1054(its)s -1316(public)s 1953(release)s 2657(in)s 2886(October)s 3702(1991,)s -4275(the)s 4609(Basser)s 5292(Lout)s 5790(interpreter)s 6829(has)s -7185(been)s 7680(ported)s 8335(without)s 0 11740(incident)m 819(to)s -1047(a)s 1202(wide)s 1712(v)s 6(ariety)k 2412(of)s -2672(Unix)s 3195(systems)s 3992(and)s 4385(hardw)s 2(are.)k +240 fnt1 +480 12028(Since)m 1054(its)s 1316(public)s 1953(release)s 2657(in)s +2886(October)s 3702(1991,)s 4275(the)s 4609(Basser)s 5292(Lout)s +5790(interpreter)s 6829(has)s 7185(been)s 7680(ported)s 8335(without)s +0 11740(incident)m 819(to)s 1047(a)s 1202(wide)s 1712(v)s 6(ariety)k +2412(of)s 2672(Unix)s 3195(systems)s 3992(and)s 4385(hardw)s 2(are.)k 5425(It)s 5619(w)s 2(as)k 6029(tested)s 6633(e)s 3(xtensi)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 7753(before)s 8408(release)s 0 11452(on)m 293(its)s 565(o)s 6(wn)k 1025(documentation,)s 2549(and)s 2949(the)s 3293(fe)s 6(w)k @@ -12199,26 +12535,25 @@ grestore 3871(appear)s 4568(in)s 4811(mid-1992.)s 480 10790(Se)m 6(v)k 3(en)k 1105(substantial)s 2173(packages)s 3093(of)s 3355(de\207nitions)s 4407(are)s 4746(distrib)s 4(uted)k 5813(with)s 6286(Basser)s 6975(Lout.)s -7582(The)s 8001(Document)s 8998(-)s 0 10502(Layout)m 748(package,)s -1649(and)s 2063(its)s 2349(v)s 6(ariants)k 3160(ReportLayout)s -4560(and)s 4974(BookLayout,)s 6289(pro)s 3(vide)k 7083(the)s -7441(standard)s 8320(features)s 0 10214(that)m 411(all)s 696(documents)s -1776(require:)s 2610(pages,)s 3254(columns,)s 4165(paragraphs,)s 5313(headings,)s -6263(footnotes,)s 7252(\210oating)s 8028(\207gures)s 8722(and)s 0 9926(tables,)m -683(chapters)s 1550(and)s 1973(sections,)s 2870(displays)s 3724(and)s -4148(lists,)s 4658(access)s 5339(to)s 5597(bibliographic)s 6945(databases,)s -7987(cross)s 8549(refer)s 8998(-)s 0 9638(ences,)m 623(and)s -1012(so)s 1263(on)s 1545([11].)s 2092(The)s 2505(BookLayout)s -3748(package)s 4572(has)s 4927(e)s 3(xtra)k 5446(features)s -6237(needed)s 6958(by)s 7237(books,)s 7902(including)s 8843(an)s -0 9350(automatically)m 1355(generated)s 2343(table)s 2864(of)s 3136(contents,)s -4041(Roman)s 4791(page)s 5300(numbers)s 6176(for)s 6515(the)s -6864(pref)s 2(atory)k 7792(material,)s 8682(run)s 8998(-)s -0 9062(ning)m 468(page)s 965(headers,)s 1790(odd)s 2197(and)s -2589(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3078(page)s 3574(layouts,)s -4361(and)s 4754(a)s 4908(sorted)s 5539(inde)s 3(x.)k -6220(The)s 6637(Eq)s 6949(package)s 7778(formats)s 8546(equa)s -8998(-)s 0 8774(tions,)m 572(and)s 976(P)s 3(as)k +7582(The)s 8001(Document-)s 0 10502(Layout)m 748(package,)s 1649(and)s +2063(its)s 2349(v)s 6(ariants)k 3160(ReportLayout)s 4560(and)s +4974(BookLayout,)s 6289(pro)s 3(vide)k 7083(the)s 7441(standard)s +8320(features)s 0 10214(that)m 411(all)s 696(documents)s 1776(require:)s +2610(pages,)s 3254(columns,)s 4165(paragraphs,)s 5313(headings,)s 6263(footnotes,)s +7252(\210oating)s 8028(\207gures)s 8722(and)s 0 9926(tables,)m 683(chapters)s +1550(and)s 1974(sections,)s 2871(displays)s 3726(and)s 4150(lists,)s +4660(access)s 5341(to)s 5600(bibliographic)s 6948(databases,)s 7991(cross)s +8553(refer)s 4(-)k 0 9638(ences,)m 623(and)s 1012(so)s +1263(on)s 1545([11].)s 2092(The)s 2505(BookLayout)s 3748(package)s +4572(has)s 4927(e)s 3(xtra)k 5446(features)s 6237(needed)s +6958(by)s 7237(books,)s 7902(including)s 8843(an)s 0 9350(automatically)m +1354(generated)s 2342(table)s 2863(of)s 3135(contents,)s 4040(Roman)s +4790(page)s 5298(numbers)s 6174(for)s 6513(the)s 6862(pref)s 2(atory)k +7790(material,)s 8679(run-)s 0 9062(ning)m 468(page)s 965(headers,)s +1790(odd)s 2197(and)s 2589(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +3078(page)s 3574(layouts,)s 4361(and)s 4754(a)s 4908(sorted)s +5539(inde)s 3(x.)k 6220(The)s 6637(Eq)s 6949(package)s +7778(formats)s 8546(equa-)s 0 8774(tions,)m 572(and)s 976(P)s 3(as)k 1356(formats)s 2136(P)s 3(ascal)k 2798(programs)s 3752([10];)s 4262(T)s 19(ab)k 4668(formats)s 5448(tables)s 6056([12];)s 6566(and)s 6970(Fig)s 7342(dra)s 3(ws)k 7961(\207gures)s @@ -12271,12 +12606,12 @@ grestore 3382(ported)s 4062(the)s 4420(program,)s 5348(written)s 6092(small)s 6674(de\207nitions,)s 7802(and)s 8217(modi\207ed)s 0 4570(the)m 348(standard)s 1216(packages.)s 480 4196(Future)m 1160(w)s 2(ork)k 1711(could)s -2301(usefully)s 3125(be)s 3(gin)k 3711(with)s 4194(the)s -4542(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ements)k 5955(suggested)s 6957(in)s -7200(this)s 7596(paper:)s 8294(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlap)k -8998(-)s 0 3908(ping)m 489(spanning)s 1418(columns,)s 2346(better)s -2960(semantics)s 3964(for)s 4312(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k -5231(space,)s 5880(and)s 6294(especially)s 7314(horizontal)s 8349(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k +2300(usefully)s 3124(be)s 3(gin)k 3709(with)s 4191(the)s +4539(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ements)k 5951(suggested)s 6953(in)s +7195(this)s 7591(paper:)s 8287(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlap-)k +0 3908(ping)m 489(spanning)s 1418(columns,)s 2346(better)s 2960(semantics)s +3964(for)s 4312(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5231(space,)s +5880(and)s 6294(especially)s 7314(horizontal)s 8349(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 0 3620(Support)m 814(for)s 1147(non-)s 1575(European)s 2544(languages)s 3547(is)s 3752(also)s 4185(needed.)s 5022(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 5977(the)s 6320(main)s 6850(task)s 7291(is)s 7496(the)s @@ -12288,14 +12623,14 @@ grestore 2243(user)s 4(-)k 2705(de\207ned)s 3463(symbols,)s 4364(is)s 4570(en)s 9(visaged;)k 5626(since)s 6168(cross)s 6706(references)s 7733(are)s 8076(easy)s 8550(when)s 0 2756(the)m 343(whole)s -979(document)s 1978(is)s 2182(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k -3136(the)s 3479(only)s 3954(major)s 4565(ne)s 6(w)k -5007(problem)s 5859(is)s 6064(the)s 6406(treatment)s 7362(of)s -7628(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 8402(includ)s 8998(-)s -0 2468(ing)m 359(the)s 707(e)s 3(xpansion)k 1732(and)s -2136(retraction)s 3107(of)s 3378(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -4300(symbols.)s 240 fnt2 0 1719(Note.)m 240 fnt1 657 1720(Since)m -1253(the)s 1610(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2240(w)s 2(as)k +979(document)s 1977(is)s 2182(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k +3135(the)s 3478(only)s 3953(major)s 4564(ne)s 6(w)k +5006(problem)s 5857(is)s 6062(the)s 6405(treatment)s 7360(of)s +7626(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 8400(includ-)s 0 2468(ing)m +359(the)s 707(e)s 3(xpansion)k 1732(and)s 2136(retraction)s +3107(of)s 3378(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4300(symbols.)s +240 fnt2 0 1719(Note.)m 240 fnt1 657 1720(Since)m 1253(the)s +1610(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2240(w)s 2(as)k 2670(written)s 3412(the)s 3768(author)s 4448(has)s 4827(completed)s 5889(a)s 6064(re)s 6(vised)k 6815(v)s 3(ersion)k 7581(of)s 7861(Basser)s 8567(Lout,)s 0 1432(in)m 243(which)s @@ -12322,6 +12657,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -12349,21 +12686,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5706 -1579(-)m 5834(39)s -6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13414 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5706 -1579(-)m 5834(39)s 6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13414 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt2 0 12961(Refer)m 4(ences)k 240 fnt1 -0 12507(1.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1501(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k +240 fnt2 0 12961(Refer)m 4(ences)k +240 fnt1 0 12507(1.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1501(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2244(H..)s 2677(Document)s 3770(F)s 3(ormatting)k 4918(with)s 5436(Lout)s 5888(.)s 6088(T)s 16(ech.)k 6690(Rep.)s 7216(408)s 7659(\(1991\))s 8286(,)s 8429(Basser)s 480 12219(Department)m 1668(of)s 1939(Computer)s 2956(Science,)s 3806(The)s 4234(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5288(of)s 5559(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 6367(Australia)s 7242(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_1 /DEST pdfmark 0 11716(2.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1492(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2227(H..)s 2652(A)s 2910(ne)s 6(w)k 3385(approach)s 4347(to)s 4613(document)s 5645(formatting)s 6646(.)s 6838(T)s 16(ech.)k @@ -12371,7 +12714,7 @@ grestore 1177(Department)s 2365(of)s 2636(Computer)s 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 10925(3.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1491(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2224(H..)s 2647(The)s 3101(Basser)s 3824(Lout)s 4362(Document)s 5445(F)s 3(ormatter)k 6383(,)s 6516(1991)s 6971(.)s @@ -12387,7 +12730,7 @@ grestore 1388(for)s 1726(non-)s 240 fnt3 2154 10063(ftp)m 240 fnt1 2459 10061(sites.)m 3047(All)s 3407(enquiries)s 4334(to)s 4573(jef)s 6(f@cs.su.oz.au.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 9558(4.)m 480(Furuta,)s 1211(Richard,)s 2075(Sco\207eld,)s 2965(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 3710(and)s 4113(Sha)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 4734(Alan.)s 5363(Document)s 6419(formatting)s 7480(systems:)s 8402(surv)s 3(e)k 3(y)k 15(,)k @@ -12395,14 +12738,14 @@ grestore 2554 9272(Computing)m 3673(Surve)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt2 4465 9269(14)m 240 fnt1 4699 9270(,)m 4806(417\211472)s 5700(\(1982\))s 6327(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 8765(5.)m 480(K)s 6(ernighan,)k 1645(Brian)s 2287(W)s 22(.)k 2649(and)s 3107(Cherry)s 15(,)k 3917(Lorinda)s 4789(L..)s 5213(A)s 5497(system)s 6275(for)s 6667(typesetting)s 7824(mathematics)s 9022(.)s 240 fnt3 480 8479(Communications)m 2158(of)s 2439(the)s 2784(A)s 7(CM)k 240 fnt2 3351 8476(18)m 240 fnt1 3585 8477(,)m 3692(182\211193)s 4576(\(1975\))s 5203(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 7977(6.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1488(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2218(H..)s 2638(Fig)s 3033(\211)s 3236(a)s 3425(Lout)s 3961(package)s @@ -12412,30 +12755,30 @@ grestore 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_6 /DEST pdfmark -0 7184(7.)m 480(Reid,)s 1042(Brian)s 1633(K..)s -2033(A)s 2266(High-)s 2813(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k -3406(Approach)s 4410(to)s 4652(Computer)s 5672(Document)s 6732(Production)s -7779(.)s 7946(In)s 240 fnt3 8206 7186(Pr)m 10(oceed)k -8999(-)s 480 6898(ings)m 935(of)s 1217(the)s 1564(7th)s -1926(Symposium)s 3075(on)s 3370(the)s 3717(Principles)s 4755(of)s -5038(Pr)s 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(amming)k 6422(Langua)s 2(g)k 2(es)k -7527(\(POPL\),)s 8377(Las)s 8780(V)s 26(e)k 8999(-)s -480 6610(gas)m 868(NV)s 240 fnt1 1192 6608(,)m 1299(pages)s -1895(24\21131)s 2470(,)s 2577(1980)s 3052(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_7 /DEST pdfmark -0 6103(8.)m -480(Joseph)s 1207(F)s 19(.)k 1443(Ossanna.)s 2436(Nrof)s 6(f/T)k 8(rof)k 6(f)k +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_6 /DEST pdfmark +0 7184(7.)m 480(Reid,)s 1042(Brian)s 1634(K..)s +2034(A)s 2268(High-)s 2815(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k +3409(Approach)s 4413(to)s 4656(Computer)s 5677(Document)s 6737(Production)s +7784(.)s 7952(In)s 240 fnt3 8212 7186(Pr)m 10(oceed-)k +480 6898(ings)m 934(of)s 1216(the)s 1562(7th)s 1924(Symposium)s +3072(on)s 3367(the)s 3713(Principles)s 4751(of)s 5033(Pr)s 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(amming)k +6417(Langua)s 2(g)k 2(es)k 7521(\(POPL\),)s 8371(Las)s +8773(V)s 26(e-)k 480 6610(gas)m 868(NV)s 240 fnt1 +1192 6608(,)m 1299(pages)s 1895(24\21131)s 2470(,)s 2577(1980)s +3052(.)s +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_7 /DEST pdfmark +0 6103(8.)m 480(Joseph)s 1207(F)s 19(.)k +1443(Ossanna.)s 2436(Nrof)s 6(f/T)k 8(rof)k 6(f)k 3605(User')s 13(s)k 4284(Manual)s 5010(.)s 5193(T)s 16(ech.)k 5777(Rep.)s 6285(54)s 6597(\(1976\))s 7224(,)s 7349(Bell)s 7821(Laboratories)s 9019(,)s 480 5815(Murray)m 1251(Hill,)s 1729(NJ)s 2051(07974)s 2645(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 5310(9.)m 480(Knuth,)s 1186(Donald)s 1949(E..)s 240 fnt3 2319 5312(The)m 2731(T)s 2882 5264(E)m 3033 5312(XBook)m 240 fnt1 3675 5310(.)m 3839(Addison-W)s 19(esle)k 3(y)k 5419(,)s 5526(1984)s 6000(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_9 /DEST pdfmark 0 4807(10.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1485(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2212(H..)s 2629(Eq)s 2973(\211)s 3173(a)s 3359(Lout)s 3892(package)s 4752(for)s @@ -12446,16 +12789,16 @@ grestore 8147(Australia)s 9022(.)s 480 4231(\(Contains)m 1461(an)s 1744(appendix)s 2677(describing)s 3726(the)s 4074(P)s 3(as)k 4454(P)s 3(ascal)k 5116(formatter)s 13(.\))k -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_10 /DEST pdfmark 0 3728(11.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1478(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2198(H..)s 2608(A)s 2851(be)s 3(ginners')k 3903(guide)s 4504(to)s 4756(Lout)s 5208(.)s 5385(T)s 16(ech.)k 5964(Rep.)s 6467(409)s 6891(\(1991\))s 7518(,)s 7638(Basser)s -8348(Depart)s 8998(-)s 480 3440(ment)m 1018(of)s 1289(Computer)s -2306(Science,)s 3156(The)s 3584(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k -4638(of)s 4909(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 5717(Australia)s -6592(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_11 /DEST pdfmark +8348(Depart-)s 480 3440(ment)m 1018(of)s 1289(Computer)s 2306(Science,)s +3156(The)s 3584(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 4638(of)s +4909(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 5717(Australia)s 6592(.)s + +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_11 /DEST pdfmark 0 2937(12.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1475(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2193(H..)s 2600(T)s 19(ab)k 3017(\211)s 3207(a)s 3384(Lout)s 3907(package)s 4757(for)s 5106(formatting)s 6177(tables)s @@ -12464,13 +12807,13 @@ grestore 2636(Computer)s 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_12 /DEST pdfmark 0 2146(13.)m 480(Brooks,)s 1279(K)s 6(enneth)k 2141(P)s 26(..)k 2472(Lilac:)s 3068(a)s 3234(tw)s 2(o-vie)k 6(w)k 4183(document)s 5187(editor)s 5744(.)s 240 fnt3 5908 2148(IEEE)m 6490(Computer)s 240 fnt1 7453 2146(,)m 7560(7\21119)s 8091(\(1991\))s 8718(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_13 /DEST pdfmark grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 @@ -12483,6 +12826,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage diff --git a/doc/expert/README b/doc/expert/README index 7dc5b1d..279e143 100644 --- a/doc/expert/README +++ b/doc/expert/README @@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ which just warns about a figure that is not able to be placed on the first possible page, and so has to appear on the next page. Jeffrey H. Kingston -27 July 2007 +19 September 2008 diff --git a/doc/expert/all b/doc/expert/all index 088e722..39e5d1d 100644 --- a/doc/expert/all +++ b/doc/expert/all @@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ Lout Document Formatting System } @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Edition { Version 3.36 -July, 2007 } - @Publisher { @I { @CopyRight Copyright 1991, 2007, Jeffrey + @Edition { Version 3.37 +September, 2008 } + @Publisher { @I { @CopyRight Copyright 1991, 2008, Jeffrey H. Kingston, School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney 2006, Australia.} } @InitialLanguage { English } diff --git a/doc/expert/outfile.ps b/doc/expert/outfile.ps index 68bbc30..58c70ed 100644 --- a/doc/expert/outfile.ps +++ b/doc/expert/outfile.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.36 (July 2007) -%%CreationDate: Fri Jul 27 08:33:39 2007 +%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.37 (September 2008) +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 19 08:42:23 2008 %%DocumentData: Binary %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) @@ -1585,24 +1585,37 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -600 fnt2 1355 12125(An)m -2215(Exper)s -24(t')k 30(s)k 4518(Guide)s 6258(to)s -6902(the)s 3956 10685(Lout)m 616 9245(Document)m 3500(F)s 18(or)k -15(matting)k -6490(System)s 240 fnt2 3544 6059(Jeffre)m 4(y)k 4321(H.)s -4606(Kingston)s 3883 4395(V)m 19(ersion)k 4726(3.36)s 4015 4107(J)m 4(uly)k 24(,)k -4525(2007)s 240 fnt4 0 342(\343)m 240 fnt3 241 340(Cop)m 7(yr)k -3(ight)k -1345(1991,)s 1991(2007,)s 2638(Jeffre)s 4(y)k 3438(H.)s +600 fnt2 1355 12125(An)m 2215(Exper)s -24(t')k 30(s)k +4518(Guide)s 6258(to)s 6902(the)s 3956 10685(Lout)m 616 9245(Document)m +3500(F)s 18(or)k -15(matting)k 6490(System)s 240 fnt2 +3544 6059(Jeffre)m 4(y)k 4321(H.)s 4606(Kingston)s 3882 4395(V)m 19(ersion)k +4725(3.37)s 3637 4107(September)m 12(,)k 4906(2008)s 240 fnt4 +0 342(\343)m 240 fnt3 241 340(Cop)m 7(yr)k -3(ight)k +1345(1991,)s 1991(2008,)s 2638(Jeffre)s 4(y)k 3438(H.)s 3726(Kingston,)s 4771(School)s 5587(of)s 5882(Inf)s 7(or)k -6(mation)k 7143(T)s 28(echnologies)k 3(,)k 8649(The)s 0 52(Univ)m 6(ersity)k 1134(of)s 1432(Sydne)s 4(y)k 2317(2006,)s 2966(A)s 7(ustr)k 2(alia.)k grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -1612,6 +1625,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -1635,32 +1650,41 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -480 fnt5 0 12955(Pr)m 8(eface)k - +480 fnt5 0 12955(Pr)m 8(eface)k [ /Dest /LOUTpreface /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 540 12095(This)m 1016(manual)s 1775(is)s 1984(addressed)s -2985(to)s 3224(those)s 3784(who)s 4250(wish)s 4759(to)s -4997(become)s 5797(e)s 3(xpert)k 6451(users)s 6992(of)s -7263(the)s 7611(Lout)s 8122(document)s 0 11807(formatting)m 1092(system.)s -1952(An)s 2334(e)s 3(xpert)k 3020(user)s 3510(is)s -3752(someone)s 4690(who)s 5188(understands)s 6414(the)s 6794(principles)s -7819(of)s 8122(document)s 0 11519(formatting)m 1083(that)s 1524(Lout)s -2059(embodies,)s 3105(and)s 3532(is)s 3765(able)s 4242(to)s -4503(apply)s 5112(them,)s 5720(for)s 6081(e)s 3(xample)k -6966(to)s 7228(design)s 7933(a)s 8122(document)s 0 11231(format)m -690(or)s 943(a)s 1103(special-purpose)s 2653(package.)s 3595(In)s -3845(contrast,)s 4701(a)s 4861(non-e)s 3(xpert)k 5948(user)s -6400(is)s 6604(someone)s 7505(who)s 7965(simply)s 8663(uses)s -0 10943(Lout)m 512(to)s 751(format)s 1447(documents.)s 480 10569(Chapter)m -1295(1)s 1448(e)s 3(xplains)k 2291(these)s 2836(principles,)s -3883(and)s 4285(it)s 4475(should)s 5170(be)s 5450(read)s -5917(carefully)s 6817(and)s 7219(in)s 7460(sequence.)s 8499(Chap)s -8998(-)s 0 10281(ters)m 412(2)s 604(and)s 1025(3)s +240 fnt1 540 12095(This)m +1016(manual)s 1775(is)s 1984(addressed)s 2985(to)s 3224(those)s +3784(who)s 4250(wish)s 4759(to)s 4997(become)s 5797(e)s 3(xpert)k +6451(users)s 6992(of)s 7263(the)s 7611(Lout)s 8122(document)s +0 11807(formatting)m 1092(system.)s 1952(An)s 2334(e)s 3(xpert)k +3020(user)s 3510(is)s 3752(someone)s 4690(who)s 5188(understands)s +6414(the)s 6794(principles)s 7819(of)s 8122(document)s 0 11519(formatting)m +1083(that)s 1524(Lout)s 2059(embodies,)s 3105(and)s 3532(is)s +3765(able)s 4242(to)s 4503(apply)s 5112(them,)s 5720(for)s +6081(e)s 3(xample)k 6966(to)s 7228(design)s 7933(a)s +8122(document)s 0 11231(format)m 690(or)s 943(a)s 1103(special-purpose)s +2653(package.)s 3595(In)s 3845(contrast,)s 4701(a)s 4861(non-e)s 3(xpert)k +5948(user)s 6400(is)s 6604(someone)s 7505(who)s 7965(simply)s +8663(uses)s 0 10943(Lout)m 512(to)s 751(format)s 1447(documents.)s +480 10569(Chapter)m 1295(1)s 1447(e)s 3(xplains)k 2290(these)s +2834(principles,)s 3881(and)s 4282(it)s 4472(should)s 5166(be)s +5446(read)s 5912(carefully)s 6812(and)s 7213(in)s 7454(sequence.)s +8492(Chap-)s 0 10281(ters)m 412(2)s 604(and)s 1025(3)s 1207(are)s 1571(for)s 1927(reference;)s 2943(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(,)k 4198(the)s 3(y)k 4678(contain)s 5457(descriptions)s 6680(of)s 6969(the)s 7334(detailed)s 8166(operation)s 0 9993(of)m 277(Lout')s 13(s)k @@ -1674,11 +1698,11 @@ grestore [ /Rect [8501 9331 8615 9493] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_program /ANN pdfmark 8501(4)s 8615(])s 8722(and)s 0 9043(de)m 6(v)k 3(eloped)k -1041(continuously)s 2341(since)s 2897(then.)s 3482(This)s 3967(manual)s -4735(w)s 2(as)k 5165(rendered)s 6068(into)s 6502(PostScript)s +1042(continuously)s 2342(since)s 2899(then.)s 3484(This)s 3969(manual)s +4738(w)s 2(as)k 5168(rendered)s 6071(into)s 6506(PostScript)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_preface_1 /DEST pdfmark -7553(by)s 7856(V)s 26(ersion)k 8653(3.36)s 0 8755(of)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_preface_1 /DEST pdfmark +7557(by)s 7860(V)s 26(ersion)k 8658(3.37)s 0 8755(of)m 271(the)s 619(Basser)s 1316(Lout)s 1828(interpreter)s 9(,)k 2919(using)s 3491(the)s 3839(symbols)s 4688(described)s 5662(in)s 5905(the)s 6253(User')s 13(s)k 6914(Guide)s 7555([)s @@ -1695,7 +1719,10 @@ grestore 0 7675(been,)m 559(and)s 963(the)s 1311(encouragement)s 2832(w)s 2(as)k 3253(greatly)s 3970(appreciated.)s grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -1705,6 +1732,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -1728,105 +1757,114 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 fnt5 0 12955(Contents)m - +480 fnt5 0 12955(Contents)m [ /Dest /LOUT20_445_all_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Rect [0 11893 8346 12147] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTpreface /ANN pdfmark -240 fnt5 0 11982(Pr)m 4(eface)k 240 fnt1 1018 11983(..)m -1362(..)s 1706(..)s 2050(..)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s -3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s -4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s -6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s -8242(..)s +240 fnt5 0 11982(Pr)m 4(eface)k +240 fnt1 1018 11983(..)m 1362(..)s 1706(..)s 2050(..)s +2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s +4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s +5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s +7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8940 11983 9066 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7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s - +720 11926(4.4.)m 1184(Chapters)s +2085(and)s 2489(sections)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s +4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s +6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s +8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 11921 9066 12088] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTchapters /ANN pdfmark 8832(92)s [ /Rect [720 11491 8346 11746] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbiblio /ANN pdfmark -720 11581(4.5.)m 1184(Bibliographies)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s -3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s -5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s -7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s -[ /Rect [8838 11576 9066 11743] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbiblio /ANN pdfmark -8838(97)s +720 11581(4.5.)m 1184(Bibliographies)s 3082(..)s +3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s +5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s +6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s +[ /Rect [8838 11576 9066 11743] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbiblio /ANN pdfmark +8838(97)s [ /Rect [720 11146 8346 11400] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTexa_inde /ANN pdfmark 720 11236(4.6.)m 1184(Mer)s 4(ged)k 1982(inde)s 3(x)k 2566(entries)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s @@ -2440,12 +2506,17 @@ grestore [ /Rect [8731 9353 9066 9515] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_587_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 8731(111)s grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -14887 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14887 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -10368 -15420(v)m +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 10368 -15420(v)m +grestore grestore @@ -2470,14 +2541,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -0 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +0 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -2487,6 +2571,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2514,31 +2600,44 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -1417 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -1417 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -9066 13450 0 13450 240 288 60 1417 -14867 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14867 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13450 0 13450 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 fnt5 0 12399(Chapter)m -1819(1.)s 2400(Principles)s +480 fnt5 0 12399(Chapter)m 1819(1.)s 2400(Principles)s + [ /Dest /LOUTprinciples /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 0 11448(The)m 414(Lout)s -911(document)s 1900(formatting)s 2946(language)s 3852(is)s 4047(based)s -4635(on)s 4917(just)s 5307(four)s 5751(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k -6131(ideas:)s 6713(objects,)s 7482(de\207nitions,)s 8584(cross)s 0 11160(references,)m -1087(and)s 1491(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 2328(This)s -2804(chapter)s 3567(concentrates)s 4812(on)s 5109(them,)s 5694(postponing)s -6812(the)s 7160(ine)s 6(vitable)k 8152(details.)s 240 fnt5 -0 10367(1.1.)m 471(Objects)s +240 fnt1 0 11448(The)m 414(Lout)s 911(document)s 1900(formatting)s +2946(language)s 3852(is)s 4047(based)s 4635(on)s 4917(just)s +5307(four)s 5751(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 6131(ideas:)s +6713(objects,)s 7482(de\207nitions,)s 8584(cross)s 0 11160(references,)m 1087(and)s +1491(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 2328(This)s 2804(chapter)s +3567(concentrates)s 4812(on)s 5109(them,)s 5694(postponing)s 6812(the)s +7160(ine)s 6(vitable)k 8152(details.)s 240 fnt5 0 10367(1.1.)m +471(Objects)s [ /Dest /LOUTobjects /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 9891(Since)m 1075(our)s -1462(aim)s 1888(is)s 2106(to)s 2354(produce)s 3189(neatly)s -3835(formatted)s 4829(documents,)s 5981(we)s 6325(should)s 7030(be)s 3(gin)k +240 fnt1 480 9891(Since)m 1075(our)s 1462(aim)s +1888(is)s 2106(to)s 2354(produce)s 3189(neatly)s 3835(formatted)s +4829(documents,)s 5981(we)s 6325(should)s 7030(be)s 3(gin)k 7624(by)s 7926(looking)s 8719(at)s 8960(a)s 0 9603(typical)m 705(e)s 3(xample)k 1568(of)s 1839(such)s 2335(a)s 2501(document:)s 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 480 6769 LoutGr2 @@ -2601,24 +2700,29 @@ grestore 3251(little)s 3747(more)s 4298(complicated)s 5528(than)s 6001(rectangles:)s 240 fnt6 7079 382(objects.)m 240 fnt1 7914 380(An)m 8268(object)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_obje_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_1 /DEST pdfmark 8916(is)s 0 92(a)m 176(rectangle)s 1118(with)s 1611(at)s 1854(least)s 2362(one)s 240 fnt6 2775 94(column)m 3545(mark)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_obje_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_obje_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4112 92(protruding)m 5186(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 5819(and)s 6234(belo)s 6(w)k 6878(it,)s 7128(and)s 7543(at)s 7786(least)s 8294(one)s 240 fnt6 8707 94(r)m 10(ow)k grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -14867 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14867 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -192 fnt5 5907 -15423(1)m +192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5907 -15423(1)m +grestore + grestore grestore @@ -2654,24 +2758,30 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(2)m -240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(2)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s +9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt6 0 13205(mark)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_obje_4 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 557 13203(protruding)m 1621(to)s -1861(the)s 2211(left)s 2589(and)s 2994(right.)s 3611(The)s -4040(simplest)s 4897(objects)s 5627(contain)s 6389(w)s 2(ords)k -7024(lik)s 2(e)k 7438(metempsychosis,)s 0 12915(and)m 404(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -905(one)s 1307(mark)s 1859(of)s 2130(each)s 2625(type:)s -1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 12360 LoutGr2 +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_4 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 +557 13203(protruding)m 1621(to)s 1861(the)s 2211(left)s 2589(and)s +2994(right.)s 3611(The)s 4040(simplest)s 4897(objects)s 5627(contain)s +6389(w)s 2(ords)k 7024(lik)s 2(e)k 7438(metempsychosis,)s +0 12915(and)m 404(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 905(one)s +1307(mark)s 1859(of)s 2130(each)s 2625(type:)s 1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 12360 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 @@ -2689,16 +2799,17 @@ xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -0 52(metempsychosis)m +0 52(metempsychosis)m + grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 11909(The)m 441(rectangle)s 1386(e)s 3(xactly)k -2141(encloses)s 3016(the)s 3377(w)s 2(ord;)k 3993(its)s -4283(column)s 5072(mark)s 5637(is)s 5861(at)s 6107(the)s -6469(left)s 6859(edge,)s 7432(and)s 7850(its)s 8140(ro)s 6(w)k +0 11909(The)m 441(rectangle)s 1386(e)s 3(xactly)k 2141(encloses)s +3016(the)s 3377(w)s 2(ord;)k 3993(its)s 4283(column)s +5072(mark)s 5637(is)s 5861(at)s 6107(the)s 6469(left)s +6859(edge,)s 7432(and)s 7850(its)s 8140(ro)s 6(w)k 8574(mark)s 0 11621(passes)m 668(through)s 1477(the)s 1831(middle)s 2558(of)s 2835(the)s 3190(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case)k 4276(letters.)s 5029(The)s 5463(rectangle)s 6401(and)s 6811(marks)s @@ -2950,7 +3061,7 @@ grestore end end restore grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_obje_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 2287(There)m 655(are)s 1044(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 1808(things)s 2486(to)s 2768(note)s 3278(carefully)s 4222(here.)s 4839(White)s 5522(space)s @@ -2996,6 +3107,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3027,25 +3140,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(1.1.)m -1871(Objects)s 240 fnt5 10370 -1583(3)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(1.1.)m 1871(Objects)s 240 fnt5 10370 -1583(3)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13205(By)m -840(enclosing)s 1836(an)s 2145(object)s 2815(in)s 3085(braces,)s -3828(it)s 4046(is)s 4282(possible)s 5148(to)s 5414(o)s 3(v)k 3(erride)k -6286(the)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_obje_6 /DEST pdfmark -6660(set)s 7011(precedences.)s 8369(Here)s 8916(is)s -0 12917(another)m 777(e)s 3(xpression)k 1854(for)s 2192(the)s -2540(table)s 3060(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 3733(in)s -3976(which)s 4618(the)s 4966(columns)s 5828(are)s 6175(formed)s -6923(\207rst:)s 220 fnt2 996 12416({ USA)m 2089(/0.1i)s 2609(W)s 8(ashington })k +480 13205(By)m 840(enclosing)s 1836(an)s 2145(object)s +2815(in)s 3085(braces,)s 3828(it)s 4046(is)s 4282(possible)s +5148(to)s 5414(o)s 3(v)k 3(erride)k 6286(the)s + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_6 /DEST pdfmark +6660(set)s 7011(precedences.)s 8369(Here)s 8916(is)s 0 12917(another)m +777(e)s 3(xpression)k 1854(for)s 2192(the)s 2540(table)s +3060(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 3733(in)s 3976(which)s +4618(the)s 4966(columns)s 5828(are)s 6175(formed)s 6923(\207rst:)s +220 fnt2 996 12416({ USA)m 2089(/0.1i)s 2609(W)s 8(ashington })k 480 12128(|0.2i)m 996({ A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 2089(/)s 2609(Canberr)s 2(a })k 240 fnt1 0 11634(Braces)m 701(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1202(no)s 1495(ef)s 6(fect)k 2091(other)s 2642(than)s @@ -3054,7 +3174,7 @@ grestore 1569(br)s 8(eaking)k 240 fnt1 2476 11260(occurs)m 3160(when)s 3746(an)s 4038(object)s 4692(is)s 4911(too)s 5280(wide)s 5810(to)s 6059(\207t)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_obje_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_7 /DEST pdfmark 6327(into)s 6762(the)s 7119(space)s 7716(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8633(to)s 8882(it;)s 0 10972(by)m 286(breaking)s 1168(its)s 1436(paragraphs)s 2527(into)s @@ -3088,38 +3208,38 @@ grestore 2526(w)s 2(ould)k 3206(come)s 480 4438(true.)m 1025(The)s 1464(king)s 1954(of)s 2235(Scotland)s 3141(at)s 3384(this)s 480 4150(time)m 959(w)s 2(as)k 1379(Duncan.)s 2287(Encouraged)s -3486(by)s 480 3862(his)m 818(wife,)s 1357(Macbeth)s 2259(murdered)s -3242(Dun)s 3652(-)s 480 3574(can.)m 995(He)s 1350(w)s 2(as)k -1790(thus)s 2260(enabled)s 3081(to)s 3340(suc)s 3652(-)s -480 3286(ceed)m 976(Duncan)s 1778(as)s 2028(king.)s 2618(\(51)s -2972(w)s 2(ords\))k 4440 5590(Encouraged)m 5653(by)s 5960(his)s -6302(wife,)s 6846(Macbeth)s 4440 5302(achie)m 6(v)k 3(ed)k -5409(his)s 5809(ambition)s 6786(and)s 7260(real)s 7612(-)s -4440 5014(ized)m 4910(the)s 5272(prediction)s 6312(of)s 6597(the)s -6959(witches)s 4440 4726(by)m 4731(murdering)s 5776(Duncan)s 6574(and)s -6974(becom)s 7612(-)s 4440 4438(ing)m 4818(king)s 5316(of)s -5606(Scotland)s 6520(in)s 6782(his)s 7132(place.)s 4440 4150(\(26)m -4812(w)s 2(ords\))k 0 2783(A)m 232(paragraph)s 1247(of)s -1520(te)s 3(xt)k 1937(can)s 2328(be)s 2612(included)s -3496(an)s 3(ywhere,)k 4533(and)s 4939(it)s 5133(will)s -5561(be)s 5845(brok)s 2(en)k 6567(automatically)s 7923(if)s -8143(necessary)s 0 2495(to)m 239(\207t)s 498(the)s 846(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k -1754(space.)s 2449(The)s 2877(spaces)s 3552(between)s 4406(w)s 2(ords)k -5040(are)s 5387(con)s 9(v)k 3(erted)k 6376(into)s -6801(concatenation)s 8186(symbols.)s 480 2121(These)m 1136(are)s 1512(the)s -1889(most)s 2443(signi\207cant)s 3528(of)s 3828(Lout')s 13(s)k -4519(object-b)s 4(uilding)k 6058(symbols.)s 7049(There)s 7691(are)s -8067(others,)s 8788(for)s 0 1833(changing)m 924(fonts,)s 1501(controlling)s -2596(paragraph)s 3601(breaking,)s 4538(printing)s 5340(graphical)s 6277(objects)s -6997(lik)s 2(e)k 7402(box)s 3(es)k 8001(and)s -8397(circles,)s 0 1545(and)m 404(so)s 670(on,)s 1017(b)s 4(ut)k -1379(the)s 3(y)k 1842(do)s 2135(not)s 2501(add)s -2905(an)s 3(ything)k 3793(ne)s 6(w)k 4240(in)s -4483(principle.)s +3486(by)s 480 3862(his)m 817(wife,)s 1356(Macbeth)s 2257(murdered)s +3239(Dun-)s 480 3574(can.)m 994(He)s 1347(w)s 2(as)k +1787(thus)s 2255(enabled)s 3075(to)s 3333(suc-)s 480 3286(ceed)m +976(Duncan)s 1778(as)s 2028(king.)s 2618(\(51)s 2972(w)s 2(ords\))k +4440 5590(Encouraged)m 5653(by)s 5960(his)s 6302(wife,)s 6846(Macbeth)s +4440 5302(achie)m 6(v)k 3(ed)k 5407(his)s 5806(ambition)s +6782(and)s 7255(real-)s 4440 5014(ized)m 4910(the)s 5272(prediction)s +6312(of)s 6597(the)s 6959(witches)s 4440 4726(by)m 4731(murdering)s +5776(Duncan)s 6574(and)s 6974(becom-)s 4440 4438(ing)m 4818(king)s +5316(of)s 5606(Scotland)s 6520(in)s 6782(his)s 7132(place.)s +4440 4150(\(26)m 4812(w)s 2(ords\))k 0 2783(A)m 232(paragraph)s +1247(of)s 1520(te)s 3(xt)k 1937(can)s 2328(be)s +2612(included)s 3496(an)s 3(ywhere,)k 4533(and)s 4939(it)s +5133(will)s 5561(be)s 5845(brok)s 2(en)k 6567(automatically)s +7923(if)s 8143(necessary)s 0 2495(to)m 239(\207t)s 498(the)s +846(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 1754(space.)s 2449(The)s +2877(spaces)s 3552(between)s 4406(w)s 2(ords)k 5040(are)s +5387(con)s 9(v)k 3(erted)k 6376(into)s 6801(concatenation)s +8186(symbols.)s 480 2121(These)m 1136(are)s 1512(the)s 1889(most)s +2443(signi\207cant)s 3528(of)s 3828(Lout')s 13(s)k 4519(object-b)s 4(uilding)k +6058(symbols.)s 7049(There)s 7691(are)s 8067(others,)s 8788(for)s +0 1833(changing)m 924(fonts,)s 1501(controlling)s 2596(paragraph)s 3601(breaking,)s +4538(printing)s 5340(graphical)s 6277(objects)s 6997(lik)s 2(e)k +7402(box)s 3(es)k 8001(and)s 8397(circles,)s 0 1545(and)m +404(so)s 670(on,)s 1017(b)s 4(ut)k 1379(the)s 3(y)k +1842(do)s 2135(not)s 2501(add)s 2905(an)s 3(ything)k +3793(ne)s 6(w)k 4240(in)s 4483(principle.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 +0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -3130,6 +3250,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3161,42 +3283,49 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(4)m -240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(4)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s +9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt5 0 13203(1.2.)m 471(De\207nitions)s +240 fnt5 0 13203(1.2.)m 471(De\207nitions)s + [ /Dest /LOUTdefinitions /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 12772(The)m -897(features)s 1691(of)s 1950(Lout)s 2451(are)s 2786(v)s 3(ery)k -3250(general.)s 4105(The)s 3(y)k 4637(do)s 4918(not)s -5272(assume)s 6020(that)s 6427(documents)s 7503(are)s 7838(composed)s -8855(of)s 0 12484(pages,)m 637(nor)s 1001(that)s 1403(there)s -1921(are)s 2252(such)s 2733(things)s 3353(as)s 3588(mar)s 4(gins)k -4389(and)s 4778(footnotes,)s 5759(for)s 6082(e)s 3(xample.)k -240 fnt6 7037 12486(De\207nitions)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_defi_1 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 8127 12484(bridge)m 8778(the)s -0 12196(g)m 1(ap)k 397(between)s 1249(Lout')s 13(s)k -1910(general)s 2666(features)s 3470(and)s 3873(the)s 4219(special)s -4935(features)s 5740(\211)s 5918(footnotes,)s 6913(equations,)s 7936(pages)s -8530(\211)s 8708(that)s 0 11908(particular)m 991(documents)s 2097(require.)s -2954(The)s 3(y)k 3515(hold)s 4017(the)s 4382(instr)s -4806(uct)s 5098(ions)s 5566(for)s 5922(producing)s 6963(these)s -7528(special)s 8264(features,)s 0 11620(con)m 9(v)k 3(eniently)k -1278(packaged)s 2240(ready)s 2825(for)s 3163(use.)s 480 11246(F)m 3(or)k -885(e)s 3(xample,)k 1815(consider)s 2701(the)s 3065(challenge)s -4054(posed)s 4687(by)s 4997(`)s 5058(T)s 5154 11198(E)m -5261 11246(X)m 5430(',)s 5632(which)s 6290(is)s 6517(the)s -6881(name)s 7471(of)s 7758(one)s 8176(of)s 8464(Lout')s 13(s)k -0 10958(most)m 525(illustrious)s 1531(ri)s 6(v)k 6(als)k -2100([)s +240 fnt1 480 12772(The)m 897(features)s 1691(of)s 1950(Lout)s +2451(are)s 2786(v)s 3(ery)k 3250(general.)s 4105(The)s 3(y)k +4637(do)s 4918(not)s 5272(assume)s 6020(that)s 6427(documents)s +7503(are)s 7838(composed)s 8855(of)s 0 12484(pages,)m 637(nor)s +1001(that)s 1403(there)s 1921(are)s 2252(such)s 2733(things)s +3353(as)s 3588(mar)s 4(gins)k 4389(and)s 4778(footnotes,)s +5759(for)s 6082(e)s 3(xample.)k 240 fnt6 7037 12486(De\207nitions)m + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_1 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 8127 12484(bridge)m 8778(the)s 0 12196(g)m 1(ap)k +397(between)s 1249(Lout')s 13(s)k 1910(general)s 2666(features)s +3470(and)s 3873(the)s 4219(special)s 4935(features)s 5740(\211)s +5918(footnotes,)s 6913(equations,)s 7936(pages)s 8530(\211)s 8708(that)s +0 11908(particular)m 991(documents)s 2097(require.)s 2954(The)s 3(y)k +3515(hold)s 4017(the)s 4382(instr)s 4806(uct)s 5098(ions)s +5566(for)s 5922(producing)s 6963(these)s 7528(special)s 8264(features,)s +0 11620(con)m 9(v)k 3(eniently)k 1278(packaged)s 2240(ready)s +2825(for)s 3163(use.)s 480 11246(F)m 3(or)k 885(e)s 3(xample,)k +1815(consider)s 2701(the)s 3065(challenge)s 4054(posed)s 4687(by)s +4997(`)s 5058(T)s 5154 11198(E)m 5261 11246(X)m 5430(',)s +5632(which)s 6290(is)s 6517(the)s 6881(name)s 7471(of)s +7758(one)s 8176(of)s 8464(Lout')s 13(s)k 0 10958(most)m +525(illustrious)s 1531(ri)s 6(v)k 6(als)k 2100([)s + [ /Rect [2171 10955 2284 11122] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark 2171(6)s 2284(].)s 2527(Lout)s 3039(solv)s 3(es)k 3685(it)s 3877(easily)s 4488(enough,)s 5301(lik)s 2(e)k @@ -3217,7 +3346,7 @@ grestore 250(the)s 598(author)s 1269(did)s 1633(earlier)s 2301(in)s 2544(this)s 2940(paragraph.)s 480 7306(A)m 240 fnt6 706 7308(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_defi_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1440 7306(is)m 1646(a)s 1808(name,)s 2429(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 2837 7303(@T)m 26(eX)k 240 fnt1 3432 7306(,)m 3535(which)s 4172(stands)s 4817(for)s 5151(something)s 6197(other)s @@ -3231,12 +3360,12 @@ grestore 2629(says)s 3090(what)s 3613(the)s 3959(symbol)s 4717(stands)s 5364(for)s 13(.)k 5791(The)s 240 fnt6 6217 6732(body)m 240 fnt1 6737 6730(of)m 7006(a)s 7170(de\207nition)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_defi_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_3 /DEST pdfmark 8142(is)s 8350(the)s 8695(part)s 0 6442(follo)m 6(wing)k 977(the)s 1325(name,)s 1950(between)s 2804(the)s 3152(braces.)s 3926(T)s 19(o)k 240 fnt6 4226 6444(in)m 9(vok)k 2(e)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_defi_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4892 6442(a)m 5058(symbol)s 5818(is)s 6028(to)s 6267(mak)s 2(e)k 6839(use)s 7214(of)s 7485(it.)s 480 6068(Another)m 1324(e)s 3(xpression)k @@ -3261,7 +3390,7 @@ grestore 1963(that)s 220 fnt2 2398 1482(@Super)m 240 fnt1 3283 1485(has)m 3669(tw)s 2(o)k 240 fnt6 4096 1487(par)m 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 5176 1485(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_defi_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 5300 1482(x)m 240 fnt1 5485 1485(and)m 220 fnt2 5906 1482(y)m 240 fnt1 6014 1485(.)m 6194(When)s 220 fnt2 6840 1482(@Super)m 240 fnt1 7725 1485(is)m @@ -3291,6 +3420,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3322,44 +3453,50 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1579(1.2.)m -1871(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt5 10370 -1582(5)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1579(1.2.)m 1871(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt5 10370 -1582(5)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13369 0 13260 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13206(is)m -210(equal)s 783(to)s 220 fnt2 480 12705(@OneRo)m 3(w { | -2p @F)k 6(ont { Slope @F)k 6(ont n } ^/0.5fk 2 })k -240 fnt1 0 12154(and)m 404(so)s 670(comes)s 1332(out)s -1698(as)s 200 fnt6 2062 12284(n)m 240 fnt1 1948 12154(2)m -2157(.)s 480 11780(Lout)m 994(permits)s 1764(de\207nitions)s 2828(to)s -3070(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k 3765(themselv)s 3(es,)k -4934(a)s 5103(peculiarly)s 6115(circular)s 6905(thing)s 7453(to)s -7695(do)s 7991(which)s 8636(goes)s 0 11492(by)m 294(the)s -642(name)s 1216(of)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_defi_6 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt6 1487 11494(r)m 8(ecur)k 2(sion.)k -240 fnt1 2548 11492(Here)m 3068(is)s 3278(an)s 3561(e)s 3(xample)k -4424(of)s 4695(a)s 4861(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -5783(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt2 480 10991(def @Leaders { ..)m 13( @Leaders })k 240 fnt1 -0 10497(The)m 418(usual)s 968(rule)s 1384(is)s 1584(that)s -1991(the)s 2329(v)s 6(alue)k 2886(of)s 3147(an)s -3420(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4463(of)s 4724(a)s -4879(symbol)s 5629(is)s 5828(a)s 5984(cop)s 2(y)k -6492(of)s 6752(the)s 7090(body)s 7613(of)s 7874(the)s -8211(symbol')s 13(s)k 0 10209(de\207nition,)m 1024(so)s 1290(the)s -1638(v)s 6(alue)k 2206(of)s 220 fnt2 2477 10206(@Leaders)m -240 fnt1 3546 10209(must)m 4071(be)s 220 fnt2 480 9727(..)m 13( @Leaders)k -240 fnt1 0 9272(But)m 406(no)s 6(w)k 867(this)s -1263(rule)s 1690(applies)s 2418(to)s 2657(this)s 3053(ne)s 6(w)k -3500(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4554(of)s 220 fnt2 -4825 9269(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 5834 9272(;)m 5946(substituting)s 7115(its)s -7391(body)s 7925(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 220 fnt2 -480 8771(..)m 13( ..)k 13( @Leaders)k 240 fnt1 0 8316(and)m -408(so)s 679(on)s 980(fore)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 13(.)k +0 13206(is)m 210(equal)s 783(to)s 220 fnt2 +480 12705(@OneRo)m 3(w { | -2p @F)k 6(ont { Slope @F)k 6(ont n } ^/0.5fk 2 })k 240 fnt1 +0 12154(and)m 404(so)s 670(comes)s 1332(out)s 1698(as)s +200 fnt6 2062 12284(n)m 240 fnt1 1948 12154(2)m 2157(.)s +480 11780(Lout)m 994(permits)s 1764(de\207nitions)s 2828(to)s 3070(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k +3765(themselv)s 3(es,)k 4934(a)s 5103(peculiarly)s 6115(circular)s +6905(thing)s 7453(to)s 7695(do)s 7991(which)s 8636(goes)s +0 11492(by)m 294(the)s 642(name)s 1216(of)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_6 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt6 +1487 11494(r)m 8(ecur)k 2(sion.)k 240 fnt1 2548 11492(Here)m +3068(is)s 3278(an)s 3561(e)s 3(xample)k 4424(of)s +4695(a)s 4861(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5783(de\207nition:)s +220 fnt2 480 10991(def @Leaders { ..)m 13( @Leaders })k 240 fnt1 0 10497(The)m +418(usual)s 968(rule)s 1384(is)s 1584(that)s 1991(the)s +2329(v)s 6(alue)k 2886(of)s 3147(an)s 3420(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k +4463(of)s 4724(a)s 4879(symbol)s 5629(is)s 5828(a)s +5984(cop)s 2(y)k 6492(of)s 6752(the)s 7090(body)s +7613(of)s 7874(the)s 8211(symbol')s 13(s)k 0 10209(de\207nition,)m +1024(so)s 1290(the)s 1638(v)s 6(alue)k 2206(of)s +220 fnt2 2477 10206(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 3546 10209(must)m 4071(be)s +220 fnt2 480 9727(..)m 13( @Leaders)k 240 fnt1 0 9272(But)m +406(no)s 6(w)k 867(this)s 1263(rule)s 1690(applies)s +2418(to)s 2657(this)s 3053(ne)s 6(w)k 3500(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k +4554(of)s 220 fnt2 4825 9269(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 5834 9272(;)m +5946(substituting)s 7115(its)s 7391(body)s 7925(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k +220 fnt2 480 8771(..)m 13( ..)k 13( @Leaders)k 240 fnt1 +0 8316(and)m 408(so)s 679(on)s 980(fore)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 13(.)k 1816(In)s 2076(order)s 2645(to)s 2888(mak)s 2(e)k 3465(this)s 3865(useful,)s 4561(an)s 4848(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5907(of)s 6182(a)s 6353(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k @@ -3416,7 +3553,7 @@ grestore 6918(may)s 7379(be)s 7656(used)s 8148(to)s 8382(specify)s 0 1312(the)m 240 fnt6 348 1314(pa)m 2(g)k 2(e)k 863(layout)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_defi_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_7 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1525 1312(of)m 1796(a)s 1962(document.)s 3070(T)s 19(o)k 3370(be)s 3(gin)k 3956(with,)s 4488(we)s 4823(can)s 5212(de\207ne)s 5853(a)s 6019(page)s @@ -3435,6 +3572,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3469,18 +3608,24 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(6)m -240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(6)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s +9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(def @P)m 8(age)k 480 12919({)m 480 12631( //1i ||1i)m -480 12343( 6i @Wide 9.5i @High)m 480 12055( { @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace //1r)k -8(t @F)k 6(ootSect })k +220 fnt2 480 13207(def @P)m 8(age)k +480 12919({)m 480 12631( //1i ||1i)m 480 12343( 6i @Wide 9.5i @High)m 480 12055( { @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace //1r)k -8(t @F)k 6(ootSect })k 480 11767( ||1i //1i)m 480 11479(})m 240 fnt1 0 10985(No)m 6(w)k 220 fnt2 520 10982(@P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 1306 10985(is)m 1523(an)s 1813(eight)s 2358(by)s 2659(ele)s 6(v)k 3(en)k @@ -3532,6 +3677,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3566,10 +3713,17 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1579(1.2.)m -1871(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt5 10368 -1582(7)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1579(1.2.)m 1871(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt5 10368 -1582(7)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13369 0 13369 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -3578,20 +3732,19 @@ grestore gsave 480 0 translate 1.0867 1.0000 scale -160 fnt2 -0 12608(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt4 890 12594(\336)m gsave +160 fnt2 0 12608(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt4 +890 12594(\336)m gsave 1220 10875 translate -220 fnt2 -1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic +220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore -160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k - +160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k +170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore -160 fnt2 1220 10645(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt4 3267 12594(\336)m -gsave +160 fnt2 1220 10645(@P)m 6(ageList)k +220 fnt4 3267 12594(\336)m gsave 3597 10875 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -3716,6 +3869,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3747,27 +3902,34 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(8)m -240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(8)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s +9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(and)m 404(so)s 670(on)s 967(for)s 1305(arbitrarily)s -2312(man)s 3(y)k 2895(footnotes.)s 480 12831(W)m 19(e)k -852(will)s 1281(see)s 1646(in)s 1892(the)s 2244(ne)s 3(xt)k -2716(section)s 3454(ho)s 6(w)k 3918(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k -5063(of)s 220 fnt2 5337 12828(@P)m 8(ageList,)k 6511(@F)s 6(ootSect)k -240 fnt1 7665 12831(and)m 220 fnt2 8073 12828(@F)m 6(ootList)k -240 fnt1 0 12543(are)m 356(replaced)s 1232(by)s 1535(their)s -2041(bodies)s 2726(only)s 3216(when)s 3801(the)s 4158(need)s -4677(to)s 4925(insert)s 5524(te)s 3(xt)k 5949(and)s -6362(footnotes)s 7312(obliges)s 8063(Lout)s 8584(to)s 8833(do)s -0 12255(so;)m 352(otherwise)s 1364(the)s 1740(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k +0 13205(and)m 404(so)s 670(on)s +967(for)s 1305(arbitrarily)s 2312(man)s 3(y)k 2895(footnotes.)s +480 12831(W)m 19(e)k 852(will)s 1281(see)s 1646(in)s +1892(the)s 2244(ne)s 3(xt)k 2716(section)s 3454(ho)s 6(w)k +3918(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 5063(of)s 220 fnt2 +5337 12828(@P)m 8(ageList,)k 6511(@F)s 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 +7665 12831(and)m 220 fnt2 8073 12828(@F)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt1 +0 12543(are)m 356(replaced)s 1232(by)s 1535(their)s 2041(bodies)s +2726(only)s 3216(when)s 3801(the)s 4158(need)s 4677(to)s +4925(insert)s 5524(te)s 3(xt)k 5949(and)s 6362(footnotes)s +7312(obliges)s 8063(Lout)s 8584(to)s 8833(do)s 0 12255(so;)m +352(otherwise)s 1364(the)s 1740(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 2908(are)s 3283(replaced)s 4177(by)s 220 fnt2 4499 12252(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5084 12255(.)m 5275(In)s 5559(this)s 5982(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 6499(the)s 6874(right)s 7413(number)s 8231(of)s 8530(pages)s @@ -3793,7 +3955,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTcross /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8554(A)m 705(cross)s 1241(reference)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_cros_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_1 /DEST pdfmark 2178(in)s 2415(common)s 3304(terminology)s 4521(is)s 4725(something)s 5769(lik)s 2(e)k 6176(`see)s 6610(T)s 19(able)k 7185(6')s 7411(or)s 7664(`see)s @@ -3810,14 +3972,14 @@ grestore 2002(page)s 2510(63,)s 2857(and)s 3261(all)s 3554(the)s 3902(cross)s 4444(references)s 5475(must)s 6000(be)s 6282(changed.)s 480 7316(The)m 918(Scribe)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_cros_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_2 /DEST pdfmark 1595(document)s 2609(formatter)s 9(,)k 3605(de)s 6(v)k 3(eloped)k 4649(by)s 4953(Brian)s 5552(K.)s 5839(Reid)s 6360([)s [ /Rect [6431 7315 6539 7474] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTreid1980scribe /ANN pdfmark 6431(7)s 6539(],)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_cros_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_3 /DEST pdfmark 6736(introduced)s 7827(a)s 8004(scheme)s 8788(for)s 0 7028(k)m 2(eeping)k 804(track)s 1337(of)s 1603(cross)s 2140(references.)s 3279(It)s 3479(allo)s 6(ws)k 4143(you)s 4553(to)s 4787(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k @@ -3882,6 +4044,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3913,10 +4077,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1578(1.3.)m -1871(Cr)s 10(oss)k 2475(r)s 8(efer)k 8(ences)k +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1578(1.3.)m 1871(Cr)s 10(oss)k 2475(r)s 8(efer)k 8(ences)k 240 fnt5 10369 -1581(9)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13370 0 13261 240 288 60 LoutGraphic @@ -3932,18 +4102,18 @@ grestore 3169(reference)s 4109(and)s 4511(ending)s 5213(at)s 5443(the)s 5788(top)s 6145(of)s 6413(the)s 6759(tar)s 4(get)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_cros_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_4 /DEST pdfmark 7355(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation.)k 8513(Three)s 0 12631(special)m 715(v)s 6(alues)k 1367(may)s 1830(be)s 2108(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2685(to)s 2920(the)s 3264(right)s 3772(parameter)s 4782(of)s 220 fnt2 5050 12628(&&)m 240 fnt1 5338 12631(:)m 220 fnt2 5500 12628(preceding)m 240 fnt1 6451 12631(,)m 220 fnt2 6555 12628(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 7385 12631(,)m 7488(and)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_cros_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_5 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_cros_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_6 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_cros_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 7888 12628(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt1 9022 12631(.)m 0 12343(The)m 467(cross)s 1049(reference)s 220 fnt2 2032 12340(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&preceding)k 240 fnt1 @@ -3987,11 +4157,11 @@ grestore 8095(references)s 0 8709(may)m 466(be)s 747(found)s 1364(in)s 1606(Chapter)s 2423(4,)s 2649(including)s 3606(\207nding)s 4337(the)s 4685(number)s 5475(of)s 5746(the)s 6093(page)s 6601(where)s -7240(something)s 8289(appears,)s 0 8421(producing)m 1018(running)s 1809(page)s -2311(headers)s 3085(and)s 3483(footers,)s 4246(and)s 4643(accessing)s -5606(databases)s 6566(of)s 6831(Roman)s 7573(numerals,)s 8549(refer)s -8998(-)s 0 8133(ences,)m 638(etc.)s 1080(Cross)s 1676(references)s -2707(are)s 3054(also)s 3492(used)s 3989(by)s 4283(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k +7240(something)s 8289(appears,)s 0 8421(producing)m 1018(running)s 1810(page)s +2312(headers)s 3086(and)s 3484(footers,)s 4248(and)s 4646(accessing)s +5608(databases)s 6569(of)s 6834(Roman)s 7577(numerals,)s 8553(refer)s 4(-)k +0 8133(ences,)m 638(etc.)s 1080(Cross)s 1676(references)s 2707(are)s +3054(also)s 3492(used)s 3989(by)s 4283(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 5063(as)s 5313(will)s 5739(be)s 6021(e)s 3(xplained)k 7006(in)s 7249(the)s 7597(ne)s 3(xt)k 8066(section.)s 480 7759(The)m 943(implementation)s 2535(of)s 2841(cross)s 3418(referencing)s @@ -4056,6 +4226,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4087,20 +4259,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(10)m -240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(10)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s +9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -160 fnt5 870 13031(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1626 13103(1)m 160 fnt1 -480 12739(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s -1691(music)s 480 12559(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 12379(to)m -686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k +160 fnt5 870 13031(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 +1626 13103(1)m 160 fnt1 480 12739(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k +1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 12559(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s +480 12379(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k 480 12199(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 12019(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1446(composer)s 480 11839(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s 1967(is)s 480 11659(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k @@ -4180,7 +4358,7 @@ grestore 4801(to)s 5032(o)s 3(v)k 3(ercome)k 6017(these)s 6557(obstacles,)s 7532(is)s 7734(the)s 240 fnt6 8074 2610(galle)m 7(y)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 8699 2608(\(the)m 0 2320(name)m 564(is)s 764(borro)s 6(wed)k 1723(from)s 2237(the)s 2575(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3288(used)s 3775(in)s 4008(manual)s 4757(typesetting\).)s 6039(A)s @@ -4205,6 +4383,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4236,20 +4416,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(1.4.)m -1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(11)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(1.4.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt5 +10256 -1583(11)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -160 fnt5 870 12975(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1626 13047(1)m 160 fnt1 -480 12683(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s -1691(music)s 480 12503(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 12323(to)m -686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k +160 fnt5 870 12975(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 +1626 13047(1)m 160 fnt1 480 12683(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k +1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 12503(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s +480 12323(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k 480 12143(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 11963(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1446(composer)s 480 11783(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s 1967(is)s 480 11603(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k @@ -4431,7 +4617,7 @@ grestore 780(create)s 1405(a)s 1571(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2243(\207rst)s 2674(de\207ne)s 3315(a)s 3481(symbol)s 4241(with)s 4723(a)s 4889(special)s 220 fnt2 5607 3843(into)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 6013 3846(clause,)m 6717(lik)s 2(e)k 7129(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 3345(def @F)m 6(ootNote into { @F)k 6(ootPlace&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k @@ -4454,7 +4640,7 @@ grestore 3196 749(which)m 3827(is)s 4027(the)s 240 fnt6 4364 751(tar)m 8(g)k 2(et)k 240 fnt1 4979 749(of)m 5239(a)s 5395(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark 6056(must)s 6571(contain)s 7321(the)s 7659(special)s 8366(symbol)s 220 fnt2 0 458(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 898 461(e)m 3(xactly)k 1639(once)s 2147(in)s 2390(its)s 2666(body;)s 3258(often)s @@ -4474,6 +4660,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4505,39 +4693,45 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(12)m -240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(12)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s +9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(def @F)m 6(ootPlace { @Galle)k 4(y })k 240 fnt1 -0 12709(It)m 229(is)s 464(this)s 885(special)s 1628(symbol)s -2412(that)s 2855(is)s 3090(replaced)s 3982(by)s 4300(the)s -4673(incoming)s 5655(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k +220 fnt2 480 13207(def @F)m 6(ootPlace { @Galle)k 4(y })k +240 fnt1 0 12709(It)m 229(is)s 464(this)s 885(special)s +1628(symbol)s 2412(that)s 2855(is)s 3090(replaced)s 3982(by)s +4300(the)s 4673(incoming)s 5655(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 6352(in)s 6619(f)s 2(act,)k 7106(not)s 7497(the)s 220 fnt2 7870 12706(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt1 0 12421(symbol)m 760(as)s 1010(a)s 1176(whole.)s 480 12047(A)m 718(symbol)s 1487(which)s 2138(contains)s 220 fnt2 2994 12044(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 3832 12047(,)m 3948(either)s 4560(directly)s 5351(within)s 6028(its)s 6313(body)s 6855(or)s 7123(indirectly)s 8101(within)s -8778(the)s 0 11759(body)m 533(of)s 803(a)s 967(symbol)s -1726(it)s 1916(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es,)k -2752(is)s 2961(called)s 3587(a)s 240 fnt6 3752 11761(r)m 8(eceptive)k - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 4670 11759(symbol,)m 5481(meaning)s 6357(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -7277(to)s 7515(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 220 fnt2 -8350 11756(@F)m 6(oot)k 9002(-)s 0 11468(Place)m 240 fnt1 -630 11471(is)m 870(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k 1873(which)s -2545(mak)s 2(es)k 220 fnt2 3235 11468(@F)m 6(ootList,)k -4364(@F)s 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 5545 11471(and)m 220 fnt2 -5979 11468(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7133 11471(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k -8085(since)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 11183(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k +8778(the)s 0 11759(body)m 533(of)s 802(a)s 966(symbol)s +1725(it)s 1915(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es,)k +2750(is)s 2959(called)s 3585(a)s 240 fnt6 3749 11761(r)m 8(eceptive)k + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 4668 11759(symbol,)m 5478(meaning)s 6353(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +7274(to)s 7511(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 220 fnt2 +8346 11756(@F)m 6(oot-)k 0 11468(Place)m 240 fnt1 630 11471(is)m +870(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k 1873(which)s 2545(mak)s 2(es)k +220 fnt2 3235 11468(@F)m 6(ootList,)k 4364(@F)s 6(ootSect)k +240 fnt1 5545 11471(and)m 220 fnt2 5979 11468(@P)m 8(ageList)k +240 fnt1 7133 11471(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 8085(since)s +8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 11183(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k 220 fnt2 704 11180(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 3(.)k 240 fnt1 2078 11183(If)m 2319(no)s 2623(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3268(replaces)s 4112(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt2 4520 11180(@Galle)m 4(y)k @@ -4554,7 +4748,7 @@ grestore 5233(e)s 3(xample)k 6089(document.)s 7190(Initially)s 7992(there)s 8518(is)s 8721(just)s 0 9945(the)m 348(one)s 240 fnt6 750 9947(r)m 10(oot)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pri_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1203 9945(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 1875(containing)s 2938(an)s 3221(une)s 3(xpanded)k 4434(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5488(of)s 220 fnt2 5759 9942(@P)m 8(ageList:)k 180 fnt2 @@ -4745,6 +4939,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4776,35 +4972,41 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(1.4.)m -1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(13)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(1.4.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt5 +10250 -1583(13)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -160 fnt1 480 12579(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k -1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 12399(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s -480 12219(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k -480 12039(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 11859(indif)m 4(ferent)k -1446(composer)s 480 11679(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s -1967(is)s 480 11499(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k -1940(as)s 480 11319(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 11139(natural;)m -1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 10959(students)m -1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 10779(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k -1947(to)s 480 10599(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s -480 10419(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 10239(considered)m -1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 10006(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s -1967(is)s 480 9826(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k -1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 9646(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s -1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 9466(of)m 717(the)s -1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 9286(classics,)m -1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 9106(that)m -774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 8926(English)m -1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave +160 fnt1 480 12579(In)m 705(the)s +991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 12399(England)m +1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 12219(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s +1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k 480 12039(If)m 775(she)s +1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 11859(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1446(composer)s +480 11679(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s 1967(is)s +480 11499(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k 1940(as)s +480 11319(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 11139(natural;)m 1072(b)s 3(ut)k +1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 10959(students)m 1215(of)s 1574(musical)s +480 10779(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1947(to)s +480 10599(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s 480 10419(musical)m +1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 10239(considered)m 1211(a)s +1322(freak.)s 800 10006(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s 1967(is)s +480 9826(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k 1736(if)s +1884(we)s 480 9646(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s 1000(choice)s +1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 9466(of)m 717(the)s 1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k +1574(musical)s 480 9286(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s +1820(\207nd)s 480 9106(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s +1843(this)s 480 8926(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave 3434 12615 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave @@ -4812,7 +5014,8 @@ gsave 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 +68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4833,8 +5036,7 @@ gsave -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate -240 fnt1 -68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4851,22 +5053,23 @@ gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore -160 fnt5 560 1987(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1316 2059(1)m -140 fnt2 170 1807(@T)m 16(e)k 4(xtPlace)k gsave +160 fnt5 560 1987(PURCELL)m +128 fnt1 1316 2059(1)m 140 fnt2 170 1807(@T)m 16(e)k 4(xtPlace)k +gsave 170 924 translate -160 fnt1 -567 0 0 0 160 180 40 LoutGraphic +160 fnt1 567 0 0 0 160 180 40 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore -128 fnt1 170 785(1)m 160 fnt1 221 713(Blom,)m 703(Eric.)s -160 fnt6 1133 714(Some)m 170 534(Gr)m 5(eat)k 734(Composer)s 1(s.)k -160 fnt1 170 353(Oxford,)m 703(1944.)s 140 fnt2 170 173(@F)m 4(ootList)k - +128 fnt1 170 785(1)m 160 fnt1 221 713(Blom,)m +703(Eric.)s 160 fnt6 1133 714(Some)m 170 534(Gr)m 5(eat)k +734(Composer)s 1(s.)k 160 fnt1 170 353(Oxford,)m 703(1944.)s +140 fnt2 170 173(@F)m 4(ootList)k grestore -140 fnt2 3315 10573(@P)m 5(ageList)k gsave +140 fnt2 3315 10573(@P)m 5(ageList)k +gsave 6802 13282 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave @@ -4884,8 +5087,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -240 fnt1 -1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4906,11 +5108,12 @@ grestore grestore grestore -200 fnt6 6862 13238(to)m 7061(printer)s 240 fnt1 -0 8441(No)m 6(w)k 512(the)s 858(promotion)s 1910(of)s -2179(the)s 200 fnt1 2525 8450(PURCELL)m 240 fnt1 3468 8441(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k -4100(resumes.)s 5045(When)s 5672(the)s 6018(\207rst)s 6447(page)s -6953(is)s 7161(\207lled,)s 7757(Lout)s 8266(searches)s 0 8153(forw)m 2(ards)k +200 fnt6 6862 13238(to)m +7061(printer)s 240 fnt1 0 8441(No)m 6(w)k 512(the)s +858(promotion)s 1910(of)s 2179(the)s 200 fnt1 2525 8450(PURCELL)m +240 fnt1 3468 8441(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4100(resumes.)s +5045(When)s 5672(the)s 6018(\207rst)s 6447(page)s 6953(is)s +7161(\207lled,)s 7757(Lout)s 8266(searches)s 0 8153(forw)m 2(ards)k 898(for)s 1236(another)s 220 fnt2 2013 8150(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 3231 8153(to)m 3470(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4206(the)s 4554(remainder)s 9(,)k 5620(once)s 6128(ag)s 1(ain)k @@ -5081,6 +5284,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5112,54 +5317,64 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 13450 0 13450 240 288 60 1417 -14867 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14867 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 13450 0 13450 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -480 fnt5 0 12399(Chapter)m -1819(2.)s 2400(Details)s +480 fnt5 0 12399(Chapter)m 1819(2.)s 2400(Details)s [ /Dest /LOUTdetails /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt5 0 11134(2.1.)m 471(Lexical)s -1270(structur)s 4(e)k 2263(\(w)s 2(ords,)k 3079(spaces,)s -3844(symbols\))s 4796(and)s 5237(macr)s 4(os)k +240 fnt5 +0 11134(2.1.)m 471(Lexical)s 1270(structur)s 4(e)k 2263(\(w)s 2(ords,)k +3079(spaces,)s 3844(symbols\))s 4796(and)s 5237(macr)s 4(os)k + [ /Dest /LOUTlexical /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 -480 10657(The)m 902(input)s 1447(to)s 1679(Lout)s 2184(consists)s -2985(of)s 3249(a)s 3408(sequence)s 4334(of)s 240 fnt6 -4598 10659(te)m 4(xtual)k 5297(units)s 240 fnt1 5757 10657(,)m - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_1 /DEST pdfmark -5857(which)s 6492(may)s 6951(be)s 7226(either)s 240 fnt6 -7822 10659(white)m 8386(spaces)s 240 fnt1 9019 10657(,)m 240 fnt6 -0 10371(identi\207er)m 2(s,)k 1047(delimiter)s 2(s,)k 240 fnt1 -2093 10369(or)m 240 fnt6 2352 10371(liter)m 3(al)k 2992(wor)s 8(ds)k -240 fnt1 3565 10369(.)m 3729(Each)s 4264(is)s 4474(a)s -4640(sequence)s 5573(of)s 240 fnt6 5844 10371(c)m 3(har)k 3(acter)k 2(s)k -240 fnt1 6914 10369(chosen)m 7636(from:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_2 /DEST pdfmark - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_3 /DEST pdfmark - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_4 /DEST pdfmark - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_5 /DEST pdfmark - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_6 /DEST pdfmark - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_7 /DEST pdfmark -480 9831(letter)m 220 fnt2 -1934 9828(@ab-zAB-Z_)m 240 fnt1 480 9543(white)m 1067(space)s 240 fnt6 -1934 9545(space)m 2592(formfeed)s 3568(tab)s 3988(ne)s 3(wline)k -240 fnt1 480 9255(quote)m 220 fnt2 1934 9252(")m 240 fnt1 -480 8967(escape)m 220 fnt2 1934 8964(\\)m 240 fnt1 480 8679(comment)m -220 fnt2 1934 8676(#)m 240 fnt1 480 8391(other)m 220 fnt2 -1934 8388(!$%&'\(\)*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?[]^`{|}~)m 240 fnt1 0 7850(Notice)m 732(that)s 220 fnt2 -1189 7847(@)m 240 fnt1 1480 7850(and)m 220 fnt2 1923 7847(_)m -240 fnt1 2144 7850(are)m 2531(classed)s 3318(as)s 3608(letters.)s -4393(Basser)s 5129(Lout)s 5681(accepts)s 6474(the)s 6861(accented)s -7795(letters)s 8467(of)s 8778(the)s 0 7562(ISO-LA)m 26(TIN-1)k -1421(character)s 2388(set)s 2746(\(depending)s 3909(on)s 4238(ho)s 6(w)k +240 fnt1 480 10657(The)m 902(input)s 1447(to)s 1679(Lout)s +2184(consists)s 2985(of)s 3249(a)s 3408(sequence)s 4334(of)s +240 fnt6 4598 10659(te)m 4(xtual)k 5297(units)s 240 fnt1 +5757 10657(,)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_1 /DEST pdfmark +5857(which)s 6492(may)s 6951(be)s 7226(either)s +240 fnt6 7822 10659(white)m 8386(spaces)s 240 fnt1 9019 10657(,)m +240 fnt6 0 10371(identi\207er)m 2(s,)k 1047(delimiter)s 2(s,)k +240 fnt1 2093 10369(or)m 240 fnt6 2352 10371(liter)m 3(al)k +2992(wor)s 8(ds)k 240 fnt1 3565 10369(.)m 3729(Each)s +4264(is)s 4474(a)s 4640(sequence)s 5573(of)s 240 fnt6 +5844 10371(c)m 3(har)k 3(acter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 +6914 10369(chosen)m 7636(from:)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_2 /DEST pdfmark + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_3 /DEST pdfmark + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_4 /DEST pdfmark + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_5 /DEST pdfmark + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_6 /DEST pdfmark + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_7 /DEST pdfmark +480 9831(letter)m 220 fnt2 1934 9828(@ab-zAB-Z_)m +240 fnt1 480 9543(white)m 1067(space)s 240 fnt6 1934 9545(space)m +2592(formfeed)s 3568(tab)s 3988(ne)s 3(wline)k 240 fnt1 +480 9255(quote)m 220 fnt2 1934 9252(")m 240 fnt1 480 8967(escape)m +220 fnt2 1934 8964(\\)m 240 fnt1 480 8679(comment)m 220 fnt2 +1934 8676(#)m 240 fnt1 480 8391(other)m 220 fnt2 1934 8388(!