path: root/doc/expert/outfile.ps

%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.20 (April 2000)
%%CreationDate: Sat Apr  8 14:58:34 2000
%%DocumentData: Binary
%%DocumentNeededResources: (atend)
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend)
%%DocumentMedia: A4 595 842 0 white ()
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%Pages: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842
%%EndComments

%%BeginProlog
%%BeginResource: procset LoutStartUp
/m  { 3 1 roll moveto show } bind def
/mo { 3 1 roll moveto true charpath stroke } bind def
/s  { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show } bind def
/so { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto true charpath stroke } bind def
/k  { exch neg 0 rmoveto show } bind def
/ko { exch neg 0 rmoveto true charpath stroke } bind def
/ul { gsave setlinewidth dup 3 1 roll
      moveto lineto stroke grestore } bind def
/in { 1440 mul } def
/cm { 567 mul } def
/pt { 20 mul } def
/em { 120 mul } def
/sp { louts mul } def
/vs { loutv mul } def
/ft { loutf mul } def
/dg {           } def

/LoutGraphic {
  /louts exch def
  /loutv exch def
  /loutf exch def
  /ymark exch def
  /xmark exch def
  /ysize exch def
  /xsize exch def
} def

/LoutGr2 { gsave translate LoutGraphic gsave } def

/LoutFont
{ findfont exch scalefont setfont
} bind def

/LoutRecode {
  { findfont dup length dict begin
    {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall
    /Encoding exch def
    currentdict end definefont pop
  }
  stopped pop
} bind def

/BeginEPSF {
  /LoutEPSFState save def
  /dict_count countdictstack def
  /op_count count 1 sub def
  userdict begin
  /showpage { } def
  0 setgray 0 setlinecap
  1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin
  10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath
  /languagelevel where
  { pop languagelevel
    1 ne
    { false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint
    } if
  } if
} bind def

/EndEPSF {
  count op_count sub { pop } repeat
  countdictstack dict_count sub { end } repeat
  LoutEPSFState restore
} bind def
%%EndResource

%%BeginResource: encoding vec2
/vec2 [
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
/parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash
/zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven
/eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question
/at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G
/H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O
/P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W
/X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
/quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g
/h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o
/p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w
/x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef
/quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /ellipsis /OE /oe /quotedblleft /quotedblright /fi
/fl /endash /emdash /bullet /dagger /daggerdbl /florin /fraction
/dotlessi /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent
/dieresis /.notdef /ring /cedilla /.notdef /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
/space /exclamdown /cent /sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
/dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron
/degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
/cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown
/Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla
/Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis
/Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply
/Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls
/agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla
/egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
/eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide
/oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
] def
%%EndResource

%%BeginResource: procset LoutTabPrependGraphic
% @PrependGraphic file /export/home/6monthspace/jeff/lout.lib/include/tabf.lpg
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                                                  %
%  PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Tab     %
%                                                  %
%  To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names   %
%  of all these symbols begin with "ltab".         %
%                                                  %
%  Jeffrey H. Kingston                             %
%  24 September 1991                               %
%  22 December 1992                                %
%                                                  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% linewidth ltabhs -
% horizontal single line
/ltabhs
{  0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabhsp -
% horizontal single line with projecting ends
/ltabhsp
{  0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
   setlinewidth 2 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabhd -
% horizontal double line
/ltabhd
{  dup dup
   0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
   0 exch 3 mul moveto xsize exch 3 mul lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabhdb -
% horizontal double line below mark
/ltabhdb
{  dup dup
   0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
   0 exch -3 mul moveto xsize exch -3 mul lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabhdnw -
% horizontal double line with northwest corner
/ltabhdnw
{  dup dup dup dup
   0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
   xsize exch 3 mul moveto
   -3 mul exch 3 mul lineto
   -3 mul 0 lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabhdne -
% horizontal double line with northeast corner
/ltabhdne
{  dup dup dup dup
   0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
   0 exch 3 mul moveto
   3 mul xsize add exch 3 mul lineto
   3 mul xsize add 0 lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabhdsw -
% horizontal double line with southwest corner
/ltabhdsw
{  dup dup dup dup
   0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
   xsize exch -3 mul moveto
   -3 mul exch -3 mul lineto
   -3 mul 0 lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabhdse -
% horizontal double line with southeast corner
/ltabhdse
{  dup dup dup dup
   0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
   0 exch -3 mul moveto
   3 mul xsize add exch -3 mul lineto
   3 mul xsize add 0 lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabvs -
% vertical single line
/ltabvs
{  0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabvd -
% vertical double line
/ltabvd
{  dup dup
   0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto
   -3 mul 0 moveto -3 mul ysize lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke
} def

% linewidth ltabvdr -
% vertical double line to right of mark
/ltabvdr
{  dup dup
   0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto
   3 mul 0 moveto 3 mul ysize lineto
   setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke
} def
%%EndResource

%%BeginResource: procset LoutFigPrependGraphic
% @PrependGraphic file /export/home/6monthspace/jeff/lout.lib/include/figf.lpg
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                                                                    %
%  PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Fig  Jeffrey H. Kingston  %
%  Version 2.0 (includes CIRCUM label)                 January 1992  %
%                                                                    %
%  To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names of all symbols      %
%  defined here begin with "lfig".  However, this is not feasible    %
%  with user-defined labels and some labels used by users.           %
%                                                                    %
%  <point>      is two numbers, a point.                             %
%  <length>     is one number, a length                              %
%  <angle>      is one number, an angle in degrees                   %
%  <dashlength> is one number, the preferred length of a dash        %
%                                                                    %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

errordict begin
   /handleerror
   {
      {  /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont
	 0 setgray 4 pt 4 pt moveto
	 $error /errorname get
	 dup lfigdict exch known
	 { lfigdict exch get }
	 { 30 string cvs } ifelse
	 show
	 (  Command: ) show
	 $error /command get 30 string cvs show
      } stopped {} if
      showpage stop
   } def
end

% concat strings: <string> <string> lfigconcat <string>
% must be defined outside lfigdict since used in lfigpromotelabels
/lfigconcat
{ 2 copy length exch length add string
  dup 0 4 index putinterval
  dup 3 index length 3 index putinterval
  3 1 roll pop pop
} def

% <string> lfigdebugprint -
% must be defined outside lfigdict since used in arbitrary places
% /lfigdebugprint
% { print
%   (;  operand stack:\n) print
%   count copy
%   count 2 idiv
%   { ==
%     (\n) print
%   } repeat
%   (\n) print
% } def

/lfigdict 120 dict def
lfigdict begin

% error messages
/dictfull (dictfull error:  too many labels?) def
/dictstackoverflow (dictstackoverflow error:  labels nested too deeply?) def
/execstackoverflow (execstackoverflow error:  figure nested too deeply?) def
/limitcheck (limitcheck error:  figure nested too deeply or too large?) def
/syntaxerror (syntaxerror error:  syntax error in text of figure?) def
/typecheck (typecheck error:  syntax error in text of figure?) def
/undefined (undefined error:  unknown or misspelt label?) def
/VMError (VMError error:  run out of memory?) def

% push pi onto stack:  - lfigpi <num>
/lfigpi 3.14159 def

% arc directions
/clockwise     false def
/anticlockwise true  def

% maximum of two numbers:  <num> <num> lfigmax <num>
/lfigmax { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def

% minimum of two numbers:  <num> <num> lfigmin <num>
/lfigmin { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def

% add two points:  <point> <point> lfigpadd <point>
/lfigpadd { exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch } def

% subtract first point from second:  <point> <point> lfigpsub <point>
/lfigpsub { 3 2 roll sub 3 1 roll exch sub exch } def

% max two points:  <point> <point> lfigpmax <point>
/lfigpmax { exch 3 1 roll lfigmax 3 1 roll lfigmax exch } def

% min two points:  <point> <point> lfigpmin <point>
/lfigpmin { exch 3 1 roll lfigmin 3 1 roll lfigmin exch } def

% scalar multiplication: <point> <num> lfigpmul <point>
/lfigpmul { dup 3 1 roll mul 3 1 roll mul exch } def

% point at angle and distance:  <point> <length> <angle> lfigatangle <point>
/lfigatangle { 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul lfigpadd } def

% angle from one point to another:  <point> <point> lfigangle <angle>
/lfigangle { lfigpsub 2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq and {pop} {exch atan} ifelse } def

% distance between two points:  <point> <point> lfigdistance <length>
/lfigdistance { lfigpsub dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt } def

% difference in x coords: <point> <point> lfigxdistance <length>
/lfigxdistance { pop 3 1 roll pop sub } def

%difference in y coords: <point> <point> lfigydistance <length>
/lfigydistance { 3 1 roll pop sub exch pop } def

% stroke a solid line:  <length> <dashlength> lfigsolid -
/lfigsolid
{  pop pop [] 0 setdash stroke
} def

% stroke a lfigdashed line:   <length> <dashlength> lfigdashed -
/lfigdashed
{  2 copy div 2 le 1 index 0 le or
   {  exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] 0 setdash }
   {  dup [ exch 4 2 roll 2 copy div
      1 sub 2 div ceiling dup 4 1 roll
      1 add mul sub exch div ] 0 setdash
   } ifelse stroke
} def

% stroke a lfigcdashed line:  <length> <dashlength> lfigcdashed -
/lfigcdashed
{  2 copy le 1 index 0 le or
   { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] dup 0 get 2 div setdash }
   { dup [ 4 2 roll exch 2 copy exch div
     2 div ceiling div 1 index sub
     ] exch 2 div setdash
   } ifelse stroke
} def

% stroke a dotted line:  <length> <dashlength> lfigdotted -
/lfigdotted
{  2 copy le 1 index 0 le or
   { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch 0 exch ] 0 setdash }
   { 1 index exch div ceiling div
     [ 0 3 2 roll ] 0 setdash
   } ifelse stroke
} def

% stroke a noline line:  <length> <dashlength> lfignoline -
/lfignoline
{ pop pop
} def

% painting (i.e. filling): - lfigwhite - (etc.)
/lfignopaint		{			       } def
/lfignochange		{ 			  fill } def
/lfigdarkblue		{ 0.0 0.0 0.5 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigblue		{ 0.0 0.0 1.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiglightblue		{ 0.5 0.5 1.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigdarkgreen		{ 0.0 0.5 0.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiggreen		{ 0.0 1.0 0.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiglightgreen		{ 0.5 1.0 0.5 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigdarkred		{ 0.5 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigred		{ 1.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiglightred		{ 1.0 0.5 0.5 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigdarkcyan		{ 0.0 0.5 0.5 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigcyan		{ 0.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiglightcyan		{ 0.5 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigdarkmagenta	{ 0.5 0.0 0.5 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigmagenta		{ 1.0 0.0 1.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiglightmagenta	{ 1.0 0.5 1.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigdarkyellow		{ 0.5 0.5 0.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigyellow		{ 1.0 1.0 0.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiglightyellow	{ 1.0 1.0 0.5 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigdarkgray		{ 0.2 0.2 0.2 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiggray		{ 0.5 0.5 0.5 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiglightgray		{ 0.8 0.8 0.8 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigdarkgrey		{ 0.2 0.2 0.2 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiggrey		{ 0.5 0.5 0.5 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfiglightgrey		{ 0.8 0.8 0.8 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigblack		{ 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor fill } def
/lfigwhite		{ 1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor fill } def

% line caps (and joins, not currently used)
/lfigbutt       0 def
/lfiground      1 def
/lfigprojecting 2 def
/lfigmiter      0 def
/lfigbevel      2 def

% shape and labels of the @Box symbol
/lfigbox
{
   0     0     /SW  lfigpointdef
   xsize 0     /SE  lfigpointdef
   xsize ysize /NE  lfigpointdef
   0     ysize /NW  lfigpointdef
   SE 0.5 lfigpmul /S   lfigpointdef
   NW 0.5 lfigpmul /W   lfigpointdef
   W SE lfigpadd   /E   lfigpointdef
   S NW lfigpadd   /N   lfigpointdef
   NE 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef
   [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef
   SW SE NE NW SW
} def

% shape and labels of the @CurveBox symbol
/lfigcurvebox
{

   xsize 0.5 mul	ysize 0.5 mul	/CTR lfigpointdef
   xsize 0.5 mul	0		/S   lfigpointdef
   xsize		ysize 0.5 mul	/E   lfigpointdef
   xsize 0.5 mul	ysize		/N   lfigpointdef
   0			ysize 0.5 mul	/W   lfigpointdef

   xmark 0.293 mul		xmark 0.293 mul		  /SW  lfigpointdef
   xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub	xmark 0.293 mul		  /SE  lfigpointdef
   xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub	ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NE  lfigpointdef
   xmark 0.293 mul		ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NW  lfigpointdef

   [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul xmark /lfigcurveboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef

   xmark		0
   xsize xmark sub	0
   [ xsize xmark sub	xmark		]
   xsize		xmark
   xsize		ysize xmark sub
   [ xsize xmark sub	ysize xmark sub	]
   xsize xmark sub	ysize
   xmark		ysize
   [ xmark		ysize xmark sub	]
   0			ysize xmark sub
   0			xmark
   [ xmark		xmark		]
   xmark		0
} def

% shadow of the @ShadowBox symbol
% its shape and labels are done, somewhat inaccurately, with lfigbox
/lfigshadow
{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
  xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto
  xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto
  xsize xmark sub xmark lineto
  xmark 2 mul xmark lineto closepath fill
} def

% shape and labels of the @Square symbol
/lfigsquare
{
   xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef
   CTR xsize xsize ysize ysize lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef
   SW 0.5 lfigpmul SE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef
   NW 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef
   SW 0.5 lfigpmul NW 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef
   SE 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef
   [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef
   SW SE NE NW SW
} def

% shape and labels of the @Diamond symbol
/lfigdiamond
{
   xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S   lfigpointdef
   0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W   lfigpointdef
   S W         lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef
   CTR W       lfigpadd /N   lfigpointdef
   CTR S       lfigpadd /E   lfigpointdef
   [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigdiamondcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef
   S E N W S
} def

% shape and labels of the @Ellipse symbol
/lfigellipse
{
   xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S   lfigpointdef
   0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W   lfigpointdef
   S W         lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef
   CTR W       lfigpadd /N   lfigpointdef
   CTR S       lfigpadd /E   lfigpointdef
   CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef
   0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd lfigpsub /SE lfigpointdef
   xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef
   0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub lfigpsub /SW lfigpointdef
   [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef
   S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S
} def

% shape and labels of the @Circle symbol
/lfigcircle
{
   xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef
   CTR xsize 0 ysize 0 lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 45 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 90 lfigatangle lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 180 lfigatangle lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 270 lfigatangle lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef
   CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef
   [ S E lfigpsub /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef
   S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S
} def

% shape and labels of the @HLine and @HArrow symbols
/lfighline
{
   0 ymark lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef
   xsize ymark lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef
} def

% shape and labels of the @VLine and @VArrow symbols
/lfigvline
{
   xmark ysize lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef
   xmark 0 lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef
} def

% points of a polygon around base with given no of sides, vert init angle:
% <sides> <angle> figpolygon <point> ... <point>
/lfigpolygon
{  xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef
   90 sub CTR 2 copy lfigmax 5 3 roll
   [ 4 copy pop /lfigpolycircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef
   exch dup 360 exch div exch
   1 1  3 2 roll
   {  4 string cvs (P) exch lfigconcat cvn
      6 copy pop pop lfigatangle 2 copy 10 2 roll
      3 2 roll lfigpointdef
      dup 3 1 roll add exch
   }  for
   pop lfigatangle
} def

% next array element:  <array> <index> lfiggetnext <array> <index> <any> true
%                                               or <array> <index> false
/lfiggetnext
{  2 copy exch length ge
   { false }
   { 2 copy get exch 1 add exch true } ifelse
} def

% check whether thing is number:  <any> lfigisnumbertype <any> <bool>
/lfigisnumbertype
{  dup type dup
   /integertype eq exch /realtype eq or
} def

% check whether thing is an array:  <any> lfigisarraytype <any> <bool>
/lfigisarraytype { dup type /arraytype eq } def

% get next item:  <array> <index> lfiggetnextitem <array> <index> 0
%                                              or <array> <index> <array> 1
%                                              or <array> <index> <point> 2
/lfiggetnextitem
{   lfiggetnext
    {	lfigisarraytype
	{   1
	}
	{   lfigisnumbertype
	    {	3 1 roll
		lfiggetnext
		{   lfigisnumbertype
		    {	4 3 roll exch  2
		    }
		    {	pop 3 2 roll pop  0
		    } ifelse
		}
		{   3 2 roll pop  0
		} ifelse
	    }
	    {	pop 0
	    } ifelse
	} ifelse
    }
    {	0
    } ifelse
} def

