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READ ME File for CCAT Diskettes (version 1.0 [11/7/86 rak])
(adapted for Macintosh files [7/4/87 jct], revised 12/16/88)
Please communicate corrections and comments to:
CCAT (R. Kraft)
Box 36 College Hall
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6303
(tel. 215-898-5827).
BITNET: KRAFT AT PENNDRLS
The materials on the accompanying diskettes are distributed by
the Center for Computer Analysis of Texts (CCAT) at the
University of Pennsylvania for the use of students, teachers and
scholars in study and education contexts. They are not to be
used, either directly or indirectly, for commercial purposes
without prior written consent of the various legal authors and
developers identified below. If copies are made and given to
other persons for NON-COMMERCIAL use, those persons are also
required to register with CCAT by completing the standard
"User Declaration" (included as a separate file on the diskettes) and returning it to CCAT at the address indicated above. This is for
legal and collaborative purposes only; no fees are involved.
The CCAT repository contains a wide variety of materials obtained
from various sources. The following are standard items for which
requests are regularly received. It is expected that, in accord
with normal scholarly etiquette, use of such materials in
publications, etc., will be acknowledged appropriately.
BHS = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, ed. K. Elliger and W.
Rudolph (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1967/77).
Copyright held by the German Bible Society, in cooperation with
the United Bible Societies (UBS).
Michigan-Claremont BHS = The computer text produced initially
under the direction of H. Van Dyke Parunak (then at Univ.
Michigan) and Richard E. Whitaker (representing the Claremont
Grad. Schools), with funding from the David and Lucile Packard
Foundation. Subsequent revisions and verification have been
coordinated by Whitaker with input from a variety of sources and
special support from the CATSS (Computer Assisted Tools for
Septuagint Studies) Project and its teams at the Hebrew
University (Jerusalem; under E. Tov) and at the Westminster
Theological Seminary (Elkins Park, PA; under A. Groves) as well
as at the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia). An early
form of the Michigan-Claremont text provided the basis for the
MIKRAH version, which in turn was further improved through
cooperation with the Bar Ilan (Israel) computer center and the
Maredsous (Belgium) based Centre: Informatique et Bible (CIB)
directed by R. F. Poswick. The Michigan-Claremont text also has
been collated against the CIB text. The latest revision (done at
Westminster Seminary in July of 1987) corrected the text according
to facsimiles of Codex Leningradensis.
LXX = Septuaginta, ed. A. Rahlfs (Stuttgart: WŸrttembergische
Bibelanstalt, 1935; repr. in 9th ed., 1971).
VULG = Biblia Sacra Vulgata, ed. R. Weber and B. Fischer. (Stuttgart:
Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1963; 4th ed., 1983).
CATSS LXX = The computer form prepared by the TLG (Thesaurus
Linguae Graecae) Project directed by T. Brunner at the University
of California, Irvine, with further verification and adaptation
(in process) by CATSS towards conformity with the individual
Gšttingen editions that have appeared since 1935.
GNT = The Greek New Testament, 3nd corrected ed., ed. K. Aland,
M. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren (Stuttgart:
WŸrttemberg Bible Society, 1983). Copyright is held by the
United Bible Societies (UBS).
PAR = Parallel Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek texts of Jewish
Scripture, based on the Michigan-Claremont BHS consonantal text
and the TLG LXX, created by the CATSS project under the direction
of E. Tov (Jerusalem team). This data base currently is in a
provisional form that will undergo continued modification as the
CATSS project proceeds to its goals. Portions of PAR can be
supplied by special arrangement.
LXXM = The morphologically analyzed text of CATSS LXX prepared by CATSS under the direction of R. Kraft (Philadelphia team).
BHSM = In the near future, the morphologically analyzed
Michigan-Claremont BHS materials will also be released.
GNTM = In the future, the morphologically analyzed
United Bible Societies NT3 will also be released.
LXXV = The CATSS LXX plus the textual variants as encoded from the apparatuses of the best available editions (especially
Gšttingen, Cambridge), and reformatted for computer by the
Philadelphia team of CATSS under the direction of R. Kraft. Only
small portions of this data base are currently available.