$%&'\(\)*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?[]^`{|}~)m +240 fnt1 0 7850(Notice)m 732(that)s 220 fnt2 1189 7847(@)m +240 fnt1 1480 7850(and)m 220 fnt2 1923 7847(_)m 240 fnt1 +2144 7850(are)m 2531(classed)s 3318(as)s 3608(letters.)s 4393(Basser)s +5129(Lout)s 5681(accepts)s 6474(the)s 6861(accented)s 7795(letters)s +8467(of)s 8778(the)s 0 7562(ISO-LA)m 26(TIN-1)k 1421(character)s +2388(set)s 2746(\(depending)s 3909(on)s 4238(ho)s 6(w)k 4732(it)s 4957(is)s 5200(installed\),)s 6228(and)s 6664(these)s 7244(are)s 7624(also)s 8095(classed)s 8876(as)s 0 7274(letters.)m 756(The)s 1195(ten)s 1555(digits)s 2148(are)s 2505(classed)s @@ -5171,11 +5386,11 @@ grestore 698 6614(white)m 1256(space)s 240 fnt1 1841 6612(is)m 2038(a)s 2191(sequence)s 3111(of)s 3369(one)s 3758(or)s 4005(more)s 4539(white)s 5113(space)s 5687(characters.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_8 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_9 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_10 /DEST pdfmark 6805(Lout)s 7304(treats)s 7858(the)s 8193(formfeed)s 0 6324(character)m 931(e)s 3(xactly)k 1668(lik)s 2(e)k 2076(the)s 2420(space)s 3003(character;)s @@ -5185,7 +5400,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 1635 5662(is)m 1844(a)s 2009(sequence)s 2941(of)s 3211(one)s 3612(or)s 3870(more)s 4415(`other')s 5096(characters)s 6113(which)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_11 /DEST pdfmark 6754(is)s 6963(the)s 7310(name)s 7883(of)s 8153(a)s 8317(symbol.)s 0 5374(F)m 3(or)k 417(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 1360 5371({)m 240 fnt1 1512 5374(and)m 220 fnt2 @@ -5213,7 +5428,7 @@ grestore 3192(of)s 3488(one)s 3915(or)s 4199(more)s 4772(letters)s 5430(which)s 6097(is)s 6332(the)s 6705(name)s 7304(of)s 7600(a)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_12 /DEST pdfmark 7791(symbol.)s 8685(It)s 8916(is)s 0 1035(con)m 9(v)k 3(entional)k 1308(b)s 4(ut)k 1700(not)s 2096(essential)s 3003(to)s 3272(be)s 3(gin)k 3888(identi\207ers)s 4924(with)s 220 fnt2 @@ -5232,13 +5447,18 @@ grestore 5308(used)s 5800(in)s 6038(identi\207ers,)s 7095(it)s 7282(is)s 7487(not)s 7847(con)s 9(v)k 3(entional)k grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -14867 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14867 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -192 fnt5 -5856 -15423(14)m +192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5856 -15423(14)m +grestore + grestore grestore @@ -5274,28 +5494,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.1.)m -1871(Le)s 4(xical)k 2630(structur)s 8(e)k 3538(\(wor)s 8(ds,)k -4288(spaces,)s 5019(symbols\))s 5919(and)s 6345(macr)s 10(os)k -240 fnt5 10250 -1583(15)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.1.)m 1871(Le)s 4(xical)k 2630(structur)s 8(e)k +3538(\(wor)s 8(ds,)k 4288(spaces,)s 5019(symbols\))s 5919(and)s +6345(macr)s 10(os)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(15)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 +9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(to)m 239(do)s -532(so.)s 909(The)s 1337(complete)s 2269(list)s 2620(of)s -2891(prede\207ned)s 3959(identi\207ers)s 4965(is)s 220 fnt2 150 12704(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k -150 12416(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k 150 12128(@Begin)m 150 11840(@BeginHeaderComponent)m -150 11552(@Break)m 150 11264(@Case)m 150 10976(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 150 10688(@Common)m 150 10400(@Char)m -150 10112(@CurrF)m 11(ace)k 150 9824(@CurrF)m 11(amily)k 150 9536(@CurrLang)m -150 9248(@CurrYUnit)m 150 8960(@CurrZUnit)m 150 8672(@Database)m 150 8384(@Enclose)m 150 8096(@End)m -150 7808(@EndHeaderComponent)m 150 7520(@Filter)m 150 7232(@FilterErr)m 150 6944(@FilterIn)m 150 6656(@FilterOut)m -150 6368(@F)m 6(ont)k 150 6080(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 150 5792(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k -150 5504(@Galle)m 4(y)k 150 5216(@GetConte)m 6(xt)k 150 4928(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k -150 4640(@HAdjust)m 150 4352(@HContr)m 2(act)k 150 4064(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k +0 13205(to)m 239(do)s 532(so.)s 909(The)s 1337(complete)s +2269(list)s 2620(of)s 2891(prede\207ned)s 3959(identi\207ers)s 4965(is)s +220 fnt2 150 12704(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 150 12416(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k +150 12128(@Begin)m 150 11840(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 150 11552(@Break)m 150 11264(@Case)m 150 10976(@ClearHeaderComponent)m +150 10688(@Common)m 150 10400(@Char)m 150 10112(@CurrF)m 11(ace)k 150 9824(@CurrF)m 11(amily)k +150 9536(@CurrLang)m 150 9248(@CurrYUnit)m 150 8960(@CurrZUnit)m 150 8672(@Database)m 150 8384(@Enclose)m +150 8096(@End)m 150 7808(@EndHeaderComponent)m 150 7520(@Filter)m 150 7232(@FilterErr)m 150 6944(@FilterIn)m +150 6656(@FilterOut)m 150 6368(@F)m 6(ont)k 150 6080(@F)m 6(ontDef)k +150 5792(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 150 5504(@Galle)m 4(y)k +150 5216(@GetConte)m 6(xt)k 150 4928(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 150 4640(@HAdjust)m +150 4352(@HContr)m 2(act)k 150 4064(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 150 3776(@HExpand)m 150 3488(@High)m 150 3200(@HLimited)m 150 2912(@HMirror)m 150 2624(@HScale)m 150 2336(@HShift)m 3031 12704(@HSpan)m 3031 12416(@Include)m 3031 12128(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 3031 11840(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 3031 11552(@Inser)m -8(t)k 3031 11264(@K)m 8(er)k -5(nShr)k -3(ink)k @@ -5324,15 +5551,15 @@ grestore 3786 1878(@Moment)m 240 fnt1 4798 1881(.)m 5011(The)s 5487(symbols)s 220 fnt2 6385 1878(@LClos)m 240 fnt1 7161 1881(,)m 220 fnt2 7316 1878(@LEn)m 4(v)k 240 fnt1 8034 1881(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_13 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_14 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_14 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_15 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_15 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_16 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_16 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_17 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_17 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 8190 1878(@LInput)m 240 fnt1 9019 1881(,)m 220 fnt2 0 1590(@L)m 24(Vis)k 240 fnt1 722 1593(and)m 220 fnt2 1170 1590(@LUse)m 240 fnt1 @@ -5346,11 +5573,11 @@ grestore 1036(a)s 240 fnt6 1213 645(liter)m 3(al)k 1864(wor)s 8(d)k 240 fnt1 2355 643(,)m 2473(which)s 3126(means)s 3799(that)s 4227(it)s 4430(will)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_18 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_18 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_19 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_19 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_20 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_20 /DEST pdfmark 4867(pass)s 5341(through)s 6154(Lout)s 6677(unchanged.)s 7890(An)s 8251(arbitrary)s 0 355(sequence)m 926(of)s 1190(characters)s 2201(enclosed)s 3089(in)s 3325(double)s 4026(quotes,)s @@ -5375,6 +5602,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5406,30 +5635,36 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(16)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(16)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(only)m 480(between)s 1334(quotes,)s 2066(for)s 2404(obtaining)s -3361(otherwise)s 4346(inaccessible)s 5556(characters:)s 220 fnt2 480 12664(\\")m -240 fnt1 1235 12667(produces)m 220 fnt2 2150 12664(")m 480 12376(\\\\)m -240 fnt1 1235 12379(\\)m 220 fnt2 480 12088(\\ddd)m 240 fnt1 -1235 12091(the)m 1583(character)s 2517(whose)s 3185(ASCII)s 3865(code)s -4373(is)s 1235 11803(the)m 1583(up)s 1876(to)s 2115(three)s -2648(digit)s 3146(octal)s 3665(number)s 220 fnt2 4456 11800(ddd)m -240 fnt1 0 11262(So,)m 360(for)s 698(e)s 3(xample,)k -220 fnt2 1612 11259("\\"@PP\\"")m 240 fnt1 2606 11262(produces)m 220 fnt2 -3521 11259("@PP")m 240 fnt1 4177 11262(.)m 480 10888(When)m 1106(the)s -1451(comment)s 2398(character)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_21 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 3328 10885(#)m 240 fnt1 -3502 10888(is)m 3709(encountered,)s 4982(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k +0 13205(only)m 480(between)s 1334(quotes,)s +2066(for)s 2404(obtaining)s 3361(otherwise)s 4346(inaccessible)s 5556(characters:)s +220 fnt2 480 12664(\\")m 240 fnt1 1235 12667(produces)m 220 fnt2 +2150 12664(")m 480 12376(\\\\)m 240 fnt1 1235 12379(\\)m 220 fnt2 +480 12088(\\ddd)m 240 fnt1 1235 12091(the)m 1583(character)s 2517(whose)s +3185(ASCII)s 3865(code)s 4373(is)s 1235 11803(the)m 1583(up)s +1876(to)s 2115(three)s 2648(digit)s 3146(octal)s 3665(number)s +220 fnt2 4456 11800(ddd)m 240 fnt1 0 11262(So,)m 360(for)s +698(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 1612 11259("\\"@PP\\"")m 240 fnt1 +2606 11262(produces)m 220 fnt2 3521 11259("@PP")m 240 fnt1 4177 11262(.)m +480 10888(When)m 1106(the)s 1451(comment)s 2398(character)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_21 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 +3328 10885(#)m 240 fnt1 3502 10888(is)m 3709(encountered,)s 4982(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 6045(from)s 6566(that)s 6981(point)s 7530(to)s 7765(the)s 8110(end)s 8511(of)s 8778(the)s 0 10600(line)m 414(is)s 624(ignored.)s 1519(This)s 1995(is)s 2205(useful)s 2844(for)s @@ -5438,7 +5673,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 0 9316(for)m 338(temporarily)s 1506(deleting)s 2329(parts)s 2844(of)s 3115(the)s 3463(document,)s 4514(and)s 4918(so)s 5184(on.)s 240 fnt6 480 8944(Macr)m 10(os)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_lexi_22 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_22 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1268 8942(pro)m 3(vide)k 2064(a)s 2242(means)s 2916(of)s 3199(de\207ning)s 4049(symbols)s 4910(which)s 5564(stand)s 6139(for)s @@ -5475,17 +5710,16 @@ grestore 4590(get)s 4934(a)s 5091(left)s 5459(or)s 5709(right)s 6212(brace)s 6776(into)s 7192(the)s 7532(body)s 8057(of)s 8319(a)s 8476(macro)s 0 5269(without)m 791(the)s 1139(matching)s -2082(brace.)s 480 4895(Macros)m 1253(may)s 1724(be)s 2011(nested)s -2685(within)s 3358(other)s 3914(de\207nitions)s 4980(and)s 5389(e)s 3(xported,)k -6335(b)s 4(ut)k 6702(the)s 3(y)k 7170(may)s -7641(not)s 8012(be)s 8299(parame)s 8998(-)s 0 4607(ters.)m -511(The)s 3(y)k 1058(may)s 1528(not)s 1898(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -2403(parameters)s 3504(or)s 3767(nested)s 4440(de\207nitions)s 5505(of)s -5780(their)s 6280(o)s 6(wn,)k 6798(and)s 7206(consequently)s -8527(a)s 8697(pre)s 8998(-)s 0 4319(ceding)m 220 fnt2 -691 4316(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1359 4319(clause)m -2012(\(Section)s 2865(2.3\))s 3293(w)s 2(ould)k 3948(be)s -4230(pointless;)s 5192(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +2082(brace.)s 480 4895(Macros)m 1252(may)s 1723(be)s 2010(nested)s +2683(within)s 3356(other)s 3912(de\207nitions)s 4978(and)s 5386(e)s 3(xported,)k +6332(b)s 4(ut)k 6699(the)s 3(y)k 7166(may)s +7637(not)s 8008(be)s 8295(parame-)s 0 4607(ters.)m 511(The)s 3(y)k +1058(may)s 1527(not)s 1897(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +2401(parameters)s 3503(or)s 3765(nested)s 4438(de\207nitions)s 5502(of)s +5777(their)s 6277(o)s 6(wn,)k 6795(and)s 7202(consequently)s +8523(a)s 8693(pre-)s 0 4319(ceding)m 220 fnt2 691 4316(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k +240 fnt1 1359 4319(clause)m 2012(\(Section)s 2865(2.3\))s 3293(w)s 2(ould)k +3948(be)s 4230(pointless;)s 5192(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 6099(an)s 220 fnt2 6382 4316(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 7055 4319(clause)m 7708(is)s 7918(permitted.)s 240 fnt5 0 3527(2.2.)m 471(Named)s 1257(parameters)s @@ -5496,9 +5730,9 @@ grestore 6496(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6989(an)s 3(y)k 7377(number)s 8159(of)s 240 fnt6 8421 3052(named)m 0 2764(par)m 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 1080 2762(:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_name_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_name_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_name_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_name_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 2265(def @Chapter)m 480 1977( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 1689( named @Title {})m 480 1401( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 1113({)m 480 825( ...)m 480 537(})m @@ -5516,6 +5750,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5547,25 +5783,31 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.2.)m -1871(Named)s 2616(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt5 -10248 -1583(17)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.2.)m 1871(Named)s 2616(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s)k +240 fnt5 10248 -1583(17)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(Their)m 577(de\207nitions)s 1639(appear)s -2336(in)s 2580(between)s 3434(those)s 3996(of)s 4267(an)s 3(y)k -4665(left)s 5042(and)s 5447(right)s 5958(parameters,)s 7113(and)s -7517(each)s 8013(is)s 8224(follo)s 6(wed)k 0 12917(by)m -293(a)s 240 fnt6 457 12919(default)m 1183(value)s 240 fnt1 -1753 12917(between)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_name_3 /DEST pdfmark -2605(braces.)s 3377(When)s 220 fnt2 4004 12914(@Chapter)m -240 fnt1 5066 12917(is)m 5274(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k +0 13205(Their)m 577(de\207nitions)s +1639(appear)s 2336(in)s 2580(between)s 3434(those)s 3996(of)s +4267(an)s 3(y)k 4665(left)s 5042(and)s 5447(right)s +5958(parameters,)s 7113(and)s 7517(each)s 8013(is)s 8224(follo)s 6(wed)k +0 12917(by)m 293(a)s 240 fnt6 457 12919(default)m 1183(value)s +240 fnt1 1753 12917(between)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_name_3 /DEST pdfmark +2605(braces.)s 3377(When)s 220 fnt2 +4004 12914(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 5066 12917(is)m 5274(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 6136(its)s 6411(named)s 7105(parameters)s 8201(are)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 0 12629(v)m 6(alues)k 656(in)s 899(the)s 1247(follo)s 6(wing)k 2224(w)s 2(ay:)k 220 fnt2 480 12128(@Chapter)m 480 11840( @T)m 26(ag { intro })k @@ -5594,7 +5836,7 @@ grestore 8405(def)s 2(ault)k 0 8380(v)m 6(alue)k 568(as)s 818(just)s 1223(described.)s 480 8006(A)m 719(named)s 220 fnt2 1424 8003(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 2057 8006(parameter)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_name_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_name_4 /DEST pdfmark 3080(does)s 3580(not)s 3955(tak)s 2(e)k 4417(its)s 4702(def)s 2(ault)k 5433(v)s 6(alue)k 6010(from)s 6544(the)s 6901(de\207nition;)s @@ -5654,6 +5896,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5685,54 +5929,61 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(18)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(18)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(still)m 412(equals)s 220 fnt2 1074 13202(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat 27)k -240 fnt1 2289 13205(,)m 2396(b)s 4(ut)k 2758(this)s -3154(time)s 3634(the)s 3982(result)s 4572(is)s 240 fnt6 -480 12704(27.)m 240 fnt1 0 12250(In)m 252(practice,)s 1110(e)s 3(xamples)k -2057(of)s 2323(named)s 3015(parameters)s 4109(with)s 4586(parameters)s -5680(all)s 5969(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6466(this)s -6857(\210a)s 4(v)k 4(our)k 7583(of)s 7850(format)s -8541(being)s 0 11962(separated)m 996(from)s 1556(content;)s 2409(running)s -3243(headers)s 4060(\(Section)s 4950(4.3\))s 5414(and)s 5854(printing)s -6701(styles)s 7332(for)s 7707(bibliographies)s 0 11674(\(Section)m 853(4.5\))s -1281(are)s 1628(tw)s 2(o)k 2038(major)s 2655(ones.)s -240 fnt5 0 10881(2.3.)m 471(Nested)s 1216(de\207nitions,)s 2392(body)s -2954(parameters,)s 4236(extend,)s 5027(import,)s 5844(and)s 6285(export)s - +0 13205(still)m 412(equals)s 220 fnt2 +1074 13202(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat 27)k 240 fnt1 2289 13205(,)m +2396(b)s 4(ut)k 2758(this)s 3154(time)s 3634(the)s +3982(result)s 4572(is)s 240 fnt6 480 12704(27.)m 240 fnt1 +0 12250(In)m 252(practice,)s 1110(e)s 3(xamples)k 2057(of)s +2323(named)s 3015(parameters)s 4109(with)s 4586(parameters)s 5680(all)s +5969(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6466(this)s 6857(\210a)s 4(v)k 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1811 7681(may)m 2274(be)s -2552(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 3364(an)s 3(ywhere)k -4343(within)s 5008(the)s 5353(body)s 5883(of)s 6151(the)s -6495(symbol)s 7252(it)s 7441(is)s 7647(a)s 7810(parameter)s -8820(of,)s 0 7393(including)m 973(within)s 1657(nested)s 2342(de\207nitions.)s -3532(A)s 3778(nested)s 4463(symbol)s 5239(lik)s 2(e)k -220 fnt2 5667 7390(@Three)m 240 fnt1 6531 7393(may)m 7013(be)s -7311(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 8143(an)s 3(ywhere)k -0 7105(from)m 518(the)s 860(be)s 3(ginning)k 1862(of)s -2127(its)s 2397(o)s 6(wn)k 2855(body)s 3383(to)s -3616(the)s 3958(end)s 4355(of)s 4620(the)s 4962(body)s -5490(of)s 5755(the)s 6097(symbol)s 6851(it)s 7037(is)s -7241(de\207ned)s 7998(within.)s 8766(So,)s 0 6817(assuming)m 957(an)s -1240(appropriate)s 2384(de\207nition)s 3358(of)s 220 fnt2 3629 6814(@Bo)m 6(x)k -240 fnt1 4222 6817(,)m 220 fnt2 480 6316(@NineSquare @Bo)m 6(x)k -240 fnt1 0 5820(has)m 370(result)s 2796 2796 226 2570 240 288 60 480 2734 LoutGr2 +240 fnt1 480 10404(A)m 710(de\207nition)s +1684(may)s 2150(contain)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_1 /DEST pdfmark +2911(other)s 3462(de\207nitions)s 4523(at)s +4755(the)s 5103(be)s 3(ginning)k 6111(of)s 6382(its)s +6658(body:)s 220 fnt2 480 9903(def @NineSquare)m 480 9615( r)m -3(ight x)k +480 9327({)m 480 9039( def @Three { x |0.2i x |0.2i x })m 480 8463( @Three /0.2i @Three /0.2i @Three)m 480 8175(})m 240 fnt1 +0 7681(A)m 227(parameter)s 1238(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 +1646 7678(x)m 240 fnt1 1811 7681(may)m 2274(be)s 2552(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +3364(an)s 3(ywhere)k 4343(within)s 5008(the)s 5353(body)s +5883(of)s 6151(the)s 6495(symbol)s 7252(it)s 7441(is)s +7647(a)s 7810(parameter)s 8820(of,)s 0 7393(including)m 973(within)s +1657(nested)s 2342(de\207nitions.)s 3532(A)s 3778(nested)s 4463(symbol)s +5239(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 5667 7390(@Three)m 240 fnt1 +6531 7393(may)m 7013(be)s 7311(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +8143(an)s 3(ywhere)k 0 7105(from)m 518(the)s 860(be)s 3(ginning)k +1862(of)s 2127(its)s 2397(o)s 6(wn)k 2855(body)s +3383(to)s 3616(the)s 3958(end)s 4355(of)s 4620(the)s +4962(body)s 5490(of)s 5755(the)s 6097(symbol)s 6851(it)s +7037(is)s 7241(de\207ned)s 7998(within.)s 8766(So,)s 0 6817(assuming)m +957(an)s 1240(appropriate)s 2384(de\207nition)s 3358(of)s 220 fnt2 +3629 6814(@Bo)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 4222 6817(,)m 220 fnt2 +480 6316(@NineSquare @Bo)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 0 5820(has)m 370(result)s +2796 2796 226 2570 240 288 60 480 2734 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 0 2056 LoutGr2 @@ -5809,21 +6060,21 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 2283(Nested)m 722(de\207nitions)s -1783(may)s 2249(themselv)s 3(es)k 3359(contain)s 4120(nested)s -4789(de\207nitions,)s 5906(to)s 6145(arbitrary)s 7020(depth.)s 480 1909(There)m -1100(are)s 1454(three)s 1994(special)s 2719(features)s 3532(which)s -4181(permit)s 4872(a)s 5045(nested)s 5721(symbol)s 6488(or)s -6754(parameter)s 7775(to)s 8021(be)s 8311(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k -0 1621(outside)m 737(its)s 1003(normal)s 1725(range;)s 2358(that)s -2766(is,)s 3022(outside)s 3759(the)s 4096(body)s 4620(of)s -4881(the)s 5219(enclosing)s 6179(symbol.)s 7038(The)s 7456(\207rst)s -7877(and)s 8270(simplest)s 0 1333(of)m 267(these)s 810(features)s -1611(is)s 1817(the)s 240 fnt6 2161 1335(body)m 2678(par)s 3(ameter)k +0 2283(Nested)m 722(de\207nitions)s 1783(may)s 2249(themselv)s 3(es)k +3359(contain)s 4120(nested)s 4789(de\207nitions,)s 5906(to)s 6145(arbitrary)s +7020(depth.)s 480 1909(There)m 1100(are)s 1454(three)s 1994(special)s +2719(features)s 3532(which)s 4181(permit)s 4872(a)s 5045(nested)s +5721(symbol)s 6488(or)s 6754(parameter)s 7775(to)s 8021(be)s +8311(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 0 1621(outside)m +737(its)s 1003(normal)s 1725(range;)s 2358(that)s 2766(is,)s +3022(outside)s 3759(the)s 4096(body)s 4620(of)s 4881(the)s +5219(enclosing)s 6179(symbol.)s 7038(The)s 7456(\207rst)s 7877(and)s +8270(simplest)s 0 1333(of)m 267(these)s 810(features)s 1611(is)s +1817(the)s 240 fnt6 2161 1335(body)m 2678(par)s 3(ameter)k 240 fnt1 3677 1333(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_visi_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_visi_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_3 /DEST pdfmark 3780(an)s 4059(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5108(form)s 5628(of)s 5895(right)s 6401(parameter)s 13(.)k 7502(The)s 7926(Eq)s 8245(equation)s 0 1045(formatting)m 1053(package)s @@ -5849,6 +6100,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5883,12 +6136,19 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.3.)m -1871(Nested)s 2588(de\207nitions,)s 3678(body)s 4200(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s,)k -5378(e)s 4(xtend,)k 6091(import,)s 6822(and)s 7248(e)s 4(xport)k -240 fnt5 10249 -1583(19)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.3.)m 1871(Nested)s 2588(de\207nitions,)s 3678(body)s +4200(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s,)k 5378(e)s 4(xtend,)k +6091(import,)s 6822(and)s 7248(e)s 4(xport)k 240 fnt5 +10249 -1583(19)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13268 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -5904,7 +6164,7 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 274 9258(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 815 9261(in)m 1061(an)s 220 fnt2 1347 9258(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2018 9261(clause,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_visi_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_4 /DEST pdfmark 2725(preceding)s 3724(the)s 4075(de\207nition)s 5052(as)s 5305(sho)s 6(wn.)k 6092(Only)s 6628(e)s 3(xported)k 7523(symbols)s 8375(may)s 8844(be)s 0 8973(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k @@ -5960,7 +6220,7 @@ grestore 7037(within)s 7770(a)s 8002(subsequent)s 0 3198(de\207nition)m 974(or)s 1233(macro)s 1883(by)s 2177(preceding)s 3173(it)s 3365(with)s 3847(an)s 220 fnt2 4130 3195(impor)m -8(t)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_visi_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4803 3198(clause,)m 5507(lik)s 2(e)k 5919(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 2697(impor)m -8(t @Eq)k 480 2409(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k @@ -5982,12 +6242,11 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3051 960(,)m 3183(a)s 3374(de\207nition)s 4373(may)s 4864(be)s 5171(preceded)s 6117(by)s 220 fnt2 6436 957(e)m 6(xtend)k 240 fnt1 7162 960(follo)m 6(wed)k 8089(by)s 8408(a)s -8599(sym)s 8998(-)s 0 672(bol)m 361(name:)s +8599(sym-)s 0 672(bol)m 361(name:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -5998,6 +6257,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6029,25 +6290,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(20)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(20)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(e)m 6(xtend @Eq)k 480 12919(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k -240 fnt1 0 12420(The)m 418(ef)s 6(fect)k 1003(of)s -1264(this)s 1649(is)s 1849(just)s 2243(as)s 2483(though)s -3195(the)s 3533(de\207nition)s 4496(of)s 220 fnt2 4757 12417(p)m 6(ythag)k -240 fnt1 5447 12420(had)m 5841(occurred)s 6724(directly)s 7497(after)s -7982(the)s 8319(e)s 3(xisting)k 0 12132(de\207nitions)m 1058(within)s -220 fnt2 1722 12129(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 2200 12132(,)m 2303(with)s -220 fnt2 2782 12129(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 3479 12132(added)m -4105(to)s 220 fnt2 4340 12129(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 4818 12132(')m 13(s)k +220 fnt2 480 13207(e)m 6(xtend @Eq)k +480 12919(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k 240 fnt1 0 12420(The)m +418(ef)s 6(fect)k 1003(of)s 1264(this)s 1649(is)s +1849(just)s 2243(as)s 2483(though)s 3195(the)s 3533(de\207nition)s +4496(of)s 220 fnt2 4757 12417(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 +5447 12420(had)m 5841(occurred)s 6724(directly)s 7497(after)s 7982(the)s +8319(e)s 3(xisting)k 0 12132(de\207nitions)m 1058(within)s 220 fnt2 +1722 12129(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 2200 12132(,)m 2303(with)s 220 fnt2 +2782 12129(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 3479 12132(added)m 4105(to)s +220 fnt2 4340 12129(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 4818 12132(')m 13(s)k 5025(e)s 3(xport)k 5689(list.)s 6140(This)s 6612(is)s 6819(useful)s 7454(for)s 7788(e)s 3(xtending)k 8778(the)s 0 11844(capabilities)m 1128(of)s 1389(a)s 1545(package)s 2375(of)s @@ -6070,11 +6338,11 @@ grestore 0 10606(of)m 271(the)s 619(symbol.)s 1488(F)s 3(or)k 1877(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 10105(e)m 6(xtend @DocumentLa)k 6(y)k 4(out @Repor)k -8(tLa)k 6(y)k 4(out)k 480 9817(def @K)m 8(e)k 4(yw)k 2(ords ...)k 240 fnt1 -0 9319(causes)m 677(the)s 1027(de\207nition)s 2003(of)s 220 fnt2 -2276 9316(@K)m 8(e)k 4(yw)k 2(ords)k 240 fnt1 -3503 9319(to)m 3744(occur)s 4338(directly)s 5123(after)s 5621(the)s -5971(e)s 3(xisting)k 6780(de\207nitions)s 7843(of)s 220 fnt2 -8117 9316(@Repor)m -8(t)k 9002(-)s 0 9028(La)m 6(y)k 4(out)k +0 9319(causes)m 676(the)s 1026(de\207nition)s 2002(of)s 220 fnt2 +2275 9316(@K)m 8(e)k 4(yw)k 2(ords)k 240 fnt1 +3502 9319(to)m 3743(occur)s 4335(directly)s 5120(after)s 5618(the)s +5968(e)s 3(xisting)k 6777(de\207nitions)s 7840(of)s 220 fnt2 +8113 9316(@Repor)m -8(t-)k 0 9028(La)m 6(y)k 4(out)k 240 fnt1 645 9031(,)m 752(which)s 1394(itself)s 1942(lies)s 2324(within)s 220 fnt2 2992 9028(@DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k 240 fnt1 4860 9031(.)m 480 8657(A)m 702(named)s 1390(parameter)s @@ -6155,6 +6423,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6186,19 +6456,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.3.)m -1871(Nested)s 2588(de\207nitions,)s 3678(body)s 4200(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s,)k -5378(e)s 4(xtend,)k 6091(import,)s 6822(and)s 7248(e)s 4(xport)k -240 fnt5 10256 -1583(21)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.3.)m 1871(Nested)s 2588(de\207nitions,)s 3678(body)s +4200(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s,)k 5378(e)s 4(xtend,)k +6091(import,)s 6822(and)s 7248(e)s 4(xport)k 240 fnt5 +10256 -1583(21)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(v)m 6(alue)k -582(of)s 868(parameters)s 1980(of)s 220 fnt2 2266 13202(@Tb)m 4(l)k +0 13205(v)m 6(alue)k 582(of)s +868(parameters)s 1980(of)s 220 fnt2 2266 13202(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt1 2775 13205(.)m 2953(If)s 220 fnt2 3198 13202(@Cell)m 240 fnt1 3857 13205(is)m 4082(used)s 4593(within)s 5276(an)s 5573(actual)s 220 fnt2 6213 13202(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k @@ -6298,6 +6575,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6329,26 +6608,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(22)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(22)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(It)m 205(is)s 415(a)s 581(f)s 2(atal)k -1057(error)s 1580(for)s 1918(the)s 2266(system)s 2990(command)s -3992(to)s 4231(return)s 4858(a)s 5024(non-zero)s 5927(status.)s -480 12831(No)m 6(w)k 1001(the)s 220 fnt2 1356 12828(sor)m -8(t)k -240 fnt1 1793 12831(command)m 2802(has)s 3179(options)s 220 fnt2 -3942 12828(-u)m 240 fnt1 4190 12831(for)m 4535(deleting)s 5365(duplicate)s -6304(lines,)s 6869(and)s 220 fnt2 7280 12828(-r)m 240 fnt1 -7493 12831(for)m 7838(re)s 6(v)k 3(ersing)k 8778(the)s -0 12543(sorting)m 717(order)s 13(.)k 1372(So)s 1678(the)s -2026(result)s 2616(of)s 220 fnt2 480 12042(@Sor)m -8(t)k +0 13205(It)m 205(is)s 415(a)s +581(f)s 2(atal)k 1057(error)s 1580(for)s 1918(the)s +2266(system)s 2990(command)s 3992(to)s 4231(return)s 4858(a)s +5024(non-zero)s 5927(status.)s 480 12831(No)m 6(w)k 1001(the)s +220 fnt2 1356 12828(sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1793 12831(command)m +2802(has)s 3179(options)s 220 fnt2 3942 12828(-u)m 240 fnt1 +4190 12831(for)m 4535(deleting)s 5365(duplicate)s 6304(lines,)s 6869(and)s +220 fnt2 7280 12828(-r)m 240 fnt1 7493 12831(for)m 7838(re)s 6(v)k 3(ersing)k +8778(the)s 0 12543(sorting)m 717(order)s 13(.)k 1372(So)s +1678(the)s 2026(result)s 2616(of)s 220 fnt2 480 12042(@Sor)m -8(t)k 480 11754( @Options { -r -u })m 480 11466({)m 480 11178(A)m 6(usten, J)k 4(ane)k 480 10890(Dic)m 4(k)k 4(ens)k 3(, Char)k -3(les)k 480 10602(Eliot, George)m 480 10314(Hardy)m 22(, )k 11(Thomas)k 480 10026(Bront{@Char edieresis}, Char)m -3(lotte)k @@ -6440,6 +6725,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6471,19 +6758,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.4.)m -1871(F)s 10(ilter)k 8(ed)k 2688(right)s 3217(and)s -3643(body)s 4165(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt5 -10250 -1583(23)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.4.)m 1871(F)s 10(ilter)k 8(ed)k +2688(right)s 3217(and)s 3643(body)s 4165(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s)k +240 fnt5 10250 -1583(23)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(a)m 206(compromise)s 1484(between)s -2378(the)s 2766(Lout)s 3319(con)s 9(v)k 3(ention,)k +0 13205(a)m 206(compromise)s +1484(between)s 2378(the)s 2766(Lout)s 3319(con)s 9(v)k 3(ention,)k 4518(that)s 4976(spaces)s 5691(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 6708 13202({)m 240 fnt1 6873 13205(or)m 7172(preceding)s 220 fnt2 8208 13202(})m 240 fnt1 8372 13205(are)m 8760(not)s 0 12917(signi\207cant,)m @@ -6497,7 +6790,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 11647(Ev)m 3(ery)k 1131(symbol)s 1920(in)s 2192(Lout)s 2733(has)s 3132(a)s 240 fnt6 3327 11649(pr)m 8(ecedence)k 240 fnt1 4401 11647(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_prec_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_prec_1 /DEST pdfmark 4538(which)s 5209(is)s 5448(a)s 5643(positi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6476(whole)s 7146(number)s 13(.)k 8057(When)s 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 11359(symbols)m 849(compete)s @@ -6519,7 +6812,7 @@ grestore 7887(second)s 8651(rule.)s 0 9453(Each)m 545(symbol)s 1316(is)s 1537(either)s 240 fnt6 2151 9455(left-associative)m 240 fnt1 3659 9453(or)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_prec_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_prec_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 3929 9455(right-associative)m 240 fnt1 5528 9453(.)m 5703(The)s 6142(v)s 6(alue)k 6720(of)s 220 fnt2 7002 9450(a)m 7180(op1)s 7564(b)s 7739(op2)s 8156(c)s 240 fnt1 @@ -6599,6 +6892,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6630,19 +6925,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(24)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(24)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13170(Precedence)m 1904(Associati)s 6(vity)k 3493(Symbols)s 969 12594(5)m -2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 12591(/ ^/ // ^//)m -240 fnt1 965 12306(6)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +480 13170(Precedence)m 1904(Associati)s 6(vity)k +3493(Symbols)s 969 12594(5)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +220 fnt2 3493 12591(/ ^/ // ^//)m 240 fnt1 965 12306(6)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 12303(| ^| || ^||)m 240 fnt1 968 12018(7)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 12015(& ^&)m 240 fnt1 968 11730(7)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 11727(&)m 240 fnt1 3695 11730(in)m 3938(the)s @@ -6685,14 +6986,14 @@ grestore 0 7039(attrib)m 4(utes)k 935(determine)s 1946(the)s 2294(object')s 13(s)k 3088(\207nal)s 3568(appearance)s 4699(in)s 4942(the)s 5290(output.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 6665(The)m 908(style)s 1415(of)s 1686(an)s 1969(object)s 2613(comprises)s 3633(the)s 3981(follo)s 6(wing:)k 0 6162(\213)m 480(Which)s 1175(font)s 1620(f)s 2(amily)k 15(,)k 2333(f)s 2(ace)k 2784(and)s 3188(size)s 3615(to)s 3854(use)s 4229(\(also)s 4746(de\207ning)s 5584(the)s 220 fnt2 5932 6159(f)m 240 fnt1 6050 6162(unit\);)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark 0 5659(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1391(small)s 1991(capitals)s 2799(are)s 3175(in)s 3446(ef)s 6(fect)k 4070(or)s 4358(not,)s 4799(and)s 5231(also)s 5698(what)s @@ -6700,13 +7001,13 @@ grestore 8740(full)s 480 5371(capitals)m 1260(the)s 1608(small)s 2180(capitals)s 2960(are)s 3307(to)s 3546(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e;)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 4868(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(g)s 1(ap)k 1456(to)s 1695(replace)s 2440(a)s 2606(single)s 3233(space)s 3820(between)s 4674(tw)s 2(o)k 5084(objects)s 5812(by)s 6106(\(also)s 6623(de\207ning)s 7461(the)s 220 fnt2 7809 4865(s)m 240 fnt1 7972 4868(unit\);)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 4365(\213)m 480(The)s 900(interpretation)s 2235(to)s 2465(place)s 3017(on)s 3306(white)s 3884(space)s 4463(separating)s 5490(tw)s 2(o)k 5891(objects)s 6611(\()s 220 fnt2 @@ -6716,42 +7017,42 @@ grestore 855 4077(,)m 962(or)s 220 fnt2 1221 4074(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 1566 4077(as)m 1816(in)s 2059(Section)s 2833(3.5\);)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 3583(\213)m 480(The)s 908(current)s 1644(v)s 6(alue)k 2212(of)s 2483(the)s 220 fnt2 2831 3580(y)m 240 fnt1 2999 3583(and)m 220 fnt2 3403 3580(z)m 240 fnt1 3567 3583(units)m 4083(of)s 4354(measurement)s 5688(\(Section)s 6541(3.6\);)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 3082(\213)m 480(The)s 908(kind)s 1392(of)s 1663(paragraph)s 2676(breaking)s 3566(to)s 3805(emplo)s 2(y)k 4575(\()s 220 fnt2 4648 3079(adjust)m 240 fnt1 5229 3082(,)m 220 fnt2 5336 3079(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 6005 3082(,)m 6112(etc.\))s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_6 /DEST pdfmark 0 2579(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(g)s 1(ap)k 1456(to)s 1695(insert)s 2285(between)s 3139(the)s 3487(lines)s 3989(of)s 4260(paragraphs)s 5360(\(also)s 5877(de\207ning)s 6715(the)s 220 fnt2 7063 2576(v)m 240 fnt1 7232 2579(unit\);)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_7 /DEST pdfmark 0 2076(\213)m 480(The)s 908(size)s 1335(of)s 1606(the)s 1954(outdent)s 2732(to)s 2971(use)s 3346(in)s 3589(the)s 220 fnt2 3937 2073(outdent)m 240 fnt1 4725 2076(paragraph)m 5738(breaking)s 6628(style;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 1573(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1462(the)s 220 fnt2 1909 1570(unbreakab)m 4(le\207rst)k 240 fnt1 3621 1573(and)m 220 fnt2 4124 1570(unbreakab)m 4(lelast)k 240 fnt1 5823 1573(paragraph)m 6935(breaking)s 7924(options)s 8779(are)s 480 1285(in)m 723(ef)s 6(fect;)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_9 /DEST pdfmark 0 801(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1366(the)s 1717(ro)s 6(w)k 2141(marks)s 2779(of)s 3053(w)s 2(ords)k 3691(are)s 4041(to)s 4284(pass)s 4750(along)s 5338(the)s 5690(baseline)s 6532(or)s 6795(half)s 7241(the)s 7592(height)s 8254(of)s 8528(an)s 8815(`x')s 480 513(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e)k 1102(the)s 1450(baseline;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_10 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -6767,6 +7068,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6798,79 +7101,86 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.6.)m -1871(The)s 2283(style)s 2773(and)s 3199(size)s 3610(of)s -3891(objects)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(25)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.6.)m 1871(The)s 2283(style)s 2773(and)s +3199(size)s 3610(of)s 3891(objects)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(25)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(\213)m -480(Whether)s 1363(to)s 1602(permit)s 2285(h)s 1(yphenation)k -3525(or)s 3784(not;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_11 /DEST pdfmark -0 12702(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(colour)s -1729(the)s 2077(object)s 2721(is)s 2931(to)s 3170(appear)s -3867(in;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_12 /DEST pdfmark -0 12199(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(colour)s 1729(underlines)s -2776(within)s 3444(the)s 3792(object)s 4436(are)s 4783(to)s -5022(appear)s 5719(in;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_13 /DEST pdfmark -0 11696(\213)m 480(Whether)s 220 fnt2 -1363 11693(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 2332 11696(is)m 2542(in)s 2785(ef)s 6(fect;)k - -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_14 /DEST pdfmark -0 11212(\213)m 480(The)s 908(language)s 1828(of)s 2099(the)s -2447(object;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_15 /DEST pdfmark -0 10709(\213)m 480(Whether)s 220 fnt2 1363 10706(@V)m 17(Adjust)k -240 fnt1 2320 10709(,)m 220 fnt2 2427 10706(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt1 -3473 10709(and)m 220 fnt2 3877 10706(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 -4885 10709(are)m 5232(in)s 5475(ef)s 6(fect.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_det_size_16 /DEST pdfmark -0 10209(The)m -423(style)s 925(of)s 1191(an)s 1468(object)s 2107(depends)s -2938(on)s 3229(where)s 3864(it)s 4051(appears)s 4827(in)s -5064(the)s 5407(\207nal)s 5882(document.)s 6984(F)s 3(or)k -7368(e)s 3(xample,)k 8277(the)s 8619(style)s 0 9921(of)m -258(a)s 410(parameter)s 1410(depends)s 2233(on)s 2516(where)s -3142(it)s 3321(is)s 3517(used;)s 4054(the)s 4389(style)s -4882(of)s 5139(a)s 5292(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -5912(is)s 6108(the)s 6443(style)s 6936(of)s 7193(the)s -7528(\207rst)s 7945(tar)s 4(get)k 8530(that)s 8934(it)s -0 9633(attempts)m 848(to)s 1075(attach)s 1690(itself)s 2226(to.)s -2563(Of)s 2875(course,)s 3594(the)s 3930(style)s 4424(of)s -4683(an)s 3(y)k 5068(object)s 5700(can)s 6077(be)s -6346(changed)s 7190(by)s 7472(using)s 8032(the)s 220 fnt2 -8367 9630(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 9019 9633(,)m 220 fnt2 -0 9342(@Break)m 240 fnt1 796 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 903 9342(@Space)m -240 fnt1 1740 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 1847 9342(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 -3105 9345(or)m 220 fnt2 3364 9342(@SetColor)m 240 fnt1 4439 9345(,)m -220 fnt2 4547 9342(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 6744 9345(or)m -220 fnt2 7004 9342(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColor)k 240 fnt1 9019 9345(,)m -220 fnt2 0 9054(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 909 9057(,)m 1016(and)s -220 fnt2 1420 9054(@Language)m 240 fnt1 2671 9057(symbols.)m 480 8683(There)m -1089(are)s 1432(no)s 1720(standard)s 2584(def)s 2(ault)k -3300(v)s 6(alues)k 3952(for)s 4286(style,)s 4839(e)s 3(xcept)k -5516(that)s 5929(ro)s 6(w)k 6345(marks)s 6976(of)s -7242(w)s 2(ords)k 7872(initially)s 8663(pass)s 0 8395(half)m -447(the)s 800(height)s 1463(of)s 1738(an)s 2026(`x')s -2342(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2969(the)s 3321(baseline,)s -4216(small)s 4793(capitals)s 5577(are)s 5929(initially)s 6730(of)s 6(f)k -7079(and)s 7487(will)s 7918(be)s 8205(0.7)s 8558(times)s -0 8107(the)m 346(size)s 770(of)s 1039(full)s 1422(capitals,)s -2255(outlining)s 3170(is)s 3377(initially)s 4170(of)s 6(f,)k -4547(the)s 4892(interpretation)s 6233(of)s 6501(white)s 7085(space)s -7670(is)s 7877(initially)s 220 fnt2 8670 8104(lout)m 240 fnt1 -9019 8107(,)m 0 7819(and)m 391(the)s 725(v)s 6(alues)k -1367(of)s 1624(the)s 220 fnt2 1958 7816(y)m 240 fnt1 -2112 7819(and)m 220 fnt2 2502 7816(z)m 240 fnt1 2652 7819(units)m -3154(are)s 3487(zero.)s 4049(Therefore)s 5032(one)s 5420(must)s -5931(ensure)s 6597(that)s 7001(the)s 7335(root)s 7766(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +0 13205(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1363(to)s 1602(permit)s +2285(h)s 1(yphenation)k 3525(or)s 3784(not;)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_11 /DEST pdfmark +0 12702(\213)m +480(What)s 1058(colour)s 1729(the)s 2077(object)s 2721(is)s +2931(to)s 3170(appear)s 3867(in;)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_12 /DEST pdfmark +0 12199(\213)m 480(What)s +1058(colour)s 1729(underlines)s 2776(within)s 3444(the)s 3792(object)s +4436(are)s 4783(to)s 5022(appear)s 5719(in;)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_13 /DEST pdfmark +0 11696(\213)m +480(Whether)s 220 fnt2 1363 11693(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 2332 11696(is)m +2542(in)s 2785(ef)s 6(fect;)k +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_14 /DEST pdfmark +0 11212(\213)m 480(The)s +908(language)s 1828(of)s 2099(the)s 2447(object;)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_15 /DEST pdfmark +0 10709(\213)m +480(Whether)s 220 fnt2 1363 10706(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 +2320 10709(,)m 220 fnt2 2427 10706(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt1 3473 10709(and)m +220 fnt2 3877 10706(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 4885 10709(are)m +5232(in)s 5475(ef)s 6(fect.)k +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_16 /DEST pdfmark +0 10209(The)m 423(style)s +925(of)s 1191(an)s 1468(object)s 2107(depends)s 2938(on)s +3229(where)s 3864(it)s 4051(appears)s 4827(in)s 5064(the)s +5407(\207nal)s 5882(document.)s 6984(F)s 3(or)k 7368(e)s 3(xample,)k +8277(the)s 8619(style)s 0 9921(of)m 258(a)s 410(parameter)s +1410(depends)s 2233(on)s 2516(where)s 3142(it)s 3321(is)s +3517(used;)s 4054(the)s 4389(style)s 4882(of)s 5139(a)s +5292(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5912(is)s 6108(the)s +6443(style)s 6936(of)s 7193(the)s 7528(\207rst)s 7945(tar)s 4(get)k +8530(that)s 8934(it)s 0 9633(attempts)m 848(to)s 1075(attach)s +1690(itself)s 2226(to.)s 2563(Of)s 2875(course,)s 3594(the)s +3930(style)s 4424(of)s 4683(an)s 3(y)k 5068(object)s +5700(can)s 6077(be)s 6346(changed)s 7190(by)s 7472(using)s +8032(the)s 220 fnt2 8367 9630(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 +9019 9633(,)m 220 fnt2 0 9342(@Break)m 240 fnt1 796 9345(,)m +220 fnt2 903 9342(@Space)m 240 fnt1 1740 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 +1847 9342(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 3105 9345(or)m 220 fnt2 3364 9342(@SetColor)m +240 fnt1 4439 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 4547 9342(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k +240 fnt1 6744 9345(or)m 220 fnt2 7004 9342(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColor)k +240 fnt1 9019 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 0 9054(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 +909 9057(,)m 1016(and)s 220 fnt2 1420 9054(@Language)m 240 fnt1 +2671 9057(symbols.)m 480 8683(There)m 1089(are)s 1432(no)s 1720(standard)s +2584(def)s 2(ault)k 3300(v)s 6(alues)k 3952(for)s +4286(style,)s 4839(e)s 3(xcept)k 5516(that)s 5929(ro)s 6(w)k +6345(marks)s 6976(of)s 7242(w)s 2(ords)k 7872(initially)s +8663(pass)s 0 8395(half)m 447(the)s 800(height)s 1463(of)s +1738(an)s 2026(`x')s 2342(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k +2969(the)s 3321(baseline,)s 4216(small)s 4793(capitals)s 5577(are)s +5929(initially)s 6730(of)s 6(f)k 7079(and)s 7487(will)s +7918(be)s 8205(0.7)s 8558(times)s 0 8107(the)m 346(size)s +770(of)s 1039(full)s 1422(capitals,)s 2255(outlining)s 3170(is)s +3377(initially)s 4170(of)s 6(f,)k 4547(the)s 4892(interpretation)s +6233(of)s 6501(white)s 7085(space)s 7670(is)s 7877(initially)s +220 fnt2 8670 8104(lout)m 240 fnt1 9019 8107(,)m 0 7819(and)m +391(the)s 725(v)s 6(alues)k 1367(of)s 1624(the)s +220 fnt2 1958 7816(y)m 240 fnt1 2112 7819(and)m 220 fnt2 +2502 7816(z)m 240 fnt1 2652 7819(units)m 3154(are)s 3487(zero.)s +4049(Therefore)s 5032(one)s 5420(must)s 5931(ensure)s 6597(that)s +7001(the)s 7335(root)s 7766(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8386(or)s 8631(each)s 0 7531(of)m 271(its)s 548(components)s 1757(is)s 1967(enclosed)s 2863(in)s 220 fnt2 3107 7528(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 3759 7531(,)m 220 fnt2 3866 7528(@Break)m 240 fnt1 @@ -6885,11 +7195,11 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 4743 6952(s)m 240 fnt1 4906 6955(unit)m 5338(is)s 5548(also)s 5986(set)s 6311(by)s 220 fnt2 6605 6952(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 7317 6955(\(Section)m 8170(3.5\).)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark 536 6581(The)m 959(remainder)s 1983(of)s 2249(this)s 2641(section)s 3370(e)s 3(xplains)k 4210(ho)s 6(w)k 4667(the)s 5010(size)s 5433(of)s @@ -6925,18 +7235,18 @@ grestore grestore 0 52(metempsychosis)m grestore -0 714(The)m 432(widest)s 1120(that)s 220 fnt2 -1542 711(@TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 4377 714(could)m 4971(possibly)s -5827(be)s 6113(is)s 6327(\207v)s 3(e)k 6743(centimetres,)s -7954(and)s 8363(accord)s 8998(-)s 0 426(ingly)m 552(that)s -977(is)s 1194(its)s 1477(width.)s 2193(The)s 2628(same)s -3182(applies)s 3917(to)s 220 fnt2 4163 423(metempsychosis)m 240 fnt1 -5791 426(,)m 5905(which)s 6554(is)s 6771(\207v)s 3(e)k -7190(centimetres)s 8348(wide)s 8876(as)s 0 138(well.)m 583(Note)s -1113(carefully)s 2024(that)s 2451(there)s 2992(is)s 3211(no)s -3513(object)s 4166(in)s 4418(this)s 4822(e)s 3(xample)k -5694(whose)s 6371(width)s 6982(is)s 7200(equal)s 7782(to)s -8030(the)s 8387(sum)s 8855(of)s +0 714(The)m 431(widest)s 1119(that)s 220 fnt2 +1541 711(@TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 4376 714(could)m 4970(possibly)s +5826(be)s 6112(is)s 6326(\207v)s 3(e)k 6742(centimetres,)s +7953(and)s 8361(accord-)s 0 426(ingly)m 552(that)s 977(is)s +1194(its)s 1477(width.)s 2193(The)s 2628(same)s 3182(applies)s +3917(to)s 220 fnt2 4163 423(metempsychosis)m 240 fnt1 5791 426(,)m +5905(which)s 6554(is)s 6771(\207v)s 3(e)k 7190(centimetres)s +8348(wide)s 8876(as)s 0 138(well.)m 583(Note)s 1113(carefully)s +2024(that)s 2451(there)s 2992(is)s 3211(no)s 3513(object)s +4166(in)s 4418(this)s 4822(e)s 3(xample)k 5694(whose)s +6371(width)s 6982(is)s 7200(equal)s 7782(to)s 8030(the)s +8387(sum)s 8855(of)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -6951,6 +7261,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6982,43 +7294,49 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(26)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(26)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(the)m 348(widths)s 1037(of)s 1308(the)s 1656(letters)s -2289(of)s 220 fnt2 2560 13202(metempsychosis)m 240 fnt1 4188 13205(.)m -480 12831(The)m 903(\207rst)s 1329(of)s 1595(the)s 1938(three)s -2466(e)s 3(xceptions)k 3532(to)s 3766(the)s 4109(`as)s -4433(wide)s 4949(as)s 5194(possible')s 6085(rule)s 6507(is)s -6712(the)s 220 fnt2 7055 12828(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 -8314 12831(symbol,)m 0 12543(which)m 644(causes)s 1322(the)s 1672(width)s -2277(of)s 2551(its)s 2829(right)s 3343(parameter)s 4360(to)s -4601(be)s 4886(reduced)s 5703(to)s 5945(a)s 6114(reasonable)s -7194(minimum)s 8187(\(a)s 8435(formal)s 0 12255(de\207nition)m 974(will)s -1400(not)s 1766(be)s 2048(attempted\):)s 220 fnt2 480 11754(5c @Wide @HContr)m 2(act @TightBo)k 6(x metempsychosis)k -240 fnt1 0 11255(produces)m 1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 10700 LoutGr2 +0 13205(the)m 348(widths)s 1037(of)s +1308(the)s 1656(letters)s 2289(of)s 220 fnt2 2560 13202(metempsychosis)m +240 fnt1 4188 13205(.)m 480 12831(The)m 903(\207rst)s 1329(of)s +1595(the)s 1938(three)s 2466(e)s 3(xceptions)k 3532(to)s +3766(the)s 4109(`as)s 4433(wide)s 4949(as)s 5194(possible')s +6085(rule)s 6507(is)s 6712(the)s 220 fnt2 7055 12828(@HContr)m 2(act)k +240 fnt1 8314 12831(symbol,)m 0 12543(which)m 644(causes)s 1322(the)s +1672(width)s 2277(of)s 2551(its)s 2829(right)s 3343(parameter)s +4360(to)s 4601(be)s 4886(reduced)s 5703(to)s 5945(a)s +6114(reasonable)s 7194(minimum)s 8187(\(a)s 8435(formal)s 0 12255(de\207nition)m +974(will)s 1400(not)s 1766(be)s 2048(attempted\):)s 220 fnt2 +480 11754(5c @Wide @HContr)m 2(act @TightBo)k 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 0 11255(produces)m +1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 10700 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 0 52(metempsychosis)m grestore -0 10249(The)m 482(object)s -220 fnt2 1180 10246(@HContr)m 2(act @TightBo)k 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 -5334 10249(is)m 5598(still)s 6064(\207v)s 3(e)k 6530(centimetres)s -7735(wide,)s 8361(b)s 4(ut)k 8778(the)s 0 9961(object)m -220 fnt2 644 9958(@TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 3475 9961(has)m -3845(been)s 4354(reduced.)s 480 9587(The)m 922(second)s 1659(of)s -1945(the)s 2307(three)s 2855(e)s 3(xceptions)k 3940(is)s -4165(the)s 4527(horizontal)s 5565(concatenation)s 6965(symbol)s 220 fnt2 -7739 9584(|)m 240 fnt1 7851 9587(\(and)m 8348(also)s 220 fnt2 -8801 9584(&)m 240 fnt1 8943 9587(\).)m 0 9299(Consider)m 924(this)s -1320(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt2 480 8798(5c @Wide @TightBo)m 6(x { A |1c B |1c C })k +0 10249(The)m 482(object)s 220 fnt2 1180 10246(@HContr)m 2(act @TightBo)k 6(x metempsychosis)k +240 fnt1 5334 10249(is)m 5598(still)s 6064(\207v)s 3(e)k +6530(centimetres)s 7735(wide,)s 8361(b)s 4(ut)k 8778(the)s +0 9961(object)m 220 fnt2 644 9958(@TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 +3475 9961(has)m 3845(been)s 4354(reduced.)s 480 9587(The)m 922(second)s +1659(of)s 1945(the)s 2307(three)s 2855(e)s 3(xceptions)k +3940(is)s 4165(the)s 4527(horizontal)s 5565(concatenation)s 6965(symbol)s +220 fnt2 7739 9584(|)m 240 fnt1 7851 9587(\(and)m 8348(also)s +220 fnt2 8801 9584(&)m 240 fnt1 8943 9587(\).)m 0 9299(Consider)m +924(this)s 1320(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt2 480 8798(5c @Wide @TightBo)m 6(x { A |1c B |1c C })k 240 fnt1 0 8299(As)m 317(usual,)s 929(the)s 1277(right)s 1788(parameter)s 2802(of)s 220 fnt2 3073 8296(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 3847 8299(is)m 4057(\207v)s 3(e)k 4469(centimetres)s 5620(wide,)s @@ -7086,7 +7404,7 @@ grestore 348(root)s 793(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 1522(Each)s 2057(is)s 2267(considered)s 3361(to)s 3600(be)s 3882(enclosed)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark 4777(in)s 220 fnt2 5020 2382(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 6284 2385(and)m 220 fnt2 6688 2382(@VContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 7940 2385(symbols.)m 480 2011(Up)m 836(to)s 1086(this)s @@ -7114,6 +7432,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7145,11 +7465,18 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.6.)m -1871(The)s 2283(style)s 2773(and)s 3199(size)s 3610(of)s -3891(objects)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(27)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.6.)m 1871(The)s 2283(style)s 2773(and)s +3199(size)s 3610(of)s 3891(objects)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(27)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -7158,19 +7485,19 @@ grestore 877 170 344 59 240 288 60 480 13198 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore -0 5(953)m -344(.05)s +0 5(953)m 344(.05)s grestore 877 167 344 57 240 288 60 480 12748 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore -230 3(2)m 344(.8286)s +230 3(2)m 344(.8286)s + grestore -0 12297(Lefto)m 3(v)k 3(er)k -868(width)s 1461(usually)s 2197(goes)s 2678(to)s 2908(the)s -3247(right,)s 3796(as)s 4037(we)s 4364(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -4856(seen,)s 5379(b)s 4(ut)k 5732(here)s 6190(some)s -6742(width)s 7335(w)s 2(as)k 7747(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k +0 12297(Lefto)m 3(v)k 3(er)k 868(width)s 1461(usually)s +2197(goes)s 2678(to)s 2908(the)s 3247(right,)s 3796(as)s +4037(we)s 4364(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4856(seen,)s +5379(b)s 4(ut)k 5732(here)s 6190(some)s 6742(width)s +7335(w)s 2(as)k 7747(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8646(only)s 0 12009(to)m 239(the)s 587(left)s 964(of)s 220 fnt2 1235 12006(2.8286)m 240 fnt1 1958 12009(o)m 6(wing)k 2604(to)s 2843(the)s 3191(column)s 3966(mark)s 4518(alignment.)s @@ -7181,9 +7508,9 @@ grestore 2197(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2923(and)s 3328(their)s 3827(tar)s 4(gets,)k 4568(as)s 4820(described)s 5796(in)s 6040(Section)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark 6816(1.4,)s 7225(can)s 7616(be)s 7900(summarized)s 0 10451(in)m 243(three)s 776(la)s 3(ws:)k 240 fnt6 0 9999(F)m 10(ir)k 2(st)k 540(Law)s 240 fnt1 @@ -7226,7 +7553,7 @@ grestore 3161(lying)s 3705(between)s 4558(tw)s 2(o)k 4966(neighbouring)s 6295(potential)s 7185(split)s 7655(points)s 8290(is)s 8498(called)s 0 5806(a)m 240 fnt6 166 5808(component)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1281 5806(of)m 1552(the)s 1900(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 2629(By)s 2963(de\207nition,)s 3987(a)s 4153(component)s 5277(cannot)s @@ -7271,6 +7598,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7305,38 +7634,45 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(28)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(28)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(@Section)m 480 12919( @Title { Introduction })m 480 12631({ )m 11(This is a subject that really)k -480 12343(needs no introduction.)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 11849(becomes)m 220 fnt2 -480 11402(Introduction)m 480 11114(//0.7f)m 480 10826({})m 480 10538(//)m 480 10250(This is a subject that really needs)m -480 9962(//1vx)m 480 9674(no introduction.)m 240 fnt1 0 9220(with)m 482(four)s -939(components.)s 2260(If)s 220 fnt2 2489 9217(@Body)m 240 fnt1 -3269 9220(had)m 3673(been)s 4181(preceded)s 5102(by)s 220 fnt2 -5395 9217(|1.0c)m 240 fnt1 5921 9220(in)m 6164(the)s 6511(de\207nition,)s -7535(the)s 7882(result)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 8932(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k -501(been)s 220 fnt2 480 8484(Introduction)m 480 8196(//0.7f)m 480 7908({})m -480 7620(//)m 480 7332(|1.0c { )m 11(This is a subject that really needs //1vx no introduction.)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 -0 6834(with)m 220 fnt2 524 6831(//1vx)m 240 fnt1 1089 6834(b)m 4(uried)k -1796(within)s 2507(one)s 2951(component)s 4118(and)s 4564(hence)s -5221(not)s 5629(a)s 5838(potential)s 6771(split)s 7285(point.)s -7983(If)s 220 fnt2 8256 6831(0.7f)m 240 fnt1 8722 6834(had)m -0 6546(been)m 220 fnt2 525 6543(0.7fu)m 240 fnt1 999 6546(,)m -1123(the)s 1488(g)s 1(ap)k 1903(w)s 2(ould)k -2575(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3092(been)s 3618(unbreakable)s -4860(and)s 220 fnt2 5281 6543(//0.7fu)m 240 fnt1 5954 6546(w)m 2(ould)k -6625(not)s 7008(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7526(been)s -8052(a)s 8235(potential)s 0 6258(split)m 471(point.)s 480 5884(V)m 26(ersion)k -1310(3.03)s 1816(has)s 2228(liberalized)s 3335(this)s 3773(some)s 6(what)k -4840(in)s 5125(the)s 5515(follo)s 6(wing)k 6534(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k +220 fnt2 480 13207(@Section)m 480 12919( @Title { Introduction })m +480 12631({ )m 11(This is a subject that really)k 480 12343(needs no introduction.)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 +0 11849(becomes)m 220 fnt2 480 11402(Introduction)m 480 11114(//0.7f)m 480 10826({})m +480 10538(//)m 480 10250(This is a subject that really needs)m 480 9962(//1vx)m 480 9674(no introduction.)m 240 fnt1 +0 9220(with)m 482(four)s 939(components.)s 2260(If)s 220 fnt2 +2489 9217(@Body)m 240 fnt1 3269 9220(had)m 3673(been)s 4181(preceded)s +5102(by)s 220 fnt2 5395 9217(|1.0c)m 240 fnt1 5921 9220(in)m +6164(the)s 6511(de\207nition,)s 7535(the)s 7882(result)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k +0 8932(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k 501(been)s 220 fnt2 +480 8484(Introduction)m 480 8196(//0.7f)m 480 7908({})m 480 7620(//)m 480 7332(|1.0c { )m 11(This is a subject that really needs //1vx no introduction.)k 13( })k +240 fnt1 0 6834(with)m 220 fnt2 524 6831(//1vx)m 240 fnt1 +1089 6834(b)m 4(uried)k 1796(within)s 2507(one)s 2951(component)s +4118(and)s 4564(hence)s 5221(not)s 5629(a)s 5838(potential)s +6771(split)s 7285(point.)s 7983(If)s 220 fnt2 8256 6831(0.7f)m +240 fnt1 8722 6834(had)m 0 6546(been)m 220 fnt2 525 6543(0.7fu)m +240 fnt1 999 6546(,)m 1123(the)s 1488(g)s 1(ap)k +1903(w)s 2(ould)k 2575(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +3092(been)s 3618(unbreakable)s 4860(and)s 220 fnt2 5281 6543(//0.7fu)m +240 fnt1 5954 6546(w)m 2(ould)k 6625(not)s 7008(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +7526(been)s 8052(a)s 8235(potential)s 0 6258(split)m 471(point.)s +480 5884(V)m 26(ersion)k 1310(3.03)s 1816(has)s 2228(liberalized)s +3335(this)s 3773(some)s 6(what)k 4840(in)s 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12866(//0.5c)m +3141 12578(Incoming components)m 3141 12290(//0.2c)m 3141 12002(from some other galle)m 4(y)k 3141 11714(//0.5c)m +3141 11426(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt1 0 10870(Otherwise)m 1062(the)s 1435(incoming)s +2416(components)s 3649(are)s 4020(grouped)s 4888(within)s 5580(a)s +220 fnt2 5771 10867(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 6926 10870(symbol)m +7711(and)s 8139(lie)s 8458(within)s 0 10582(one)m 402(component.)s +480 10208(This)m 985(distinction)s 2080(has)s 2480(a)s 2675(mark)s 2(ed)k +3477(ef)s 6(fect)k 4103(on)s 4429(the)s 4806(v)s 3(ertical)k +5603(concatenation)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark +7017(symbol)s 220 fnt2 7806 10205(//1.1b)m 240 fnt1 +8347 10208(,)m 8484(which)s 0 9920(calls)m 509(for)s 868(more)s +1436(space)s 2045(than)s 2535(is)s 2766(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k +3695(\(Section)s 4570(3.2\).)s 5134(There)s 5768(is)s 5999(no)s +6314(room)s 6900(for)s 7259(this)s 7676(symbol)s 8458(within)s +0 9632(an)m 3(y)k 402(component,)s 1579(so)s 1851(it)s +2049(will)s 2481(force)s 3033(a)s 3205(split)s 3682(and)s +4092(be)s 4379(discarded)s 5359(in)s 5608(that)s 6032(case.)s +6613(But)s 7025(it)s 7223(can)s 7618(be)s 7906(promoted)s +8887(to)s 0 9344(between)m 854(tw)s 2(o)k 1264(components.)s +480 8970(Components)m 1749(may)s 2223(be)s 2513(separated)s 3481(by)s +220 fnt2 3783 8967(/)m 240 fnt1 3914 8970(as)m 4172(well)s +4646(as)s 4904(by)s 220 fnt2 5206 8967(//)m 240 fnt1 +5331 8970(,)m 5445(gi)s 6(ving)k 6112(rise)s 6520(to)s +6767(column)s 7550(mark)s 8110(alignment)s 0 8682(between)m 854(adjacent)s +1710(components:)s 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 480 6982 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 @@ -7516,22 +7861,22 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 6531(When)m 688(aligned)s -1509(components)s 2777(are)s 3183(promoted)s 4218(into)s 4702(dif)s 6(ferent)k -5637(tar)s 4(gets,)k 6435(the)s 6843(meaning)s 7779(of)s -8110(alignment)s 0 6243(becomes)m 882(v)s 3(ery)k 1351(doubtful.)s -2319(F)s 3(or)k 2702(e)s 3(xample,)k 3609(what)s -4127(if)s 4338(the)s 4679(tar)s 4(gets)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark -5355(are)s -5696(in)s 5932(dif)s 6(ferent)k 6800(columns)s 7656(of)s -7920(one)s 8315(page,)s 8867(or)s 0 5955(what)m 525(if)s -742(one)s 1144(lies)s 1526(within)s 220 fnt2 2194 5952(90d @Rotate)m -240 fnt1 3482 5955(?)m 480 5581(The)m 908(truth)s 1416(is)s -1626(that)s 220 fnt2 2044 5578(/)m 240 fnt1 2168 5581(causes)m -2843(all)s 3136(the)s 3484(objects)s 4212(that)s 4630(share)s -5190(a)s 5356(mark)s 5908(to)s 6147(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -6648(equal)s 7221(width:)s 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 480 3881 LoutGr2 +0 6531(When)m 688(aligned)s 1509(components)s 2777(are)s +3183(promoted)s 4218(into)s 4702(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5637(tar)s 4(gets,)k +6435(the)s 6843(meaning)s 7779(of)s 8110(alignment)s 0 6243(becomes)m +882(v)s 3(ery)k 1351(doubtful.)s 2319(F)s 3(or)k +2702(e)s 3(xample,)k 3609(what)s 4127(if)s 4338(the)s +4679(tar)s 4(gets)k +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark +5355(are)s 5696(in)s 5932(dif)s 6(ferent)k +6800(columns)s 7656(of)s 7920(one)s 8315(page,)s 8867(or)s +0 5955(what)m 525(if)s 742(one)s 1144(lies)s 1526(within)s +220 fnt2 2194 5952(90d @Rotate)m 240 fnt1 3482 5955(?)m 480 5581(The)m +908(truth)s 1416(is)s 1626(that)s 220 fnt2 2044 5578(/)m +240 fnt1 2168 5581(causes)m 2843(all)s 3136(the)s 3484(objects)s +4212(that)s 4630(share)s 5190(a)s 5356(mark)s 5908(to)s +6147(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6648(equal)s 7221(width:)s +1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 480 3881 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 @@ -7575,32 +7920,31 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 3429(This)m 495(is)s 724(a)s -909(consequence)s 2207(of)s 2497(the)s 2864(`as)s 3212(wide)s -3753(as)s 4022(possible')s 4937(rule)s 5383(\(Section)s 6255(2.6\).)s -6817(Mark)s 7415(alignment)s 8451(occurs)s 240 fnt6 0 3143(incidentally)m -240 fnt1 1124 3141(,)m 1231(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k -2212(the)s 2560(fragments)s 3566(are)s 3913(placed)s 4595(into)s -5020(similar)s 5742(conte)s 3(xts.)k 480 2767(In)m 723(this)s -1106(connection)s 2200(we)s 2521(must)s 3033(also)s 3458(consider)s -4315(the)s 4649(special)s 5354(case)s 5808(of)s 6066(a)s -220 fnt2 6218 2764(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 7103 2767(symbol)m -7850(which)s 8478(shares)s 0 2479(its)m 276(column)s 1051(mark)s -1603(with)s 2085(some)s 2646(other)s 3197(object:)s 220 fnt2 -480 1978(@Galle)m 4(y)k 480 1690(/0.2c)m 480 1402(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt1 -0 903(\(The)m 220 fnt2 501 900(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 -1392 903(may)m 1851(or)s 2104(may)s 2563(not)s 2922(occup)s 2(y)k -3660(an)s 3936(entire)s 4528(component;)s 5698(that)s 6109(doesn')s 4(t)k -6862(matter)s 7525(here.\))s 8177(If)s 8400(incom)s 8998(-)s -0 615(ing)m 355(components)s 1559(are)s 1901(separated)s 2857(by)s -220 fnt2 3147 612(//)m 240 fnt1 3327 615(rather)m 3939(than)s -4404(by)s 220 fnt2 4693 612(/)m 240 fnt1 4757 615(,)m -4860(the)s 5204(meaning)s 6076(is)s 6282(so)s 6544(doubtful)s -7405(that)s 7819(this)s 8211(is)s 8416(forbid)s 8998(-)s -0 327(den.)m 496(In)s 738(f)s 2(act,)k 1186(a)s -1337(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1957(whose)s 2611(components)s -3804(replace)s 4535(such)s 5017(a)s 220 fnt2 5168 324(@Galle)m 4(y)k -240 fnt1 6052 327(must)m 6563(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +0 3429(This)m 495(is)s 724(a)s 909(consequence)s 2207(of)s +2497(the)s 2864(`as)s 3212(wide)s 3753(as)s 4022(possible')s +4937(rule)s 5383(\(Section)s 6255(2.6\).)s 6817(Mark)s 7415(alignment)s +8451(occurs)s 240 fnt6 0 3143(incidentally)m 240 fnt1 1124 3141(,)m +1231(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2212(the)s 2560(fragments)s +3566(are)s 3913(placed)s 4595(into)s 5020(similar)s 5742(conte)s 3(xts.)k +480 2767(In)m 723(this)s 1106(connection)s 2200(we)s 2521(must)s +3033(also)s 3458(consider)s 4315(the)s 4649(special)s 5354(case)s +5808(of)s 6066(a)s 220 fnt2 6218 2764(@Galle)m 4(y)k +240 fnt1 7103 2767(symbol)m 7850(which)s 8478(shares)s 0 2479(its)m +276(column)s 1051(mark)s 1603(with)s 2085(some)s 2646(other)s +3197(object:)s 220 fnt2 480 1978(@Galle)m 4(y)k 480 1690(/0.2c)m +480 1402(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt1 0 903(\(The)m 220 fnt2 501 900(@Galle)m 4(y)k +240 fnt1 1392 903(may)m 1851(or)s 2104(may)s 2563(not)s +2922(occup)s 2(y)k 3660(an)s 3936(entire)s 4528(component;)s +5698(that)s 6109(doesn')s 4(t)k 6862(matter)s 7525(here.\))s +8177(If)s 8400(incom-)s 0 615(ing)m 355(components)s 1559(are)s +1901(separated)s 2857(by)s 220 fnt2 3146 612(//)m 240 fnt1 +3327 615(rather)m 3938(than)s 4403(by)s 220 fnt2 4692 612(/)m +240 fnt1 4756 615(,)m 4859(the)s 5203(meaning)s 6075(is)s +6281(so)s 6542(doubtful)s 7404(that)s 7817(this)s 8209(is)s +8414(forbid-)s 0 327(den.)m 496(In)s 738(f)s 2(act,)k +1186(a)s 1337(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1957(whose)s +2611(components)s 3804(replace)s 4535(such)s 5017(a)s 220 fnt2 +5168 324(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 6052 327(must)m 6563(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7049(a)s 7201(single)s 7814(column)s 8574(mark)s grestore gsave @@ -7617,6 +7961,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7648,39 +7994,44 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(30)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(30)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(running)m 783(its)s 1043(full)s 1413(length;)s 2108(that)s -2510(is,)s 2760(its)s 3021(components)s 4213(must)s 4722(all)s -4999(share)s 5544(a)s 5694(single)s 6305(column)s 7065(mark.)s -7704(This)s 8164(mark)s 8700(will)s 0 12917(be)m 281(mer)s 4(ged)k -1050(with)s 1530(the)s 1876(column)s 2649(mark)s 3199(passing)s -3969(through)s 4769(each)s 220 fnt2 5262 12914(@Galle)m 4(y)k -240 fnt1 6158 12917(that)m 6574(these)s 7119(components)s 8325(replace;)s -0 12629(all)m 293(the)s 641(objects)s 1369(on)s 1666(the)s -2014(resulting)s 2903(mer)s 4(ged)k 3674(mark)s 4226(will)s -4652(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5153(equal)s 5726(width.)s -480 12255(The)m 906(root)s 1348(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -2018(where)s 2655(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 3720(collects)s -4497(immediately)s 5742(prior)s 6264(to)s 6500(output,)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_6 /DEST pdfmark -7217(is)s -7424(created)s 8168(automati)s 8998(-)s 0 11967(cally)m 15(,)k -556(not)s 921(by)s 1214(a)s 1379(de\207nition.)s 2459(Its)s -2747(tar)s 4(get)k 3346(is)s 3555(the)s 3902(output)s -4573(\207le,)s 4984(and)s 5387(its)s 5663(object)s 6306(is)s -6515(the)s 6862(entire)s 7460(input,)s 8058(which)s 8699(typ)s -8998(-)s 0 11679(ically)m 584(looks)s 1154(lik)s 2(e)k -1566(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 11178(@P)m 8(ageList)k 480 10890(//)m -480 10602(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xt {)k 480 10314( Body te)m 6(xt of the document ...)k +0 13205(running)m 783(its)s 1043(full)s +1413(length;)s 2108(that)s 2510(is,)s 2760(its)s 3021(components)s +4213(must)s 4722(all)s 4999(share)s 5544(a)s 5694(single)s +6305(column)s 7065(mark.)s 7704(This)s 8164(mark)s 8700(will)s +0 12917(be)m 281(mer)s 4(ged)k 1050(with)s 1530(the)s +1876(column)s 2649(mark)s 3199(passing)s 3969(through)s 4769(each)s +220 fnt2 5262 12914(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 6158 12917(that)m +6574(these)s 7119(components)s 8325(replace;)s 0 12629(all)m 293(the)s +641(objects)s 1369(on)s 1666(the)s 2014(resulting)s 2903(mer)s 4(ged)k +3674(mark)s 4226(will)s 4652(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +5153(equal)s 5726(width.)s 480 12255(The)m 905(root)s 1347(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k +2016(where)s 2653(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 3717(collects)s +4494(immediately)s 5739(prior)s 6260(to)s 6496(output,)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_6 /DEST pdfmark +7212(is)s +7419(created)s 8162(automati-)s 0 11967(cally)m 15(,)k 555(not)s +920(by)s 1213(a)s 1378(de\207nition.)s 2457(Its)s 2745(tar)s 4(get)k +3343(is)s 3552(the)s 3899(output)s 4569(\207le,)s 4980(and)s +5383(its)s 5658(object)s 6301(is)s 6509(the)s 6856(entire)s +7454(input,)s 8052(which)s 8692(typ-)s 0 11679(ically)m 584(looks)s +1154(lik)s 2(e)k 1566(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 11178(@P)m 8(ageList)k +480 10890(//)m 480 10602(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xt {)k 480 10314( Body te)m 6(xt of the document ...)k 480 10026(})m 240 fnt1 0 9532(where)m 220 fnt2 639 9529(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 1761 9532(e)m 3(xpands)k 2592(to)s 2830(a)s 2994(sequence)s 3925(of)s 4195(pages)s 4789(containing)s 220 fnt2 @@ -7709,7 +8060,7 @@ grestore 2112(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2751(on)s 3054(the)s 3407(output)s 4085(\207le)s 4451(is)s 4666(some)s 6(what)k 5696(problematical,)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_7 /DEST pdfmark 7121(because)s 7940(Lout)s 8457(has)s 8833(no)s 0 5283(w)m 2(ay)k 461(of)s 742(kno)s 6(wing)k 1638(ho)s 6(w)k 2109(lar)s 4(ge)k 2648(the)s @@ -7727,9 +8078,9 @@ grestore 1744(will)s 2198(promote)s 3079(a)s 3273(component)s 4425(only)s 4933(after)s 5457(an)s 3(y)k 5882(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6832(symbols)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_8 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_9 /DEST pdfmark 7709(within)s 8405(it)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 3757(been)m 509(replaced,)s 1426(either)s 2029(by)s 2324(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3048(or)s 3308(by)s 220 fnt2 3602 3754(@Null)m 240 fnt1 @@ -7763,7 +8114,7 @@ grestore 5819(the)s 6156(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6778(concept,)s 7618(called)s 8235(a)s 240 fnt6 8389 1571(for)m 8(cing)k 0 1283(galle)m 7(y)k 240 fnt1 573 1281(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_10 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUTforcing /DEST pdfmark 680(is)s @@ -7786,6 +8137,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7817,18 +8170,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.7.)m -1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 2649(and)s 3075(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k -240 fnt5 10256 -1583(31)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.7.