% set arc path:  bool x1 y1  x2 y2  x0 y0  lfigsetarc  <angle> <angle> <dist>
% the path goes from x1 y1 to x2 y2 about centre x0 y0,
% anticlockwise if bool is true else clockwise.
% The orientations of backwards pointing and forwards pointing
% arrowheads are returned in the two angles, and
% the length of the arc is returned in <dist>.
/lfigsetarc
{
  20 dict begin
     matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll
     2 copy translate 2 copy 8 2 roll
     4 2 roll lfigpsub 6 2 roll lfigpsub
     dup /y1 exch def dup mul /y1s exch def
     dup /x1 exch def dup mul /x1s exch def
     dup /y2 exch def dup mul /y2s exch def
     dup /x2 exch def dup mul /x2s exch def

     y1s y2s eq
     {	-1
     }
     {	y1s x2s mul y2s x1s mul sub y1s y2s sub div
     } ifelse
     /da exch def

     x1s x2s eq
     {	-1
     }
     {	x1s y2s mul x2s y1s mul sub x1s x2s sub div
     } ifelse
     /db exch def

     da 0 gt db 0 gt and
     {	/LMax da sqrt db sqrt lfigmax def
	/scalex da sqrt LMax div def
	/scaley db sqrt LMax div def
	scalex scaley scale
	0 0 LMax
	0 0 x1 scalex mul y1 scaley mul lfigangle
	0 0 x2 scalex mul y2 scaley mul lfigangle
	2 copy eq { 360 add } if
	2 copy 8 2 roll
	5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse
	2 index 1 index
	{ 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse
	dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan
	2 index 2 index
	{ 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse
	dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan
	5 2 roll  % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 anticlockwise
	{ exch sub } { sub } ifelse
	dup 0 le { 360 add } if  lfigpi mul LMax mul 180 div
     }
     {	0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 0 x2 y2 lfigdistance eq
	0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 gt and
	{	0 0
		0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance
		0 0 x1 y1 lfigangle
		0 0 x2 y2 lfigangle
		2 copy eq { 360 add } if
		2 copy 8 2 roll
		5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse
		2 index 1 index
		{ 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse
		2 index 2 index
		{ 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse
		5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 clockwise
		{ exch sub } { sub } ifelse
		dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance mul 180 div
	}
	{	x2 y2 lineto pop
		x2 y2 x1 y1 lfigangle
		x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigangle
		x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigdistance
	} ifelse
     } ifelse
     4 -1 roll setmatrix
   end
} def

% lfigsetcurve: set up a Bezier curve from x0 y0 to x3 y3
% and return arrowhead angles and length of curve (actually 0)
% x0 y0 x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 lfigsetcurve <angle> <angle> <length>
/lfigsetcurve
{ 8 copy curveto pop pop
  lfigangle
  5 1 roll
  4 2 roll lfigangle
  exch
  0
} def

% lfigpaintpath: paint a path of the given shape
% /paint [ shape ] lfigpaintpath -
/lfigpaintpath
{
  10 dict begin
    0 newpath
    /prevseen false def
    /curveseen false def
    { lfiggetnextitem
      dup 0 eq { pop exit }
      { 1 eq
        { /curveseen true def
	  /curve exch def
	  curve length 0 eq { /curveseen false def } if
        }
        { /ycurr exch def
	  /xcurr exch def
	  prevseen
	  { curveseen
	    { curve length 4 eq
	      { xprev yprev
		curve 0 get curve 1 get
		curve 2 get curve 3 get
		xcurr ycurr
		lfigsetcurve pop pop pop
	      }
	      { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr
	        curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse
	        curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse
	        curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse
	        7 1 roll
	        lfigsetarc pop pop pop
	      } ifelse
	    }
	    { xcurr ycurr lineto
	    } ifelse
	  }
	  { xcurr ycurr moveto
	  } ifelse
	  /xprev xcurr def
	  /yprev ycurr def
	  /prevseen true def
	  /curveseen false def
        } ifelse
      } ifelse
    } loop pop pop cvx exec
  end
} def

% stroke a path of the given shape in the given linestyle and dash length.
% Return the origin and angle of the backward and forward arrow heads.
% dashlength /linestyle [shape] lfigdopath  [<point> <angle>] [<point> <angle>] 
/lfigdopath
{
  10 dict begin
    0
    /prevseen  false def
    /curveseen false def
    /backarrow []    def
    /fwdarrow  []    def
    {
	lfiggetnextitem
	dup 0 eq { pop exit }
	{
	    1 eq
	    {	/curveseen true def
		/curve exch def
		curve length 0 eq { /prevseen false def } if
	    }
	    {	/ycurr exch def
		/xcurr exch def
		prevseen
		{   newpath xprev yprev moveto
		    curveseen
		    {	curve length 4 eq
			{   xprev yprev
			    curve 0 get curve 1 get
			    curve 2 get curve 3 get
			    xcurr ycurr lfigsetcurve
			}
			{   xprev yprev xcurr ycurr
			    curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse
			    curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse
			    curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse
			    7 1 roll
			    lfigsetarc
			} ifelse
		    }
		    {	xcurr ycurr lineto
			xcurr ycurr xprev yprev lfigangle dup 180 sub
			xprev yprev xcurr ycurr lfigdistance
		    } ifelse
		    6 index 6 index cvx exec
		    [ xprev yprev 5 -1 roll ]
		    backarrow length 0 eq
		    { /backarrow exch def }
		    { pop } ifelse
		    [ xcurr ycurr 4 -1 roll ] /fwdarrow exch def
		} if
		/xprev xcurr def
		/yprev ycurr def
		/prevseen true def
		/curveseen false def
	    } ifelse
	} ifelse
    } loop
    pop pop pop pop
    backarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { backarrow } ifelse
    fwdarrow  length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { fwdarrow  } ifelse
  end
} def

% lfigdoarrow: draw an arrow head of given form
% dashlength /lstyle /pstyle hfrac height width [ <point> <angle> ] lfigdoarrow -
/lfigdoarrow
{  matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll
   dup 0 get 1 index 1 get translate
   2 get rotate
   [ 2 index neg 2 index 0 0
     3 index 3 index neg
     1 index 10 index mul 0
     7 index 7 index ]
   4 1 roll pop pop pop
   dup 3 1 roll
   gsave lfigpaintpath grestore lfigdopath pop pop
   setmatrix
} def

% arrow head styles
/lfigopen     0.0 def
/lfighalfopen 0.5 def
/lfigclosed   1.0 def

% stroke no arrows, forward, back, and both
/lfignoarrow { pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop                        } def
/lfigforward { 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow pop                              } def
/lfigback    { 8 -2 roll pop lfigdoarrow                              } def
/lfigboth    { 8 -1 roll 7 copy lfigdoarrow pop 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow } def

% lfigprevious: return previous point on path
/lfigprevious
{ lfigisnumbertype
  { 2 copy }
  { lfigisarraytype
    { 2 index 2 index }
    { 0 0 }
    ifelse
  } ifelse
} def

% label a point in 2nd top dictionary:  <point> /name lfigpointdef -
/lfigpointdef
{
  % (Entering lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint
  [ 4 2 roll transform
    /itransform cvx ] cvx
    currentdict end
    3 1 roll
    % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt
    % { def }
    % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop }
    % ifelse
    def
    begin
  % (Leaving lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint
} def

% promote labels from second top to third top dictionary
% <string> lfigpromotelabels -
/lfigpromotelabels
{
  % (Entering lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint
  currentdict end exch currentdict end
  { exch 20 string cvs 2 index
    (@) lfigconcat exch lfigconcat cvn exch def
  } forall pop begin
  % (Leaving lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint
} def

% show labels (except CIRCUM): - lfigshowlabels -
/lfigshowlabels
{
  % (Entering lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint
  currentdict end
    currentdict
    { 1 index 20 string cvs (CIRCUM) search % if CIRCUM in key
      { pop pop pop pop pop }
      { pop cvx exec 2 copy
        newpath 1.5 pt 0 360 arc
        0 setgray fill
        /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont
        moveto 0.2 cm 0.1 cm rmoveto 20 string cvs show
      }
      ifelse
    } forall
  begin
  % (Leaving lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint
} def

% fix an angle to 0 <= res < 360:  <angle> lfigfixangle <angle>
/lfigfixangle
{
  % (Entering lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint
  { dup 0 ge { exit } if
    360 add
  } loop
  { dup 360 lt { exit } if
    360 sub
  } loop
  % (Leaving lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint
} def

% find point on circumference of box:  alpha a b lfigboxcircum x y
/lfigboxcircum
{
  % (Entering lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint
  4 dict begin
    /b exch def
    /a exch def
    lfigfixangle /alpha exch def
    0 0 a b lfigangle /theta exch def

    % if alpha <= theta, return (a, a*tan(alpha))
    alpha theta le
    { a  a alpha sin mul alpha cos div }
    {
      % else if alpha <= 180 - theta, return (b*cot(alpha), b)
      alpha 180 theta sub le
      { b alpha cos mul alpha sin div  b }
      {
        % else if alpha <= 180 + theta, return (-a, -a*tan(alpha))
        alpha 180 theta add le
        { a neg  a neg alpha sin mul alpha cos div }
        {
	  % else if alpha <= 360 - theta, return (-b*cot(alpha), -b)
	  alpha 360 theta sub le
          { b neg alpha cos mul alpha sin div  b neg }
	  {
	    % else 360 - theta <= alpha, return (a, a*tan(alpha))
	    a  a alpha sin mul alpha cos div
	  } ifelse
        } ifelse
      } ifelse
    } ifelse
  end
  % (Leaving lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint
} def

% find quadratic roots (assume a != 0): a b c lfigqroots x1 x2 2
%                                                     or    x2 1
%                                                     or       0
/lfigqroots
{
  4 dict begin
    /c exch def
    /b exch def
    /a exch def
    /disc b b mul 4 a c mul mul sub def
    disc 0 lt
    { 0
    }
    { disc 0 eq
      { b neg 2 a mul div
	1
      }
      { b neg disc sqrt add 2 a mul div
        b neg disc sqrt sub 2 a mul div
	2
      }
      ifelse
    }
    ifelse
  end
} def

% work our which quadrant: <angle> lfigquadrant <0-3>
/lfigquadrant
{ dup 90 lt
  { pop 0
  }
  { dup 180 lt
    { pop 1
    }
    { 270 lt
      { 2
      }
      { 3
      } ifelse
    } ifelse
  } ifelse
} def

% find curvebox circum, assuming upper right quadrant: alpha a b xmk lfigcb x y
/lfigcb
{
  6 dict begin
    /xmk exch def
    /b exch def
    /a exch def
    /alpha exch def
    /theta1 0 0 a b xmk sub lfigangle def
    /theta2 0 0 a xmk sub b lfigangle def
    alpha theta1 le
    { % if alpha <= theta1, return (a, a*tan(alpha))
      a  a alpha sin mul alpha cos div
    }
    { alpha theta2 ge
      { % else if alpha > theta2, return (b*cot(alpha), b)
	b alpha cos mul alpha sin div  b
      }
      {
	% else, return the intersection of line and circle
	a xmk sub b xmk sub xmk  0 0 alpha lfigcircleintersect
	dup 0 eq
	{ % should never happen, just return any reasonable point
	  pop
	  a b 0.5 lfigpmul
	}
	{ 1 eq
	  { % should never happen, just return the point on top of stack
	  }
	  { % the usual case, two points on stack, return the larger
	    lfigpmax
	  } ifelse
	} ifelse
      } ifelse
    } ifelse
  end
} def

% find point on circumference of curvebox: alpha a b xmk lfigcurveboxcircum x y
/lfigcurveboxcircum
{
  % (Entering lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint
  5 dict begin
    /xmk exch def
    /b exch def
    /a exch def
    lfigfixangle /alpha exch def

    % work out which quadrant we are in, and reflect accordingly
    /quad alpha lfigquadrant def
    quad 0 eq
    { alpha a b xmk lfigcb
    }
    { quad 1 eq
      { 180 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb exch neg exch
      }
      { quad 2 eq
	{ alpha 180 sub a b xmk lfigcb neg exch neg exch
	}
	{ 360 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb neg
	} ifelse
      } ifelse
    } ifelse
  end
  % (Leaving lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint
} def

% find point on circumference of diamond:  alpha a b lfigdiamondcircum x y
/lfigdiamondcircum
{
  % (Entering lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint
  4 dict begin
    /b exch def
    /a exch def
    lfigfixangle /alpha exch def
    b alpha cos abs mul  a alpha sin abs mul  add  /denom exch def
    a b mul alpha cos mul denom div
    a b mul alpha sin mul denom div
  end
  % (Leaving lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint
} def

% find point on circumference of ellipse:  alpha a b lfigellipsecircum x y
/lfigellipsecircum
{
  % (Entering lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint
  4 dict begin
    /b exch def
    /a exch def
    lfigfixangle /alpha exch def
    b alpha cos mul dup mul  a alpha sin mul dup mul  add sqrt /denom exch def
    a b mul alpha cos mul denom div
    a b mul alpha sin mul denom div
  end
  % (Leaving lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint
} def

% find point of intersection of two lines each defined by two points
% x1 y1 x2 y2  x3 y3 x4 y4  lfiglineintersect x y
/lfiglineintersect
{
  % (Entering lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint
  13 dict begin
    /y4 exch def
    /x4 exch def
    /y3 exch def
    /x3 exch def
    /y2 exch def
    /x2 exch def
    /y1 exch def
    /x1 exch def
    x2 x1 sub /x21 exch def
    x4 x3 sub /x43 exch def
    y2 y1 sub /y21 exch def
    y4 y3 sub /y43 exch def
    y21 x43 mul y43 x21 mul sub /det exch def
  
    % calculate x 
    y21 x43 mul x1 mul
    y43 x21 mul x3 mul sub
    y3 y1 sub x21 mul x43 mul add
    det div

    % calculate y
    x21 y43 mul y1 mul
    x43 y21 mul y3 mul sub
    x3 x1 sub y21 mul y43 mul add
    det neg div

  end
  % (Leaving lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint
} def

% find point on circumference of polygon
% alpha radius num theta lfigpolycircum x y
/lfigpolycircum
{
  % (Entering lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint
  13 dict begin
    /theta exch def
    /num exch def
    /radius exch def
    /alpha exch def

    % calculate delta, the angle from theta to alpha
    alpha theta sub lfigfixangle

    % calculate the angle which is the multiple of 360/num closest to delta
    360 num div div truncate 360 num div mul theta add /anglea exch def

    % calculate the next multiple of 360/num after anglea
    anglea 360 num div add /angleb exch def

    % intersect the line through these two points with the alpha line
    anglea cos anglea sin  angleb cos angleb sin
    0 0  alpha cos 2 mul alpha sin 2 mul
    lfiglineintersect radius lfigpmul

  end
  % (Leaving lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint
} def

% find point of intersection of a point and a circle
% x0 y0 r  x1 y1 theta  lfigcircleintersect xa ya xb yb 2
%                                        or       xb yb 1
%                                        or             0
/lfigcircleintersect
{
  % (Entering lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint
  15 dict begin
    /theta exch def
    /y1    exch def
    /x1    exch def
    /r     exch def
    /y0    exch def
    /x0    exch def

    % if sin(theta) = 0 then line is horizontal and y must be y1
    theta sin abs 0.00001 lt
    { 
      /a 1 def
      /b -2 x0 mul def
      /c x0 dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def
      a b c lfigqroots dup
      0 eq
      { pop
	0
      }
      { 1 eq
	{ y1 1
	}
	{ y1 exch y1 2
	} ifelse
      } ifelse
    }
    {
      /ct theta cos theta sin div def
      /a ct ct mul 1 add def
      /b ct x1 x0 sub mul y1 add y0 sub 2 mul def
      /c x1 x0 sub dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def
      a b c lfigqroots dup
      0 eq
      { pop
	0
      }
      { 1 eq
	{ y1 add /yb exch def
	  yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def
	  xb yb 1
	}
	{ y1 add /ya exch def
	  ya y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xa exch def
	  y1 add /yb exch def
	  yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def
	  xa ya xb yb 2
	} ifelse
      } ifelse
    } ifelse
  end
  % (Leaving lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint
} def

% add CIRCUM operator with this body:  <array> lfigcircumdef -
/lfigcircumdef
{   % (Entering lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint
    /CIRCUM exch cvx
    currentdict end
    3 1 roll
    % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt
    % { def }
    % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop }
    % ifelse
    def
    begin
    % (Leaving lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint
} def

end
%%EndResource

%%BeginResource: procset LoutBasicSetup
% @PrependGraphic file /export/home/6monthspace/jeff/lout.lib/include/bsf.lpg

% width height linethickness louteuro -
% draw a Euro symbol of this width and height with this line thickness
/louteuro {
  20 dict begin
    /eurothick exch def
    /euroheight exch def
    /eurowidth exch def
    /eurostrokewidth euroheight 0.8 mul def
    /eurostep eurothick 60 cos mul 60 sin div def
    /eurotheta 40 def

    % llx lly width thickness louteurobox -
    % draw angled box starting at (llx, lly) with given width and thickness
    /louteurobox
    {
      /euroboxthick exch def
      /euroboxwidth exch def
      newpath moveto euroboxwidth 0 rlineto
      eurostep euroboxthick rlineto
      euroboxwidth neg 0 rlineto closepath fill
    } def