Programs and Fonts
CCAT provides programs and fonts appropriate to the files it supplies. English files come with the Explicit program so that the citation system can be changed. Greek files come with Transcribe and with Philadelphia, and Boroea fonts. Hebrew files come with Transcribe and a Hebrew font called Shibboleth. We recommend that you back-up the original files and work with copies. Open the text-file "Explicit.Doc" or "Transcribe.Doc" with a word processor for more information.
[If the following charts looked jumbled, try 9-point Monaco.]
CODING FOR TRANSLITERATION OF HEBREW, GREEK, COPTIC
FOR CCAT/CATSS/TLG MATERIALS
Hebrew Greek (Greek=Coptic) Coptic
alef ) alfa A =
bet B beta B =
gimel G gamma G =
dalet D delta D =
he H epsilon E =
waw W digamma/vau (=6) V
zayin Z zeta Z =
het X eta H =
tet + theta Q =
yod Y iota I =
kaf K kappa K =
lamed L lamda L =
mem M mu M =
nun N nu N =
samek S ksi C =
ayin ( omicron O =
pe P pi P =
zade C koppa (=90) #3
qof Q rho R =
resh R sigma (both) S =
sin/shin # sigma final J
sin & tau T =
shin $ upsilon U =
taw T phi F =
chi X =
psi Y =
omega W =
patah A sampi(=900) #5
qametz F
hireq I
segol E
tsere " smooth breathing ) shai s
holam O rough breathing ( fai f
qibbuts U iota subscript | chai(Bo)
shureq W.
schwa : acute accent / hori h
holem waw OW grave accent \ janjia j
hateph-pathah :A circumflex acc. = gima g
hateph-qametz :F
hateph-segol :E
maqqeph - diaeresis + ti t
dagesh . midpoint punct. : dash -
rape ,
ketiv * capital letter * (precedes)
qere **
HEBREW ACCENTS/CANTILLATION CODING
[named and cross referenced as in the TABULA ACCENTUM insert-card in BHS; alternate coding used by the French and Belgian projects also noted]
Michigan-Claremont BHS CATAB CIB
at end (to left) of word, above:
00 ; --- sop pasuq [end of verse] - -
01 .:--- segolta I.3 14 7
02 )--- zarqa, sinnor I.9,II.7 20 -
03 \--- pashta, azla legarmeh I.10,II.12 21 -
04 &--- telisha parvum I.25 47 30
05 |--- paseq [separator] "Nota" 11 -
- |-,-- legarmeh (74 + 05) I.18 40 + 11 -
at start (to right) of word, below:
10 ---< yetib (yetiv) I.11 23 (42)
13 ---\ dehi or tipha II.9 (49) -
at start (to right) of word, above:
11 ---/ (81 + ) mugrash II.5 - -
14 ---% telisha magnum I.17 27 31
above word:
24 -&-- telisha qetannah (med) - - -
33 --\- pashta (preceding 03) 1.10b 45=46 8
44 -%-- telisha magnum (med) - - -
60 --<- ole or mahpakatum (II.2) - 43
61 -/-- geresh or teres I.13 25 81
62 -"-- garshajim I.14 26 82
63 -\-- azla, azla or qadma I.24,II.19 45=46 8
64 -,-- illuj II.15 - 44
65 -#-- shalshelet (magn,parv) I.4,II.6+20 15 33
80 -:-- zaqep parvum I.5 16 6
81 -.-- rebia (magnum=parvum) I.7,II.4=8 19 5 (cf 80)
82 --)- sinnorit II.21 (20) 9
83 -+-- pazer I.15,II.10 28 90
84 -&%-- pazer mag. or qarne para I.16 29 32
85 -|:-- zaqep magnum I.6 17 60
below word:
35 -F|:-- meteg (med) - (12) (,)
70 -<-- mahpak or mehuppak I.20,II.11+18 43 42
71 -/-- mereka I.21,II.14 41 1
72 -//-- mereka kepulah (duplex) I.22 42 11
73 -\-- tipha, tarha I.8,II.16 18 2 (munah)
- --\-- majela [= 73] I.27 49 -
74 -,-- munah I.18-19,II.13 40 4 (dehi/tarha)
75 -|-- silluq [meteg (left)] I.1,II.1 12 ,
91 -./-- tebir I.12 22 10
92 -^-- atnah I.2,II.3 13 3
93 -v-- galgal or jerah I.26,II.17 48 41
94 -s-- darga I.23 44 40
95 -|-- meteg (right) [cf 35,75] - (12) -
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