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 2649(and)s +3075(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(31)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(and)m 392(so)s -646(on.)s 1037(When)s 1654(such)s 2138(a)s 2291(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +0 13205(and)m 392(so)s 646(on.)s 1037(When)s +1654(such)s 2138(a)s 2291(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2913(replaces)s 3734(a)s 220 fnt2 3887 13202(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 4773 13205(symbol,)m 5573(Lout)s 6072(replaces)s 6893(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 7457(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8366(symbol)s 0 12917(preceding)m @@ -7901,7 +8261,7 @@ grestore 2586(the)s 2928(symbol)s 3682(that)s 4094(is)s 4297(to)s 4530(be)s 4806(a)s 4966(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5594(a)s 5753(parameter)s 6761(or)s 7014(nested)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_11 /DEST pdfmark 7677(de\207nition)s 8644(with)s 0 7475(the)m 348(special)s 1066(name)s 220 fnt2 1640 7472(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 2467 7475(:)m 220 fnt2 @@ -7953,6 +8313,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7984,26 +8346,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(32)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(32)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(@SomePlace f)m 6(orce)k 240 fnt1 0 12752(it)m -192(will)s 618(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1119(the)s -1467(ef)s 6(fect)k 2063(of)s 2334(a)s 2500(forcing)s -3243(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 3915(while)s -4502(if)s 4719(it)s 4911(happens)s 5747(to)s 5986(attach)s -6613(to)s 220 fnt2 480 12251(@SomePlace nof)m 6(orce)k 240 fnt1 -0 11796(it)m 192(will)s 618(not.)s 480 11422(Although)m 1436(it)s -1621(doesn')s 4(t)k 2374(matter)s 3036(whether)s 3859(a)s -4018(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4645(is)s 4848(declared)s -5708(as)s 5951(a)s 6110(forcing)s 6846(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +220 fnt2 480 13207(@SomePlace f)m 6(orce)k +240 fnt1 0 12752(it)m 192(will)s 618(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +1119(the)s 1467(ef)s 6(fect)k 2063(of)s 2334(a)s +2500(forcing)s 3243(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k +3915(while)s 4502(if)s 4719(it)s 4911(happens)s 5747(to)s +5986(attach)s 6613(to)s 220 fnt2 480 12251(@SomePlace nof)m 6(orce)k +240 fnt1 0 11796(it)m 192(will)s 618(not.)s 480 11422(Although)m +1436(it)s 1621(doesn')s 4(t)k 2374(matter)s 3036(whether)s +3859(a)s 4018(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4645(is)s +4848(declared)s 5708(as)s 5951(a)s 6110(forcing)s 6846(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7473(or)s 7725(merely)s 8435(arri)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 0 11134(at)m 244(a)s 220 fnt2 422 11131(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 1887 11134(symbol)m 2659(from)s 3195(the)s 3555(point)s @@ -8035,13 +8403,13 @@ grestore 3706(b)s 4(ut)k 4068(all)s 4361(its)s 4637(tar)s 4(gets)k 5320(may)s 5786(be)s 6068(set)s 6393(to)s 6632(contain)s 220 fnt2 7393 9403(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 -8786 9406(.)m 480 9032(W)m 9(ithin)k 1197(a)s 1368(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -2045(a)s 2216(symbol)s 2981(whose)s 3654(name)s 4233(is)s -220 fnt2 4448 9029(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 5508 9032(has)m 5883(a)s -6054(special)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_gall_12 /DEST pdfmark -6777(meaning:)s 7772(when)s 8353(compo)s 8998(-)s -0 8744(nents)m 556(of)s 827(the)s 1175(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +8786 9406(.)m 480 9032(W)m 9(ithin)k 1196(a)s 1367(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k +2043(a)s 2214(symbol)s 2978(whose)s 3651(name)s 4229(is)s +220 fnt2 4444 9029(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 5503 9032(has)m 5878(a)s +6048(special)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_12 /DEST pdfmark +6771(meaning:)s 7765(when)s 8346(compo-)s 0 8744(nents)m +556(of)s 827(the)s 1175(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1810(replace)s 2555(a)s 220 fnt2 2721 8741(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 3619 8744(or)m 220 fnt2 3879 8741(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 5332 8744(symbol,)m 6144(that)s 6562(symbol)s 7323(is)s @@ -8122,6 +8490,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8153,22 +8523,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.7.)m -1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 2649(and)s 3075(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k -240 fnt5 10250 -1583(33)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.7.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 2649(and)s +3075(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(33)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13205(A)m 220 fnt2 -709 13202(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 1597 13205(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k -2229(may)s 2693(f)s 2(ail)k 3061(to)s 3299(\207nd)s -3728(a)s 3892(\207rst)s 4321(tar)s 4(get)k 4918(lying)s -5461(in)s 5703(a)s 5867(follo)s 6(wing)k 6842(component)s -7964(of)s 8233(the)s 8579(same)s 0 12917(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k +480 13205(A)m 220 fnt2 709 13202(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k +240 fnt1 1597 13205(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2229(may)s +2693(f)s 2(ail)k 3061(to)s 3299(\207nd)s 3728(a)s +3892(\207rst)s 4321(tar)s 4(get)k 4918(lying)s 5461(in)s +5703(a)s 5867(follo)s 6(wing)k 6842(component)s 7964(of)s +8233(the)s 8579(same)s 0 12917(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 634(as)s 884(its)s 1159(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2213(point.)s 2868(This)s 3344(is)s 3553(a)s 3719(de\207cienc)s 3(y)k 4752(of)s 5023(Basser)s 5719(Lout,)s 6278(which)s 6919(occurs)s @@ -8201,13 +8578,13 @@ grestore 674(order)s 13(.)k 1324(T)s 19(o)k 1618(mak)s 2(e)k 2185(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2903(appear)s 3595(in)s 3832(sorted)s 4469(order)s 9(,)k 5065(as)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_sort_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_sort_1 /DEST pdfmark 5310(is)s 5514(needed)s 6245(in)s 6482(bibliographies)s 7896(and)s 8294(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es,)k 0 5958(a)m 178(parameter)s 1205(or)s 1477(nested)s 2158(de\207nition)s 3145(with)s 3640(the)s 4000(special)s 4731(name)s 220 fnt2 5318 5955(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_sort_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_sort_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 5977 5958(is)m 6200(added)s 6843(to)s 7094(the)s 7455(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8102(de\207nition,)s 0 5670(lik)m 2(e)k 412(this:)s 220 fnt2 @@ -8260,6 +8637,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8294,13 +8673,19 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(34)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(34)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -8342,7 +8727,7 @@ grestore 5406 5896(must)m 5922(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6414(just)s 6809(tw)s 2(o)k 7210(parameters,)s 8355(left)s 8722(and)s 0 5608(right\),)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_sort_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_sort_3 /DEST pdfmark 643(and)s 1054(if)s 1277(that)s 1702(sorted)s 2350(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2991(is)s 3207(preceded)s 4135(in)s 4384(the)s 4739(list)s 5096(of)s 5374(sorted)s @@ -8430,6 +8815,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8461,29 +8848,36 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(2.9.)m -1871(Horizontal)s 2968(galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(35)m -gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.9.)m 1871(Horizontal)s 2968(galle)s 7(ys)k +240 fnt5 10250 -1583(35)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt5 0 13203(2.9.)m 471(Horizontal)s 1628(galleys)s - +240 fnt5 0 13203(2.9.)m +471(Horizontal)s 1628(galleys)s [ /Dest /LOUThorizontal /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 12726(All)m 846(the)s 1201(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k -1932(so)s 2205(f)s 2(ar)k 2534(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -3042(been)s 240 fnt6 3557 12728(vertical)m 4353(galle)s 7(ys)k -240 fnt1 5018 12726(:)m 5191(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k -5922(whose)s 6597(components)s 7812(are)s 8166(separated)s 0 12438(by)m -320(v)s 3(ertical)k 1114(concatenation)s 2525(symbols.)s 3514(There)s -4154(are)s 4527(also)s 4992(horizontal)s 6043(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k -6849(whose)s 7544(components)s 8779(are)s 0 12150(separated)m 951(by)s -1235(the)s 1574(horizontal)s 2588(concatenation)s 3963(operator)s 220 fnt2 -4810 12147(&)m 240 fnt1 5002 12150(\(or)m 5331(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alently)k 15(,)k +240 fnt1 480 12726(All)m 846(the)s +1201(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1932(so)s 2205(f)s 2(ar)k +2534(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3042(been)s 240 fnt6 +3557 12728(vertical)m 4353(galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt1 5018 12726(:)m +5191(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5922(whose)s 6597(components)s +7812(are)s 8166(separated)s 0 12438(by)m 320(v)s 3(ertical)k +1114(concatenation)s 2525(symbols.)s 3514(There)s 4154(are)s 4527(also)s +4992(horizontal)s 6043(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 6849(whose)s +7544(components)s 8779(are)s 0 12150(separated)m 951(by)s 1235(the)s +1574(horizontal)s 2588(concatenation)s 3963(operator)s 220 fnt2 4810 12147(&)m +240 fnt1 5002 12150(\(or)m 5331(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alently)k 15(,)k 6583(by)s 6867(spaces\).)s 7725(These)s 8342(w)s 2(ork)k 8883(in)s 0 11862(the)m 346(same)s 891(w)s 2(ay)k 1340(as)s 1588(v)s 3(ertical)k 2353(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k @@ -8564,6 +8958,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8595,20 +8991,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(36)m -240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(36)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s +9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(will)m 437(be)s 731(preserv)s 3(ed,)k 1776(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k -2287(if)s 2516(the)s 3(y)k 2991(appear)s 3699(in)s -3954(dif)s 6(ferent)k 4841(columns)s 5714(or)s 5985(pages.)s -6706(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +0 13205(will)m 437(be)s 731(preserv)s 3(ed,)k +1776(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2287(if)s 2516(the)s 3(y)k +2991(appear)s 3699(in)s 3954(dif)s 6(ferent)k 4841(columns)s +5714(or)s 5985(pages.)s 6706(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 7677(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8189(though)s 220 fnt2 8924 13202(&)m 240 fnt1 0 12917(aligns)m 635(the)s 996(marks)s 1644(of)s 1928(its)s 2217(tw)s 2(o)k 2640(parameters,)s @@ -8628,12 +9030,12 @@ grestore 0 11765(objects)m 728(separated)s 1688(by)s 1982(this)s 2378(operator)s 3234(cannot)s 3932(be)s 4214(the)s 4562(components)s 5770(of)s 6041(a)s 6207(horizontal)s 7231(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k -480 11391(Lout)m 985(is)s 1187(able)s 1633(to)s 1864(read)s -2325(v)s 3(ertical)k 3084(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k -3800(one)s 4194(paragraph)s 5199(at)s 5424(a)s 5582(time;)s -6110(in)s 6345(this)s 6733(w)s 2(ay)k 7176(it)s -7360(processes)s 8319(the)s 8659(doc)s 8998(-)s 0 11103(ument)m -660(in)s 906(small)s 1481(chunks,)s 2270(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k +480 11391(Lout)m 984(is)s 1186(able)s 1632(to)s 1862(read)s +2323(v)s 3(ertical)k 3082(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k +3798(one)s 4191(paragraph)s 5196(at)s 5420(a)s 5577(time;)s +6105(in)s 6340(this)s 6728(w)s 2(ay)k 7170(it)s +7354(processes)s 8313(the)s 8652(doc-)s 0 11103(ument)m 660(in)s +906(small)s 1481(chunks,)s 2270(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2855(holding)s 3642(more)s 4192(than)s 4664(a)s 4833(fe)s 6(w)k 5242(pages)s 5840(in)s 6086(memory)s 6940(at)s 7175(an)s 3(y)k 7575(time.)s 8166(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k @@ -8684,7 +9086,7 @@ grestore 1817(in)s 2077(Section)s 2869(2.7,)s 3294(the)s 3659(components)s 4885(of)s 5174(a)s 5357(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_opti_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_opti_1 /DEST pdfmark 6009(are)s 6373(promoted)s 7366(one)s 7786(by)s 8097(one)s 8517(into)s 8960(a)s 0 6205(tar)m 4(get.)k 703(When)s 1332(space)s 1919(runs)s 2382(out)s 2748(there,)s 3332(the)s @@ -8721,7 +9123,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 4599 3355(whose)m 5290(v)s 6(alue)k 5880(is)s 220 fnt2 6112 3352(Y)m 30(es)k 240 fnt1 6453 3355(.)m 6639(Lik)s 2(e)k 7153(cross)s 7717(referencing,)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_det_opti_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_opti_2 /DEST pdfmark 8934(it)s 0 3067(tak)m 2(es)k 539(tw)s 2(o)k 947(runs)s 1409(to)s 1646(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2145(ef)s 6(fect.)k @@ -8771,6 +9173,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8798,66 +9202,75 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 13448 0 13448 240 288 60 1417 -14865 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14865 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 13448 0 13448 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 fnt5 0 12397(Chapter)m -1819(3.)s 2400(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 4711(symbols)s +480 fnt5 0 12397(Chapter)m 1819(3.)s 2400(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k +4711(symbols)s [ /Dest /LOUTsymbols /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt5 -0 11133(3.1.)m 471(@Begin)s 1335(and)s 1776(@End)s +240 fnt5 0 11133(3.1.)m 471(@Begin)s 1335(and)s +1776(@End)s [ /Dest /LOUTbegin /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 -480 10656(The)m 905(body)s 1435(of)s 1702(a)s 1864(symbol)s -220 fnt2 2620 10653(@Sym)m 240 fnt1 3324 10656(may)m 3786(be)s -4064(enclosed)s 4955(in)s 220 fnt2 5194 10653(@Begin)m 240 fnt1 -6019 10656(and)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_begi_1 /DEST pdfmark - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_begi_2 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 6419 10653(@End)m 7076(@Sym)s 240 fnt1 -7780 10656(instead)m 8511(of)s 8778(the)s 0 10368(more)m 547(usual)s -1107(braces:)s 220 fnt2 480 9917(def @Section)m 480 9629( named @Title {})m 480 9341( r)m -3(ight @Body)k -480 9053(@Begin)m 480 8765( @Title //2v @Body)m 480 8477(@End @Section)m 240 fnt1 0 8022(The)m 3(y)k -543(may)s 1009(also)s 1447(enclose)s 2220(the)s 2568(right)s -3079(or)s 3338(body)s 3872(parameter)s 4886(of)s 5157(a)s -5323(symbol)s 6083(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation:)k 220 fnt2 -480 7521(@Chapter)m 480 7233( @Title { Introduction })m 480 6945(@Begin)m 480 6657(This subject needs no introduction.)m 480 6369(@End @Chapter)m -240 fnt1 0 5873(Apart)m 651(from)s 1222(their)s 1767(utility)s -2438(as)s 2735(documentation)s 4262(aids,)s 4801(these)s 5396(forms)s -6051(allo)s 6(w)k 6677(Basser)s 7422(Lout)s 7981(to)s -8268(pinpoint)s 0 5585(mismatched)m 1206(braces,)s 1915(which)s 2549(can)s -2930(otherwise)s 3908(create)s 4525(total)s 4996(ha)s 4(v)k 4(oc.)k -5716(F)s 3(or)k 6098(this)s 6486(reason,)s 7209(the)s 3(y)k -7664(should)s 8353(enclose)s 0 5297(the)m 339(major)s 946(parts)s -1451(of)s 1712(documents,)s 2846(such)s 3333(as)s 3573(chapters)s -4410(and)s 4804(sections.)s 5728(Note)s 6240(that)s 6648(braces)s -7299(cannot)s 7987(be)s 8259(replaced)s 0 5009(by)m 220 fnt2 -294 5006(@Begin)m 240 fnt1 1123 5009(and)m 220 fnt2 1527 5006(@End)m -240 fnt1 2188 5009(in)m 2431(general.)s 240 fnt5 0 4216(3.2.)m -471(Concatenation)s 2015(symbols)s 2893(and)s 3334(paragraphs)s +240 fnt1 480 10656(The)m 905(body)s 1435(of)s +1702(a)s 1864(symbol)s 220 fnt2 2620 10653(@Sym)m 240 fnt1 +3324 10656(may)m 3786(be)s 4064(enclosed)s 4955(in)s 220 fnt2 +5194 10653(@Begin)m 240 fnt1 6019 10656(and)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_begi_1 /DEST pdfmark + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_begi_2 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 6419 10653(@End)m +7076(@Sym)s 240 fnt1 7780 10656(instead)m 8511(of)s 8778(the)s +0 10368(more)m 547(usual)s 1107(braces:)s 220 fnt2 480 9917(def @Section)m +480 9629( named @Title {})m 480 9341( r)m -3(ight @Body)k 480 9053(@Begin)m 480 8765( @Title //2v @Body)m +480 8477(@End @Section)m 240 fnt1 0 8022(The)m 3(y)k 543(may)s +1009(also)s 1447(enclose)s 2220(the)s 2568(right)s 3079(or)s +3338(body)s 3872(parameter)s 4886(of)s 5157(a)s 5323(symbol)s +6083(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation:)k 220 fnt2 480 7521(@Chapter)m +480 7233( @Title { Introduction })m 480 6945(@Begin)m 480 6657(This subject needs no introduction.)m 480 6369(@End @Chapter)m 240 fnt1 +0 5873(Apart)m 651(from)s 1222(their)s 1767(utility)s 2438(as)s +2735(documentation)s 4262(aids,)s 4801(these)s 5396(forms)s 6051(allo)s 6(w)k +6677(Basser)s 7422(Lout)s 7981(to)s 8268(pinpoint)s 0 5585(mismatched)m +1206(braces,)s 1915(which)s 2549(can)s 2930(otherwise)s 3908(create)s +4525(total)s 4996(ha)s 4(v)k 4(oc.)k 5716(F)s 3(or)k +6098(this)s 6486(reason,)s 7209(the)s 3(y)k 7664(should)s +8353(enclose)s 0 5297(the)m 339(major)s 946(parts)s 1451(of)s +1712(documents,)s 2846(such)s 3333(as)s 3573(chapters)s 4410(and)s +4804(sections.)s 5728(Note)s 6240(that)s 6648(braces)s 7299(cannot)s +7987(be)s 8259(replaced)s 0 5009(by)m 220 fnt2 294 5006(@Begin)m +240 fnt1 1123 5009(and)m 220 fnt2 1527 5006(@End)m 240 fnt1 +2188 5009(in)m 2431(general.)s 240 fnt5 0 4216(3.2.)m 471(Concatenation)s +2015(symbols)s 2893(and)s 3334(paragraphs)s [ /Dest /LOUTconcatenation /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 -480 3739(There)m 1093(are)s 1440(ten)s 1789(concatenation)s 3174(symbols,)s -4079(in)s 4322(three)s 4855(f)s 2(amilies:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_1 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 -480 3198(/)m 962(^/)s 1547(//)s 2012(^//)s 240 fnt1 -2580 3201(V)m 26(ertical)k 3377(concatenation)s 220 fnt2 480 2910(|)m -962(^|)s 1547(||)s 2012(^||)s 240 fnt1 2580 2913(Horizontal)m -3657(concatenation)s 220 fnt2 480 2622(&)m 962(^&)s 240 fnt1 -2580 2625(In-paragraph)m 3871(concatenation)s 0 2084(Each)m 587(symbol)s 1399(produces)s -2367(an)s 2702(object)s 3398(which)s 4093(combines)s 5113(together)s -6008(the)s 6409(tw)s 2(o)k 6871(parameters.)s 8134(The)s -8615(right)s 0 1796(parameter)m 1014(must)s 1539(be)s 1821(separated)s -2781(from)s 3305(the)s 3653(symbol)s 4413(by)s 4707(at)s -4939(least)s 5436(one)s 5838(white)s 6425(space)s 7012(character)s 13(.)k -480 1422(The)m 906(v)s 3(ertical)k 1670(concatenation)s 3052(symbol)s -220 fnt2 3809 1419(/)m 240 fnt1 3930 1422(places)m 4575(its)s -4848(left)s 5222(parameter)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_2 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 480 3739(There)m +1093(are)s 1440(ten)s 1789(concatenation)s 3174(symbols,)s 4079(in)s +4322(three)s 4855(f)s 2(amilies:)k +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_1 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 480 3198(/)m +962(^/)s 1547(//)s 2012(^//)s 240 fnt1 2580 3201(V)m 26(ertical)k +3377(concatenation)s 220 fnt2 480 2910(|)m 962(^|)s 1547(||)s +2012(^||)s 240 fnt1 2580 2913(Horizontal)m 3657(concatenation)s 220 fnt2 +480 2622(&)m 962(^&)s 240 fnt1 2580 2625(In-paragraph)m 3871(concatenation)s +0 2084(Each)m 587(symbol)s 1399(produces)s 2367(an)s 2702(object)s +3398(which)s 4093(combines)s 5113(together)s 6008(the)s 6409(tw)s 2(o)k +6871(parameters.)s 8134(The)s 8615(right)s 0 1796(parameter)m 1014(must)s +1539(be)s 1821(separated)s 2781(from)s 3305(the)s 3653(symbol)s +4413(by)s 4707(at)s 4939(least)s 5436(one)s 5838(white)s +6425(space)s 7012(character)s 13(.)k 480 1422(The)m 906(v)s 3(ertical)k +1670(concatenation)s 3052(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3809 1419(/)m 240 fnt1 +3930 1422(places)m 4575(its)s 4848(left)s 5222(parameter)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_2 /DEST pdfmark 6233(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 6852(its)s 7125(right)s 7633(parameter)s 8644(with)s 0 1134(their)m 519(column)s 1317(marks)s 1975(aligned.)s 2866(If)s 3119(one)s @@ -8871,18 +9284,23 @@ grestore 1908(concatenation)s 3280(symbols)s 220 fnt2 4117 181(|)m 240 fnt1 4201 184(and)m 220 fnt2 4593 181(||)m 240 fnt1 4734 184(are)m 5069(horizontal)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_3 /DEST pdfmark 6080(analogues)s 7076(of)s 220 fnt2 7334 181(/)m 240 fnt1 7446 184(and)m 220 fnt2 7837 181(//)m 240 fnt1 7962 184(:)m 8116(the)s 3(y)k 8566(place)s grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -14865 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14865 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -192 fnt5 -5856 -15421(37)m +192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5856 -15421(37)m +grestore + grestore grestore @@ -8918,22 +9336,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(38)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(38)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(their)m 488(tw)s 2(o)k -888(parameters)s 1976(side)s 2407(by)s 2692(side,)s 3174(with)s -3646(ro)s 6(w)k 4056(mark)s 4599(alignment)s 5605(or)s -5854(top-justi\207cation)s 7414(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k +0 13205(their)m +488(tw)s 2(o)k 888(parameters)s 1976(side)s 2407(by)s +2692(side,)s 3174(with)s 3646(ro)s 6(w)k 4056(mark)s +4599(alignment)s 5605(or)s 5854(top-justi\207cation)s 7414(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k 8698(The)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 12917(in-paragraph)m 1278(concatenation)s 2663(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3423 12914(&)m 240 fnt1 3625 12917(produces)m 4540(horizontal)s 5564(concatenation)s 6949(within)s 7617(a)s 7783(paragraph;)s 8850(its)s 0 12629(special)m @@ -8975,7 +9399,7 @@ grestore 938(mark)s 1494(is)s 1708(designated)s 2793(as)s 3047(the)s 240 fnt6 3398 9025(principal)m 4339(mark)s 240 fnt1 4835 9023(,)m 4946(usually)s 5695(the)s 6047(mark)s 6602(of)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_5 /DEST pdfmark 6877(the)s 7229(\207rst)s 7664(component.)s 8896(A)s 0 8735(later)m 486(mark)s 1042(can)s 1435(be)s 1721(chosen)s 2447(for)s 2789(this)s @@ -8984,7 +9408,7 @@ grestore 8317(symbol.)s 0 8447(See)m 401(Section)s 1175(3.13)s 1639(for)s 1977(e)s 3(xamples.)k 480 8073(A)m 240 fnt6 712 8075(gap)m 240 fnt1 1065 8073(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_6 /DEST pdfmark 1175(specifying)s 2227(the)s 2578(distance)s 3420(between)s 4277(the)s 4627(tw)s 2(o)k 5040(parameters,)s 6197(may)s 6666(follo)s 6(w)k 7341(an)s 3(y)k @@ -9016,7 +9440,7 @@ grestore 3966(mode)s 4548(plus)s 4992(an)s 5268(optional)s 6101(indication)s 7108(of)s 7373(unbreakability)s 15(.)k 8896(A)s 240 fnt6 0 4973(length)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_7 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 659 4971(is)m 875(represented)s 2040(by)s 2341(an)s 2630(decimal)s 3447(number)s 4244(\(which)s 4972(may)s 5444(not)s 5816(be)s 6104(ne)s 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e\))k @@ -9027,29 +9451,29 @@ grestore 7847(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 8393(the)s 8740(full)s 0 4395(selection)m 906(of)s 1177(units)s 1693(of)s 1964(measurement.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_8 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_9 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_10 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_11 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_12 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_13 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_14 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_14 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_15 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_15 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_16 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_16 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_17 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_17 /DEST pdfmark 480 4021(After)m 1045(the)s 1396(length)s 2054(comes)s 2718(an)s 3004(optional)s 240 fnt6 3846 4023(gap)m 4261(mode)s 240 fnt1 4773 4021(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_18 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_18 /DEST pdfmark 4883(which)s 5528(is)s 5740(a)s 5909(single)s 6539(letter)s 7090(follo)s 6(wing)k 8070(the)s 8421(length,)s 0 3733(indicating)m 1031(ho)s 6(w)k 1514(the)s 1884(length)s @@ -9057,9 +9481,9 @@ grestore 4801(sho)s 6(wn)k 5500(in)s 5765(Figure)s 6468(3.2,)s 6897(with)s 7401(edge-to-edge)s 8728(g)s 1(ap)k 0 3445(mode)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_19 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_19 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_20 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_20 /DEST pdfmark 603(the)s 967(length)s 240 fnt6 1638 3447(l)m 240 fnt1 1780 3445(is)m 2006(measured)s 2996(from)s 3536(the)s 3900(trailing)s 4658(edge)s 5181(of)s 5468(the)s 5832(\207rst)s 6279(object)s @@ -9069,24 +9493,24 @@ grestore 4833 3154(e)m 240 fnt1 5005 3157(may)m 5469(be)s 5749(omitted.)s 6642(Hyphenation)s 7934(g)s 1(ap)k 8330(mode)s 8916(is)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_21 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_21 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_22 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_22 /DEST pdfmark 0 2869(similar)m 9(,)k 760(e)s 3(xcept)k 1441(as)s 1691(e)s 3(xplained)k 2676(at)s 2908(the)s 3256(end)s 3660(of)s 3931(this)s 4327(section.)s 480 2495(Mark-to-mark,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_23 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_23 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_24 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_24 /DEST pdfmark 1957(o)s 3(v)k 3(erstrik)k 2(e,)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_25 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_25 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_26 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_26 /DEST pdfmark 3028(and)s 3450(k)s 2(erning)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_27 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_27 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_28 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_28 /DEST pdfmark 4249(measure)s 5118(the)s 5484(length)s 6156(from)s 6698(the)s 7063(last)s 7471(mark)s 8041(of)s 8329(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 2207(object)m 648(to)s @@ -9107,13 +9531,13 @@ grestore 4673(other)s 5248(object;)s 5969(this)s 6389(mode)s 7001(is)s 7235(used)s 7756(for)s 8119(subscripts)s 0 1055(and)m 404(superscripts.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_29 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_29 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_30 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_30 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_31 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_31 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_32 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_32 /DEST pdfmark 558 681(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k 1646(ignores)s 2419(the)s 2785(\207rst)s 3234(object)s 3896(and)s 4318(places)s 4984(the)s 5350(leading)s 6125(edge)s 6651(of)s 6940(the)s 7306(second)s @@ -9142,6 +9566,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -9173,11 +9599,18 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.2.)m -1871(Concatenation)s 3335(symbols)s 4161(and)s 4587(par)s 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k -240 fnt5 10249 -1583(39)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.2.)m 1871(Concatenation)s 3335(symbols)s 4161(and)s +4587(par)s 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k 240 fnt5 +10249 -1583(39)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -9208,10 +9641,10 @@ grestore grestore grestore -220 fnt2 170 13116(c)m -gsave +220 fnt2 170 13116(c)m gsave 339 13368 translate -240 fnt1 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 +170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore @@ -9233,8 +9666,7 @@ gsave grestore grestore -240 fnt1 679 13119(Centimetres.)m -170 0 0 0 240 288 60 8896 13368 LoutGr2 +240 fnt1 679 13119(Centimetres.)m 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 8896 13368 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhsp grestore @@ -9269,7 +9701,8 @@ grestore grestore grestore -220 fnt2 170 12775(i)m 240 fnt1 679 12778(Inches.)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12941 LoutGr2 +220 fnt2 +170 12775(i)m 240 fnt1 679 12778(Inches.)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12941 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -9299,10 +9732,10 @@ grestore grestore grestore -220 fnt2 -170 12437(p)m 240 fnt1 679 12440(Points)m 1328(\()s 220 fnt2 -1401 12437(72p)m 240 fnt1 1819 12440(=)m 220 fnt2 2007 12437(1i)m -240 fnt1 2163 12440(\).)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12603 LoutGr2 +220 fnt2 170 12437(p)m +240 fnt1 679 12440(Points)m 1328(\()s 220 fnt2 1401 12437(72p)m +240 fnt1 1819 12440(=)m 220 fnt2 2007 12437(1i)m 240 fnt1 +2163 12440(\).)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12603 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -9332,10 +9765,9 @@ grestore grestore grestore -220 fnt2 170 12055(m)m 240 fnt1 -679 12058(Ems)m 1155(\()s 220 fnt2 1228 12055(12m)m 240 fnt1 -1701 12058(=)m 220 fnt2 1889 12055(1i)m 240 fnt1 2045 12058(\).)m -0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12220 LoutGr2 +220 fnt2 170 12055(m)m 240 fnt1 679 12058(Ems)m +1155(\()s 220 fnt2 1228 12055(12m)m 240 fnt1 1701 12058(=)m +220 fnt2 1889 12055(1i)m 240 fnt1 2045 12058(\).)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12220 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -9365,10 +9797,11 @@ grestore grestore grestore -220 fnt2 170 11678(f)m 240 fnt1 679 11681(One)m 220 fnt2 -1123 11678(f)m 240 fnt1 1229 11681(equals)m 1879(the)s 2215(size)s -2631(of)s 2890(the)s 3226(current)s 3950(font,)s 4431(as)s -4669(speci\207ed)s 5565(by)s 5847(the)s 220 fnt2 6184 11678(@F)m 6(ont)k +220 fnt2 +170 11678(f)m 240 fnt1 679 11681(One)m 220 fnt2 1123 11678(f)m +240 fnt1 1229 11681(equals)m 1879(the)s 2215(size)s 2631(of)s +2890(the)s 3226(current)s 3950(font,)s 4431(as)s 4669(speci\207ed)s +5565(by)s 5847(the)s 220 fnt2 6184 11678(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 6884 11681(symbol)m 7632(\(Section)s 8473(3.3\).)s 679 11393(This)m 1155(unit)s 1587(is)s 1797(appropriate)s 2941(for)s 3279(lengths)s 4021(that)s 4439(should)s 5136(change)s 5870(with)s 6352(the)s @@ -9726,13 +10159,13 @@ grestore 4377(of)s 4603(measurement)s 5713(pro)s 3(vided)k 6468(by)s 6713(Lout.)s 240 fnt1 0 4758(will)m 426(centre)s 1065(it.)s 480 4384(The)m 914(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 1488 4381(|0r)m -8(t)k -240 fnt1 1871 4384(separating)m 2913(the)s 3267(\207rst)s 3704(and)s -4115(second)s 4844(items)s 5418(in)s 5667(a)s 5840(sequence)s -6779(of)s 7056(horizontally)s 8272(concate)s 8998(-)s 0 4096(nated)m -572(objects)s 1296(is)s 1502(some)s 6(what)k 2522(special)s -3236(in)s 3475(that)s 3889(it)s 4077(denotes)s 4855(left)s -5228(justi\207cation)s 6409(of)s 6676(the)s 7020(object)s 7660(to)s -7895(its)s 8167(left)s 8540(in)s 8778(the)s 0 3808(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k +240 fnt1 1871 4384(separating)m 2912(the)s 3266(\207rst)s 3703(and)s +4113(second)s 4842(items)s 5416(in)s 5665(a)s 5837(sequence)s +6776(of)s 7053(horizontally)s 8268(concate-)s 0 4096(nated)m 572(objects)s +1296(is)s 1502(some)s 6(what)k 2522(special)s 3236(in)s +3475(that)s 3889(it)s 4077(denotes)s 4855(left)s 5228(justi\207cation)s +6409(of)s 6676(the)s 7020(object)s 7660(to)s 7895(its)s +8167(left)s 8540(in)s 8778(the)s 0 3808(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 902(space.)s 1590(This)s 2059(is)s 2262(identical)s 3132(with)s 220 fnt2 3607 3805(|0ie)m 240 fnt1 4001 3808(when)m 4570(the)s 4911(object)s 5548(to)s 5780(the)s 6121(left)s 6491(also)s @@ -9765,9 +10198,9 @@ grestore 1523(objects)s 2254(are)s 2603(separated)s 3566(only)s 4048(by)s 4345(zero)s 4811(or)s 5072(more)s 5622(white)s 6211(space)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_33 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_33 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_34 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_34 /DEST pdfmark 6801(characters)s 7821(\(spaces,)s 8634(tabs,)s 0 1044(ne)m 6(wlines,)k 983(and)s 1420(formfeeds\),)s 2607(Lout)s 3152(inserts)s 220 fnt2 3859 1041(&)m 240 fnt6 4001 1046(k)m 220 fnt2 4111 1041(s)m @@ -9800,6 +10233,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -9831,11 +10266,17 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(40)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(40)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -9844,15 +10285,16 @@ grestore 6166 7484 0 7484 240 288 60 1450 5884 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore -0 6710(Edge-to-edge)m 220 fnt2 1786 6707(|)m -240 fnt6 1843 6712(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 6707(e)m 240 fnt1 -0 5558(Hyphenation)m 220 fnt2 1786 5555(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 5560(l)m -220 fnt2 1929 5555(h)m 240 fnt1 0 4406(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k -220 fnt2 1786 4403(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 4408(l)m 220 fnt2 -1929 4403(o)m 240 fnt1 0 3254(Mark-to-mark)m 220 fnt2 1786 3251(|)m -240 fnt6 1843 3256(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 3251(x)m 240 fnt1 -0 2102(K)m 6(erning)k 220 fnt2 1786 2099(|)m 240 fnt6 -1843 2104(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 2099(k)m 240 fnt1 0 950(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k +0 6710(Edge-to-edge)m +220 fnt2 1786 6707(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 6712(l)m 220 fnt2 +1929 6707(e)m 240 fnt1 0 5558(Hyphenation)m 220 fnt2 1786 5555(|)m +240 fnt6 1843 5560(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 5555(h)m 240 fnt1 +0 4406(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k 220 fnt2 1786 4403(|)m +240 fnt6 1843 4408(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 4403(o)m 240 fnt1 +0 3254(Mark-to-mark)m 220 fnt2 1786 3251(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 3256(l)m +220 fnt2 1929 3251(x)m 240 fnt1 0 2102(K)m 6(erning)k +220 fnt2 1786 2099(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 2104(l)m 220 fnt2 +1929 2099(k)m 240 fnt1 0 950(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k 220 fnt2 1786 947(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 952(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 947(t)m gsave 2764 0 translate @@ -10880,7 +11322,7 @@ grestore 1672(of)s 1958(tw)s 2(o)k 2383(or)s 2657(more)s 3219(objects)s 3962(separated)s 4936(by)s 220 fnt2 5245 4686(&)m 240 fnt1 5462 4689(symbols)m 6326(is)s 6551(a)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_35 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_35 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 6732 4691(par)m 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aph)k 240 fnt1 7745 4689(.)m 7924(Lout)s 8451(breaks)s 0 4401(paragraphs)m 1100(into)s @@ -10896,13 +11338,13 @@ grestore [ /Rect [2605 3822 2718 3989] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark 2605(6)s 2718(].)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_36 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_36 /DEST pdfmark 480 3451(If)m 735(an)s 220 fnt2 1043 3448(&)m 240 fnt1 1271 3451(symbol)m 2056(whose)s 2750(g)s 1(ap)k 3173(has)s 3568(h)s 1(yphenation)k 4834(mode)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_37 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_37 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_conc_38 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_38 /DEST pdfmark 5447(is)s 5683(chosen)s 6430(for)s 6793(replacement)s 8046(by)s 220 fnt2 8365 3448(//1vx)m 240 fnt1 8827 3451(,)m 8960(a)s 0 3163(h)m 1(yphen)k @@ -10916,8 +11358,8 @@ grestore 590(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1091(the)s 1439(follo)s 6(wing)k 2416(result,)s 3053(depending)s 4104(where)s 4744(the)s 5092(line)s 5506(breaks)s 6181(f)s 2(all:)k 480 1376(Long)m 1038(w)s 2(ords)k -1670(may)s 2135(be)s 2415(h)s 1(yphenat)k 3292(-)s -480 1088(ed.)m 0 635(Basser)m 727(Lout)s 1269(inserts)s 1973(h)s 1(yphenation)k +1670(may)s 2135(be)s 2415(h)s 1(yphenat-)k 480 1088(ed.)m +0 635(Basser)m 727(Lout)s 1269(inserts)s 1973(h)s 1(yphenation)k 3243(g)s 1(aps)k 3762(automatically)s 5147(as)s 5427(required,)s 6360(ag)s 1(ain)k 6964(follo)s 6(wing)k 7971(the)s 8350(method)s 0 347(of)m 304(T)s 400 299(E)m 507 347(X)m @@ -10943,6 +11385,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10978,18 +11422,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.2.)m -1871(Concatenation)s 3335(symbols)s 4161(and)s 4587(par)s 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k -240 fnt5 10256 -1583(41)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.2.)m 1871(Concatenation)s 3335(symbols)s 4161(and)s +4587(par)s 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k 240 fnt5 +10256 -1583(41)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(h)m 1(yphenation)k -1248(mode.)s 1952(T)s 19(o)k 2260(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k +0 13205(h)m 1(yphenation)k 1248(mode.)s +1952(T)s 19(o)k 2260(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 3036(the)s 3392(h)s 1(yphenation)k 4640(of)s 4919(a)s 5093(single)s 5728(w)s 2(ord,)k 6333(enclose)s 7114(it)s 7314(in)s 7565(quotes.)s 8363(Further)s 0 12917(control)m 769(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k @@ -11002,15 +11453,15 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTfont /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11365(A)m 240 fnt6 728 11367(font)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1182 11365(is)m 1410(a)s 1594(collection)s 2611(of)s 2900(characters)s 3936(which)s 4596(may)s 5080(be)s 5380(printed.)s 6239(Man)s 3(y)k 6867(fonts)s 7414(come)s 8006(in)s 240 fnt6 8268 11367(families)m 240 fnt1 9019 11365(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 11077(which)m 634(are)s 973(groups)s 1667(of)s 1930(fonts)s 2450(that)s 2860(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3352(been)s 3853(designed)s 4754(to)s 4984(go)s 5269(together)s 13(.)k @@ -11035,9 +11486,9 @@ grestore 0 8055(be)m 282(applied)s 1044(to)s 1283(man)s 3(y)k 1866(font)s 2311(f)s 2(amilies.)k 480 7681(Lig)m 1(atures,)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_4 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_5 /DEST pdfmark 1488(such)s 1984(as)s 2234(\210)s 2420(for)s 2758(f)s 2849(l)s 2970(and)s 3375(\207)s 3560(for)s 3898(f)s 3989(i,)s 4163(are)s 4510(considered)s 5604(by)s 5899(Basser)s @@ -11064,7 +11515,7 @@ grestore 4278(is)s 4488(rarely)s 5098(needed.)s 480 4204(More)m 1046(generally)s 15(,)k 2018(the)s 220 fnt2 2357 4201(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 3061 4204(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_6 /DEST pdfmark 3812(returns)s 4517(its)s 4784(right)s 5287(parameter)s 6292(in)s 6526(a)s 6683(font)s 7120(and)s 7515(size)s 7933(speci\207ed)s 8832(by)s 0 3916(its)m 276(left:)s 220 fnt2 @@ -11117,6 +11568,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11148,36 +11601,43 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(42)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(42)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(has)m 370(result)s 480 12724(hello,)m -240 fnt6 1065 12726(hello,)m 300 fnt1 1636 12711(hello)m 240 fnt1 -0 12240(The)m 457(\207rst)s 918(inner)s 220 fnt2 1498 12237(@F)m 6(ont)k -240 fnt1 2240 12240(inherits)m 3037(the)s 3414(outer)s 3995(f)s 2(amily)k -4699(and)s 5133(size,)s 5641(changing)s 6601(only)s 7111(the)s -7488(f)s 2(ace;)k 8025(the)s 8403(second)s 0 11952(inherits)m -754(the)s 1089(outer)s 1627(f)s 2(amily)k 2289(and)s -2680(f)s 2(ace.)k 3225(When)s 3841(a)s 3994(f)s 2(amily)k -4656(name)s 5217(is)s 5413(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k -6030(it)s 6209(must)s 6721(be)s 6990(follo)s 6(wed)k -7878(immediately)s 0 11664(by)m 294(a)s 460(f)s 2(ace)k -911(name.)s 1593(A)s 1823(size)s 2250(change)s 2984(may)s -3450(appear)s 4147(\207rst)s 4578(or)s 4837(last.)s 480 11290(Sizes)m -1035(of)s 1307(the)s 1656(form)s 2180(+)s 240 fnt6 -2308 11292(length)m 240 fnt1 2962 11290(and)m 3367(\211)s 240 fnt6 -3487 11292(length)m 240 fnt1 4140 11290(may)m 4607(also)s 5046(be)s -5328(used,)s 5875(meaning)s 6753(that)s 7171(the)s 7520(font)s -7966(size)s 8393(is)s 8604(to)s 8844(be)s 240 fnt6 -0 11004(length)m 240 fnt1 649 11002(lar)m 4(ger)k 1257(or)s -1512(smaller)s 2269(than)s 2734(the)s 3078(inherited)s 3981(v)s 6(alue.)k +0 13205(has)m +370(result)s 480 12724(hello,)m 240 fnt6 1065 12726(hello,)m 300 fnt1 +1636 12711(hello)m 240 fnt1 0 12240(The)m 457(\207rst)s 918(inner)s +220 fnt2 1498 12237(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 2240 12240(inherits)m +3037(the)s 3414(outer)s 3995(f)s 2(amily)k 4699(and)s +5133(size,)s 5641(changing)s 6601(only)s 7111(the)s 7488(f)s 2(ace;)k +8025(the)s 8403(second)s 0 11952(inherits)m 754(the)s 1089(outer)s +1627(f)s 2(amily)k 2289(and)s 2680(f)s 2(ace.)k +3225(When)s 3841(a)s 3994(f)s 2(amily)k 4656(name)s +5217(is)s 5413(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 6030(it)s +6209(must)s 6721(be)s 6990(follo)s 6(wed)k 7878(immediately)s +0 11664(by)m 294(a)s 460(f)s 2(ace)k 911(name.)s +1593(A)s 1823(size)s 2250(change)s 2984(may)s 3450(appear)s +4147(\207rst)s 4578(or)s 4837(last.)s 480 11290(Sizes)m 1035(of)s +1307(the)s 1656(form)s 2180(+)s 240 fnt6 2308 11292(length)m +240 fnt1 2962 11290(and)m 3367(\211)s 240 fnt6 3487 11292(length)m +240 fnt1 4140 11290(may)m 4607(also)s 5046(be)s 5328(used,)s +5875(meaning)s 6753(that)s 7171(the)s 7520(font)s 7966(size)s +8393(is)s 8604(to)s 8844(be)s 240 fnt6 0 11004(length)m +240 fnt1 649 11002(lar)m 4(ger)k 1257(or)s 1512(smaller)s +2269(than)s 2734(the)s 3078(inherited)s 3981(v)s 6(alue.)k 4652(F)s 3(or)k 5037(e)s 3(xample,)k 5947(\211)s 220 fnt2 6067 10999(2p)m 240 fnt1 6359 11002(is)m 6564(often)s 7108(used)s 7601(for)s 7934(superscripts)s 0 10714(and)m 407(subscripts.)s @@ -11190,7 +11650,7 @@ grestore 480 10052(The)m 220 fnt2 908 10049(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 1620 10052(symbol)m 2380(also)s 2818(switches)s 3692(to)s 3931(and)s 4335(from)s 4859(small)s 5431(capitals:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9551(smallcaps @F)m 6(ont ...)k 480 9263(nosmallcaps @F)m 6(ont ...)k 240 fnt1 0 8767(These)m 639(may)s 1118(be)s 1412(nested,)s 2143(and)s 2559(the)s 3(y)k @@ -11289,6 +11749,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11320,14 +11782,20 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.3.)m -1871(@F)s 25(ont,)k 2611(@Char)s 26(,)k 3391(and)s -3817(@F)s 25(ontDef)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(43)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.3.)m 1871(@F)s 25(ont,)k 2611(@Char)s 26(,)k +3391(and)s 3817(@F)s 25(ontDef)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(43)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -11357,125 +11825,124 @@ grestore 2061(that)s 2499(certain)s 3225(fonts)s 3773(e)s 3(xist,)k 4348(it)s 4560(is)s 4790(necessary)s 5793(to)s 6051(create)s 6696(a)s 6882(database)s 7781(of)s 220 fnt2 8072 11302(@F)m 6(ontDef)k -240 fnt1 0 11017(symbols.)m 962(A)s 1192(typical)s 1897(entry)s -2442(in)s 2685(such)s 3181(a)s 3347(database)s 4226(looks)s -4796(lik)s 2(e)k 5208(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 10516({ @F)m 6(ontDef)k -480 10228( @T)m 26(ag { )k 11(Times-Base })k 480 9940( @F)m 11(amily { )k 11(Times })k -480 9652( @F)m 11(ace { Base })k 480 9364( @Name { )m 11(Times-Roman })k 480 9076( @Metr)m -3(ics { )k 11(Ti-Rm })k -480 8788( @Mapping { LtLatin1.LCM })m 480 8500(})m 240 fnt1 0 8006(This)m 483(entry)s +240 fnt1 0 11017(symbols.)m 990(\(It)s 1303(is)s 1542(possible)s +2411(to)s 2679(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3209(a)s +220 fnt2 3404 11014(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 240 fnt1 4487 11017(symbol)m +5275(in)s 5547(an)s 5859(ordinary)s 6752(source)s 7461(\207le;)s +7907(it)s 8128(enters)s 8778(the)s 0 10729(cross-reference)m 1513(database)s +2393(in)s 2637(the)s 2986(usual)s 3547(w)s 2(ay)k +3999(and)s 4404(is)s 4615(retrie)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k +5513(from)s 6038(there)s 6572(by)s 6867(the)s 7216(font)s +7662(machinery)s 15(,)k 8764(b)s 4(ut)k 0 10441(only)m +497(from)s 1039(the)s 1405(second)s 2146(run,)s 2590(which)s +3250(is)s 3478(not)s 3862(con)s 9(v)k 3(enient.\))k +5166(A)s 5414(typical)s 6137(entry)s 6700(in)s 6961(such)s +7475(a)s 7659(database)s 8556(looks)s 0 10153(lik)m 2(e)k +412(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 9702({ @F)m 6(ontDef)k 480 9414( @T)m 26(ag { )k 11(Times-Base })k +480 9126( @F)m 11(amily { )k 11(Times })k 480 8838( @F)m 11(ace { Base })k +480 8550( @Name { )m 11(Times-Roman })k 480 8262( @Metr)m -3(ics { )k 11(Ti-Rm })k +480 7974( @Mapping { LtLatin1.LCM })m 480 7686(})m 240 fnt1 0 7192(This)m 483(entry)s 1035(informs)s 1837(Lout)s 2356(of)s 2635(the)s 2990(e)s 3(xistence)k 3940(of)s 4218(a)s 4392(font)s 4844(whose)s 5520(f)s 2(amily)k 6202(name)s 6784(is)s 7001(the)s 7357(v)s 6(alue)k -7932(of)s 220 fnt2 8211 8003(@F)m 11(amily)k 240 fnt1 -0 7718(and)m 398(whose)s 1059(f)s 2(ace)k 1503(name)s +7932(of)s 220 fnt2 8211 7189(@F)m 11(amily)k 240 fnt1 +0 6904(and)m 398(whose)s 1059(f)s 2(ace)k 1503(name)s 2070(is)s 2273(the)s 2614(v)s 6(alue)k 3175(of)s -220 fnt2 3439 7715(@F)m 11(ace)k 240 fnt1 4131 7718(.)m -4288(The)s 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4755(a)s 4911(f)s 2(ace)k 5352(name,)s 5968(the)s 3(y)k 6421(must)s 6936(be)s 7208(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k -7778(one,)s 8221(probably)s 220 fnt2 0 6851(Base)m 240 fnt1 -492 6854(,)m 599(by)s 893(their)s 220 fnt2 1390 6851(@F)m 6(ontDef)k -240 fnt1 2384 6854(.)m 480 6480(The)m 950(other)s 1543(\207elds)s +7778(one,)s 8221(probably)s 220 fnt2 0 6037(Base)m 240 fnt1 +492 6040(,)m 599(by)s 893(their)s 220 fnt2 1390 6037(@F)m 6(ontDef)k +240 fnt1 2384 6040(.)m 480 5666(The)m 950(other)s 1543(\207elds)s 2154(are)s 2543(implementation-dependent,)s 5255(b)s 4(ut)k 5659(in)s 5944(Basser)s 6683(Lout)s 7237(V)s 26(ersion)k 8067(3)s -8273(the)s 3(y)k 8779(are)s 220 fnt2 0 6189(@Name)m -240 fnt1 800 6192(,)m 908(a)s 1076(PostScript)s 2120(font)s -2567(name;)s 220 fnt2 3198 6189(@Metr)m -3(ics)k 240 fnt1 -4124 6192(,)m 4293(an)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_8 /DEST pdfmark +8273(the)s 3(y)k 8779(are)s 220 fnt2 0 5375(@Name)m +240 fnt1 800 5378(,)m 908(a)s 1076(PostScript)s 2120(font)s +2567(name;)s 220 fnt2 3198 5375(@Metr)m -3(ics)k 240 fnt1 +4124 5378(,)m 4293(an)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_8 /DEST pdfmark 4578(Adobe)s 5275(font)s 5721(metrics)s -6476(\(formerly)s 7446(AFM\))s 8095(\207le)s 8458(whose)s 0 5904(F)m 3(ontName)k +6476(\(formerly)s 7446(AFM\))s 8095(\207le)s 8458(whose)s 0 5090(F)m 3(ontName)k 1070(entry)s 1622(must)s 2154(agree)s 2734(with)s 3223(the)s 3578(PostScript)s 4627(font)s 5079(name)s 5660(just)s 6072(mentioned;)s -7201(and)s 220 fnt2 7612 5901(@Mapping)m 240 fnt1 8664 5904(,)m -8778(the)s 0 5616(name)m 589(of)s 876(a)s 1057(Lout)s +7201(and)s 220 fnt2 7612 5087(@Mapping)m 240 fnt1 8664 5090(,)m +8778(the)s 0 4802(name)m 589(of)s 876(a)s 1057(Lout)s 1585(Character)s 2589(Mapping)s 3522(\(LCM\))s 4264(\207le.)s 4748(The)s 5192(\207les)s 5657(are)s 6019(searched)s 6929(for)s 7282(in)s -7541(standard)s 8425(places.)s 0 5328(Consult)m 813(the)s 1169(PostScript)s +7541(standard)s 8425(places.)s 0 4514(Consult)m 813(the)s 1169(PostScript)s 2220(Reference)s 3252(Manual)s 4046([)s -[ /Rect [4117 5328 4212 5490] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [4117 4514 4212 4676] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark 4117(1)s 4212(])s 4339(for)s 4685(general)s 5451(information)s 6645(about)s 7245(fonts)s -7782(and)s 8195(encoding)s 0 5040(v)m 3(ectors;)k 795(brie\210y)s 15(,)k +7782(and)s 8195(encoding)s 0 4226(v)m 3(ectors;)k 795(brie\210y)s 15(,)k 1506(an)s 1785(8-bit)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_font_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_9 /DEST pdfmark 2291(character)s 3221(code)s 240 fnt6 -3724 5042(c)m 240 fnt1 3882 5040(in)m 4120(Lout')s 13(s)k +3724 4228(c)m 240 fnt1 3882 4226(in)m 4120(Lout')s 13(s)k 4778(input)s 5325(is)s 5531(mapped)s 6342(to)s 6577(the)s -6920(character)s 7850(in)s 8088(the)s 8431(Adobe)s 0 4752(font)m +6920(character)s 7850(in)s 8088(the)s 8431(Adobe)s 0 3938(font)m 449(metrics)s 1206(\207le)s 1571(whose)s 2243(name)s 2822(appears)s 3607(on)s 3908(the)s 4260(line)s 4679(labelled)s 240 fnt6 -5497 4754(c)m 240 fnt1 5663 4752(in)m 5910(the)s 6262(LCM)s +5497 3940(c)m 240 fnt1 5663 3938(in)m 5910(the)s 6262(LCM)s 6840(\207le.)s 7313(The)s 7745(LCM)s 8322(\207le)s 8688(also)s -0 4464(de\207nes)m 756(v)s 6(arious)k 1532(character)s 4(-to-character)k +0 3650(de\207nes)m 756(v)s 6(arious)k 1532(character)s 4(-to-character)k 3707(mappings,)s 4772(such)s 5295(as)s 5572(upper)s 4(-case)k 6686(to)s 6952(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case,)k 8110(which)s -8779(are)s 0 4176(used)m 497(for)s 835(such)s 1331(purposes)s +8779(are)s 0 3362(used)m 497(for)s 835(such)s 1331(purposes)s 2233(as)s 2483(the)s 2831(production)s 3925(of)s 4196(small)s -4768(capitals.)s 480 3802(The)m 933(options)s 1714(sho)s 6(wn)k +4768(capitals.)s 480 2988(The)m 933(options)s 1714(sho)s 6(wn)k 2416(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 3063(are)s 3436(all)s 3754(compulsory)s 15(,)k 5001(b)s 4(ut)k 5388(there)s 5946(are)s 6319(tw)s 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220 fnt2 1200 1985(C)m 240 fnt1 -1404 1988(\(de\207ne)m 2119(character\))s 3117(and)s 220 fnt2 3516 1985(CC)m -240 fnt1 3878 1988(\(de\207ne)m 4593(composite)s 5627(character\))s 6625(entries)s -7307(in)s 7545(the)s 7888(same)s 8430(format)s 0 1700(as)m +5929(by)s 220 fnt2 6235 1459(@Metr)m -3(ics)k 240 fnt1 +7161 1462(.)m 7338(This)s 7826(e)s 3(xtra)k 8373(metrics)s +0 1174(\207le)m 357(contains)s 220 fnt2 1200 1171(C)m 240 fnt1 +1404 1174(\(de\207ne)m 2119(character\))s 3117(and)s 220 fnt2 3516 1171(CC)m +240 fnt1 3878 1174(\(de\207ne)m 4593(composite)s 5627(character\))s 6625(entries)s +7307(in)s 7545(the)s 7888(same)s 8430(format)s 0 886(as)m 259(in)s 512(AFM)s 1095(\207les;)s 1615(Lout)s 2136(will)s 2572(b)s 4(uild)k 3128(composite)s 4177(characters)s 5204(declared)s 6081(in)s 6334(this)s 6740(e)s 3(xtra)k 7283(\207le)s 7654(from)s 8188(the)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k -0 1412(pieces,)m 707(which)s 1352(it)s 1547(does)s 2041(not)s +0 598(pieces,)m 707(which)s 1352(it)s 1547(does)s 2041(not)s 2410(do)s 2706(for)s 3048(composite)s 4090(characters)s 5111(in)s 5358(the)s 5709(main)s 6247(AFM)s 6824(\207le.)s 7296(There)s -7912(are)s 8263(e)s 3(xample)k 0 1124(e)m 3(xtra)k +7912(are)s 8263(e)s 3(xample)k 0 310(e)m 3(xtra)k 534(metrics)s 1287(\207les)s 1736(in)s 1979(the)s 2327(current)s 3063(Lout)s 3575(distrib)s 4(ution)k 4730(which)s 5372(sho)s 6(w)k 5926(the)s 6274(precise)s 7006(format)s 7702(of)s 7973(these)s -8520(\207les.)s 480 750(It)m 708(is)s 941(not)s 1330(possible)s -2193(to)s 2456(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2980(tw)s 2(o)k -220 fnt2 3413 747(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 240 fnt1 4490 750(database)m -5392(entries)s 6103(with)s 6608(the)s 6979(same)s 7549(f)s 2(amily)k -8247(and)s 8675(f)s 2(ace)k 0 462(names,)m 703(because)s -1501(then)s 1955(the)s 3(y)k 2402(must)s 2912(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -3398(the)s 3731(same)s 220 fnt2 4262 459(@T)m 26(ag)k -240 fnt1 4825 462(,)m 4917(which)s 5544(is)s 5739(not)s -6089(allo)s 6(wed.)k 6989(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k -7934(a)s 8084(PostScript)s 0 174(font)m 470(name)s 1070(and)s -1500(\207le)s 1886(may)s 2378(appear)s 3101(in)s 3369(tw)s 2(o)k -3805(or)s 4090(more)s 4662(font)s 5133(de\207nitions,)s 6276(allo)s 6(wing)k -7185(one)s 7613(PostScript)s 8681(font)s +8520(\207les.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -11490,6 +11957,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11521,148 +11990,162 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(44)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(44)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(to)m 264(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +480 13205(It)m +708(is)s 941(not)s 1330(possible)s 2193(to)s 2456(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +2980(tw)s 2(o)k 220 fnt2 3413 13202(@F)m 6(ontDef)k +240 fnt1 4490 13205(database)m 5392(entries)s 6103(with)s 6608(the)s +6979(same)s 7549(f)s 2(amily)k 8247(and)s 8675(f)s 2(ace)k +0 12917(names,)m 703(because)s 1501(then)s 1955(the)s 3(y)k +2402(must)s 2912(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3398(the)s +3731(same)s 220 fnt2 4262 12914(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 +4825 12917(,)m 4917(which)s 5544(is)s 5739(not)s 6089(allo)s 6(wed.)k +6989(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +7934(a)s 8084(PostScript)s 0 12629(font)m 470(name)s 1070(and)s +1500(\207le)s 1886(may)s 2378(appear)s 3101(in)s 3369(tw)s 2(o)k +3805(or)s 4090(more)s 4662(font)s 5133(de\207nitions,)s 6276(allo)s 6(wing)k +7185(one)s 7613(PostScript)s 8681(font)s 0 12341(to)m 264(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 791(tw)s 2(o)k 1227(or)s 1512(more)s 2085(equally)s 2869(v)s 6(alid)k 3425(Lout)s 3963(names.)s 4763(The)s 5217(LCM)s 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6757(2.0f @Wide {} &0i)m 240 fnt1 7809 6760(is)m +8049(inserted)s 8894(at)s 3600 6472(the)m 3981(be)s 3(ginning)k 5022(of)s 5326(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5935(line)s 6382(e)s 3(xcept)k 7096(the)s 7477(\207rst,)s 7988(creating)s -8843(an)s 3600 7048(outdented)m 4592(paragraph)s 5595(\(the)s 6012(outdent)s +8843(an)s 3600 6184(outdented)m 4592(paragraph)s 5595(\(the)s 6012(outdent)s 6780(width)s 7372(may)s 7828(be)s 8100(changed)s 8946(\211)s -3600 6760(see)m 3961(belo)s 6(w\);)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_2 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 1187 6262(r)m 2(agged)k -1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 6267(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_brea_3 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 3600 6265(Break)m -4222(the)s 4559(paragraphs)s 5648(of)s 240 fnt6 5908 6267(object)m -240 fnt1 6545 6265(into)m 6960(lines,)s 7507(b)s 4(ut)k -7858(do)s 8140(not)s 8495(adjust)s 3600 5977(the)m 3948(lines)s +3600 5896(see)m 3961(belo)s 6(w\);)k +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_2 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 1187 5398(r)m 2(agged)k +1916(@Break)s 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3888(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 3600 3886(The)m 4028(ob)s 3(vious)k -4835(combination)s 6088(of)s 220 fnt2 6359 3883(r)m 2(agged)k -240 fnt1 7088 3886(and)m 220 fnt2 7492 3883(outdent)m 240 fnt1 -8220 3886(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 1413 3379(lines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 -2772 3384(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 3600 3382(Break)m 4284(the)s 4685(paragraphs)s -5837(of)s 240 fnt6 6161 3384(object)m 240 fnt1 6861 3382(into)m -7339(lines)s 7893(at)s 8178(the)s 8579(same)s 3600 3094(points)m +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_5 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 1065 3019(or)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 +2772 3024(object)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 3600 3022(The)m 4028(ob)s 3(vious)k +4835(combination)s 6088(of)s 220 fnt2 6359 3019(r)m 2(agged)k +240 fnt1 7088 3022(and)m 220 fnt2 7492 3019(outdent)m 240 fnt1 +8220 3022(;)m +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 1413 2515(lines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 +2772 2520(object)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 3600 2518(Break)m 4284(the)s 4685(paragraphs)s +5837(of)s 240 fnt6 6161 2520(object)m 240 fnt1 6861 2518(into)m +7339(lines)s 7893(at)s 8178(the)s 8579(same)s 3600 2230(points)m 4235(that)s 4651(the)s 3(y)k 5113(are)s 5458(brok)s 2(en)k 6177(into)s 6600(lines)s 7101(in)s 7342(the)s 7689(input,)s -8286(and)s 8688(also)s 3600 2806(at)m 3819(concatenation)s 5190(symbols)s -6026(of)s 6283(the)s 6617(form)s 220 fnt2 7128 2803(&)m -240 fnt6 7270 2808(k)m 220 fnt2 7380 2803(b)m 240 fnt1 -7540 2806(for)m 7865(an)s 3(y)k 240 fnt6 8248 2808(k)m -240 fnt1 8404 2806(greater)m 3600 2518(than)m 4069(1.)s 4354(Do)s +8286(and)s 8688(also)s 3600 1942(at)m 3819(concatenation)s 5190(symbols)s +6026(of)s 6283(the)s 6617(form)s 220 fnt2 7128 1939(&)m +240 fnt6 7270 1944(k)m 220 fnt2 7380 1939(b)m 240 fnt1 +7540 1942(for)m 7865(an)s 3(y)k 240 fnt6 8248 1944(k)m +240 fnt1 8404 1942(greater)m 3600 1654(than)m 4069(1.)s 4354(Do)s 4700(not)s 5067(adjust)s 5698(the)s 6047(lines.)s 6663(An)s 3(y)k 7127(spaces)s 7803(at)s 8035(the)s 8384(start)s 8855(of)s -3600 2230(a)m 3766(line)s 4180(other)s 4731(than)s 5200(the)s +3600 1366(a)m 3766(line)s 4180(other)s 4731(than)s 5200(the)s 5548(\207rst)s 5979(line)s 6393(will)s 6819(appear)s 7516(in)s 7759(the)s 8107(output;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 1303 1722(clines)m 1916(@Break)s -240 fnt6 2772 1727(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_brea_8 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 3600 1725(Break)m 4288(the)s -4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt6 6177 1727(object)m 240 fnt1 -6881 1725(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s 220 fnt2 -8623 1722(lines)m 3600 1434(@Break)m 240 fnt1 4396 1437(,)m 4503(then)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 1303 858(clines)m 1916(@Break)s +240 fnt6 2772 863(object)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_8 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 3600 861(Break)m 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70(object)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_9 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 3600 68(Break)m +4288(the)s 4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt6 6177 70(object)m +240 fnt1 6881 68(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s +220 fnt2 8623 65(lines)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -11677,6 +12160,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11708,164 +12193,162 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.4.)m -1871(@Br)s 8(eak)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(45)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.4.)m 1871(@Br)s 8(eak)k 240 fnt5 +10250 -1583(45)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13413 0 13302 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 1291 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10763(lines)m 240 fnt1 2064 10766(,)m +220 fnt2 2179 10763(clines)m 240 fnt1 2732 10766(,)m 2848(or)s +220 fnt2 3116 10763(r)m -3(lines)k 240 fnt1 3704 10766(encounter)m +4715(a)s 4890(completely)s 6015(blank)s 6617(line,)s 7090(for)s +7437(which)s 8088(see)s 8458(belo)s 6(w)k 15(.)k +0 10478(Ho)m 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +960(the)s 220 fnt2 1308 10475(v)m 240 fnt1 1477 10478(unit)m 1909(itself)s 2457(and)s 2861(the)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_brea_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_11 /DEST pdfmark 3209(g)s 1(ap)k 3607(mode)s 4195(may)s 4661(be)s 4943(changed:)s 240 fnt6 -1503 10716(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 10711(@Break)m 240 fnt6 2772 10716(object)m -240 fnt1 3600 10714(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4312 10716(object)m -240 fnt1 4900 10714(,)m 5008(tak)s 2(e)k 5460(the)s +1503 9975(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 9970(@Break)m 240 fnt6 2772 9975(object)m +240 fnt1 3600 9973(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4312 9975(object)m +240 fnt1 4900 9973(,)m 5008(tak)s 2(e)k 5460(the)s 5809(v)s 6(alue)k 6377(of)s 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+3600 9184(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4320 9186(object)m 240 fnt1 +4908 9184(,)m 5024(tak)s 2(e)k 5485(the)s 5841(v)s 6(alue)k +6418(of)s 6698(the)s 220 fnt2 7054 9181(v)m 240 fnt1 +7232 9184(unit)m 7673(to)s 7920(be)s 8211(lar)s 4(ger)k +8832(by)s 3600 8896(the)m 3948(length)s 4603(of)s 240 fnt6 +4874 8898(gap)m 240 fnt1 5287 8896(than)m 5756(it)s 5948(w)s 2(ould)k 6603(otherwise)s 7588(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8089(been;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark -1383 9132(\211)m 240 fnt6 1503 9134(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 9129(@Break)m -240 fnt6 2772 9134(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 9132(W)m 9(ithin)k -240 fnt6 4309 9134(object)m 240 fnt1 4897 9132(,)m 5000(tak)s 2(e)k +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark +1383 8391(\211)m 240 fnt6 1503 8393(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 8388(@Break)m +240 fnt6 2772 8393(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 8391(W)m 9(ithin)k +240 fnt6 4309 8393(object)m 240 fnt1 4897 8391(,)m 5000(tak)s 2(e)k 5448(the)s 5792(v)s 6(alue)k 6356(of)s 6623(the)s -220 fnt2 6968 9129(v)m 240 fnt1 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3011(single)s 3638(blank)s 4231(line.)s 4753(The)s +5181(usual)s 5741(g)s 1(ap)k 6139(mode)s 6727(is)s +6937(of)s 7208(course)s 7888(appended.)s 480 3830(The)m 220 fnt2 +908 3827(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1764 3830(symbol)m 2524(also)s 2962(controls)s +3783(h)s 1(yphenation:)k 220 fnt2 1141 3322(h)m 6(yphen @Break)k +240 fnt6 2772 3327(object)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 3600 3325(Permit)m 4296(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5536(within)s 6204(the)s 6552(paragraphs)s 7652(of)s 240 fnt6 -7923 4068(object)m 240 fnt1 8511 4066(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 897 3558(noh)m 6(yphen @Break)k -240 fnt6 2772 3563(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_brea_13 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 3600 3561(Prohibit)m 4440(h)s 1(yphenation)k +7923 3327(object)m 240 fnt1 8511 3325(;)m +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 897 2817(noh)m 6(yphen @Break)k +240 fnt6 2772 2822(object)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_13 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 3600 2820(Prohibit)m 4440(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5691(within)s 6370(the)s 6729(paragraphs)s 7840(of)s 240 fnt6 -8122 3563(object)m 240 fnt1 8710 3561(;)m 8833(all)s 3600 3273(h)m 1(yphenation)k +8122 2822(object)m 240 fnt1 8710 2820(;)m 8833(all)s 3600 2532(h)m 1(yphenation)k 4897(g)s 1(aps)k 5443(without)s 6291(e)s 3(xception)k 7332(re)s 6(v)k 3(ert)k 7996(to)s 8292(edge-)s -8812(to-)s 3600 2985(edge)m 4108(mode.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark -0 2482(The)m 220 fnt2 -428 2479(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1284 2482(also)m 1722(has)s 2092(options)s +8812(to-)s 3600 2244(edge)m 4108(mode.)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark +0 1741(The)m 220 fnt2 +428 1738(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1284 1741(also)m 1722(has)s 2092(options)s 2848(which)s 3490(control)s 4222(wido)s 6(w)k 4922(and)s -5326(orphan)s 6048(lines:)s 220 fnt2 480 1974(unbreakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k -240 fnt6 3059 1979(ob)m 3293(-)s 480 1691(ject)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 -3600 1977(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k 4431(column)s 5256(and)s -5710(page)s 6268(breaks)s 6993(\(i.e.)s 7458(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k -8276(a)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3600 1689(from)m -4147(splitting\))s 5081(between)s 5959(the)s 6330(\207rst)s 6784(and)s -7212(second)s 7958(lines)s 8483(of)s 8778(the)s 3600 1401(paragraphs)m -4700(of)s 240 fnt6 4971 1403(object)m 240 fnt1 5559 1401(;)m - -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_16 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 480 893(unbreakab)m 4(lelast @Break)k 240 fnt6 3059 898(ob)m -3293(-)s 480 610(ject)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 3600 896(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k -4429(column)s 5252(and)s 5704(page)s 6261(breaks)s 6984(between)s -7886(the)s 8282(last)s 8722(and)s 3600 608(second)m 4323(last)s -4714(lines)s 5216(of)s 5487(the)s 5835(paragraphs)s 6935(of)s -240 fnt6 7206 610(object)m 240 fnt1 7794 608(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_17 /DEST pdfmark -0 105(These)m -688(options)s 1506(w)s 2(ork)k 2119(by)s 2475(adding)s -3241(the)s 220 fnt2 3651 102(u)m 240 fnt1 3881 105(\(unbreakable\))m -5319(suf\207x)s 5980(to)s 6281(the)s 6691(appropriate)s 7897(g)s 1(aps)k -8448(during)s +5326(orphan)s 6048(lines:)s 220 fnt2 480 1233(unbreakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k +240 fnt6 3053 1238(ob-)m 480 950(ject)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 3600 1236(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k +4431(column)s 5256(and)s 5710(page)s 6268(breaks)s 6993(\(i.e.)s +7458(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 8276(a)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +3600 948(from)m 4147(splitting\))s 5081(between)s 5959(the)s 6330(\207rst)s +6784(and)s 7212(second)s 7958(lines)s 8483(of)s 8778(the)s +3600 660(paragraphs)m 4700(of)s 240 fnt6 4971 662(object)m 240 fnt1 +5559 660(;)m +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_16 /DEST pdfmark + grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -11880,6 +12363,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11911,139 +12396,144 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(46)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(46)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(paragraph)m 1017(breaking,)s 1966(so)s -2237(their)s 2738(precise)s 3475(ef)s 6(fect)k 4076(is)s -4290(as)s 4545(described)s 5524(for)s 5866(this)s 6267(suf\207x.)s -6981(These)s 7612(options)s 8373(may)s 8844(be)s 0 12917(countermanded)m -1533(by)s 220 fnt2 1827 12914(breakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k 240 fnt1 -4057 12917(and)m 220 fnt2 4461 12914(breakab)m 4(lelast @Break.)k 240 fnt1 -480 12543(The)m 908(width)s 1510(of)s 1781(the)s 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3(xisting)k -3600 10886(outdent)m 4378(v)s 6(alue.