    % lower cross stroke
    0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 1.5 mul sub
    eurostrokewidth eurothick louteurobox

    % upper cross stroke
    0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 0.5 mul add
    eurostrokewidth eurostep 2 mul add eurothick louteurobox

    % circular part
    /eurohctr eurowidth euroheight 2 div eurotheta cos mul sub def
    /eurovctr euroheight 2 div def
    newpath
    eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurotheta 350 eurotheta sub arc
    eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurothick sub 365 eurotheta sub eurotheta arcn
    closepath fill
  end
} def

% path for @FullWidthRule symbol
/LoutRule
{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
} def

% path for @Box symbol
/LoutBox
{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
  xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto
  closepath
} def

% path for @CurveBox symbol
/LoutCurveBox
{ xmark 0 moveto
  xsize xmark sub xmark xmark 270 360 arc
  xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub xmark 0 90 arc
  xmark ysize xmark sub xmark 90 180 arc
  xmark xmark xmark 180 270 arc
  closepath
} def

% path for @ShadowBox symbol
/LoutShadowBox
{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
  xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto
  xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto
  xsize xmark sub xmark lineto
  xmark 2 mul xmark lineto
  closepath
} def

% set up dictionary containing margin note data: parity LoutMargSet -
/LoutMargSet
{ /LoutMargDict 12 dict def
  LoutMargDict begin
    /parity exch def
    /matr matrix currentmatrix def
    /rightx xsize def
    /lefty ysize def   % highest allowable point for top of next left note
    /righty ysize def  % highest allowable point for top of next right note
    /max { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def
    /min { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def
  end
} def

%translate coordinate system for marginal notes:  type LoutMargShift -
% where type 0 is left margin, 1 is right margin, 2 is outer, 3 is inner
/LoutMargShift
{ LoutMargDict begin

    % y coordinate of top of note, in margin coords, before vertical adjust
    0 ysize transform matr itransform exch pop

    % decide whether left or right margin based on type and parity
    exch [ 0 1 parity 1 parity sub ] exch get 0 eq
    {
      % left margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note
      lefty min

      % bottom of note is new lefty position and also translate position
      ysize sub dup /lefty exch def

      % want right edge of note at coordinate zero
      xsize neg exch
    }
    {
      % right margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note
      righty min

      % bottom of note is new righty position and also translate position
      ysize sub dup /righty exch def

      % want left edge of note at coordinate rightx
      rightx exch
    } ifelse

    % stack now contains coord of bottom left corner in margin coordinates
    matr setmatrix translate
  end
} def

% create LoutPageDict with left, right, foot, top for @Place symbol users
/LoutPageSet
{
  /LoutPageDict 5 dict def
  LoutPageDict begin
    /matr matrix currentmatrix def
    /left 0 def
    /right xsize def
    /foot 0 def
    /top ysize def
  end

} def

%%EndResource

%%EndProlog

%%BeginSetup
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman
/Times-Romanfnt82 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode
/fnt82 { /Times-Romanfnt82 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica
/Helveticafnt35 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode
/fnt35 { /Helveticafnt35 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Symbol
/fnt78 { /Symbol LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica-Oblique
/Helvetica-Obliquefnt36 vec2 /Helvetica-Oblique LoutRecode
/fnt36 { /Helvetica-Obliquefnt36 LoutFont } def
%%EndSetup

%%Page: i 1
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
%%+ font Helvetica-Oblique
/pgsave save def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup

gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
600 fnt35 1355 12125(An)m 2215(Exper)s -24(t')k 30(s)k
4518(Guide)s 6258(to)s 6902(the)s 3956 10685(Lout)m 616 9245(Document)m
3500(F)s 18(or)k -15(matting)k 6490(System)s 240 fnt35
3544 6059(Jeffre)m 4(y)k 4321(H.)s 4606(Kingston)s 3883 4395(V)m 19(ersion)k
4726(3.20)s 3974 4107(Apr)m -3(il,)k 4567(2000)s 240 fnt78
0 342(\343)m 240 fnt36 315 340(Cop)m 7(yr)k -3(ight)k
1493(1991,)s 2214(2000,)s 2935(Jeffre)s 4(y)k 3811(H.)s
4173(Kingston,)s 5293(Basser)s 6203(Depar)s -9(tment)k 7619(of)s
7990(Computer)s 0 52(Science)m 3(,)k 966(The)s 1449(Univ)s 6(ersity)k
2583(of)s 2881(Sydne)s 4(y)k 3766(2006,)s 4415(A)s 7(ustr)k 2(alia.)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: ii 2
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
480 fnt84 0 12955(Pr)m 8(eface)k 240 fnt82 540 12095(This)m
1016(manual)s 1775(is)s 1984(addressed)s 2985(to)s 3224(those)s
3784(who)s 4250(wish)s 4759(to)s 4997(become)s 5797(e)s 3(xpert)k
6451(users)s 6992(of)s 7263(the)s 7611(Lout)s 8122(document)s
0 11807(formatting)m 1092(system.)s 1952(An)s 2334(e)s 3(xpert)k
3020(user)s 3510(is)s 3752(someone)s 4690(who)s 5188(understands)s
6414(the)s 6794(principles)s 7819(of)s 8122(document)s 0 11519(formatting)m
1083(that)s 1524(Lout)s 2059(embodies,)s 3105(and)s 3532(is)s
3765(able)s 4242(to)s 4503(apply)s 5112(them,)s 5720(for)s
6081(e)s 3(xample)k 6966(to)s 7228(design)s 7933(a)s
8122(document)s 0 11231(format)m 690(or)s 943(a)s 1103(special-purpose)s
2653(package.)s 3595(In)s 3845(contrast,)s 4701(a)s 4861(non-e)s 3(xpert)k
5948(user)s 6400(is)s 6604(someone)s 7505(who)s 7965(simply)s
8663(uses)s 0 10943(Lout)m 512(to)s 751(format)s 1447(documents.)s
480 10569(Chapter)m 1295(1)s 1448(e)s 3(xplains)k 2291(these)s
2836(principles,)s 3883(and)s 4285(it)s 4475(should)s 5170(be)s
5450(read)s 5917(carefully)s 6817(and)s 7219(in)s 7460(sequence.)s
8499(Chap)s 8998(-)s 0 10281(ters)m 412(2)s 604(and)s
1025(3)s 1207(are)s 1571(for)s 1927(reference;)s 2943(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(,)k
4198(the)s 3(y)k 4678(contain)s 5457(descriptions)s 6680(of)s
6969(the)s 7334(detailed)s 8166(operation)s 0 9993(of)m 277(Lout')s 13(s)k
945(major)s 1568(components,)s 2838(and)s 3248(a)s 3420(complete)s
4359(description)s 5484(of)s 5761(each)s 6262(prede\207ned)s 7336(symbol.)s
8211(The)s 8646(\207nal)s 0 9705(chapter)m 763(presents)s 1597(a)s
1763(collection)s 2762(of)s 3033(adv)s 6(anced)k 3989(e)s 3(xamples.)k
480 9331(This)m 971(manual)s 1745(presents)s 2594(V)s 26(ersion)k
3397(3)s 3576(of)s 3862(Basser)s 4574(Lout,)s 5148(publicly)s
6001(released)s 6856(in)s 7114(September)s 8211(1994)s 8760([3)s
8943(].)s 0 9043(This)m 480(manual)s 1243(w)s 2(as)k
1669(rendered)s 2567(into)s 2996(PostScript)s 4043(by)s 4341(V)s 26(ersion)k
5133(3.20)s 5613(of)s 5888(the)s 6240(Basser)s 6942(Lout)s
7458(interpreter)s 9(,)k 8554(using)s 0 8755(the)m 348(symbols)s
1197(described)s 2171(in)s 2414(the)s 2762(User')s 13(s)k
3423(Guide)s 4064([4)s 4257(].)s 240 fnt84 0 8250(Ackno)m 2(wledgment.)k
240 fnt82 1986 8251(V)m 26(ersion)k 2811(3)s 3012(has)s
3419(bene\207ted)s 4391(from)s 4953(hundreds)s 5919(of)s 6227(comments)s
7298(recei)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 8193(since)s 8778(the)s
0 7963(release)m 726(of)s 1006(V)s 26(ersion)k 1803(1)s
1967(in)s 2219(October)s 3057(1991.)s 3710(Not)s 4138(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k
4723(suggestion)s 5813(could)s 6411(be)s 6702(follo)s 6(wed,)k
7662(b)s 4(ut)k 8033(man)s 3(y)k 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
0 7675(been,)m 559(and)s 963(the)s 1311(encouragement)s 2832(w)s 2(as)k
3253(greatly)s 3970(appreciated.)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: iii 3
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
480 fnt84 0 12955(Contents)m 240 fnt84 0 11982(Chapter)m 908(1)s
240 fnt82 1015 11983(.)m 240 fnt84 1179 11982(Principles)m 240 fnt82
2738 11983(..)m 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8971(1)s 720 11638(1.1.)m 1184(Objects)s
2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s
4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8971(1)s 720 11293(1.2.)m
1184(De\207nitions)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s
4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8962(3)s 720 10948(1.3.)m
1184(Cross)s 1780(references)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s
4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8958(7)s 720 10603(1.4.)m
1184(Galle)s 3(ys)k 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s
3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8955(9)s 240 fnt84 0 9974(Chapter)m 908(2)s 240 fnt82
1023 9975(.)m 240 fnt84 1187 9974(Details)m 240 fnt82 2394 9975(..)m
2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8842(13)s 720 9630(2.1.)m 1184(Le)s 3(xical)k
1952(structure)s 2843(\(w)s 2(ords,)k 3612(spaces,)s 4343(symbols\))s
5269(and)s 5673(macros)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8842(13)s 720 9285(2.2.)m 1184(Named)s
1933(parameters)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8840(15)s 720 8940(2.3.)m 1184(Nested)s 1906(de\207nitions,)s
3023(body)s 3557(parameters,)s 4711(e)s 3(xtend,)k 5453(import,)s
6197(and)s 6601(e)s 3(xport)k 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8838(17)s 720 8595(2.4.)m 1184(Filtered)s 1984(right)s
2495(and)s 2899(body)s 3433(parameters)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s
5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s
7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8831(20)s
720 8250(2.5.)m 1184(Precedence)s 2328(and)s 2732(associati)s 6(vity)k
3974(of)s 4245(symbols)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8832(22)s 720 7905(2.6.)m 1184(The)s 1612(style)s
2119(and)s 2523(size)s 2950(of)s 3221(objects)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8842(23)s 720 7560(2.7.)m 1184(Galle)s 3(ys)k
1962(and)s 2366(tar)s 4(gets)k 3426(..)s 3770(..)s
4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8840(25)s 720 7215(2.8.)m
1184(Sorted)s 1866(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3082(..)s
3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8832(32)s 720 6870(2.9.)m 1184(Horizontal)s 2261(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8842(33)s 720 6525(2.10.)m 1304(Optimal)s 2142(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
2776(breaking)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s
5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s
7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8840(35)s
240 fnt84 0 5896(Chapter)m 908(3)s 240 fnt82 1021 5897(.)m
240 fnt84 1185 5896(Pr)m 4(ede\207ned)k 2338(symbols)s 240 fnt82
3426 5897(..)m 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8833(36)s 720 5552(3.1.)m 1184(@Be)s 3(gin)k 2031(and)s
2435(@End)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8833(36)s 720 5207(3.2.)m 1184(Concatenation)s 2623(symbols)s
3472(and)s 3876(paragraphs)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8833(36)s 720 4862(3.3.)m 1184(@F)s 3(ont)k
1901(and)s 2305(@Char)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8831(40)s 720 4517(3.4.)m 1184(@Break)s
2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s
4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8832(42)s 720 4172(3.5.)m
1184(@Space)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s
3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s
5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s
7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8842(43)s
720 3827(3.6.)m 1184(@YUnit,)s 2110(@ZUnit,)s 3009(@CurrYUnit,)s 4373(and)s
4777(@CurrZUnit)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8832(44)s 720 3482(3.7.)m 1184(@SetColour)s
2435(and)s 2839(@SetColor)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s
5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s
7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8840(45)s
720 3137(3.8.)m 1184(@Outline)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s
3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8833(46)s 720 2792(3.9.)m 1184(@Language)s 2405(and)s 2809(@CurrLang)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8833(46)s 720 2447(3.10.)m 1304(@OneCol)s
2325(and)s 2729(@OneRo)s 6(w)k 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8838(47)s 720 2102(3.11.)m 1304(@W)s 9(ide)k
2090(and)s 2494(@High)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8839(48)s 720 1757(3.12.)m 1304(@HShift)s 2222(and)s
2626(@VShift)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8839(48)s 720 1412(3.13.)m 1304(@HExpand)s 2488(and)s 2892(@VExpand)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8839(48)s 720 1067(3.14.)m 1304(@HContract)s
2581(and)s 2985(@VContract)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s
5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s
7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8835(49)s
720 722(3.15.)m 1304(@HLimited)s 2512(and)s 2916(@VLimited)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8835(49)s 720 377(3.16.)m 1304(@HAdjust,)s 2443(@V)s 32(Adjust,)k
3550(and)s 3954(@P)s 22(Adjust)k 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8835(49)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: iv 4
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
720 13808(3.17.)m 1304(@HScale)s 2271(and)s 2675(@VScale)s 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8831(50)s 720 13463(3.18.)m 1304(@HCo)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
2337(and)s 2741(@VCo)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8831(50)s 720 13118(3.19.)m 1304(@StartHSpan,@StartVSpan,)s
4117(@StartHVSpan,)s 5720(@HSpan,)s 6700(and)s 7104(@VSpan)s 8242(..)s
8851(51)s 720 12773(3.20.)m 1304(@Scale)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8832(52)s 720 12428(3.21.)m 1304(@Rotate)s 2394(..)s
2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8832(52)s 720 12083(3.22.)m 1304(@Background)s
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8842(53)s 720 11738(3.23.)m 1304(@K)s 6(ernShrink)k
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8842(53)s 720 11393(3.24.)m 1304(@Common,)s 2524(@Rump,)s
3438(and)s 3842(@Meld)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8832(54)s 720 11048(3.25.)m 1304(@Insert)s
2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s
4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8832(54)s 720 10703(3.26.)m
1304(@OneOf)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s
4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8840(55)s 720 10358(3.27.)m
1304(@Ne)s 3(xt)k 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s
3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8833(56)s 720 10013(3.28.)m 1304(@Case)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8833(56)s 720 9668(3.29.)m 1304(@Moment)s 2738(..)s
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8838(57)s 720 9323(3.30.)m 1304(@Null)s 2394(..)s
2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8839(58)s 720 8978(3.31.)m 1304(@Galle)s 3(y)k
2213(and)s 2617(@F)s 3(orceGalle)k 3(y)k 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8839(58)s 720 8633(3.32.)m 1304(@Be)s 3(ginHeaderComponent,)k
4041(@EndHeaderComponent,)s 6596(@SetHeaderCom)s 8278(-)s 1304 8345(ponent,)m 2063(and)s
2467(@ClearHeaderComponent)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8839(58)s 720 8000(3.33.)m 1304(@NotRe)s 6(v)k 3(ealed)k
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8831(60)s 720 7655(3.34.)m 1304(The)s 1732(cross)s
2274(reference)s 3217(symbols)s 4066(&&)s 4492(and)s 4896(&&&)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8851(61)s 720 7310(3.35.)m
1304(@T)s 19(agged)k 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s
3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s
5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s
7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8851(61)s
720 6965(3.36.)m 1304(@Open and @Use)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8832(62)s 720 6620(3.37.)m 1304(@Database and @SysDatabase)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8832(62)s 720 6275(3.38.)m 1304(@Graphic)s 2738(..)s
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8842(63)s 720 5930(3.39.)m 1304(@PlainGraphic)s 3082(..)s
3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8838(67)s 720 5585(3.40.)m 1304(@IncludeGraphic)s 3065(and)s 3469(@SysIncludeGraphic)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8838(67)s 720 5240(3.41.)m
1304(@PrependGraphic and @SysPrependGraphic)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8838(67)s 720 4895(3.42.)m
1304(@Include and @SysInclude)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8839(68)s 720 4550(3.43.)m
1304(@BackEnd)s 2461(and)s 2865(the)s 3213(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k
4183(and)s 4587(PDF)s 5084(back)s 5597(ends)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8839(68)s 720 4205(3.44.)m 1304(@V)s 26(erbatim and @Ra)k 3(wV)k 26(erbatim)k
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8835(69)s 720 3860(3.45.)m 1304(@Underline)s 2738(..)s
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8835(69)s 720 3515(3.46.)m 1304(@P)s 3(ageLabel)k
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8831(70)s 240 fnt84 0 2886(Chapter)m 908(4)s
240 fnt82 1022 2887(.)m 240 fnt84 1186 2886(Examples)m 240 fnt82
2738 2887(..)m 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s
4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s
6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s
7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8851(71)s 720 2542(4.1.)m 1184(An)s
1534(equation)s 2415(formatting)s 3476(package)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s
5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s
7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8851(71)s
720 2197(4.2.)m 1184(P)s 3(aragraphs,)k 2350(displays,)s 3241(and)s
3645(lists)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8842(73)s 720 1852(4.3.)m
1184(P)s 3(age)k 1702(layout)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s
3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8838(77)s 720 1507(4.4.)m 1184(Chapters)s 2085(and)s 2489(sections)s
3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s
5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s
7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8832(82)s
720 1162(4.5.)m 1184(Bibliographies)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s
4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s
5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s
7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s 8838(87)s 0 3(i)m 6(v)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: v 5
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13841(Refer)m 4(ences)k 240 fnt82 1362 13842(..)m
1706(..)s 2050(..)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s
3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s
5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s
6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s
8832(92)s 240 fnt84 0 13215(Index)m 240 fnt82 1018 13216(..)m
1362(..)s 1706(..)s 2050(..)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s
3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s
4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s
6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s
8242(..)s 8842(93)s 8951 3(v)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: vi 6
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
/pgsave save def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
0 3(vi)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 1 7
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
480 fnt84 0 12955(Chapter)m 1819(1.)s 2400(Principles)s 240 fnt82
0 12004(The)m 414(Lout)s 911(document)s 1900(formatting)s 2946(language)s
3852(is)s 4047(based)s 4635(on)s 4917(just)s 5307(four)s
5751(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 6131(ideas:)s 6713(objects,)s
7482(de\207nitions,)s 8584(cross)s 0 11716(references,)m 1087(and)s 1491(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k
2328(This)s 2804(chapter)s 3567(concentrates)s 4812(on)s 5109(them,)s
5694(postponing)s 6812(the)s 7160(ine)s 6(vitable)k 8152(details.)s
240 fnt84 0 10923(1.1.)m 471(Objects)s 240 fnt82 480 10447(Since)m
1075(our)s 1462(aim)s 1888(is)s 2106(to)s 2354(produce)s
3189(neatly)s 3835(formatted)s 4829(documents,)s 5981(we)s 6325(should)s
7030(be)s 3(gin)k 7624(by)s 7926(looking)s 8719(at)s
8960(a)s 0 10159(typical)m 705(e)s 3(xample)k 1568(of)s
1839(such)s 2335(a)s 2501(document:)s 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 480 7325 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt84 560 1987(PURCELL)m
128 fnt82 1316 2059(1)m 160 fnt82 170 1695(In)m 395(the)s
681(w)s 1(orld)k 1145(of)s 1381(music)s 170 1515(England)m
882(is)s 1163(supposed)s 170 1335(to)m 376(be)s 611(a)s
768(mere)s 1171(pro)s 2(vince.)k 170 1155(If)m 465(she)s
856(produces)s 1608(an)s 170 975(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1136(composer)s
567 0 0 0 160 180 40 170 763 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
128 fnt82 170 624(1)m 160 fnt82 221 552(Blom,)m 703(Eric.)s
160 fnt83 1133 553(Some)m 170 373(Gr)m 5(eat)k 734(Composer)s 1(s.)k
160 fnt82 170 192(Oxford,)m 703(1944.)s 
grestore
1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 480 4831 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt82 170 2161(or)m
453(performer)s 6(,)k 1267(that)s 1657(is)s 170 1981(re)m 2(garded)k
862(else)s 4(where)k 1630(as)s 170 1801(perfectly)m 905(normal)s
1527(and)s 170 1621(natural;)m 762(b)s 3(ut)k 1078(if)s
1298(foreign)s 170 1441(students)m 905(of)s 1264(musical)s 170 1261(history)m
976(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1637(to)s 170 1081(ackno)m 4(wledge)k
1130(a)s 1326(British)s 170 901(musical)m 795(genius,)s 1376(he)s
1657(is)s 170 721(considered)m 901(a)s 1012(freak.)s 490 488(Such)m
957(a)s 1178(freak)s 1657(is)s 170 308(Henry)m 607(Purcell.)s
1170(Y)s 16(et)k 1426(if)s 1574(we)s 
grestore
1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 480 2337 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt82
170 2161(mak)m 1(e)k 565(a)s 690(choice)s 1157(of)s
1352(\207fteen)s 170 1981(of)m 407(the)s 695(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k
1264(musical)s 170 1801(classics,)m 740(as)s 918(here,)s 1276(we)s
1510(\207nd)s 170 1621(that)m 464(we)s 703(cannot)s 1185(omit)s
1533(this)s 170 1441(English)m 695(master)s 8(.)k 
grestore
0 1886(It)m
229(is)s 463(a)s 653(lar)s 4(ge)k 1206(rectangle)s
2161(made)s 2759(from)s 3307(three)s 3864(smaller)s 4651(rectangles)s
5694(\211)s 5898(its)s 6198(pages.)s 6931(Each)s 7490(page)s
8022(is)s 8256(made)s 8855(of)s 0 1598(lines;)m 578(each)s
1088(line)s 1517(is)s 1743(made)s 2332(of)s 2618(w)s 2(ords,)k
3324(although)s 4234(it)s 4441(mak)s 2(es)k 5117(sense)s
5706(for)s 6059(an)s 3(y)k 6472(rectangle)s 7418(\(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
8012(a)s 8194(complete)s 0 1310(document\))m 1072(to)s 1311(be)s
1593(part)s 2024(of)s 2295(a)s 2461(line,)s 2926(pro)s 3(vided)k
3832(it)s 4024(is)s 4234(not)s 4600(too)s 4959(lar)s 4(ge.)k
480 936(Lout)m 995(deals)s 1541(with)s 2027(something)s 3081(a)s
3251(little)s 3747(more)s 4298(complicated)s 5528(than)s 6001(rectangles:)s
240 fnt83 7079 938(objects.)m 240 fnt82 7914 936(An)m 8268(object)s
8916(is)s 0 648(a)m 176(rectangle)s 1118(with)s 1611(at)s
1854(least)s 2362(one)s 240 fnt83 2775 650(column)m 3545(mark)s
240 fnt82 4112 648(protruding)m 5186(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
5819(and)s 6234(belo)s 6(w)k 6878(it,)s 7128(and)s
7543(at)s 7786(least)s 8294(one)s 240 fnt83 8707 650(r)m 10(ow)k
192 fnt84 4490 0(1)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 2 8
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(2)m 240 fnt83 6965 13843(Chapter)m 7815(1.)s
8089(Principles)s 0 13205(mark)m 240 fnt82 557 13203(protruding)m 1621(to)s
1861(the)s 2211(left)s 2589(and)s 2994(right.)s 3611(The)s
4040(simplest)s 4897(objects)s 5627(contain)s 6389(w)s 2(ords)k
7024(lik)s 2(e)k 7438(metempsychosis,)s 0 12915(and)m 404(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
905(one)s 1307(mark)s 1859(of)s 2130(each)s 2625(type:)s
1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 12360 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 52(metempsychosis)m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 11909(The)m 441(rectangle)s 1386(e)s 3(xactly)k
2141(encloses)s 3016(the)s 3377(w)s 2(ord;)k 3993(its)s
4283(column)s 5072(mark)s 5637(is)s 5861(at)s 6107(the)s
6469(left)s 6859(edge,)s 7432(and)s 7850(its)s 8140(ro)s 6(w)k
8574(mark)s 0 11621(passes)m 668(through)s 1477(the)s 1831(middle)s
2558(of)s 2835(the)s 3190(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case)k
4276(letters.)s 5029(The)s 5463(rectangle)s 6401(and)s 6811(marks)s
7453(do)s 7752(not)s 8125(appear)s 8829(on)s 0 11333(the)m
348(printed)s 1083(page,)s 1642(b)s 4(ut)k 2004(to)s
2243(understand)s 3351(what)s 3876(Lout)s 4388(is)s 4598(doing)s
5197(you)s 5612(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6113(to)s
6352(imagine)s 7178(them.)s 480 10959(T)m 19(o)k 782(place)s
1344(tw)s 2(o)k 1756(objects)s 2487(side)s 2930(by)s
3226(side,)s 3721(we)s 4058(separate)s 4898(them)s 5438(by)s
5735(the)s 6085(symbol)s 220 fnt35 6847 10956(|,)m 240 fnt82
7009 10959(which)m 7653(denotes)s 8437(the)s 8788(act)s 0 10671(of)m
240 fnt83 271 10673(horizontal)m 1315(concatenation)s 240 fnt82 2665 10671(.)m
2829(So,)s 3189(if)s 3406(we)s 3741(write)s 220 fnt35
480 10189(USA  |  A)m 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 240 fnt82 0 9734(the)m
348(result)s 938(will)s 1364(be)s 1646(the)s 1994(object)s
476 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 9228 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 3(USA)m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
875 165 0 56 240 288 60 956 9229 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 2(Australia)m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 8777(Notice)m 718(that)s 1162(this)s
1583(object)s 2253(has)s 2648(tw)s 2(o)k 3084(column)s
3884(marks,)s 4601(b)s 4(ut)k 4988(still)s 5426(only)s
5931(one)s 6359(ro)s 6(w)k 6804(mark,)s 7428(because)s
220 fnt35 8266 8774(|)m 240 fnt82 8389 8777(mer)m 4(ges)k
0 8489(the)m 382(tw)s 2(o)k 827(ro)s 6(w)k
1282(marks)s 1952(together)s 13(.)k 2921(This)s 3431(mer)s 4(ging)k
4312(of)s 4618(ro)s 6(w)k 5073(marks)s 5743(\207x)s 3(es)k
6277(the)s 6660(v)s 3(ertical)k 7462(position)s 8325(of)s
8631(each)s 0 8201(object)m 647(with)s 1133(respect)s 1873(to)s
2115(the)s 2467(other)s 9(,)k 3060(b)s 4(ut)k
3425(it)s 3621(does)s 4115(not)s 4485(determine)s 5499(ho)s 6(w)k
5964(f)s 2(ar)k 6290(apart)s 6830(the)s 3(y)k
7297(are.)s 7756(This)s 8236(distance,)s 0 7913(or)m 240 fnt83
276 7915(gap)m 240 fnt82 629 7913(,)m 753(may)s 1236(be)s
1536(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2133(just)s 2555(after)s
3069(the)s 3434(symbol,)s 4263(as)s 4531(in)s 220 fnt35
4791 7910(|0.5i)m 240 fnt82 5264 7913(for)m 5620(e)s 3(xample,)k
6551(which)s 7210(speci\207es)s 8102(horizontal)s 0 7625(concatenation)m 1385(with)s
1867(a)s 2033(g)s 1(ap)k 2431(of)s 2702(half)s
3145(an)s 3428(inch.)s 4004(If)s 4234(no)s 4527(g)s 1(ap)k
4925(is)s 5135(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 5765(it)s
5957(is)s 6167(assumed)s 7049(to)s 7288(be)s 220 fnt35
7570 7622(0i)m 240 fnt82 7726 7625(.)m 240 fnt83 480 7253(V)m 26(ertical)k
1283(concatenation)s 240 fnt82 2633 7251(,)m 2740(denoted)s 3556(by)s
220 fnt35 3850 7248(/)m 240 fnt82 3914 7251(,)m 4021(is)s
4231(the)s 4579(same)s 5126(apart)s 5663(from)s 6187(the)s
6535(change)s 7269(of)s 7540(direction:)s 220 fnt35 480 6750(A)m 6(ustr)k 2(alia  /0.1i  USA)k
240 fnt82 0 6295(has)m 370(result)s 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 480 5840 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 2(Australia)m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
476 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 5531 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 3(USA)m