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_brea_18 /DEST pdfmark -0 10432(Mar)m 4(gin)k -764(k)s 2(erning,)k 1608(in)s 1858(which)s 2508(small)s -3087(\(usually)s 3919(punctuation\))s 5185(characters)s 6210(protrude)s 7084(into)s -7516(the)s 7872(mar)s 4(gin,)k 8660(may)s 0 10144(be)m -282(obtained)s 1164(by)s 220 fnt2 1458 10141(margink)m 4(er)k -5(ning @Break)k -240 fnt1 3765 10144(and)m 4169(turned)s 4838(of)s 6(f)k -5182(by)s 220 fnt2 5476 10141(nomargink)m 4(er)k -5(ning @Break)k -240 fnt1 7967 10144(.)m 480 9770(Se)m 6(v)k 3(eral)k -1310(options)s 2135(may)s 2669(be)s 3020(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k -3668(to)s 3976(the)s 220 fnt2 4392 9767(@Break)m 240 fnt1 -5317 9770(symbol)m 6145(simultaneously)s 15(,)k 7754(in)s 8065(an)s 3(y)k -8531(order)s 13(.)k 0 9482(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k -220 fnt2 480 8981({ adjust 1.2fx h)m 6(yphen } @Break ...)k 240 fnt1 0 8483(is)m +220 fnt2 +480 13200(unbreakab)m 4(lelast @Break)k 240 fnt6 3053 13205(ob-)m 480 12917(ject)m + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 3600 13203(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k 4429(column)s +5252(and)s 5704(page)s 6261(breaks)s 6984(between)s 7886(the)s +8282(last)s 8722(and)s 3600 12915(second)m 4323(last)s 4714(lines)s +5216(of)s 5487(the)s 5835(paragraphs)s 6935(of)s 240 fnt6 +7206 12917(object)m 240 fnt1 7794 12915(.)m +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_17 /DEST pdfmark +0 12412(These)m 688(options)s +1506(w)s 2(ork)k 2119(by)s 2475(adding)s 3241(the)s +220 fnt2 3651 12409(u)m 240 fnt1 3881 12412(\(unbreakable\))m 5319(suf\207x)s +5980(to)s 6281(the)s 6691(appropriate)s 7897(g)s 1(aps)k +8448(during)s 0 12124(paragraph)m 1017(breaking,)s 1966(so)s 2237(their)s +2738(precise)s 3475(ef)s 6(fect)k 4076(is)s 4290(as)s +4545(described)s 5524(for)s 5866(this)s 6267(suf\207x.)s 6981(These)s +7612(options)s 8373(may)s 8844(be)s 0 11836(countermanded)m 1533(by)s +220 fnt2 1827 11833(breakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k 240 fnt1 4057 11836(and)m +220 fnt2 4461 11833(breakab)m 4(lelast @Break.)k 240 fnt1 480 11462(The)m +908(width)s 1510(of)s 1781(the)s 2129(outdenting)s 3206(used)s +3703(in)s 3946(the)s 220 fnt2 4294 11459(outdent)m 240 fnt1 +5082 11462(style)m 5589(may)s 6055(be)s 6337(changed)s 7193(lik)s 2(e)k +7605(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 10954({ setoutdent)m 240 fnt6 1769 10959(width)m +220 fnt2 2430 10954(} @Break)m 240 fnt6 480 10671(object)m 240 fnt1 +3600 10957(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4310 10959(object)m 240 fnt1 +4898 10957(,)m 5003(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 5982(outdenting)s +7057(is)s 7265(required,)s 8166(use)s 240 fnt6 8539 10959(width)m +240 fnt1 3600 10669(for)m 3983(the)s 4377(amount)s 5201(of)s +5518(outdenting.)s 6751(Note)s 7318(that)s 7782(this)s 8224(does)s +8760(not)s 3600 10381(itself)m 4161(cause)s 4761(a)s 4940(switch)s +5634(to)s 5886(outdenting)s 6976(style.)s 7604(The)s 8045(width)s +8660(may)s 3600 10093(be)m 3887(preceded)s 4813(by)s 220 fnt2 +5112 10090(+)m 240 fnt1 5298 10093(or)m 220 fnt2 5562 10090(\211)m +240 fnt1 5749 10093(to)m 5993(indicate)s 6811(a)s 6982(change)s +7721(to)s 7965(the)s 8319(e)s 3(xisting)k 3600 9805(outdent)m +4378(v)s 6(alue.)k +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_18 /DEST pdfmark +0 9351(Mar)m 4(gin)k 764(k)s 2(erning,)k +1608(in)s 1858(which)s 2508(small)s 3087(\(usually)s 3919(punctuation\))s +5185(characters)s 6210(protrude)s 7084(into)s 7516(the)s 7872(mar)s 4(gin,)k +8660(may)s 0 9063(be)m 282(obtained)s 1164(by)s 220 fnt2 +1458 9060(margink)m 4(er)k -5(ning @Break)k 240 fnt1 3765 9063(and)m +4169(turned)s 4838(of)s 6(f)k 5182(by)s 220 fnt2 +5476 9060(nomargink)m 4(er)k -5(ning @Break)k 240 fnt1 7967 9063(.)m +480 8689(Se)m 6(v)k 3(eral)k 1310(options)s 2135(may)s +2669(be)s 3020(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3668(to)s +3976(the)s 220 fnt2 4392 8686(@Break)m 240 fnt1 5317 8689(symbol)m +6145(simultaneously)s 15(,)k 7754(in)s 8065(an)s 3(y)k +8531(order)s 13(.)k 0 8401(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k +220 fnt2 480 7900({ adjust 1.2fx h)m 6(yphen } @Break ...)k 240 fnt1 0 7402(is)m 210(a)s 375(typical)s 1079(initial)s 1689(v)s 6(alue.)k 2365(There)s 2977(may)s 3442(be)s 3723(empty)s 4375(objects)s -5102(and)s 220 fnt2 5505 8480(@Null)m 240 fnt1 6149 8483(objects)m +5102(and)s 220 fnt2 5505 7399(@Null)m 240 fnt1 6149 7402(objects)m 6877(in)s 7119(the)s 7466(left)s 7842(parameter)s 8855(of)s -220 fnt2 0 8192(@Break)m 240 fnt1 796 8195(;)m 908(these)s -1455(are)s 1802(ignored.)s 240 fnt5 0 7402(3.5.)m 471(@Space)s +220 fnt2 0 7111(@Break)m 240 fnt1 796 7114(;)m 908(these)s +1455(are)s 1802(ignored.)s 240 fnt5 0 6321(3.5.)m 471(@Space)s [ /Dest /LOUTspace /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 6925(The)m 220 fnt2 911 6922(@Space)m 240 fnt1 -1812 6925(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_spac_1 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 480 5844(The)m 220 fnt2 911 5841(@Space)m 240 fnt1 +1812 5844(symbol)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_spac_1 /DEST pdfmark 2576(changes)s 3402(the)s 3754(v)s 6(alue)k -4326(of)s 4601(the)s 220 fnt2 4953 6922(s)m 240 fnt1 -5120 6925(unit)m 5556(of)s 5831(measurement)s 7169(\(Section)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_spac_2 /DEST pdfmark +4326(of)s 4601(the)s 220 fnt2 4953 5841(s)m 240 fnt1 +5120 5844(unit)m 5556(of)s 5831(measurement)s 7169(\(Section)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_spac_2 /DEST pdfmark 8026(3.2\))s -8458(within)s 0 6637(its)m 276(right)s 787(parameter)s 1801(to)s +8458(within)s 0 5556(its)m 276(right)s 787(parameter)s 1801(to)s 2040(the)s 2388(v)s 6(alue)k 2956(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3536(by)s 3830(the)s 4178(left)s 4555(parameter:)s 220 fnt2 -480 6136(1c @Space { a b c d })m 240 fnt1 0 5640(has)m 370(result)s 480 5187(a)m -1153(b)s 1833(c)s 2499(d)s 0 4734(As)m 311(for)s -643(the)s 220 fnt2 985 4731(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1835 4734(symbol,)m +480 5055(1c @Space { a b c d })m 240 fnt1 0 4559(has)m 370(result)s 480 4106(a)m +1153(b)s 1833(c)s 2499(d)s 0 3653(As)m 311(for)s +643(the)s 220 fnt2 985 3650(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1835 3653(symbol,)m 2641(the)s 2982(left)s 3353(parameter)s 4361(of)s 220 fnt2 -4626 4731(@Space)m 240 fnt1 5517 4734(may)m 5976(be)s 6252(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +4626 3650(@Space)m 240 fnt1 5517 3653(may)m 5976(be)s 6252(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 6826(relati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7582(to)s 7815(the)s -8156(enclosing)s 220 fnt2 0 4443(s)m 240 fnt1 163 4446(unit,)m +8156(enclosing)s 220 fnt2 0 3362(s)m 240 fnt1 163 3365(unit,)m 642(and)s 1046(it)s 1238(may)s 1704(include)s 2464(a)s 2630(g)s 1(ap)k 3028(mode.)s 3724(Note)s 4245(that)s -4663(the)s 220 fnt2 5011 4443(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 -5723 4446(symbol)m 6483(also)s 6921(sets)s 7330(the)s 220 fnt2 -7678 4443(s)m 240 fnt1 7841 4446(unit.)m 480 4072(The)m 906(left)s -1280(parameter)s 2292(of)s 2560(the)s 220 fnt2 2906 4069(@Space)m -240 fnt1 3800 4072(symbol)m 4558(may)s 5021(also)s 5456(hold)s +4663(the)s 220 fnt2 5011 3362(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 +5723 3365(symbol)m 6483(also)s 6921(sets)s 7330(the)s 220 fnt2 +7678 3362(s)m 240 fnt1 7841 3365(unit.)m 480 2991(The)m 906(left)s +1280(parameter)s 2292(of)s 2560(the)s 220 fnt2 2906 2988(@Space)m +240 fnt1 3800 2991(symbol)m 4558(may)s 5021(also)s 5456(hold)s 5938(an)s 3(y)k 6332(one)s 6732(of)s 7000(the)s 7346(\207v)s 3(e)k 7755(special)s 8470(v)s 6(alues)k -220 fnt2 0 3781(lout)m 240 fnt1 349 3784(,)m 220 fnt2 -461 3781(compress)m 240 fnt1 1406 3784(,)m 220 fnt2 1518 3781(separ)m 2(ate)k -240 fnt1 2362 3784(,)m 220 fnt2 2474 3781(troff)m 240 fnt1 -2849 3784(,)m 2961(and)s 220 fnt2 3371 3781(te)m 6(x)k -240 fnt1 3656 3784(,)m 3768(which)s 4415(control)s 5152(the)s +220 fnt2 0 2700(lout)m 240 fnt1 349 2703(,)m 220 fnt2 +461 2700(compress)m 240 fnt1 1406 2703(,)m 220 fnt2 1518 2700(separ)m 2(ate)k +240 fnt1 2362 2703(,)m 220 fnt2 2474 2700(troff)m 240 fnt1 +2849 2703(,)m 2961(and)s 220 fnt2 3371 2700(te)m 6(x)k +240 fnt1 3656 2703(,)m 3768(which)s 4415(control)s 5152(the)s 5505(w)s 2(ay)k 5962(in)s 6210(which)s 6857(Lout)s -7374(treats)s 7946(white)s 8539(space)s 0 3496(separating)m 1047(tw)s 2(o)k -1470(objects.)s 2324(The)s 2764(names)s 220 fnt2 3439 3493(troff)m -240 fnt1 3887 3496(and)m 220 fnt2 4304 3493(te)m 6(x)k -240 fnt1 4661 3496(indicate)m 5486(that)s 5917(the)s 6278(beha)s 4(viour)k -7303(of)s 7587(these)s 8147(options)s 8916(is)s 0 3208(inspired)m +7374(treats)s 7946(white)s 8539(space)s 0 2415(separating)m 1047(tw)s 2(o)k +1470(objects.)s 2324(The)s 2764(names)s 220 fnt2 3439 2412(troff)m +240 fnt1 3887 2415(and)m 220 fnt2 4304 2412(te)m 6(x)k +240 fnt1 4661 2415(indicate)m 5486(that)s 5917(the)s 6278(beha)s 4(viour)k +7303(of)s 7587(these)s 8147(options)s 8916(is)s 0 2127(inspired)m 828(by)s 1122(these)s 1669(other)s 2220(document)s 3224(formatting)s -4285(systems.)s 480 2834(The)m 897(def)s 2(ault)k 1607(setting,)s -220 fnt2 2339 2831(lout)m 240 fnt1 2688 2834(,)m 2784(produces)s +4285(systems.)s 480 1753(The)m 897(def)s 2(ault)k 1607(setting,)s +220 fnt2 2339 1750(lout)m 240 fnt1 2688 1753(,)m 2784(produces)s 3687(as)s 3926(man)s 3(y)k 4498(spaces)s 5161(in)s 5393(the)s 5729(output)s 6390(as)s 6629(there)s 7150(are)s 7486(in)s 7717(the)s 8054(input.)s 8698(The)s 220 fnt2 -0 2543(compress)m 240 fnt1 1017 2546(setting)m 1719(causes)s 2407(all)s +0 1462(compress)m 240 fnt1 1017 1465(setting)m 1719(causes)s 2407(all)s 2712(sequences)s 3746(of)s 4029(tw)s 2(o)k 4452(or)s 4723(more)s 5283(white)s 5882(space)s 6482(characters)s 7512(to)s -7764(be)s 8058(treated)s 8778(the)s 0 2258(same)m 556(as)s +7764(be)s 8058(treated)s 8778(the)s 0 1177(same)m 556(as)s 815(one)s 1227(white)s 1823(space)s 2419(character)s 13(.)k -3454(The)s 220 fnt2 3891 2255(separ)m 2(ate)k 240 fnt1 -4804 2258(setting)m 5504(is)s 5723(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 -6144 2255(compress)m 240 fnt1 7159 2258(b)m 4(ut)k 7530(also)s -7977(causes)s 8662(zero)s 0 1970(white)m 587(spaces)s 1263(between)s +3454(The)s 220 fnt2 3891 1174(separ)m 2(ate)k 240 fnt1 +4804 1177(setting)m 5504(is)s 5723(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 +6144 1174(compress)m 240 fnt1 7159 1177(b)m 4(ut)k 7530(also)s +7977(causes)s 8662(zero)s 0 889(white)m 587(spaces)s 1263(between)s 2118(tw)s 2(o)k 2529(objects)s 3258(\(b)s 4(ut)k 3700(not)s 4067(within)s 4736(one)s 5138(w)s 2(ord\))k 5757(to)s 5997(be)s 6280(treated)s 6988(the)s 7337(same)s -7885(as)s 8136(one)s 8539(white)s 0 1682(space)m 587(character)s 13(.)k -480 1308(The)m 220 fnt2 902 1305(troff)m 240 fnt1 1330 1308(setting)m +7885(as)s 8136(one)s 8539(white)s 0 601(space)m 587(character)s 13(.)k +480 227(The)m 220 fnt2 902 224(troff)m 240 fnt1 1330 227(setting)m 2013(is)s 2216(the)s 2557(same)s 3097(as)s 220 fnt2 -3340 1305(lout)m 240 fnt1 3742 1308(e)m 3(xcept)k 4416(that)s +3340 224(lout)m 240 fnt1 3742 227(e)m 3(xcept)k 4416(that)s 4828(where)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 5761(a)s 5920(sentence)s 6792(ends)s 7275(at)s 7500(the)s 7841(end)s 8238(of)s -8502(a)s 8661(line,)s 0 1020(one)m 415(e)s 3(xtra)k -962(space)s 1562(is)s 1785(added.)s 2535(F)s 3(ormally)k 15(,)k -3513(when)s 4102(tw)s 2(o)k 4525(objects)s 5266(are)s -5627(separated)s 6600(by)s 6907(white)s 7507(space)s 8108(characters)s -0 732(which)m 660(include)s 1439(at)s 1689(least)s 2205(one)s -2625(ne)s 6(wline)k 3451(character)s 9(,)k 4442(and)s -4864(the)s 5231(\207rst)s 5680(object)s 6343(is)s 6572(a)s -6756(w)s 2(ord)k 7323(ending)s 8046(in)s 8308(an)s 3(y)k -8724(one)s 0 444(of)m 288(a)s 471(certain)s 1194(set)s -1536(of)s 1824(sequences)s 2862(of)s 3150(characters,)s 4241(the)s -4606(e)s 3(xtra)k 5157(space)s 5761(is)s 5988(added.)s -6741(The)s 7186(set)s 7528(of)s 7816(sequences)s 8855(of)s -0 156(characters)m 1025(depends)s 1868(on)s 2173(the)s 2528(current)s -3272(language)s 4199(and)s 4610(is)s 4828(de\207ned)s 5598(in)s -5849(the)s 220 fnt2 6204 153(langdef)m 240 fnt1 6987 156(for)m -7333(that)s 7758(language)s 8686(\(see)s +8502(a)s 8661(line,)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -12058,6 +12548,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -12089,135 +12581,152 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1578(3.5.)m -1871(@Space)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1581(47)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1578(3.5.)m 1871(@Space)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1581(47)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13370 0 13261 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13207(Section)m -774(3.12\).)s 480 12833(The)m 220 fnt2 930 12830(te)m 6(x)k -240 fnt1 1297 12833(option)m 1989(is)s 2221(the)s 2592(most)s -3139(complicated.)s 4494(First,)s 5060(the)s 220 fnt2 5430 12830(compress)m -240 fnt1 6458 12833(option)m 7149(is)s 7382(applied.)s 8272(Then,)s -8894(at)s 0 12545(e)m 6(v)k 3(ery)k 576(sentence)s -1455(ending,)s 2213(whether)s 3043(or)s 3302(not)s 3667(at)s -3899(the)s 4246(end)s 4650(of)s 4921(a)s 5086(line,)s -5551(one)s 5952(e)s 3(xtra)k 6486(space)s 7073(is)s -7282(added.)s 8018(A)s 8247(sentence)s 0 12257(ending)m 709(is)s -923(de\207ned)s 1690(as)s 1944(for)s 220 fnt2 2286 12254(troff)m -240 fnt1 2726 12257(e)m 3(xcept)k 3411(that,)s 3880(in)s -4127(addition)s 4972(to)s 5215(the)s 5568(preceding)s 6568(w)s 2(ord)k +0 13207(one)m 415(e)s 3(xtra)k 962(space)s +1562(is)s 1785(added.)s 2535(F)s 3(ormally)k 15(,)k +3513(when)s 4102(tw)s 2(o)k 4525(objects)s 5266(are)s +5627(separated)s 6600(by)s 6907(white)s 7507(space)s 8108(characters)s +0 12919(which)m 660(include)s 1439(at)s 1689(least)s 2205(one)s +2625(ne)s 6(wline)k 3451(character)s 9(,)k 4442(and)s +4864(the)s 5231(\207rst)s 5680(object)s 6343(is)s 6572(a)s +6756(w)s 2(ord)k 7323(ending)s 8046(in)s 8308(an)s 3(y)k +8724(one)s 0 12631(of)m 288(a)s 471(certain)s 1194(set)s +1536(of)s 1824(sequences)s 2862(of)s 3150(characters,)s 4241(the)s +4606(e)s 3(xtra)k 5157(space)s 5761(is)s 5988(added.)s +6741(The)s 7186(set)s 7528(of)s 7816(sequences)s 8855(of)s +0 12343(characters)m 1025(depends)s 1868(on)s 2173(the)s 2528(current)s +3272(language)s 4199(and)s 4610(is)s 4828(de\207ned)s 5598(in)s +5849(the)s 220 fnt2 6204 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fnt1 -5027 1443(shifts)m 5593(it)s 5783(to)s 240 fnt6 6019 1445(length)m -240 fnt1 6670 1443(belo)m 6(w)k 7301(the)s 7647(top)s -8004(edge)s 8510(of)s 8778(the)s 0 1155(object.)m 748(W)s 9(ith)k -220 fnt2 1274 1152(@VShift)m 240 fnt1 2077 1155(,)m 220 fnt2 -2184 1152(1w)m 240 fnt1 2522 1155(is)m 2732(tak)s 2(en)k -3305(to)s 3544(be)s 3826(the)s 4174(height)s 4832(of)s -5103(the)s 5451(right)s 5962(parameter)s 13(.)k +0 228(+)m 240 fnt6 120 233(length)m 240 fnt1 771 231(shifts)m +1337(it)s 1527(do)s 6(wn,)k 220 fnt2 2159 228(-)m +240 fnt6 2223 233(length)m 240 fnt1 2874 231(shifts)m 3440(it)s +3629(up,)s 3974(and)s 240 fnt6 4376 233(length)m 240 fnt1 +5027 231(shifts)m 5593(it)s 5783(to)s 240 fnt6 6019 233(length)m +240 fnt1 6670 231(belo)m 6(w)k 7301(the)s 7647(top)s +8004(edge)s 8510(of)s 8778(the)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -13330,6 +13885,8 @@ grestore 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6057(:)m 240 fnt6 903 6065(H)m 167 fnt4 1086 5973(1)m -240 fnt4 1163 6057(,)m 240 fnt6 1270 6065(H)m 167 fnt4 -1453 5973(2)m 240 fnt4 1544 6057(,)m 1651(\274)s 1949(,)s -240 fnt6 2056 6065(H)m 167 fnt6 2239 5978(n)m 240 fnt6 -480 5777(/)m 480 5489(gap)m 220 fnt2 905 5484(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 -3378 5489(H)m 167 fnt6 3561 5402(n)m 167 fnt4 3662 5397(+)m -3774(1)s 240 fnt6 480 5201(/)m 480 4913(C)m 167 fnt6 -645 4826(i)m 167 fnt4 711 4821(+)m 823(1)s 240 fnt4 -972 4905(:)m 240 fnt6 1102 4913(H)m 167 fnt6 1285 4826(n)m -167 fnt4 1386 4821(+)m 1498(1)s 220 fnt2 0 4367(@SetHeaderComponent)m -240 fnt1 2461 4370(clears)m 3068(an)s 3(y)k 3465(current)s +7001(a)s 7167(header)s 7864(component.)s 480 4366(Ne)m 3(xt)k +1002(comes)s 220 fnt2 1664 4363(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4065 4366(:)m +240 fnt6 480 3871(C)m 167 fnt6 645 3784(i)m 240 fnt4 +773 3863(:)m 240 fnt6 903 3871(H)m 167 fnt4 1086 3779(1)m +240 fnt4 1163 3863(,)m 240 fnt6 1270 3871(H)m 167 fnt4 +1453 3779(2)m 240 fnt4 1544 3863(,)m 1651(\274)s 1949(,)s +240 fnt6 2056 3871(H)m 167 fnt6 2239 3784(n)m 240 fnt6 +480 3583(/)m 480 3295(gap)m 220 fnt2 905 3290(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 +3378 3295(H)m 167 fnt6 3561 3208(n)m 167 fnt4 3662 3203(+)m +3774(1)s 240 fnt6 480 3007(/)m 480 2719(C)m 167 fnt6 +645 2632(i)m 167 fnt4 711 2627(+)m 823(1)s 240 fnt4 +972 2711(:)m 240 fnt6 1102 2719(H)m 167 fnt6 1285 2632(n)m +167 fnt4 1386 2627(+)m 1498(1)s 220 fnt2 0 2173(@SetHeaderComponent)m +240 fnt1 2461 2176(clears)m 3068(an)s 3(y)k 3465(current)s 4201(header)s 4898(components)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_head_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_head_4 /DEST pdfmark 6107(and)s 6511(replaces)s 7344(them)s -7882(by)s 8176(one)s 8578(of)s 8850(its)s 0 4082(o)m 6(wn.)k +7882(by)s 8176(one)s 8578(of)s 8850(its)s 0 1888(o)m 6(wn.)k 571(Finally)s 1302(we)s 1637(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -220 fnt2 2138 4079(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4733 4082(:)m 240 fnt6 -480 3583(C)m 167 fnt6 645 3496(i)m 240 fnt4 773 3575(:)m -240 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fnt6 2239 1302(n)m 240 fnt6 480 1101(/)m +220 fnt2 480 808(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 480 525(/)m 480 237(C)m +167 fnt6 645 150(i)m 167 fnt4 711 145(+)m 823(1)s +240 fnt4 972 229(:)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -15514,6 +16158,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -15549,116 +16195,134 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.36.)m -1991(@Be)s 9(ginHeaderComponent,)k 4777(@EndHeaderComponent,)s 7400(@SetHeaderComponent,)s 1991 -1868(and)m -2417(@ClearHeaderComponent)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(67)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.36.)m 1991(@Be)s 9(ginHeaderComponent,)k 4777(@EndHeaderComponent,)s +7400(@SetHeaderComponent,)s 1991 -1868(and)m 2417(@ClearHeaderComponent)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(67)m +gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 9066 13080 0 12971 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13080 0 13080 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 12917(Owing)m -1186(to)s 1426(limitations)s 2499(in)s 2743(the)s 3092(w)s 2(ay)k -3544(header)s 4242(components)s 5451(are)s 5799(implemented,)s 7155(the)s -7504(follo)s 6(wing)k 8482(object)s 0 12629(types)m 547(are)s -885(not)s 1242(allo)s 6(wed)k 2042(inside)s 2660(them,)s -3236(and)s 3631(Basser)s 4319(Lout)s 4821(will)s 5238(complain)s -6176(and)s 6571(quit)s 6994(if)s 7202(it)s 7385(\207nds)s -7893(an)s 3(y)k 8281(of)s 8542(them:)s 0 12341(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k -772(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1686(or)s 1936(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -2850(symbols,)s 3747(cross)s 4280(references,)s 220 fnt2 5359 12338(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k -240 fnt1 6608 12341(,)m 220 fnt2 6707 12338(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 -7820 12341(,)m 220 fnt2 7918 12338(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 9019 12341(,)m -220 fnt2 0 12050(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 -958 12053(,)m 220 fnt2 1091 12050(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k -240 fnt1 2037 12053(,)m 2171(and)s 220 fnt2 2602 12050(@Scale)m -240 fnt1 3452 12053(when)m 4054(it)s 4273(has)s 4670(an)s +0 12917(This)m 466(symbol)s 1216(clears)s 1813(an)s 3(y)k +2200(header)s 2886(components,)s 4140(lea)s 4(ving)k 4883(the)s +5221(sequence)s 6143(empty)s 15(.)k 6880(These)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_head_5 /DEST pdfmark +7497(last)s +7878(tw)s 2(o)k 8277(symbols)s 0 12629(combine)m 879(less)s +1286(cleanly)s 2029(than)s 2496(the)s 2843(\207rst)s 3272(tw)s 2(o)k +3681(\(either)s 4361(will)s 4786(wreck)s 5429(an)s 3(y)k +5825(enclosing)s 220 fnt2 6793 12626(@BeginHeaderCompo-)m 0 12338(nent)m 240 fnt1 +491 12341(\211)m 220 fnt2 679 12338(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 3209 12341(pair\),)m +3774(b)s 4(ut)k 4145(the)s 3(y)k 4616(are)s +4971(useful)s 5618(in)s 5869(situations)s 6845(where)s 7493(the)s +7849(range)s 8444(of)s 8724(one)s 0 12053(header)m 697(is)s +907(terminated)s 1986(by)s 2280(the)s 2628(start)s 3098(of)s 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3(e)k 2850(symbols,)s +3747(cross)s 4280(references,)s 220 fnt2 5359 10438(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k +240 fnt1 6608 10441(,)m 220 fnt2 6707 10438(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 +7820 10441(,)m 220 fnt2 7918 10438(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 9019 10441(,)m +220 fnt2 0 10150(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 +958 10153(,)m 220 fnt2 1091 10150(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k +240 fnt1 2037 10153(,)m 2171(and)s 220 fnt2 2602 10150(@Scale)m +240 fnt1 3452 10153(when)m 4054(it)s 4273(has)s 4670(an)s 4980(empty)s 5659(left)s 6062(parameter)s 13(.)k 7134(In)s -7417(addition,)s 8335(if)s 8579(more)s 0 11765(than)m 498(three)s +7417(addition,)s 8335(if)s 8579(more)s 0 9865(than)m 498(three)s 1061(copies)s 1753(of)s 2054(the)s 2432(same)s 3008(running)s 3836(header)s 4563(are)s 4940(printed)s 5705(on)s 6031(the)s -6409(same)s 6986(page,)s 7575(their)s 8102(horizontal)s 0 11477(positions)m +6409(same)s 6986(page,)s 7575(their)s 8102(horizontal)s 0 9577(positions)m 919(will)s 1350(become)s 2155(confused,)s 3131(probably)s 4040(resulting)s 4934(in)s 5182(the)s 5535(apparent)s 6422(disappearance)s 7837(of)s -8113(all)s 8411(b)s 4(ut)k 8778(the)s 0 11189(last)m +8113(all)s 8411(b)s 4(ut)k 8778(the)s 0 9289(last)m 402(three)s 947(copies.)s 1733(\(The)s 2252(magic)s 2900(number)s 3703(3)s 3878(can)s 4279(be)s 4572(increased)s 5544(by)s 5849(recompiling)s 7069(the)s 7428(Lout)s 7952(source)s 8644(with)s -0 10901(the)m 220 fnt9 348 10909(MAX_HCOPIES)m 240 fnt1 1860 10901(constant)m -2717(increased.\))s 240 fnt5 0 10118(3.37.)m 591(@NotRe)s 3(v)k 2(ealed)k +0 9001(the)m 220 fnt9 348 9009(MAX_HCOPIES)m 240 fnt1 1860 9001(constant)m +2717(increased.\))s 240 fnt5 0 8218(3.37.)m 591(@NotRe)s 3(v)k 2(ealed)k [ /Dest /LOUTnotrevealed /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 9686(The)m 220 fnt2 938 9683(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k -240 fnt1 2495 9686(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_notr_1 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 480 7786(The)m 220 fnt2 938 7783(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k +240 fnt1 2495 7786(symbol)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_notr_1 /DEST pdfmark 3285(e)s 3(x)k 3(erts)k 3931(\207ne)s 4376(control)s 5138(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 5647(the)s 6026(process)s 6824(of)s 7125(e)s 3(xpanding)k -8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 9398(symbols.)m 955(It)s +8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 7498(symbols.)m 955(It)s 1152(may)s 1611(appear)s 2300(only)s 2773(within)s 3433(the)s 3774(body)s 4300(of)s 4564(a)s 4722(de\207nition,)s 5739(immediately)s 6979(follo)s 6(wing)k 7949(the)s 8289(name)s 8855(of)s -0 9110(a)m 166(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1088(symbol.)s +0 7210(a)m 166(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1088(symbol.)s 1957(F)s 3(or)k 2346(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt2 -480 8609(def A { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 8033(def B { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 7457(def ABList)m -480 7169({)m 480 6881( A)m 480 6593( // B @NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k -480 6305( // ABList)m 480 6017(})m 240 fnt1 0 5523(The)m 424(meaning)s +480 6709(def A { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 6133(def B { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 5557(def ABList)m +480 5269({)m 480 4981( A)m 480 4693( // B @NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k +480 4405( // ABList)m 480 4117(})m 240 fnt1 0 3623(The)m 424(meaning)s 1297(is)s 1503(that)s 1916(the)s 2260(symbol)s 3016(immediately)s -4259(preceding)s 220 fnt2 5251 5520(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k -240 fnt1 6718 5523(,)m 220 fnt2 6821 5520(B)m 240 fnt1 -7015 5523(in)m 7253(this)s 7645(e)s 3(xample,)k 8555(is)s -8760(not)s 0 5235(re)m 6(v)k 3(ealed)k 851(to)s +4259(preceding)s 220 fnt2 5251 3620(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k +240 fnt1 6718 3623(,)m 220 fnt2 6821 3620(B)m 240 fnt1 +7015 3623(in)m 7253(this)s 7645(e)s 3(xample,)k 8555(is)s +8760(not)s 0 3335(re)m 6(v)k 3(ealed)k 851(to)s 1083(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1800(which)s 2435(encounter)s -220 fnt2 3431 5232(ABList)m 240 fnt1 4113 5235(while)m 4693(searching)s +220 fnt2 3431 3332(ABList)m 240 fnt1 4113 3335(while)m 4693(searching)s 5655(for)s 5986(tar)s 4(gets;)k 6723(to)s 6955(such)s 7444(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 8161(it)s 8345(appears)s -0 4947(that)m 220 fnt2 408 4944(ABList)m 240 fnt1 1086 4947(contains)m -220 fnt2 1923 4944(A)m 240 fnt1 2116 4947(only)m 15(,)k -2624(not)s 220 fnt2 2979 4944(B)m 240 fnt1 3117 4947(,)m +0 3047(that)m 220 fnt2 408 3044(ABList)m 240 fnt1 1086 3047(contains)m +220 fnt2 1923 3044(A)m 240 fnt1 2116 3047(only)m 15(,)k +2624(not)s 220 fnt2 2979 3044(B)m 240 fnt1 3117 3047(,)m 3213(hence)s 3816(only)s 4286(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k -4999(tar)s 4(geted)k 5811(to)s 220 fnt2 6039 4944(A)m -240 fnt1 6233 4947(will)m 6648(e)s 3(xpand)k 220 fnt2 -7384 4944(ABList)m 240 fnt1 8013 4947(.)m 8166(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k -0 4659(after)m 220 fnt2 496 4656(ABList)m 240 fnt1 1185 4659(is)m +4999(tar)s 4(geted)k 5811(to)s 220 fnt2 6039 3044(A)m +240 fnt1 6233 3047(will)m 6648(e)s 3(xpand)k 220 fnt2 +7384 3044(ABList)m 240 fnt1 8013 3047(.)m 8166(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +0 2759(after)m 220 fnt2 496 2756(ABList)m 240 fnt1 1185 2759(is)m 1395(e)s 3(xpanded)k 2368(by)s 2662(such)s 3158(a)s 3324(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 220 fnt2 -3996 4656(B)m 240 fnt1 4194 4659(will)m 4620(be)s 4902(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k +3996 2756(B)m 240 fnt1 4194 2759(will)m 4620(be)s 4902(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5810(as)s 6060(a)s 6226(tar)s 4(get)k 6825(in)s 7068(the)s 7416(usual)s 7976(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k -480 4285(Apart)m 1081(from)s 1602(this)s 1994(meaning,)s 220 fnt2 -2922 4282(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 4445 4285(has)m +480 2385(Apart)m 1081(from)s 1602(this)s 1994(meaning,)s 220 fnt2 +2922 2382(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 4445 2385(has)m 4812(no)s 5102(ef)s 6(fect)k 5694(at)s 5923(all,)s 6264(and)s 6665(the)s 7010(body)s 7540(of)s 7808(the)s -8152(de\207nition)s 0 3997(may)m 501(be)s 819(understood)s 1976(by)s -2306(deleting)s 220 fnt2 3164 3994(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k -240 fnt1 4727 3997(and)m 5166(an)s 3(y)k 5599(preceding)s -6630(space.)s 7361(Thus,)s 7982(the)s 8366(symbol)s 0 3709(preceding)m -220 fnt2 1001 3706(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 -2533 3709(may)m 3004(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3510(named)s +8152(de\207nition)s 0 2097(may)m 501(be)s 819(understood)s 1976(by)s +2306(deleting)s 220 fnt2 3164 2094(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k +240 fnt1 4727 2097(and)m 5166(an)s 3(y)k 5599(preceding)s +6630(space.)s 7361(Thus,)s 7982(the)s 8366(symbol)s 0 1809(preceding)m +220 fnt2 1001 1806(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 +2533 1809(may)m 3004(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3510(named)s 4211(and)s 4620(right)s 5136(parameters)s 6239(in)s 6487(the)s 6840(usual)s 7405(w)s 2(ay;)k 7919(these)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k -0 3421(follo)m 6(w)k 672(after)s 1168(the)s 220 fnt2 -1516 3418(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 3043 3421(symbol.)m -480 3047(This)m 944(symbol)s 1692(w)s 2(as)k 2101(introduced)s +0 1521(follo)m 6(w)k 672(after)s 1168(the)s 220 fnt2 +1516 1518(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 3043 1521(symbol.)m +480 1147(This)m 944(symbol)s 1692(w)s 2(as)k 2101(introduced)s 3169(to)s 3396(o)s 3(v)k 3(ercome)k 4377(a)s 4530(problem)s 5375(with)s 5845(\210oating)s 6616(\207gures)s 7306(treated)s -8001(as)s 8238(displays.)s 0 2759(It)m 205(turned)s 874(out)s +8001(as)s 8238(displays.)s 0 859(It)m 205(turned)s 874(out)s 1240(to)s 1479(be)s 1761(essential)s 2638(to)s 2877(specify)s 3621(the)s 3969(layout)s 4627(of)s 4898(a)s 5064(column)s -5839(\(in)s 6161(part\))s 6660(as)s 220 fnt2 480 2258(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k -480 1970(// @FigurePlace)m 480 1682(// @BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 1394(// @FigurePlace)m -480 1106(// @BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 818(...)m 240 fnt1 -0 367(so)m 256(that)s 664(\207gures)s 1356(could)s 1935(alternate)s -2802(with)s 3274(body)s 3798(te)s 3(xt)k 4202(do)s 6(wn)k -4776(the)s 5114(column.)s 5986(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k -6935(some)s 7486(means)s 8138(w)s 2(as)k 8548(need)s -8998(-)s 0 79(ed)m 291(to)s 538(ensure)s 1226(that)s -1652(in)s 1903(the)s 2259(absence)s 3080(of)s 3359(an)s 3(y)k -3764(\207gures)s 4474(there)s 5015(could)s 5613(only)s 6101(be)s -6391(one)s 220 fnt2 6801 76(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k -240 fnt1 8527 79(in)m 8778(the)s +5839(\(in)s 6161(part\))s 6660(as)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -15673,6 +16337,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -15704,167 +16370,158 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(68)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(68)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(column,)m 831(since)s 1385(otherwise)s -2377(v)s 6(arious)k 3132(problems)s 4080(arose,)s 4698(for)s -5042(e)s 3(xample)k 5912(the)s 220 fnt2 6267 13202(@NP)m -240 fnt1 6851 13205(symbol)m 7618(merely)s 8342(causing)s 0 12917(a)m -174(skip)s 634(from)s 1167(one)s 220 fnt2 1577 12914(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k -240 fnt1 3303 12917(to)m 3551(the)s 3907(ne)s 3(xt)k -4385(in)s 4636(the)s 4992(same)s 5548(column,)s 6381(rather)s -7006(than)s 7483(to)s 7730(the)s 8087(\207rst)s 8526(in)s -8778(the)s 0 12629(ne)m 3(xt)k 490(column.)s 1394(Also,)s -1974(without)s 2787(this)s 3204(feature)s 3944(the)s 4314(optimal)s -5120(page)s 5650(break)s 2(er')k 13(s)k 6595(attempts)s -7477(to)s 7737(end)s 8163(a)s 8351(column)s 0 12341(early)m -545(w)s 2(ould)k 1214(be)s 1510(frustrated)s 2496(by)s -2805(Lout)s 3331(then)s 3814(disco)s 3(v)k 3(ering)k +220 fnt2 +480 13207(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 12919(// @FigurePlace)m 480 12631(// @BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k +480 12343(// @FigurePlace)m 480 12055(// @BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 11767(...)m +240 fnt1 0 11316(so)m 256(that)s 664(\207gures)s 1355(could)s +1935(alternate)s 2801(with)s 3273(body)s 3797(te)s 3(xt)k +4201(do)s 6(wn)k 4775(the)s 5112(column.)s 5984(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +6934(some)s 7484(means)s 8136(w)s 2(as)k 8546(need-)s +0 11028(ed)m 291(to)s 538(ensure)s 1226(that)s 1652(in)s +1903(the)s 2259(absence)s 3080(of)s 3359(an)s 3(y)k +3764(\207gures)s 4474(there)s 5015(could)s 5613(only)s 6101(be)s +6391(one)s 220 fnt2 6801 11025(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k +240 fnt1 8527 11028(in)m 8778(the)s 0 10740(column,)m 831(since)s +1385(otherwise)s 2377(v)s 6(arious)k 3132(problems)s 4080(arose,)s +4698(for)s 5042(e)s 3(xample)k 5912(the)s 220 fnt2 +6267 10737(@NP)m 240 fnt1 6851 10740(symbol)m 7618(merely)s 8342(causing)s +0 10452(a)m 174(skip)s 634(from)s 1167(one)s 220 fnt2 +1577 10449(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 3303 10452(to)m +3551(the)s 3907(ne)s 3(xt)k 4385(in)s 4636(the)s +4992(same)s 5548(column,)s 6381(rather)s 7006(than)s 7483(to)s +7730(the)s 8087(\207rst)s 8526(in)s 8778(the)s 0 10164(ne)m 3(xt)k +490(column.)s 1394(Also,)s 1974(without)s 2787(this)s 3204(feature)s +3944(the)s 4314(optimal)s 5120(page)s 5650(break)s 2(er')k 13(s)k +6595(attempts)s 7477(to)s 7737(end)s 8163(a)s 8351(column)s +0 9876(early)m 545(w)s 2(ould)k 1214(be)s 1510(frustrated)s +2496(by)s 2805(Lout)s 3331(then)s 3814(disco)s 3(v)k 3(ering)k 4991(that)s 5423(plenty)s 6090(of)s 6375(space)s 6976(e)s 3(xisted)k 7722(at)s 7968(a)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 -0 12050(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 1703 12053(in)m +0 9585(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 1703 9588(in)m 1931(the)s 2263(same)s 2795(column.)s 3662(The)s 4074(solution)s -4887(is)s 5082(based)s 5669(on)s 220 fnt2 5951 12050(ABList)m -240 fnt1 6625 12053(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e;)k 7287(each)s -7767(occurrence)s 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 11762(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k -240 fnt1 1712 11765(after)m 2201(a)s 220 fnt2 2361 11762(@FigurePlace)m -240 fnt1 3798 11765(is)m 4002(not)s 4361(re)s 6(v)k 3(ealed)k +4887(is)s 5082(based)s 5669(on)s 220 fnt2 5951 9585(ABList)m +240 fnt1 6625 9588(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e;)k 7287(each)s +7767(occurrence)s 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 9297(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k +240 fnt1 1712 9300(after)m 2201(a)s 220 fnt2 2361 9297(@FigurePlace)m +240 fnt1 3798 9300(is)m 4002(not)s 4361(re)s 6(v)k 3(ealed)k 5213(in)s 5449(the)s 5791(enclosing)s 6754(de\207nition,)s 7772(and)s -8169(so)s 8428(cannot)s 0 11477(be)m 282(found)s 899(by)s -1194(body)s 1728(te)s 3(xt)k 2144(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k -2868(unless)s 3517(a)s 3684(\207gure)s 4298(has)s 4669(pre)s 6(viously)k -5727(attached)s 6581(to)s 6821(the)s 7169(preceding)s 220 fnt2 -8166 11474(@Figure)m 9002(-)s 0 11186(Place)m 240 fnt1 540 11189(.)m -240 fnt5 0 10442(3.38.)m 591(The)s 1046(cr)s 4(oss)k -1614(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ence)k 2616(symbols)s 3494(&&)s -3941(and)s 4382(&&&)s +8169(so)s 8428(cannot)s 0 9012(be)m 282(found)s 899(by)s +1193(body)s 1727(te)s 3(xt)k 2142(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k +2866(unless)s 3515(a)s 3680(\207gure)s 4294(has)s 4664(pre)s 6(viously)k +5722(attached)s 6576(to)s 6815(the)s 7163(preceding)s 220 fnt2 +8158 9009(@Figure-)m 0 8721(Place)m 240 fnt1 540 8724(.)m 240 fnt5 +0 7977(3.38.)m 591(The)s 1046(cr)s 4(oss)k 1614(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ence)k +2616(symbols)s 3494(&&)s 3941(and)s 4382(&&&)s [ /Dest /LOUTcrossref /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 9965(The)m 941(cross)s -1516(reference)s 2493(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3286 9962(&&)m 240 fnt1 -3668 9965(tak)m 2(es)k 4241(the)s 4623(name)s 5230(of)s -5534(a)s 5734(symbol)s 6527(\(not)s 7006(an)s 7322(object\))s -8068(for)s 8439(its)s 8749(left)s 0 9677(parameter)m 9(,)k -1068(and)s 1489(an)s 1788(object)s 2449(whose)s 3134(v)s 6(alue)k -3718(must)s 4260(be)s 4559(a)s 4741(simple)s 5451(w)s 2(ord,)k -6064(or)s 6340(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 7079(simple)s -7788(w)s 2(ords,)k 8495(for)s 8850(its)s 0 9389(right)m -519(parameter)s 13(.)k 1633(The)s 2069(result)s 2668(is)s -2887(a)s 3061(cross)s 3612(reference,)s 4615(which)s 5265(may)s -5740(be)s 6030(thought)s 6831(of)s 7111(as)s 7369(an)s -7661(arro)s 6(w)k 8275(pointing)s 0 9101(from)m 524(the)s -872(cross)s 1414(reference)s 2357(symbol)s 3117(to)s 3356(the)s -3704(be)s 3(ginning)k 4712(of)s 4983(an)s 5266(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k -6320(of)s 6591(the)s 6939(named)s 7635(symbol.)s 480 8727(The)m +240 fnt1 +480 7500(The)m 941(cross)s 1516(reference)s 2493(symbol)s 220 fnt2 +3286 7497(&&)m 240 fnt1 3668 7500(tak)m 2(es)k 4241(the)s +4623(name)s 5230(of)s 5534(a)s 5734(symbol)s 6527(\(not)s +7006(an)s 7322(object\))s 8068(for)s 8439(its)s 8749(left)s +0 7212(parameter)m 9(,)k 1068(and)s 1489(an)s 1788(object)s +2449(whose)s 3134(v)s 6(alue)k 3718(must)s 4260(be)s +4559(a)s 4741(simple)s 5451(w)s 2(ord,)k 6064(or)s +6340(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 7079(simple)s 7788(w)s 2(ords,)k +8495(for)s 8850(its)s 0 6924(right)m 519(parameter)s 13(.)k +1633(The)s 2069(result)s 2668(is)s 2887(a)s 3061(cross)s +3612(reference,)s 4615(which)s 5265(may)s 5740(be)s 6030(thought)s +6831(of)s 7111(as)s 7369(an)s 7661(arro)s 6(w)k +8275(pointing)s 0 6636(from)m 524(the)s 872(cross)s 1414(reference)s +2357(symbol)s 3117(to)s 3356(the)s 3704(be)s 3(ginning)k +4712(of)s 4983(an)s 5266(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k +6320(of)s 6591(the)s 6939(named)s 7635(symbol.)s 480 6262(The)m 894(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1934(pointed)s 2696(to,)s 2975(kno)s 6(wn)k 3665(as)s 3901(the)s 240 fnt6 -4235 8729(tar)m 8(g)k 2(et)k 240 fnt1 4846 8727(of)m +4235 6264(tar)m 8(g)k 2(et)k 240 fnt1 4846 6262(of)m 5103(the)s 5437(cross)s 5965(reference,)s 6945(is)s 7141(generally)s -8070(one)s 8458(whose)s 220 fnt2 0 8436(@T)m 26(ag)k -240 fnt1 643 8439(parameter)m 1677(has)s 2067(v)s 6(alue)k +8070(one)s 8458(whose)s 220 fnt2 0 5971(@T)m 26(ag)k +240 fnt1 643 5974(parameter)m 1677(has)s 2067(v)s 6(alue)k 2655(equal)s 3248(to)s 3507(the)s 3875(right)s 4406(parameter)s 5440(of)s 5731(the)s 6099(cross)s 6661(reference)s 7624(symbol.)s -8513(Three)s 0 8151(special)m 759(tags,)s 220 fnt2 1292 8148(preceding)m -240 fnt1 2243 8151(,)m 220 fnt2 2391 8148(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k -240 fnt1 3221 8151(,)m 3369(and)s 220 fnt2 3814 8148(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k -240 fnt1 4948 8151(,)m 5097(point)s 5690(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k +8513(Three)s 0 5686(special)m 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4450(because)s 5280(of)s 5569(the)s 5935(/)s 6080(characters)s -7116(which)s 7776(are)s 8141(otherwise)s 0 9441(tak)m 2(en)k +7116(which)s 7776(are)s 8141(otherwise)s 0 6907(tak)m 2(en)k 591(to)s 849(be)s 1150(concatenation)s 2553(operations.)s 3732(As)s -4068(for)s 220 fnt2 4425 9438(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 5737 9441(,)m +4068(for)s 220 fnt2 4425 6904(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 5737 6907(,)m 5862(the)s 6229(result)s 6838(is)s 7067(just)s 7490(the)s -7857(object)s 8520(to)s 8778(the)s 0 9153(right,)m 558(lik)s 2(e)k +7857(object)s 8520(to)s 8778(the)s 0 6619(right,)m 558(lik)s 2(e)k 970(this:)s -[ /Rect [480 8603 2091 8813] /Border [0 0 0] /Action << /Subtype /URI /URI (http://snark.ptc.spbu.ru/~uwe/lout/lout.html) >> /Subtype /Link /ANN pdfmark -480 8655(Lout)m 992(Home)s 1633(P)s 3(age)k -0 8152(b)m 4(ut)k 373(if)s 601(the)s 960(user)s +[ /Rect [480 6069 2091 6279] /Border [0 0 0] /Action << /Subtype /URI /URI (http://snark.ptc.spbu.ru/~uwe/lout/lout.html) >> /Subtype /Link /ANN pdfmark 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1092(to)s +0 5042(enough)m 763(to)s 1002(do)s 1295(this.)s 480 4668(F)m 3(or)k +920(the)s 1320(purposes)s 2274(of)s 220 fnt2 2596 4665(@Common)m +240 fnt1 3695 4668(,)m 220 fnt2 3854 4665(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 +4654 4668(,)m 4813(and)s 220 fnt2 5269 4665(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 +5955 4668(,)m 6113(tw)s 2(o)k 220 fnt2 6575 4665(@LinkSource)m +240 fnt1 7999 4668(objects)m 8779(are)s 0 4380(considered)m 1092(to)s 1328(be)s 1608(equal)s 2178(if)s 2393(their)s 2887(right)s 3396(parameters)s 4491(are)s 4836(equal;)s 5463(the)s 5809(left)s -6183(parameters)s 7279(are)s 7623(not)s 7986(considered.)s 0 6626(This)m +6183(parameters)s 7279(are)s 7623(not)s 7986(considered.)s 0 4092(This)m 480(beha)s 4(viour)k 1498(is)s 1713(needed,)s 2503(for)s 2846(e)s 3(xample,)k 3765(to)s 4009(mak)s 2(e)k 4586(inde)s 3(x)k 5175(entries)s 5867(look)s 6359(reasonable)s -7442(when)s 8023(melded.)s 8896(If)s 0 6338(tw)m 2(o)k -220 fnt2 420 6335(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 1803 6338(objects)m 2542(with)s +7442(when)s 8023(melded.)s 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pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 556 6253(Lout)m 1084(does)s 1590(not)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 556 4451(Lout)m 1084(does)s 1590(not)s 1972(pro)s 3(vide)k 2772(the)s 3136(v)s 6(ast)k 3592(repertoire)s 4591(of)s 4878(graphical)s 5838(objects)s 6582(\(lines,)s -7235(circles,)s 7980(box)s 3(es,)k 8660(etc.\))s 0 5965(required)m +7235(circles,)s 7980(box)s 3(es,)k 8660(etc.\))s 0 4163(required)m 846(by)s 1132(diagrams.)s 2163(Instead,)s 2952(it)s 3135(pro)s 3(vides)k 3999(an)s 4274(escape)s 4958(route)s 5497(to)s 5727(some)s 6280(other)s 6823(language)s 7734(that)s 8144(does)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -0 5677(these)m 547(features,)s 1409(via)s 1761(its)s 220 fnt2 -2037 5674(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 3081 5677(symbol:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_grap_3 /DEST pdfmark +0 3875(these)m 547(features,)s 1409(via)s 1761(its)s 220 fnt2 +2037 3872(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 3081 3875(symbol:)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_grap_3 /DEST pdfmark 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hello)m 8(, w)k 2(or)k -3(ld ||0.2c)k +480 497( //0.2c)m 480 209(})m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -16355,6 +17049,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -16386,65 +17082,86 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(72)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(72)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13205(The)m 909(right)s 1421(parameter)s -2437(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 3149(appears)s 3931(as)s -4183(part)s 4615(of)s 4888(the)s 5237(result,)s 5875(and)s -6281(indeed)s 6978(the)s 7327(result)s 7919(is)s 8130(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k -8843(an)s 0 12917(object)m 651(whose)s 1327(size)s 1761(is)s -1979(identical)s 2863(to)s 3110(the)s 3465(size)s 3900(of)s -4178(the)s 4534(right)s 5052(parameter)s 6074(with)s 220 fnt2 -6563 12914(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 7583 12917(and)m 220 fnt2 7995 12914(@OneRo)m 3(w)k -240 fnt1 0 12629(applied)m 762(to)s 1001(it.)s 1297(From)s +0 13205(The)m +428(result)s 1018(of)s 1289(the)s 1637(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k +2259(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3313(of)s 3584(the)s +3932(symbol)s 220 fnt2 4692 13202(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 +5736 13205(is)m 1365 422 0 422 240 288 60 480 12443 LoutGr2 +0 0 moveto +0 ysize lineto +xsize ysize lineto +xsize 0 lineto +closepath +stroke +grestore +113 146(hello,)m 698(w)s 2(orld)k +grestore +480 11727(The)m +909(right)s 1421(parameter)s 2437(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k +3149(appears)s 3931(as)s 4183(part)s 4615(of)s 4888(the)s +5237(result,)s 5875(and)s 6281(indeed)s 6978(the)s 7327(result)s +7919(is)s 8130(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 8843(an)s +0 11439(object)m 651(whose)s 1327(size)s 1761(is)s 1979(identical)s +2863(to)s 3110(the)s 3465(size)s 3900(of)s 4178(the)s +4534(right)s 5052(parameter)s 6074(with)s 220 fnt2 6563 11436(@OneCol)m +240 fnt1 7583 11439(and)m 220 fnt2 7995 11436(@OneRo)m 3(w)k +240 fnt1 0 11151(applied)m 762(to)s 1001(it.)s 1297(From)s 1875(no)s 6(w)k 2336(on)s 2633(we)s 2968(refer)s 3477(to)s 3716(this)s 4112(part)s 4543(of)s 4814(the)s -5162(result)s 5752(as)s 6002(the)s 240 fnt6 6350 12631(base)m -240 fnt1 6782 12629(.)m 480 12255(The)m 898(left)s 1264(parameter)s +5162(result)s 5752(as)s 6002(the)s 240 fnt6 6350 11153(base)m +240 fnt1 6782 11151(.)m 480 10777(The)m 898(left)s 1264(parameter)s 2267(is)s 2466(implementation-dependent:)s 5184(that)s 5591(is,)s 5847(its)s 6112(meaning)s 6978(is)s 7177(not)s 7532(de\207ned)s 8284(by)s -8567(Lout,)s 0 11967(and)m 421(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1313(implementations)s +8567(Lout,)s 0 10489(and)m 421(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1313(implementations)s 2975(could)s 3582(require)s 4332(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5224(v)s 6(alues)k 5898(for)s 6253(it.)s 6567(The)s 7012(follo)s 6(wing)k -8007(description)s 0 11679(applies)m 713(to)s 936(Basser)s 1618(Lout,)s +8007(description)s 0 10201(applies)m 713(to)s 936(Basser)s 1618(Lout,)s 2161(which)s 2787(uses)s 3235(the)s 3567(PostScript)s 4593(page)s 5086(description)s 6189(language)s 7093([)s -[ /Rect [7164 11679 7259 11841] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [7164 10201 7259 10363] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark 7164(1)s 7259(].)s -7487(Similar)s 8233(b)s 4(ut)k 8579(more)s 0 11391(restricted)m +7487(Similar)s 8233(b)s 4(ut)k 8579(more)s 0 9913(restricted)m 962(possibilities)s 2172(e)s 3(xist)k 2698(with)s 3198(the)s 3563(PDF)s 4078(back)s 4609(end)s 5031(\(see)s 5488(a)s 5672(separate)s 6528(document)s 7550(distrib)s 4(uted)k 8644(with)s -0 11103(Lout\);)m 643(to)s 882(include)s 1642(both,)s 2175(use)s -2550(the)s 220 fnt2 2898 11100(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 -4043 11103(symbol)m 4803(lik)s 2(e)k 5215(this:)s 220 fnt2 -480 10602({ @Bac)m 4(kEnd @Case {)k 480 10314( P)m 11(ostScr)k -3(ipt @Y)k 4(ield)k -480 10026( {)m 480 9738( ...)m 480 9450( })m 480 9162( PDF @Y)m 4(ield)k -480 8874( {)m 480 8586( ...)m 480 8298( })m 480 8010( })m 480 7722( @Gr)m 2(aphic)k -480 7434( {)m 480 7146( ...)m 480 6858( })m 480 6570(})m 240 fnt1 -0 6076(Returning)m 1039(to)s 1307(PostScript,)s 2425(the)s 2802(left)s +0 9625(Lout\);)m 643(to)s 882(include)s 1642(both,)s 2175(use)s +2550(the)s 220 fnt2 2898 9622(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 +4043 9625(symbol)m 4803(lik)s 2(e)k 5215(this:)s 220 fnt2 +480 9124({ @Bac)m 4(kEnd @Case {)k 480 8836( P)m 11(ostScr)k -3(ipt @Y)k 4(ield)k +480 8548( {)m 480 8260( ...)m 480 7972( })m 480 7684( PDF @Y)m 4(ield)k +480 7396( {)m 480 7108( ...)m 480 6820( })m 480 6532( })m 480 6244( @Gr)m 2(aphic)k +480 5956( {)m 480 5668( ...)m 480 5380( })m 480 5092(})m 240 fnt1 +0 4598(Returning)m 1039(to)s 1307(PostScript,)s 2425(the)s 2802(left)s 3208(parameter)s 4251(refers)s 4874(to)s 5142(a)s 5337(coordinate)s 6431(system)s 7184(whose)s 7881(origin)s 8538(is)s 8778(the)s -0 5788(bottom)m 773(left-hand)s 1728(corner)s 2433(of)s 2740(the)s +0 4310(bottom)m 773(left-hand)s 1728(corner)s 2433(of)s 2740(the)s 3123(base.)s 3747(It)s 3987(may)s 4489(use)s 4899(the)s -5282(symbols)s 220 fnt2 6166 5785(xsiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 -6751 5788(and)m 220 fnt2 7190 5785(ysiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 -7774 5788(to)m 8048(denote)s 8778(the)s 0 5500(horizontal)m 1031(and)s +5282(symbols)s 220 fnt2 6166 4307(xsiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 +6751 4310(and)m 220 fnt2 7190 4307(ysiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 +7774 4310(to)m 8048(denote)s 8778(the)s 0 4022(horizontal)m 1031(and)s 1442(v)s 3(ertical)k 2216(size)s 2650(of)s 2928(the)s -3283(base;)s 3827(similarly)s 15(,)k 220 fnt2 4774 5497(xmar)m -3(k)k -240 fnt1 5442 5500(and)m 220 fnt2 5853 5497(ymar)m -3(k)k -240 fnt1 6521 5500(denote)m 7222(the)s 7577(positions)s 8499(of)s -8778(the)s 0 5212(base')m 13(s)k 635(column)s 1410(and)s +3283(base;)s 3827(similarly)s 15(,)k 220 fnt2 4774 4019(xmar)m -3(k)k +240 fnt1 5442 4022(and)m 220 fnt2 5853 4019(ymar)m -3(k)k +240 fnt1 6521 4022(denote)m 7222(the)s 7577(positions)s 8499(of)s +8778(the)s 0 3734(base')m 13(s)k 635(column)s 1410(and)s 1814(ro)s 6(w)k 2234(marks:)s gsave -480 2849 translate +480 1371 translate 180 fnt1 3570 2072 0 1994 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin @@ -16477,10 +17194,10 @@ grestore 676 14(0)m 180 fnt6 1526 15(xmark)m 3227(xsize)s end end restore grestore -0 2398(In)m 265(addition)s +0 920(In)m 265(addition)s 1115(to)s 1363(these)s 1920(four)s 2387(symbols)s 3245(and)s 3658(0,)s 3895(lengths)s 4646(may)s 5121(be)s 5412(denoted)s -6238(in)s 6490(centimetres,)s 7706(inches,)s 8434(points,)s 0 2110(ems,)m +6238(in)s 6490(centimetres,)s 7706(inches,)s 8434(points,)s 0 632(ems,)m 492(f)s -13(')k 13(s,)k 850(v')s 13(s)k 1180(and)s 1584(s')s 13(s)k 1887(using)s 2459(the)s 2807(notation)s @@ -16498,6 +17215,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -16529,23 +17248,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.43.)m -1991(@Gr)s 3(aphic)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(73)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.43.)m 1991(@Gr)s 3(aphic)k 240 fnt5 +10250 -1583(73)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt6 480 13172(l)m 220 fnt2 666 13167(cm)m 240 fnt1 -1197 13170(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 -3045 13172(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 13170(c)m 240 fnt6 480 12884(l)m -220 fnt2 666 12879(in)m 240 fnt1 1197 12882(instead)m 1932(of)s -2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 12884(l)m 240 fnt1 -3111 12882(i)m 240 fnt6 480 12596(l)m 220 fnt2 666 12591(pt)m -240 fnt1 1197 12594(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k +240 fnt6 480 13172(l)m 220 fnt2 +666 13167(cm)m 240 fnt1 1197 13170(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k +240 fnt6 3045 13172(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 13170(c)m 240 fnt6 +480 12884(l)m 220 fnt2 666 12879(in)m 240 fnt1 1197 12882(instead)m +1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 12884(l)m +240 fnt1 3111 12882(i)m 240 fnt6 480 12596(l)m 220 fnt2 +666 12591(pt)m 240 fnt1 1197 12594(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 12596(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 12594(p)m 240 fnt6 480 12308(l)m 220 fnt2 666 12303(em)m 240 fnt1 1197 12306(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 12308(l)m @@ -16596,25 +17321,25 @@ grestore 240 fnt6 2036 6326(x)m 2202(y)s 220 fnt2 2364 6321(lineto)m 240 fnt1 3120 6324(Put)m 3557(the)s 3963(pen)s 4424(do)s 6(wn)k 5066(and)s 5528(dra)s 3(w)k 6115(a)s 6339(straight)s -7173(line)s 7645(to)s 7942(the)s 8348(indicat)s 8998(-)s -3120 6036(ed)m 3404(point.)s 240 fnt6 702 5677(x)m 868(y)s -1030(r)s 1188(angle1)s 1879(angle2)s 220 fnt2 2580 5672(arc)m -240 fnt1 3120 5675(Put)m 3502(the)s 3853(pen)s 4259(do)s 6(wn)k -4846(and)s 5253(dra)s 3(w)k 5785(a)s 5954(circular)s -6745(arc)s 7092(whose)s 7763(centre)s 8405(has)s 8779(co)s -8998(-)s 3120 5387(ordinates)m 240 fnt6 4058 5389(x)m 240 fnt1 -4235 5387(and)m 240 fnt6 4650 5389(y)m 240 fnt1 4823 5387(and)m -5238(whose)s 5917(radius)s 6563(is)s 240 fnt6 6784 5389(r)m -240 fnt1 6882 5387(.)m 7057(The)s 7496(arc)s 7851(be)s 3(gins)k -8535(at)s 8778(the)s 3120 5099(angle)m 240 fnt6 3727 5101(angle1)m -240 fnt1 4451 5099(measuring)m 5533(counterclockwise)s 7295(from)s 7852(the)s -8233(point)s 8818(di)s 8998(-)s 3120 4811(rectly)m 3714(to)s -3949(the)s 4294(right)s 4801(of)s 5069(the)s 5413(centre,)s -6100(and)s 6500(proceeds)s 7397(counterclockwise)s 3120 4523(to)m 240 fnt6 -3361 4525(angle2)m 240 fnt1 4002 4523(.)m 4168(If)s 4401(the)s -4751(arc)s 5098(is)s 5310(not)s 5679(the)s 6029(\207rst)s -6462(thing)s 7010(on)s 7309(the)s 7660(path,)s 8181(a)s -8350(straight)s 3120 4235(line)m 3549(will)s 3990(be)s 4287(dra)s 3(wn)k +7173(line)s 7645(to)s 7942(the)s 8348(indicat-)s 3120 6036(ed)m +3404(point.)s 240 fnt6 702 5677(x)m 868(y)s 1030(r)s +1188(angle1)s 1879(angle2)s 220 fnt2 2580 5672(arc)m 240 fnt1 +3120 5675(Put)m 3501(the)s 3852(pen)s 4257(do)s 6(wn)k +4844(and)s 5250(dra)s 3(w)k 5782(a)s 5950(circular)s +6741(arc)s 7087(whose)s 7758(centre)s 8399(has)s 8772(co-)s +3120 5387(ordinates)m 240 fnt6 4058 5389(x)m 240 fnt1 4235 5387(and)m +240 fnt6 4650 5389(y)m 240 fnt1 4823 5387(and)m 5238(whose)s +5917(radius)s 6563(is)s 240 fnt6 6784 5389(r)m 240 fnt1 +6882 5387(.)m 7057(The)s 7496(arc)s 7851(be)s 3(gins)k +8535(at)s 8778(the)s 3120 5099(angle)m 240 fnt6 3726 5101(angle1)m +240 fnt1 4449 5099(measuring)m 5530(counterclockwise)s 7291(from)s 7847(the)s +8227(point)s 8812(di-)s 3120 4811(rectly)m 3714(to)s 3949(the)s +4294(right)s 4801(of)s 5069(the)s 5413(centre,)s 6100(and)s +6500(proceeds)s 7397(counterclockwise)s 3120 4523(to)m 240 fnt6 3361 4525(angle2)m +240 fnt1 4002 4523(.)m 4168(If)s 4401(the)s 4751(arc)s +5098(is)s 5310(not)s 5679(the)s 6029(\207rst)s 6462(thing)s +7010(on)s 7309(the)s 7660(path,)s 8181(a)s 8350(straight)s +3120 4235(line)m 3549(will)s 3990(be)s 4287(dra)s 3(wn)k 4954(connecting)s 6072(the)s 6435(current)s 7186(point)s 7753(to)s 8007(the)s 8370(start)s 8855(of)s 3120 3947(the)m 3468(arc.)s 240 fnt6 589 3638(x)m 755(y)s 917(r)s 1075(angle1)s @@ -16657,6 +17382,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -16688,38 +17415,44 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(74)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(74)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13203(either)m 240 fnt6 618 13205(str)m 10(ok)k 2(e)k -240 fnt1 1259 13203(it,)m 1514(which)s 2172(means)s 2850(to)s -3105(display)s 3866(it)s 4074(as)s 4340(described;)s 5383(or)s -5658(we)s 6009(can)s 240 fnt6 6414 13205(\207ll)m 240 fnt1 -6742 13203(it,)m 6997(which)s 7655(means)s 8333(to)s 8588(paint)s -0 12915(e)m 6(v)k 3(erything)k 1067(inside)s 1694(it)s -1886(gre)s 3(y)k 2362(or)s 2621(black.)s 3303(F)s 3(or)k -3692(stroking)s 4529(the)s 4877(tw)s 2(o)k 5287(main)s -5822(options)s 6578(are)s 240 fnt6 1581 12412(length)m 220 fnt2 -2234 12407(setline)m 4(width)k 240 fnt1 3600 12410(The)m 4028(pen)s -4431(will)s 4857(dra)s 3(w)k 5386(lines)s 5888(of)s -6159(the)s 6507(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7087(width.)s - -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_grap_1 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 1553 11902([)m 240 fnt6 1668 11907(length)m 220 fnt2 -2321 11902(])m 2430(0)s 2605(setdash)s 240 fnt1 3600 11905(The)m -4034(pen)s 4444(will)s 4876(dra)s 3(w)k 5412(dashed)s -6142(lines)s 6650(when)s 7233(it)s 7432(is)s 7648(do)s 6(wn,)k -8289(with)s 8778(the)s 3600 11617(dashes)m 4289(each)s 4784(of)s -5055(the)s 5403(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5983(length.)s - -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark +0 13203(either)m +240 fnt6 618 13205(str)m 10(ok)k 2(e)k 240 fnt1 +1259 13203(it,)m 1514(which)s 2172(means)s 2850(to)s 3105(display)s +3866(it)s 4074(as)s 4340(described;)s 5383(or)s 5658(we)s +6009(can)s 240 fnt6 6414 13205(\207ll)m 240 fnt1 6742 13203(it,)m +6997(which)s 7655(means)s 8333(to)s 8588(paint)s 0 12915(e)m 6(v)k 3(erything)k +1067(inside)s 1694(it)s 1886(gre)s 3(y)k 2362(or)s +2621(black.)s 3303(F)s 3(or)k 3692(stroking)s 4529(the)s +4877(tw)s 2(o)k 5287(main)s 5822(options)s 6578(are)s +240 fnt6 1581 12412(length)m 220 fnt2 2234 12407(setline)m 4(width)k +240 fnt1 3600 12410(The)m 4028(pen)s 4431(will)s 4857(dra)s 3(w)k +5386(lines)s 5888(of)s 6159(the)s 6507(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +7087(width.)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_grap_1 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 1553 11902([)m 240 fnt6 1668 11907(length)m +220 fnt2 2321 11902(])m 2430(0)s 2605(setdash)s 240 fnt1 +3600 11905(The)m 4034(pen)s 4444(will)s 4876(dra)s 3(w)k +5412(dashed)s 6142(lines)s 6650(when)s 7233(it)s 7432(is)s +7648(do)s 6(wn,)k 8289(with)s 8778(the)s 3600 11617(dashes)m +4289(each)s 4784(of)s 5055(the)s 5403(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +5983(length.)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 11114(These)m 627(options)s 1383(are)s 1730(follo)s 6(wed)k 2632(by)s 2926(the)s 3274(w)s 2(ord)k 220 fnt2 3822 11111(strok)m 4(e)k 240 fnt1 4408 11114(.)m 4572(So,)s @@ -16782,7 +17515,7 @@ grestore [ /Rect [6415 569 6521 737] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 6415(5)s 6521(,)s 6649(Chapter)s 7488(9],)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_grap_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_grap_4 /DEST pdfmark 7815(to)s 8076(be)s 8379(sure)s 8855(of)s 0 284(a)m 4(v)k 4(oiding)k 883(these)s 1430(errors.)s @@ -16800,6 +17533,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -16834,22 +17569,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.43.)m -1991(@Gr)s 3(aphic)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(75)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.43.)m 1991(@Gr)s 3(aphic)k 240 fnt5 +10250 -1583(75)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13205(PostScript)m 1543(e)s 3(xperts)k 2302(may)s 2789(\207nd)s -3241(the)s 3610(follo)s 6(wing)k 4608(information)s 5814(helpful)s -6567(when)s 7164(designing)s 8170(adv)s 6(anced)k 0 12917(graphics)m -861(features.)s 1780(The)s 2208(left)s 2585(parameter)s 3599(of)s -220 fnt2 3870 12914(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 4914 12917(may)m -5380(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5881(tw)s 2(o)k +480 13205(PostScript)m 1543(e)s 3(xperts)k +2302(may)s 2789(\207nd)s 3241(the)s 3610(follo)s 6(wing)k +4608(information)s 5814(helpful)s 6567(when)s 7164(designing)s 8170(adv)s 6(anced)k +0 12917(graphics)m 861(features.)s 1780(The)s 2208(left)s 2585(parameter)s +3599(of)s 220 fnt2 3870 12914(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 +4914 12917(may)m 5380(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5881(tw)s 2(o)k 6291(parts,)s 6862(separated)s 7822(by)s 220 fnt2 8116 12914(//)m 240 fnt1 8241 12917(:)m 220 fnt2 480 12409({)m 240 fnt6 604 12414(\207r)m 2(st)k 1038(part)s 220 fnt2 1501 12409(//)m @@ -16890,7 +17631,7 @@ grestore 591(@PlainGraphic)s [ /Dest /LOUTplaingraphic /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_plai_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_plai_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 567 6807(The)m 220 fnt2 1023 6804(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 2580 6807(symbol)m 3368(is)s 3606(a)s 4(v)k 3(ery)k 4211(rudimentary)s 5461(analogue)s 6408(for)s 6774(plain)s 7337(te)s 3(xt)k @@ -16911,11 +17652,11 @@ grestore 2932(@SysIncludeGraphic)s [ /Dest /LOUTincludegraphic /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_incg_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incg_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_incg_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incg_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_incg_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incg_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 540 3665(These)m 1167(symbols)s 2016(instruct)s 2792(Lout)s 3304(to)s 3543(incorporate)s 4687(a)s 4853(separately)s 5875(created)s 6622(illustration:)s 220 fnt2 480 3164(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic "m)k 3(ypor)k -8(tr)k 2(ait.eps")k @@ -16965,6 +17706,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -16996,22 +17739,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(76)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(76)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13202(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k -240 fnt1 2228 13205(searches)m 3085(the)s 3430(same)s 3974(directories)s -5029(that)s 220 fnt2 5444 13202(@Include)m 240 fnt1 6423 13205(does)m -6910(\(Section)s 7760(3.48\).)s 220 fnt2 8420 13202(@Sys)m 9002(-)s -0 12914(IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1562 12917(is)m 1806(the)s -2188(same)s 2769(as)s 220 fnt2 3053 12914(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k +220 fnt2 +480 13202(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 2228 13205(searches)m 3084(the)s +3428(same)s 3972(directories)s 5026(that)s 220 fnt2 5440 13202(@Include)m +240 fnt1 6419 13205(does)m 6905(\(Section)s 7754(3.48\).)s 220 fnt2 +8413 13202(@Sys-)m 0 12914(IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1562 12917(is)m +1806(the)s 2188(same)s 2769(as)s 220 fnt2 3053 12914(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 4744 12917(,)m 4885(e)s 3(xcept)k 5600(that)s 6052(it)s 6278(searches)s 7172(only)s 7686(the)s 8068(directories)s 0 12629(searched)m 894(by)s 220 fnt2 1188 12626(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt1 @@ -17033,11 +17782,11 @@ grestore 0 10886(3.46.)m 591(@IncludeGraphicRepeated)s 3445(and)s 3886(@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated)s [ /Dest /LOUTincludegraphicrepeated /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_incr_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incr_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_incr_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incr_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_incr_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incr_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 548 10409(These)m 1183(symbols,)s 2097(which)s 2747(are)s 3103(allo)s 6(wed)k 3920(only)s 4409(at)s 4649(the)s 5006(start)s 5484(of)s @@ -17045,12 +17794,12 @@ grestore 8312(the)s 8669(EPS)s 0 10121(\207le)m 361(named)s 1057(is)s 1267(lik)s 2(ely)k 1863(to)s 2102(be)s 2384(included)s 3266(repeatedly:)s 220 fnt2 480 9620(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated { m)k 3(ypor)k -8(tr)k 2(ait.eps })k -240 fnt1 0 9122(T)m 19(o)k 290(actually)s 1090(see)s -1441(the)s 1779(graphic)s 2539(you)s 2944(use)s 220 fnt2 -3308 9119(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 5049 9122(as)m 5289(usual.)s -5948(The)s 6366(purpose)s 7170(of)s 220 fnt2 7430 9119(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphi)k -9002(-)s 0 8831(cRepeated)m 240 fnt1 1117 8834(is)m 1335(not)s -1710(to)s 1957(display)s 2710(the)s 3067(graphic)s 3845(b)s 4(ut)k +240 fnt1 0 9122(T)m 19(o)k 289(actually)s 1088(see)s +1438(the)s 1775(graphic)s 2533(you)s 2937(use)s 220 fnt2 +3301 9119(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 5041 9122(as)m 5279(usual.)s +5937(The)s 6354(purpose)s 7157(of)s 220 fnt2 7416 9119(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphi-)k +0 8831(cRepeated)m 240 fnt1 1117 8834(is)m 1335(not)s 1710(to)s +1957(display)s 2710(the)s 3067(graphic)s 3845(b)s 4(ut)k 4215(rather)s 4840(to)s 5087(instruct)s 5871(Lout)s 6392(to)s 6639(include)s 7407(its)s 7692(EPS)s 8157(\207le)s 8526(in)s 8778(the)s 0 8546(output)m 678(\207le)s 1045(just)s 1456(once,)s @@ -17063,35 +17812,34 @@ grestore 480 7884(An)m 3(y)k 943(number)s 1732(of)s 220 fnt2 2001 7881(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 4695 7884(and)m 220 fnt2 5097 7881(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 8156 7884(directi)m 6(v)k 3(es)k -0 7596(may)m 458(appear)s 1146(at)s 1369(the)s 1708(start)s -2170(of)s 2432(the)s 2771(document.)s 3870(The)s 4290(\207les)s -4730(in)s 9(v)k 4(olv)k 3(ed)k 5601(may)s -6058(be)s 6332(compressed)s 7510(as)s 7751(for)s 220 fnt2 -8080 7593(@Include)m 9002(-)s 0 7305(Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 -761 7308(.)m 922(The)s 1347(\207le)s 1705(names)s 2364(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +0 7596(may)m 457(appear)s 1145(at)s 1368(the)s 1706(start)s +2167(of)s 2429(the)s 2768(document.)s 3866(The)s 4285(\207les)s +4725(in)s 9(v)k 4(olv)k 3(ed)k 5596(may)s +6052(be)s 6325(compressed)s 7503(as)s 7744(for)s 220 fnt2 +8072 7593(@Include-)m 0 7305(Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 761 7308(.)m +922(The)s 1347(\207le)s 1705(names)s 2364(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2941(within)s 220 fnt2 3605 7305(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 6297 7308(must)m 6819(be)s 7098(identical)s 7972(to)s 8208(the)s 8552(name)s 0 7020(used)m 476(within)s 1122(the)s 1449(corresponding)s 220 fnt2 2849 7017(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 4579 7020(symbols,)m 5462(or)s 5700(else)s 6105(the)s 220 fnt2 6431 7017(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k -240 fnt1 0 6732(will)m 439(be)s 734(inef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(e.)k -1916(If)s 220 fnt2 2159 6729(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 -5233 6732(is)m 5456(used)s 5966(\(as)s 6308(opposed)s 7178(to)s -220 fnt2 7430 6729(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphi)k 9002(-)s 0 6441(cRepeated)m -240 fnt1 1049 6444(\))m 1206(then)s 1705(all)s 2028(corresponding)s -3480(includes)s 4358(must)s 4913(use)s 220 fnt2 5318 6441(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k -240 fnt1 7465 6444(rather)m 8111(than)s 220 fnt2 8610 6441(@In)m -9002(-)s 0 6153(cludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1285 6156(.)m -480 5782(Use)m 901(of)s 220 fnt2 1165 5779(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k -240 fnt1 3853 5782(does)m 4336(not)s 4694(change)s 5421(the)s -5762(appearance)s 6886(of)s 7149(the)s 7490(output)s 8155(at)s -8380(all,)s 8717(b)s 4(ut,)k 0 5494(if)m 225(the)s -582(EPS)s 1047(\207le)s 1417(w)s 2(ould)k 2081(otherwise)s -3074(be)s 3365(included)s 4256(man)s 3(y)k 4847(times)s -5424(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 5950(the)s -6306(result)s 6905(will)s 7340(be)s 7630(a)s 7805(much)s -8403(shorter)s 0 5206(PostScript)m 1059(\207le)s 1437(which)s 2097(will)s -2540(usually)s 3302(print)s 3831(signi\207cantly)s 5084(f)s 2(aster)k +240 fnt1 0 6732(will)m 437(be)s 731(inef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(e.)k +1911(If)s 220 fnt2 2153 6729(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 +5226 6732(is)m 5447(used)s 5956(\(as)s 6296(opposed)s 7165(to)s +220 fnt2 7416 6729(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphi-)k 0 6441(cRepeated)m 240 fnt1 +1049 6444(\))m 1205(then)s 1703(all)s 2024(corresponding)s 3475(includes)s +4351(must)s 4905(use)s 220 fnt2 5308 6441(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k +240 fnt1 7454 6444(rather)m 8098(than)s 220 fnt2 8596 6441(@In-)m +0 6153(cludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1285 6156(.)m 480 5782(Use)m +901(of)s 220 fnt2 1165 5779(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 +3853 5782(does)m 4336(not)s 4694(change)s 5421(the)s 5762(appearance)s +6886(of)s 7149(the)s 7490(output)s 8155(at)s 8380(all,)s +8717(b)s 4(ut,)k 0 5494(if)m 225(the)s 582(EPS)s +1047(\207le)s 1417(w)s 2(ould)k 2081(otherwise)s 3074(be)s +3365(included)s 4256(man)s 3(y)k 4847(times)s 5424(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +5950(the)s 6306(result)s 6905(will)s 7340(be)s 7630(a)s +7805(much)s 8403(shorter)s 0 5206(PostScript)m 1059(\207le)s 1437(which)s +2097(will)s 2540(usually)s 3302(print)s 3831(signi\207cantly)s 5084(f)s 2(aster)k 5689(as)s 5956(well.)s 6548(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 7526(Lout)s 8055(uses)s 8536(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 0 4918(2)m 186(PostScript)s 1240(features)s 2058(to)s 2309(implement)s @@ -17126,11 +17874,11 @@ grestore 0 2023(3.47.)m 591(@Pr)s 4(ependGraphic and @SysPr)k 4(ependGraphic)k [ /Dest /LOUTprependgraphic /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_prep_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_prep_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_prep_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_prep_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_prep_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_prep_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 582 1546(These)m 1252(symbols,)s 2200(which)s 2885(may)s 3394(appear)s 4134(an)s 3(ywhere)k 5160(that)s 5621(a)s 5830(de\207nition)s @@ -17162,6 +17910,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -17193,10 +17943,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.47.)m -1991(@Pr)s 8(ependGr)k 3(aphic and @SysPr)k 8(ependGr)k 3(aphic)k +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.47.)m 1991(@Pr)s 8(ependGr)k 3(aphic and @SysPr)k 8(ependGr)k 3(aphic)k 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(77)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic @@ -17234,9 +17990,9 @@ grestore 240 fnt5 0 10310(3.48.)m 591(@Include and @SysInclude)s [ /Dest /LOUTinclude /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_incl_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incl_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_incl_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incl_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 562 9833(These)m 1212(symbols)s 2083(instruct)s 2882(Lout)s 3417(to)s 3678(temporarily)s 4869(switch)s 5572(to)s 5834(reading)s 6627(another)s 7426(\207le,)s @@ -17312,7 +18068,7 @@ grestore 5172(ends)s [ /Dest /LOUTbackend /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_bend_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_bend_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 547 1253(The)m 220 fnt2 983 1250(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 2136 1253(symbol,)m 2955(which)s 3605(tak)s 2(es)k 4153(no)s 4454(parameters,)s 5615(has)s 5993(for)s 6339(its)s @@ -17337,6 +18093,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -17368,17 +18126,24 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(78)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(78)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207( PlainT)m 26(e)k 6(xt @Y)k 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k +220 fnt2 +480 13207( PlainT)m 26(e)k 6(xt @Y)k 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k 480 12919( P)m 11(ostScr)k -3(ipt @Y)k 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k 480 12631( PDF @Y)m 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k 480 12343(})m 240 fnt1 0 11849(to)m 255(obtain)s 926(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1817(objects)s @@ -17473,16 +18238,16 @@ grestore 1928(end)s 2336(is)s 2549(obtained)s 3435(by)s 3732(typing)s 220 fnt2 4401 3425(lout -Z)m 240 fnt1 5017 3428(.)m 5185(It)s 5393(is)s 5607(similar)s 6332(to)s 6575(PostScript)s 7620(b)s 4(ut)k -7986(much)s 8579(more)s 0 3140(limited)m 755(in)s 1019(functionality)s 15(.)k -2411(Consult)s 3237(a)s 3425(separate)s 4284(document)s 5309(distrib)s 4(uted)k -6407(with)s 6910(Lout)s 7444(for)s 7803(further)s 8534(infor)s -8998(-)s 0 2852(mation.)m 240 fnt5 0 2109(3.50.)m 591(@V)s 24(erbatim and @RawV)k 24(erbatim)k +7986(much)s 8579(more)s 0 3140(limited)m 755(in)s 1020(functionality)s 15(.)k +2412(Consult)s 3239(a)s 3426(separate)s 4286(document)s 5312(distrib)s 4(uted)k +6410(with)s 6913(Lout)s 7447(for)s 7807(further)s 8538(infor)s 4(-)k +0 2852(mation.)m 240 fnt5 0 2109(3.50.)m 591(@V)s 24(erbatim and @RawV)k 24(erbatim)k [ /Dest /LOUTverbatim /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_verb_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_verb_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_verb_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_verb_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 543 1677(These)m 1173(symbols)s 2026(instruct)s 2805(Lout)s 3321(to)s 3563(read)s 4036(the)s 4387(follo)s 6(wing)k 5367(te)s 3(xt)k 5786(\(enclosed)s 6763(in)s 7010(braces\))s @@ -17505,6 +18270,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -17536,26 +18303,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(3.50.)m -1991(@V)s 26(erbatim and @RawV)k 26(erbatim)k 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(79)m -gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.50.)m 1991(@V)s 26(erbatim and @RawV)k 26(erbatim)k +240 fnt5 10249 -1583(79)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13412 0 13303 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13249("hello")m 220 fnt2 0 12793(@V)m 17(erbatim)k -240 fnt1 1178 12796(ignores)m 1983(all)s 2325(characters)s 3393(after)s -3938(the)s 4336(opening)s 5210(brace)s 5833(up)s 6175(to)s -6464(b)s 4(ut)k 6875(not)s 7291(including)s 8297(the)s -8695(\207rst)s 0 12508(non-white-space)m 1654(character)s 13(.)k 220 fnt2 -2697 12505(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 4278 12508(dif)m 6(fers)k -4964(from)s 220 fnt2 5506 12505(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 -6653 12508(only)m 7151(in)s 7413(that)s 7849(it)s 8059(ignores)s -8833(all)s 0 12220(characters)m 1018(after)s 1514(the)s 1862(opening)s -2687(brace)s 3261(up)s 3554(to)s 3793(b)s 4(ut)k +480 13249("hello")m 220 fnt2 +0 12793(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 1178 12796(ignores)m 1983(all)s +2325(characters)s 3393(after)s 3938(the)s 4336(opening)s 5210(brace)s +5833(up)s 6175(to)s 6464(b)s 4(ut)k 6875(not)s +7291(including)s 8297(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 12508(non-white-space)m 1654(character)s 13(.)k +220 fnt2 2697 12505(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 +4278 12508(dif)m 6(fers)k 4964(from)s 220 fnt2 5506 12505(@V)m 17(erbatim)k +240 fnt1 6653 12508(only)m 7151(in)s 7413(that)s 7849(it)s +8059(ignores)s 8833(all)s 0 12220(characters)m 1018(after)s 1514(the)s +1862(opening)s 2687(brace)s 3261(up)s 3554(to)s 3793(b)s 4(ut)k 4155(not)s 4521(including)s 5479(the)s 5827(\207rst)s 6258(non-white-space)s 7894(character)s 9(,)k 8867(or)s 0 11932(up)m 302(to)s 551(and)s 965(including)s 1931(the)s 2289(\207rst)s 2730(ne)s 6(wline)k @@ -17576,7 +18349,7 @@ grestore 0 8466(3.51.)m 591(@Underline)s [ /Dest /LOUTunderline /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_unde_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_unde_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 533 8034(The)m 220 fnt2 953 8031(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 2160 8034(symbol)m 2912(underlines)s 3951(its)s 4219(right)s 4722(parameter)s 9(,)k 5767(b)s 4(ut)k @@ -17637,7 +18410,7 @@ grestore 0 860(3.52.)m 591(@P)s 2(ageLabel)k [ /Dest /LOUTpagelabel /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_page_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_page_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 533 383(The)m 220 fnt2 953 380(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt1 2255 383(symbol)m 3007(associates)s 4005(a)s 4164(page)s 4664(label)s 5176(in)s @@ -17660,6 +18433,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -17691,22 +18466,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(80)m -240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k -9717(symbols)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(80)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s +8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(inde)m 3(x)k 587(the)s -939(page)s 1450(by)s 1748(this)s 2148(label.)s 2779(\(The)s -3290(label)s 3813(is)s 4026(printed)s 4765(in)s 5011(the)s -220 fnt2 5363 13202(%%P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 6313 13205(comment)m -7266(preceding)s 8266(the)s 8618(page)s 0 12917(in)m 243(the)s -591(PostScript)s 1633(output)s 2305(\207le.\))s 2858(F)s 3(or)k +0 13205(inde)m 3(x)k +587(the)s 939(page)s 1450(by)s 1748(this)s 2148(label.)s +2779(\(The)s 3290(label)s 3813(is)s 4026(printed)s 4765(in)s +5011(the)s 220 fnt2 5363 13202(%%P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 +6313 13205(comment)m 7266(preceding)s 8266(the)s 8618(page)s 0 12917(in)m +243(the)s 591(PostScript)s 1633(output)s 2305(\207le.\))s 2858(F)s 3(or)k 3247(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 12416(@P)m 8(ageLabel iv)k 240 fnt1 0 11917(associates)m 1018(the)s 1379(label)s 220 fnt2 1910 11914(iv)m 240 fnt1 2140 11917(with)m 2634(the)s 2995(page.)s @@ -17738,6 +18519,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -17772,28 +18555,38 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 13448 0 13448 240 288 60 1417 -14865 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14865 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 13448 0 13448 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 fnt5 0 12397(Chapter)m -1819(4.)s 2400(Examples)s +480 fnt5 0 12397(Chapter)m 1819(4.)s 2400(Examples)s [ /Dest /LOUTexamples /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 0 11446(This)m 503(chapter)s -1294(presents)s 2156(some)s 2744(e)s 3(xamples)k 3723(tak)s 2(en)k -4324(from)s 4875(the)s 5251(v)s 6(arious)k 6028(packages)s -6983(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 7919(with)s 8429(Basser)s -0 11158(Lout.)m 661(The)s 1134(reader)s 1835(who)s 2346(masters)s -3171(these)s 3763(e)s 3(xamples)k 4759(will)s 5230(be)s -5557(well)s 6068(prepared)s 7007(to)s 7291(read)s 7805(the)s -8198(packages)s 0 10870(themselv)m 3(es.)k 1223(The)s 1650(e)s 3(xamples)k -2600(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3100(not)s 3465(been)s -3973(simpli\207ed)s 4986(in)s 5229(an)s 3(y)k 5625(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k -6113(since)s 6659(an)s 6941(important)s 7929(part)s 8359(of)s -8629(their)s 0 10582(purpose)m 814(is)s 1024(to)s 1263(sho)s 6(w)k -1817(Lout)s 2329(in)s 2572(actual)s 3197(practice.)s 480 10208(Although)m -1486(all)s 1823(these)s 2415(e)s 3(xamples)k 3410(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +240 fnt1 +0 11446(This)m 503(chapter)s 1294(presents)s 2156(some)s 2744(e)s 3(xamples)k +3723(tak)s 2(en)k 4324(from)s 4875(the)s 5251(v)s 6(arious)k +6028(packages)s 6983(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 7919(with)s +8429(Basser)s 0 11158(Lout.)m 661(The)s 1134(reader)s 1835(who)s +2346(masters)s 3171(these)s 3763(e)s 3(xamples)k 4759(will)s +5230(be)s 5557(well)s 6068(prepared)s 7007(to)s 7291(read)s +7805(the)s 8198(packages)s 0 10870(themselv)m 3(es.)k 1223(The)s +1650(e)s 3(xamples)k 2600(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +3100(not)s 3465(been)s 3973(simpli\207ed)s 4986(in)s 5229(an)s 3(y)k +5625(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 6113(since)s 6659(an)s +6941(important)s 7929(part)s 8359(of)s 8629(their)s 0 10582(purpose)m +814(is)s 1024(to)s 1263(sho)s 6(w)k 1817(Lout)s +2329(in)s 2572(actual)s 3197(practice.)s 480 10208(Although)m 1486(all)s +1823(these)s 2415(e)s 3(xamples)k 3410(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3956(been)s 4509(tak)s 2(en)k 5127(from)s 5695(real)s 6152(code,)s 6755(the)s 3(y)k 7263(do)s 7600(not)s 8011(necessarily)s 0 9920(represent)m 935(the)s 1283(current)s 2019(state)s @@ -17804,7 +18597,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 8650(In)m 751(this)s 1162(section)s 1911(we)s 2261(describe)s 3128(the)s 3491(design)s 4189(and)s 4608(implementation)s 6180(of)s 6466(the)s 6829(Eq)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_equa_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_1 /DEST pdfmark 7168(equation)s 8065(formatting)s 0 8362(package.)m 976(Equation)s 1925(formatting)s 3014(mak)s 2(es)k 3702(a)s 3896(natural)s 4642(\207rst)s 5101(e)s 3(xample,)k @@ -17813,17 +18606,16 @@ grestore 3778(Lout,)s 4351(and)s 4769(partly)s 5394(because)s 6221(no)s 6528(cross)s 7084(references)s 8129(or)s 8402(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 0 7786(are)m 347(required.)s 480 7412(T)m 19(o)k 777(the)s -1122(author')s 13(s)k 1939(kno)s 6(wledge,)k 3088(Eq)s -3409(is)s 3615(the)s 3960(\207rst)s 4388(equation)s 5265(formatter)s -6209(to)s 6445(be)s 6723(implemented)s 8026(as)s 8273(a)s -8435(collec)s 8998(-)s 0 7124(tion)m 430(of)s 702(high-)s -1196(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 1707(de\207nitions.)s 2883(This)s -3360(approach)s 4295(has)s 4666(signi\207cant)s 5724(adv)s 6(antages:)k -6948(the)s 7297(basics)s 7933(of)s 8206(language)s 0 6836(and)m -426(layout)s 1106(are)s 1475(tri)s 6(vial,)k 2167(so)s -2456(the)s 2826(implementor)s 4129(can)s 4540(concentrate)s 5720(on)s -6039(\207ne-)s 6466(tuning;)s 7212(and)s 7638(the)s 8009(de\207nitions,)s -0 6548(being)m 585(readily)s 1302(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k +1121(author')s 13(s)k 1938(kno)s 6(wledge,)k 3086(Eq)s +3406(is)s 3613(the)s 3957(\207rst)s 4384(equation)s 5261(formatter)s +6204(to)s 6440(be)s 6718(implemented)s 8020(as)s 8266(a)s +8428(collec-)s 0 7124(tion)m 430(of)s 702(high-)s 1196(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k +1707(de\207nitions.)s 2883(This)s 3360(approach)s 4295(has)s 4666(signi\207cant)s +5724(adv)s 6(antages:)k 6948(the)s 7297(basics)s 7933(of)s +8206(language)s 0 6836(and)m 426(layout)s 1106(are)s 1475(tri)s 6(vial,)k +2167(so)s 2456(the)s 2826(implementor)s 4129(can)s 4540(concentrate)s +5720(on)s 6039(\207ne-)s 6466(tuning;)s 7212(and)s 7638(the)s +8009(de\207nitions,)s 0 6548(being)m 585(readily)s 1302(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k 2261(can)s 2650(be)s 2932(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ed,)k 3950(e)s 3(xtended,)k 4918(or)s 5177(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5677(replaced.)s 480 6174(As)m 809(described)s 1795(in)s 2050(the)s @@ -17838,9 +18630,9 @@ grestore [ /Rect [5571 5883 5675 6048] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkernighan1975eqn /ANN pdfmark 5571(3)s 5675(]:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_equa_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_equa_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5385(@Eq { { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } o)m 3(v)k 5(er 2 })k 240 fnt1 0 4887(The)m 428(result)s 1018(is)s 167 fnt4 586 4484(2)m 240 fnt6 480 4424(x)m 240 fnt4 737 4416(+)m 167 fnt4 @@ -17853,19 +18645,25 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 0 3587(In)m 256(outline,)s 1027(the)s 1375(de\207nition)s 2349(of)s 2620(the)s 220 fnt2 2968 3584(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 3506 3587(symbol)m 4266(is)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_equa_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3090(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t sup o)k 3(v)k 5(er "+" "2" "<=")k 480 2802(def @Eq)m 480 2514( body @Body)m 480 2226({)m 480 1938( def sup precedence 60 left x r)m -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k 480 1650( def o)m 3(v)k 5(er precedence 54 left x r)k -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k 480 1362( def "2" { Base @F)m 6(ont "2" })k 480 1074( def "+" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "+" })k 480 786( def "<=" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "\\243" })k 480 498( ...)m grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -14865 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14865 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -192 fnt5 5859 -15421(81)m +192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5859 -15421(81)m + +grestore + grestore grestore @@ -17901,41 +18699,48 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(82)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(82)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s +9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207( Slope @F)m 6(ont 1.2f @Break 0c @Space @Body)k 480 12919(})m 240 fnt1 -0 12425(A)m 259(body)s 822(parameter)s 1865(is)s 2104(used)s -2630(to)s 2898(restrict)s 3649(the)s 4026(visibility)s 4958(of)s -5258(the)s 5635(equation)s 6545(formatting)s 7635(symbols)s 8514(\(there)s -0 12137(are)m 366(hundreds)s 1315(of)s 1606(them\).)s 2347(The)s -2794(equation)s 3695(as)s 3965(a)s 4151(whole)s 4811(is)s -5041(set)s 5386(in)s 5649(Slope)s 6269(\(i.e.)s 6704(Italic\))s -7341(font,)s 7853(and)s 8277(symbols)s 0 11849(such)m 515(as)s -220 fnt2 784 11846("2")m 240 fnt1 1127 11849(and)m 220 fnt2 -1550 11846("+")m 240 fnt1 1899 11849(are)m 2265(de\207ned)s 3048(when)s -3643(other)s 4213(fonts)s 4762(are)s 5128(needed.)s 5990(Precedences)s -7241(are)s 7608(used)s 8124(to)s 8383(resolv)s 3(e)k -0 11561(ambiguities)m 1170(such)s 1670(as)s 220 fnt2 1925 11558(a sup b o)m 3(v)k 5(er c)k -240 fnt1 3291 11561(.)m 3459(Eq)s 3788(tak)s 2(es)k -4332(all)s 4630(spacing)s 5418(decisions)s 6363(on)s 6665(itself,)s -7252(so)s 7523(to)s 7766(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k -8539(white)s 0 11273(space)m 574(typed)s 1151(by)s 1432(the)s -1767(user)s 2212(from)s 2723(interfering,)s 3824(the)s 4158(equation)s -5026(is)s 5223(enclosed)s 6105(in)s 220 fnt2 6335 11270(0c @Space)m -240 fnt1 7465 11273(.)m 7616(W)s 19(e)k 7972(will)s -8384(discuss)s 0 10985(the)m 220 fnt2 348 10982(1.2f @Break)m 240 fnt1 -1631 10985(later)m 13(.)k 480 10611(Thus)m 1015(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -1521(we)s 1861(disposed)s 2762(of)s 3038(the)s 3391(language)s -4316(design)s 5003(part)s 5439(of)s 5715(the)s 6068(equation)s -6954(formatting)s 8020(problem;)s 8934(it)s 0 10323(remains)m 807(no)s 6(w)k +220 fnt2 480 13207( Slope @F)m 6(ont 1.2f @Break 0c @Space @Body)k +480 12919(})m 240 fnt1 0 12425(A)m 259(body)s 822(parameter)s +1865(is)s 2104(used)s 2630(to)s 2898(restrict)s 3649(the)s +4026(visibility)s 4958(of)s 5258(the)s 5635(equation)s 6545(formatting)s +7635(symbols)s 8514(\(there)s 0 12137(are)m 366(hundreds)s 1315(of)s +1606(them\).)s 2347(The)s 2794(equation)s 3695(as)s 3965(a)s +4151(whole)s 4811(is)s 5041(set)s 5386(in)s 5649(Slope)s +6269(\(i.e.)s 6704(Italic\))s 7341(font,)s 7853(and)s 8277(symbols)s +0 11849(such)m 515(as)s 220 fnt2 784 11846("2")m 240 fnt1 +1127 11849(and)m 220 fnt2 1550 11846("+")m 240 fnt1 1899 11849(are)m +2265(de\207ned)s 3048(when)s 3643(other)s 4213(fonts)s 4762(are)s +5128(needed.)s 5990(Precedences)s 7241(are)s 7608(used)s 8124(to)s +8383(resolv)s 3(e)k 0 11561(ambiguities)m 1170(such)s 1670(as)s +220 fnt2 1925 11558(a sup b o)m 3(v)k 5(er c)k 240 fnt1 +3291 11561(.)m 3459(Eq)s 3788(tak)s 2(es)k 4332(all)s +4630(spacing)s 5418(decisions)s 6363(on)s 6665(itself,)s 7252(so)s +7523(to)s 7766(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 8539(white)s +0 11273(space)m 574(typed)s 1151(by)s 1432(the)s 1767(user)s +2212(from)s 2723(interfering,)s 3824(the)s 4158(equation)s 5026(is)s +5223(enclosed)s 6105(in)s 220 fnt2 6335 11270(0c @Space)m 240 fnt1 +7465 11273(.)m 7616(W)s 19(e)k 7972(will)s 8384(discuss)s +0 10985(the)m 220 fnt2 348 10982(1.2f @Break)m 240 fnt1 1631 10985(later)m 13(.)k +480 10611(Thus)m 1015(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1521(we)s +1861(disposed)s 2762(of)s 3038(the)s 3391(language)s 4316(design)s +5003(part)s 5439(of)s 5715(the)s 6068(equation)s 6954(formatting)s +8020(problem;)s 8934(it)s 0 10323(remains)m 807(no)s 6(w)k 1268(to)s 1507(de\207ne)s 2148(the)s 2496(twenty)s 3201(or)s 3460(so)s 3726(symbols)s 4575(with)s 5057(parameters,)s 6211(and)s 6615(get)s 6967(the)s 7315(layout)s 7973(right.)s 480 9949(Ev)m 3(ery)k @@ -17952,7 +18757,7 @@ grestore 6428(e)s 3(xample,)k 7356(the)s 7719(superscripting)s 0 9085(symbol)m 760(is)s 970(de\207ned)s 1733(as)s 1983(follo)s 6(ws:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_equa_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 8586(def sup)m 480 8298( precedence 60)m 480 8010( associativity left)m 480 7722( left x)m 480 7434( named gap { @SupGap })m 480 7146( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 6858({)m 480 6570( @HContr)m 2(act @VContr)k 2(act {)k 480 6282( | @Smaller y)m 480 5994( ^/gap x)m 480 5706( })m 480 5418(})m 240 fnt1 @@ -17979,7 +18784,7 @@ grestore 6457(and)s 6865(assists)s 7529(when)s 8109(tuning)s 8778(the)s 0 3484(v)m 6(alues.)k 769(Here)s 1289(is)s 1499(another)s 2276(characteristic)s 3600(de\207nition:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_equa_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_6 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3034(def o)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 480 2746( precedence 54)m 480 2458( associativity left)m 480 2170( left x)m 480 1882( named gap { 0.2f })m 480 1594( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 1306({)m 480 1018( @HContr)m 2(act @VContr)k 2(act {)k 480 730( |0.5r)m -8(t @OneCol x)k @@ -17998,6 +18803,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -18032,27 +18839,34 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.1.)m -1871(An)s 2191(equation)s 3083(formatting)s 4147(pac)s 4(ka)k 2(g)k 2(e)k -240 fnt5 10250 -1583(83)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.1.)m 1871(An)s 2191(equation)s 3083(formatting)s +4147(pac)s 4(ka)k 2(g)k 2(e)k 240 fnt5 +10250 -1583(83)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13267 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13210( })m -480 12922(})m 240 fnt1 0 12428(Both)m 518(parameters)s 1611(are)s -1953(centred,)s 2758(since)s 3299(we)s 3629(do)s 3917(not)s -4278(kno)s 6(w)k 4853(which)s 5490(will)s 5911(be)s -6188(the)s 6530(wider;)s 7181(we)s 7511(use)s 220 fnt2 -7881 12425(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 8887 12428(to)m 0 12140(mak)m 2(e)k -570(sure)s 1021(that)s 1437(the)s 1782(entire)s 2379(parameter)s -3390(is)s 3598(centred,)s 4405(not)s 4769(just)s 5171(its)s -5445(\207rst)s 5873(column,)s 6696(and)s 220 fnt2 7097 12137(@HContr)m 2(act)k -240 fnt1 8358 12140(ensures)m 0 11852(that)m 428(the)s 787(fraction)s -1597(will)s 2034(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2627(e)s 3(xpand)k +220 fnt2 480 13210( })m 480 12922(})m +240 fnt1 0 12428(Both)m 518(parameters)s 1611(are)s 1953(centred,)s +2758(since)s 3299(we)s 3629(do)s 3917(not)s 4278(kno)s 6(w)k +4853(which)s 5490(will)s 5911(be)s 6188(the)s 6530(wider;)s +7181(we)s 7511(use)s 220 fnt2 7881 12425(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 +8887 12428(to)m 0 12140(mak)m 2(e)k 570(sure)s 1021(that)s +1437(the)s 1782(entire)s 2379(parameter)s 3390(is)s 3598(centred,)s +4405(not)s 4769(just)s 5171(its)s 5445(\207rst)s 5873(column,)s +6696(and)s 220 fnt2 7097 12137(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 +8358 12140(ensures)m 0 11852(that)m 428(the)s 787(fraction)s 1597(will)s +2034(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2627(e)s 3(xpand)k 3385(to)s 3635(\207ll)s 3966(all)s 4269(the)s 4628(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5547(space,)s 6196(as)s 6457(Lout)s 6980(objects)s 7719(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8231(a)s 8408(natural)s 0 11564(tendenc)m 3(y)k 915(to)s @@ -18060,7 +18874,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3690 11564(is)m 3900(a)s 4066(horizontal)s 5090(line)s 5504(of)s 5775(the)s 6123(width)s 6725(of)s 6996(the)s 7344(column:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_equa_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11063(def @HLine)m 480 10775( named line { "0.05 ft setline)m 4(width" })k 480 10487({ )m 480 10199( { "0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto" line "strok)k 4(e" } @Gr)k 2(aphic {})k 480 9911(})m 240 fnt1 0 9417(Here)m 520(we)s 855(are)s @@ -18075,7 +18889,7 @@ grestore [ /Rect [7208 8752 7321 8919] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark 7208(6)s 7321(].)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_equa_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_8 /DEST pdfmark 480 8381(Some)m 1090(symbols,)s 2004(such)s 2509(as)s 240 fnt4 2768 8375(\243)m 240 fnt1 2963 8381(and)m 240 fnt4 3376 8375(\271)m 240 fnt1 3505 8381(,)m 3621(should)s 4327(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k @@ -18130,25 +18944,24 @@ grestore 5364(is)s 5566(described)s 6533(from)s 7050(the)s 7391(user')s 13(s)k 7991(perspecti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 1126(in)m 250(the)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark 606(User')s 13(s)k 1275(Guide)s 1924([)s [ /Rect [1995 1123 2101 1291] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 1995(5)s 2101(].)s 2352(In)s 2616(26)s 2917(pages)s 3520(of)s 3799(Lout,)s 4366(the)s 4722(DocumentLaytout)s 6531(package)s 7379(de\207nes)s -8116(man)s 3(y)k 8707(fea)s 8998(-)s 0 838(tures)m -506(required)s 1350(in)s 1583(the)s 1921(formatting)s 2972(of)s -3233(simple)s 3916(documents,)s 5050(technical)s 5957(reports,)s 6717(and)s -7111(books,)s 7781(including)s 8728(dis)s 8998(-)s 0 550(plays,)m -603(lists,)s 1085(page)s 1584(layout,)s 2280(cross)s 2813(references,)s -3891(tables)s 4490(of)s 4752(contents,)s 5647(footnotes,)s 6635(\207gures,)s -7384(tables,)s 8039(references,)s 0 262(chapters,)m 903(sections,)s 1780(and)s -2184(sorted)s 2826(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es.)k +8116(man)s 3(y)k 8707(fea-)s 0 838(tures)m 505(required)s +1348(in)s 1581(the)s 1918(formatting)s 2968(of)s 3229(simple)s +3911(documents,)s 5045(technical)s 5951(reports,)s 6710(and)s 7104(books,)s +7773(including)s 8719(dis-)s 0 550(plays,)m 603(lists,)s 1085(page)s +1584(layout,)s 2280(cross)s 2813(references,)s 3891(tables)s 4490(of)s +4752(contents,)s 5647(footnotes,)s 6635(\207gures,)s 7384(tables,)s 8039(references,)s +0 262(chapters,)m 903(sections,)s 1780(and)s 2184(sorted)s 2826(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es.)k + grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -18159,6 +18972,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -18190,52 +19005,59 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(84)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(84)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s +9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13205(The)m 939(symbols)s 1819(used)s 2347(for)s 2716(separating)s -3782(paragraphs)s 4913(and)s 5348(producing)s 6403(displays)s 7269(and)s - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark -7704(lists)s 8170(may)s 8667(lack)s 0 12917(the)m 351(e)s 3(xcitement)k -1459(of)s 1733(more)s 2284(e)s 3(xotic)k 2921(features,)s -3786(b)s 4(ut)k 4152(the)s 3(y)k 4618(can)s -5010(teach)s 5574(some)s 6139(important)s 7131(lessons)s 7876(about)s -8472(rob)s 4(ust)k 0 12629(design.)m 786(The)s 1211(follo)s 6(wing)k -2185(macro)s 2832(for)s 3167(separating)s 4199(paragraphs)s 5296(produces)s -6207(a)s 6370(0.3)s 6711(cm)s 7060(v)s 3(ertical)k -7824(space)s 8408(and)s 8809(a)s 8971(1)s 0 12341(cm)m -352(indent)s 1010(on)s 1307(the)s 1655(follo)s 6(wing)k -2632(line,)s 3097(and)s 3501(is)s 3711(clearly)s 4414(on)s -4711(the)s 5059(right)s 5570(track:)s 220 fnt2 480 11840(macro @PP { //0.3c &1c })m -240 fnt1 0 11346(Ne)m 6(v)k 3(ertheless)k 1276(it)s -1468(has)s 1838(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 2560(major)s -3177(problems.)s 480 10972(The)m 220 fnt2 926 10969(&)m 240 fnt1 -1147 10972(symbol)m 1926(is)s 2154(subject)s 2910(to)s 3168(widening)s -4130(during)s 4827(line)s 5260(adjustment,)s 6434(so)s 6719(it)s -6930(should)s 7645(be)s 7946(replaced)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt2 -0 10681(1c @Wide {})m 240 fnt1 1213 10684(.)m 1387(But)s 1804(then)s -2284(white)s 2882(space)s 3480(follo)s 6(wing)k 4468(the)s -4827(symbol)s 5597(will)s 6034(af)s 6(fect)k 6641(the)s -7000(result,)s 7648(so)s 7925(an)s 8219(e)s 3(xtra)k -220 fnt2 8764 10681(&0i)m 240 fnt1 0 10396(must)m 528(be)s -814(added.)s 1553(If)s 1787(the)s 2138(document)s 3146(is)s -3359(printed)s 4098(double)s 4810(spaced,)s 5571(this)s 5971(paragraph)s -6987(g)s 1(ap)k 7389(will)s 7818(f)s 2(ail)k -8192(to)s 8435(widen:)s 0 10108(it)m 204(should)s 914(be)s -1208(e)s 3(xpressed)k 2219(in)s 2475(terms)s 3068(of)s -3352(the)s 220 fnt2 3712 10105(v)m 240 fnt1 3894 10108(unit,)m -4386(with)s 4880(mark-to-mark)s 6280(spacing)s 7076(mode.)s 7785(Similarly)s 15(,)k -8778(the)s 0 9820(paragraph)m 1013(indent)s 1671(should)s 2368(probably)s -3273(be)s 3555(made)s 4129(proportional)s 5366(to)s 5605(the)s -5953(font)s 6398(size.)s 480 9446(`Magic)m 1211(numbers')s 2135(lik)s 2(e)k +480 13205(The)m 939(symbols)s 1819(used)s +2347(for)s 2716(separating)s 3782(paragraphs)s 4913(and)s 5348(producing)s +6403(displays)s 7269(and)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark +7704(lists)s 8170(may)s 8667(lack)s +0 12917(the)m 351(e)s 3(xcitement)k 1459(of)s 1733(more)s +2284(e)s 3(xotic)k 2921(features,)s 3786(b)s 4(ut)k +4152(the)s 3(y)k 4618(can)s 5010(teach)s 5574(some)s +6139(important)s 7131(lessons)s 7876(about)s 8472(rob)s 4(ust)k +0 12629(design.)m 786(The)s 1211(follo)s 6(wing)k 2185(macro)s +2832(for)s 3167(separating)s 4199(paragraphs)s 5296(produces)s 6207(a)s +6370(0.3)s 6711(cm)s 7060(v)s 3(ertical)k 7824(space)s +8408(and)s 8809(a)s 8971(1)s 0 12341(cm)m 352(indent)s +1010(on)s 1307(the)s 1655(follo)s 6(wing)k 2632(line,)s +3097(and)s 3501(is)s 3711(clearly)s 4414(on)s 4711(the)s +5059(right)s 5570(track:)s 220 fnt2 480 11840(macro @PP { //0.3c &1c })m 240 fnt1 +0 11346(Ne)m 6(v)k 3(ertheless)k 1276(it)s 1468(has)s +1838(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 2560(major)s 3177(problems.)s +480 10972(The)m 220 fnt2 926 10969(&)m 240 fnt1 1147 10972(symbol)m +1926(is)s 2154(subject)s 2910(to)s 3168(widening)s 4130(during)s +4827(line)s 5260(adjustment,)s 6434(so)s 6719(it)s 6930(should)s +7645(be)s 7946(replaced)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt2 0 10681(1c @Wide {})m +240 fnt1 1213 10684(.)m 1387(But)s 1804(then)s 2284(white)s +2882(space)s 3480(follo)s 6(wing)k 4468(the)s 4827(symbol)s +5597(will)s 6034(af)s 6(fect)k 6641(the)s 7000(result,)s +7648(so)s 7925(an)s 8219(e)s 3(xtra)k 220 fnt2 +8764 10681(&0i)m 240 fnt1 0 10396(must)m 528(be)s 814(added.)s +1553(If)s 1787(the)s 2138(document)s 3146(is)s 3359(printed)s +4098(double)s 4810(spaced,)s 5571(this)s 5971(paragraph)s 6987(g)s 1(ap)k +7389(will)s 7818(f)s 2(ail)k 8192(to)s 8435(widen:)s +0 10108(it)m 204(should)s 914(be)s 1208(e)s 3(xpressed)k +2219(in)s 2475(terms)s 3068(of)s 3352(the)s 220 fnt2 +3712 10105(v)m 240 fnt1 3894 10108(unit,)m 4386(with)s 4880(mark-to-mark)s +6280(spacing)s 7076(mode.)s 7785(Similarly)s 15(,)k 8778(the)s +0 9820(paragraph)m 1013(indent)s 1671(should)s 2368(probably)s 3273(be)s +3555(made)s 4129(proportional)s 5366(to)s 5605(the)s 5953(font)s +6398(size.)s 480 9446(`Magic)m 1211(numbers')s 2135(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 2535 9443(0.3c)m 240 fnt1 2993 9446(should)m 3678(not)s 4032(be)s 4302(b)s 4(uried)k 4955(in)s 5186(de\207nitions)s 6235(where)s 6863(the)s 3(y)k 7314(cannot)s 8000(be)s @@ -18245,7 +19067,7 @@ grestore 7592(better)s 8195(placed)s 8876(as)s 0 8870(symbols,)m 905(possibly)s 1757(parameters)s 2855(of)s 3126(the)s 3474(enclosing)s 4444(package:)s 220 fnt2 480 8369(def @DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark 480 8081( named @P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap { 1.3vx })k 480 7793( named @P)m 8(ar)k 2(aIndent { 2f })k 480 7505( ...)m 480 7217(@Begin)m 480 6641( macro @PP { //@P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap @P)k 8(ar)k 2(aIndent @Wide &0i })k @@ -18257,7 +19079,7 @@ grestore 6170(DocumentLayout)s 7905(package.)s 480 4905(A)m 710(display)s 1455(is)s 1665(a)s 1831(table)s 2351(in)s 2594(which)s 3236(the)s 3584(\207rst)s 4015(column)s 4790(is)s 5000(blank:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 480 4402(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt2 480 4109(//@DispGap |@DispIndent)m 240 fnt6 3183 4114(display)m 220 fnt2 480 3821(//@DispGap)m @@ -18275,7 +19097,7 @@ grestore 5617(Lout)s 6179(source)s 6908(sho)s 6(wn)k 7635(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e;)k 8363(a)s 8579(more)s 0 1799(appropriate)m 1144(syntax)s 1824(is)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 480 1296(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt2 480 1003(@IndentedDispla)m 6(y {)k 240 fnt6 2514 1008(display)m 220 fnt2 3321 1003(})m 240 fnt6 480 720(following)m 1438(te)s 4(xt)k @@ -18298,6 +19120,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -18329,10 +19153,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.2.)m -1871(P)s 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs,)k +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.2.)m 1871(P)s 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs,)k 3082(displays,)s 3959(and)s 4385(lists)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(85)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -18374,9 +19204,9 @@ grestore 7519 6022(when)m 8094(there)s 8625(is)s 8833(no)s 0 5734(follo)m 6(wing)k 977(te)s 3(xt.)k 480 5360(An)m 858(automatically)s 2240(numbered)s 3283(list)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_6 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_7 /DEST pdfmark 3662(could)s 4280(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4809(an)s 5121(arbitrarily)s 6156(lar)s 4(ge)k 6713(number)s 7532(of)s 7831(items,)s 8483(so,)s 8832(by)s 0 5072(analogy)m @@ -18400,10 +19230,10 @@ grestore 8110(and)s 220 fnt2 8506 818(@List)m 240 fnt1 0 533(will)m 426(e)s 3(xpand)k 1173(just)s 1578(enough)s 2341(to)s 2580(accommodate)s 3964(them.)s 480 159(The)m 908(usual)s 1468(problem)s -2325(with)s 2807(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e-)k 3741(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -4663(symbols)s 5513(no)s 6(w)k 5974(arises:)s 6683(there)s -7216(is)s 7426(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 8137(one)s -8540(une)s 3(x)k 8998(-)s +2325(with)s 2806(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e-)k 3740(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +4662(symbols)s 5511(no)s 6(w)k 5972(arises:)s 6680(there)s +7213(is)s 7423(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 8134(one)s +8535(une)s 3(x-)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -18418,6 +19248,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -18449,45 +19281,51 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(86)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(86)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s +9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(panded)m 220 fnt2 753 13202(@List)m 240 fnt1 1313 13205(,)m -1424(and)s 1832(until)s 2329(it)s 2525(can)s 2917(be)s -3203(remo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 4096(the)s 4448(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -5086(containing)s 6152(it)s 6348(will)s 6778(appear)s 7479(to)s -7722(be)s 8008(incomplete)s 0 12917(and)m 394(will)s 810(be)s -1081(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ented)k 2063(at)s 2285(that)s -2692(point)s 3234(from)s 3747(\210ushing)s 4562(into)s 4977(its)s -5242(parent)s 5889(\(see)s 6318(page)s 6816(30\).)s 7289(W)s 19(e)k -7647(adopt)s 8229(the)s 8566(usual)s 0 12629(solution:)m 937(a)s -1104(forcing)s 1847(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2482(into)s -2908(a)s 3074(later)s 3558(tar)s 4(get)k 4158(will)s -4584(replace)s 5330(the)s 5679(last)s 220 fnt2 6070 12626(@List)m -240 fnt1 6691 12629(by)m 220 fnt2 6986 12626(@Null)m 240 fnt1 -7571 12629(.)m 7735(This)s 8212(brings)s 8862(us)s 0 12341(to)m -239(the)s 587(de\207nitions)s 1648(as)s 1898(the)s 3(y)k +0 13205(panded)m 220 fnt2 753 13202(@List)m +240 fnt1 1313 13205(,)m 1424(and)s 1832(until)s 2329(it)s +2525(can)s 2917(be)s 3203(remo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k +4096(the)s 4448(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5086(containing)s +6152(it)s 6348(will)s 6778(appear)s 7479(to)s 7722(be)s +8008(incomplete)s 0 12917(and)m 394(will)s 810(be)s 1081(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ented)k +2063(at)s 2285(that)s 2692(point)s 3234(from)s 3747(\210ushing)s +4562(into)s 4977(its)s 5242(parent)s 5889(\(see)s 6318(page)s +6816(30\).)s 7289(W)s 19(e)k 7647(adopt)s 8229(the)s +8566(usual)s 0 12629(solution:)m 937(a)s 1104(forcing)s 1847(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +2482(into)s 2908(a)s 3074(later)s 3558(tar)s 4(get)k +4158(will)s 4584(replace)s 5330(the)s 5679(last)s 220 fnt2 +6070 12626(@List)m 240 fnt1 6691 12629(by)m 220 fnt2 6986 12626(@Null)m +240 fnt1 7571 12629(.)m 7735(This)s 8212(brings)s 8862(us)s +0 12341(to)m 239(the)s 587(de\207nitions)s 1648(as)s 1898(the)s 3(y)k 2361(appear)s 3058(in)s 3301(DocumentLayout:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_8 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11840(def @ItemPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 11552(def @ListItem into { @ItemPlace&&preceding })m 480 11264( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 10976({ x })m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 10484(def @EndListPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 10196(def @EndList f)m 6(orce into { @EndListPlace&&preceding })k 480 9908({})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 9416(def @Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k 480 9128( named style r)m -3(ight tag {})k 480 8840( named indent { @DispIndent })m 480 8552( named gap { @DispGap })m 480 8264( named star)m -8(t { 1 })k 480 7976({)m 480 7688( def @IList r)m -3(ight n)k 2(um)k 480 7400( {)m 480 7112( indent @Wide {style n)m 2(um} | @ItemPlace)k 480 6824( //gap @IList @Ne)m 6(xt n)k 2(um)k 480 6536( })m 480 5960( @IList star)m -8(t // @EndListPlace)k 480 5672(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 5178(No)m 6(w)k 514(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1094(the)s 1442(input)s 220 fnt2 480 4677(@Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k @@ -18536,6 +19374,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -18567,10 +19407,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.2.)m -1871(P)s 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs,)k +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.2.)m 1871(P)s 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs,)k 3082(displays,)s 3959(and)s 4385(lists)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(87)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -18593,7 +19439,7 @@ grestore 480 11466(macro @P)m 8(arenNumberedList { //@DispGap @Ra)k 4(wP)k 8(arenNumberedList //@DispGap })k 240 fnt1 0 10970(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 480 10596(Lists)m 994(numbered)s 2007(by)s 2300(Roman)s 3047(numerals)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_para_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_9 /DEST pdfmark 3973(present)s 4721(a)s 4886(problem,)s 5788(because)s 220 fnt2 6600 10593(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 7322 10596(will)m 7747(not)s 8111(increment)s 0 10308(Roman)m @@ -18628,9 +19474,9 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTpagelayout /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 2608(The)m 921(page)s 1443(layout)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark 2115(de\207nitions)s 3190(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3783(in)s 4040(Section)s 4828(1.2,)s 5249(although)s 6158(correct,)s 6940(are)s 7301(v)s 3(ery)k @@ -18657,7 +19503,7 @@ grestore 6017(and)s 6420(refers)s 7012(to)s 7250(the)s 7597(mark)s 2(ed)k 8369(page)s 8876(as)s 220 fnt2 0 503(@P)m 8(ageOf intro)k 240 fnt1 1499 506(else)m 6(where:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -18673,6 +19519,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -18704,28 +19552,34 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(88)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(88)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s +9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12919(def @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag { @Null })k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 12422(def @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12134({)m 480 11846( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x)k 480 11558(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 11066(def @P)m 8(ageOf r)k -3(ight x)k 480 10778({)m 480 10490( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 480 10202(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9708(W)m 19(e)k 385(will)s 828(see)s 1206(belo)s 6(w)k 1856(that)s 2291(an)s 2591(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3662(of)s 220 fnt2 @@ -18784,7 +19638,7 @@ grestore 4793(at)s 5015(the)s 5354(foot)s 5790(of)s 6052(the)s 6390(page)s 6889(for)s 7218(footnotes,)s 8205(preceded)s 0 597(by)m 294(a)s 460(short)s 998(horizontal)s 2022(line:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 96(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k grestore @@ -18802,6 +19656,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -18833,24 +19689,31 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.3.)m -1871(P)s 19(a)k 2(g)k 2(e)k 2393(layout)s -240 fnt5 10249 -1583(89)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.3.)m 1871(P)s 19(a)k 2(g)k 2(e)k +2393(layout)s 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(89)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(def @F)m 6(ootList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k -480 12919({)m 480 12631( @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 12343( //@F)m 6(ootGap @F)k 6(ootList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k +220 fnt2 +480 13207(def @F)m 6(ootList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12919({)m +480 12631( @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 12343( //@F)m 6(ootGap @F)k 6(ootList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12055(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark 480 11563(def @F)m 6(ootSect)k 480 11275({)m 480 10987( @F)m 6(ootLen @Wide @HLine)k 480 10699( //@F)m 6(ootGap @F)k 6(ootList 1 ||@F)k 6(ootLen)k 480 10411(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9917(Similarly)m 15(,)k 220 fnt2 988 9914(@ColF)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt1 2378 9917(and)m 220 fnt2 2791 9914(@ColF)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 4279 9917(pro)m 3(vide)k 5072(a)s 5247(sequence)s @@ -18864,7 +19727,7 @@ grestore 1871(pro)s 3(vides)k 2743(a)s 2909(horizontal)s 3933(sequence)s 4866(of)s 5137(one)s 5539(or)s 5798(more)s 6345(columns:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5015(def @ColList r)m -3(ight col)k 480 4727({)m 480 4439( def @Column)m 480 4151( { @VExpand { @ColPlace //1r)m -8(t @OneRo)k 3(w { //@MidGap @ColF)k 6(ootSect } } })k 480 3575( col @Case {)m 480 3287( Single @Y)m 4(ield @Column)k 480 2999( Doub)m 4(le @Y)k 4(ield { @Doub)k 4(leColWidth @Wide @Column ||@ColGap @ColList col })k @@ -18889,7 +19752,7 @@ grestore 4385(in)s 4628(a)s 4794(page)s 5302(of)s 5573(\207x)s 3(ed)k 6107(width,)s 6759(height,)s 7464(and)s 7868(mar)s 4(gins:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_6 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -18905,6 +19768,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -18936,18 +19801,24 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(90)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(90)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s +9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(def @P)m 8(age r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12919({)m -480 12631( @P)m 8(ageWidth @Wide @P)k 8(ageHeight @High {)k 480 12343( //@P)m 8(ageMargin ||@P)k 8(ageMargin)k +220 fnt2 480 13207(def @P)m 8(age r)k -3(ight x)k +480 12919({)m 480 12631( @P)m 8(ageWidth @Wide @P)k 8(ageHeight @High {)k 480 12343( //@P)m 8(ageMargin ||@P)k 8(ageMargin)k 480 12055( @HExpand @VExpand x)m 480 11767( ||@P)m 8(ageMargin //@P)k 8(ageMargin)k 480 11479( })m 480 11191(})m 0 10694(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 1169 10697(and)m 220 fnt2 1568 10694(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 2725 10697(ensure)m 3400(that)s 3814(the)s @@ -18965,7 +19836,7 @@ grestore 3079(de\207ning)s 3917(a)s 4083(typical)s 4788(page)s 5296(of)s 5567(a)s 5733(book)s 6274(or)s 6533(other)s 7084(document:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9246(def @OneP)m 8(age)k 480 8958( named @Columns {})m 480 8670( named @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op {})k 480 8382( named @P)m 8(ageF)k 6(oot {})k 480 8094({)m 480 7806( @P)m 8(age {)k 480 7518( @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op)k 480 7230( //@MidGap @T)m 26(opList)k @@ -18999,7 +19870,7 @@ grestore 7085(produced.)s 8146(These)s 8779(are)s 0 3194(based)m 603(on)s 900(the)s 220 fnt2 1248 3191(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 2250 3194(symbol:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_8 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 2693(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(opOdd @T)k 26(opEv)k 5(en @F)k 6(ootOdd @F)k 6(ootEv)k 5(en)k 480 2405(def @Runner)m 480 2117( named @T)m 26(opOdd r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k 480 1829( named @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k @@ -19023,6 +19894,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -19054,11 +19927,17 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.3.)m -1871(P)s 19(a)k 2(g)k 2(e)k 2393(layout)s -240 fnt5 10256 -1583(91)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.3.)m 1871(P)s 19(a)k 2(g)k 2(e)k +2393(layout)s 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(91)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -19087,7 +19966,7 @@ grestore 3872 10391(,)m 3973(whose)s 4635(result)s 5219(is)s 5423(a)s 5583(sequence)s 6510(of)s 6775(pages)s 7365(be)s 3(ginning)k 8367(with)s 8843(an)s 0 10103(odd-numbered)m 1454(page:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_9 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9602(def @OddP)m 8(ageList)k 480 9314( named @Columns {})m 480 9026( r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 8738({)m 480 8450( def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList ...)k 480 7874( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k @@ -19097,39 +19976,38 @@ grestore 480 6146( })m 480 5858( // @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 480 5570( @Columns { @Columns })m 480 5282( @Ne)m 6(xt @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 4994(})m 240 fnt1 0 4500(Ignoring)m 220 fnt2 887 4497(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k -240 fnt1 2516 4500(for)m 2865(the)s 3223(moment,)s 4125(notice)s -4775(\207rst)s 5217(that)s 5645(the)s 6004(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k -7068(of)s 220 fnt2 7350 4497(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 -8554 4500(is)m 8775(en)s 8998(-)s 0 4212(closed)m 679(in)s -220 fnt2 932 4209(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open)k 240 fnt1 -3815 4212(.)m 3989(Since)s 220 fnt2 4586 4209(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k +240 fnt1 2516 4500(for)m 2864(the)s 3222(moment,)s 4124(notice)s +4774(\207rst)s 5215(that)s 5643(the)s 6002(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k +7066(of)s 220 fnt2 7347 4497(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 +8551 4500(is)m 8772(en-)s 0 4212(closed)m 679(in)s 220 fnt2 +932 4209(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open)k 240 fnt1 3815 4212(.)m +3989(Since)s 220 fnt2 4586 4209(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 6721 4212(refers)m 7324(to)s 7573(the)s 7931(\207rst)s -8373(in)s 9(v)k 4(oca)k 8998(-)s 0 3924(tion)m -421(of)s 220 fnt2 684 3921(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 1678 3924(appearing)m -2666(after)s 3154(itself)s 3694(in)s 3929(the)s 4269(\207nal)s -4741(printed)s 5468(document,)s 6511(the)s 6851(symbols)s 220 fnt2 -7692 3921(@T)m 26(opOdd)k 240 fnt1 8722 3924(and)m 220 fnt2 -0 3633(@F)m 6(ootOdd)k 240 fnt1 1127 3636(will)m 1562(tak)s 2(e)k -2023(their)s 2528(v)s 6(alue)k 3105(from)s 3638(the)s -3995(\207rst)s 4434(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5497(of)s -220 fnt2 5777 3633(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 6788 3636(follo)m 6(wing)k -7773(the)s 8130(top)s 8498(of)s 8778(the)s 0 3348(page,)m -554(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1049(though)s 220 fnt2 -1767 3345(@F)m 6(ootOdd)k 240 fnt1 2880 3348(appears)m 3656(at)s -3883(the)s 4225(foot)s 4665(of)s 4931(the)s 5274(page.)s -5884(Their)s 220 fnt2 6456 3345(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt1 -7687 3348(parameters)m 8779(are)s 0 3060(replaced)m 867(by)s 220 fnt2 -1161 3057(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt1 2337 3060(,)m 2444(the)s -2792(actual)s 3417(page)s 3925(number)s 4716(parameter)s 5730(of)s -220 fnt2 6001 3057(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7480 3060(.)m -480 2686(After)m 1043(producing)s 2067(the)s 2415(odd-numbered)s 3869(page,)s -220 fnt2 4428 2683(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 5967 2686(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k -220 fnt2 6748 2683(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 -8307 2686(:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_page_10 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 480 2185(def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k -480 1897( named @Columns {})m 480 1609( r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 1321({)m -480 1033( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k +8373(in)s 9(v)k 4(oca-)k 0 3924(tion)m 421(of)s +220 fnt2 684 3921(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 1678 3924(appearing)m 2666(after)s +3154(itself)s 3694(in)s 3929(the)s 4269(\207nal)s 4741(printed)s +5468(document,)s 6511(the)s 6851(symbols)s 220 fnt2 7692 3921(@T)m 26(opOdd)k +240 fnt1 8722 3924(and)m 220 fnt2 0 3633(@F)m 6(ootOdd)k +240 fnt1 1127 3636(will)m 1562(tak)s 2(e)k 2023(their)s +2528(v)s 6(alue)k 3105(from)s 3638(the)s 3995(\207rst)s +4434(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5497(of)s 220 fnt2 +5777 3633(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 6788 3636(follo)m 6(wing)k 7773(the)s +8130(top)s 8498(of)s 8778(the)s 0 3348(page,)m 554(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +1049(though)s 220 fnt2 1767 3345(@F)m 6(ootOdd)k 240 fnt1 +2880 3348(appears)m 3656(at)s 3883(the)s 4225(foot)s 4665(of)s +4931(the)s 5274(page.)s 5884(Their)s 220 fnt2 6456 3345(@P)m 8(ageNum)k +240 fnt1 7687 3348(parameters)m 8779(are)s 0 3060(replaced)m 867(by)s +220 fnt2 1161 3057(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt1 2337 3060(,)m +2444(the)s 2792(actual)s 3417(page)s 3925(number)s 4716(parameter)s +5730(of)s 220 fnt2 6001 3057(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 +7480 3060(.)m 480 2686(After)m 1043(producing)s 2067(the)s 2415(odd-numbered)s +3869(page,)s 220 fnt2 4428 2683(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 +5967 2686(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 220 fnt2 +6748 2683(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 8307 2686(:)m + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_10 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 480 2185(def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 480 1897( named @Columns {})m +480 1609( r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 1321({)m 480 1033( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 745( // @Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open {)k 480 457( @OneP)m 8(age)k 480 169( @Columns { @Columns })m grestore @@ -19146,6 +20024,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -19177,13 +20057,19 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(92)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(92)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s +9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -19218,7 +20104,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 8189(The)m 905(de\207nitions)s 1962(of)s 2229(chapters)s 3073(and)s 3473(sections)s 4290(from)s 4811(the)s 5155(DocumentSetup)s 6746(package)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark 7583(of)s 7850(V)s 26(ersion)k 8634(2)s 8804(\(in)s 0 7901(V)m 26(ersion)k 793(3,)s 1026(the)s 1379(BookSetup)s 2503(e)s 3(xtension)k 3480(of)s @@ -19226,7 +20112,7 @@ grestore 7334(this)s 7736(section.)s 8583(The)s 3(y)k 0 7613(allo)m 6(w)k 579(a)s 745(chapter)s 1508(to)s 1747(be)s 2029(entered)s 2790(lik)s 2(e)k 3202(this:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 7112(@Chapter)m 480 6824( @Title { ...)m 13( })k 480 6536( @T)m 26(ag { ...)k 13( })k 480 6248(@Begin)m 480 5960( ...)m 480 5672(@End @Chapter)m 240 fnt1 0 5176(W)m 9(ithin)k @@ -19246,7 +20132,7 @@ grestore 5050(in)s 5304(the)s 5662(document.)s 6780(This)s 7267(feature)s 7995(is)s 8215(based)s 8829(on)s 0 2118(the)m 348(follo)s 6(wing)k 1325(de\207nitions:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 1617(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 1329(def @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag { @Null })k 480 753(def @NumberOf r)m -3(ight x)k 480 465({ @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag } })k @@ -19265,6 +20151,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -19296,20 +20184,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.4.)m -1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s 3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 -10250 -1583(93)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.4.)m 1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s +3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(93)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(Each)m 522(chapter)s 1272(and)s -1663(section)s 2384(will)s 2797(contain)s 3545(one)s 3934(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k -4975(of)s 220 fnt2 5233 13202(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k -240 fnt1 6918 13205(;)m 7017(a)s 7170(full)s 7543(e)s 3(xplanation)k +0 13205(Each)m +522(chapter)s 1272(and)s 1663(section)s 2384(will)s 2797(contain)s +3545(one)s 3934(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4975(of)s +220 fnt2 5233 13202(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 +6918 13205(;)m 7017(a)s 7170(full)s 7543(e)s 3(xplanation)k 8700(will)s 0 12917(be)m 282(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 862(later)s 13(.)k 480 12543(A)m 710(sequence)s 1643(of)s 1914(places)s 2562(for)s 2900(recei)s 6(ving)k 3836(chapters)s @@ -19323,18 +20218,18 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 0 9817(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 1063 9820(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1697(itself)s 2245(is)s 2455(de\207ned)s 3218(as)s 3468(follo)s 6(ws:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9319(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @F)k 6(ootNote @BeginSections @EndSections @Section)k 480 9031(def @Chapter f)m 6(orce into { @ChapterList&&preceding })k 480 8743( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 8455( named @Title {})m 480 8167( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 7879( body @Body)m 480 7591({)m 480 7303( def @F)m 6(ootNote r)k -3(ight x { @ColF)k 6(ootNote x })k 480 6727( def @BeginSections ...)m 480 6439( def @EndSections ...)m 480 6151( def @Section ...)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 5698( def @ChapterTitle)m 480 5410( {)m 480 5122( @ChapterNumbers @Case {)m 480 4834( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { Chapter {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13( |2s @Title })k 480 4546( else @Y)m 4(ield @Title)k 480 4258( })m 480 3970( })m 480 3394( def @ChapterNum)m 480 3106( {)m 480 2818( @ChapterNumbers @Case {)m 480 2530( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { Chapter {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag} })k 480 2242( else @Y)m 4(ield @Null)k 480 1954( })m 480 1666( })m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 1174( r)m 2(agged @Break @BookTitleF)k 6(or)k -5(mat @ChapterTitle)k 480 886( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er {)k 480 598( @ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 480 310( })m @@ -19352,6 +20247,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -19383,17 +20280,24 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(94)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(94)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s +9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207( // @ChapterList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12919( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k +220 fnt2 480 13207( // @ChapterList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k +480 12919( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12631( // @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12343( // { @ChapterTitle } @MajorContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 12055( // @Runner)m 480 11767( @F)m 6(ootEv)k 5(en { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k @@ -19401,7 +20305,7 @@ grestore 480 11191( // @Body)m 480 10903( //@SectionGap @ChapRefSection)m 480 10615( // @Runner)m 480 10327( @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en { @B @P)k 8(ageNum |1r)k -8(t @I @ChapterNum })k 480 10039( @T)m 26(opOdd { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1r)k -8(t @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 9751(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9257(W)m 19(e)k 371(will)s 800(see)s 1164(the)s 1515(symbols)s 2366(for)s 2707(sections)s 3531(shortly)s 15(.)k 4347(Notice)s 5042(ho)s 6(w)k 5506(their)s 6006(use)s @@ -19438,22 +20342,22 @@ grestore 8960(a)s 0 6493(h)m 1(ypothetical)k 1236(third)s 1745(chapter)s 2508(whose)s 3176(tag)s 3521(is)s 220 fnt2 3731 6490(euclid)m 240 fnt1 4291 6493(.)m 220 fnt2 480 6116(@ChapterList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged euclid)k -240 fnt1 4758 6119(attaches)m 220 fnt2 5574 6116(euclid)m 240 fnt1 -6190 6119(as)m 6436(an)s 6715(e)s 3(xtra)k 7245(tag)s -7586(to)s 7821(the)s 8165(\207rst)s 8592(in)s 9(v)k 4(o)k -8998(-)s 0 5831(cation)m 653(of)s 220 fnt2 937 5828(@ChapterList)m -240 fnt1 2350 5831(preceding)m 3359(itself)s 3920(in)s 4176(the)s -4536(\207nal)s 5029(printed)s 5777(document.)s 6898(But)s 7317(this)s -220 fnt2 7726 5828(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt1 0 5543(must)m 525(be)s -807(the)s 1155(tar)s 4(get)k 1754(of)s 2025(the)s -2373(chapter)s 9(,)k 3174(and)s 3578(so)s 220 fnt2 -480 5042(@ChapterList&&euclid @Open { @T)m 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 4543(is)m 200(3,)s -416(the)s 754(number)s 1534(of)s 1795(the)s 2132(chapter)s -2885(\()s 220 fnt2 2958 4540(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 -3570 4543(refers)m 4153(to)s 4381(the)s 4719(parameter)s 5722(of)s -220 fnt2 5983 4540(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt1 7323 4543(,)m 7419(not)s -7775(the)s 8112(parameter)s 0 4255(of)m 220 fnt2 272 4252(@Chapter)m -240 fnt1 1275 4255(\).)m 1520(Consequently)s 2892(the)s 3242(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k +240 fnt1 4758 6119(attaches)m 220 fnt2 5573 6116(euclid)m 240 fnt1 +6188 6119(as)m 6434(an)s 6712(e)s 3(xtra)k 7241(tag)s +7582(to)s 7816(the)s 8159(\207rst)s 8585(in)s 9(v)k 4(o-)k +0 5831(cation)m 653(of)s 220 fnt2 937 5828(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt1 +2350 5831(preceding)m 3359(itself)s 3920(in)s 4176(the)s 4536(\207nal)s +5029(printed)s 5777(document.)s 6898(But)s 7317(this)s 220 fnt2 +7726 5828(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt1 0 5543(must)m 525(be)s 807(the)s +1155(tar)s 4(get)k 1754(of)s 2025(the)s 2373(chapter)s 9(,)k +3174(and)s 3578(so)s 220 fnt2 480 5042(@ChapterList&&euclid @Open { @T)m 26(ag })k +240 fnt1 0 4543(is)m 200(3,)s 416(the)s 754(number)s +1534(of)s 1795(the)s 2132(chapter)s 2885(\()s 220 fnt2 +2958 4540(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 3570 4543(refers)m 4153(to)s +4381(the)s 4719(parameter)s 5722(of)s 220 fnt2 5983 4540(@ChapterList)m +240 fnt1 7323 4543(,)m 7419(not)s 7775(the)s 8112(parameter)s +0 4255(of)m 220 fnt2 272 4252(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 1275 4255(\).)m +1520(Consequently)s 2892(the)s 3242(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4297(of)s 220 fnt2 4570 4252(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 6317 4255(within)m 6986(the)s 7336(chapter)s 8100(is)s 8312(equal)s 8887(to)s 220 fnt2 0 3964(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er 3)k @@ -19502,6 +20406,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -19533,18 +20439,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.4.)m -1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s 3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 -10250 -1583(95)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.4.)m 1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s +3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(95)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&euclid @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k -240 fnt1 0 12708(which)m 642(w)s 2(ould)k 1297(no)s 6(w)k +220 fnt2 +480 13207(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&euclid @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 +0 12708(which)m 642(w)s 2(ould)k 1297(no)s 6(w)k 1758(be)s 2040(equal)s 2613(to)s 220 fnt2 480 12207(@ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @T)m 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 11708(whose)m 663(v)s 6(alue,)k 1276(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated)k 2233(as)s 2477(it)s 2663(is)s 2868(within)s 3530(Chapter)s @@ -19573,11 +20486,11 @@ grestore 8855(of)s 0 9894(references.)m 1144(This)s 1620(lea)s 4(v)k 3(es)k 2261(only)s 2741(the)s 3089(tw)s 2(o)k 3499(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 4640(of)s 220 fnt2 4911 9891(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 5913 9894(to)m -6152(e)s 3(xplain.)k 480 9520(The)m 978(\207rst)s 220 fnt2 -1479 9517(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 2551 9520(is)m 2831(just)s 3307(belo)s 6(w)k -4010(the)s 4428(heading.)s 5420(It)s 5695(will)s 6192(be)s -6544(the)s 6962(tar)s 4(get)k 7631(of)s 7972(the)s -220 fnt2 8391 9517(@Run)m 9002(-)s 0 9229(ner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k +6152(e)s 3(xplain.)k 480 9520(The)m 977(\207rst)s 220 fnt2 +1477 9517(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 2548 9520(is)m 2828(just)s 3302(belo)s 6(w)k +4004(the)s 4421(heading.)s 5413(It)s 5687(will)s 6182(be)s +6533(the)s 6951(tar)s 4(get)k 7619(of)s 7959(the)s +220 fnt2 8377 9517(@Run-)m 0 9229(ner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 1494 9232(cross)m 2030(reference)s 2967(at)s 3194(the)s 3536(be)s 3(ginning)k 4538(of)s 4803(the)s 5146(\207rst)s 5571(page)s 6073(of)s 6338(the)s 6681(chapter)s 7438(\(see)s @@ -19621,7 +20534,7 @@ grestore 8558(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 0 5515(dft)m 240 fnt1 240 5518(,)m 347(or)s 220 fnt2 606 5515(@Title)m 240 fnt1 1294 5518(otherwise:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5036(def @OrElse)m 480 4748( left x)m 480 4460( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 4172({)m 480 3884( x @Case {)m 480 3596( dft @Y)m 4(ield y)k 480 3308( else @Y)m 4(ield x)k 480 3020( })m 480 2732(})m 240 fnt1 0 2238(This)m 476(produces)s @@ -19634,7 +20547,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3004 950(.)m 480 576(Finally)m 15(,)k 1249(the)s 1597(de\207nitions)s 2658(for)s 2996(sections)s 3817(omitted)s 4605(earlier)s 5273(are)s 5620(as)s 5870(follo)s 6(ws:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_chap_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_6 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 75(def @EndSectionsPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k grestore @@ -19651,6 +20564,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -19682,21 +20597,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(96)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(96)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s +9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt2 480 13207(def @EndSections f)m 6(orce into { @EndSectionsPlace&&preceding } {})k 480 12919(macro @BeginSections { //@SectionGap @SectionList 1 // @EndSectionsPlace // })m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark -480 12422(def @Section f)m 6(orce into { @SectionList&&preceding })k -480 12134( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 11846( named @Title {})m 480 11558( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 11270( body @Body)m -480 10982({)m 480 10694( def @SectionTitle)m 480 10406( {)m 480 10118( @SectionNumbers @Case {)m 480 9830( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13( |2s @Title })k +220 fnt2 480 13207(def @EndSections f)m 6(orce into { @EndSectionsPlace&&preceding } {})k +480 12919(macro @BeginSections { //@SectionGap @SectionList 1 // @EndSectionsPlace // })m +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark +480 12422(def @Section f)m 6(orce into { @SectionList&&preceding })k 480 12134( named @T)m 26(ag {})k +480 11846( named @Title {})m 480 11558( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 11270( body @Body)m 480 10982({)m 480 10694( def @SectionTitle)m +480 10406( {)m 480 10118( @SectionNumbers @Case {)m 480 9830( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13( |2s @Title })k 480 9542( else @Y)m 4(ield @Title)k 480 9254( })m 480 8966( })m 480 8390( @Heading @Protect @SectionTitle)m 480 8102( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er {)k 480 7814( {@ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }}.{)k 480 7526( @SectionList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }})k 480 7238( })m 480 6950( // @ChapterList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k @@ -19704,7 +20626,7 @@ grestore 480 6086( // @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 5798( // { &3f @SectionTitle } @ContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 5510( //0io @Body)m 480 5222(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 4728(The)m 220 fnt2 409 4725(@BeginSections)m 240 fnt1 2066 4728(macro)m 2696(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 220 fnt2 3457 4725(@SectionList)m 240 fnt1 4748 4728(,)m 4835(preceded)s @@ -19769,6 +20691,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -19800,30 +20724,36 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.4.)m -1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s 3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 -10248 -1583(97)m gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.4.)m 1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s +3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(97)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(style,)m 558(and)s 962(he)s -1244(prefers)s 1957(separate)s 2795(names)s 3457(for)s 3795(the)s -4143(symbols)s 4992(at)s 5224(each)s 5719(le)s 6(v)k 3(el.)k -240 fnt5 0 12412(4.5.)m 471(Bibliographies)s +0 13205(style,)m +558(and)s 962(he)s 1244(prefers)s 1957(separate)s 2795(names)s +3457(for)s 3795(the)s 4143(symbols)s 4992(at)s 5224(each)s +5719(le)s 6(v)k 3(el.)k 240 fnt5 0 12412(4.5.)m +471(Bibliographies)s [ /Dest /LOUTbiblio /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 533 11935(The)m -953(\207rst)s 1376(step)s 1806(in)s 2041(the)s 2382(production)s -3468(of)s 3731(a)s 3889(bibliograph)s 1(y)k 5157(is)s -5359(to)s 5591(create)s 6208(a)s 6366(database)s 7237(of)s -7500(references)s 8523(based)s 0 11647(on)m 297(the)s 645(de\207nition)s - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 533 11935(The)m 953(\207rst)s 1376(step)s +1806(in)s 2041(the)s 2382(production)s 3468(of)s 3731(a)s +3889(bibliograph)s 1(y)k 5157(is)s 5359(to)s 5591(create)s +6208(a)s 6366(database)s 7237(of)s 7500(references)s 8523(based)s +0 11647(on)m 297(the)s 645(de\207nition)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11196(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ype @A)k 6(uthor @Title @Institution @Number @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 480 10908( @Y)m 30(ear @Proceedings @Jour)k -5(nal @V)k 17(olume @P)k 8(ages @Comment)k 480 10332(def @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 10044( named @T)m 26(ag)k 3270({ )s 11(T)k 26(A)k 6(G? })k @@ -19840,13 +20770,13 @@ grestore 480 4729( @T)m 26(ype { Book })k 480 4441( @A)m 6(uthor { Str)k -3(unk, )k 8(William and )k 8(White)k 3(, E.)k 13( B)k 4(.)k 13( })k 480 4153( @Title { )m 11(The Elements of Style })k 480 3865( @Pub)m 4(lisher { MacMillan, third edition })k 480 3577( @Y)m 30(ear { 1979 })k 480 3289(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 2797({ @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 2509( @T)m 26(ag { kingston92 })k 480 2221( @T)m 26(ype { )k 11(T)k 26(echRepor)k -8(t })k 480 1933( @A)m 6(uthor { Kingston, Jeffre)k 4(y H.)k 13( })k 480 1645( @Title { Document F)m 6(or)k -5(matting with Lout \(Second Edition\) })k 480 1357( @Number { 449 })m 480 1069( @Institution { Basser Depar)m -8(tment of Computer)k 480 781(Science F09, Univ)m 5(ersity of Sydne)k 4(y 2006, A)k 6(ustr)k 2(alia })k 480 493( @Y)m 30(ear { 1992 })k 480 205(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -19862,6 +20792,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -19893,28 +20825,34 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill 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1726 12629(symbol)m 2486(to)s 2725(get)s -3077(at)s 3309(its)s 3585(attrib)s 4(utes:)k 220 fnt2 -480 12128(@Ref)m 6(erence&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open)k 480 11840({ @A)m 6(uthor)k 11(, {Slope @F)k 6(ont @Title}.)k 13( @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 11(, @Y)k 30(ear)k 11(.)k 13( })k +0 13205(Since)m 596(named)s 1301(parameters)s +2408(are)s 2764(optional,)s 3664(we)s 4008(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +4519(one)s 4930(for)s 5277(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k +5862(concei)s 6(v)k 6(able)k 7057(type)s 7534(of)s +7814(attrib)s 4(ute,)k 8722(and)s 0 12917(simply)m 702(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +1252(out)s 1614(those)s 2172(that)s 2586(do)s 2876(not)s +3238(apply)s 3821(in)s 4060(an)s 3(y)k 4454(particular)s +5424(reference.)s 6472(W)s 19(e)k 6837(can)s 7223(print)s +7730(a)s 7893(reference)s 8832(by)s 0 12629(using)m 572(the)s +220 fnt2 920 12626(@Open)m 240 fnt1 1726 12629(symbol)m 2486(to)s +2725(get)s 3077(at)s 3309(its)s 3585(attrib)s 4(utes:)k +220 fnt2 480 12128(@Ref)m 6(erence&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open)k 480 11840({ @A)m 6(uthor)k 11(, {Slope @F)k 6(ont @Title}.)k 13( @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 11(, @Y)k 30(ear)k 11(.)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 11344(The)m 428(right)s 939(parameter)s 1953(of)s 220 fnt2 2224 11341(@Open)m 240 fnt1 3030 11344(may)m 3496(use)s 3871(the)s 4219(e)s 3(xported)k 5111(parameters)s 6209(of)s @@ -19978,6 +20916,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -20009,29 +20949,36 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt6 1417 -1580(4.5.)m -1871(Biblio)s 2(gr)k 3(aphies)k 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(99)m -gsave +240 fnt6 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.5.)m 1871(Biblio)s 2(gr)k 3(aphies)k +240 fnt5 10249 -1583(99)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13205(W)m 19(e)k 858(can)s 1256(consult)s -2017(the)s 220 fnt2 2374 13202(@T)m 26(ype)k 240 fnt1 -3121 13205(attrib)m 4(ute)k 3977(of)s 4258(a)s 4433(reference)s -5386(to)s 5634(\207nd)s 6075(out)s 6450(its)s 6736(style,)s -7303(which)s 7955(brings)s 8613(us)s 8887(to)s 0 12917(the)m -348(follo)s 6(wing)k 1325(de\207nition)s 2299(for)s 2637(printing)s -3447(out)s 3813(a)s 3979(reference)s 4922(in)s 5165(the)s -5513(style)s 6020(appropriate)s 7164(to)s 7403(it:)s 220 fnt2 -480 12416(def @RefPr)m -3(int)k 480 12128( r)m -3(ight reftag)k 480 11840({ @RefStyle&&{ @Ref)m 6(erence&&reftag @Open { @T)k 26(ype } })k -480 11552( @Open { @Style reftag })m 480 11264(})m 240 fnt1 0 10770(F)m 3(or)k -389(e)s 3(xample,)k 1303(to)s 1542(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k -220 fnt2 2382 10767(@RefPr)m -3(int str)k -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 -4992 10770(,)m 5099(Lout)s 5611(\207rst)s 6042(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k +480 13205(W)m 19(e)k +858(can)s 1256(consult)s 2017(the)s 220 fnt2 2374 13202(@T)m 26(ype)k +240 fnt1 3121 13205(attrib)m 4(ute)k 3977(of)s 4258(a)s +4433(reference)s 5386(to)s 5634(\207nd)s 6075(out)s 6450(its)s +6736(style,)s 7303(which)s 7955(brings)s 8613(us)s 8887(to)s +0 12917(the)m 348(follo)s 6(wing)k 1325(de\207nition)s 2299(for)s +2637(printing)s 3447(out)s 3813(a)s 3979(reference)s 4922(in)s +5165(the)s 5513(style)s 6020(appropriate)s 7164(to)s 7403(it:)s +220 fnt2 480 12416(def @RefPr)m -3(int)k 480 12128( r)m -3(ight reftag)k +480 11840({ @RefStyle&&{ @Ref)m 6(erence&&reftag @Open { @T)k 26(ype } })k 480 11552( @Open { @Style reftag })m 480 11264(})m +240 fnt1 0 10770(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k +1303(to)s 1542(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k 220 fnt2 +2382 10767(@RefPr)m -3(int str)k -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 4992 10770(,)m +5099(Lout)s 5611(\207rst)s 6042(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 220 fnt2 480 10269(@Ref)m 6(erence&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open { @T)k 26(ype })k 240 fnt1 0 9771(whose)m 668(result)s 1258(is)s 220 fnt2 1468 9768(Book)m 240 fnt1 1968 9771(,)m 2075(and)s 2479(then)s @@ -20055,7 +21002,7 @@ grestore 7285(a)s 7463(numbered)s 8491(list)s 8855(of)s 0 7265(places)m 648(that)s 1066(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1790(containing)s 2853(references)s 3884(may)s 4350(attach)s 4977(to:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4580_exa_bibl_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_bibl_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 6764(def @Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 480 6476( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 6188( named @Title { Ref)m 6(erences })k 480 5900( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 5612( named style r)m -3(ight tag { tag.)k 13( })k 480 5324( named headstyle r)m -3(ight @Title { @Heading @Title })k @@ -20081,6 +21028,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -20112,13 +21061,19 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(100)m -240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 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4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x &)k +480 6854( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x &)k 480 6566( @RefPr)m -3(int x)k 480 6278( })m 480 5702( @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag } sendref x)k 480 5414(})m 240 fnt1 0 4920(Gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k 633(this)s 1029(de\207nition,)s 2053(the)s 2401(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k @@ -20182,7 +21137,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3926 1109(,)m 4033(as)s 4283(desired.)s 480 735(No)m 6(w)k 220 fnt2 1044 732(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding)k 240 fnt1 4082 735(is)m 4342(the)s 4741(nearest)s 5527(preceding)s 6573(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k -7677(of)s 220 fnt2 7999 732(@Number)m 9002(-)s 0 444(Mar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k +7677(of)s 220 fnt2 7999 732(@Number-)m 0 444(Mar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 775 447(in)m 1051(the)s 1432(\207nal)s 1946(document.)s 3087(This)s 3596(must)s 4155(be)s 4470(the)s 4851(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5939(of)s 220 fnt2 6243 444(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k @@ -20207,6 +21162,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage 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60 1063 9281 LoutGr2 +240 fnt1 +0 11711(The)m 430(follo)s 6(wing)k 1409(notes)s 1967(detail)s +2554(ho)s 6(w)k 3018(PostScript)s 4062(patterns)s 4871(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +5374(been)s 5885(used)s 6385(to)s 6626(produce)s 7455(te)s 3(xtures.)k +8374(See)s 8778(the)s 0 11423(PostScript)m 1042(Language)s 2042(Reference)s +3066(Manual,)s 3904(second)s 4627(edition)s 5348(\(PLRM\),)s 6265(especially)s +7274(Section)s 8048(4.9.)s 480 11049(PostScript)m 1525(patterns)s 2336(are)s +2686(implemented)s 3996(as)s 4250(color)s 4804(spaces,)s 5539(whereas)s +6376(from)s 6904(a)s 7074(logical)s 7782(point)s 8338(of)s +8613(vie)s 6(w)k 0 10761(the)m 3(y)k 462(are)s +807(really)s 1402(separate)s 2239(entities)s 2977(in)s 3218(the)s +3564(graphics)s 4424(state,)s 4966(independent)s 6194(of)s 6463(color)s +7013(\(e)s 3(xcept)k 7771(that)s 8187(a)s 8351(colored)s +0 10473(te)m 3(xture)k 716(o)s 3(v)k 3(errides)k +1650(an)s 3(y)k 2047(current)s 2783(color)s 3334(while)s +3921(it)s 4113(is)s 4323(in)s 4566(ef)s 6(fect\).)k +5345(T)s 19(o)k 5645(ensure)s 6325(that)s 6743(Lout')s 13(s)k +220 fnt2 7405 10470(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 +8722 10473(and)m 220 fnt2 0 10182(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 1260 10185(symbols)m +2112(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2616(this)s 3015(desired)s +3766(independence)s 5141(of)s 5415(each)s 5913(other)s 9(,)k +6505(the)s 6856(follo)s 6(wing)k 7836(operators)s 8779(are)s +0 9897(de\207ned)m 763(in)s 1006(the)s 1354(Lout)s 1866(prologue:)s +5090 12 0 12 240 288 60 1063 9281 LoutGr2 LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore -240 fnt8 2550 9385(Lout-de\207ned)m 3826(oper)s 3(ator)k -gsave +240 fnt8 2550 9385(Lout-de\207ned)m 3826(oper)s 3(ator)k gsave 6153 9281 translate -240 fnt1 1850 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 +1850 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore -6297(What)s 6866(it)s 7062(r)s 8(eplaces)k -220 fnt2 2623 9092(n)m 2(um)k 3322(LoutSetGr)s 2(a)k 6(y)k +6297(What)s 6866(it)s 7062(r)s 8(eplaces)k 220 fnt2 +2623 9092(n)m 2(um)k 3322(LoutSetGr)s 2(a)k 6(y)k 5522(-)s 240 fnt1 6297 9095(setgray)m 220 fnt2 1679 8804(n)m 2(um)k 2151(n)s 2(um)k 2623(n)s 2(um)k 3322(LoutSetRGBColor)s 5522(-)s 240 fnt1 6297 8807(setr)m 4(gbcolor)k 220 fnt2 @@ -20902,13 +21903,13 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3059 3907(The)m 3487(CMYK)s 4266(colorspace)s 220 fnt2 1104 3560([ /P)m 8(atter)k -5(n ])k 240 fnt1 3059 3563(A)m 3289(colored)s 4064(pattern)s 220 fnt2 1104 3216([ /P)m 8(atter)k -5(n /name ])k -240 fnt1 3059 3219(An)m 3497(uncolored)s 4600(pattern;)s 220 fnt2 -5463 3216(/name)m 240 fnt1 6214 3219(may)m 6768(be)s 220 fnt2 -7138 3216(/De)m 6(viceGr)k 2(a)k 6(y)k 240 fnt1 -8329 3219(,)m 220 fnt2 8525 3216(/De)m 8858(-)s 3059 2928(viceRGB)m -240 fnt1 3916 2931(,)m 4023(or)s 220 fnt2 4282 2928(/De)m 6(viceCMYK)k +240 fnt1 3059 3219(An)m 3496(uncolored)s 4598(pattern;)s 220 fnt2 +5460 3216(/name)m 240 fnt1 6209 3219(may)m 6762(be)s 220 fnt2 +7131 3216(/De)m 6(viceGr)k 2(a)k 6(y)k 240 fnt1 +8322 3219(,)m 220 fnt2 8517 3216(/De-)m 3059 2928(viceRGB)m 240 fnt1 +3916 2931(,)m 4023(or)s 220 fnt2 4282 2928(/De)m 6(viceCMYK)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 2447(\213)m 480(A)s 708(color)s 9(,)k 1294(denoted)s 2107(c,)s 2318(is)s 2525(an)s 2805(array)s 3346(containing)s 4407(a)s 4570(PostScript)s 5609(non-pattern)s 6765(color)s @@ -20928,15 +21929,20 @@ grestore 1633(be)s 1915(unpack)s 2(ed)k 2889(with)s 220 fnt2 3371 149(aload)m 240 fnt1 3955 152(before)m 4621(calling)s 220 fnt2 5324 149(setcolor)m 240 fnt1 6092 152(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_2 /DEST pdfmark grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -14865 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -14865 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -192 fnt5 5808 -15421(105)m +192 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5808 -15421(105)m +grestore grestore @@ -20977,19 +21983,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(106)m -240 fnt6 6599 -1580(Appendix)m 7563(A.)s 7863(Implementation)s 9418(of)s -9699(T)s 22(e)k 4(xtur)k 8(es)k gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(106)m 240 fnt6 6599 -1580(Appendix)m 7563(A.)s +7863(Implementation)s 9418(of)s 9699(T)s 22(e)k 4(xtur)k 8(es)k +gsave 1417 -15423 translate -240 fnt1 -9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13205(\213)m 480(A)s 744(pattern,)s 1549(denoted)s 220 fnt2 -2400 13202(p)m 240 fnt1 2514 13205(.)m 2712(F)s 3(or)k +0 13205(\213)m 480(A)s 744(pattern,)s 1549(denoted)s +220 fnt2 2400 13202(p)m 240 fnt1 2514 13205(.)m 2712(F)s 3(or)k 3136(us,)s 3491(a)s 3691(pattern)s 4446(is)s 4691(either)s 5328(the)s 5711(PostScript)s 6788(null)s 7249(object,)s 7975(meaning)s 8887(to)s 480 12917(\207ll)m 824(with)s 1331(solid)s 1879(color)s 9(,)k @@ -21016,7 +22028,7 @@ grestore 8566(share)s 480 10439(pattern)m 1200(dictionaries)s 2365(among)s 3070(graphics)s 3931(states.)s 4625(W)s 19(e)k 4994(must)s 5519(cop)s 2(y)k 6037(them.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 9936(This)m 476(representation)s 1886(obe)s 3(ys)k 2493(the)s 2841(follo)s 6(wing)k 3818(in)s 9(v)k 6(ariant:)k 0 9433(\213)m 480(All)s 853(components)s 2075(of)s 2360(the)s @@ -21027,7 +22039,7 @@ grestore 3096(situation)s 3976(where)s 4616(we)s 4951(set)s 5276(color)s 5827(space)s 6414(b)s 4(ut)k 6776(not)s 7142(color\).)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 8642(\213)m 480(If)s 709(the)s 1056(PostScript)s 2097(graphics)s 2956(state)s 3448(contains)s 4295(a)s 220 fnt2 4460 8639(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 5269 8642(colorspace,)m 6397(the)s 6744(pattern)s 7463(dictionary)s @@ -21037,22 +22049,22 @@ grestore 7027(of)s 7298(types)s 220 fnt2 7854 8351(cs)m 240 fnt1 8127 8354(and)m 220 fnt2 8531 8351(c)m 240 fnt1 8636 8354(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_5 /DEST pdfmark -0 7851(\213)m 480(If)s 733(the)s 1105(graphics)s 1990(state)s -2507(contains)s 3379(an)s 3685(uncolored)s 220 fnt2 4724 7848(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k -240 fnt1 5559 7851(colorspace,)m 6712(then)s 7205(the)s 220 fnt2 -7577 7848(/Under)m -3(lyingCol)k 9002(-)s 480 7560(orSpace)m 240 fnt1 -1338 7563(and)m 220 fnt2 1730 7560(/Under)m -3(lyingColor)k 240 fnt1 -3413 7563(entries)m 4088(of)s 4347(the)s 4684(pattern)s 5392(dictionary)s -6404(stored)s 7034(in)s 7265(the)s 7602(state)s 8083(agree)s -8644(with)s 480 7275(the)m 828(underlying)s 1918(color)s 2469(space)s -3056(and)s 3460(color)s 4011(stored)s 4653(in)s 4896(the)s -5244(graphics)s 6105(state.