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 5080(The)m 485(usual)s 1102(mer)s 4(ging)k 2005(of)s
2333(marks)s 3026(occurs,)s 3814(and)s 4275(no)s 6(w)k
4793(the)s 5199(g)s 1(ap)k 5654(determines)s 6810(the)s
7215(v)s 3(ertical)k 8040(separation.)s 0 4792(Horizontal)m 1077(and)s
1481(v)s 3(ertical)k 2248(can)s 2637(be)s 2919(combined:)s
220 fnt35 1000 4340(USA)m 2256(|0.2i)s 2772(A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k
480 4052(/0.1i)m 1000(W)s 8(ashington)k 2256(|)s 2772(Canberr)s 2(a)k
240 fnt82 0 3553(has)m 370(result)s 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 3097 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 3(USA)m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
659 166 0 57 240 288 60 956 3097 LoutGr2
0 ymark moveto xsize 10 pt add ymark lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
875 165 0 56 240 288 60 1903 3098 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 2(Australia)m

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
1135 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 2738 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
1135 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
1135 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 52(W)m 19(ashington)k 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
876 166 0 57 240 288 60 1903 2787 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
876 166 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
876 166 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
0 3(Canberra)m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 2287(There)m 655(are)s
1044(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 1808(things)s 2486(to)s
2768(note)s 3278(carefully)s 4222(here.)s 4839(White)s 5522(space)s
6151(\(including)s 7229(tabs)s 7707(and)s 8154(ne)s 6(wlines\))k
0 1999(adjacent)m 848(to)s 1078(a)s 1236(concatenation)s 2612(symbol)s
3364(is)s 3565(ignored,)s 4395(so)s 4652(it)s 4836(may)s
5293(be)s 5567(used)s 6055(to)s 6286(lay)s 6623(out)s
6981(the)s 7320(e)s 3(xpression)k 8388(clearly)s 15(.)k
0 1711(The)m 425(symbol)s 220 fnt35 1182 1708(|)m 240 fnt82
1275 1711(tak)m 2(es)k 1812(precedence)s 2940(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
220 fnt35 3415 1708(/)m 240 fnt82 3479 1711(,)m 3583(which)s
4221(means)s 4880(that)s 5295(the)s 5639(ro)s 6(ws)k
6146(are)s 6490(formed)s 7234(\207rst,)s 7709(then)s 8174(v)s 3(ertically)k
0 1423(concatenated.)m 1420(The)s 1856(symbol)s 220 fnt35 2625 1420(/)m
240 fnt82 2757 1423(will)m 3191(mer)s 4(ge)k 3849(tw)s 2(o)k
4267(or)s 4535(more)s 5090(column)s 5873(marks,)s 6573(creating)s
7403(multiple)s 8264(columns)s 0 1135(\(and)m 220 fnt35 484 1132(|)m
240 fnt82 583 1135(will)m 1011(mer)s 4(ge)k 1662(tw)s 2(o)k
2073(or)s 2334(more)s 2883(ro)s 6(w)k 3305(marks\).)s
4134(This)s 4611(implies)s 5367(that)s 5787(the)s 6137(g)s 1(ap)k
220 fnt35 6536 1132(0.2i)m 240 fnt82 6937 1135(used)m 7436(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
8060(is)s 8272(between)s 0 847(columns,)m 910(not)s 1268(indi)s 6(vidual)k
2278(items)s 2838(in)s 3072(columns;)s 3987(a)s 4144(g)s 1(ap)k
4534(in)s 4768(the)s 5108(second)s 5822(ro)s 6(w)k
6234(w)s 2(ould)k 6880(therefore)s 7789(be)s 8062(redundant,)s
0 559(and)m 404(so)s 670(is)s 880(omitted.)s 480 185(A)m
710(v)s 6(ariant)k 1427(of)s 220 fnt35 1698 182(/)m
240 fnt82 1822 185(called)m 220 fnt35 2450 182(//)m 240 fnt82
2635 185(left-justi\207es)m 3825(tw)s 2(o)k 4235(objects)s 4963(instead)s
5698(of)s 5969(mer)s 4(ging)k 6815(their)s 7312(marks.)s

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 3 9
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(1.1.)m 454(Objects)s 240 fnt84 8953 13840(3)m
240 fnt82 480 13205(By)m 840(enclosing)s 1836(an)s 2145(object)s
2815(in)s 3085(braces,)s 3828(it)s 4046(is)s 4282(possible)s
5148(to)s 5414(o)s 3(v)k 3(erride)k 6286(the)s
6660(set)s 7011(precedences.)s 8369(Here)s 8916(is)s 0 12917(another)m
777(e)s 3(xpression)k 1854(for)s 2192(the)s 2540(table)s
3060(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 3733(in)s 3976(which)s
4618(the)s 4966(columns)s 5828(are)s 6175(formed)s 6923(\207rst:)s
220 fnt35 996 12416({ USA)m 2089(/0.1i)s 2609(W)s 8(ashington })k
480 12128(|0.2i)m 996({ A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 2089(/)s
2609(Canberr)s 2(a })k 240 fnt82 0 11634(Braces)m 701(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
1202(no)s 1495(ef)s 6(fect)k 2091(other)s 2642(than)s
3111(to)s 3350(alter)s 3833(the)s 4181(grouping.)s 240 fnt83
480 11262(P)m 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aph)k
1569(br)s 8(eaking)k 240 fnt82 2476 11260(occurs)m 3160(when)s
3746(an)s 4038(object)s 4692(is)s 4911(too)s 5280(wide)s
5810(to)s 6059(\207t)s 6327(into)s 6762(the)s 7119(space)s
7716(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8633(to)s 8882(it;)s
0 10972(by)m 286(breaking)s 1168(its)s 1436(paragraphs)s 2527(into)s
2944(lines,)s 3494(its)s 3762(width)s 4355(is)s 4557(reduced)s
5364(to)s 5595(an)s 5869(acceptable)s 6925(amount.)s 7799(The)s
8218(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 0 10684(space)m 587(is)s
797(determined)s 1930(by)s 2224(the)s 220 fnt35 2572 10681(@Wide)m
240 fnt82 3346 10684(symbol,)m 4158(whose)s 4826(form)s 5350(is)s
240 fnt83 480 10181(length)m 220 fnt35 1193 10176(@Wide)m 240 fnt83
2027 10181(object)m 240 fnt82 0 9680(and)m 404(whose)s 1072(result)s
1662(is)s 1872(the)s 2220(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
2800(object)s 3444(modi\207ed)s 4353(to)s 4592(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
5093(e)s 3(xactly)k 5834(the)s 6182(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
6762(length.)s 7524(F)s 3(or)k 7913(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 480 9179(5i @Wide {)m 480 8891(Macbeth w)m 3(as v)k 5(er)k -6(y ambitious)k 3(.)k 13(  )k 11(This led him to wish to become king of)k
480 8603(Scotland.)m 13(  )k 11(The witches told him that this wish of his w)k 2(ould come tr)k -3(ue)k 3(.)k 13(  )k 11(The)k
480 8315(king of Scotland at this time w)m 3(as Duncan.)k 13(  Encour)k 2(aged b)k 4(y his wif)k 6(e)k 3(, Macbeth)k
480 8027(m)m 2(urdered Duncan.)k 13(  He w)k 3(as thus enab)k 4(led to succeed Duncan as king.)k 13(  \(51 w)k 2(ords\))k
480 7739(|0.5i)m 480 7451(Encour)m 2(aged b)k 4(y his wif)k 6(e)k 3(, Macbeth achie)k 6(v)k 5(ed his ambition and realiz)k 3(ed the)k
480 7163(prediction of the witches b)m 4(y m)k 2(urder)k -3(ing Duncan and becoming king of Scotland)k 480 6875(in his place)m 3(.)k 13(  \(26 w)k 2(ords\))k
480 6587(})m 240 fnt82 0 6093(has)m 370(for)s 708(its)s
984(result)s 1574(the)s 1922(follo)s 6(wing)k 2899(\207v)s 3(e)k
3311(inch)s 3780(wide)s 4301(object)s 4945([7)s 5132(]:)s
480 5590(Macbeth)m 1356(w)s 2(as)k 1758(v)s 3(ery)k
2216(ambitious.)s 3304(This)s 480 5302(led)m 828(him)s 1257(to)s
1493(wish)s 2000(to)s 2236(become)s 3033(king)s 3509(of)s
480 5014(Scotland.)m 1538(The)s 2023(witches)s 2861(told)s 3348(him)s
480 4726(that)m 922(this)s 1343(wish)s 1876(of)s 2172(his)s
2526(w)s 2(ould)k 3206(come)s 480 4438(true.)m 1025(The)s
1464(king)s 1954(of)s 2235(Scotland)s 3141(at)s 3384(this)s
480 4150(time)m 959(w)s 2(as)k 1379(Duncan.)s 2287(Encouraged)s
3486(by)s 480 3862(his)m 818(wife,)s 1357(Macbeth)s 2259(murdered)s
3242(Dun)s 3652(-)s 480 3574(can.)m 995(He)s 1350(w)s 2(as)k
1790(thus)s 2260(enabled)s 3081(to)s 3340(suc)s 3652(-)s
480 3286(ceed)m 976(Duncan)s 1778(as)s 2028(king.)s 2618(\(51)s
2972(w)s 2(ords\))k 4440 5590(Encouraged)m 5653(by)s 5960(his)s
6302(wife,)s 6846(Macbeth)s 4440 5302(achie)m 6(v)k 3(ed)k
5409(his)s 5809(ambition)s 6786(and)s 7260(real)s 7612(-)s
4440 5014(ized)m 4910(the)s 5272(prediction)s 6312(of)s 6597(the)s
6959(witches)s 4440 4726(by)m 4731(murdering)s 5776(Duncan)s 6574(and)s
6974(becom)s 7612(-)s 4440 4438(ing)m 4818(king)s 5316(of)s
5606(Scotland)s 6520(in)s 6782(his)s 7132(place.)s 4440 4150(\(26)m
4812(w)s 2(ords\))k 0 2783(A)m 232(paragraph)s 1247(of)s
1520(te)s 3(xt)k 1937(can)s 2328(be)s 2612(included)s
3496(an)s 3(ywhere,)k 4533(and)s 4939(it)s 5133(will)s
5561(be)s 5845(brok)s 2(en)k 6567(automatically)s 7923(if)s
8143(necessary)s 0 2495(to)m 239(\207t)s 498(the)s 846(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
1754(space.)s 2449(The)s 2877(spaces)s 3552(between)s 4406(w)s 2(ords)k
5040(are)s 5387(con)s 9(v)k 3(erted)k 6376(into)s
6801(concatenation)s 8186(symbols.)s 480 2121(These)m 1136(are)s 1512(the)s
1889(most)s 2443(signi\207cant)s 3528(of)s 3828(Lout')s 13(s)k
4519(object-b)s 4(uilding)k 6058(symbols.)s 7049(There)s 7691(are)s
8067(others,)s 8788(for)s 0 1833(changing)m 924(fonts,)s 1501(controlling)s
2596(paragraph)s 3601(breaking,)s 4538(printing)s 5340(graphical)s 6277(objects)s
6997(lik)s 2(e)k 7402(box)s 3(es)k 8001(and)s
8397(circles,)s 0 1545(and)m 404(so)s 670(on,)s 1017(b)s 4(ut)k
1379(the)s 3(y)k 1842(do)s 2135(not)s 2501(add)s
2905(an)s 3(ything)k 3793(ne)s 6(w)k 4240(in)s
4483(principle.)s 240 fnt84 0 752(1.2.)m 471(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt82
480 321(The)m 897(features)s 1691(of)s 1950(Lout)s 2451(are)s
2786(v)s 3(ery)k 3250(general.)s 4105(The)s 3(y)k
4637(do)s 4918(not)s 5272(assume)s 6020(that)s 6427(documents)s
7503(are)s 7838(composed)s 8855(of)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 4 10
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(4)m 240 fnt83 6965 13843(Chapter)m 7815(1.)s
8089(Principles)s 240 fnt82 0 13204(pages,)m 637(nor)s 1001(that)s
1403(there)s 1921(are)s 2252(such)s 2733(things)s 3353(as)s
3588(mar)s 4(gins)k 4389(and)s 4778(footnotes,)s 5759(for)s
6082(e)s 3(xample.)k 240 fnt83 7037 13206(De\207nitions)m 240 fnt82
8127 13204(bridge)m 8778(the)s 0 12916(g)m 1(ap)k 397(between)s
1249(Lout')s 13(s)k 1910(general)s 2666(features)s 3470(and)s
3873(the)s 4219(special)s 4935(features)s 5740(\211)s 5918(footnotes,)s
6913(equations,)s 7936(pages)s 8530(\211)s 8708(that)s 0 12628(particular)m
991(documents)s 2097(require.)s 2954(The)s 3(y)k 3515(hold)s
4017(the)s 4382(instr)s 4806(uct)s 5098(ions)s 5566(for)s
5922(producing)s 6963(these)s 7528(special)s 8264(features,)s 0 12340(con)m 9(v)k 3(eniently)k
1278(packaged)s 2240(ready)s 2825(for)s 3163(use.)s 480 11966(F)m 3(or)k
885(e)s 3(xample,)k 1815(consider)s 2701(the)s 3065(challenge)s
4053(posed)s 4686(by)s 4996(`)s 5057(T)s 5153 11918(E)m
5261 11966(X)m 5430(',)s 5633(which)s 6291(is)s 6517(the)s
6881(name)s 7471(of)s 7758(one)s 8176(of)s 8464(Lout')s 13(s)k
0 11678(most)m 525(illustrious)s 1531(ri)s 6(v)k 6(als)k
2100([5)s 2285(].)s 2528(Lout)s 3040(solv)s 3(es)k
3686(it)s 3878(easily)s 4489(enough,)s 5302(lik)s 2(e)k
5714(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 11177(T{ /0.2f)m 6(o E }X)k 240 fnt82
0 10683(b)m 4(ut)k 373(to)s 624(type)s 1103(this)s
1511(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 2098(time)s 2590(T)s
2686 10635(E)m 2794 10683(X)m 3035(is)s 3256(mentioned)s 4336(w)s 2(ould)k
5002(be)s 5296(tedious)s 6050(and)s 6465(error)s 4(-prone.)k
7724(So)s 8041(we)s 8388(place)s 8960(a)s 0 10395(de\207nition)m
974(at)s 1206(the)s 1554(be)s 3(ginning)k 2562(of)s
2833(the)s 3181(document:)s 220 fnt35 480 9894(def  @T)m 26(eX  {  )k 11(T{ /0.2f)k 6(o E }X  })k
240 fnt82 0 9400(No)m 6(w)k 220 fnt35 514 9397(@T)m 26(eX)k
240 fnt82 1169 9400(stands)m 1818(for)s 2156(the)s 2504(object)s
3148(follo)s 6(wing)k 4125(it)s 4317(between)s 5171(braces,)s
5888(and)s 6292(we)s 6627(may)s 7093(write)s 220 fnt35
480 8899(consider)m 1370(the)s 1728(challenge)s 2719(posed)s 3366(b)s 4(y)k
3653(`@T)s 26(eX',)k 4451(\202)s 240 fnt82 0 8400(as)m
250(the)s 598(author)s 1269(did)s 1633(earlier)s 2301(in)s
2544(this)s 2940(paragraph.)s 480 8026(A)m 240 fnt83 706 8028(symbol)m
240 fnt82 1440 8026(is)m 1646(a)s 1808(name,)s 2429(lik)s 2(e)k
220 fnt35 2837 8023(@T)m 26(eX)k 240 fnt82 3432 8026(,)m
3535(which)s 4172(stands)s 4817(for)s 5151(something)s 6197(other)s
6744(than)s 7209(itself.)s 7845(The)s 8269(initial)s 220 fnt35
8875 8023(@)m 240 fnt82 0 7738(is)m 201(not)s 558(compulsory)s 15(,)k
1771(b)s 4(ut)k 2124(it)s 2307(does)s 2788(mak)s 2(e)k
3351(the)s 3690(name)s 4254(stand)s 4808(out)s 5165(clearly)s 15(.)k
5954(A)s 240 fnt83 6175 7740(de\207nition)m 240 fnt82 7124 7738(of)m
7386(a)s 7543(symbol)s 8293(declares)s 0 7450(a)m 164(name)s
736(to)s 973(be)s 1253(a)s 1417(symbol,)s 2227(and)s
2629(says)s 3090(what)s 3613(the)s 3959(symbol)s 4717(stands)s
5364(for)s 13(.)k 5791(The)s 240 fnt83 6217 7452(body)m
240 fnt82 6737 7450(of)m 7006(a)s 7170(de\207nition)s 8142(is)s
8350(the)s 8695(part)s 0 7162(follo)m 6(wing)k 977(the)s
1325(name,)s 1950(between)s 2804(the)s 3152(braces.)s 3926(T)s 19(o)k
240 fnt83 4226 7164(in)m 9(vok)k 2(e)k 240 fnt82
4892 7162(a)m 5058(symbol)s 5818(is)s 6028(to)s 6267(mak)s 2(e)k
6839(use)s 7214(of)s 7485(it.)s 480 6788(Another)m 1324(e)s 3(xpression)k
2401(ripe)s 2828(for)s 3166(packaging)s 4203(in)s 4446(a)s
4612(de\207nition)s 5586(is)s 220 fnt35 480 6287(@OneRo)m 3(w {  |  -2p @F)k 6(ont n  ^/0.5fk  2  })k
240 fnt82 0 5745(which)m 642(produces)s 200 fnt82 1671 5862(n)m
240 fnt82 1557 5745(2)m 1828(\(see)s 2268(Chapter)s 3085(2\).)s
3448(But)s 3854(this)s 4250(time)s 4730(we)s 5065(w)s 2(ould)k
5720(lik)s 2(e)k 6132(to)s 6371(be)s 6653(able)s
7107(to)s 7346(write)s 240 fnt83 480 5242(object)m 220 fnt35
1188 5237(@Super)m 240 fnt83 2116 5242(object)m 240 fnt82 0 4640(so)m
296(that)s 220 fnt35 745 4637(a)m 953(@Super)s 1853(2)s
240 fnt82 2055 4640(w)m 2(ould)k 2741(come)s 3345(out)s
3742(as)s 200 fnt82 4128 4769(2)m 240 fnt82 4022 4640(a)m
4223(,)s 4361(and)s 4796(so)s 5092(on,)s 5470(for)s
5838(in)s 6112(this)s 6538(w)s 2(ay)k 7020(the)s
7398(usefulness)s 8476(of)s 8778(the)s 0 4352(de\207nition)m 974(is)s
1184(greatly)s 1901(increased.)s 2967(Here)s 3487(is)s 3697(ho)s 6(w)k
4158(it)s 4350(is)s 4560(done:)s 220 fnt35 480 3851(def @Super)m
480 3563(   left x)m 480 3275(   r)m -3(ight y)k 480 2987({ @OneRo)m 3(w {  |  -2p @F)k 6(ont y  ^/0.5fk  x  })k
480 2699(})m 240 fnt82 0 2205(This)m 492(de\207nition)s 1483(says)s
1963(that)s 220 fnt35 2398 2202(@Super)m 240 fnt82 3283 2205(has)m
3669(tw)s 2(o)k 240 fnt83 4096 2207(par)m 3(ameter)k 2(s)k
240 fnt82 5176 2205(,)m 220 fnt35 5300 2202(x)m 240 fnt82
5485 2205(and)m 220 fnt35 5906 2202(y)m 240 fnt82 6014 2205(.)m
6194(When)s 220 fnt35 6840 2202(@Super)m 240 fnt82 7725 2205(is)m
7952(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 8833(all)s
0 1917(occurrences)m 1205(of)s 220 fnt35 1490 1914(x)m 240 fnt82
1671 1917(in)m 1928(the)s 2289(body)s 2837(will)s 3276(be)s
3572(replaced)s 4452(by)s 4760(the)s 5121(object)s 5779(just)s
6197(to)s 6450(the)s 6811(left)s 7202(of)s 220 fnt35
7486 1914(@Super)m 240 fnt82 8294 1917(,)m 8415(and)s 8833(all)s
0 1629(occurrences)m 1192(of)s 220 fnt35 1462 1626(y)m 240 fnt82
1630 1629(will)m 2055(be)s 2337(replaced)s 3203(by)s 3496(the)s
3844(object)s 4487(just)s 4892(to)s 5130(the)s 5477(right.)s
6092(So,)s 6451(for)s 6789(e)s 3(xample,)k 7702(the)s
8049(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt35 480 1128(2  @Super  { Slope @F)m 6(ont n })k
240 fnt82 0 632(is)m 210(equal)s 783(to)s 220 fnt35
480 131(@OneRo)m 3(w {  |  -2p @F)k 6(ont { Slope @F)k 6(ont n }  ^/0.5fk  2  })k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 5 11
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13844(1.2.)m 454(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt84 8953 13841(5)m
240 fnt82 0 13151(and)m 404(so)s 670(comes)s 1332(out)s
1698(as)s 200 fnt83 2062 13281(n)m 240 fnt82 1948 13151(2)m
2157(.)s 480 12777(Lout)m 994(permits)s 1764(de\207nitions)s 2828(to)s
3070(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k 3765(themselv)s 3(es,)k
4934(a)s 5103(peculiarly)s 6115(circular)s 6905(thing)s 7453(to)s
7695(do)s 7991(which)s 8636(goes)s 0 12489(by)m 294(the)s
642(name)s 1216(of)s 240 fnt83 1487 12491(r)m 8(ecur)k 2(sion.)k
240 fnt82 2548 12489(Here)m 3068(is)s 3278(an)s 3561(e)s 3(xample)k
4424(of)s 4695(a)s 4861(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5783(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt35 480 11988(def  @Leaders  {  ..)m 13(   @Leaders  })k 240 fnt82
0 11494(The)m 418(usual)s 968(rule)s 1384(is)s 1584(that)s
1991(the)s 2329(v)s 6(alue)k 2886(of)s 3147(an)s
3420(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4463(of)s 4724(a)s
4879(symbol)s 5629(is)s 5828(a)s 5984(cop)s 2(y)k
6492(of)s 6752(the)s 7090(body)s 7613(of)s 7874(the)s
8211(symbol')s 13(s)k 0 11206(de\207nition,)m 1024(so)s 1290(the)s
1638(v)s 6(alue)k 2206(of)s 220 fnt35 2477 11203(@Leaders)m
240 fnt82 3546 11206(must)m 4071(be)s 220 fnt35 480 10724(..)m 13(   @Leaders)k
240 fnt82 0 10269(But)m 406(no)s 6(w)k 867(this)s
1263(rule)s 1690(applies)s 2418(to)s 2657(this)s 3053(ne)s 6(w)k
3500(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4554(of)s 220 fnt35
4825 10266(@Leaders)m 240 fnt82 5834 10269(;)m 5946(substituting)s 7115(its)s
7391(body)s 7925(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 220 fnt35
480 9768(..)m 13(   ..)k 13(   @Leaders)k 240 fnt82 0 9313(and)m
408(so)s 679(on)s 980(fore)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 13(.)k
1816(In)s 2076(order)s 2645(to)s 2888(mak)s 2(e)k
3465(this)s 3865(useful,)s 4561(an)s 4848(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
5907(of)s 6182(a)s 6353(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
7279(symbol)s 8044(is)s 8259(replaced)s 0 9025(by)m 294(its)s
570(body)s 1104(only)s 1584(if)s 1801(suf\207cient)s 2750(space)s
3337(is)s 3547(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable.)k 4563(So,)s
4923(for)s 5261(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 8524(4i @Wide { Chapter 7  @Leaders   62 })m
240 fnt82 0 8028(has)m 370(for)s 708(its)s 984(result)s
1574(the)s 1922(object)s 480 7524(Chapter)m 1297(7)s 1525(..)s
1809(..)s 2093(..)s 2377(..)s 2661(..)s 2945(..)s
3229(..)s 3513(..)s 3797(..)s 4081(..)s 4365(..)s
4649(..)s 4933(..)s 5217(..)s 5501(..)s 5785(62)s
0 7021(with)m 478(Lout)s 985(checking)s 1897(before)s 2558(each)s
3049(replacement)s 4271(of)s 220 fnt35 4537 7018(@Leaders)m 240 fnt82
5601 7021(by)m 220 fnt35 5891 7018(..)m 6177(@Leaders)s 240 fnt82
7241 7021(that)m 7654(the)s 7997(total)s 8471(length)s 0 6733(afterw)m 2(ards,)k
1112(including)s 2069(the)s 2417(other)s 2968(w)s 2(ords,)k
3658(w)s 2(ould)k 4313(not)s 4679(e)s 3(xceed)k
5398(four)s 5856(inches.)s 480 6359(The)m 902(remaining)s 1918(issue)s
2445(is)s 2649(what)s 3168(happens)s 3997(when)s 4567(Lout)s
5072(decides)s 5834(that)s 6246(it)s 6431(is)s 6635(time)s
7109(to)s 7341(stop.)s 7898(The)s 8319(ob)s 3(vious)k
0 6071(thing)m 545(to)s 784(do)s 1077(is)s 1287(to)s
1526(replace)s 2271(the)s 2619(last)s 3010(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
4064(by)s 4358(an)s 4641(empty)s 5293(object:)s 220 fnt35
480 5573(..)m 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    {})k
240 fnt82 0 5079(As)m 316(the)s 662(e)s 3(xample)k
1524(sho)s 6(ws,)k 2222(this)s 2617(w)s 2(ould)k
3270(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3822(a)s 3986(small)s
4556(trailing)s 5297(space,)s 5933(which)s 6574(is)s 6782(a)s
6947(major)s 7562(headache.)s 8614(Lout)s 0 4791(\207x)m 3(es)k
517(this)s 930(by)s 1242(replacing)s 2201(the)s 2566(last)s
2975(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4046(with)s 4545(a)s
4729(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5621(kind)s 6122(of)s 6411(empty)s
7080(object,)s 7788(called)s 220 fnt35 8434 4788(@Null)m 240 fnt82
9019 4791(,)m 0 4503(whose)m 677(ef)s 6(fect)k 1282(is)s
1501(to)s 1749(mak)s 2(e)k 2330(an)s 2623(adjacent)s
3488(concatenation)s 4882(symbol)s 5651(disappear)s 9(,)k 6674(preferably)s
7718(one)s 8130(preceding)s 0 4215(the)m 220 fnt35 348 4212(@Null)m
240 fnt82 933 4215(.)m 1097(Thus,)s 1683(when)s 2259(Lout)s
2771(replaces)s 220 fnt35 3604 4212(@Leaders)m 240 fnt82 4673 4215(by)m
220 fnt35 4967 4212(@Null)m 240 fnt82 5612 4215(in)m 5855(the)s
6203(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt35 480 3714(..)m 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    ..)k 13(    @Leaders)k
240 fnt82 0 3259(the)m 348(trailing)s 1089(space,)s 1727(which)s
2368(is)s 2577(really)s 3174(a)s 3339(horizontal)s 4362(concatenation)s
5747(symbol,)s 6558(disappears)s 7617(as)s 7867(well.)s 8441(This)s
8916(is)s 0 2971(tak)m 2(en)k 573(into)s 998(account)s
1802(when)s 2378(deciding)s 3255(whether)s 4085(there)s 4618(is)s
4828(room)s 5393(to)s 5632(replace)s 220 fnt35 6377 2968(@Leaders)m
240 fnt82 7446 2971(by)m 7740(its)s 8016(body)s 15(.)k
480 2597(The)m 903(remainder)s 1926(of)s 2192(this)s 2583(section)s
3312(is)s 3517(de)s 6(v)k 4(oted)k 4318(to)s
4552(sho)s 6(wing)k 5406(ho)s 6(w)k 5862(de\207nitions)s
6918(may)s 7379(be)s 7656(used)s 8148(to)s 8382(specify)s
0 2309(the)m 240 fnt83 348 2311(pa)m 2(g)k 2(e)k
863(layout)s 240 fnt82 1525 2309(of)m 1796(a)s 1962(document.)s
3070(T)s 19(o)k 3370(be)s 3(gin)k 3956(with,)s
4488(we)s 4823(can)s 5212(de\207ne)s 5853(a)s 6019(page)s
6527(lik)s 2(e)k 6939(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 1808(def @P)m 8(age)k
480 1520({)m 480 1232(    //1i  ||1i)m 480 944(    6i @Wide 9.5i @High)m 480 656(    { @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace  //1r)k -8(t  @F)k 6(ootSect })k
480 368(    ||1i  //1i)m 480 80(})m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 6 12
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(6)m 240 fnt83 6965 13843(Chapter)m 7815(1.)s
8089(Principles)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(No)m 6(w)k 220 fnt35
520 13202(@P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt82 1306 13205(is)m 1523(an)s
1813(eight)s 2358(by)s 2659(ele)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
3338(and)s 3749(a)s 3922(half)s 4371(inch)s 4847(object,)s
5545(with)s 6034(one)s 6443(inch)s 6919(mar)s 4(gins,)k
7799(a)s 7972(place)s 8539(at)s 8778(the)s 0 12917(top)m
367(for)s 713(te)s 3(xt,)k 1183(and)s 1595(a)s
1769(section)s 2511(at)s 2751(the)s 3108(bottom)s 3854(for)s
4200(footnotes)s 5149(\(since)s 220 fnt35 5783 12914(//1r)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 6233 12917(bottom-justi\207es)m 7792(the)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k
0 12629(object\).)m 827(It)s 1032(will)s 1458(be)s 1740(con)s 9(v)k 3(enient)k
2838(for)s 3176(us)s 3440(to)s 3679(sho)s 6(w)k
4233(the)s 4581(ef)s 6(fect)k 5177(of)s 5448(in)s 9(v)k 4(oking)k
220 fnt35 6340 12626(@P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt82 7119 12629(lik)m 2(e)k
7531(this:)s 160 fnt35 480 11528(@P)m 6(age)k 220 fnt78
1240 11514(\336)m gsave
1690 9795 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k
170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k 
grestore
240 fnt82 0 9344(with)m 482(the)s
830(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 1645(symbol)s
2405(appearing)s 3401(to)s 3640(the)s 3988(left)s 4365(of)s
4636(the)s 4984(arro)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 5627(and)s
6031(its)s 6307(body)s 6841(to)s 7080(the)s 7428(right.)s
480 8970(The)m 908(de\207nition)s 1882(of)s 2153(a)s 2319(v)s 3(ertical)k
3086(list)s 3437(of)s 3708(pages)s 4304(should)s 5001(come)s
5575(as)s 5825(no)s 6118(surprise:)s 220 fnt35 480 8469(def @P)m 8(ageList)k
480 8181({)m 480 7893(    @P)m 8(age  //  @P)k 8(ageList)k 480 7605(})m
240 fnt82 0 7111(This)m 476(allo)s 6(ws)k 1145(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k
2286(lik)s 2(e)k 2698(the)s 3046(follo)s 6(wing:)k
gsave
480 0 translate
1.0867 1.0000 scale
160 fnt35 0 6010(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt78 890 5996(\336)m
gsave
1220 4277 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
160 fnt35 1220 4047(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt78 3267 5996(\336)m
gsave
3597 4277 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
gsave
3597 1783 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
160 fnt35 3597 1553(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt78 5644 5996(\336)m
gsave
5974 4277 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
gsave
5974 1783 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore