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_6 /DEST pdfmark -0 6772(And)m 471(it)s 663(has)s -1033(the)s 1381(follo)s 6(wing)k 2358(abstraction)s 3463(function:)s -0 6269(\213)m 480(If)s 725(the)s 1089(graphics)s 1965(state)s -2474(colorspace)s 3568(is)s 220 fnt2 3793 6266(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_5 /DEST pdfmark +0 7851(\213)m 480(If)s 732(the)s 1103(graphics)s 1986(state)s +2502(contains)s 3372(an)s 3678(uncolored)s 220 fnt2 4715 7848(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k +240 fnt1 5549 7851(colorspace,)m 6700(then)s 7192(the)s 220 fnt2 +7563 7848(/Under)m -3(lyingCol-)k 480 7560(orSpace)m 240 fnt1 1338 7563(and)m +220 fnt2 1730 7560(/Under)m -3(lyingColor)k 240 fnt1 3413 7563(entries)m +4088(of)s 4347(the)s 4684(pattern)s 5392(dictionary)s 6404(stored)s +7034(in)s 7265(the)s 7602(state)s 8083(agree)s 8644(with)s +480 7275(the)m 828(underlying)s 1918(color)s 2469(space)s 3056(and)s +3460(color)s 4011(stored)s 4653(in)s 4896(the)s 5244(graphics)s +6105(state.)s +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_6 /DEST pdfmark +0 6772(And)m 471(it)s 663(has)s 1033(the)s +1381(follo)s 6(wing)k 2358(abstraction)s 3463(function:)s 0 6269(\213)m +480(If)s 725(the)s 1089(graphics)s 1965(state)s 2474(colorspace)s +3568(is)s 220 fnt2 3793 6266(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 4544 6269(,)m 4667(then)s 5152(the)s 5515(abstract)s 6333(current)s 7085(te)s 3(xture)k 7816(is)s 8042(the)s 8406(pattern)s 480 5981(dictionary)m 1500(stored)s 2138(in)s 2378(the)s @@ -21062,7 +22074,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 9019 5981(,)m 480 5693(then)m 949(the)s 1297(abstract)s 2099(current)s 2835(te)s 3(xture)k 3551(is)s 220 fnt2 3761 5690(n)m 2(ull)k 240 fnt1 4085 5693(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_7 /DEST pdfmark 0 5236(\213)m 480(If)s 725(the)s 1089(graphics)s 1966(state)s 2475(colorspace)s 3568(is)s 220 fnt2 3794 5233(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k @@ -21079,14 +22091,14 @@ grestore 2294(and)s 2698(color)s 3249(are)s 3596(as)s 3846(returned)s 4700(by)s 220 fnt2 4994 4369(currentcolorspace)m 240 fnt1 6790 4372(and)m 220 fnt2 7194 4369([ currentcolor ])m 240 fnt1 8583 4372(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 3869(The)m 428(follo)s 6(wing)k 1405(functions)s 2346(are)s 2693(pri)s 6(v)k 6(ate)k 3400(helpers)s 4141(for)s 4479(the)s 4827(public)s 5478(functions:)s 220 fnt9 480 3392(% Current pattern \(may be null\): - LoutCurrentP p)m 480 3144(/LoutCurrentP)m 480 2896({ %% -)m 480 2648( currentcolorspace %% [ /name etc ])m 480 2400( 0 get /Pattern eq %% bool)m 480 2152( { %% - \(have pattern\))m 480 1904( [ currentcolor ] %% [ comp0 ... compn p ])m 480 1656( dup length 1 sub get %% p)m 480 1408( })m 480 1160( { %% - \(no pattern\))m 480 912( null %% null)m 480 664( } ifelse %% p)m 480 416(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_9 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -21103,6 +22115,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -21134,42 +22148,49 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 10128 -1581(107)m -gsave +240 fnt5 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 10128 -1581(107)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13414 0 13323 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt9 480 13277(% Current color and color space: - LoutCurrentCCS c cs)m 480 13029(/LoutCurrentCCS)m 480 12781({)m -480 12533( LoutCurrentP dup null eq %% p bool)m 480 12285( { %% null)m 480 12037( pop [ currentcolor ] %% c)m 480 11789( currentcolorspace %% c cs)m 480 11541( })m -480 11293( { %% p)m 480 11045( dup %% p p)m 480 10797( /UnderlyingColor get exch %% c p)m 480 10549( /UnderlyingColorSpace get %% c cs)m 480 10301( } ifelse %% c cs)m -480 10053(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_10 /DEST pdfmark -480 9604(% Make c, cs, and p current: c cs p LoutSetCCSP -)m 480 9356(/LoutSetCCSP)m 480 9108({ %% c cs p)m 480 8860( dup null eq %% c cs p bool)m -480 8612( { %% c cs p \(null pattern\))m 480 8364( pop setcolorspace %% c)m 480 8116( aload pop setcolor %% -)m 480 7868( })m 480 7620( { %% c cs p \(non-null pattern\))m -480 7372( % copy pattern dictionary)m 480 7124( 12 dict copy %% c cs p)m 480 6628( % record cs and c in p)m 480 6380( dup /UnderlyingColorSpace %% c cs p p /UCS)m 480 6132( 3 index put %% c cs p)m -480 5884( dup /UnderlyingColor %% c cs p p /UC)m 480 5636( 4 index put %% c cs p)m 480 5140( % do setcolorspace and setcolor)m 480 4892( dup /PaintType get 1 eq %% c cs p bool)m 480 4644( { %% c cs p \(colored pattern\))m -480 4396( [/Pattern] setcolorspace %% c cs p)m 480 4148( setcolor %% c cs)m 480 3900( pop pop %% -)m 480 3652( })m 480 3404( { %% c cs p \(uncolored pattern\))m -480 3156( [ /Pattern %% c cs p [ /Pattern)m 480 2908( 4 -1 roll %% c p [ /Pattern cs)m 480 2660( ] setcolorspace %% c p)m 480 2412( exch aload length 1 add %% p comp1 ... compm m+1)m 480 2164( -1 roll %% comp1 ... compm p)m -480 1916( setcolor %% -)m 480 1668( } ifelse %% -)m 480 1420( } ifelse %% -)m 480 1172(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1692_tex_11 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 -0 697(W)m 9(ith)k 536(the)s 894(helper)s 1561(functions)s -2513(it')s 13(s)k 2865(no)s 6(w)k 3336(easy)s -3825(to)s 4075(deri)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4729(the)s -5087(colour)s 5768(and)s 6183(te)s 3(xture)k 6909(setting)s -7609(commands)s 8708(that)s 0 409(we)m 346(are)s 705(of)s 6(fering)k -1533(to)s 1784(our)s 2175(end)s 2591(users.)s 3197(When)s -3838(setting)s 4540(the)s 4900(color)s 5463(we)s 5810(pass)s -6284(it,)s 6535(plus)s 6997(the)s 7357(current)s 8105(pattern,)s -8887(to)s 220 fnt2 0 118(LoutSetCCSP)m 240 fnt1 1355 121(;)m -1459(when)s 2027(setting)s 2709(the)s 3049(pattern)s 3761(we)s -4088(pass)s 4542(it,)s 4773(plus)s 5215(the)s 5555(current)s -6283(color)s 9(,)k 6864(to)s 220 fnt2 7095 118(LoutSetCCSP)m -240 fnt1 8450 121(.)m 8605(Note)s +220 fnt9 480 13277(% Current color and color space: - LoutCurrentCCS c cs)m +480 13029(/LoutCurrentCCS)m 480 12781({)m 480 12533( LoutCurrentP dup null eq %% p bool)m 480 12285( { %% null)m 480 12037( pop [ currentcolor ] %% c)m +480 11789( currentcolorspace %% c cs)m 480 11541( })m 480 11293( { %% p)m 480 11045( dup %% p p)m 480 10797( /UnderlyingColor get exch %% c p)m +480 10549( /UnderlyingColorSpace get %% c cs)m 480 10301( } ifelse %% c cs)m 480 10053(} def)m +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_10 /DEST pdfmark +480 9604(% Make c, cs, and p current: c cs p LoutSetCCSP -)m 480 9356(/LoutSetCCSP)m +480 9108({ %% c cs p)m 480 8860( dup null eq %% c cs p bool)m 480 8612( { %% c cs p \(null pattern\))m 480 8364( pop setcolorspace %% c)m 480 8116( aload pop setcolor %% -)m +480 7868( })m 480 7620( { %% c cs p \(non-null pattern\))m 480 7372( % copy pattern dictionary)m 480 7124( 12 dict copy %% c cs p)m 480 6628( % record cs and c in p)m +480 6380( dup /UnderlyingColorSpace %% c cs p p /UCS)m 480 6132( 3 index put %% c cs p)m 480 5884( dup /UnderlyingColor %% c cs p p /UC)m 480 5636( 4 index put %% c cs p)m 480 5140( % do setcolorspace and setcolor)m +480 4892( dup /PaintType get 1 eq %% c cs p bool)m 480 4644( { %% c cs p \(colored pattern\))m 480 4396( [/Pattern] setcolorspace %% c cs p)m 480 4148( setcolor %% c cs)m 480 3900( pop pop %% -)m +480 3652( })m 480 3404( { %% c cs p \(uncolored pattern\))m 480 3156( [ /Pattern %% c cs p [ /Pattern)m 480 2908( 4 -1 roll %% c p [ /Pattern cs)m 480 2660( ] setcolorspace %% c p)m +480 2412( exch aload length 1 add %% p comp1 ... compm m+1)m 480 2164( -1 roll %% comp1 ... compm p)m 480 1916( setcolor %% -)m 480 1668( } ifelse %% -)m 480 1420( } ifelse %% -)m +480 1172(} def)m +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_11 /DEST pdfmark +240 fnt1 0 697(W)m 9(ith)k 536(the)s +894(helper)s 1561(functions)s 2513(it')s 13(s)k 2865(no)s 6(w)k +3336(easy)s 3825(to)s 4075(deri)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +4729(the)s 5087(colour)s 5768(and)s 6183(te)s 3(xture)k +6909(setting)s 7609(commands)s 8708(that)s 0 409(we)m 346(are)s +705(of)s 6(fering)k 1533(to)s 1784(our)s 2175(end)s +2591(users.)s 3197(When)s 3838(setting)s 4540(the)s 4900(color)s +5463(we)s 5810(pass)s 6284(it,)s 6535(plus)s 6997(the)s +7357(current)s 8105(pattern,)s 8887(to)s 220 fnt2 0 118(LoutSetCCSP)m +240 fnt1 1355 121(;)m 1459(when)s 2027(setting)s 2709(the)s +3049(pattern)s 3761(we)s 4088(pass)s 4542(it,)s 4773(plus)s +5215(the)s 5555(current)s 6283(color)s 9(,)k 6864(to)s +220 fnt2 7095 118(LoutSetCCSP)m 240 fnt1 8450 121(.)m 8605(Note)s + grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -21184,6 +22205,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -21219,57 +22242,63 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -240 fnt5 1417 -1583(108)m -240 fnt6 6599 -1580(Appendix)m 7563(A.)s 7863(Implementation)s 9418(of)s -9699(T)s 22(e)k 4(xtur)k 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[0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4580_pre_yuni_2 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1616 1154 1844 1317] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_yuni_2 /ANN pdfmark 1616(47)s grestore gsave @@ -22585,6 +23681,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage diff --git a/doc/expert/pre_font b/doc/expert/pre_font index b08fa86..704e497 100644 --- a/doc/expert/pre_font +++ b/doc/expert/pre_font @@ -134,8 +134,11 @@ example, right now @@CurrFamily is @CurrFamily and @@CurrFace is @CurrFace. @PP To inform Lout that certain fonts exist, it is necessary to create a -database of @Code "@FontDef" symbols. A typical entry in such a -database looks like this: +database of @Code "@FontDef" symbols. (It is possible to have a +@Code "@FontDef" symbol in an ordinary source file; it enters the +cross-reference database in the usual way and is retrieved from there +by the font machinery, but only from the second run, which is not +convenient.) A typical entry in such a database looks like this: @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { { @FontDef @Tag { Times-Base } diff --git a/doc/expert/preface b/doc/expert/preface index 2943299..092f9a8 100644 --- a/doc/expert/preface +++ b/doc/expert/preface @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ This manual presents Version 3 of Basser Lout, publicly released in September 1994 @Cite { $kingston1995lout.program } and developed continuously since then. This manual was rendered into PostScript postscript @Index { PostScript } -by Version 3.36 of the Basser Lout interpreter, using the symbols +by Version 3.37 of the Basser Lout interpreter, using the symbols described in the User's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.user }. @DP @Heading { Acknowledgment. } Version 3 has benefited from hundreds of diff --git a/doc/slides/README b/doc/slides/README index 4d09ea3..ee559ca 100644 --- a/doc/slides/README +++ b/doc/slides/README @@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ be no error messages at all after the second run. A copy of the final outfile.ps is included. Jeff Kingston -27 July 2007 +19 September 2008 diff --git a/doc/slides/outfile.ps b/doc/slides/outfile.ps index 87948ba..7dadd44 100644 --- a/doc/slides/outfile.ps +++ b/doc/slides/outfile.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.36 (July 2007) -%%CreationDate: Fri Jul 27 08:31:29 2007 +%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.37 (September 2008) +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 19 08:43:56 2008 %%DocumentData: Binary %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) @@ -1401,6 +1401,86 @@ errordict begin } def end +/lgraphdebugposy 432 def +/lgraphdebugposx 72 def + +% - lgraphdebugnextline - +/lgraphdebugnextline +{ + lgraphdebugposy 72 lt + { /lgraphdebugposx lgraphdebugposx 144 add store + /lgraphdebugposy 432 store + } + { + /lgraphdebugposy lgraphdebugposy 12 sub store + } ifelse + lgraphdebugposx lgraphdebugposy moveto +} def + +% - lgraphdebugbeginindent - +/lgraphdebugbeginindent +{ + /lgraphdebugposx lgraphdebugposx 12 add store +} def + +% - lgraphdebugendindent - +/lgraphdebugendindent +{ + /lgraphdebugposx lgraphdebugposx 12 sub store +} def + +% <string> <int> lgraphdebugprint - +% must be defined outside lgraphdict since used in arbitrary places +% print <string> plus count or <int> stack entries, whichever is the smaller +/lgraphdebugprint +{ + exch + gsave + initgraphics + lgraphdebugnextline + /Times-Roman findfont 10 scalefont setfont + 0 setgray show + lgraphdebugbeginindent + count 1 sub 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 1 sub + 0 exch 1 exch + { + lgraphdebugnextline + index + dup type (dicttype) eq + { + (begin dict) show + lgraphdebugbeginindent + { + lgraphdebugnextline + pop 100 string cvs show + } forall + lgraphdebugendindent + lgraphdebugnextline + (end dict) show + } + { + dup type (arraytype) eq + { + (begin array) show + lgraphdebugbeginindent + { + lgraphdebugnextline + 100 string cvs show + } forall + lgraphdebugendindent + lgraphdebugnextline + (end array) show + } + { + 100 string cvs show + } ifelse + } ifelse + } for + lgraphdebugendindent + grestore +} def + + /lgraphdict 200 dict def lgraphdict begin @@ -1695,104 +1775,188 @@ lgraphdict begin } def -% cross: show a small cross -/cross -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint moveto - symbolsize neg symbolsize neg rmoveto - symbolsize 2 mul symbolsize 2 mul rlineto - 0 symbolsize -2 mul rmoveto - symbolsize -2 mul symbolsize 2 mul rlineto - [] 0 setdash stroke +% docross: show a cross with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> docross - +/docross +{ + setlinewidth + /ss exch def + newpath + moveto + ss neg ss neg rmoveto + ss 2 mul ss 2 mul rlineto + 0 ss -2 mul rmoveto + ss -2 mul ss 2 mul rlineto + [] 0 setdash 0 setlinecap stroke +} def + +% cross: show a cross +% - cross - +/cross { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth docross } def + +% doplus: show a plus with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> doplus - +/doplus +{ + setlinewidth + /ss exch def + newpath + moveto + ss neg 0 rmoveto + ss 2 mul 0 rlineto + ss neg ss neg rmoveto + 0 ss 2 mul rlineto + [] 0 setdash 0 setlinecap stroke +} def + +% plus: show a plus +% - plus - +/plus { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth doplus } def + +% dosquare: show an open square with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% NB symbolsize is reduced by half the line width to get size exactly right +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dosquare - +/dosquare +{ + dup setlinewidth + 0.5 mul sub 0 max /ss exch def + newpath + moveto + ss neg ss neg rmoveto + ss 2 mul 0 rlineto + 0 ss 2 mul rlineto + ss -2 mul 0 rlineto + closepath [] 0 setdash stroke } def -% plus: show a small plus -/plus -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint moveto - symbolsize neg 0 rmoveto - symbolsize 2 mul 0 rlineto - symbolsize neg symbolsize neg rmoveto - 0 symbolsize 2 mul rlineto - [] 0 setdash stroke -} def +% square: show an open square +% - square - +/square { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dosquare } def -% square: show a small square -/square -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint moveto - symbolsize neg symbolsize neg rmoveto - symbolsize 2 mul 0 rlineto - 0 symbolsize 2 mul rlineto - symbolsize -2 mul 0 rlineto +% dofilledsquare: show filled square with given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% NB symbollinewidth is not used +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dofilledsquare - +/dofilledsquare +{ + pop /ss exch def + newpath + moveto + ss neg ss neg rmoveto + ss 2 mul 0 rlineto + 0 ss 2 mul rlineto + ss -2 mul 0 rlineto + closepath fill +} def + +% filledsquare: show a filled square +% - filledsquare - +/filledsquare { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dofilledsquare } def + +% dodiamond: show an open diamond with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% NB symbolsize is reduced by half the line width to get size exactly right +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dodiamond - +/dodiamond +{ + dup setlinewidth + 0.5 mul sub 0 max /ss exch def + newpath + moveto + ss neg 0 rmoveto + ss ss neg rlineto + ss ss rlineto + ss neg ss rlineto closepath [] 0 setdash stroke } def -% filledsquare: show a small filled square -/filledsquare -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint moveto - symbolsize neg symbolsize neg rmoveto - symbolsize 2 mul 0 rlineto - 0 symbolsize 2 mul rlineto - symbolsize -2 mul 0 rlineto - closepath gsave [] 0 setdash stroke grestore fill -} def +% diamond: show an open diamond +% - diamond - +/diamond { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dodiamond } def -% diamond: show a small diamond -/diamond -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint moveto - symbolsize neg 0 rmoveto - symbolsize symbolsize neg rlineto - symbolsize symbolsize rlineto - symbolsize neg symbolsize rlineto - closepath [] 0 setdash stroke +% dofilleddiamond: show filled diamond with given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% NB symbollinewidth is not used +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dofilleddiamond - +/dofilleddiamond +{ + pop /ss exch def + newpath + moveto + ss neg 0 rmoveto + ss ss neg rlineto + ss ss rlineto + ss neg ss rlineto + closepath fill +} def + +% filleddiamond: show a filled diamond +% - filleddiamond - +/filleddiamond { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dofilleddiamond } def + +% docircle: show an open circle with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% NB symbolsize is reduced by half the line width to get size exactly right +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> docircle - +/docircle +{ + dup setlinewidth + 0.5 mul sub 0 max /ss exch def + newpath + ss 0 360 arc [] 0 setdash stroke } def -% filleddiamond: show a small filled diamond -/filleddiamond -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint moveto - symbolsize neg 0 rmoveto - symbolsize symbolsize neg rlineto - symbolsize symbolsize rlineto - symbolsize neg symbolsize rlineto - closepath gsave [] 0 setdash stroke grestore fill -} def +% circle: show an open circle +% - circle - +/circle { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth docircle } def -% circle: show a small circle -/circle -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize 0 360 arc [] 0 setdash stroke +% dofilledcircle: show filled circle with given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% NB symbollinewidth is not used +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dofilledcircle - +/dofilledcircle +{ + pop /ss exch def + newpath + ss 0 360 arc fill } def -% filledcircle: show a small filled circle -/filledcircle -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize 0 360 arc gsave [] 0 setdash stroke grestore fill -} def +% filledcircle: show a filled circle +% - filledcircle - +/filledcircle { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dofilledcircle } def -% triangle: show a small triangle -/triangle -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint moveto - 0 symbolsize 1.5 mul rmoveto - symbolsize neg symbolsize -2.5 mul rlineto - symbolsize 2 mul 0 rlineto +% dotriangle: show an open triangle with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% NB symbolsize is reduced by half the line width to get size exactly right +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dotriangle - +/dotriangle +{ + dup setlinewidth + 0.5 mul sub 0 max /ss exch def + newpath + moveto + 0 ss 1.5 mul rmoveto + ss neg ss -2.5 mul rlineto + ss 2 mul 0 rlineto closepath [] 0 setdash stroke } def -% filledtriangle: show a small filled triangle -/filledtriangle -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint moveto - 0 symbolsize 1.5 mul rmoveto - symbolsize neg symbolsize -2.5 mul rlineto - symbolsize 2 mul 0 rlineto - closepath gsave [] 0 setdash stroke grestore fill +% triangle: show an open triangle +% - triangle - +/triangle { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dotriangle } def + +% dofilledtriangle: show filled triangle with symbolsize and symbollinewidth +% NB symbollinewidth is not used +% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dofilledtriangle - +/dofilledtriangle +{ + pop /ss exch def + newpath + moveto + 0 ss 1.5 mul rmoveto + ss neg ss -2.5 mul rlineto + ss 2 mul 0 rlineto + closepath fill } def +% filledtriangle: show a filled triangle +% - filledtriangle - +/filledtriangle { symbolsize symbollinewidth dofilledtriangle } def + %plog: like log only with a base, and protected from failing if <= 0 % base x plog res @@ -2508,27 +2672,36 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 0 0 0 400 480 100 1417 -1417 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -1417 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10419(1)s gsave +160 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10419(1)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate -400 fnt1 9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -600 fnt2 691 10903(A)m 1250(Pr)s 6(actical)k -3667(Introduction)s 6922(to)s 7566(the)s 3956 9463(Lout)m 616 8023(Document)m -3500(F)s 18(or)k -15(matting)k 6490(System)s 400 fnt2 -2882 6161(Jeffre)m 8(y)k 4180(H.)s 4656(Kingston)s 400 fnt3 -1395 5059(Basser)m 2794(Dept.)s 3834(of)s 4333(Computer)s 6242(Science)s -2251 4579(The)m 3058(Univ)s 10(ersity)k 4951(of)s 5450(Sydne)s 8(y)k - +600 fnt2 691 10903(A)m 1250(Pr)s 6(actical)k 3667(Introduction)s +6922(to)s 7566(the)s 3956 9463(Lout)m 616 8023(Document)m 3500(F)s 18(or)k -15(matting)k +6490(System)s 400 fnt2 2882 6161(Jeffre)m 8(y)k 4180(H.)s +4656(Kingston)s 400 fnt3 1395 5059(Basser)m 2794(Dept.)s 3834(of)s +4333(Computer)s 6242(Science)s 2251 4579(The)m 3058(Univ)s 10(ersity)k +4951(of)s 5450(Sydne)s 8(y)k grestore gsave 1417 -14005 translate @@ -2543,6 +2716,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2570,27 +2745,34 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10407(2)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10407(2)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 2988 11377(A)m 3363(simple)s -4565(input)s 5575(\207le)s -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_1 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9646(@SysInclude { doc })m 800 9166(@Doc @T)m 43(e)k 10(xt @Begin)k -800 8686(Hello)m 14(, w)k 3(or)k -5(ld)k 800 8206(@End @T)m 43(e)k 10(xt)k -400 fnt4 0 6381(Ho)m 4(w)k 889(to)s 1313(f)s 10(ormat)k -2579(it)s 360 fnt2 800 5635(lout \207lename > out.ps)m 800 5155(ghostvie)m 7(w out.ps)k -800 4675(mpr out.ps)m +400 fnt4 +2988 11377(A)m 3363(simple)s 4565(input)s 5575(\207le)s +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_1 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 +800 9646(@SysInclude { doc })m 800 9166(@Doc @T)m 43(e)k 10(xt @Begin)k 800 8686(Hello)m 14(, w)k 3(or)k -5(ld)k +800 8206(@End @T)m 43(e)k 10(xt)k 400 fnt4 0 6381(Ho)m 4(w)k +889(to)s 1313(f)s 10(ormat)k 2579(it)s 360 fnt2 +800 5635(lout \207lename > out.ps)m 800 5155(ghostvie)m 7(w out.ps)k 800 4675(mpr out.ps)m grestore gsave 1417 -14005 translate -400 fnt1 0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -2601,6 +2783,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2620,22 +2804,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10414(3)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10414(3)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_2 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8457 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -1440 8367(Hello,)m 2505(w)s 4(orld)k - +1440 8367(Hello,)m +2505(w)s 4(orld)k grestore grestore @@ -2652,6 +2842,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2679,23 +2871,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10407(4)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10407(4)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 2339 11377(Headings)m 4026(and)s -4762(paragraphs)s -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_3 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9646(@SysInclude { doc })m 800 9166(@Doc @T)m 43(e)k 10(xt @Begin)k -800 8686(@Heading { Introduction })m 800 8206(@PP)m 800 7726(The design of the Lout f)m 10(or)k -9(matting)k -800 7246(system w)m 5(as under)k -14(tak)k 7(en with the)k 800 6766(needs of the @I { ordinar)m -10(y user })k -800 6286(v)m 9(er)k -10(y m)k 3(uch in mind.)k 800 5806(@End @T)m 43(e)k 10(xt)k - +400 fnt4 +2339 11377(Headings)m 4026(and)s 4762(paragraphs)s +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_3 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9646(@SysInclude { doc })m +800 9166(@Doc @T)m 43(e)k 10(xt @Begin)k 800 8686(@Heading { Introduction })m 800 8206(@PP)m +800 7726(The design of the Lout f)m 10(or)k -9(matting)k 800 7246(system w)m 5(as under)k -14(tak)k 7(en with the)k +800 6766(needs of the @I { ordinar)m -10(y user })k 800 6286(v)m 9(er)k -10(y m)k 3(uch in mind.)k +800 5806(@End @T)m 43(e)k 10(xt)k grestore gsave 1417 -14005 translate @@ -2710,6 +2908,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2737,27 +2937,33 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1527(lout)m -10412(5)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1527(lout)m 10412(5)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12051 0 12051 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_4 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8456 400 480 100 0 666 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -400 fnt4 1440 8364(Intr)m 7(oduction)k -400 fnt1 2240 7743(The)m 2953(design)s 4090(of)s 4543(the)s -5123(Lout)s 1440 7263(formatting)m 3215(system)s 4423(w)s 4(as)k -5123(undertak)s 4(en)k 1440 6783(with)m 2245(the)s 2825(needs)s -3818(of)s 4271(the)s 400 fnt5 4851 6785(or)m 14(dinary)k -6328(user)s 400 fnt1 1440 6303(v)m 6(ery)k 2234(much)s -3217(in)s 3622(mind.)s +400 fnt4 +1440 8364(Intr)m 7(oduction)k 400 fnt1 2240 7743(The)m 2953(design)s +4090(of)s 4543(the)s 5123(Lout)s 1440 7263(formatting)m 3215(system)s +4423(w)s 4(as)k 5123(undertak)s 4(en)k 1440 6783(with)m +2245(the)s 2825(needs)s 3818(of)s 4271(the)s 400 fnt5 +4851 6785(or)m 14(dinary)k 6328(user)s 400 fnt1 1440 6303(v)m 6(ery)k +2234(much)s 3217(in)s 3622(mind.)s grestore grestore @@ -2774,6 +2980,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2801,19 +3009,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10408(6)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10408(6)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 3817 11376(Displays)m -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_5 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 -800 9652(Y)m 50(ou cer)k -14(tainly don't w)k 5(ant to retur)k -9(n to)k +400 fnt4 +3817 11376(Displays)m +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_5 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9652(Y)m 50(ou cer)k -14(tainly don't w)k 5(ant to retur)k -9(n to)k 800 9172(his of\207ce and repor)m -14(t:)k 800 8692(@IndentedDispla)m 10(y @I {)k 800 8212(`I can't \207nd an ef\207cient algor)m -5(ithm, I)k 800 7732(guess I'm just too dumb)m 14(.)k 36(')k 800 7252(})m 800 6772(T)m 43(o a)k 7(v)k 9(oid ser)k -5(ious damage to y)k 7(our)k 800 6292(position in the compan)m 5(y)k 36(, it w)k 3(ould)k 800 5812(be better if ...)m @@ -2832,6 +3046,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2855,24 +3071,30 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10411(7)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10411(7)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_6 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8457 400 480 100 0 668 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -1440 8367(Y)m 44(ou)k 2173(certainly)s -3657(don')s 7(t)k 4591(w)s 4(ant)k 5460(to)s -5856(return)s 6901(to)s 1440 7887(his)m 1990(of\207ce)s 2991(and)s -3665(report:)s 400 fnt5 2240 7048(`I)m 2626(can')s 12(t)k +1440 8367(Y)m 44(ou)k +2173(certainly)s 3657(don')s 7(t)k 4591(w)s 4(ant)k +5460(to)s 5856(return)s 6901(to)s 1440 7887(his)m 1990(of\207ce)s +2991(and)s 3665(report:)s 400 fnt5 2240 7048(`I)m 2626(can')s 12(t)k 3542(\207nd)s 4252(an)s 4742(ef\207cient)s 2240 6568(algorithm,)m 3970(I)s 4223(guess)s 5201(I'm)s 5848(just)s 6532(too)s 2240 6088(dumb)m 16(.)k 56(')k 400 fnt1 1440 5330(T)m 32(o)k 1940(a)s 8(v)k 8(oid)k @@ -2896,6 +3118,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2923,18 +3147,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10411(8)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10411(8)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 2299 11376(P)m 4(aragraph)k -4229(br)s 7(eaking)k 5847(styles)s -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_7 /DEST pdfmark +400 fnt4 +2299 11376(P)m 4(aragraph)k 4229(br)s 7(eaking)k 5847(styles)s + +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_7 /DEST pdfmark 360 fnt2 800 9652(Y)m 50(ou cer)k -14(tainly don't w)k 5(ant to retur)k -9(n to)k 800 9172(his of\207ce and repor)m -14(t:)k 800 8692(@ID { r)m 3(agged noh)k 10(yphen } @Break @I {)k 800 8212(`I can't \207nd an ef\207cient algor)m -5(ithm, I)k 800 7732(guess I'm just too dumb)m 14(.)k 36(')k @@ -2955,6 +3186,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2978,24 +3211,30 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10409(9)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10409(9)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12051 0 12051 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_8 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8457 400 480 100 0 666 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -1440 8367(Y)m 44(ou)k 2173(certainly)s -3657(don')s 7(t)k 4591(w)s 4(ant)k 5460(to)s -5856(return)s 6901(to)s 1440 7887(his)m 1990(of\207ce)s 2991(and)s -3665(report:)s 400 fnt5 2240 7048(`I)m 2626(can')s 12(t)k +1440 8367(Y)m 44(ou)k +2173(certainly)s 3657(don')s 7(t)k 4591(w)s 4(ant)k +5460(to)s 5856(return)s 6901(to)s 1440 7887(his)m 1990(of\207ce)s +2991(and)s 3665(report:)s 400 fnt5 2240 7048(`I)m 2626(can')s 12(t)k 3542(\207nd)s 4252(an)s 4742(ef\207cient)s 2240 6568(algorithm,)m 3970(I)s 4223(guess)s 5201(I'm)s 5848(just)s 6532(too)s 2240 6088(dumb)m 16(.)k 56(')k 400 fnt1 1440 5330(T)m 32(o)k 1940(a)s 8(v)k 8(oid)k @@ -3019,6 +3258,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3046,19 +3287,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10326(10)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10326(10)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 4128 11376(Lists)m -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_9 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 -800 9722(@Heading { Oper)m 3(ating Instr)k -5(uctions })k 800 9242(@NumberedList)m 800 8762(@ListItem { Press small g)m 3(reen le)k 10(v)k 9(er)k 18(.)k 21( })k +400 fnt4 +4128 11376(Lists)m +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_9 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9722(@Heading { Oper)m 3(ating Instr)k -5(uctions })k +800 9242(@NumberedList)m 800 8762(@ListItem { Press small g)m 3(reen le)k 10(v)k 9(er)k 18(.)k 21( })k 800 8282(@ListItem { )m 14(W)k 14(ait appro)k 10(ximately 10 seconds)k 800 7802(until red light \210ashes)m 5(.)k 21( })k 800 7322(@ListItem { If smok)m 7(e emerges from rear of unit,)k 800 6842(call Ser)m -10(vice Depar)k -14(tment.)k 21( })k 800 6362(@EndList)m @@ -3076,6 +3324,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3099,33 +3349,39 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave 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400 fnt1 1440 7529(1.)m 2240(Press)s +3166(small)s 4123(green)s 5104(le)s 10(v)k 6(er)k 22(.)k + +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1731_all_1 /DEST pdfmark +1440 6689(2.)m 2240(W)s 32(ait)k 3077(approximately)s 5468(10)s +5952(seconds)s 2240 6209(until)m 3065(red)s 3672(light)s 4505(\210ashes.)s + +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1731_all_2 /DEST pdfmark +1440 5369(3.)m 2240(If)s 2626(smok)s 4(e)k 3757(emer)s 7(ges)k 5164(from)s 6040(rear)s 6760(of)s 2240 4889(unit,)m 3040(call)s 3708(Service)s 4997(Department.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1692_all_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1731_all_3 /DEST pdfmark grestore @@ -3143,6 +3399,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3170,28 +3428,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10327(12)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 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1440 6355(postorder)m 3049(tra)s 8(v)k 6(ersal)k 1840 5875(of)m 2293(binary)s 3404(tree,)s 4180(19)s 1840 5395(topological)m 3730(ordering,)s 5262(229)s 1440 4915(\202)m grestore @@ -3808,6 +4155,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3835,19 +4184,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10334(23)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10334(23)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 2785 11376(Equation)m 4455(f)s 10(ormatting)k - -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_22 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9645(@SysInclude { eq })m 800 9165(...)m 800 8685(Since @Eq { )m 18(T\(n-i\) = )k 18(T\(0\) = 0 } w)k 3(e ha)k 7(v)k 9(e)k +400 fnt4 +2785 11376(Equation)m 4455(f)s 10(ormatting)k +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_22 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9645(@SysInclude { eq })m +800 9165(...)m 800 8685(Since @Eq { )m 18(T\(n-i\) = )k 18(T\(0\) = 0 } w)k 3(e ha)k 7(v)k 9(e)k 800 8205(@IndentedDispla)m 10(y @Eq {)k 800 7725(T\(n\) = big sum from i=0 to n-1 2 sup i = 2 sup n - 1)m 800 7245(})m 800 6765(f)m 10(or the n)k 3(umber of disk mo)k 5(v)k 9(es made b)k 7(y the )k 18(T)k 43(o)k 5(w)k 3(ers)k 800 6285(of Hanoi algor)m -5(ithm, giv)k 9(en @Eq { n } disks)k 5(.)k grestore @@ -3865,6 +4221,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3891,34 +4249,40 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10327(24)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10327(24)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_23 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_23 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8457 400 480 100 0 668 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -1440 8367(Since)m 400 fnt5 2419 8369(T)m -400 fnt6 2691 8357(\()m 400 fnt5 2831 8369(n)m 400 fnt6 -3141 8357(-)m 400 fnt5 3475 8369(i)m 400 fnt6 3601 8357(\))m -3852(=)s 400 fnt5 4207 8369(T)m 400 fnt6 4479 8357(\()m -4619(0)s 4828(\))s 5079(=)s 5434(0)s 400 fnt1 -5723 8367(we)m 6280(ha)s 8(v)k 6(e)k 400 fnt5 -2240 7206(T)m 400 fnt6 2512 7194(\()m 400 fnt5 2652 7206(n)m -400 fnt6 2862 7194(\))m 3113(=)s 279 fnt5 3468 7622(n)m -279 fnt6 3637 7614(-)m 3824(1)s 519 fnt6 3520 7165(\345)m -279 fnt5 3484 6867(i)m 279 fnt6 3597 6859(=)m 3786(0)s -279 fnt5 4143 7369(i)m 400 fnt6 3953 7194(2)m 4357(=)s -279 fnt5 4902 7401(n)m 400 fnt6 4712 7194(2)m 5154(-)s -5488(1)s 400 fnt1 1440 6101(for)m 2006(the)s 2586(number)s -3907(of)s 4360(disk)s 5128(mo)s 6(v)k 6(es)k +1440 8367(Since)m +400 fnt5 2419 8369(T)m 400 fnt6 2691 8357(\()m 400 fnt5 +2831 8369(n)m 400 fnt6 3141 8357(-)m 400 fnt5 3475 8369(i)m +400 fnt6 3601 8357(\))m 3852(=)s 400 fnt5 4207 8369(T)m +400 fnt6 4479 8357(\()m 4619(0)s 4828(\))s 5079(=)s +5434(0)s 400 fnt1 5723 8367(we)m 6280(ha)s 8(v)k 6(e)k +400 fnt5 2240 7206(T)m 400 fnt6 2512 7194(\()m 400 fnt5 +2652 7206(n)m 400 fnt6 2862 7194(\))m 3113(=)s 279 fnt5 +3468 7622(n)m 279 fnt6 3637 7614(-)m 3824(1)s 519 fnt6 +3520 7165(\345)m 279 fnt5 3484 6867(i)m 279 fnt6 3597 6859(=)m +3786(0)s 279 fnt5 4143 7369(i)m 400 fnt6 3953 7194(2)m +4357(=)s 279 fnt5 4902 7401(n)m 400 fnt6 4712 7194(2)m +5154(-)s 5488(1)s 400 fnt1 1440 6101(for)m 2006(the)s +2586(number)s 3907(of)s 4360(disk)s 5128(mo)s 6(v)k 6(es)k 6243(made)s 1440 5621(by)m 1930(the)s 2510(T)s 32(o)k 10(wers)k 3749(of)s 4202(Hanoi)s 5268(algorithm,)s 1440 5141(gi)m 10(v)k 6(en)k 400 fnt5 2406 5143(n)m 400 fnt1 2696 5141(disks.)m @@ -3939,6 +4303,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -3966,25 +4332,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1527(lout)m -10332(25)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1527(lout)m 10332(25)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12051 0 12051 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 3035 11375(Another)m 4550(equation)s - -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_24 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9644(@CenteredDispla)m 10(y @Eq {)k 800 9164(big int supp 1 on 0 )m 21(`)k -800 8684(dx o)m 5(v)k 9(er sqr)k -14(t { 1 - x sup 2 })k 800 8204(= pi o)m 5(v)k 9(er 2)k -800 7724(})m +400 fnt4 +3035 11375(Another)m 4550(equation)s +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_24 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9644(@CenteredDispla)m 10(y @Eq {)k +800 9164(big int supp 1 on 0 )m 21(`)k 800 8684(dx o)m 5(v)k 9(er sqr)k -14(t { 1 - x sup 2 })k +800 8204(= pi o)m 5(v)k 9(er 2)k 800 7724(})m grestore gsave 1417 -14005 translate -400 fnt1 0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -3995,6 +4368,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4021,22 +4396,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10328(26)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10328(26)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_25 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_25 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8640 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -674 fnt6 3160 7426(\362)m 279 fnt6 -3355 7973(1)m 3355 7285(0)m 400 fnt5 3990 7783(dx)m 1187 0 0 0 400 480 20 3586 7698 LoutGr2 +674 fnt6 +3160 7426(\362)m 279 fnt6 3355 7973(1)m 3355 7285(0)m 400 fnt5 +3990 7783(dx)m 1187 0 0 0 400 480 20 3586 7698 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.05 ft setlinewidth stroke grestore @@ -4044,17 +4426,16 @@ grestore gsave 0 7295 translate 1.0000 1.2178 scale -400 fnt6 -3586 -100(\326)m +400 fnt6 3586 -100(\326)m grestore 981 0 0 0 400 480 20 3792 7618 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.03 ft setlinewidth 2 setlinecap stroke grestore grestore -400 fnt6 3852 7254(1)m 4128(-)s 279 fnt6 -4640 7368(2)m 400 fnt5 4462 7266(x)m 400 fnt6 4913 7598(=)m -5268 7785(p)m gsave +400 fnt6 3852 7254(1)m +4128(-)s 279 fnt6 4640 7368(2)m 400 fnt5 4462 7266(x)m +400 fnt6 4913 7598(=)m 5268 7785(p)m gsave 5268 7698 translate 400 fnt5 212 0 0 0 400 480 20 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -4062,7 +4443,8 @@ gsave grestore grestore -5279 7318(2)m +5279 7318(2)m + grestore grestore @@ -4079,6 +4461,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4106,20 +4490,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10331(27)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10331(27)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 3991 11383(T)m 36(ables)k - -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_26 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9729(@SysInclude { tab })m 800 9249(...)m 800 8769(@T)m 43(ab)k -800 8289( @Fmta { @Col @I A ! @Col B })m 800 7809({)m 800 7329(@Ro)m 5(w)k 5(a)k +400 fnt4 +3991 11383(T)m 36(ables)k +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_26 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9729(@SysInclude { tab })m 800 9249(...)m +800 8769(@T)m 43(ab)k 800 8289( @Fmta { @Col @I A ! @Col B })m 800 7809({)m 800 7329(@Ro)m 5(w)k 5(a)k 800 6849( A { F)m 10(or)k -14(tr)k 3(an })k 800 6369( B { )m 18(The \207rst ...)k 21( language })k 800 5889(@Ro)m 5(w)k 5(a)k 800 5409( A { Algol-60 })m 800 4929( B { Said to be ...)m 21( successors })k 800 4449(@Ro)m 5(w)k 5(a)k 800 3969( A { P)m 14(ascal })k @@ -4139,6 +4529,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4162,28 +4554,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10331(28)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10331(28)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_27 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_27 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8640 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -400 fnt5 1440 8177(F)m 42(ortr)k 6(an)k -400 fnt1 3178 8175(The)m 3891(\207rst)s 4612(high-le)s 10(v)k 6(el)k -3178 7695(programming)m 5442(language)s 400 fnt5 1440 6950(Algol-60)m 400 fnt1 -3178 6948(Said)m 3985(to)s 4384(be)s 4853(a)s 5130(better)s -3178 6468(language)m 4712(than)s 5494(most)s 6371(of)s 6824(its)s -3178 5988(successors)m 400 fnt5 1440 5327(P)m 32(ascal)k 400 fnt1 -3178 5325(The)m 3891(most)s 4768(f)s 4(amous)k 6024(of)s -3178 4845(Algol-60')m 22(s)k 4971(successors)s +400 fnt5 +1440 8177(F)m 42(ortr)k 6(an)k 400 fnt1 3178 8175(The)m +3891(\207rst)s 4612(high-le)s 10(v)k 6(el)k 3178 7695(programming)m +5442(language)s 400 fnt5 1440 6950(Algol-60)m 400 fnt1 3178 6948(Said)m +3985(to)s 4384(be)s 4853(a)s 5130(better)s 3178 6468(language)m +4712(than)s 5494(most)s 6371(of)s 6824(its)s 3178 5988(successors)m +400 fnt5 1440 5327(P)m 32(ascal)k 400 fnt1 3178 5325(The)m +3891(most)s 4768(f)s 4(amous)k 6024(of)s 3178 4845(Algol-60')m 22(s)k +4971(successors)s grestore grestore @@ -4200,6 +4599,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4227,21 +4628,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10329(29)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10329(29)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12051 0 12051 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 3357 11375(Another)m 4872(table)s - -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_28 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 10201(@T)m 43(ab)k 800 9721( hmargin { 0.4c })m 800 9241( vmargin { 0.3v })m -800 8761( side { single })m 800 8281( @Fmta { @Col @B @CC X @Ov)m 9(er A,B)k 7(,C })k 800 7801( @Fmtb { @Col @I A ! @Col B !! @Col C })m -800 7321({)m 800 6361(@Ro)m 5(w)k 5(a abo)k 5(v)k 9(e { single })k +400 fnt4 +3357 11375(Another)m 4872(table)s +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_28 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 10201(@T)m 43(ab)k +800 9721( hmargin { 0.4c })m 800 9241( vmargin { 0.3v })m 800 8761( side { single })m 800 8281( @Fmta { @Col @B @CC X @Ov)m 9(er A,B)k 7(,C })k +800 7801( @Fmtb { @Col @I A ! @Col B !! @Col C })m 800 7321({)m 800 6361(@Ro)m 5(w)k 5(a abo)k 5(v)k 9(e { single })k 800 5881( X { )m 18(V)k 25(alue of mathematical ...)k 21( dollars\) })k 800 4921(@Ro)m 5(wb abo)k 5(v)k 9(e { doub)k 7(le })k 800 4441( A { Quadr)m 3(atic f)k 10(or)k -9(m)k 3(ula })k 800 3961( B { @Eq { x ^= { ...)m 21( } o)k 5(v)k 9(er 2a } })k 800 3481( C { 3^.5 })m @@ -4261,6 +4668,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4291,23 +4700,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10326(30)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10326(30)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_29 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_29 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8640 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore gsave 1440 8640 translate -0.5938 0.5938 scale +0.5977 0.5977 scale 0 144 0 144 400 480 100 0 -144 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4333,9 +4748,9 @@ grestore grestore grestore -400 fnt4 226 -421(V)m 36(alue)k -1281(of)s 1736(mathematical)s 4157(f)s 10(ormulae)k 5793(\(millions)s -7369(of)s 7824(dollars\))s gsave +400 fnt4 +226 -421(V)m 36(alue)k 1281(of)s 1736(mathematical)s 4157(f)s 10(ormulae)k +5793(\(millions)s 7369(of)s 7824(dollars\))s gsave 9115 0 translate 400 fnt1 226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -4345,7 +4760,8 @@ grestore grestore gsave 9341 -144 translate -400 fnt1 360 144 0 144 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +296 144 0 144 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4353,8 +4769,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave 9341 -488 translate -400 fnt1 -360 344 0 159 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 296 344 0 159 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4362,7 +4777,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave 9341 -632 translate -400 fnt1 360 144 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 296 144 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4386,7 +4801,8 @@ grestore grestore gsave 0 -1866 translate -400 fnt1 0 1090 0 480 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +0 1090 0 480 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4394,8 +4810,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave 0 -2010 translate -400 fnt1 -0 144 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 0 144 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4409,8 +4824,8 @@ gsave grestore grestore -400 fnt5 226 -1474(Quadr)m 6(atic)k 1955(formula)s -gsave +400 fnt5 226 -1474(Quadr)m 6(atic)k +1955(formula)s gsave 3211 -632 translate 400 fnt1 226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -4434,9 +4849,9 @@ gsave grestore grestore -4724(x)s 400 fnt6 -5062 -1486(=)m 5417 -1206(-)m 400 fnt5 5651 -1194(b)m 400 fnt6 -5961 -1206(\261)m gsave +4724(x)s +400 fnt6 5062 -1486(=)m 5417 -1206(-)m 400 fnt5 5651 -1194(b)m +400 fnt6 5961 -1206(\261)m gsave 0 -1146 translate 1.0000 1.3911 scale 6296 -100(\326)m @@ -4449,15 +4864,15 @@ gsave grestore grestore -279 fnt6 6752 -1026(2)m -400 fnt5 6562 -1194(b)m 400 fnt6 7005 -1206(-)m 7339(4)s -400 fnt5 7547 -1194(ac)m 2500 0 0 0 400 480 20 5417 -1386 LoutGr2 +279 fnt6 +6752 -1026(2)m 400 fnt5 6562 -1194(b)m 400 fnt6 7005 -1206(-)m +7339(4)s 400 fnt5 7547 -1194(ac)m 2500 0 0 0 400 480 20 5417 -1386 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.05 ft setlinewidth stroke grestore grestore -400 fnt6 6466 -1766(2)m 400 fnt5 -6676 -1754(a)m gsave +400 fnt6 6466 -1766(2)m +400 fnt5 6676 -1754(a)m gsave 7917 -632 translate 400 fnt1 226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -4475,7 +4890,8 @@ grestore grestore gsave 8143 -632 translate -400 fnt1 226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhd grestore @@ -4483,8 +4899,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave 8143 -1866 translate -400 fnt1 -0 1090 0 480 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 0 1090 0 480 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4506,23 +4921,23 @@ gsave grestore grestore -400 fnt1 8586 -1476(3)m 8759(.5)s -226 0 0 0 400 480 100 9115 -632 LoutGr2 +400 fnt1 8586 -1476(3)m +8759(.5)s 226 0 0 0 400 480 100 9115 -632 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhd grestore grestore -360 144 0 144 400 480 100 9341 -776 LoutGr2 +296 144 0 144 400 480 100 9341 -776 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore -360 1090 0 480 400 480 100 9341 -1866 LoutGr2 +296 1090 0 480 400 480 100 9341 -1866 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore -360 144 0 0 400 480 100 9341 -2010 LoutGr2 +296 144 0 0 400 480 100 9341 -2010 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4547,10 +4962,10 @@ grestore grestore grestore -400 fnt5 226 -2655(Binomial)m 1791(theor)s 14(em)k gsave +400 fnt5 226 -2655(Binomial)m 1791(theor)s 14(em)k +gsave 226 -3159 translate -400 fnt1 -2985 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 2985 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore @@ -4572,27 +4987,28 @@ gsave grestore grestore -400 fnt6 3663 -2667(\()m 400 fnt5 -3803 -2655(a)m 400 fnt6 4114 -2667(+)m 400 fnt5 4449 -2655(b)m -279 fnt5 4770 -2462(n)m 400 fnt6 4659 -2667(\))m 5062(=)s -334 fnt6 5545 -2288(\245)m 519 fnt6 5479 -2696(\345)m 279 fnt5 -5417 -3002(k)m 279 fnt6 5583 -3010(=)m 5772(0)s gsave +400 fnt6 3663 -2667(\()m +400 fnt5 3803 -2655(a)m 400 fnt6 4114 -2667(+)m 400 fnt5 +4449 -2655(b)m 279 fnt5 4770 -2462(n)m 400 fnt6 4659 -2667(\))m +5062(=)s 334 fnt6 5545 -2288(\245)m 519 fnt6 5479 -2696(\345)m +279 fnt5 5417 -3002(k)m 279 fnt6 5583 -3010(=)m 5772(0)s +gsave 0 -2558 translate 1.0000 2.3652 scale -400 fnt6 -5923 -100(\()m +400 fnt6 5923 -100(\()m grestore -400 fnt5 6103 -2415(n)m 6106 -2891(k)m gsave +400 fnt5 6103 -2415(n)m 6106 -2891(k)m +gsave 0 -2558 translate 1.0000 2.3652 scale -400 fnt6 -6353 -100(\))m +400 fnt6 6353 -100(\))m grestore -279 fnt5 6675 -2499(k)m 400 fnt5 6484 -2655(a)m -279 fnt5 7012 -2486(n)m 279 fnt6 7181 -2494(-)m 279 fnt5 -7368 -2486(k)m 400 fnt5 6822 -2655(b)m gsave +279 fnt5 6675 -2499(k)m 400 fnt5 +6484 -2655(a)m 279 fnt5 7012 -2486(n)m 279 fnt6 7181 -2494(-)m +279 fnt5 7368 -2486(k)m 400 fnt5 6822 -2655(b)m gsave 3663 -3159 translate -400 fnt1 4254 0 1259 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +4254 0 1259 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore @@ -4600,8 +5016,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave 7917 -3159 translate -400 fnt1 -226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore @@ -4633,14 +5048,14 @@ grestore grestore gsave 8143 -3159 translate -400 fnt1 226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +226 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore -400 fnt1 -8369 -2657(12)m 746 0 390 0 400 480 100 8369 -3159 LoutGr2 +400 fnt1 8369 -2657(12)m 746 0 390 0 400 480 100 8369 -3159 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore @@ -4650,17 +5065,17 @@ grestore grestore grestore -360 144 0 144 400 480 100 9341 -2154 LoutGr2 +296 144 0 144 400 480 100 9341 -2154 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore -360 861 0 448 400 480 100 9341 -3015 LoutGr2 +296 861 0 448 400 480 100 9341 -3015 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore -360 144 0 0 400 480 100 9341 -3159 LoutGr2 +296 144 0 0 400 480 100 9341 -3159 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore @@ -4684,6 +5099,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4711,20 +5128,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10339(31)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10339(31)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 3123 11382(P)m 4(ascal)k -4297(pr)s 7(ograms)k -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_30 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9651(@SysInclude { pas })m 800 9171(...)m -800 8691(@ID @P)m 14(as {)k 800 8211(procedure DoPr)m -5(iAbstr)k 3(act\(root:)k 18( Pr)k -5(iEntr)k -10(y\);)k +400 fnt4 +3123 11382(P)m 4(ascal)k 4297(pr)s 7(ograms)k +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_30 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 +800 9651(@SysInclude { pas })m 800 9171(...)m 800 8691(@ID @P)m 14(as {)k 800 8211(procedure DoPr)m -5(iAbstr)k 3(act\(root:)k 18( Pr)k -5(iEntr)k -10(y\);)k 800 7731(begin)m 800 7251( if root^.leftchild <> nil then begin)m 800 6771( DoPr)m -5(iAbstr)k 3(act\(root^.leftchild\);)k 800 6291( wr)m -5(ite\(', '\);)k 800 5811( end;)m 800 5331( Pr)m -5(iK)k 14(e)k 7(yAbstr)k 3(act\(root^.k)k 7(e)k 7(y\);)k 800 4851( wr)m -5(ite\(':'\);)k 800 4371( Pr)m -5(iV)k 25(alueAbstr)k 3(act\(root^.v)k 9(alue\);)k @@ -4744,6 +5167,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4774,33 +5199,40 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10327(32)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10327(32)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_31 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_31 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8455 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -400 fnt4 1440 8363(pr)m 7(ocedur)k 7(e)k -400 fnt5 3270 8367(DoPriAbstr)m 6(act)k 400 fnt1 5622 8365(\()m -400 fnt5 5744 8367(r)m 18(oot)k 400 fnt1 6399 8365(:)m -400 fnt5 6576 8367(PriEntry)m 400 fnt1 7966 8365(\);)m 400 fnt4 -1440 7883(begin)m 1840 7403(if)m 400 fnt5 2206 7407(r)m 18(oot)k -320 fnt6 2861 7415(\255)m 400 fnt1 3043 7405(.)m 400 fnt5 -3116 7407(leftc)m 6(hild)k 400 fnt6 4529 7395(\271)m 400 fnt4 -4845 7403(nil)m 5380(then)s 6228(begin)s 400 fnt5 2240 6927(DoPriAbstr)m 6(act)k -400 fnt1 4592 6925(\()m 400 fnt5 4714 6927(r)m 18(oot)k -320 fnt6 5369 6935(\255)m 400 fnt1 5551 6925(.)m 400 fnt5 -5624 6927(leftc)m 6(hild)k 400 fnt1 6937 6925(\);)m 400 fnt5 -2240 6447(write)m 400 fnt1 3048 6445(\(',)m 3492('\);)s 400 fnt4 -1840 5963(end)m 400 fnt1 2453 5965(;)m 400 fnt5 1840 5487(PriK)m 14(e)k 12(yAbstr)k 6(act)k +400 fnt4 +1440 8363(pr)m 7(ocedur)k 7(e)k 400 fnt5 3270 8367(DoPriAbstr)m 6(act)k +400 fnt1 5622 8365(\()m 400 fnt5 5744 8367(r)m 18(oot)k +400 fnt1 6399 8365(:)m 400 fnt5 6576 8367(PriEntry)m 400 fnt1 +7966 8365(\);)m 400 fnt4 1440 7883(begin)m 1840 7403(if)m 400 fnt5 +2206 7407(r)m 18(oot)k 320 fnt6 2861 7415(\255)m 400 fnt1 +3043 7405(.)m 400 fnt5 3116 7407(leftc)m 6(hild)k 400 fnt6 +4529 7395(\271)m 400 fnt4 4845 7403(nil)m 5380(then)s 6228(begin)s +400 fnt5 2240 6927(DoPriAbstr)m 6(act)k 400 fnt1 4592 6925(\()m +400 fnt5 4714 6927(r)m 18(oot)k 320 fnt6 5369 6935(\255)m +400 fnt1 5551 6925(.)m 400 fnt5 5624 6927(leftc)m 6(hild)k +400 fnt1 6937 6925(\);)m 400 fnt5 2240 6447(write)m 400 fnt1 +3048 6445(\(',)m 3492('\);)s 400 fnt4 1840 5963(end)m 400 fnt1 +2453 5965(;)m 400 fnt5 1840 5487(PriK)m 14(e)k 12(yAbstr)k 6(act)k 400 fnt1 4298 5485(\()m 400 fnt5 4420 5487(r)m 18(oot)k 320 fnt6 5075 5495(\255)m 400 fnt1 5257 5485(.)m 400 fnt5 5330 5487(k)m 4(e)k 12(y)k 400 fnt1 5838 5485(\);)m @@ -4834,6 +5266,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4861,20 +5295,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10334(33)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10334(33)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 3304 11376(Basic)m 4308(graphics)s +400 fnt4 +3304 11376(Basic)m 4308(graphics)s +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_32 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9645(45d @Rotate 1.5 @Scale @Bo)m 10(x {)k +800 9165( Hello)m 14(, w)k 3(or)k -5(ld)k 800 8685(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_32 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9645(45d @Rotate 1.5 @Scale @Bo)m 10(x {)k 800 9165( Hello)m 14(, w)k 3(or)k -5(ld)k -800 8685(})m grestore gsave 1417 -14005 translate @@ -4889,6 +5330,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4912,17 +5355,23 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10327(34)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10327(34)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_33 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_33 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8640 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore @@ -4934,12 +5383,13 @@ gsave 1.5000 1.5000 scale gsave 0 -254 translate -360 fnt2 2027 526 108 254 360 480 100 LoutGraphic +360 fnt2 +2027 526 108 254 360 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox stroke grestore -108 161(Hello)m 14(,)k -1080(w)s 3(or)k -5(ld)k +108 161(Hello)m 14(,)k 1080(w)s 3(or)k -5(ld)k + grestore grestore @@ -4962,6 +5412,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4989,21 +5441,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1527(lout)m -10332(35)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1527(lout)m 10332(35)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12051 0 12051 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 2908 11375(Adv)m 4(anced)k -4704(graphics)s -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_34 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9644(@SysInclude { \207g })m 800 9164(...)m 800 8684(@Fig {)m -800 8204(@Bo)m 10(x)k 800 7724( margin { 0c })m 800 7244( paint { b)m 7(lac)k 7(k })k -800 6764(@Ellipse)m 800 6284( linestyle { noline })m 800 5804( paint { white })m 800 5324({ Hello)m 14(, w)k 3(or)k -5(ld })k +400 fnt4 +2908 11375(Adv)m 4(anced)k 4704(graphics)s +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_34 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9644(@SysInclude { \207g })m +800 9164(...)m 800 8684(@Fig {)m 800 8204(@Bo)m 10(x)k 800 7724( margin { 0c })m +800 7244( paint { b)m 7(lac)k 7(k })k 800 6764(@Ellipse)m 800 6284( linestyle { noline })m +800 5804( paint { white })m 800 5324({ Hello)m 14(, w)k 3(or)k -5(ld })k 800 4844(})m grestore gsave @@ -5019,6 +5478,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5038,17 +5499,23 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10328(36)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10328(36)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_35 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_35 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8231 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore @@ -5067,8 +5534,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfignoline [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -226 282(Hello,)m 1291(w)s 4(orld)k - +226 282(Hello,)m +1291(w)s 4(orld)k grestore grestore @@ -5091,6 +5558,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5118,26 +5587,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10331(37)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10331(37)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 3302 11376(P)m 8(oint)k -4304(labelling)s -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_36 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 9645(@Fig {)m 800 9165(A::)m 800 8685({)m -800 8205( 1::)m 18( @Ellipse { 3c @Wide 2c @High })k 800 7725( //3c)m 800 7245( 2::)m 18( @Bo)k 10(x { 3c @Wide 2c @High })k -800 6765(})m 800 6285(@Sho)m 5(wLabels)k 800 5805(})m +400 fnt4 +3302 11376(P)m 8(oint)k 4304(labelling)s +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_36 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 800 9645(@Fig {)m +800 9165(A::)m 800 8685({)m 800 8205( 1::)m 18( @Ellipse { 3c @Wide 2c @High })k 800 7725( //3c)m +800 7245( 2::)m 18( @Bo)k 10(x { 3c @Wide 2c @High })k 800 6765(})m 800 6285(@Sho)m 5(wLabels)k +800 5805(})m grestore gsave 1417 -14005 translate -400 fnt1 -0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -5148,6 +5623,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5167,17 +5644,23 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10331(38)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10331(38)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_37 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_37 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8414 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore @@ -5228,7 +5711,8 @@ grestore grestore gsave 1417 -14005 translate -400 fnt1 0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 +0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -5239,6 +5723,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5266,19 +5752,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10329(39)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10329(39)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12051 0 12051 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -400 fnt4 3895 11375(Graphs)m -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_38 /DEST pdfmark -340 fnt2 -800 9036(@Gr)m 3(aph)k 800 8556( abo)m 5(v)k 8(ecaption { Ne)k 6(w South )k 13(W)k 13(ales road deaths)k +400 fnt4 +3895 11375(Graphs)m +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_38 /DEST pdfmark +340 fnt2 800 9036(@Gr)m 3(aph)k 800 8556( abo)m 5(v)k 8(ecaption { Ne)k 6(w South )k 13(W)k 13(ales road deaths)k 800 8076(\(per 100 million v)m 8(ehicle km\) })k 800 7596({)m 800 7116( @Data points { plus } pairs { dashed })m 800 6636( { 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4)m 800 6156( 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 })m 800 5676(})m grestore @@ -5295,6 +5787,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5314,24 +5808,30 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10326(40)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10326(40)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12052 0 12052 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_39 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_39 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8640 400 480 100 0 667 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore -1631 8367(Ne)m 10(w)k 2463(South)s -3491(W)s 32(ales)k 4540(road)s 5347(deaths)s 1717 7887(\(per)m -2460(100)s 3151(million)s 4400(v)s 6(ehicle)k 5639(km\))s -5103 3402 0 3402 400 480 100 1440 4116 LoutGr2 +1631 8367(Ne)m 10(w)k +2463(South)s 3491(W)s 32(ales)k 4540(road)s 5347(deaths)s +1717 7887(\(per)m 2460(100)s 3151(million)s 4400(v)s 6(ehicle)k +5639(km\))s 5103 3402 0 3402 400 480 100 1440 4116 LoutGr2 grestore gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def /xsize exch def @@ -5340,7 +5840,8 @@ gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def /xsize exch def { ilinesetup dashed } { /dashlength 0.2 ft def /linewidth currentlinewidth def - /symbolsize 0.15 ft def } + /symbolsize 0.15 ft def + /symbollinewidth currentlinewidth def } { false } { null LoutSetTexture } ] ] def @@ -5371,6 +5872,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5394,20 +5897,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10339(41)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10339(41)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_40 /DEST pdfmark -360 fnt2 800 10484(-2p @F)m 10(ont @Gr)k 3(aph)k -800 10004( style { ax)m 10(es })k 800 9524( xor)m -5(igin { 0 } y)k 7(or)k -5(igin { 0 })k -800 9044( xtic)m 7(ks { 10@ 50@ 100@ 200@ 500@ })k 800 8564( objects { @NE at { 300 2 } @I { Exponential })m 800 8084( @SE at { ...)m 21( } @I { Unif)k 10(or)k -9(m } })k +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_40 /DEST pdfmark +360 fnt2 +800 10484(-2p @F)m 10(ont @Gr)k 3(aph)k 800 10004( style { ax)m 10(es })k +800 9524( xor)m -5(igin { 0 } y)k 7(or)k -5(igin { 0 })k 800 9044( xtic)m 7(ks { 10@ 50@ 100@ 200@ 500@ })k +800 8564( objects { @NE at { 300 2 } @I { Exponential })m 800 8084( @SE at { ...)m 21( } @I { Unif)k 10(or)k -9(m } })k 800 7604( belo)m 5(wcaption { @I n })k 800 7124({)m 800 6644( @Data points { \207lledcircle } { ...)m 21( })k 800 6164( @Data points { \207lledcircle } { ...)m 21( })k 800 5204( @Data pairs { dashed })m 800 4724( { 10 2 500 2 })m 800 3764( @Data pairs { dashed })m 800 3284( {)m 800 2804( xloop from { 10 } to { 500 } b)m 7(y { 20 } do)k 800 2324( {)m 800 1844( x sqr)m -14(t { pi*x / 4 } + 1)k @@ -5426,6 +5936,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5449,23 +5961,30 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -160 fnt1 1417 -1526(lout)m -10327(42)s gsave +160 fnt1 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1526(lout)m 10327(42)s gsave 1417 -14005 translate 400 fnt1 9066 12053 0 12053 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT26_235_all_41 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT26_243_all_41 /DEST pdfmark 8640 10080 1440 8640 400 480 100 0 668 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore gsave 1440 4671 translate -360 fnt1 5670 3969 0 3969 360 480 90 LoutGraphic +360 fnt1 +5670 3969 0 3969 360 480 90 LoutGraphic gsave grestore @@ -5475,7 +5994,8 @@ gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def /xsize exch def { } { /dashlength 0.2 ft def /linewidth currentlinewidth def - /symbolsize 0.15 ft def } + /symbolsize 0.15 ft def + /symbollinewidth currentlinewidth def } { false } { null LoutSetTexture } ] @@ -5484,7 +6004,8 @@ gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def /xsize exch def { } { /dashlength 0.2 ft def /linewidth currentlinewidth def - /symbolsize 0.15 ft def } + /symbolsize 0.15 ft def + /symbollinewidth currentlinewidth def } { false } { null LoutSetTexture } ] @@ -5493,7 +6014,8 @@ gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def /xsize exch def { linesetup cdashed } { /dashlength 0.2 ft def /linewidth currentlinewidth def - /symbolsize 0.15 ft def } + /symbolsize 0.15 ft def + /symbollinewidth currentlinewidth def } { false } { null LoutSetTexture } ] @@ -5502,7 +6024,8 @@ gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def /xsize exch def { linesetup cdashed } { /dashlength 0.2 ft def /linewidth currentlinewidth def - /symbolsize 0.15 ft def } + /symbolsize 0.15 ft def + /symbollinewidth currentlinewidth def } { false } { null LoutSetTexture } ] ] def @@ -5516,8 +6039,7 @@ grestore 1953 535 0 535 360 480 90 0 -535 LoutGr2 300 2 trpoint translate 0 ysize translate gsave grestore -360 fnt5 108 182(Exponential)m -grestore +360 fnt5 108 182(Exponential)m grestore grestore 1428 533 0 533 360 480 90 0 -533 LoutGr2 300 3.14159 300 4 div mul sqrt 1 add trpoint translate 0 0 translate gsave @@ -5527,14 +6049,14 @@ grestore end grestore -360 fnt5 4189 3901(n)m +360 fnt5 +4189 3901(n)m grestore grestore gsave 1417 -14005 translate -400 fnt1 -0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic +400 fnt1 0 0 0 0 400 480 100 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -5545,6 +6067,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage diff --git a/doc/user/README b/doc/user/README index 9b8df78..850b67a 100644 --- a/doc/user/README +++ b/doc/user/README @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This directory contains the Lout source files for the User's Guide to the Lout Document Formatting System. To produce the Guide, type the command - lout -r6 all > user.ps + lout -r6 all > user.ps in this directory. The -r6 flag causes Lout to run over the document six times. This is needed to completely resolve all @@ -21,18 +21,17 @@ error message output on the last run for A4 size printing: lout: : lout -r beginning run 6: -lout file "str_indx" (from "str" line 16, from "all" line 39): - 53,1: 0.3c object too high for 0.0c space; will try elsewhere -lout file "gra_summ" (from "gra" line 44, from "all" line 47): - 10,1: 24.1c object too high for 23.6c space; @Scale inserted -lout file "prg_tabs" (from "prg" line 141, from "all" line 49): +lout file "gra_tick" (from "gra" line 38, from "all" line 46): + 234,1: 23.7c object too high for 23.7c space; @Scale inserted +lout file "gra_summ" (from "gra" line 44, from "all" line 46): + 10,1: 25.7c object too high for 23.6c space; @Scale inserted +lout file "prg_tabs" (from "prg" line 139, from "all" line 48): 66,23: prg2lout 2,1: program text ended within comment 68,35: prg2lout 2,1: program text ended within comment -The first warning is about a footnote that did not fit onto the -first available page. The next is about a large table that had to be -scaled down slightly to fit on the page. The last two warnings point -to two places where a C program text ended inside a comment, which in +The first two warnings are about large tables that had to be scaled +down slightly to fit on the page. The last two warnings point to +two places where a C program text ended inside a comment, which in these cases was deliberate. If you set the document in Letter size paper, you will get a somewhat different set of warning messages. @@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ repeated failure to converge, caused by footnotes and floating figures close to large unbreakable displays. A copy of the final PostScript output file (A4 paper size) is -stored at "ftp://ftp.it.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout/lout-3.36.user.ps.gz". +stored at "ftp://ftp.it.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout/lout-3.37.user.ps.gz". Jeffrey H. Kingston -27 July 2007 +19 September 2008 diff --git a/doc/user/all b/doc/user/all index 7c75312..9c49083 100644 --- a/doc/user/all +++ b/doc/user/all @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ @SysInclude { xrgb } @SysInclude { tab } @SysInclude { tbl } -@SysInclude { eq } @SysInclude { math } @SysInclude { graph } @SysInclude { pie } @@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ @SysInclude { cprint } @SysInclude { eiffel } @SysInclude { perl } -@SysInclude { book } +@Include { mybook } # @Include { letterbook } # for testing Letter size formatting @SysDatabase @Reference { loutrefs } @@ -23,10 +22,10 @@ Lout Document Formatting System } @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Edition { Version 3.36 -July, 2007 } + @Edition { Version 3.37 +September 2008 } @Publisher { -Copyright @CopyRight 1991, 2007 Jeffrey H. Kingston, +Copyright @CopyRight 1991, 2008 Jeffrey H. Kingston, School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney 2006, Australia. ISBN 0 86758 951 5. } @@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ The University of Sydney 2006, Australia. ISBN 0 86758 951 5. @Include { fmt } @Include { ref } @Include { tbl } -@Include { equ } +@Include { mat } @Include { bgr } @Include { dia } @Include { gra } diff --git a/doc/user/bas_lang b/doc/user/bas_lang index 7270b39..7c6ac09 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_lang +++ b/doc/user/bas_lang @@ -33,30 +33,33 @@ At the time of writing, the following languages were available: B { Portuguese Português pt } @Rowa A { English en } - B { Russian ru } + B { Programming } @Rowa A { EnglishUK en-GB } - B { Slovak Slovensky Slovencina } + B { Russian ru } @Rowa A { Esperanto eo } - B { Slovenian Slovenia Slovenija sl } + B { Slovak Slovensky Slovencina } @Rowa A { Finnish Suomi fi } - B { Spanish Espa{@Char ntilde}ol es } + B { Slovenian Slovenia Slovenija sl } @Rowa A { French Francais Fran{@Char ccedilla}ais fr } - B { Swedish Svenska sv } + B { Spanish Espa{@Char ntilde}ol es } @Rowa A { German Deutsch de } - B { UpperSorbian hornjoserbsce serbsce } + B { Swedish Svenska sv } @Rowa A { Hungarian Magyar hu } + B { UpperSorbian hornjoserbsce serbsce } } File @Code "include/langdefs" in the distribution always has the exact list of known languages. As shown, most languages have alternative names, all equally acceptable to the @Code "@Language" symbol. @Code "EnglishUK" differs from @Code "English" only by applying -hyphenation rules said to be more appropriate for British English. +hyphenation rules said to be more appropriate for British English; +@Code "Programming" is for programming languages and is used by the +symbols of Chapter {@NumberOf cprint}. @PP Since accented characters (Section {@NumberOf characters}) are always available irrespective of the language, at first sight it might seem diff --git a/doc/user/bas_par1 b/doc/user/bas_par1 index e5ce503..eaf2839 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_par1 +++ b/doc/user/bas_par1 @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ options, consult Section {@NumberOf setup}; here we just explain how the relevant options work. The options and their default values are paragap @Index @Code "@ParaGap" paraindent @Index @Code "@ParaIndent" +displaygap @Index @Code "@DisplayGap" @ID @OneRow @Code { "@ParaGap { 1.30vx }" "@ParaIndent { 2.00f }" diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_boxs b/doc/user/bgr_boxs index 775e305..5e275cf 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_boxs +++ b/doc/user/bgr_boxs @@ -151,7 +151,20 @@ produce other kinds of boxes: These also have {@Code "margin"}, {@Code "linewidth"}, {@Code "paint"}, and @Code "texture" options, and @Code "@ShadowBox" has a @Code "shadow" option which determines the thickness of the shadow (its default value -is {@Code "0.2f"}). +is {@Code "0.2f"}). There is no option to change the colour of the +shadow, but it is quite easy to combine two boxes to get that effect: +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +lightgrey @Colour @ShadowBox margin { 0c } black @Colour @Box +{ + A shadow box +} +} +produces +@CD lightgrey @Colour @ShadowBox margin { 0c } black @Colour @Box +{ + A shadow box +} +in which the shadow, and only the shadow, is coloured light grey. @PP Boxes are quite at home inside paragraphs, as @Box { a box }, @CurveBox { a curve box }, and @ShadowBox { a shadow box } diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_prec b/doc/user/bgr_prec index 7ece8ff..737d9c9 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_prec +++ b/doc/user/bgr_prec @@ -182,12 +182,12 @@ format the overall document as though the object in question had zero width or height, but it will still print the entire object. @PP For example, you might have an inline equation that causes the -line spacing to increase to accommodate it -- @E { 2 sup 2 sup N } say -- +line spacing to increase to accommodate it -- @M { 2 sup 2 sup N } say -- but you would rather it didn't. Writing -@ID @Code "@ZeroHeight @E { 2 sup 2 sup N }" +@ID @Code "@ZeroHeight @M { 2 sup 2 sup N }" causes Lout to pretend that the object has zero height, and so it will not increase the line spacing around this version of -{@ZeroHeight @E { 2 sup 2 sup N }}, as you can see. +{@ZeroHeight @M { 2 sup 2 sup N }}, as you can see. @PP The @Code "@HShift" and @Code "@VShift" symbols provide a way to move the printed object with respect to the zero-width one: diff --git a/doc/user/dia_defi b/doc/user/dia_defi index 200ce8e..63c1a96 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_defi +++ b/doc/user/dia_defi @@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ symbols that @@Diag offers for helping you create complex shapes. As explained earlier, a node outline is drawn over its {@I base}, which is a rectangle containing the following object plus margins. The base defines a coordinate system with the point (0, 0) at the bottom left -corner, and @Eq { (xsize, ysize) } at the top right: +corner, and @M { (xsize, ysize) } at the top right: @CD @OneRow @Diag { @Box nodelabelmargin { 0.3f } - blabel { @Eq { ysize } } + blabel { @M { ysize } } blabelprox { E } - clabel { @Eq { 0 } } + clabel { @M { 0 } } clabelprox { E } - dlabel { @Eq { xsize } } + dlabel { @M { xsize } } dlabelprox { N } - alabel { @Eq { 0 } } + alabel { @M { 0 } } alabelpos { SW } alabelprox { N } paint { lightgrey } @@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ arc goes anticlockwise; to get a clockwise arc, use {@Code "["}{@I point}{@Code " clockwise]"}. @PP Two points may be separated by -@Eq { [x sub 1 ``` y sub 1 ``` x sub 2 ``` y sub 2 & ] }, which requests +@M { [x sub 1 ``` y sub 1 ``` x sub 2 ``` y sub 2 ] }, which requests that a Bezier curve be drawn between them with control points bezier.curve @Index { Bezier curve } -@Eq { (x sub 1 & , y sub 1 & ) } and -@Eq { (x sub 2 & , y sub 2 & ) }: +@M { (x sub 1 , y sub 1 ) } and +@M { (x sub 2 , y sub 2 ) }: @CD @Diag { @Node outline { @@ -167,10 +167,10 @@ bezier.curve @Index { Bezier curve } clabelprox { SW } dlabelprox { NW } outlinestyle { cdashed cdashed cdashed noline } - alabel { @Eq { ( x sub 0 , y sub 0 ) } } - blabel { @Eq { ( x sub 1 , y sub 1 ) } } - clabel { @Eq { ( x sub 2 , y sub 2 ) } } - dlabel { @Eq { ( x sub 3 , y sub 3 ) } } + alabel { @M { ( x sub 0 , y sub 0 ) } } + blabel { @M { ( x sub 1 , y sub 1 ) } } + clabel { @M { ( x sub 2 , y sub 2 ) } } + dlabel { @M { ( x sub 3 , y sub 3 ) } } { 6c @Wide 2c @High } // @Link diff --git a/doc/user/dia_summ b/doc/user/dia_summ index 529c221..661f1b9 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_summ +++ b/doc/user/dia_summ @@ -1976,28 +1976,28 @@ with the symbols' precedences in parentheses. @Rowh @Rowa A { @I number @Code "=" @I number } - B { @Eq { non = }; also between lengths (79) } + B { @M { non = }; also between lengths (79) } @Rowa A { @I number @Code "!=" @I number } - B { @Eq { non != }; also between lengths (79) } + B { @M { non != }; also between lengths (79) } @Rowa A { @I number @Code "==" @I number } - B { @Eq { non = } between angles (79) } + B { @M { non = } between angles (79) } @Rowa A { @I number @Code "!