grestore
0 1067(setting)m 220 fnt35 750 1064(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82
1874 1067(to)m 200 fnt35 2113 1069(@Null)m 240 fnt82 2706 1067(on)m
3003(the)s 3351(last)s 3742(step.)s 4291(An)s 3(y)k
4755(number)s 5546(of)s 5817(pages)s 6413(can)s 6802(be)s
7084(generated.)s 480 693(A)m 703(de\207nition)s 1669(for)s 220 fnt35
1999 690(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt82 3209 693(is)m
3411(be)s 3(yond)k 4164(us)s 4420(at)s 4644(present,)s
5433(since)s 220 fnt35 5972 690(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k
240 fnt82 7182 693(must)m 7699(be)s 7973(replaced)s 8832(by)s
0 405(dif)m 6(ferent)k 877(parts)s 1394(of)s 1667(the)s
2018(te)s 3(xt)k 2435(of)s 2708(the)s 3059(document)s
4065(on)s 4364(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5242(pages.)s 5953(But)s
6361(we)s 6699(can)s 7090(de\207ne)s 220 fnt35 7733 402(@F)m 6(ootSect)k
240 fnt82 8887 405(to)m 0 117(be)m 282(a)s 448(small)s
1020(space)s 1607(follo)s 6(wed)k 2509(by)s 2803(a)s
2969(horizontal)s 3993(line)s 4407(follo)s 6(wed)k 5309(by)s
5603(a)s 5769(list)s 6120(of)s 6391(places)s 7039(where)s
7679(footnotes)s 8620(go:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 7 13
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13844(1.2.)m 454(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt84 8951 13841(7)m
220 fnt35 480 13208(def @F)m 6(ootList         )k 480 12920({                     )m 480 12632(   @F)m 6(ootPlace  //0.3v  @F)k 6(ootList)k
480 12344(}                     )m 480 12056(                      )m 480 11768(def @F)m 6(ootSect)k 480 11480({                        )m
480 11192(   //0.3v 1i @Wide @HLine)m 480 10904(   //0.3v @F)m 6(ootList      )k 480 10616(}                        )m 240 fnt82
0 10122(assuming)m 950(that)s 220 fnt35 1360 10119(@HLine)m 240 fnt82
2199 10122(will)m 2617(produce)s 3436(a)s 3594(horizontal)s 4610(line)s
5016(of)s 5279(the)s 5619(indicated)s 6545(width.)s 7246(W)s 9(ith)k
7764(this)s 8152(de\207nition)s 0 9834(we)m 335(can)s 724(generate)s
1589(pages)s 2185(lik)s 2(e)k 2597(this:)s gsave
480 7000 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35
170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
220 fnt78 2647 8719(\336)m gsave
3097 7000 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k
567 0 0 0 160 180 44 170 346 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
170 173(@F)m 4(ootList)k 
grestore
5264(\336)s gsave
5714 7000 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k
567 0 0 0 160 180 44 170 522 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
170 349(@F)m 4(ootPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootList)k 
grestore
240 fnt82
0 6549(and)m 404(so)s 670(on)s 967(for)s 1305(arbitrarily)s
2312(man)s 3(y)k 2895(footnotes.)s 480 6175(W)m 19(e)k
852(will)s 1281(see)s 1646(in)s 1892(the)s 2244(ne)s 3(xt)k
2716(section)s 3454(ho)s 6(w)k 3918(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k
5063(of)s 220 fnt35 5337 6172(@P)m 8(ageList,)k 6511(@F)s 6(ootSect)k
240 fnt82 7665 6175(and)m 220 fnt35 8073 6172(@F)m 6(ootList)k
240 fnt82 0 5887(are)m 356(replaced)s 1232(by)s 1535(their)s
2041(bodies)s 2726(only)s 3216(when)s 3801(the)s 4158(need)s
4677(to)s 4925(insert)s 5524(te)s 3(xt)k 5949(and)s
6362(footnotes)s 7312(obliges)s 8063(Lout)s 8584(to)s 8833(do)s
0 5599(so;)m 352(otherwise)s 1364(the)s 1740(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k
2908(are)s 3283(replaced)s 4177(by)s 220 fnt35 4499 5596(@Null)m
240 fnt82 5084 5599(.)m 5275(In)s 5559(this)s 5982(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k
6499(the)s 6874(right)s 7413(number)s 8231(of)s 8530(pages)s
0 5311(is)m 223(made,)s 862(the)s 1224(small)s 1810(line)s
2238(appears)s 3033(only)s 3527(on)s 3838(pages)s 4447(that)s
4879(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5394(at)s 5640(least)s
6151(one)s 6567(footnote,)s 7485(and)s 7903(unnecessary)s 0 5023(concatenation)m
1385(symbols)s 2234(disappear)s 13(.)k 480 4649(This)m 958(approach)s
1894(to)s 2135(page)s 2645(layout)s 3305(is)s 3517(the)s
3867(most)s 4394(original)s 5194(contrib)s 4(ution)k 6418(Lout)s
6932(has)s 7304(made)s 7880(to)s 8122(document)s 0 4361(formatting.)m
1172(It)s 1377(is)s 1587(e)s 3(xtraordinarily)k 3057(\210e)s 3(xible.)k
3935(T)s 19(w)k 2(o-column)k 5207(pages?)s 5971(Use)s
220 fnt35 480 3860({2.8i @Wide @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace}  ||0.4i  {2.8i @Wide @T)k 26(e)k 6(xtPlace})k
240 fnt82 0 3366(instead)m 768(of)s 220 fnt35 1072 3363(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k
240 fnt82 2230 3366(.)m 2427(F)s 3(ootnotes)k 3452(in)s
3728(smaller)s 4523(type?)s 5187(Use)s 220 fnt35 5648 3363(-2p)m
6051(@F)s 6(ont)k 6797(@F)s 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt82
8086 3366(instead)m 8855(of)s 220 fnt35 0 3075(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k
240 fnt82 1196 3078(.)m 1360(And)s 1831(on)s 2128(and)s
2532(on.)s 240 fnt84 0 2330(1.3.)m 471(Cr)s 4(oss)k
1106(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ences)k 240 fnt82 480 1898(A)m
705(cross)s 1241(reference)s 2178(in)s 2415(common)s 3304(terminology)s
4521(is)s 4725(something)s 5769(lik)s 2(e)k 6176(`see)s
6610(T)s 19(able)k 7185(6')s 7411(or)s 7664(`see)s
8098(page)s 8600(57')s 8946(\211)s 0 1610(a)m 168(reference)s
1114(within)s 1785(a)s 1954(document)s 2961(to)s 3202(some)s
3766(other)s 4320(part)s 4754(of)s 5028(it.)s 5327(Readers)s
6150(\207nd)s 6584(them)s 7125(v)s 3(ery)k 7604(useful,)s
8298(b)s 4(ut)k 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 1322(are)m
343(a)s 504(major)s 1116(problem)s 1969(for)s 2302(authors.)s
3165(As)s 3478(the)s 3821(document)s 4820(is)s 5025(re)s 6(vised,)k
5812(T)s 19(able)k 6388(6)s 6556(becomes)s 7440(T)s 19(able)k
8016(7,)s 8238(the)s 8581(thing)s 0 1034(on)m 297(page)s
805(57)s 1093(mo)s 3(v)k 3(es)k 1763(to)s
2002(page)s 2510(63,)s 2857(and)s 3261(all)s 3554(the)s
3902(cross)s 4444(references)s 5475(must)s 6000(be)s 6282(changed.)s
480 660(The)m 917(Scribe)s 1593(document)s 2606(formatter)s 9(,)k
3601(de)s 6(v)k 3(eloped)k 4644(by)s 4947(Brian)s
5545(K.)s 5831(Reid)s 6351([6)s 6543(],)s 6739(introduced)s
7829(a)s 8005(scheme)s 8788(for)s 0 372(k)m 2(eeping)k
804(track)s 1337(of)s 1603(cross)s 2140(references.)s 3279(It)s
3479(allo)s 6(ws)k 4143(you)s 4553(to)s 4787(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5241(names)s 5898(to)s 6132(tables,)s 6791(\207gures,)s 7544(etc.,)s
7984(and)s 8383(to)s 8617(refer)s 0 84(to)m 233(them)s
764(by)s 1051(name.)s 1726(The)s 2147(formatter)s 3087(inserts)s
3754(the)s 4095(appropriate)s 5233(numbers)s 6101(in)s 6337(place)s
6890(of)s 7154(the)s 7495(names,)s 8206(so)s 8465(that)s
8876(as)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 8 14
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(8)m 240 fnt83 6965 13843(Chapter)m 7815(1.)s
8089(Principles)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(the)m 342(document)s 1339(is)s
1543(re)s 6(vised,)k 2327(the)s 2669(cross)s 3204(references)s
4229(are)s 4569(k)s 2(ept)k 5033(up)s 5319(to)s
5552(date)s 5999(automatically)s 15(.)k 7442(Lout)s 7947(has)s
8310(adopted)s 0 12917(and)m 404(e)s 3(xtended)k 1323(this)s
1719(scheme.)s 480 12543(In)m 726(Lout,)s 1275(automatic)s 2260(cross)s
2792(referencing)s 3922(w)s 2(orks)k 4546(in)s 4779(the)s
5117(follo)s 6(wing)k 6084(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k
6620(First)s 7107(de\207ne)s 7738(a)s 7894(symbol)s 8644(with)s
0 12255(a)m 166(parameter)s 1180(with)s 1662(the)s 2010(special)s
2728(name)s 220 fnt35 3302 12252(@T)m 26(ag:)k 480 11754(def @T)m 26(ab)k 4(le)k
480 11466(   left @T)m 26(ag)k 480 11178(   r)m -3(ight @V)k 15(alue)k
480 10890({)m 480 10602(   ||1i  @V)m 15(alue)k 480 10314(})m 240 fnt82
0 9820(When)m 643(this)s 1054(symbol)s 1829(is)s 2054(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k
2933(the)s 3296(v)s 6(alue)k 3879(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
4474(to)s 220 fnt35 4727 9817(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt82
5365 9820(should)m 6077(be)s 6374(a)s 6555(simple)s 7263(w)s 2(ord)k
7826(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35 8253 9817(cities)m 240 fnt82
8745 9820(,)m 8867(or)s 0 9532(se)m 6(v)k 3(eral)k
722(simple)s 1415(w)s 2(ords)k 2049(juxtaposed)s 3144(lik)s 2(e)k
220 fnt35 3556 9529(cities compare)m 240 fnt82 4962 9532(;)m 5074(it)s
5266(serv)s 3(es)k 5911(to)s 6150(name)s 6724(the)s
7072(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation:)k 220 fnt35 480 9031({ cities compare } @T)m 26(ab)k 4(le)k
480 8743({)m 480 8455(    )m 8(W)k 8(ashington  |0.5i  Canberr)k 2(a)k
480 8167(})m 240 fnt82 0 7673(W)m 19(e)k 410(may)s
917(no)s 6(w)k 1419(refer)s 1969(to)s 2249(this)s
2686(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3782(else)s 6(where)k
4828(in)s 5112(the)s 5501(document,)s 6593(using)s 7206(the)s
240 fnt83 7595 7675(cr)m 10(oss)k 8187(r)s 8(efer)k 8(ence)k
220 fnt35 0 7382(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&{ cities compare }.)k 240 fnt82
2918 7385(Here)m 220 fnt35 3480 7382(&&)m 240 fnt82 3870 7385(is)m
4122(the)s 240 fnt83 4511 7387(cr)m 10(oss)k 5103(r)s 8(efer)k 8(ence)k
6084(symbol)s 240 fnt82 6762 7385(;)m 6916(its)s 7233(left)s
7652(parameter)s 8708(is)s 8960(a)s 0 7097(symbol)m 772(and)s
1189(its)s 1478(right)s 2002(parameter)s 3028(is)s 3251(the)s
3612(v)s 6(alue)k 4193(of)s 4476(the)s 220 fnt35
4837 7094(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt82 5473 7097(parameter)m 6500(of)s
6783(some)s 7357(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 8424(of)s
8708(that)s 0 6809(symbol.)m 869(Of)s 1193(course)s 1873(it')s 13(s)k
2215(simplest)s 3071(if)s 3288(you)s 3703(use)s 4078(just)s
4483(a)s 4649(one-w)s 2(ord)k 5622(tag;)s 6026(then)s
6495(no)s 6788(braces)s 7449(are)s 7796(needed.)s 480 6435(A)m
695(cross)s 1222(reference)s 2150(is)s 2345(not)s 2696(an)s
2964(object;)s 3645(the)s 3978(reader)s 4619(should)s 5301(think)s
5839(of)s 6095(it)s 6272(as)s 6507(an)s 6775(arro)s 6(w)k
7365(in)s 7593(the)s 7926(\207nal)s 8391(printed)s 0 6147(document,)m
1049(be)s 3(ginning)k 2054(at)s 2284(the)s 2629(cross)s
3169(reference)s 4109(and)s 4511(ending)s 5213(at)s 5443(the)s
5788(top)s 6145(of)s 6413(the)s 6759(tar)s 4(get)k
7355(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation.)k 8513(Three)s 0 5859(special)m
715(v)s 6(alues)k 1367(may)s 1830(be)s 2108(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
2685(to)s 2920(the)s 3264(right)s 3772(parameter)s 4782(of)s
220 fnt35 5050 5856(&&)m 240 fnt82 5338 5859(:)m 220 fnt35
5500 5856(preceding)m 240 fnt82 6451 5859(,)m 220 fnt35 6555 5856(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 7385 5859(,)m 7488(and)s 220 fnt35 7888 5856(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k
240 fnt82 9022 5859(.)m 0 5571(The)m 467(cross)s 1049(reference)s
220 fnt35 2032 5568(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&preceding)k 240 fnt82
4116 5571(points)m 4792(to)s 5071(some)s 5671(table)s 6231(appearing)s
7267(earlier)s 7975(in)s 8258(the)s 8646(\207nal)s 0 5283(printed)m
760(document)s 1790(than)s 2285(itself;)s 2899(that)s 3343(is,)s
3635(the)s 4009(arro)s 6(w)k 4640(is)s 4876(guaranteed)s
6009(to)s 6274(point)s 6852(backw)s 2(ards)k 7950(through)s
8778(the)s 0 4995(document.)m 1108(Usually)s 1907(it)s 2100(points)s
2737(to)s 2977(the)s 3326(nearest)s 4063(preceding)s 5060(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation.)k
6222(Similarly)s 15(,)k 220 fnt35 7203 4992(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 0 4707(points)m 636(forw)s 2(ards,)k 1590(usually)s
2335(to)s 2574(the)s 2922(nearest)s 3657(follo)s 6(wing)k
4634(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation.)k 220 fnt35 5795 4704(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&f)k 6(oll_or_prec)k
240 fnt82 8022 4707(is)m 8232(the)s 8579(same)s 0 4419(as)m
220 fnt35 250 4416(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 2173 4419(if)m 2390(it)s 2582(e)s 3(xists,)k
3230(otherwise)s 4215(it)s 4407(is)s 4617(the)s 4965(same)s
5512(as)s 220 fnt35 5762 4416(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&preceding)k
240 fnt82 7746 4419(.)m 480 4045(This)m 962(section)s 1702(has)s
2079(been)s 2594(concerned)s 3641(with)s 4130(what)s 4661(a)s
4834(cross)s 5382(reference)s 6331(is)s 6548(\211)s 6734(an)s
7023(arro)s 6(w)k 7635(from)s 8165(one)s 8574(point)s
0 3757(in)m 242(a)s 407(document)s 1410(to)s 1648(another)s
2424(\211)s 2603(b)s 4(ut)k 2963(not)s 3328(with)s
3809(ho)s 6(w)k 4269(it)s 4460(is)s 4669(used.)s
5271(One)s 5724(simple)s 6416(w)s 2(ay)k 6866(to)s
7104(use)s 7478(a)s 7643(cross)s 8183(reference)s 0 3469(is)m
210(to)s 449(put)s 815(it)s 1007(where)s 1647(an)s
1930(object)s 2574(is)s 2784(e)s 3(xpected,)k 3738(lik)s 2(e)k
4150(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 2968(a  |  @T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&cities  |  c)k
240 fnt82 0 2513(In)m 265(this)s 670(case)s 1146(the)s
1504(cross)s 2055(reference)s 3007(will)s 3443(be)s 3734(replaced)s
4610(by)s 4914(a)s 5089(cop)s 2(y)k 5616(of)s
5897(the)s 6254(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7317(it)s
7519(points)s 8164(to:)s 8525(in)s 8778(the)s 0 2225(e)m 3(xample)k
866(just)s 1275(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 1909(a)s
2079(table)s 2603(will)s 3033(appear)s 3734(between)s 220 fnt35
4591 2222(a)m 240 fnt82 4772 2225(and)m 220 fnt35 5180 2222(c.)m
240 fnt82 5456 2225(Other)m 6064(applications)s 7274(of)s 7549(cross)s
8095(references)s 0 1937(may)m 466(be)s 747(found)s 1364(in)s
1606(Chapter)s 2423(4,)s 2649(including)s 3606(\207nding)s 4337(the)s
4685(number)s 5475(of)s 5746(the)s 6093(page)s 6601(where)s
7240(something)s 8289(appears,)s 0 1649(producing)m 1018(running)s 1809(page)s
2311(headers)s 3085(and)s 3483(footers,)s 4246(and)s 4643(accessing)s
5606(databases)s 6566(of)s 6831(Roman)s 7573(numerals,)s 8549(refer)s
8998(-)s 0 1361(ences,)m 638(etc.)s 1080(Cross)s 1676(references)s
2707(are)s 3054(also)s 3492(used)s 3989(by)s 4283(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k
5063(as)s 5313(will)s 5739(be)s 6021(e)s 3(xplained)k
7006(in)s 7249(the)s 7597(ne)s 3(xt)k 8066(section.)s
480 987(The)m 943(implementation)s 2535(of)s 2841(cross)s 3418(referencing)s
4593(copies)s 5290(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5901(symbol)s
6696(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7785(with)s 8302(a)s
220 fnt35 8503 984(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt82 0 699(parameter)m
1008(into)s 1427(the)s 240 fnt83 1768 701(cr)m 10(oss-r)k 8(efer)k 8(ence)k
3275(database)s 240 fnt82 4133 699(,)m 4233(a)s 4393(collection)s
5385(of)s 5650(\207les)s 6093(whose)s 6754(names)s 7410(end)s
7807(in)s 220 fnt35 8044 696(.ld)m 240 fnt82 8316 699(inde)m 3(x)k 3(ed)k
0 411(by)m 286(one)s 679(\207le)s 1032(whose)s 1691(name)s
2256(is)s 220 fnt35 2458 408(lout.li)m 240 fnt82 2954 411(.)m
3109(It)s 3306(is)s 3507(generally)s 4441(the)s 4781(case)s
5239(that)s 5649(the)s 5988(b)s 4(ulk)k 6462(content)s
7218(of)s 7480(a)s 7638(symbol)s 8389(such)s 8876(as)s
0 123(the)m 337(table)s 845(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
1455(is)s 1653(contained)s 2629(in)s 2860(its)s 3124(right)s
3623(or)s 3870(body)s 4393(parameter)s 9(,)k 5433(and)s
5825(that)s 6231(this)s 6615(b)s 4(ulk)k 7086(content)s
7838(is)s 8036(not)s 8390(needed)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 9 15
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13845(1.3.)m 454(Cr)s 10(oss)k 1058(r)s 8(efer)k 8(ences)k
240 fnt84 8952 13842(9)m 240 fnt82 0 13207(by)m 297(cross)s
843(references)s 1878(to)s 2121(the)s 2472(symbol.)s 3345(Hence,)s
4067(to)s 4310(sa)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4787(space)s
5378(in)s 5625(the)s 5977(database,)s 6910(Lout)s 7426(replaces)s
8263(the)s 8615(right)s 0 12919(parameter)m 1011(of)s 1279(each)s
1771(symbol)s 2527(it)s 2716(writes)s 3347(into)s 3768(it)s
3957(by)s 4248(the)s 4592(w)s 2(ord)k 5137(???)s
5505(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 6482(the)s 6827(right)s
7335(parameter)s 8345(appears)s 0 12631(to)m 249(be)s 542(lar)s 4(ge.)k
1190(The)s 1629(table)s 2160(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
2792(w)s 2(ould)k 3458(appear)s 4166(as)s 4427(???)s
4809(because)s 5632(of)s 5914(this)s 6321(optimization,)s 7647(and)s
8062(in)s 8316(general,)s 0 12343(the)m 367(user)s 845(must)s
1390(ensure)s 2089(that)s 2527(an)s 3(y)k 2944(content)s
3728(required)s 4601(by)s 4915(cross)s 5477(references)s 6527(is)s
6757(contained)s 7765(in)s 8028(parameters)s 0 12055(other)m 545(than)s
1007(the)s 1348(right)s 1852(or)s 2104(body)s 2631(parameter)s 13(.)k
3729(This)s 4199(optimization)s 5457(does)s 5940(not)s 6299(apply)s
6878(when)s 7447(the)s 7788(symbol)s 8541(being)s 0 11767(written)m
733(into)s 1158(the)s 1506(cross-reference)s 3019(database)s 3898(is)s
4108(a)s 4274(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k
240 fnt84 0 10974(1.4.)m 471(Galleys)s 240 fnt82 480 10497(It)m
695(is)s 915(time)s 1406(to)s 1655(pause)s 2267(and)s
2681(ask)s 3072(ourselv)s 3(es)k 4033(ho)s 6(w)k
4505(close)s 5062(we)s 5408(are)s 5765(to)s 6015(achie)s 6(ving)k
7002(our)s 7392(aim)s 7820(of)s 8102(producing)s 0 10209(neatly)m
638(formatted)s 1624(documents.)s 2825(W)s 19(e)k 3194(can)s
3583(certainly)s 4472(produce)s 5299(the)s 5647(pieces)s 6295(of)s
6566(a)s 6732(document:)s 160 fnt84 870 9532(PURCELL)m 128 fnt82
1626 9604(1)m 160 fnt82 480 9240(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k
1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 9060(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s
480 8880(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k
480 8700(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 8520(indif)m 4(ferent)k
1446(composer)s 480 8340(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s
1967(is)s 480 8160(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k
1940(as)s 480 7980(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 7800(natural;)m
1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 7620(students)m
1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 7440(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k
1947(to)s 480 7260(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s
480 7080(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 6900(considered)m
1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 6667(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s
1967(is)s 480 6487(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k
1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 6307(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s
1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 6127(of)m 717(the)s
1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 5947(classics,)m
1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 5767(that)m
774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 5587(English)m
1005(master)s 8(.)k 128 fnt82 2634 9784(1)m 160 fnt82
2685 9712(Blom,)m 3107(Eric.)s 160 fnt83 3476 9713(Some)m 3852(Gr)s 5(eat)k
2634 9533(Composer)m 1(s.)k 160 fnt82 3728 9532(Oxford,)m 2634 9352(1944.)m
gsave
4788 7375 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
gsave
4788 4881 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
gsave
4788 2387 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
160 fnt35 4788 2157(@P)m 6(ageList)k 240 fnt82 0 1671(b)m 4(ut)k
362(when)s 938(we)s 1273(try)s 1592(to)s 1831(mer)s 4(ge)k
2480(them)s 3018(together)s 9(,)k 3899(we)s 4234(encounter)s
5237(tw)s 2(o)k 5647(obstacles.)s 480 1297(First,)m 1029(when)s
1610(an)s 1899(object)s 2548(is)s 2763(entered)s 3530(at)s
3767(a)s 3938(certain)s 4650(place)s 5215(in)s 5463(the)s
5817(document,)s 6873(it)s 7070(appears)s 7857(at)s 8094(that)s
8518(place.)s 0 1009(But)m 393(a)s 546(footnote)s 1385(is)s
1582(naturally)s 2472(entered)s 3219(immediately)s 4454(after)s 4936(the)s
5271(point)s 5810(it)s 5988(refers)s 6568(to)s 6794(\(`)s
200 fnt82 6934 1018(PURCELL)m 240 fnt82 7819 1009(')m 7917(in)s
8147(this)s 8529(case\),)s 0 721(yet)m 352(it)s 544(appears)s
1325(some)s 6(where)k 2464(else:)s 2941(at)s 3173(the)s
3521(bottom)s 4259(of)s 4530(a)s 4696(page.)s 480 347(Second,)m
1285(all)s 1570(our)s 1942(features)s 2740(b)s 4(uild)k
3278(up)s 3564(lar)s 4(ger)k 4168(objects)s 4889(out)s
5247(of)s 5510(smaller)s 6265(ones,)s 6803(b)s 4(ut)k
7158(the)s 200 fnt82 7498 356(PURCELL)m 240 fnt82 8435 347(object,)m
0 59(for)m 333(e)s 3(xample,)k 1242(must)s 1762(be)s
2039(brok)s 2(en)k 2753(do)s 6(wn)k 3332(into)s
3752(page-sized)s 4827(pieces.)s 5583(This)s 6053(occurs)s 6723(when)s
7294(the)s 7637(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8539(space)s