==" @I number } - B { @Eq { non != } between angles (79) } + B { @M { non != } between angles (79) } @Rowa A { @I number @Code "<=" @I number } - B { @Eq { non <= }; also between lengths (79) } + B { @M { non <= }; also between lengths (79) } @Rowa A { @I number @Code "<" @I number } - B { @Eq { non < }; also between lengths (79) } + B { @M { non < }; also between lengths (79) } @Rowa A { @I number @Code ">=" @I number } - B { @Eq { non >= }; also between lengths (79) } + B { @M { non >= }; also between lengths (79) } @Rowa A { @I number @Code ">" @I number } - B { @Eq { non > }; also between lengths (79) } + B { @M { non > }; also between lengths (79) } @Rowa A { @Code "not" @I boolean } B { Logical not (78) } diff --git a/doc/user/dia_tree b/doc/user/dia_tree index dd8ad1a..52f52f6 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_tree +++ b/doc/user/dia_tree @@ -139,15 +139,15 @@ stubsub.diagrams @Index { @Code "@StubSub" symbol (diagrams) } @ID @OneRow { @Code @Verbatim { @Tree { -@Circle @Eq { a } -@StubSub @Eq { T tsub a } +@Circle @Math { a } +@StubSub @Math { T tsub a } } } ||7ct @Diag { @Tree { -@Circle @Eq { a } -@StubSub @Eq { T tsub a } +@Circle @Math { a } +@StubSub @Math { T tsub a } } } } @@ -238,19 +238,19 @@ end of the stub path: @ID @OneRow { @Code @Verbatim { @Tree { -@Circle @Eq { a } +@Circle @Math { a } @StubSub from { SW } to { SE } @Box outlinestyle { noline } - @Eq { T tsub a } + @Math { T tsub a } } } ||7ct @Diag { @Tree { -@Circle @Eq { a } +@Circle @Math { a } @StubSub from { SW } to { SE } @Box outlinestyle { noline } - @Eq { T tsub a } + @Math { T tsub a } } } } diff --git a/doc/user/equ_math b/doc/user/equ_math index e9ab835..c665bb1 100644 --- a/doc/user/equ_math +++ b/doc/user/equ_math @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ the limits of a sum are laid out differently depending on the context: @CAND { @Math { { sum from { i = 0 } to { n } { i sup 2 } } over { x + y } } } @CAND { - @Math { sum from { i = 0 } to { n } { i sup 2 } } } + @Math { sum from { i = 0 } to { n } } } @EndAlignedDisplays Similarly, the @Code { "big" } symbol that is used in @Code { "@Eq" } to @@ -145,24 +145,24 @@ equation layout. @PP Besides, @Code "@Math" provides several new symbols. Symbols @Code -"atop" and @Code "below" behave similarly to @Code "from" and @Code -"to" in @Code "@Eq", respectively. In other words, @Code "atop" prints +"above" and @Code "below" behave similarly to @Code "from" and @Code +"to" in @Code "@Eq", respectively. In other words, @Code "above" prints its left parameter on top of its right parameter, while @Code "below" does the opposite operation: -@ID { @Code { "@M { { a atop f } + { z below b } }" } +@ID { @Code { "@M { { a above f } + { z below b } }" } |8ct -@M { { a atop f } + { z below b } } } +@M { { a above f } + { z below b } } } @ID { { @Code { -"@Math { sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } atop" -" { 1 <= j <= q } atop" +"@Math { sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } above" +" { 1 <= j <= q } above" " { 1 <= k <= r } }" " { a sub { ij } b sub { jk } c sub { ki } } }" } |8ct -@Math { sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } atop - { 1 <= j <= q } atop +@Math { sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } above + { 1 <= j <= q } above { 1 <= k <= r } } { a sub { ij } b sub { jk } c sub { ki } } } } } @@ -190,12 +190,12 @@ situations such as the one illustrated below: @ID { @Code { "@Math {" -" lim atop @SubScriptStyle { i --> infinity }" +" lim above @SubScriptStyle { i --> infinity }" " f(x) = { g(x) } over { h(x) } }" } |8ct @Math { - lim atop @SubScriptStyle { i --> infinity } + lim above @SubScriptStyle { i --> infinity } f(x) = { g(x) } over { h(x) } } } diff --git a/doc/user/fmt1.awk b/doc/user/fmt1.awk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06a6b53 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/fmt1.awk @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +BEGIN { + print "@Tbl" + print " mv { 0.5vx }" + print " aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { right } @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell |" + print " @Cell indent { right } @Code C | @Cell D | @Cell |" + print " @Cell indent { right } @Code E | @Cell mr { 0i } F }" + print "{" +} +NR % 3 == 1 { printf "@Rowa\n A { \"%s\" } B { @Math { %s } }\n", $1, $1 } +NR % 3 == 2 { printf " C { \"%s\" } D { @Math { %s } }\n", $1, $1 } +NR % 3 == 0 { printf " E { \"%s\" } F { @Math { %s } }\n", $1, $1 } +END { print "}" } diff --git a/doc/user/fmt2.awk b/doc/user/fmt2.awk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..063acec --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/fmt2.awk @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +BEGIN { + print "@Tbl" + print " mv { 0.5vx }" + print " aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { right } @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell |" + print " @Cell indent { right } @Code C | @Cell D | @Cell |" + print " @Cell indent { right } @Code E | @Cell mr { 0i } F }" + print "{" +} +NR % 3 == 1 { printf "@Rowa\n" + printf " A { \"%s from { a } to { b }\" }\n", $1 + printf " B { @Math { %s from { a } to { b } } }\n", $1 } +NR % 3 == 2 { printf " C { \"%s from { a } to { b }\" }\n", $1 + printf " D { @Math { %s from { a } to { b } } }\n", $1 } +NR % 3 == 0 { printf " E { \"%s from { a } to { b }\" }\n", $1 + printf " F { @Math { %s from { a } to { b } } }\n", $1 } +END { print "}" } diff --git a/doc/user/fmt_head b/doc/user/fmt_head index 3c902a5..da88b24 100644 --- a/doc/user/fmt_head +++ b/doc/user/fmt_head @@ -316,4 +316,15 @@ probably best to set @Code "@SectionGap" and some similar options to {@Code "2b"} (meaning new page) as well. The @Code "@NumberSeparator" setup file option (Section {@NumberOf largescale}) affects the format of the structured page numbers. +@PP +There is a @Code "@PageNumberFormat" setup file option that +pagenumberformat. @Index @Code "@PageNumberFormat" +allows a uniform format to be applied to every page number. +Its default value, +@ID @Code "@PageNumberFormat { number }" +just produces the number. To change the format, change the +object within the braces. For example, +@ID @Code "@PageNumberFormat { (number) }" +will cause parentheses to be printed around every page number, and so +on. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/fmt_marg b/doc/user/fmt_marg index a938670..bc02956 100644 --- a/doc/user/fmt_marg +++ b/doc/user/fmt_marg @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ are with their default values: @EvenRightMargin { 2.50c } } When setting these options you must ensure that -@ID @Eq { @Code "@OddLeftMargin" + @Code "@OddRightMargin" = +@ID @Math { @Code "@OddLeftMargin" + @Code "@OddRightMargin" = @Code "@EvenLeftMargin" + @Code "@EvenRightMargin" } In other words, the total margin on odd pages must be the same as on even pages. diff --git a/doc/user/fmt_setu b/doc/user/fmt_setu index 991e1f4..acc0da0 100644 --- a/doc/user/fmt_setu +++ b/doc/user/fmt_setu @@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ use. @Index @Code "@Use" # @InitialSpace { lout } # @InitialLanguage { English } # @InitialColour { black } + # @InitialBackgroundColour { white } # @OptimizePages { No } # @HeadingFont { Bold } # @ParaGap { 1.3vx @OrIfPlain 1f } diff --git a/doc/user/gra_data b/doc/user/gra_data index e03c60a..f39c751 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_data +++ b/doc/user/gra_data @@ -43,21 +43,33 @@ point: C { filledtriangle } D { @GraphFilledTriangle } } -If the @Code "points" option is omitted or empty, nothing is printed. The -symbols are centred over the data point. There is a @Code "symbolsize" +Filled and open squares have exactly the same size, filled and open +diamonds have exactly the same size, and so on. If the @Code "points" +option is omitted or empty, nothing is printed. The symbols are +centred over the data point. There is a @Code "symbolsize" graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } graphs.symbolsize @SubIndex { @Code symbolsize option } symbolsize.graph @Index { @Code "symbolsize" option (graphs) } -option which controls the size (radius) of all these symbols: +option which controls the size (radius) of all these symbols, +and a @Code "symbollinewidth" option +@FootNote { +The @Code "symbollinewidth" option was introduced in Version 3.37, +as part of a bug fix which also caused the printed size of some +symbols to change slightly. +} +which controls their line width: @ID @OneRow @Code { "@Data" " symbolsize { 0.15f }" +" symbollinewidth { 0.5p }" } -shows the default, 0.15 times the current font size. More -precisely, the default value is taken from an option -to the @Code "@Graph" symbol, also called {@Code "symbolsize"}. By -setting that option you can therefore set the symbol size of all data -points in the graph at once; its default value is {@Code "0.15f"}. +shows their default values, 0.15 times the current font size and half +a point. More precisely, these default values are taken from options +to the @Code "@Graph" symbol with the same names. By setting those +options you can therefore control all data points in the graph at +once. The @Code "symbollinewidth" option does not affect the +appearance of @Code { filledsquare }, @Code { filleddiamond }, +@Code { filledcircle }, or @Code { filledtriangle }. @PP The @Code "@Data" symbol also has a @Code "pairs" option which graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } @@ -366,6 +378,6 @@ the original input was Similarly, {@Code "xonly"} inserts y values 1, 2, and so on. The default value, {@Code "xandy"}, gives the usual interpretation, and {@Code "swapxandy"} exchanges adjacent pairs of numbers: the data -is interpreted as @E { (y, x) } pairs rather than @E { (x, y) } +is interpreted as @M { (y, x) } pairs rather than @M { (x, y) } pairs. The layout of data on lines has no effect on the interpretation. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/gra_func b/doc/user/gra_func index a2471bd..a2d6fdc 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_func +++ b/doc/user/gra_func @@ -11,23 +11,23 @@ available everywhere that x and y coordinates are required: within the @Code xticks and @Code yticks options, within the points within the @Code "objects" option, and within the right parameter of the @Code "@Data" symbol. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Data" -" pairs { solid }" -"{" -" 0 0 pi sin { pi/2 }" -"}" +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +@Data + pairs { solid } +{ + 0 0 pi sin { pi/2 } +} } -draws a solid line from @Eq {(0, 0)} to @Eq {(pi, sin(pi "/" 2))}. Section +draws a solid line from @M {(0, 0)} to @M {(pi, sin(pi "/" 2))}. Section {@NumberOf grsummary} lists all the functions; they include the four -arithmetical operators @Eq { non + }, @Eq { non - }, @Eq { non * }, and -@Eq { "/" }, as well as {@Code "sin"}, {@Code "cos"}, {@Code "sqrt"}, and +arithmetical operators @M { non + }, @M { non - }, @M { non * }, and +@M { "/" }, as well as {@Code "sin"}, {@Code "cos"}, {@Code "sqrt"}, and many others. Braces are used for grouping, never parentheses. @PP For plotting functions there are three looping symbols, {@Code "xloop"}, {@Code "yloop"}, and {@Code "zloop"}. For example, the following plots -the two functions @Eq { y = 2 } and @Eq { y = sqrt { pi x "/" 4 } + 1 } -for @Eq { x } from 10 to 500: +the two functions @M { y = 2 } and @M { y = sqrt { pi x "/" 4 } + 1 } +for @M { x } from 10 to 500: @ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -2p @Font @Graph style { axes } @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ xloop from { -5 } to { +5 } by { 0.2 } do if cond { abs { x } > 0.1 } then { x 1/x } else {} } } -This plots the function @Eq { y = 1 "/" x }, skipping points near +This plots the function @M { y = 1 "/" x }, skipping points near zero. Actually the @Code "else" part could be omitted since its default value is empty. @PP diff --git a/doc/user/gra_keys b/doc/user/gra_keys index 771a258..e3a7e5a 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_keys +++ b/doc/user/gra_keys @@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ from Section {@NumberOf data}, the complete result is { 1720 10000 1730 11500 1740 12654 1750 18202 1760 23750 1770 34583 } } -The first eight symbols have a @Code "symbolsize" option with the -usual meaning and the usual default value ({@Code "0.15f"}). The -last four symbols have @Code "dashlength" and @Code "linewidth" options -with the usual default values, {@Code "0.2f"} and {@Code "0.5p"} -respectively, and a @Code "length" option, which determines the length +The first eight symbols have a @Code "symbolsize" and @Code "symbollinewidth" +options with the usual meaning and the usual default values ({@Code "0.15f"} +and {@Code "0.5p"}). The last four symbols have @Code "dashlength" and +@Code "linewidth" options with the usual default values, {@Code "0.2f"} and +{@Code "0.5p"}, and a @Code "length" option, which determines the length of the line drawn by each symbol; its default value is {@Code "1.0f"}. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/gra_plac b/doc/user/gra_plac index b184ed5..4e686f1 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_plac +++ b/doc/user/gra_plac @@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ objects.graph @Index { @Code "objects" option (graphs) } @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @Graph objects { - @CTR at {2.5 6.0} @Eq { y = x sup 2 } - @CTR at {4.5 7.0} @Eq { y = x sup 3 } + @CTR at {2.5 6.0} @Math { y = x sup 2 } + @CTR at {4.5 7.0} @Math { y = x sup 3 } } } -where we have used the @Code "@Eq" symbol from Chapter {@NumberOf equations} -to place two equations onto the graph at the points {@Code "2.5 6.0"} -and {@Code "4.5 7.0"} respectively. An example result appears in the next -section. +where we have used the @Code "@Math" symbol from +Chapter {@NumberOf mathematics} to place two equations onto the graph +at the points {@Code "2.5 6.0"} and {@Code "4.5 7.0"} respectively. An +example result appears in the next section. @PP In addition to {@Code "@CTR"}, there are eight other symbols which may be used within the @Code "objects" option in the same way: {@Code "@NW"}, @@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ other decorations. @PP The @Code "objects" option may contain @Code "@Graph" symbols, but in that case, owing to a deficiency in the implementation, those symbols -will need to have their @Code save options (Section {@NumberOf grerrors}) -set to {@Code yes}. +must have their @Code save options (Section {@NumberOf grerrors}) set +to {@Code yes}. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/gra_summ b/doc/user/gra_summ index 15662c1..60e9a8e 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_summ +++ b/doc/user/gra_summ @@ -196,6 +196,10 @@ automatic } A { symbolsize } B { 0.15f } C { any @I distance } +@Rowa + A { symbollinewidth } + B { 0.5p } + C { any @I distance } } @I Number means an ordinary decimal number; @I distance means a number with a unit of measurement (Section {@NumberOf objects}), such as @@ -273,6 +277,9 @@ their possible values are: @Rowa A { symbolsize } C { any @I distance } +@Rowa + A { symbollinewidth } + C { any @I distance } @Rowb A { @Code "{" @I sequence @Code "}" } C { any @I sequence } @@ -341,7 +348,7 @@ the precedence, if relevant, at right): A { @I expression @Code "rand" @I expression } B { 36 } @Rowa - A { @I expression @Eq { non * } @I expression } + A { @I expression @M { non * } @I expression } B { 35 } @Rowa A { @I expression @Code "/" @I expression } @@ -353,10 +360,10 @@ the precedence, if relevant, at right): A { @I expression @Code "mod" @I expression } B { 34 } @Rowa - A { @I expression @Eq { non - } @I expression } + A { @I expression @M { non - } @I expression } B { 33 } @Rowa - A { @Eq { non - } @I expression } + A { @M { non - } @I expression } B { 33 } @Rowa A { @I expression @Code "+" @I expression } @@ -368,7 +375,7 @@ the precedence, if relevant, at right): A { @Code "if cond {" @I boolean @Code "} then {" @I expression @Code "} else {" @I expression @Code "}" } } -A @Eq { non - } immediately followed by a digit or decimal point is +A @M { non - } immediately followed by a digit or decimal point is always taken to be a minus sign, never a subtraction. The left parameter of @Code "exp" and @Code "log" is the base of the exponentiation and logarithm respectively; @Code "idiv" is integer diff --git a/doc/user/gra_tick b/doc/user/gra_tick index 793390c..23e2402 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_tick +++ b/doc/user/gra_tick @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ y ticks: @Data pairs { filledyhisto } colour { blue } - linewidth { 1 pt } + linewidth { 1p } { 0 340 1 410 @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ y ticks: @Data pairs { solid } colour { red } - linewidth { 1 pt } + linewidth { 1p } { 0.0 24 1.0 24 @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ come to yet, but anyway its source is: rticks { 0@ 50@ 100@ 150@ 200@ 250@ 300@ 350@ 400@ 450@ } yticks {} { - @Data pairs { filledyhisto } colour { blue } linewidth { 1 pt } + @Data pairs { filledyhisto } colour { blue } linewidth { 1p } { 0 340 1 410 2 430 3 340 4 290 5 175 6 140 7 125 8 110 9 100 10 85 11 175 12 0 @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ come to yet, but anyway its source is: xticklength { 0c } yticks { -30@ -20@ -10@ 0@ 10@ 20@ 30@ 40@ } { - @Data pairs { solid } colour { red } linewidth { 1 pt } + @Data pairs { solid } colour { red } linewidth { 1p } { 0.0 24 1.0 24 2.0 25 3.0 26 4.0 26 5.0 26 6.0 26 7.0 27 8.0 26 9.0 27 10.0 28 11.0 28 12.0 26 diff --git a/doc/user/mat b/doc/user/mat new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbead5c --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/mat @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +@Chapter + @Title { Mathematics } + @Tag { mathematics } +@Begin +@LP +This chapter explains how to produce mathematics in Lout, +equations. @RawIndex { equations @I see mathematics } +mathematics. @Index mathematics +mathematics.math @SubIndex { @Code "@Math" } +math. @Index { @Code "@Math" (mathematics) } +using the @Code "@Math" symbol +@FootNote { +@Code "@Math" follows the equation formatting rules of D. E. Knuth's +knuth @Index { Knuth, D. E. } +tex. @Index { @TeX } +@TeX system. Prior to Version 3.37 of Lout, this chapter described +a symbol called +eq. @Index @Code "@Eq" +{@Code "@Eq"} which was similar to {@Code "@Math"} but less faithful +to those rules. For backward compatibility the @Code "@Eq" symbol +is still available and still works exactly as described in the old +documentation, but there is no reason to use it in new documents. +} +like this: +@ID @Code @Verbatim { +@Math { int from { 0 } to { 1 } dx over sqrt {1 - x sup 2} = pi over 2 } +} +This example produces +@ID @Math { int from { 0 } to { 1 } dx over sqrt {1 - x sup 2} = pi over 2 } +The @Code "@Math" symbol looks after all the details of spacing for +you, and it provides several hundred mathematical symbols. +@BeginSections +@Include { mat_intr } +@Include { mat_comm } +@Include { mat_matr } +@Include { mat_disp } +@Include { mat_defs } +@Include { mat_summ } +@EndSections +@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/user/mat_comm b/doc/user/mat_comm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fbb3a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/mat_comm @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +@Section + @Title { Commonly used symbols } + @Tag { mat_comm } +@Begin +@PP +@Code "@Math" prints characters in the fonts appropriate for mathematics: +@ID { +@Code "x - 2" +|7ct +@Math { x-2 } +} +Here @Math { x } is in Italic, @Math { 2 } is in Roman, and @Math { minus } +is from the Symbol font. The character @Code "-" is a @I symbol which +stands for @Math {minus}, and @Code "2" is also a symbol, standing for +@Math { 2 }. @Code "@Math" offers a vast array of symbols: +@ID { +@Code "Omega delta integral partial club" +|7ct +@Math { Omega delta integral partial club } +} +This section introduces the most commonly used ones; +Section {@NumberOf mat_summ} has the full list. +@PP +Symbols whose names are made from letters should be separated from each +other by at least one space or end of line, as was done above, or else +@Code "@Math" will become confused: +@ID { +@Code "Omegadelta" +|7ct +@Math { Omegadelta } +} +Symbols whose names are made from digits and punctuation characters can, +however, be run together with each other and with symbols made from +letters: +@ID { +@Code "Omega-delta<=2" +|7ct +@Math { Omega-delta<=2 } +} +This rule applies throughout Lout (Section {@NumberOf spaces}). +@PP +Some symbols join objects together in mathematical ways: +@ID { +@Code "x sub 2" +|7ct +@Math { x sub 2 } +} +Here the @Code "sub" symbol has taken the object just to its left, and +mathematics.sub. @SubIndex { @Code "sub" symbol } +sub. @Index { @Code "sub" symbol (mathematics) } +the object just to its right, and joined them into one object in the +form of a subscript. The two objects are called the left and right +parameters of {@Code "sub"}, and they may be arbitrary Lout objects. +@PP +Similar symbols include {@Code "sup"} for +mathematics.sup. @SubIndex { @Code "sup" symbol } +sup. @Index { @Code "sup" symbol (mathematics) } +superscripting, @Code "over" for built-up fractions, +mathematics.over. @SubIndex { @Code "over" symbol } +over. @Index { @Code "over" symbol (mathematics) } +and @Code sqrt for square roots. +mathematics.sqrt. @SubIndex { @Code "sqrt" symbol } +sqrt. @Index { @Code "sqrt" symbol (mathematics) } +The @Code "-" symbol used earlier is an example of a +@I { binary operator } symbol, and @Code "<=" is +mathematics.binary.operators. @SubIndex { binary operators } +binary.operators. @Index { binary operators (mathematics) } +a @I { relation } symbol. These take the objects +mathematics.relation. @SubIndex { relation symbols } +relation.symbols. @Index { relation symbols (mathematics) } +to their left and right and display them as shown; it's hard +to see, but there is slightly more space around relations +than around binary operators. There are also @I { large operator } +mathematics.large.operators. @SubIndex { large operators } +large.operators. @Index { large operators (mathematics) } +symbols which take @Code { from } and @Code { to } options and +set them as limits: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { sum from { i=0 } to { n } i } +|7ct +@Math { sum from { i=0 } to { n } i } +} +As usual in Lout, options are optional, but when given, their values +must be enclosed in braces as shown. Section {@NumberOf mat_summ} +has the full list of large operator symbols. +@PP +All these symbols may be used together to produce complicated +mathematics very easily: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { sqrt { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } over 2 } +|7ct +@Math { sqrt { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } over 2 } +} +Braces are used in the usual way for grouping. Leaving them out +creates ambiguities: +@ID @Code "a sup b over c" +There are two possible interpretations for this: +@IndentedList +@LI { +@Code "{a sup b} over c" +|7ct +@ZeroHeight @Math { {a sup b} over c } +} +@LI { +@Code "a sup {b over c}" +|7ct +@Math { a sup {b over c} } +} +@EndList +@Code "@Math" chooses between them in the following way. Every symbol +that takes a parameter also has a {@I precedence}, which is a number +defined in Section {@NumberOf mat_summ}. +mathematics.precedence @SubIndex { precedence of symbols } +precedence.mathematics @Index { precedence of symbols (mathematics) } +The symbol with the higher precedence wins the object lying between +them. White space between two objects is considered to be a symbol +whose precedence is lower than that of any @Code "@Math" symbol. If +two symbols of equal precedence compete for an object, the association +is towards the left. +@PP +In the above case the first interpretation is chosen, because +@Code "sup" has higher precedence than {@Code "over"}. When +in doubt, use braces to make the grouping clear. +@End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/mat_defs b/doc/user/mat_defs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15d4e05 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/mat_defs @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +@Section + @Title { Defining new mathematical symbols } +@Begin +@PP +Whenever you type a particular piece of mathematics repeatedly, you +can save time by using definitions. Definitions are the subject of +Section {@NumberOf definitions}, so here we will just give a few examples +mathematics.definitions @SubIndex { definitions, use with } +definitions. @RawIndex { definitions } +definitions.use.with.mathematics @SubIndex { use with mathematics } +of their use in formatting mathematics. +@PP +Suppose for example that @OneCol @Math { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i } +occurs frequently in your document. Then +@ID @Code "def epi { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i }" +makes the symbol @Code "epi" stand for the object between the braces: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { sum from { i=1 } to { n } ` epi } +|7ct +@Math { sum from { i=1 } to { n } ` epi } +} +Parameters are very useful when parts of the symbol vary: +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +def ep right x +{ + p sub x ` log sub 2 ` p sub x +} +} +The parameter @Code x will be replaced by the object just to the right +of {@Code "ep"}: +@ID { +@Code { +"sum from { i=1 } to { k } ` ep i +" +"sum from { j=k+1 } to { n } ep j" +} +||7ct +@Math { +sum from { i=1 } to { k } ` ep i + +sum from { j=k+1 } to { n } ep j +} +} +The precedence of the symbols you define will be 100 by default. +To make the symbols of @Code "@Math" available within such definitions, +each must be preceded by {@Code "import @Math"}. As explained in Section +{@NumberOf definitions}, the definitions go into a file called +{@Code "mydefs"}, which might look like this: +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +import @Math +def epi { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i } + +import @Math +def ep right x { p sub x ` log sub 2 ` p sub x } +} +Use of @Code "epi" and @Code "ep" outside @Code "@Math" will cause an error. +@End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/mat_disp b/doc/user/mat_disp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e250850 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/mat_disp @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +@Section + @Title { Displaying equations } + @Tag { mathdisplays } +@Begin +@PP +The result of the @Code "@Math" symbol is an object which, according to the +displayed.mathematics @Index { displayed mathematics } +golden rule (Section {@NumberOf objects}), may appear anywhere: inside +a paragraph, inside a table, and so on. In particular, equations are +often displayed using the @Code "@CentredDisplay" or @Code "@IndentedDisplay" +symbols from Section {@NumberOf displays}: +@ID @Code "@IndentedDisplay @Math { ... }" +Now displayed equations are often numbered, and often aligned with one +another on their equals signs. For this there are special display +symbols which are the the subject of this section. These symbols can +align and number any display at all, but since in practice they seem to +be used only with equations, we discuss them here rather than in +Section {@NumberOf displays} where they really belong. +@PP +Let's begin by looking at a first example of a numbered display: +aligned.displays @Index { aligned displays } +aligned.equations @Index { aligned mathematics } +numbered.displays @Index { numbered displays } +numbered.equations @Index { numbered mathematics } +@BeginAlignedDisplays +@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay + @Tag { fibeq } +@Math { F sub n ^= F sub {n-1} + F sub {n-2} } +After the display we might have some more text for a while, and then +we might want a second display, aligned on its equals sign with the +first, and also numbered in sequence with it: +@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay +@Math { F sub n - F sub {n-1} ^= F sub {n-2} } +@EndAlignedDisplays +Notice that the two displays are centred as a block as well as +aligned. Altogether there are four ways in which displays vary: +@BL +@LI { A display can be raw or not raw (see below); } +@LI { It can be a {@Code "@Display"}, {@Code "@LeftDisplay"}, +{@Code "@IndentedDisplay"}, {@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}, +{@Code "@CentredDisplay"}, {@Code "@CenteredDisplay"}, +or {@Code "@RightDisplay"}; } +@LI { It can be aligned or not aligned; } +@LI { It can be numbered or not numbered. } +@EL +All possible combinations are allowed. The display that has everything +is called +@ID @Code "@RawCentredAlignedNumberedDisplay" +By leaving out some or all of {@Code Raw}, {@Code Aligned}, and +{@Code Numbered}, and by changing or leaving out {@Code Centred}, +we get all these combinations. The two displays +numbereddisplay. @Index @Code "@NumberedDisplay" +aligneddisplay. @Index @Code "@AlignedDisplay" +given earlier were made like this: +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +... a first example of a numbered display: +@BeginAlignedDisplays +@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay + @Tag { fibeq } +@Math { F sub n ^= F sub {n-1} + F sub {n-2} } +After the display we might ... numbered in sequence with it: +@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay @Math { F sub n - F sub {n-1} ^= F sub {n-2} } +@EndAlignedDisplays +Notice that the two displays are centred ... +} +All numbered displays have an optional @Code "@Tag" option which is +used for cross referencing (see Section {@NumberOf cross}). Alignment +and numbering work quite independently; they don't have to start or end +together, and there can be non-aligned and non-numbered displays among +the others. +@PP +When aligned displays are used, it is necessary to indicate where the +aligned group begins and ends, by placing @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" +beginaligneddisplays @Index @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" +endaligneddisplays @Index @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" +just before the first, and @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" just after the +last. The alignment points are indicated by preceding them by the +symbol {@Code "^"}, so you aren't restricted to aligning at equals +signs. @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" and @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" +cannot span across several sections or subsections: the equations +aligned by them must lie within a single large-scale structure symbol. +@PP +In our example of aligned and numbered displays, the two displays +were separated by some ordinary text. Very often, though, aligned +displays follow directly after each other. This is a problem, because +if you have one display directly following another there will be too +much vertical space between them. This problem was mentioned in +Section {@NumberOf displays}, and the recommended solution was to +use a list. However, there are no aligned or numbered (in this sense) +lists. +@PP +Fortunately, each display symbol has a `raw' version, which +means that no space is inserted above or below the display. Instead, +raw.displays @Index { raw displays } +you must insert it yourself using paragraph symbols: +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +preceding text +@DP +@RawAlignedDisplay @Math { ... } +@DP +@RawAlignedNumberedDisplay @Math { ... } +@DP +following text +} +# You get the right spacing by placing {@Code "@DP"} symbols before, +# between, and after each display; and you get to use the specialized +# displays that you need. +Raw and non-raw displays may be numbered and aligned together. +@PP +Numbered displays are numbered automatically. Depending on where in +the document they appear, the number might include a chapter number +or section number, etc. This is controlled by options in the setup +file; for example, setting @Code "@ChapterNumInDisplays" to @Code Yes +ensures that numbered displays will be numbered afresh at the beginning +of each chapter, and that the number will include a chapter number. There +is also a @Code "@DisplayNumStyle" option which controls the style of +displays; the default value, {@Code "(num)"}, encloses the number in +parentheses as usual for equations. +@PP +Every display symbol has an abbreviated form consisting of @Code "@" +followed by its capital letters only. For example, +@Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" may be abbreviated to {@Code "@BAD"}, and +the display that has everything to {@Code "@RCAND"}. Owing to an +unfortunate clash between the initial letters of `raw' and `right', +@Code "@RightDisplay" and the other right displays have no abbreviations. +@End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/mat_intr b/doc/user/mat_intr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24b5347 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/mat_intr @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +@Section + @Title { Getting started } +@Begin +@PP +The Lout definitions for the @Code "@Math" symbol are accessed via a setup +file called {@Code "math"}, which you must include at the start of your +document if +math.file @Index { @Code "math" file } +you want mathematics, like this: +@ID @OneRow @Code { +"@SysInclude { tbl }" +"@SysInclude { math }" +"@SysInclude { doc }" +"@Doc @Text @Begin" +"..." +"@End @Text" +} +This shows what to do if you want both tables and mathematics, but you +may leave out the line for tables if you don't want them. Setup files +for specialized packages, such as {@Code "tbl"} and {@Code "math"}, +are best included before the main setup file, but may be included in +any order. +@PP +With the @Code "math" file included, you may write +@ID @Code "@Math { ... }" +at any point in your document, and the symbols of @Code "@Math" will be +available between the braces. Any symbols available outside continue +to be available inside, which means that mathematics may be freely mixed +with other symbols. +@PP +The @Code "@Math" symbol may appear anywhere; its job is to produce +an object containing mathematics, and it neither knows nor cares where +that object goes. To display mathematics, use a display symbol +like @Code "@IndentedDisplay" or @Code "@CentredDisplay" +(Section {@NumberOf displays}). For example, +@ID @Code "@CentredDisplay @Math { int from { 0 } to { pi } sin ` x = 0 }" +produces +@CentredDisplay @Math { int from { 0 } to { pi } sin ` x = 0 } +There are also symbols for aligned and numbered displays +(Section {@NumberOf mathdisplays}). +@PP +The @Code "@Math" symbol sets the mathematics in @I { display style }, +mathematics.display.style @SubIndex { display style } +display.style @Index { display style (mathematics) } +a style suited to displays. To get mathematics within a paragraph, +it is best to use a variant of @Code "@Math" called {@Code "@M"}. The +mathematics.maaa @SubIndex { @Code "@M" } +maaa. @Index { @Code "@M" (mathematics) } +value of @Code "@M { ... }" will be kept together on one line, and it +will appear in @I { text style }, a more compact style suited to +mathematics.text.style @SubIndex { text style } +text.style @Index { text style (mathematics) } +mathematics within paragraphs. +@PP +Throughout this chapter we show the Lout input at the left, and its +result at the right: +@ID { +@Code "@Math { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} over 2 }" +|7ct +@Math { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} over 2 } +} +Subsequent examples will omit the enclosing {@Code "@Math { ... }"}. +@End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/mat_matr b/doc/user/mat_matr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45c9b76 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/mat_matr @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ +@Section + @Title { Matrices } + @Tag { matrices } +@Begin +@PP +The @Code matrix symbol {@PageMark matrix} builds an array of objects: +mathematics.matrix @SubIndex { @Code "matrix" symbol } +matrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "matrix" symbol (mathematics) } +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { +matrix + atleft { blpar } + atright { brpar } +{ + row col x sup 2 col y sup 2 col z sup 2 + row col x col y col z + row col 1 col 1 col 1 +} +} +||9ct +@Math { +matrix + atleft { blpar } + atright { brpar } +{ + row col x sup 2 col y sup 2 col z sup 2 + row col x col y col z + row col 1 col 1 col 1 +} +} +} +The @Code atleft and @Code atright options place vertically scaled +versions of their values at each side; if either is omitted the value +is taken to be an empty object of zero width. Although @Code blpar +and @Code brpar are used here, since the options are vertically +scaled it would also be reasonable to use just +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +matrix + atleft { ( } + atright { ) } +} +The right parameter of @Code matrix is the array itself. It must be +enclosed in braces. It is a sequence of rows introduced by +@Code row symbols; each row is a sequence of objects introduced +by @Code col symbols. The @Code row and @Code col symbols have +low precedence (Section {@NumberOf mat_summ}), but not as low as +white space between objects, so it is safest to enclose the entries +in braces, except in simple cases. +@PP +Entries built with the @Code col symbol have their objects centred in +the column. Also available are @Code lcol for left-justified entries, +@Code ccol meaning the same as {@Code col}, @Code rcol for +right-justified entries, and @Code mcol for alignment along column +marks. Each column may contain entries of different kinds, except +that @Code mcol does not work well with any other sort. +@PP +When several matrices appear side by side, slight differences in height +can cause an unsightly appearance: +@ID @Math { +matrix + atleft { ( } + atright { ) } +{ + row col a sub 11 col a sub 12 + row col a sub 21 col a sub 22 +} +matrix + atleft { ( } + atright { ) } +{ + row col b sub 11 col b sub 12 + row col b sub 21 col b sub 22 +} += +matrix + atleft { ( } + atright { ) } +{ + row col c sub 11 col c sub 12 + row col c sub 21 col c sub 22 +} +} +To assist in resolving this problem, the @Code "matrix" symbol has +a @Code "strut" option, which causes a strut to be inserted into +every row, guaranteeing that every row has height at least equal +to the height of the strut. By using +@ID @Code { +"matrix" +" strut { Yes }" +"..." +} +in each of the three matrices above, the result is improved to +@ID @Math { +matrix + atleft { ( } + atright { ) } + strut { Yes } +{ + row col a sub 11 col a sub 12 + row col a sub 21 col a sub 22 +} +matrix + atleft { ( } + atright { ) } + strut { Yes } +{ + row col b sub 11 col b sub 12 + row col b sub 21 col b sub 22 +} += +matrix + atleft { ( } + atright { ) } + strut { Yes } +{ + row col c sub 11 col c sub 12 + row col c sub 21 col c sub 22 +} +} +By default, the strut has height @Code "0.5f" (half the current font +size) both above and below the axis of the row. This can be changed +by giving any length as the value of the @Code "strut" option: +@Code "strut { 2.0c }" for two centimetres above and below +the axis, and so on. +@PP +Some symbols are defined which produce `matrices' with commonly needed +@Code atleft and @Code atright options already set for you: +@ID { +@Code { "fmatrix { {n+1} over 2 }" } +|7ct +@Math { fmatrix { {n+1} over 2 } } +} +As this example shows, these symbols are very useful for getting large +scaled delimiters around things that aren't necessarily matrices at all. +Section {@NumberOf mat_summ} has the full list of these symbols. +@PP +Every fragment of mathematics has an @I axis running through it which +is used to position it vertically +mathematics.axis @SubIndex { axis of } +axis @Index { axis (in mathematics) } +with respect to nearby objects. In the Expert's Guide to Lout +@Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert } this is called a @I { row mark }, +but we'll stick with axis. Here are some examples with the axis +shown as a dashed line: +@ID { +@ShowHMark @Math { x sup 2 } +||2c +@ShowHMark @Math { non + } +||2c +@ShowHMark @Math { @ExA } +} +When these objects are placed adjacent to one another, their +axes are merged: +@ID @ShowHMark @Math { x sup 2 + @ExA } +Most of the time you do not need to think about vertical +positioning, because for most objects there is just one +sensible place for the axis to go, and Lout puts it there. +@PP +Matrices and the delimiters that enclose them are the two +exceptions. Lout makes the axis of a matrix pass through +its exact centre, and it shifts the axes of delimiters +so that they exactly enclose the thing delimited. These +choices are never disastrous, but there are other possibilities +that might be better sometimes. +@PP +The axis of a matrix could reasonably be set to the axis +of any of its rows: +@ID { +@ShowHMark @Math { +matrix userow { yes } { + axisrow col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } + row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } + row col { x } col { y } col { z } +} +} +||2c +@ShowHMark @Math { +matrix userow { yes } { + row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } + axisrow col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } + row col { x } col { y } col { z } +} +} +||2c +@ShowHMark @Math { +matrix userow { yes } { + row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } + row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } + axisrow col { x } col { y } col { z } +} +} +} +Alternatively, it could be set to where Lout usually places it, +through the exact centre: +@ID { +@ShowHMark @Math { +matrix { + row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } + row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } + row col { x } col { y } col { z } +} +} +} +Delimiters could reasonably keep the axes that they naturally +have (approximately through their centres, but not exactly): +@ID { +@ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow { yes } shiftdelim { no } { @ExA } } +} +or they could have their axes moved in the way that Lout usually does, +to the point which allows them to evenly cover the thing delimited: +@ID { +@ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow { yes } { @ExA } } +} +Altogether then there are four possibilities when these two alternatives +interact: +@CD lines @Break @Tbl + aformat { @Cell 0.5w @VShift A | @Cell | @Cell B | @Cell | @Cell C } +{ +@Rowa + A { } + B { Matrix axis +uses row axis } + C { Matrix axis passes +through centre } +@Rowa + A { Delimiter +keeps its axis } + B { @ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow {yes} shiftdelim {no } { @ExA } } } + C { @ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow {no } shiftdelim {no } { @ExA } } } +@Rowa + A { Delimiter +axis shifted } + B { @ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow {yes} shiftdelim {yes} { @ExA } } } + C { @ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow {no } shiftdelim {yes} { @ExA } } } +} +To supply these possibilities, the @Code "matrix" symbol and all +its variants (@Code "fmatrix" etc.) have two options whose +values may be {@Code "yes"} or {@Code "no"}: +@ID @Code @Verbatim { +matrix + userow { no } + shiftdelim { yes } +{ + ... +} +} +The @Code "userow" option determines whether the axis of the +matrix will use a row axis; the default is not to, i.e. to +centre the axis. The @Code "shiftdelim" option determines whether +the axis of the delimiter will be shifted so that the delimiter +evenly covers the thing delimited; the default is to do this. +@PP +If @Code "userow" is {@Code "yes"}, the next question is +which row's axis to use to make the overall axis. If you +do nothing, the first (or only) row's axis becomes the +overall axis. To select some other row instead, replace +the @Code "row" symbol that precedes the row by {@Code "axisrow"}: +@ID @Code @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + mh { 1s } + aformat { @Cell A | @Cell | @Cell B | @Cell | @Cell C | @Cell | + @Cell D } + bformat { @Cell A | @Cell " col" | @Cell B | @Cell " col" | @Cell C | + @Cell " col" | @Cell D } +{ +@Rowa + A { "matrix userow { yes } {" &0io } +@Rowb + A { " row" } + B { "x sup 3" } + C { "y sup 3" } + D { "z sup 3" } +@Rowb + A { " axisrow" } + B { "x sup 2" } + C { "y sup 2" } + D { "z sup 2" } +@Rowb + A { " row" } + B { "x" } + C { "y" } + D { "z" } +@Rowa + A { "}" } +} +The result of this is +@ID @ShowHMark @Math { +matrix userow { yes } { + row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } + axisrow col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } + row col { x } col { y } col { z } +} +} +with the axis through the second row as desired. +@End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/mat_summ b/doc/user/mat_summ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6bf1a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/mat_summ @@ -0,0 +1,1314 @@ +@Section + @Title { Summary } + @Tag { mat_summ } +@Begin +@PP +This section is a complete list of the symbols provided by +{@Code "@Math"}. We divide them into @I { helper }, @I { ordinary }, +@I { variable-building }, @I { large operator }, @I { unary operator }, +@I { binary operator }, @I { relation }, and @I { punctuation } symbols. +mathematics.precedence @SubIndex { precedence of symbols } +precedence.mathematics @Index { precedence of symbols (mathematics) } +The precedences of these symbols, where relevant, are as follows: +@ID @OneRow @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell indent { ctr } B | @Cell mr { 0i } C } + afont { Italic } + bformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell indent { ctr } B | @Cell mr { 0i } C } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { Symbol type } + B { Precedence } + C { Symbols } + rb { yes } +@Rowb + A { Helper } + B { 100 } + C { @Code { "big" } @Code { "small" } @Code { "vctr" } +@Code { "@SuperScriptStyle" } etc. +# @Code { "@SubScriptStyle" } +# @Code { "@NumeratorStyle" } @Code { "@DenominatorStyle" } +# @Code { "@SquareRootStyle" } +} +@Rowb + A { Variable-building } + B { 84 } + C { @Code { "dot" } @Code { "dotdot" } @Code { "hat" } +@Code { "tilde" } @Code { "vec" } @Code { "dyad" } +@Code { "overbar" } @Code { "underbar" } +} +@Rowb + A { Variable-building } + B { 82 } + C { @Code { "sub" } @Code { "on" } @Code { "ton" } } +@Rowb + A { Variable-building } + B { 80 } + C { @Code { "sup" } @Code { "supp" } } +@Rowb + A { Unary operator } + B { 70 } + C { @Code { sqrt } @Code { root } @Code { zroot } @Code { matrix } etc. } +@Rowb + A { Binary operator } + B { 64 } + C { @Code { "times" } @Code { "*" } } +@Rowb + A { Binary operator } + B { 62 } + C { @Code { "div" } @Code { "frac" } @Code { "over" } } +@Rowb + A { Binary operator } + B { 60 } + C { @Code { "bin" } @Code { "+" } @Code { "-" } and +all other binary operator symbols } +@Rowb + A { Relation } + B { 50 } + C { @Code "rel" and all other relation symbols } +@Rowb + A { Punctuation } + B { 40 } + C { @Code { "punct" } @Code { ";" } @Code { "," } @Code { "col" } } +@Rowb + A { Helper } + B { 26 } + C { @Code "non" } +@Rowb + A { Helper } + B { 24 } + C { @Code { "above" } @Code { "below" } @Code { "wideabove" } +@Code { "widebelow" } +} +@Rowb + A { Helper } + B { 22 } + C { @Code { "col" } @Code { "lcol" } @Code { "ccol" } +@Code { "rcol" } @Code { "mcol" } } +@Rowb + A { Helper } + B { 20 } + C { @Code { "row" } @Code { "axisrow" } } + rb { yes } + mb { 0i } +} +Results are shown in display style in this section; the other styles +give more compressed results. +@BeginSubSections + +@SubSection + @Title { Helper symbols } +@Begin +@LP +The full list of helper symbols is +@ID @OneRow @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell mr { 0i } B } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { @Code "`" } + B { Thin space, as after punctuation symbols } +@Rowa + A { @Code "``" } + B { Medium space, as around binary operator symbols } +@Rowa + A { @Code "```" } + B { Thick space, as around relation symbols } +@Rowa + A { @Code "big x" +mathematics.big. @SubIndex { @Code "big" symbol } +big. @Index { @Code "big" symbol (mathematics) } +} + B { Make @Code x larger } +@Rowa + A { @Code "small x" +mathematics.small. @SubIndex { @Code "small" symbol } +small. @Index { @Code "small" symbol (mathematics) } +} + B { Make @Code x smaller } +@Rowa + A { @Code "vctr x" +mathematics.vctr. @SubIndex { @Code "vctr" symbol } +vctr. @Index { @Code "vctr" symbol (mathematics) } +} + B { Centre @Code x vertically } +@Rowa + A { @Code "@SuperScriptStyle x" +mathematics.superscriptstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@SuperScriptStyle" } +superscriptstyle. @Index { @Code "@SuperScriptStyle" (mathematics) } +} + B { Set @Code x in the style of a superscript } +@Rowa + A { @Code "@SubScriptStyle x" +mathematics.subscriptstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@SubScriptStyle" } +subscriptstyle. @Index { @Code "@SubScriptStyle" (mathematics) } +} + B { Set @Code x in the style of a subscript } +@Rowa + A { @Code "@NumeratorStyle x" +mathematics.numeratorstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@NumeratorStyle" } +numeratorstyle. @Index { @Code "@NumeratorStyle" (mathematics) } +} + B { Set @Code x in the style of a numerator } +@Rowa + A { @Code "@DenominatorStyle x" +mathematics.denominatorstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@DenominatorStyle" } +denominatorstyle. @Index { @Code "@DenominatorStyle" (mathematics) } +} + B { Set @Code x in the style of a denominator } +@Rowa + A { @Code "@SquareRootStyle x" +mathematics.squarerootstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@SquareRootStyle" } +squarerootstyle. @Index { @Code "@SquareRootStyle" (mathematics) } +} + B { Set @Code x in the style of a square root } +@Rowa + A { @Code { above } @Code { below } @Code { wideabove } +@Code { widebelow } } + B { Vertical stacking (see below) } +@Rowa + A { @Code { "col" } @Code { "lcol" } @Code { "ccol" } +@Code { "rcol" } @Code { "mcol" } @Code { "row" } @Code { "axisrow" } } + B { Used only within matrices (Section {@NumberOf matrices}) } +@Rowa + A { @Code "non x" } + B { Remove spaces from @Code x (see below) } + mb { 0i } +} +where @Code "x" is arbitrary as usual. The @Code "above" symbol prints +mathematics.above. @SubIndex { @Code "above" symbol } +above. @Index { @Code "above" symbol (mathematics) } +the preceding object above the following object, while the @Code "below" +mathematics.below. @SubIndex { @Code "below" symbol } +below. @Index { @Code "below" symbol (mathematics) } +symbol prints it below: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { { a above f } + { z below b } } +|7ct +@Math { { a above f } + { z below b } } +} +Here is a larger example: +@ID { @Code @Verbatim { +sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } above + { 1 <= j <= q } above { 1 <= k <= r } } +{ a sub ij b sub jk c sub ki } +} +||7ct +@Math { + sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } above + { 1 <= j <= q } above + { 1 <= k <= r } } + { a sub { ij } b sub { jk } c sub { ki } } +} +} +The @Code "wideabove" and @Code "widebelow" symbols are like @Code "above" +mathematics.wideabove. @SubIndex { @Code "wideabove" symbol } +wideabove. @Index { @Code "wideabove" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.widebelow. @SubIndex { @Code "widebelow" symbol } +widebelow. @Index { @Code "widebelow" symbol (mathematics) } +and @Code "below" except that they horizontally scale the right parameter +to the width of the left: +@IL + +@LI { +@Code @Verbatim { +{a, ... , z} wideabove +{90d @Rotate blbrace} +} +||7ct +@Math { {a, ... , z} wideabove {90d @Rotate blbrace} } +} + +@LI { +@Code "{a, ... , z} widebelow minus" +|7ct +@Math { {a, ... , z} widebelow minus } +} +@EL +The @Code "non" symbol prints the following object without the +mathematics.non. @SubIndex { @Code "non" symbol } +non. @Index { @Code "non" symbol (mathematics) } +horizontal spacing it would usually contain. It has low precedence +so that, in examples like +@ID @Code @Verbatim { +The `@M { non <= }' operation is reflexive and transitive. +} +which produces +@ID { +The `@M { non <= }' operation is reflexive and transitive. +} +it is easy to use the familiar symbolic names for relations and +operators without getting the usual surrounding spaces, saving +the trouble of looking up the names of the characters. +@End @SubSection + +@SubSection + @Title { Ordinary symbols } +@Begin +@LP +Ordinary symbols are the simplest symbols. They do not take objects +mathematics.ordinary. @SubIndex { ordinary symbols } +ordinary. @Index { ordinary symbols (mathematics) } +to their left or right, and they always look the same except for the +usual change of size in certain contexts (superscripts, subscripts, etc.). +There are hundreds of these symbols, so they are presented here in groups. +@PP +The first group consists of all the symbols from the Adobe Symbol font; +these are as for the @Code "@Sym" symbol of Section {@NumberOf characters}, +but within @Code "@Math" you don't type {@Code "@Sym"}: +@DP +@Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml {@DisplayIndent} indent {right} w {@LCodeWidth} @Code A | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "space" } B { @Math { space } } + C { "exclam" } D { @Math { exclam } } + E { "universal" } F { @Math { universal } } +@Rowa + A { "numbersign" } B { @Math { numbersign } } + C { "existential" } D { @Math { existential } } + E { "percent" } F { @Math { percent } } +@Rowa + A { "ampersand" } B { @Math { ampersand } } + C { "suchthat" } D { @Math { suchthat } } + E { "parenleft" } F { @Math { parenleft } } +@Rowa + A { "parenright" } B { @Math { parenright } } + C { "asteriskmath" } D { @Math { asteriskmath } } + E { "plus" } F { @Math { plus } } +@Rowa + A { "comma" } B { @Math { comma } } + C { "minus" } D { @Math { minus } } + E { "period" } F { @Math { period } } +@Rowa + A { "slash" } B { @Math { slash } } + C { "zero" } D { @Math { zero } } + E { "one" } F { @Math { one } } +@Rowa + A { "two" } B { @Math { two } } + C { "three" } D { @Math { three } } + E { "four" } F { @Math { four } } +@Rowa + A { "five" } B { @Math { five } } + C { "six" } D { @Math { six } } + E { "seven" } F { @Math { seven } } +@Rowa + A { "eight" } B { @Math { eight } } + C { "nine" } D { @Math { nine } } + E { "colon" } F { @Math { colon } } +@Rowa + A { "semicolon" } B { @Math { semicolon } } + C { "less" } D { @Math { less } } + E { "equal" } F { @Math { equal } } +@Rowa + A { "greater" } B { @Math { greater } } + C { "question" } D { @Math { question } } + E { "congruent" } F { @Math { congruent } } +@Rowa + A { "Alpha" } B { @Math { Alpha } } + C { "Beta" } D { @Math { Beta } } + E { "Chi" } F { @Math { Chi } } +@Rowa + A { "Delta" } B { @Math { Delta } } + C { "Epsilon" } D { @Math { Epsilon } } + E { "Phi" } F { @Math { Phi } } +@Rowa + A { "Gamma" } B { @Math { Gamma } } + C { "Eta" } D { @Math { Eta } } + E { "Iota" } F { @Math { Iota } } +@Rowa + A { "thetaone" } B { @Math { thetaone } } + C { "Kappa" } D { @Math { Kappa } } + E { "Lambda" } F { @Math { Lambda } } +@Rowa + A { "Mu" } B { @Math { Mu } } + C { "Nu" } D { @Math { Nu } } + E { "Omicron" } F { @Math { Omicron } } +@Rowa + A { "Pi" } B { @Math { Pi } } + C { "Theta" } D { @Math { Theta } } + E { "Rho" } F { @Math { Rho } } +@Rowa + A { "Sigma" } B { @Math { Sigma } } + C { "Tau" } D { @Math { Tau } } + E { "Upsilon" } F { @Math { Upsilon } } +@Rowa + A { "sigmaone" } B { @Math { sigmaone } } + C { "Omega" } D { @Math { Omega } } + E { "Xi" } F { @Math { Xi } } +@Rowa + A { "Psi" } B { @Math { Psi } } + C { "Zeta" } D { @Math { Zeta } } + E { "bracketleft" } F { @Math { bracketleft } } +@Rowa + A { "therefore" } B { @Math { therefore } } + C { "bracketright" } D { @Math { bracketright } } + E { "perpendicular" } F { @Math { perpendicular } } +@Rowa + A { "underscore" } B { @Math { underscore } } + C { "radicalex" } D { @Math { radicalex } } + E { "alpha" } F { @Math { alpha } } +@Rowa + A { "beta" } B { @Math { beta } } + C { "chi" } D { @Math { chi } } + E { "delta" } F { @Math { delta } } +@Rowa + A { "epsilon" } B { @Math { epsilon } } + C { "phi" } D { @Math { phi } } + E { "gamma" } F { @Math { gamma } } +@Rowa + A { "eta" } B { @Math { eta } } + C { "iota" } D { @Math { iota } } + E { "phione" } F { @Math { phione } } +@Rowa + A { "kappa" } B { @Math { kappa } } + C { "lambda" } D { @Math { lambda } } + E { "mu" } F { @Math { mu } } +@Rowa + A { "nu" } B { @Math { nu } } + C { "omicron" } D { @Math { omicron } } + E { "pi" } F { @Math { pi } } +@Rowa + A { "theta" } B { @Math { theta } } + C { "rho" } D { @Math { rho } } + E { "sigma" } F { @Math { sigma } } +@Rowa + A { "tau" } B { @Math { tau } } + C { "upsilon" } D { @Math { upsilon } } + E { "omegaone" } F { @Math { omegaone } } +@Rowa + A { "omega" } B { @Math { omega } } + C { "xi" } D { @Math { xi } } + E { "psi" } F { @Math { psi } } +@Rowa + A { "zeta" } B { @Math { zeta } } + C { "braceleft" } D { @Math { braceleft } } + E { "bar" } F { @Math { bar } } +@Rowa + A { "braceright" } B { @Math { braceright } } + C { "similar" } D { @Math { similar } } + E { "Upsilonone" } F { @Math { Upsilonone } } +@Rowa + A { "minute" } B { @Math { minute } } + C { "lessequal" } D { @Math { lessequal } } + E { "fraction" } F { @Math { fraction } } +@Rowa + A { "infinity" } B { @Math { infinity } } + C { "florin" } D { @Math { florin } } + E { "club" } F { @Math { club } } +@Rowa + A { "diamond" } B { @Math { diamond } } + C { "heart" } D { @Math { heart } } + E { "spade" } F { @Math { spade } } +@Rowa + A { "arrowboth" } B { @Math { arrowboth } } + C { "arrowleft" } D { @Math { arrowleft } } + E { "arrowup" } F { @Math { arrowup } } +@Rowa + A { "arrowright" } B { @Math { arrowright } } + C { "arrowdown" } D { @Math { arrowdown } } + E { "degree" } F { @Math { degree } } +@Rowa + A { "plusminus" } B { @Math { plusminus } } + C { "second" } D { @Math { second } } + E { "greaterequal" } F { @Math { greaterequal } } +@Rowa + A { "multiply" } B { @Math { multiply } } + C { "proportional" } D { @Math { proportional } } + E { "partialdiff" } F { @Math { partialdiff } } +@Rowa + A { "bullet" } B { @Math { bullet } } + C { "divide" } D { @Math { divide } } + E { "notequal" } F { @Math { notequal } } +@Rowa + A { "equivalence" } B { @Math { equivalence } } + C { "approxequal" } D { @Math { approxequal } } + E { "ellipsis" } F { @Math { ellipsis } } +@Rowa + A { "arrowvertex" } B { @Math { arrowvertex } } + C { "arrowhorizex" } D { @Math { arrowhorizex } } + E { "carriagereturn" } F { @Math { carriagereturn } } +@Rowa + A { "aleph" } B { @Math { aleph } } + C { "Ifraktur" } D { @Math { Ifraktur } } + E { "Rfraktur" } F { @Math { Rfraktur } } +@Rowa + A { "weierstrass" } B { @Math { weierstrass } } + C { "circlemultiply" } D { @Math { circlemultiply } } + E { "circleplus" } F { @Math { circleplus } } +@Rowa + A { "emptyset" } B { @Math { emptyset } } + C { "intersection" } D { @Math { intersection } } + E { "union" } F { @Math { union } } +@Rowa + A { { 0.92 1.0 } @Scale "propersuperset" } B { @Math { propersuperset } } + C { "reflexsuperset" } D { @Math { reflexsuperset } } + E { "notsubset" } F { @Math { notsubset } } +@Rowa + A { "propersubset" } B { @Math { propersubset } } + C { "reflexsubset" } D { @Math { reflexsubset } } + E { "element" } F { @Math { element } } +@Rowa + A { "notelement" } B { @Math { notelement } } + C { "angle" } D { @Math { angle } } + E { "gradient" } F { @Math { gradient } } +@Rowa + A { "registerserif" } B { @Math { registerserif } } + C { "copyrightserif" } D { @Math { copyrightserif } } + E { "trademarkserif" } F { @Math { trademarkserif } } +@Rowa + A { "product" } B { @Math { product } } + C { "radical" } D { @Math { radical } } + E { "dotmath" } F { @Math { dotmath } } +@Rowa + A { "logicalnot" } B { @Math { logicalnot } } + C { "logicaland" } D { @Math { logicaland } } + E { "logicalor" } F { @Math { logicalor } } +@Rowa + A { "arrowdblboth" } B { @Math { arrowdblboth } } + C { "arrowdblleft" } D { @Math { arrowdblleft } } + E { "arrowdblup" } F { @Math { arrowdblup } } +@Rowa + A { "arrowdblright" } B { @Math { arrowdblright } } + C { "arrowdbldown" } D { @Math { arrowdbldown } } + E { "lozenge" } F { @Math { lozenge } } +@Rowa + A { "angleleft" } B { @Math { angleleft } } + C { "registersans" } D { @Math { registersans } } + E { "copyrightsans" } F { @Math { copyrightsans } } +@Rowa + A { { 0.92 1.0 } @Scale "trademarksans" } B { @Math { trademarksans } } + C { "summation" } D { @Math { summation } } + E { "parenlefttp" } F { @Math { parenlefttp } } +@Rowa + A { "parenleftex" } B { @Math { parenleftex } } + C { "parenleftbt" } D { @Math { parenleftbt } } + E { "bracketlefttp" } F { @Math { bracketlefttp } } +@Rowa + A { "bracketleftex" } B { @Math { bracketleftex } } + C { "bracketleftbt" } D { @Math { bracketleftbt } } + E { "bracelefttp" } F { @Math { bracelefttp } } +@Rowa + A { "braceleftmid" } B { @Math { braceleftmid } } + C { "braceleftbt" } D { @Math { braceleftbt } } + E { "braceex" } F { @Math { braceex } } +@Rowa + A { "angleright" } B { @Math { angleright } } + C { "integral" } D { @Math { integral } } + E { "integraltp" } F { @Math { integraltp } } +@Rowa + A { "integralex" } B { @Math { integralex } } + C { "integralbt" } D { @Math { integralbt } } + E { "parenrighttp" } F { @Math { parenrighttp } } +@Rowa + A { "parenrightex" } B { @Math { parenrightex } } + C { "parenrightbt" } D { @Math { parenrightbt } } + E { "bracketrighttp" } F { @Math { bracketrighttp } } +@Rowa + A { "bracketrightex" } B { @Math { bracketrightex } } + C { "bracketrightbt" } D { @Math { bracketrightbt } } + E { "bracerighttp" } F { @Math { bracerighttp } } +@Rowa + A { "bracerightmid" } B { @Math { bracerightmid } } + C { "bracerightbt" } D { @Math { bracerightbt } } + mb { 0i } +} +@DP +The symbols that produce the Symbol font characters @Code { theta1 }, +@Code { sigma1 }, @Code { phi1 }, @Code { omega1 }, and @Code { Upsilon1 } +are called @Code { thetaone }, @Code { sigmaone }, @Code { phione }, +@Code { omegaone }, and @Code { Upsilonone }, since Lout symbol names +cannot contain both letters and digits. The second group of ordinary +symbols produces arrows: +@ID @OneRow @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "leftarrow" } B { @Math { leftarrow } } + C { "longleftarrow" } D { @Math { longleftarrow } } + E { "dblleftarrow" } F { @Math { dblleftarrow } } +@Rowa + A { "dbllongleftarrow" } B { @Math { dbllongleftarrow } } + C { "rightarrow" } D { @Math { rightarrow } } + E { "longrightarrow" } F { @Math { longrightarrow } } +@Rowa + A { "dblrightarrow" } B { @Math { dblrightarrow } } + C { "dbllongrightarrow" } D { @Math { dbllongrightarrow } } + E { "leftrightarrow" } F { @Math { leftrightarrow } } +@Rowa + A { "longleftrightarrow" } B { @Math { longleftrightarrow } } + C { "dblleftrightarrow" } D { @Math { dblleftrightarrow } } + E { { 0.85 1.0 } @Scale "dbllongleftrightarrow" } + F { @Math { dbllongleftrightarrow } } +@Rowa + A { "mapsto" } B { @Math { mapsto } } + C { "longmapsto" } D { @Math { longmapsto } } + E { "hookleftarrow" } F { @Math { hookleftarrow } } +@Rowa + A { "hookrightarrow" } B { @Math { hookrightarrow } } + C { "leadsto" } D { @Math { leadsto } } + E { "leftharpoonup" } F { @Math { leftharpoonup } } +@Rowa + A { "rightharpoonup" } B { @Math { rightharpoonup } } + C { "leftharpoondown" } D { @Math { leftharpoondown } } + E { { 0.95 1.0 } @Scale "rightharpoondown" } F { @Math { rightharpoondown } } +@Rowa + A { "rightleftharpoons" } B { @Math { rightleftharpoons } } + C { "uparrow" } D { @Math { uparrow } } + E { "dbluparrow" } F { @Math { dbluparrow } } +@Rowa + A { "downarrow" } B { @Math { downarrow } } + C { "dbldownarrow" } D { @Math { dbldownarrow } } + E { "updownarrow" } F { @Math { updownarrow } } +@Rowa + A { "dblupdownarrow" } B { @Math { dblupdownarrow } } + C { "nearrow" } D { @Math { nearrow } } + E { "searrow" } F { @Math { searrow } } +@Rowa + A { "swarrow" } B { @Math { swarrow } } + C { "nwarrow" } D { @Math { nwarrow } } + mb { 0i } +} +The members of the third group of ordinary symbols stand for themselves, +but in Roman font rather than the Italic which is the default in +mathematics: +@ID @OneRow @Tbl + mv { 0.45vx } + aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} w {@LCodeWidth} @Code A | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "arccos" } B { @Math { arccos } } + C { "arcsin" } D { @Math { arcsin } } + E { "arctan" } F { @Math { arctan } } +@Rowa + A { "arg" } B { @Math { arg } } + C { "cos" } D { @Math { cos } } + E { "cosh" } F { @Math { cosh } } +@Rowa + A { "cot" } B { @Math { cot } } + C { "coth" } D { @Math { coth } } + E { "csc" } F { @Math { csc } } +@Rowa + A { "deg" } B { @Math { deg } } + C { "det" } D { @Math { det } } + E { "dim" } F { @Math { dim } } +@Rowa + A { "exp" } B { @Math { exp } } + C { "gcd" } D { @Math { gcd } } + E { "hom" } F { @Math { hom } } +@Rowa + A { "inf" } B { @Math { inf } } + C { "ker" } D { @Math { ker } } + E { "lg" } F { @Math { lg } } +@Rowa + A { "lim" } B { @Math { lim } } + C { "liminf" } D { @ZeroWidth @Math { liminf } } + E { "limsup" } F { @Math { limsup } } +@Rowa + A { "ln" } B { @Math { ln } } + C { "log" } D { @Math { log } } + E { "max" } F { @Math { max } } +@Rowa + A { "min" } B { @Math { min } } + C { "Pr" } D { @Math { Pr } } + E { "sec" } F { @Math { sec } } +@Rowa + A { "sin" } B { @Math { sin } } + C { "sinh" } D { @Math { sinh } } + E { "supr" } F { @Math { supr } } +@Rowa + A { "tan" } B { @Math { tan } } + C { "tanh" } D { @Math { tanh } } + E { "mod" } F { @Math { mod } } +@Rowa + A { "0" } B { @Math { 0 } } + C { "1" } D { @Math { 1 } } + E { "2" } F { @Math { 2 } } +@Rowa + A { "3" } B { @Math { 3 } } + C { "4" } D { @Math { 4 } } + E { "5" } F { @Math { 5 } } +@Rowa + A { "6" } B { @Math { 6 } } + C { "7" } D { @Math { 7 } } + E { "8" } F { @Math { 8 } } +@Rowa + A { "9" } B { @Math { 9 } } + C { "!" } D { @Math { ! } } + E { "?" } F { @Math { ? } } +@Rowa + A { "%" } B { @Math { % } } + C { "(" } D { @Math { ( } } + E { ")" } F { @Math { ) } } +@Rowa + A { "[" } B { @Math { [ } } + C { "]" } D { @Math { ] } } + mb { 0i } +} +The fourth group make good values for the @Code "atleft" and +@Code "atright" options of @Code { matrix }: +@ID @OneRow @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { right } w {@LCodeWidth} @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell | + @Cell indent { right } @Code C | @Cell D | @Cell | + @Cell indent { right } @Code E | @Cell F | @Cell | + @Cell indent { right } @Code G | @Cell mr { 0i } H } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + strut { 1.2f } + A { "lpar" } B { @Math { lpar } } + C { "rpar" } D { @Math { rpar } } + E { "lbrack" } F { @Math { lbrack } } + G { "rbrack" } H { @Math { rbrack } } +@Rowa + strut { 1.2f } + A { "lbrace" } B { @Math { lbrace } } + C { "rbrace" } D { @Math { rbrace } } + E { "lfloor" } F { @Math { lfloor } } + G { "rfloor" } H { @Math { rfloor } } +@Rowa + strut { 1.2f } + A { "lceil" } B { @Math { lceil } } + C { "rceil" } D { @Math { rceil } } + E { "langle" } F { @Math { langle } } + G { "rangle" } H { @Math { rangle } } +@Rowa + strut { 3.5f } + A { "blpar" } B { @Math { blpar } } + C { "brpar" } D { @Math { brpar } } + E { "blbrack" } F { @Math { blbrack } } + G { "brbrack" } H { @Math { brbrack } } +@Rowa + strut { 3.5f } + A { "blbrace" } B { @Math { blbrace } } + C { "brbrace" } D { @Math { brbrace } } + E { "blfloor" } F { @Math { blfloor } } + G { "brfloor" } H { @Math { brfloor } } +@Rowa + strut { 3.5f } + A { "blceil" } B { @Math { blceil } } + C { "brceil" } D { @Math { brceil } } + E { "blangle" } F { @Math { blangle } } + G { "brangle" } H { @Math { brangle } } + mb { 0i } +} +The last group is miscellaneous: +@DP +@RID @OneRow @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} w {@LCodeWidth} @Code A | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "hbar" } B { @Math { hbar } } + C { "Re" } D { @Math { Re } } + E { "Im" } F { @Math { Im } } +@Rowa + A { "partial" } B { @Math { partial } } + C { "infty" } D { @Math { infty } } + E { "prime" } F { @Math { prime } } +@Rowa + A { "nabla" } B { @Math { nabla } } + C { "surd" } D { @Math { surd } } + E { "top" } F { @Math { top } } +@Rowa + A { "bot" } B { @Math { bot } } + C { "dbar" } D { @Math { dbar } } + E { "triangle" } F { @Math { triangle } } +@Rowa + A { "backslash" } B { @Math { backslash } } + C { "forall" } D { @Math { forall } } + E { "exists" } F { @Math { exists } } +@Rowa + A { "neg" } B { @Math { neg } } + C { "circle" } D { @Math { circle } } + E { "filledcircle" } F { @Math { filledcircle } } +@Rowa + A { "square" } B { @Math { square } } + C { "ldots" } D { @Math { ldots } } + E { "cdots" } F { @Math { cdots } } +@Rowa + A { "vdots" } B { @Math { vdots } } + C { "ddots" } D { @Math { ddots } } + E { "del" } F { @Math { del } } +@Rowa + A { "grad" } B { @Math { grad } } + C { "..." } D { @Math { ... } } + E { ",...," } F { @Math { ,..., } } +@Rowa + A { "'" } B { @Math { ' } } + C { "''" } D { @Math { '' } } + E { "'''" } F { @Math { ''' } } +@Rowa + A { "''''" } B { @Math { '''' } } + C { "empty" } D { @Math { empty } } + E { "triangleup" } F { @Math { triangleup } } +@Rowa + A { "triangledown" } B { @Math { triangledown } } + C { "half" } D { @Math { half } } + E { "third" } F { @Math { third } } + mb { 0i } +} +@End @SubSection + +@SubSection + @Title { Variable-building symbols } +@Begin +@LP +Under this category are symbols that are mainly used to build +mathematics.variablebuilding. @SubIndex { variable-building symbols } +variablebuilding. @Index { variable-building symbols (mathematics) } +variables. However, as usual in Lout, the objects they link +together may in fact be arbitrary. First we have symbols that +place a mark over or under an object: +mathematics.dot. @SubIndex { @Code "dot" symbol } +dot. @Index { @Code "dot" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.dotdot. @SubIndex { @Code "dotdot" symbol } +dotdot. @Index { @Code "dotdot" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.hat. @SubIndex { @Code "hat" symbol } +hat. @Index { @Code "hat" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.tilde. @SubIndex { @Code "tilde" symbol } +tilde. @Index { @Code "tilde" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.vec. @SubIndex { @Code "vec" symbol } +vec. @Index { @Code "vec" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.dyad. @SubIndex { @Code "dyad" symbol } +dyad. @Index { @Code "dyad" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.overbar. @SubIndex { @Code "overbar" symbol } +overbar. @Index { @Code "overbar" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.underbar. @SubIndex { @Code "underbar" symbol } +underbar. @Index { @Code "underbar" symbol (mathematics) } +@ID @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "x dot" } B { @Math { x dot } } + C { "x dotdot" } D { @Math { x dotdot } } + E { "x hat" } F { @Math { x hat } } +@Rowa + A { "x tilde" } B { @Math { x tilde } } + C { "x vec" } D { @Math { x vec } } + E { "x dyad" } F { @Math { x dyad } } +@Rowa + A { "{x + y} overbar" } B { @Math { {x + y} overbar } } + C { "{x + y} underbar" } D { @Math { {x + y} underbar } } + mb { 0i } +} +These marks are centred, with a small skew to allow for italic +slant, except the last two which are extended to the width of +the object. +@PP +The remaining variable-building symbols produce superscripts and +subscripts: +# These differ in appearance depending on the style, +mathematics.sup. @SubIndex { @Code "sup" symbol } +sup. @Index { @Code "sup" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.sub. @SubIndex { @Code "sub" symbol } +sub. @Index { @Code "sub" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.tsub. @SubIndex { @Code "tsub" symbol } +tsub. @Index { @Code "tsub" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.supp. @SubIndex { @Code "supp" symbol } +supp. @Index { @Code "supp" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.on. @SubIndex { @Code "on" symbol } +on. @Index { @Code "on" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.ton. @SubIndex { @Code "ton" symbol } +ton. @Index { @Code "ton" symbol (mathematics) } +so the results are shown in both display and text style: +@ID @Tbl + mv { 0.6vx } + # aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell C | @Cell | + # @Cell indent {right} @Code D | @Cell E | @Cell F | @Cell | + # @Cell indent {right} @Code G | @Cell H | @Cell mr {0i} I } + aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell | + @Cell indent {right} @Code D | @Cell E | @Cell | + @Cell indent {right} @Code G | @Cell mr {0i} H } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "x sup y" } B { @Math { x sup y } } C { @M { x sup y } } + D { "x sub y" } E { @Math { x sub y } } F { @M { x sub y } } + G { "W tsub y" } H { @Math { W tsub y } } I { @M { W tsub y } } +@Rowa + A { "x supp y on z" } B { @Math {x supp y on z } } C { @M {x supp y on z } } + D { "W supp y ton z" } E { @Math {W supp y ton z} } F { @M {W supp y ton z} } + mb { 0i } +} +The @Code "supp" and @Code "on" (or {@Code "ton"}) symbols must be +used together as shown; @Code "tsub" and @Code "ton" are exactly like +@Code "sub" and @Code "on" except that the subscript is tucked in. +@End @SubSection + +@SubSection + @Title { Large operator symbols } +@Begin +@LP +Large operator symbols have @Code "from" and @Code "to" +mathematics.large.operators. @SubIndex { large operators } +large.operators. @Index { large operators (mathematics) } +options which work as described for the @Code "sum" symbol +in Section {@NumberOf mat_comm}. Here they all are, with +their results in both display style and text style: +@CD @OneRow @Tbl + mv { 0.7vx } + strut { 2.5f } + aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell C | @Cell | + @Cell indent {right} @Code D | @Cell E | @Cell mr {0i} F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "sum from { a } to { b } x" } + B { @Math { sum from { a } to { b } x } } + C { @M { sum from { a } to { b } x } } + D { "prod from { a } to { b } x" } + E { @Math { prod from { a } to { b } x } } + F { @M { prod from { a } to { b } x } } +@Rowa + A { "coprod from { a } to { b } x" } + B { @Math { coprod from { a } to { b } x } } + C { @M { coprod from { a } to { b } x } } + D { "bcap from { a } to { b } x" } + E { @Math { bcap from { a } to { b } x } } + F { @M { bcap from { a } to { b } x } } +@Rowa + A { "bcup from { a } to { b } x" } + B { @Math { bcup from { a } to { b } x } } + C { @M { bcup from { a } to { b } x } } + D { "bvee from { a } to { b } x" } + E { @Math { bvee from { a } to { b } x } } + F { @M { bvee from { a } to { b } x } } +@Rowa + A { "bwedge from { a } to { b } x" } + B { @Math { bwedge from { a } to { b } x } } + C { @M { bwedge from { a } to { b } x } } + D { "bodot from { a } to { b } x" } + E { @Math { bodot from { a } to { b } x } } + F { @M { bodot from { a } to { b } x } } +@Rowa + A { "botimes from { a } to { b } x" } + B { @Math { botimes from { a } to { b } x } } + C { @M { botimes from { a } to { b } x } } + D { "boplus from { a } to { b } x" } + E { @Math { boplus from { a } to { b } x } } + F { @M { boplus from { a } to { b } x } } +@Rowa + A { "buplus from { a } to { b } x" } + B { @Math { buplus from { a } to { b } x } } + C { @M { buplus from { a } to { b } x } } + D { "int from { a } to { b } x" } + E { @Math { int from { a } to { b } x } } + F { @M { int from { a } to { b } x } } +@Rowa + A { "oint from { a } to { b } x" } + B { @Math { oint from { a } to { b } x } } + C { @M { oint from { a } to { b } x } } + mb { 0i } +} +All these symbols also have a @Code "limits" option; when set to +@Code "yes" it causes the limits to be shown above and below the +symbol, when @Code "no" it causes them to be shown as superscripts and +subscripts, and when omitted it defaults to @Code "yes" in display style +and @Code "no" otherwise, except for integrals, where the default is +uniformly @Code "no" as required by mathematical convention. +@PP +The @Code "largeop" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated +mathematics.largeop. @SubIndex { @Code "largeop" symbol } +largeop. @Index { @Code "largeop" symbol (mathematics) } +options which work as described for the @Code "sum" symbol +as a large operator: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { largeop symbol { diamond } from { a } to { b } x } +|10ct +@Math { largeop symbol { diamond } from { a } to { b } x } +} +In addition to {@Code "limits"}, {@Code "from"}, and {@Code "to"} +options, @Code "largeop" has a @Code "symbol" option holding the +object to be made into a large operator. In display style, this +object is enlarged using the @Code "big" helper function. +@End @SubSection + +@SubSection + @Title { Unary operator symbols } +@Begin +@LP +This category mainly contains symbols that take one object on the right +mathematics.unaryoperator. @SubIndex { unary operators } +unaryoperator. @Index { unary operators (mathematics) } +and transform it. +@IL + +@LI { +@Code "sqrt {x over y}" +|7ct +@Math { sqrt {x over y} } +mathematics.sqrt. @SubIndex { @Code "sqrt" symbol } +sqrt. @Index { @Code "sqrt" symbol (mathematics) } +} + +@LI { +@Code "3 root {x over y}" +|7ct +@Math { 3 root {x over y} } +mathematics.root @SubIndex { @Code "root" symbol } +root.mathematics @Index { @Code "root" symbol (mathematics) } +} + +@LI { +@Code @Verbatim { matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { x } } +|7ct @Math { matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { x } } +} + +@EL +As usual, any object may appear to the left of {@Code "root"}. +The @Code "matrix" symbol produces matrices, as explained in +detail in Section {@NumberOf matrices}. Its following object +must be enclosed in braces. +@PP +There are symbols which produce `matrices' with commonly needed +@Code atleft and @Code atright options already set for you. Here are +these symbols, on the left, with the equivalent @Code matrix symbol +and, on the right, the result produced: +@ID @Tbl + aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @Code A | @Cell | @Cell @Code B | + @Cell | @Cell mr { 0i } C } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "pmatrix { M }" } + B { "matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { M }" } + C { @Math { pmatrix { M } } +mathematics.pmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "pmatrix" symbol } +pmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "pmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } +} +@Rowa + A { "bmatrix { M }" } + B { "matrix atleft { blbrack } atright { brbrack } { M }" } + C { @Math { bmatrix { M } } +mathematics.bmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "bmatrix" symbol } +bmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "bmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } +} +@Rowa + A { "brmatrix { M }" } + B { "matrix atleft { blbrace } atright { brbrace } { M }" } + C { @Math { brmatrix { M } } +mathematics.brmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "brmatrix" symbol } +brmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "brmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } +} +@Rowa + A { "fmatrix { M }" } + B { "matrix atleft { blfloor } atright { brfloor } { M }" } + C { @Math { fmatrix { M } } +mathematics.fmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "fmatrix" symbol } +fmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "fmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } +} +@Rowa + A { "cmatrix { M }" } + B { "matrix atleft { blceil } atright { brceil } { M }" } + C { @Math { cmatrix { M } } +mathematics.cmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "cmatrix" symbol } +cmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "cmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } +} +@Rowa + A { "amatrix { M }" } + B { "matrix atleft { blangle } atright { brangle } { M }" } + C { @Math { amatrix { M } } +mathematics.amatrix @SubIndex { @Code "amatrix" symbol } +amatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "amatrix" symbol (mathematics) } +} + mb { 0i } +} +These are very useful for getting large scaled delimiters around things +that aren't necessarily matrices at all. +@End @SubSection + +@SubSection + @Title { Binary operator symbols } +@Begin +@LP +The symbols in this category take an object on the left and on +mathematics.binary.operators. @SubIndex { binary operators } +binary.operators. @Index { binary operators (mathematics) } +the right. The first two produce built-up fractions: +mathematics.over. @SubIndex { @Code "over" symbol } +over. @Index { @Code "over" symbol (mathematics) } +mathematics.frac @SubIndex { @Code "frac" symbol } +frac.mathematics @Index { @Code "frac" symbol (mathematics) } +@ID @Tbl + aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { right } @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell | + @Cell indent { right } @Code C | @Cell mr { 0i } D } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "x over y" } B { @Math { x over y } } + C { "x frac y" } D { @Math { x frac y } } + mb { 0i } +} +The remaining binary operator symbols print the objects to the +left and right separated by the operator with a medium-width +space on each side. Most have precedence 80, but a few (those +representing multiplication and division operations) have higher +precedence in accordance with mathematical convention. Here is +the full list of these operators: +@ID @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "x + y" } B { @Math { x + y } } + C { "x - y" } D { @Math { x - y } } + E { "x +- y" } F { @Math { x +- y } } +@Rowa + A { "x -+ y" } B { @Math { x -+ y } } + C { "x setminus y" } D { @Math { x setminus y } } + E { "x cdot y" } F { @Math { x cdot y } } +@Rowa + A { "x times y" } B { @Math { x times y } } + C { "x * y" } D { @Math { x * y } } + E { "x circ y" } F { @Math { x circ y } } +@Rowa + A { "x div y" } B { @Math { x div y } } + C { "x cap y" } D { @Math { x cap y } } + E { "x cup y" } F { @Math { x cup y } } +@Rowa + A { "x uplus y" } B { @Math { x uplus y } } + C { "x sqcap y" } D { @Math { x sqcap y } } + E { "x sqcup y" } F { @Math { x sqcup y } } +@Rowa + A { "x triangleleft y" } B { @Math { x triangleleft y } } + C { "x triangleright y" } D { @Math { x triangleright y } } + E { "x wr y" } F { @Math { x wr y } } +@Rowa + A { "x bigcirc y" } B { @Math { x bigcirc y } } + C { "x bigtriangleup y" } D { @Math { x bigtriangleup y } } + E { { 0.85 1.0 } @Scale "x bigtriangledown y" } + F { @Math { x bigtriangledown y } } +@Rowa + A { "x vee y" } B { @Math { x vee y } } + C { "x wedge y" } D { @Math { x wedge y } } + E { "x oplus y" } F { @Math { x oplus y } } +@Rowa + A { "x ominus y" } B { @Math { x ominus y } } + C { "x otimes y" } D { @Math { x otimes y } } + E { "x oslash y" } F { @Math { x oslash y } } +@Rowa + A { "x odot y" } B { @Math { x odot y } } + C { "x dagger y" } D { @Math { x dagger y } } + E { "x daggerdbl y" } F { @Math { x daggerdbl y } } +@Rowa + A { "x amalg y" } B { @Math { x amalg y } } + mb { 0i } +} +The @Code "bin" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated +mathematics.bin @SubIndex { @Code "bin" symbol } +bin.mathematics @Index { @Code "bin" symbol (mathematics) } +as a binary operator: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { x bin op { diamond } y } +|7ct +@Math { x bin op { diamond } y } +} +The @Code "op" option following @Code "bin" contains the object +to be treated as a binary operator; its two parameters precede +and follow @Code "bin" as usual. +@End @SubSection + +@SubSection + @Title { Relation symbols } +@Begin +@LP +These symbols represent relations. They take an object on +mathematics.relation. @SubIndex { relation symbols } +relation.symbols. @Index { relation symbols (mathematics) } +the left and on the right, and print them separated by the +relation symbol, with a slightly wider space on each side than +is used for binary operators. They have lower precedence than +binary operators, in accordance with mathematical convention. Here +is the full list of these relations: +@ID @Tbl + mv { 0.5vx } + aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "x < y" } B { @Math { x < y } } + C { "x > y" } D { @Math { x > y } } + E { "x = y" } F { @Math { x = y } } +@Rowa + A { "x <= y" } B { @Math { x <= y } } + C { "x prec y" } D { @Math { x prec y } } + E { "x preceq y" } F { @Math { x preceq y } } +@Rowa + A { "x << y" } B { @Math { x << y } } + C { "x subset y" } D { @Math { x subset y } } + E { "x subseteq y" } F { @Math { x subseteq y } } +@Rowa + A { "x sqsubseteq y" } B { @Math { x sqsubseteq y } } + C { "x in y" } D { @Math { x in y } } + E { "x vdash y" } F { @Math { x vdash y } } +@Rowa + A { "x smile y" } B { @Math { x smile y } } + C { "x frown y" } D { @Math { x frown y } } + E { "x >= y" } F { @Math { x >= y } } +@Rowa + A { "x succ y" } B { @Math { x succ y } } + C { "x succeq y" } D { @Math { x succeq y } } + E { "x >> y" } F { @Math { x >> y } } +@Rowa + A { "x supset y" } B { @Math { x supset y } } + C { "x supseteq y" } D { @Math { x supseteq y } } + E { "x sqsupseteq y" } F { @Math { x sqsupseteq y } } +@Rowa + A { "x ni y" } B { @Math { x ni y } } + C { "x dashv y" } D { @Math { x dashv y } } + E { "x mid y" } F { @Math { x mid y } } +@Rowa + A { "x parallel y" } B { @Math { x parallel y } } + C { "x == y" } D { @Math { x == y } } + E { "x ~ y" } F { @Math { x ~ y } } +@Rowa + A { "x -~ y" } B { @Math { x -~ y } } + C { "x asymp y" } D { @Math { x asymp y } } + E { "x ~~ y" } F { @Math { x ~~ y } } +@Rowa + A { "x =~ y" } B { @Math { x =~ y } } + C { "x bowtie y" } D { @Math { x bowtie y } } + E { "x propto y" } F { @Math { x propto y } } +@Rowa + A { "x models y" } B { @Math { x models y } } + C { "x trieq y" } D { @Math { x trieq y } } + E { "x doteq y" } F { @Math { x doteq y } } +@Rowa + A { "x perp y" } B { @Math { x perp y } } + C { "x notsub y" } D { @Math { x notsub y } } + E { "x notin y" } F { @Math { x notin y } } +@Rowa + A { "x != y" } B { @Math { x != y } } + C { "x <-> y" } D { @Math { x <-> y } } + E { "x <-- y" } F { @Math { x <-- y } } +@Rowa + A { "x --> y" } B { @Math { x --> y } } + C { "x up y" } D { @Math { x up y } } + E { "x down y" } F { @Math { x down y } } +@Rowa + A { "x <=> y" } B { @Math { x <=> y } } + C { "x <== y" } D { @Math { x <== y } } + E { "x ==> y" } F { @Math { x ==> y } } +@Rowa + A { "x dblup y" } B { @Math { x dblup y } } + C { "x dbldown y" } D { @Math { x dbldown y } } + E { "x : y" } F { @Math { x : y } } +@Rowa + A { "x :: y" } B { @Math { x :: y } } + C { "x := y" } D { @Math { x := y } } + mb { 0i } +} +All of these symbols have a @Code "neg" option which, when set +to {@Code "yes"}, causes a slash to overstrike the relation +symbol: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { x ==> neg { yes } y } +|7ct +@Math { x ==> neg { yes } y } +} +The slash is horizontally centred over the relation symbol, +which is not always best. +@PP +The @Code "rel" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated +mathematics.rel @SubIndex { @Code "rel" symbol } +rel.mathematics @Index { @Code "rel" symbol (mathematics) } +as a relation: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { x rel op { diamond } y } +|7ct +@Math { x rel op { diamond } y } +} +The @Code "op" option following @Code "rel" contains the object +to be treated as a relation; @Code "rel" also has the @Code "neg" +option, plus the left and right parameters as usual. +@End @SubSection + +@SubSection + @Title { Punctuation symbols } +@Begin +@LP +These symbols represent punctuation. They take an object on +mathematics.punctuation. @SubIndex { punctuation symbols } +punctuation.mathematics @Index { punctuation symbols (mathematics) } +the left and on the right, and print them separated by the +punctuation symbol, with no space to the left and a thin +space to the right. Here is the full list of these symbols: +@ID @Tbl + aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | + @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | + @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } +{ +@Rowa + ma { 0i } + A { "x ; y" } B { @Math { x ; y } } + C { "x , y" } D { @Math { x , y } } + E { "x col y" } F { @Math { x col y } } + mb { 0i } +} +The @Code "punct" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated +mathematics.punct @SubIndex { @Code "punct" symbol } +punct.mathematics @Index { @Code "punct" symbol (mathematics) } +as punctuation: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { x punct symbol { diamond } y } +|7ct +@Math { x punct symbol { diamond } y } +} +The @Code "symbol" option following @Code "punct" contains the object +to be treated as punctuation; its two parameters precede and follow +@Code "punct" as usual. +@End @SubSection + +@EndSubSections +@End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/mybook b/doc/user/mybook new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e17cb7a --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/mybook @@ -0,0 +1,540 @@ +############################################################################### +# # +# Lout setup file for books # +# # +# Jeffrey H. Kingston # +# # +############################################################################### + + +############################################################################### +# # +# @SysInclude commands for standard packages. # +# # +############################################################################### + + @SysInclude { langdefs } # language definitions + @SysInclude { bsf } # BasicSetup package + @SysInclude { dsf } # DocumentSetup package + @SysInclude { bookf } # BookSetup extension + + +############################################################################### +# # +# @Include command for reading personal definitions from current directory. # +# # +############################################################################### + + @Include { mydefs } + +############################################################################### +# # +# The @BasicSetup @Use clause - basics, lists, paragraphs, displays. # +# # +# To change the default value of any option, delete the # at the start of # +# its line and change the value between braces. # +# # +############################################################################### + +@Use { @BasicSetup + # @InitialFont { Times Base 12p } # initial font + # @InitialBreak {{adjust 1.2fx hyphen} @OrIfPlain {ragged 1fx nohyphen}} + # @InitialOutdent { 2f @OrIfPlain 4s } # initial outdent + # @InitialSpace { lout } # initial space style + # @InitialLanguage { English } # initial language + # @InitialColour { black } # initial colour + # @InitialBackgroundColour { white } # initial background colour + # @OptimizePages { No } # optimize page breaks? + # @HeadingFont { Bold } # font for @Heading + # @FixedWidthFont { Courier Base -1p } # font for @F + # @ParaGap { 1.3vx @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between paragraphs + # @ParaIndent { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # first-line indent for @PP + # @DisplayGap { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap above, below displays + # @DisplayIndent { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # @IndentedDisplay indent + # @DefaultIndent { 0.5rt } # @Display indent + # @DisplayNumStyle { (num) } # style of display numbers + # @WideIndent { 4.00f @OrIfPlain 10s } # @WideTaggedList indent + # @VeryWideIndent { 8.00f @OrIfPlain 20s } # @VeryWideTaggedList indent + # @ListOuterGap { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap before, after lists + # @ListGap { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between list items + # @ListIndent { 0s } # indent of list items + # @ListRightIndent { 0s } # right indent of list items + # @ListLabelWidth { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # width allowed for list tags + # @ListLabelRight { No } # right-adjust list labels + # @ListLabelRightGap { 2s } # gap when right-adjusting + # @ListFont { } # font of list items + # @ListBreak { } # break style of list items + # @NumberSeparator { . } # separates nums like 2.3.7 + # @CrossLinkFormat { @Body } # format of cross links + # @ExternalLinkFormat { @Body } # format of external links +} + + +############################################################################### +# # +# The @DocumentSetup @Use clause - page layout plus figures, tables, etc. # +# # +# To change the default value of any option, delete the # at the start of # +# its line and change the value between braces. # +# # +############################################################################### + +@Use { @DocumentSetup + # @PageType { A4 @OrIfPlain Other} # page type (width, height) + # @PageWidth { 80s } # page width if type Other + # @PageHeight { 66f } # page height if type Other + # @PageOrientation { Portrait } # Portrait, Landscape, etc. + # @PageBackground { } # background of each page + # @TopMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 6f } # top margin of all pages + # @FootMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 6f } # bottom margin of all pages + # @OddLeftMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # left margin of odd pages + # @OddRightMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # right margin of odd pages + # @EvenLeftMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # left margin of even pages + # @EvenRightMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # right margin of even pages + # @OddLeftBodyMargin { 0c } # extra margin for page body + # @OddRightBodyMargin { 0c } # extra margin for page body + # @EvenLeftBodyMargin { 0c } # extra margin for page body + # @EvenRightBodyMargin{ 0c } # extra margin for page body + # @PageBoxType { None } # None Box CurveBox ShadowBox + # @PageBoxMargin { 1.00c } # page box margin + # @PageBoxLineWidth { } # page box line thickness + # @PageBoxPaint { none } # page box paint + # @PageBoxShadow { 0.60c } # shadow margin if ShadowBox + # @PageEnclose { @Body } # enclose every page in this + # @ColumnNumber { 1 } # number of columns (1 to 10) + # @ColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # column gap + + # @FigureLocation { PageTop } # default figure location + # @FigureFormat { @CC @Body } # default figure format + # @FigureWord { figure } # "Figure" word else anything + # @FigureNumbers { Arabic } # method of numbering figures + # @FigureCaptionPos { Below } # Above or Below + # @FigureCaptionFont { -2p } # figure caption font + # @FigureCaptionBreak { adjust hyphen 1.2fx } # figure caption break + # @FigureCaptionFormat{ {@B { word @NumSep number. &2s }} @Insert caption } + # @MakeFigureContents { No } # list of figures at start + + # @TableLocation { PageTop } # default table location + # @TableFormat { @CC @Body } # default table format + # @TableWord { table } # "Table" word else anything + # @TableNumbers { Arabic } # method of numbering tables + # @TableCaptionPos { Below } # Above or Below + # @TableCaptionFont { -2p } # table caption font + # @TableCaptionBreak { adjust hyphen 1.2fx } # table caption break + # @TableCaptionFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number. &2s }} @Insert caption } + # @MakeTableContents { No } # list of tables at start + + # @FloaterLocation { PageTop } # default floater location + # @FloaterFormat { @CC @Body } # default floater format + # @FloaterWord { floater } # "Floater" word else anything + # @FloaterNumbers { Arabic } # method of numbering floaters + # @FloaterCaptionPos { Below } # Above or Below + # @FloaterCaptionFont { -2p } # floater caption font + # @FloaterCaptionBreak{ adjust hyphen 1.2fx } # floater caption break + # @FloaterCaptionFormat{ {@B { word @NumSep number. &2s }} @Insert caption } + # @MakeFloaterContents{ No } # list of floaters at start + + # @MakeContents { No } # make contents? Yes or No + @MakeContents { Yes } # make contents? Yes or No + # @ContentsGap { 0.20v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap above minor entry + # @ContentsGapAbove { 0.80v @OrIfPlain 1f } # extra gap above major entry + # @ContentsGapBelow { 0.00v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap below major entry + # @ContentsFont { Bold } # font for major entry + # @ContentsPartGapAbove { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # extra gap above `part' entry + # @ContentsPartGapBelow { 0.00v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap below `part' entry + # @ContentsFormat { number @DotSep title } # contents entry format + # @ContentsLeader { .. } # leader symbol in contents + # @ContentsLeaderGap { 4s @OrIfPlain 2s } # gap between leaders + # @ContentsRightWidth { 3f @OrIfPlain 6s } # page numbers column width + + # @MakeReferences { Yes } # make references? Yes or No + # @RefCiteStyle { [cite] } # citation style + # @RefCiteLabels { @RefNum } # citation items + # @RefNumbers { Arabic } # reference numbers + # @RefListFormat { Labels } # NoLabels, Labels, etc. + # @RefListLabels { [@RefNum] } # ref list label format + # @RefListTitle { references } # title of reference list + # @ChapRefListTitle { references } # title of chapter ref list + # @RefListIndent { 0s } # indent to left of labels + # @RefListRightIndent { 0s } # indent to right of items + # @RefListGap { @ListGap } # gap between ref list items + # @RefListFont { } # font used in reference list + # @RefListBreak { } # break style of ref list + # @RefListLabelWidth { @ListLabelWidth } # Labels column width + # @RefListSortKey { @Tag } # sorting key + + # @MakeGlossary { No } # make glossary? Yes or No + # @GlossaryText { @Null } # glossary initial text + # @GlossaryFont { } # glossary entries font + # @GlossaryBreak { } # glossary entries break + # @GlossaryFormat { +3p @Font @S @Name # glossary entries format + # @Right @I { @Word&&page @PageNum } + # @DP @RawIndentedDisplay @Body } + # @GlossaryGap { @DisplayGap } # gap between glossary entries + # @GlossaryColumnNumber{ 2 } # glossary columns (1 to 10) + # @GlossaryColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # glossary column gap + # @InGlossaryFont { smallcaps } # font for @InGlossary + # @InGlossaryFormat { @Body } # format for @InGlossary + + # @MakeIndex { No } # make index? Yes or No + # @MakeIndex { No } # make index? Yes or No + @MakeIndex { Yes } # make index? Yes or No + # @IndexText { @Null } # index initial text + # @IndexFont { } # index entries font + # @IndexBreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break + # @IndexFormat { @Body } # @Index format + # @SubIndexFormat { {1f @Wide}@Body } # @SubIndex format + # @SubSubIndexFormat { {2f @Wide}@Body } # @SubSubIndex format + # @IndexTypeOrdinary { @PageNum } # Ordinary pagenum format + # @IndexTypeMain { @B @PageNum } # Main pagenum format + # @IndexTypeSpecial { @I @PageNum } # Special pagenum format + # @IndexRangeFormat { @From--@To } # index page range format + # @IndexColumnNumber { 2 } # index columns (1 to 10) + # @IndexColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index column gap + # @IndexCtd { Yes } # include (ctd.) lines + # @IndexCtdWord { continued } # "ctd." in current lang. + # @IndexCtdFormat { @Body @I (@CtdWord) } # format of ctd. + # @IndexSpacerAbove { 2v } # space above index spacer + # @IndexSpacerBelow { 1v } # space below index spacer + # @IndexSpacerFont { +3p } # font of index spacer + # @IndexSpacerFormat { @Body } # format of index spacer + + # @MakeIndexA { No } # make index A? Yes or No + # @IndexAText { @Null } # index A initial text + # @IndexAFont { } # index A entries font + # @IndexABreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break + # @IndexAFormat { @Body } # @IndexA format + # @SubIndexAFormat { {1f @Wide}@Body } # @SubIndexA format + # @SubSubIndexAFormat { {2f @Wide}@Body } # @SubSubIndexA format + # @IndexATypeOrdinary { @PageNum } # Ordinary pagenum format + # @IndexATypeMain { @B @PageNum } # Main pagenum format + # @IndexATypeSpecial { @I @PageNum } # Special pagenum format + # @IndexARangeFormat { @From--@To } # index page range format + # @IndexAColumnNumber { 2 } # index A columns (1 to 10) + # @IndexAColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index A column gap + # @IndexACtd { Yes } # include (ctd.) lines + # @IndexACtdWord { continued } # "ctd." in current lang. + # @IndexACtdFormat { @Body @I (@CtdWord) } # format of ctd. + # @IndexASpacerAbove { 2v } # space above index A spacer + # @IndexASpacerBelow { 1v } # space below index A spacer + # @IndexASpacerFont { +3p } # font of index A spacer + # @IndexASpacerFormat { @Body } # format of index A spacer + + # @MakeIndexB { No } # make index B? Yes or No + # @IndexBText { @Null } # index B initial text + # @IndexBFont { } # index B entries font + # @IndexBBreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break + # @IndexBFormat { @Body } # @IndexB format + # @SubIndexBFormat { {1f @Wide}@Body } # @SubIndexB format + # @SubSubIndexBFormat { {2f @Wide}@Body } # @SubSubIndexB format + # @IndexBTypeOrdinary { @PageNum } # Ordinary pagenum format + # @IndexBTypeMain { @B @PageNum } # Main pagenum format + # @IndexBTypeSpecial { @I @PageNum } # Special pagenum format + # @IndexBRangeFormat { @From--@To } # index page range format + # @IndexBColumnNumber { 2 } # index B columns (1 to 10) + # @IndexBColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index B column gap + # @IndexBCtd { Yes } # include (ctd.) lines + # @IndexBCtdWord { continued } # "ctd." in current lang. + # @IndexBCtdFormat { @Body @I (@CtdWord) } # format of ctd. + # @IndexBSpacerAbove { 2v } # space above index B spacer + # @IndexBSpacerBelow { 1v } # space below index B spacer + # @IndexBSpacerFont { +3p } # font of index B spacer + # @IndexBSpacerFormat { @Body } # format of index B spacer + + # @MakeColophon { No } # make colophon? Yes or No + # @ColophonFont { } # font for colophon + # @ColophonBreak { } # break style for colophon + # @ColophonColumnNumber { 1 } # colophon columns (1 to 10) + # @ColophonColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # colophon column gap + + # @TopGap { 0.75c @OrIfPlain 2f } # gap between figures + # @MidGap { 0.75c @OrIfPlain 2f } # gap above/below body text + + # @FootNoteNumbers { Arabic } # footnote numbers + # @FootNoteThrough { No } # numbered through chapter? + # @FootNoteLocation { ColFoot } # where the footnote appears + # @FootNoteFont { 0.80f } # font for footnotes + # @FootNoteBreak { 1.2fx @OrIfPlain 1fx } # break for footnotes + # @FootNoteFormat { { number &0.05f } @Insert body } # footnote format + # @FootLen { 2.00c @OrIfPlain 10s } # length of footnote line + # @FootAboveGap { @DisplayGap } # gap above footnote line + # @FootGap { 0.20c @OrIfPlain 1fx } # gap between footnotes + # @MarginNoteFont { 0.80f } # font of margin notes + # @MarginNoteBreak { ragged 1.10fx } # break style of margin notes + # @MarginNoteHGap { 0.5c } # horizontal gap to notes + # @MarginNoteVGap { @DisplayGap } # min vertical gap between + # @MarginNoteWidth { 1.50c } # width of margin notes + # @EndNoteNumbers { Arabic } # endnote numbers + # @EndNoteFont { 0.80f } # font of endnotes + # @EndNoteBreak { 1.2fx @OrIfPlain 1fx } # break for endnotes + # @EndNoteFormat { { number &0.05f } @Insert body } # endnote format + # @EndNoteGap { 0.20c @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between endnotes + + # @TheoremWord { theorem } # "Theorem" word, etc. + # @TheoremTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present + # @TheoremFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } + # @DefinitionWord { definition } # "Definition" word, etc. + # @DefinitionTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present + # @DefinitionFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } + # @ClaimWord { claim } # "Claim" word, etc. + # @ClaimTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present + # @ClaimFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } + # @PropositionWord { proposition } # "Proposition" word, etc. + # @PropositionTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present + # @PropositionFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } + # @LemmaWord { lemma } # "Lemma" word, etc. + # @LemmaTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present + # @LemmaFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } + # @CorollaryWord { corollary } # "Corollary" word, etc. + # @CorollaryTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present + # @CorollaryFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } + # @ExampleWord { example } # "Example" word, etc. + # @ExampleTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present + # @ExampleFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } + # @ProofWord { proof } # "Proof" word, etc. + + # @PageHeaders { Simple } # None Simple Titles NoTitles + @PageHeaders { Titles } # None Simple Titles NoTitles + # @PageNumbers { Arabic } # page numbers + # @FirstPageNumber { 1 } # number of first page + # @IntroPageNumbers { Roman } # intro page numbers + # @IntroFirstPageNumber{ 1 } # number of first intro page + # @StructPageNums { No } # make structured page numbers + # @PageNumberFormat { number } # format of all page numbers + + # @OddTop { @Centre{- @PageNum -} } # Simple page headers + # @OddFoot { @Null } + # @EvenTop { @Centre{- @PageNum -} } + # @EvenFoot { @Null } + # @StartOddTop { @Null } + # @StartOddFoot { @Null } + # @StartEvenTop { @Null } + # @StartEvenFoot { @Null } + # @IntroOddTop { @Null } + # @IntroOddFoot { @Centre @PageNum } + # @IntroEvenTop { @Null } + # @IntroEvenFoot { @Centre @PageNum } + # @IntroStartOddTop { @Null } + # @IntroStartOddFoot { @Null } + # @IntroStartEvenTop { @Null } + # @IntroStartEvenFoot { @Null } + + # Titles, NoTitles headers + # @RunningOddTop { @I {@MinorNum @DotSep @MinorTitle} @Right @B @PageNum } + # @RunningOddFoot { @Null } + # @RunningEvenTop { @B @PageNum @Right @I {@MajorNum @DotSep @MajorTitle} } + # @RunningEvenFoot { @Null } + # @RunningStartOddTop { @Null } + # @RunningStartOddFoot { @Centre { Bold 0.8f } @Font @PageNum } + # @RunningStartEvenTop { @Null } + # @RunningStartEvenFoot { @Centre { Bold 0.8f } @Font @PageNum } + # @RunningIntroOddTop { @Null } + # @RunningIntroOddFoot { @Right @PageNum } + # @RunningIntroEvenTop { @Null } + # @RunningIntroEvenFoot { @PageNum } + # @RunningIntroStartOddTop { @Null } + # @RunningIntroStartOddFoot { @Null } + # @RunningIntroStartEvenTop { @Null } + # @RunningIntroStartEvenFoot { @Null } +} + + +############################################################################### +# # +# The @BookSetup @Use clause - options specific to books. # +# # +############################################################################### + +@Use { @BookSetup + # @TitlePageFont { Helvetica Base} # title page font (not size) + # @SeparateIntroNumbering { Yes } # separate intro page numbers + # @PrefaceAfterContents { No } # Yes or No + # @ChapterStartPages { Any } # Any, Odd, Even, SamePage + # @ReferencesBeforeAppendices { No } # references before appendices + # @PrefaceWord { preface } # word for "Preface" + # @ContentsWord { contents } # word for "Contents" + # @FigureListWord { figurelist } # word for "List of Figures" + # @TableListWord { tablelist } # word for "List of Tables" + # @FloaterListWord { floaterlist } # word for "List of Floaters" + # @IntroductionWord { introduction } # word for "Introduction" + # @AbbreviationsWord { abbreviations } # word for "Abbreviations" + # @ChapterWord { chapter } # word for "Chapter" + # @AppendixWord { appendix } # word for "Appendix" + # @GlossaryWord { glossary } # word for "Glossary" + # @IndexWord { index } # word for "Index" + # @IndexAWord { index } # word for "Index" (A) + # @IndexBWord { index } # word for "Index" (B) + # @ColophonWord { colophon } # word for "Colophon" + # @SubPrefaceNumbers { None } # kind of sub-preface numbers + # @FirstSubPrefaceNumber { 1 } # first sub-preface number (Arabic) + # @SubIntroductionNumbers { None } # kind of sub-introduction numbers + # @FirstSubIntroductionNumber { 1 } # first sub-introduction number + # @ChapterNumbers { Arabic } # kind of chapter numbers + # @FirstChapterNumber { 1 } # first chapter number (Arabic) + # @SectionNumbers { Arabic } # kind of section numbers + # @FirstSectionNumber { 1 } # first section number (Arabic) + # @SubSectionNumbers { Arabic } # kind of subsection numbers + # @FirstSubSectionNumber { 1 } # first subsect number (Arabic) + # @SubSubSectionNumbers { Arabic } # kind of sub-subs. numbers + # @FirstSubSubSectionNumber { 1 } # first sub-sub number (Arabic) + # @AppendixNumbers { UCAlpha } # kind of appendix numbers + # @FirstAppendixNumber { 1 } # first appendix num (Arabic) + # @SubAppendixNumbers { Arabic } # kind of subappendix numbers + # @FirstSubAppendixNumber { 1 } # first sub-app num (Arabic) + # @SubSubAppendixNumbers { Arabic } # kind of sub-subapp. numbers + # @FirstSubSubAppendixNumber { 1 } # first sub-sub num (Arabic) + # @PartHeadingFont { Helvetica Base 2.50f } # part head font + # @PartHeadingBreak { clines 1.2fx nohyphen } # part head break + # @PartHeadingFormat { @CD number @DP @CD title } # part head format + # @ChapterHeadingFont { Bold 2.00f } # chapter head font + # @ChapterHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # chapter head break + # @ChapterHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # format of chap. head + # @SubPrefaceHeadingFont { Bold } # sub-preface head font + # @SubPrefaceHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # sub-preface head break + # @SubPrefaceHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # format of s.-p. head + # @SubIntroductionHeadingFont { Bold } # sub-intro head font + # @SubIntroductionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen} # sub-intro head break + # @SubIntroductionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title} # format of sub-intro. hd + # @SectionHeadingFont { Bold } # section head font + # @SectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # section head break + # @SectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # section head fmt + # @SubSectionHeadingFont { Bold } # subs. head font + # @SubSectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # subs. head break + # @SubSectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # subs. head fmt + # @SubSubSectionHeadingFont { Slope } # sub-subs. head font + # @SubSubSectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # sub-subs. head break + # @SubSubSectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # sub-subs. head fmt + # @AppendixHeadingFont { Bold 2.00f } # appendix head font + # @AppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # appendix head break + # @AppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # appendix head fmt + # @SubAppendixHeadingFont { Bold } # subapp. head font + # @SubAppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # subapp. head break + # @SubAppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # subapp. head fmt + # @SubSubAppendixHeadingFont { Slope } # sub-suba. head font + # @SubSubAppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # sub-suba. head break + # @SubSubAppendixHeadingFormat{ number @DotSep title } # sub-suba. head fmt + # @AbovePartGap { 4.00f } # gap above part title + # @AboveChapterGap { 3.00f } # above major titles + # @SubPrefaceGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between sub-prefaces + # @SubIntroductionGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between sub-intros + # @SectionGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between sections + # @SubSectionGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between subsects + # @SubSubSectionGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between sub-subs. + # @SubAppendixGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between subappendices + # @SubSubAppendixGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between sub-subapps + # @PrefaceInContents { Yes } # add preface to contents + # @SubPrefaceInContents { No } # add sub-preface to contents + # @AbbreviationsInContents { Yes } # add abbreviations to contents + # @IntroductionInContents { Yes } # add introduction to contents + # @SubIntroductionInContents { No } # add sub-intro to contents + # @PartInContents { Yes } # add parts to contents + # @ChapterInContents { Yes } # add chapters to contents + # @SectionInContents { Yes } # add sections to contents + @SubSectionInContents { No } # add subsections to contents + # @SubSubSectionInContents { No } # add sub-subsects to contents + # @AppendixInContents { Yes } # add appendices to contents + # @SubAppendixInContents { Yes } # add subappendices to contents + # @SubSubAppendixInContents { No } # add sub-subapps to contents + # @ReferencesInContents { Yes } # add ref. section to contents + # @GlossaryInContents { Yes } # add glossary to contents + # @IndexInContents { Yes } # add index to contents + # @IndexAInContents { Yes } # add index A to contents + # @IndexBInContents { Yes } # add index B to contents + # @ColophonInContents { Yes } # add colophon to contents + # @PrefaceContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of preface + # @SubPrefaceContentsIndent { 3f } # indent in contents of sub-preface + # @AbbreviationsContentsIndent{ 0f } # indent in contents of abbreviations + # @IntroductionContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of introduction + # @SubIntroductionContentsIndent { 3f } # indent in contents of sub-intro + # @PartContentsIndent { 0.5rt } # indent in contents of part (dft is ctr) + # @ChapterContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of chapter + # @SectionContentsIndent { 3f } # indent in contents of section + # @SubSectionContentsIndent { 6f } # indent in contents of subsection + # @SubSubSectionContentsIndent{ 9f } # indent in contents of sub-subsection + # @AppendixContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of appendix + # @SubAppendixContentsIndent { 3f } # indent in contents of sub-appendix + # @SubSubAppendixContentsIndent { 6f } # indent in contents of sub-subappendix + # @ReferencesContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of references + # @GlossaryContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of gloassary + # @IndexContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of index + # @IndexAContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of index A + # @IndexBContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of index B + # @ColophonContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of colophon + # @SubPrefaceNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-preface num + # @SubIntroductionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-intro num + # @ChapterNumInTheorems { Yes } # theorem num has chapter num + # @SectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has section num + # @SubSectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has subsect num + # @SubSubSectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-ss. num + # @AppendixNumInTheorems { Yes } # theorem num has appendix num + # @SubAppendixNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-app num + # @SubSubAppendixNumInTheorems{ No } # theorem num has sub-sa. num + # @SubPrefaceNumInDisplays { No } # display num has sub-preface num + # @SubIntroductionNumInDisplays { No } # display num has sub-intro num + # @ChapterNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has chapter num + # @SectionNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has section num + # @SubSectionNumInDisplays { No } # display num has subsect num + # @SubSubSectionNumInDisplays { No } # display num has sub-ss. num + # @AppendixNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has appendix num + # @SubAppendixNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has sub-app num + # @SubSubAppendixNumInDisplays{ No } # display num has sub-sa. num + # @SubPrefaceNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-preface num + # @SubIntroductionumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-intro num + # @ChapterNumInFigures { Yes } # figure num has chapter num + # @SectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has section num + # @SubSectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has subsect num + # @SubSubSectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-ss. num + # @AppendixNumInFigures { Yes } # figure num has appendix num + # @SubAppendixNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-app num + # @SubSubAppendixNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-sa. num + # @SubPrefaceNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-preface num + # @SubIntroductionumInTables { No } # table num has sub-intro num + # @ChapterNumInTables { Yes } # table num has chapter num + # @SectionNumInTables { No } # table num has section num + # @SubSectionNumInTables { No } # table num has subsect num + # @SubSubSectionNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-ss. num + # @AppendixNumInTables { Yes } # table num has appendix num + # @SubAppendixNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-app num + # @SubSubAppendixNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-sa. num + # @SubPrefaceNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has sub-preface num + # @SubIntroductionumInFloaters{ No } # floater num has sub-intro num + # @ChapterNumInFloaters { Yes } # floater num has chapter num + # @SectionNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has section num + # @SubSectionNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has subsect num + # @SubSubSectionNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has sub-ss. num + # @AppendixNumInFloaters { Yes } # floater num has appendix num + # @SubAppendixNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has sub-app num + # @SubSubAppendixNumInFloaters{ No } # floater num has sub-sa. num + # @SubPrefaceNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-preface num + # @SubIntroductionNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-intro num + # @SectionNumInRunners { Yes } # runners have section num + # @SubSectionNumInRunners { No } # runners have subsect num + # @SubSubSectionNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-ss. num + # @SubAppendixNumInRunners { Yes } # runners have sub-app num + # @SubSubAppendixNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-sa. num + # @PrefacePrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @ContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @FigureContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @TableContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @FloaterContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @AbbreviationsPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @IntroductionPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @ChapterPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @AppendixPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @ReferencesPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @GlossaryPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @IndexPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @IndexAPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @IndexBPrefix { } # for structured page nums + # @ColophonPrefix { } # for structured page nums +} + + +############################################################################### +# # +# @Database (and @SysDatabase) clauses go here. # +# # +############################################################################### + +@SysDatabase @FontDef { fontdefs } # font definitions +@SysDatabase @RefStyle { refstyle } # reference printing styles diff --git a/doc/user/mydefs b/doc/user/mydefs index 6a74278..1ec1678 100644 --- a/doc/user/mydefs +++ b/doc/user/mydefs @@ -107,18 +107,22 @@ } } - import @Eq + import @Math def epi { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i } - import @Eq + import @Math def ep right x { p sub x ` log sub 2 ` p sub x } - def @Dbl left x right y - { 1.95i @Wide - { 1.25i @Wide { |1rt @Code x } |0.2i @Eq {non y} } - } +# def @Dbl left x right y +# { 1.95i @Wide +# { 1.25i @Wide { |1rt @Code x } |0.2i @Eq {non y} } +# } - import @Eq + def @LCodeWidth { 3.5c } + def @CodeWidth { 4.0c } + def @ResultWidth { 1.6c } + + import @Math def @ExA { 1 over sqrt { 1 - 4 x sup 2 } } def @@Diag { @Code "@Diag" } diff --git a/doc/user/preface b/doc/user/preface index 09e54bf..b3face6 100644 --- a/doc/user/preface +++ b/doc/user/preface @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ gnu. @Index { GNU Public License } primary source is directory @ID @Code "ftp://ftp.it.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout" containing a gzipped tar file of the current version -(currently {@Code "lout-3.36.tar.gz"}), and various other things including +(currently {@Code "lout-3.37.tar.gz"}), and various other things including a PostScript version of this guide. The distribution contains source code, libraries, documentation, license, and installation instructions. @PP @@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ Lout. To subscribe (or unsubscribe), visit @ID @Code "http://lists.planix.com/mailman/options.cgi/lout-users/" After subscribing, to post an item send email to {@Code "lout-users@lists.planix.com"}; it will be forwarded to all -subscribers via email. +subscribers via email. There is also a Lout web +site at {@Code "http://lout.wiki.sourceforge.net/"}. @PP Lout began in 1984 as a research project into the design of a high-level language for document formatting. At that time my name for the subject diff --git a/doc/user/prg b/doc/user/prg index 8643d6b..11d4b7d 100644 --- a/doc/user/prg +++ b/doc/user/prg @@ -6,29 +6,10 @@ This chapter describes how to typeset computer program text using Lout programs. @Index { programs } computer.programs. @RawIndex { computer programs @I see programs } -in conjunction with the @Code prg2lout +along with the @Code prg2lout prg2lout. @Index { @Code prg2lout filter program } filter program, which is always installed wherever Lout is. -# @FootNote { -# Prior to Version 3.18 of Lout, this chapter described how to typeset -# programs written in the C programming language using the -# @Code c2lout filter, and Eiffel programs using the @Code eif2lout -# filter. These have now been withdrawn and replaced by {@Code prg2lout}, -# which handles multiple languages. Ordinary Lout documents require no -# modifications as a result of this change. -# } -@PP -It is possible to simply print out one or more program files independently -of any document. Alternatively, the program text may be printed as part of -a larger Lout document. Either way, Lout does not lay out the programs in -the sense of choosing line breaks and indenting; it uses whatever line -breaks and indenting you give to the program. What Lout does do is cope -with characters in the program text that it would ordinarily either reject -or interpret in some way (braces and so on), ensuring that you can include -program texts with absolutely no modifications; plus, if you wish, Lout -will print keywords in bold, identifiers in italics, add line numbers, etc. -@PP -At the time of writing, the available programming languages are: +The available languages are: blue. @Index { Blue program printing } c. @Index { C and C++ program printing } eiffel. @Index { Eiffel program printing } @@ -127,12 +108,29 @@ way to make comments. Whenever we mention C from now on, we mean both C and C++. See Section {@NumberOf prg_perl} for more on Perl and its handmaiden Pod. The second to fifth columns of this table will be explained at various points later in this chapter. +# @FootNote { +# Prior to Version 3.18 of Lout, this chapter described how to typeset +# programs written in the C programming language using the +# @Code c2lout filter, and Eiffel programs using the @Code eif2lout +# filter. These have now been withdrawn and replaced by {@Code prg2lout}, +# which handles multiple languages. Ordinary Lout documents require no +# modifications as a result of this change. +# } +@PP +It is possible to simply print out one or more program files independently +of any document. Alternatively, the program text may be printed as part of +a larger Lout document. Either way, Lout does not lay out the programs in +the sense of choosing line breaks and indenting; it uses whatever line +breaks and indenting you give to the program. What Lout does do is cope +with characters in the program text that it would ordinarily either reject +or interpret in some way (braces and so on), ensuring that you can include +program texts with absolutely no modifications; plus, if you wish, Lout +will print keywords in bold, identifiers in italics, add line numbers, etc. @PP -The list of languages is likely to expand, because the @Code "prg2lout" -program has been designed to make it relatively easy to add new languages -(you don't have to write executable code, just declare a lot of records -describing your language). Consult the instructions at the top of the -source file of that program ({@I prg2lout.c}) if you want to try it yourself. +It is relatively easy to add new languages, since you don't have to write +executable code, just declare a lot of records describing your language. +Consult the instructions at the top of file {@I prg2lout.c} if you want +to try it yourself. @BeginSections @Include { prg_lone } @Include { prg_embe } diff --git a/doc/user/prg_embe b/doc/user/prg_embe index 37a5dd2..3228426 100644 --- a/doc/user/prg_embe +++ b/doc/user/prg_embe @@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ appropriate to your language, like this: @ID @OneRow @Code { "@SysInclude { cprint }" "@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" } The @Code cprint setup file includes everything needed to set up for C program formatting; for the other languages, consult the second column @@ -24,8 +21,7 @@ this for the C language: @IndentedDisplay @CP { #include <stdio.h> -treeprint(p) /* print tree p recursively */ -struct tnode *p; +treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ { if (p != NULL) { treeprint(p->left); @@ -42,8 +38,7 @@ modifications. The result is @ID @OneRow @CP { #include <stdio.h> -treeprint(p) /* print tree p recursively */ -struct tnode *p; +treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ { if (p != NULL) { treeprint(p->left); @@ -56,9 +51,21 @@ We have chosen to use the @Code "@IndentedDisplay" symbol from Section {@NumberOf displays} to obtain an indented display, but in fact {@Code "@CP"}, {@Code "@Eiffel"} and the rest may appear anywhere at all: the result is an object in the usual way, which may go -anywhere. When including a program text within a paragraph, use -@Code "@OneCol @CP { ... }" (or @Code "@OneCol @Eiffel { ... }" etc. for -other languages) to prevent it being broken across two lines, if desired. +anywhere. +@PP +It is quite normal to include fragments of programs, particularly +identifiers, within paragraphs; this is done in the obvious way: +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +Calling @CP { remove_cooling_rods() } without checking @CP { temp } first +is not recommended since it may cause the reactor to melt down. +} +Use @Code "@OneCol @CP { ... }" (or @Code "@OneCol @Eiffel { ... }" etc. for +other languages) to prevent the program text being broken across two lines, +if desired. Hyphenation is on by default in computer programs; however, +the current language is changed from @Code English or whatever to +{@Code Programming}, whose hyhenation rules permit hyphenation after +an underscore character or between a preceding lower-case letter +and a following upper-case letter, but not elsewhere. @PP In cases where the program text has unbalanced braces, it is necessary to programs. @RawIndex { programs } @@ -77,8 +84,8 @@ simply add one @Code "@SysInclude" line for each of them and proceed as before. If your programming language is not currently supported, a viable alternative is @ID @Code "@F @Verbatim { ... }" -These symbols cause the text between braces to be set verbatim in -a fixed-width font, as explained elsewhere in this guide. This fallback +This causes the text between braces to be set verbatim in +a fixed-width font, as explained elsewhere in this guide. This method will not handle tab and formfeed characters very well. Again, use @Code "@Verbatim @Begin ... @End @Verbatim" if your program text contains unbalanced braces. diff --git a/doc/user/prg_lone b/doc/user/prg_lone index 06bc497..dfce1de 100644 --- a/doc/user/prg_lone +++ b/doc/user/prg_lone @@ -3,31 +3,30 @@ @Tag { alone } @Begin @PP -Printing of program files independently of any document is accomplished by +Printing of program files independently of any document is done by programs. @RawIndex { programs } programs.standalone @SubIndex { stand-alone } standalone.programs @Index { stand-alone programs } -the following Unix pipeline: +the Unix pipeline @ID @Code "prg2lout -l language options files | lout -s > out.ps" where @Code language stands for any one of the programming language names in the first column of the table above. As usual with Lout, the output will be a PostScript file. Each input file will begin on a new -page of the output, starting with its name in bold type. The options -provide control over the final appearance, as follows: +page of the output, starting with its name in bold type. The @Code options +are @WideTaggedList @TI { {@Code-p}{@I style} } { -Select a printing style. Your choices are {@Code -pfixed}, -{@Code -pvarying}, and {@Code -psymbol}, with the default value -varying with the language as given in the fourth column of the -table above. Consult Section {@NumberOf embedded} for examples -of these styles. +Select a printing style (Section {@NumberOf embedded}), either +{@Code -pfixed}, {@Code -pvarying}, or {@Code -psymbol}. The default +value varies with the language, as shown in the fourth column of the +table above. } @TI { @Code -n } { Do not print file names. } @TI { {@Code -f}{@I font} } { -Select a Lout font family. The default is @Code "-fCourier" for -{@Code -pfixed}, and @Code "-fTimes" for @Code -pvarying and {@Code -psymbol}. +Select a font family. The default is @Code "-fCourier" for +{@Code -pfixed}, and @Code "-fTimes" otherwise. } @TI { {@Code -v}{@I vsize} } { Select an inter-line spacing size in Lout units. The default is @@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ to represent a blank line is to be reduced. The default is @Code { 1.0 }, meaning no reduction. } @TI { {@Code -L}{@I number} } { -Add line numbers to the program print, starting with {@I number}, or +Add line numbers to the print, starting with {@I number}, or 1 if {@I number} is omitted. } @TI { {@Code -N} } { diff --git a/doc/user/prg_opti b/doc/user/prg_opti index 6ae4e05..733126b 100644 --- a/doc/user/prg_opti +++ b/doc/user/prg_opti @@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ section was in @Code fixed style; we can switch styles like this: style { varying } { #include <stdio.h> - -treeprint(p) /* print tree p recursively */ -struct tnode *p; +treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ { if (p != NULL) { treeprint(p->left); @@ -47,9 +45,7 @@ The result in this case will be @ID @OneRow @CP style { varying } { #include <stdio.h> - -treeprint(p) /* print tree p recursively */ -struct tnode *p; +treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ { if (p != NULL) { treeprint(p->left); @@ -62,9 +58,7 @@ If we use @Code "style { symbol }" we get this: @ID @OneRow @CP style { symbol } { #include <stdio.h> - -treeprint(p) /* print tree p recursively */ -struct tnode *p; +treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ { if (p != NULL) { treeprint(p->left); @@ -121,9 +115,8 @@ receive line numbers or not. It has three acceptable values: {@Code "Yes"}, the default value, meaning that blank lines are printed with line numbers, just like other lines; {@Code No}, meaning that blank lines are not assigned line numbers; and {@Code NoPrint}, meaning that blank lines -are assigned line numbers but these numbers are not printed, so that -the line numbers printed before and after a single blank line will -differ by 2. +are assigned line numbers but these are not printed, so that the line +numbers printed before and after a blank line will differ by 2. @PP The {@Code "style"} option is already familiar. Next comes {@Code "font"}, which determines the font family to use, {@Code "size"}, diff --git a/doc/user/str_colu b/doc/user/str_colu index dc50194..84e1a4c 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_colu +++ b/doc/user/str_colu @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ value 1 as shown, and @Code "@ColumnGap" may be any length (Section column.width @RawIndex { column width } column.width.in.pages @SubIndex { in pages } using the obvious formula -@ID @Eq { columnwidth = { pagewidth - margins - +@ID @Math { columnwidth = { pagewidth - margins - ({@Code "@ColumnNumber"} - 1) times {@Code "@ColumnGap"} } over @Code "@ColumnNumber" } diff --git a/doc/user/str_cont b/doc/user/str_cont index 3a802ae..da1653c 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_cont +++ b/doc/user/str_cont @@ -20,14 +20,18 @@ a table of contents in any type of document. Section @NumberOf setup describes setup files in general and how to change the options within them. The options relevant to tables of contents and their default values are: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@MakeContents { No }" -"@ContentsGap { 0.20v }" -"@ContentsGapAbove { 0.80v }" -"@ContentsGapBelow { 0.00v }" -"@ContentsLeader { .. }" -"@ContentsLeaderGap { 4s }" -"@ContentsRightWidth { 3f }" +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +@MakeContents { No } +@ContentsGap { 0.2v } +@ContentsGapAbove { 0.8v } +@ContentsGapBelow { 0.0v } +@ContentsFont { Bold } +@ContentsPartGapAbove { 1.0v } +@ContentsPartGapBelow { 0.0v } +@ContentsFormat { number @DotSep title } +@ContentsLeader { .. } +@ContentsLeaderGap { 4s } +@ContentsRightWidth { 3f } } The @Code "@MakeContents" option may be @Code Yes or {@Code No}, and makecontents. @Index @Code "@MakeContents" @@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ file. contentsgap. @Index @Code "@ContentsGap" above each line of the table of contents, in addition to the usual single line spacing; its value may be any length (Section -{@NumberOf objects}). The default value, {@Code "0.20v"}, is twenty +{@NumberOf objects}). The default value, {@Code "0.2v"}, is twenty percent of the current inter-line spacing. @PP Some entries, such as those for chapters and appendices in books, are @@ -48,7 +52,22 @@ entries; instead, @Code "@ContentsGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsGapBelow" contentsgapabove. @Index @Code "@ContentsGapAbove" contentsgapbelow. @Index @Code "@ContentsGapBelow" are used above and below each of them, again in addition to the usual -single line spacing. +single line spacing. @Code "@ContentsFont" also applies only to these +`major entries', and determines their font. The default value causes +them to appear in Bold. +@PP +@Code "@ContentsPartGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsPartGapBelow" are +like @Code "@ContentsGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsGapBelow", except +that they are used before and after contents entries that denote +book parts. +@PP +@Code "@ContentsFormat" determines the format of each entry of +contentsformat. @Index @Code "@ContentsFormat" +the table of contents. Within it, @Code number stands for the +number of the chapter, section, or whatever, and @Code title +for its title. The default value, {@Code "number @DotSep title"}, +produces the number followed by a dot, two spaces, and the title, +or just the title if there is no number. @PP @Code "@ContentsLeader" is the object which is repeated across the page contentsleader. @Index @Code "@ContentsLeader" diff --git a/doc/user/str_cros b/doc/user/str_cros index 0d3f857..c9caaed 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_cros +++ b/doc/user/str_cros @@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ of the document. For example, the result for this document is Cross referencing also applies to large-scale structure symbols such as @Code "@Chapter" and @Code "@Section" (any symbol with a @Code "@Title" option), as well as @Code { "@FootNote" }, @Code { "@EndNote" }, -@Code { "@Figure" }, @Code { "@Table" }, the numbered display -symbols, and @Code "@ListItem" and @Code "@DropListItem" (but not -@Code "@TagItem" and {@Code "@DropTagItem"}). Each of these symbols -has a @Code "@Tag" option: +@Code { "@Figure" }, @Code { "@Table" }, @Code { "@Floater" }, the +numbered display symbols, and @Code "@ListItem" and @Code "@DropListItem" +(but not @Code "@TagItem" and {@Code "@DropTagItem"}). Each of these +symbols has a @Code "@Tag" option: tag.option. @Index { @Code "@Tag" option } @ID @OneRow @Code { "@Section" @@ -80,7 +80,10 @@ For further information on this point, please consult Section @NumberOf cross (page @PageOf { cross }). } For symbols with a @Code "@Title" option (chapters, sections, etc.) -there is also the @Code "@TitleOf" symbol: +or a @Code "@Caption" option (@Code { "@Figure" }, @Code { "@Table" }, +and @Code { "@Floater" }) there is also the @Code "@TitleOf" symbol, +titleof. @Index @Code "@TitleOf" +which returns the value of the @Code "@Title" or @Code "@Caption" option: @ID @OneRow @Code { "For further information on this point, please consult" "the @TitleOf { cross } section." @@ -91,7 +94,15 @@ For further information on this point, please consult the @TitleOf { cross } section. } But this symbol won't work for footnotes, list items, and other -things without a title. +things without a title or caption. +@PP +For those with more expertise in using Lout, there is a +pageparityof. @Index @Code "@PageParityOf" +@Code "@PageParityOf" symbol which is very similar to @Code "@PageOf" +except that it returns one of the two words @Code "Odd" and @Code "Even" +instead of a page number, indicating whether the object it references is +printed on an odd or even page. For example, @Code "@PageParityOf cross" +produces @Code {@PageParityOf cross}. @PP Like all tags, the value of the @Code "@Tag" option should be a simple word (although Lout does accept multi-word tags). Cross referencing of @@ -202,7 +213,7 @@ External links are obtained in much the same way as internal ones, except that the symbol to use is @Code "@ExternalLink" and instead of supplying a tag, you need to supply a URL: @ID @Code { -"\"http://snark.ptc.spbu.ru/~uwe/lout/lout.html\" @ExternalLink { Lout Home Page }" +"\"http://lout.wiki.sourceforge.net/\" @ExternalLink { Lout Home Page }" } Once again the result is the object to the right, modified by any @Code "@Format" option; and there is an {@Code "@ExternalLinkFormat"} diff --git a/doc/user/str_theo b/doc/user/str_theo index 5d85c37..672cd28 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_theo +++ b/doc/user/str_theo @@ -7,26 +7,26 @@ examples, and claims } @PP theorem. @Index @Code "@Theorem" A theorem is created like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@LD @Theorem" -" @Title { Fermat's Last Theorem }" -"{" -"@Eq { a sup n + b sup n != c sup n } for all positive integers @Eq { a }," -"@Eq { b }, @Eq { c } and @Eq { n } when @Eq { n > 2 }." -"@LP" -"@Proof I have a proof of this theorem, but the margin" -"is too small to contain it. @EndProof" -"}" +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +@LD @Theorem + @Title { Fermat's Last Theorem } +{ +@M { a sup n + b sup n != c sup n } for all positive integers @M { a }, +@M { b }, @M { c } and @M { n } when @M { n > 2 }. +@LP +@Proof I have a proof of this theorem, but the margin +is too small to contain it. @EndProof +} } where we have used the @Code "@LD" `left display' symbol from Section {@NumberOf displays} to get a left-justified display, -and the @Code "@Eq" symbol from Chapter {@NumberOf equations} +and the @Code "@M" symbol from Chapter {@NumberOf mathematics} for the equations. The result is @ID @Theorem @Title { Fermat's Last Theorem } { -@Eq { a sup n + b sup n != c sup n } for all positive integers @Eq { a }, -@Eq { b }, @Eq { c } and @Eq { n } when @Eq { n > 2 }. +@M { a sup n + b sup n != c sup n } for all positive integers @M { a }, +@M { b }, @M { c } and @M { n } when @M { n > 2 }. @LP @Proof I have a proof of this theorem, but the margin is too small to contain it. @EndProof diff --git a/doc/user/tbl b/doc/user/tbl index 012f20e..7b374b3 100644 --- a/doc/user/tbl +++ b/doc/user/tbl @@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ tables. @Index { tables } X { Value of mathematical formulae (millions of dollars) } @Rowb A { Quadratic formula } - B { @Eq { x ^= { minus b +- sqrt { b sup 2 - 4ac } } over 2a } } + B { @M { x ^= { minus b +- sqrt { b sup 2 - 4ac } } over 2a } } C { 3^.5 } @Rowb A { Binomial theorem } - B { @Eq { ( a + b ) sup n ^= big sum from k=0 to infty -matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { n above k } a sup k b sup n-k + B { @M { ( a + b ) sup n ^= sum from { k=0 } to { infty } +pmatrix { row ccol n row ccol k } a sup k b sup n-k } } C { 12^ } } diff --git a/doc/user/typ_apdf b/doc/user/typ_apdf index 531f9c9..232610c 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_apdf +++ b/doc/user/typ_apdf @@ -25,4 +25,23 @@ the results are disappointing. The only way to get the best of everything is to produce PostScript, and then either pass it through a `distillation' program to produce PDF, or else view it with a PostScript viewer that understands links. +@PP +When generating PostScript for subsequent distillation to PDF, the +docinfo. @Index @Code "@DocInfo" +@Code "@DocInfo" symbol may be useful. Placed anywhere in the +document, it generates PostScript which causes the subsequent PDF to +contain a `document info dictionary' containing the author of the +document, its title, and some keywords: +@ID @Code @Verbatim { +@DocInfo + author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } + title { A User's Guide to the Lout Document Formatting System } + keywords { Lout, PostScript, PDF } +} +The values of the options are restricted to sequences of simple words, +as shown, since this is all that PDF document info dictionaries may +contain. All three options are optional; if one is omitted, the +dictionary will simply not have the corresponding entry, which is +legal in PDF. There is no way to have the author and title taken +automatically from @Code "@Author" and @Code "@Title" options. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/typ_book b/doc/user/typ_book index c62885e..0f46a47 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_book +++ b/doc/user/typ_book @@ -209,7 +209,22 @@ No @Code "@BeginChapters" or @Code "@EndChapters" symbols are beginchapters. @Index @Code "@BeginChapters" endchapters. @Index @Code "@EndChapters" needed, because these chapters are not inside any other large-scale -structure symbol. Within a chapter, there may be a sequence of sections, +structure symbol. +@PP +In addition to all the usual options for large-scale structure symbols, +@Code "@Chapter" offers {@Code "@BypassWord"}, which may be used to +replace the `Chapter' word for this chapter only. For example, +@ID @OneRow @Code { +"@Chapter" +" @BypassWord { Appendix }" +"..." +} +could be used to place (what appears to the reader to be) an Appendix +at the end of a part, or indeed anywhere at all. The chapter numbers +are not affected. To change this word in all chapters, the +@Code "@ChapterWord" setup file option is preferred. +@PP +Within a chapter, there may be a sequence of sections, each introduced by {@Code "@Section"}, all bracketed section.books @SubIndex { in books } by @Code "@BeginSections" and {@Code "@EndSections"}: diff --git a/doc/user/typ_illu b/doc/user/typ_illu index ec62140..80b66f3 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_illu +++ b/doc/user/typ_illu @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ with their default values: " @InitialSpace { lout }" " @InitialLanguage { English }" " @InitialColour { black }" +" @InitialBackgroundColour { white }" "{" " ..." "}" diff --git a/doc/user/typ_over b/doc/user/typ_over index aced99c..8188422 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_over +++ b/doc/user/typ_over @@ -221,6 +221,10 @@ are some of these options and their default values: # @LectureNumbers { Arabic } # @OverheadNumbers { Arabic } # @TitlePageFont { Helvetica Base } + # @TitleFormat { @Center clines @Break title } + # @AuthorFormat { @Center clines @Break author } + # @InstitutionFormat { @Center clines @Break @I institution } + # @DateLineFormat { @Center date } # @AboveTitleGap { 0.5i } # @AboveAuthorGap { 1.0i } # @AboveInstitutionGap { 0.5i } @@ -242,7 +246,8 @@ produces `Contents' in the current language. @Code "@LectureNumbers" and @Code "@OverheadNumbers" determine the style of numbering of lectures and overheads, and may be {@Code None}, {@Code Arabic}, {@Code Roman}, {@Code UCRoman}, {@Code Alpha}, or {@Code UCAlpha} as usual. Next come -options for setting the font of the overall title page, the gap +options for setting the font of the overall title page, the format of +the title, author, institution, and dateline parts of it, the gap above the title, author, institution, and dateline that appear on that page; then options controlling the appearance of the headings at the start of each lecture and overhead, and finally options which determine diff --git a/doc/user/typ_plai b/doc/user/typ_plai index 8b5c327..00aa8b9 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_plai +++ b/doc/user/typ_plai @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ example, {@Code "@Bullet"} produces {@Code "o"}. However, the @Code "@Char" and @Code "@Sym" symbols often produce unprintable characters, and are best avoided; } @LI { All font and size changes are ignored, since plain text has only -one font and size. Every character is taken to be @Eq { 1 frac 10 } inch -wide and @Eq { 1 frac 6 } inch high; } +one font and size. Every character is taken to be @M { 1 frac 10 } inch +wide and @M { 1 frac 6 } inch high; } @LI { No underlines are printed; } @LI { No margin notes are printed; } @LI { Scaled objects are not printed unless the scale factor happens to be 1; } @@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ The worst problem with plain text is that characters cannot be placed at arbitrary points on the page. A superscript, for example, is impossible to place correctly, so Lout uses a different layout for footnote labels (and makes a mess of equations, which are best avoided). Because of this problem -it's best to make all horizontal lengths multiples of @Eq {1 frac 10} inch +it's best to make all horizontal lengths multiples of @M {1 frac 10} inch (conveniently expressed as {@Code 1s}), and all vertical lengths multiples -of @Eq { 1 frac 6 } inch (conveniently expressed as {@Code 1f}). To help +of @M { 1 frac 6 } inch (conveniently expressed as {@Code 1f}). To help you do this, the setup files contain many entries that look like this example: @ID @Code "# @InitialBreak { {adjust 1.2fx hyphen} @OrIfPlain {ragged 1fx nohyphen} }" diff --git a/doc/user/vgra b/doc/user/vgra index a4d173d..60b9b5b 100644 --- a/doc/user/vgra +++ b/doc/user/vgra @@ -1,11 +1,2 @@ -gvim gra -gvim gra_intr -gvim gra_over -gvim gra_capt -gvim gra_tick -gvim gra_data -gvim gra_plac -gvim gra_func -gvim gra_keys -gvim gra_erro -gvim gra_summ +gvt gra gra_intr gra_over gra_capt gra_tick gra_data gra_plac gra_func \ + gra_keys gra_erro gra_summ diff --git a/doc/user/vmat b/doc/user/vmat new file mode 100755 index 0000000..9241985 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/vmat @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +gvt mat mat_intr mat_comm mat_matr mat_disp mat_defs mat_summ |