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 10 16
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(10)m 240 fnt83 6965 13843(Chapter)m 7815(1.)s
8089(Principles)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(at)m 230(the)s 575(`some)s 6(where)k
1790(else')s 2270(is)s 2477(insuf\207cient)s 3610(to)s 3846(hold)s
4327(the)s 4672(entire)s 5268(object,)s 5957(so)s 6220(this)s
6613(second)s 7333(obstacle)s 8169(arises)s 8760(out)s 0 12917(of)m
271(the)s 619(\207rst.)s 480 12543(Lout')m 13(s)k 1135(last)s
1518(major)s 2127(feature,)s 2888(which)s 3523(we)s 3850(introduce)s
4801(to)s 5032(o)s 3(v)k 3(ercome)k 6017(these)s
6557(obstacles,)s 7532(is)s 7734(the)s 240 fnt83 8074 12545(galle)m 7(y)k
240 fnt82 8699 12543(\(the)m 0 12255(name)m 564(is)s 764(borro)s 6(wed)k
1723(from)s 2237(the)s 2575(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
3288(used)s 3775(in)s 4008(manual)s 4757(typesetting\).)s 6039(A)s
6259(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6882(is)s 7082(an)s
7355(object)s 7989(plus)s 8429(a)s 8584(cross)s 0 11967(reference)m
943(which)s 1585(points)s 2221(to)s 2460(where)s 3100(the)s
3448(object)s 4092(is)s 4302(to)s 4541(appear)s 13(.)k
5329(The)s 5757(e)s 3(xample)k 6620(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
7242(has)s 7612(three)s 8145(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys:)k
160 fnt84 870 11234(PURCELL)m 128 fnt82 1626 11306(1)m 160 fnt82
480 10942(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s
1691(music)s 480 10762(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 10582(to)m
686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k
480 10402(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 10222(indif)m 4(ferent)k
1446(composer)s 480 10042(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s
1967(is)s 480 9862(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k
1940(as)s 480 9682(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 9502(natural;)m
1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 9322(students)m
1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 9142(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k
1947(to)s 480 8962(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s
480 8782(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 8602(considered)m
1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 8369(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s
1967(is)s 480 8189(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k
1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 8009(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s
1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 7829(of)m 717(the)s
1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 7649(classics,)m
1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 7469(that)m
774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 7289(English)m
1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave
3321 11312 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1134 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
3201 9047 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k
170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k 
grestore
gsave
3201 6553 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k
170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k 
grestore
gsave
3201 4059 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k
170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k 
grestore
160 fnt35 3201 3829(@P)m 6(ageList)k
gsave
6688 11541 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
200 fnt83 6748 11497(to)m 6947(printer)s gsave
4335 9295 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
4335 9295 translate
240 fnt82 963 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
4335 9295 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
128 fnt82 5418 9331(1)m
160 fnt82 5469 9259(Blom,)m 5891(Eric.)s 160 fnt83 6260 9260(Some)m
6636(Gr)s 5(eat)k 5418 9080(Composer)m 1(s.)k 160 fnt82
6512 9079(Oxford,)m 5418 8899(1944.)m 240 fnt82 0 3343(A)m 229(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
861(replaces)s 1693(the)s 2039(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
3091(pointed)s 3866(to)s 4103(by)s 4395(its)s 4670(cross)s
5210(reference.)s 6260(If)s 6488(space)s 7073(is)s 7282(not)s
7646(suf\207cient)s 8593(there)s 0 3055(to)m 232(hold)s 708(it)s
892(all,)s 1230(the)s 1570(remainder)s 2590(of)s 2854(the)s
3194(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3820(is)s 4023(split)s
4486(of)s 6(f)k 4822(\(the)s 5242(v)s 3(ertical)k
6001(concatenation)s 7378(symbol)s 8130(preceding)s 0 2767(it)m 199(being)s
791(discarded\))s 1842(and)s 2253(it)s 2452(replaces)s 3293(later)s
3783(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 4931(of)s 5209(the)s
5564(same)s 6119(symbol.)s 6935(This)s 7418(is)s 7635(e)s 3(xactly)k
8383(what)s 8916(is)s 0 2479(required)m 854(to)s 1093(get)s
1445(te)s 3(xt)k 1860(and)s 2264(footnotes)s 3205(onto)s
3684(pages.)s 480 2105(T)m 19(o)k 780(create)s 1405(a)s
1571(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2243(\207rst)s
2674(de\207ne)s 3315(a)s 3481(symbol)s 4241(with)s 4723(a)s
4889(special)s 220 fnt35 5607 2102(into)m 240 fnt82 6013 2105(clause,)m
6717(lik)s 2(e)k 7129(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 1604(def @F)m 6(ootNote into { @F)k 6(ootPlace&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k
480 1316(   r)m -3(ight x)k 480 1028({)m 480 740(   8p @F)m 6(ont x)k
480 452(})m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 11 17
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(1.4.)m 454(Galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt84
8839 13840(11)m 240 fnt82 0 13205(An)m 343(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
1390(of)s 1654(such)s 2142(a)s 2301(symbol)s 3054(will)s
3473(then)s 3934(be)s 4209(a)s 4368(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
4994(whose)s 5655(object)s 6292(is)s 6495(the)s 6835(result)s
7418(of)s 7682(the)s 8022(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation,)k
0 12917(and)m 399(whose)s 1062(cross)s 1598(reference)s 2536(is)s
2740(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3315(by)s 3603(the)s
220 fnt35 3946 12914(into)m 240 fnt82 4347 12917(clause.)m 5102(The)s
5525(right)s 6030(parameter)s 7039(of)s 7304(the)s 7647(cross)s
8183(reference)s 0 12629(must)m 525(be)s 807(one)s 1209(of)s
220 fnt35 1480 12626(preceding)m 240 fnt82 2431 12629(,)m 220 fnt35
2538 12626(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt82 3368 12629(,)m
3475(and)s 220 fnt35 3879 12626(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt82
5013 12629(.)m 480 12255(A)m 700(symbol,)s 1502(lik)s 2(e)k
220 fnt35 1903 12252(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 3(,)k 240 fnt82
3196 12255(which)m 3827(is)s 4027(the)s 240 fnt83 4364 12257(tar)m 8(g)k 2(et)k
240 fnt82 4979 12255(of)m 5239(a)s 5395(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
6056(must)s 6571(contain)s 7321(the)s 7659(special)s 8366(symbol)s
220 fnt35 0 11964(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt82 898 11967(e)m 3(xactly)k
1639(once)s 2147(in)s 2390(its)s 2666(body;)s 3258(often)s
3806(this)s 4202(is)s 4412(all)s 4705(that)s 5123(the)s
5471(body)s 6005(contains:)s 220 fnt35 480 11466(def  @F)m 6(ootPlace  {  @Galle)k 4(y  })k
240 fnt82 0 10968(It)m 229(is)s 464(this)s 885(special)s
1628(symbol)s 2412(that)s 2855(is)s 3090(replaced)s 3982(by)s
4300(the)s 4673(incoming)s 5655(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
6352(in)s 6619(f)s 2(act,)k 7106(not)s 7497(the)s
220 fnt35 7870 10965(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt82 0 10680(symbol)m
760(as)s 1010(a)s 1176(whole.)s 480 10306(A)m 718(symbol)s
1487(which)s 2138(contains)s 220 fnt35 2994 10303(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 3832 10306(,)m 3948(either)s 4560(directly)s 5351(within)s
6028(its)s 6313(body)s 6855(or)s 7123(indirectly)s 8101(within)s
8778(the)s 0 10018(body)m 533(of)s 802(a)s 966(symbol)s
1725(it)s 1915(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es,)k
2750(is)s 2959(called)s 3585(a)s 240 fnt83 3749 10020(r)m 8(eceptive)k
240 fnt82 4668 10018(symbol,)m 5478(meaning)s 6353(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
7274(to)s 7511(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 220 fnt35
8346 10015(@F)m 6(oot)k 240 fnt82 8998 10018(-)m 220 fnt35
0 9727(Place)m 240 fnt82 630 9730(is)m 870(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k
1873(which)s 2545(mak)s 2(es)k 220 fnt35 3235 9727(@F)m 6(ootList,)k
4364(@F)s 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt82 5545 9730(and)m 220 fnt35
5979 9727(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82 7133 9730(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k
8085(since)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 9442(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k
220 fnt35 704 9439(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 3(.)k 240 fnt82
2078 9442(If)m 2319(no)s 2623(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
3268(replaces)s 4112(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt35 4520 9439(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 5429 9442(within)m 6108(some)s 6680(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
7745(of)s 8027(a)s 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
0 9154(symbol,)m 816(that)s 1239(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
2297(is)s 2512(replaced)s 3383(by)s 220 fnt35 3682 9151(@Null)m
240 fnt82 4267 9154(.)m 4435(The)s 4868(adv)s 6(antages)k
5980(of)s 6256(this)s 6656(rule)s 7088(for)s 7430(page)s
7943(layout)s 8606(were)s 0 8866(e)m 3(xplained)k 985(at)s
1217(the)s 1565(end)s 1969(of)s 2240(Section)s 3014(1.2.)s
480 8492(Let)m 852(us)s 1109(no)s 6(w)k 1563(follo)s 6(w)k
2228(through)s 3023(the)s 3364(construction)s 4596(of)s 4861(our)s
5233(e)s 3(xample)k 6089(document.)s 7190(Initially)s 7992(there)s
8518(is)s 8721(just)s 0 8204(the)m 348(one)s 240 fnt83
750 8206(r)m 10(oot)k 240 fnt82 1203 8204(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
1875(containing)s 2938(an)s 3221(une)s 3(xpanded)k 4434(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
5488(of)s 220 fnt35 5759 8201(@P)m 8(ageList:)k 180 fnt35
3315 7732(@P)m 7(ageList)k gsave
5746 7778 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
200 fnt83 5806 7734(to)m 6005(printer)s
240 fnt82 0 7241(Then)m 602(the)s 200 fnt82 1004 7250(PURCELL)m
240 fnt82 2002 7241(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2690(appears,)s
3580(tar)s 4(geted)k 4457(to)s 4750(a)s 220 fnt35
4969 7238(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 3(.)k 240 fnt82
6348 7241(Lout)m 6913(kno)s 6(ws)k 7638(that)s 8109(there)s
8696(is)s 8960(a)s 220 fnt35 0 6950(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k
240 fnt82 1218 6953(hidden)m 1927(inside)s 220 fnt35 2554 6950(@P)m 8(ageList,)k
240 fnt82 3724 6953(so)m 3990(it)s 4182(e)s 3(xpands)k
220 fnt35 5015 6950(@P)m 8(ageList:)k 160 fnt84 870 6220(PURCELL)m
128 fnt82 1626 6292(1)m 160 fnt82 480 5928(In)m 705(the)s
991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 5748(England)m
1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 5568(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s
1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k 480 5388(If)m 775(she)s
1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 5208(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1446(composer)s
480 5028(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s 1967(is)s
480 4848(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k 1940(as)s
480 4668(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 4488(natural;)m 1072(b)s 3(ut)k
1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 4308(students)m 1215(of)s 1574(musical)s
480 4128(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1947(to)s
480 3948(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s 480 3768(musical)m
1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 3588(considered)m 1211(a)s
1322(freak.)s 800 3355(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s 1967(is)s
480 3175(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k 1736(if)s
1884(we)s 480 2995(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s 1000(choice)s
1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 2815(of)m 717(the)s 1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k
1574(musical)s 480 2635(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s
1820(\207nd)s 480 2455(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s
1843(this)s 480 2275(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave
3434 6298 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1247 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
3315 4033 translate
220 fnt35 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt35
170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
160 fnt35 3315 3803(@P)m 6(ageList)k gsave
6802 6527 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
200 fnt83 6862 6483(to)m
7061(printer)s 240 fnt82 0 1790(After)m 586(promoting)s 1659(the)s
2030(\207rst)s 2484(line)s 2922(into)s 220 fnt35 3370 1787(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 3(,)k
240 fnt82 4658 1790(the)m 5029(footnote)s 5905(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
6563(attached)s 7440(to)s 7702(it)s 7917(appears)s 8722(and)s
0 1502(demands)m 938(an)s 1257(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
2347(of)s 220 fnt35 2654 1499(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt82
3946 1502(follo)m 6(wing)k 4960(its)s 5272(attachment)s 6416(point)s
7004(\(`)s 200 fnt82 7144 1511(PURCELL)m 240 fnt82 8029 1502('\).)m
8387(Such)s 8960(a)s 220 fnt35 0 1211(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k
240 fnt82 1274 1214(is)m 1502(found)s 2138(at)s 2388(the)s
2754(bottom)s 3511(of)s 3800(the)s 4166(\207rst)s 4616(page,)s
5193(inside)s 220 fnt35 5838 1211(@F)m 6(ootSect,)k 240 fnt82
7054 1214(which)m 7714(is)s 7943(accordingly)s 0 926(e)m 3(xpanded,)k
1022(and)s 1426(the)s 1774(footnote)s 2627(is)s 2837(promoted)s
3812(onto)s 4291(the)s 4639(page:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 12 18
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(12)m 240 fnt83 6965 13843(Chapter)m 7815(1.)s
8089(Principles)s 160 fnt82 480 12579(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k
1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 12399(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s
480 12219(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k
480 12039(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 11859(indif)m 4(ferent)k
1446(composer)s 480 11679(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s
1967(is)s 480 11499(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k
1940(as)s 480 11319(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 11139(natural;)m
1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 10959(students)m
1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 10779(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k
1947(to)s 480 10599(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s
480 10419(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 10239(considered)m
1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 10006(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s
1967(is)s 480 9826(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k
1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 9646(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s
1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 9466(of)m 717(the)s
1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 9286(classics,)m
1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 9106(that)m
774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 8926(English)m
1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave
3434 12615 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1247 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
3315 10788 translate
240 fnt82 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt84 560 1987(PURCELL)m 128 fnt82
1316 2059(1)m 140 fnt35 170 1807(@T)m 16(e)k 4(xtPlace)k
gsave
170 924 translate
160 fnt82 567 0 0 0 160 180 40 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
128 fnt82 170 785(1)m 160 fnt82 221 713(Blom,)m 703(Eric.)s
160 fnt83 1133 714(Some)m 170 534(Gr)m 5(eat)k 734(Composer)s 1(s.)k
160 fnt82 170 353(Oxford,)m 703(1944.)s 140 fnt35 170 173(@F)m 4(ootList)k

grestore
140 fnt35 3315 10573(@P)m 5(ageList)k gsave
6802 13282 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
200 fnt83 6862 13238(to)m
7061(printer)s 240 fnt82 0 8441(No)m 6(w)k 512(the)s
858(promotion)s 1910(of)s 2179(the)s 200 fnt82 2525 8450(PURCELL)m
240 fnt82 3468 8441(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4100(resumes.)s
5045(When)s 5672(the)s 6018(\207rst)s 6447(page)s 6953(is)s
7161(\207lled,)s 7757(Lout)s 8266(searches)s 0 8153(forw)m 2(ards)k
898(for)s 1236(another)s 220 fnt35 2013 8150(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k
240 fnt82 3231 8153(to)m 3470(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
4206(the)s 4554(remainder)s 9(,)k 5620(once)s 6128(ag)s 1(ain)k
6702(e)s 3(xpanding)k 7750(a)s 220 fnt35 7916 8150(@P)m 8(ageList:)k
160 fnt82 480 4955(performer)m 6(,)k 1436(that)s 1967(is)s
480 4775(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k 1940(as)s
480 4595(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 4415(natural;)m 1072(b)s 3(ut)k
1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 4235(students)m 1215(of)s 1574(musical)s
480 4055(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1947(to)s
480 3875(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s 480 3695(musical)m
1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 3515(considered)m 1211(a)s
1322(freak.)s 800 3282(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s 1967(is)s
480 3102(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k 1736(if)s
1884(we)s 480 2922(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s 1000(choice)s
1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 2742(of)m 717(the)s 1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k
1574(musical)s 480 2562(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s
1820(\207nd)s 480 2382(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s
1843(this)s 480 2202(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave
3434 4991 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1247 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
3315 5233 translate
240 fnt82 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
160 fnt84
560 1987(PURCELL)m 128 fnt82 1316 2059(1)m 160 fnt82 170 1695(In)m
341(the)s 573(w)s 1(orld)k 983(of)s 1164(music)s
170 1515(England)m 741(is)s 881(supposed)s 1515(to)s 170 1335(be)m
358(a)s 469(mere)s 825(pro)s 2(vince.)k 1491(If)s
170 1155(she)m 708(produces)s 1608(an)s 170 975(indif)m 4(ferent)k
879(composer)s 1540(or)s 567 0 0 0 160 180 40 170 763 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
128 fnt82 170 624(1)m 160 fnt82
221 552(Blom,)m 703(Eric.)s 160 fnt83 1133 553(Some)m 170 373(Gr)m 5(eat)k
734(Composer)s 1(s.)k 160 fnt82 170 192(Oxford,)m 703(1944.)s

grestore
gsave
3315 2739 translate
240 fnt82 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto
0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
140 fnt35 170 2222(@T)m 16(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k

grestore
140 fnt35 3315 2524(@P)m 5(ageList)k gsave
6802 7727 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 68 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
200 fnt83 6862 7683(to)m
7061(printer)s 240 fnt82 0 1717(and)m 404(so)s 671(on.)s
1076(All)s 1437(these)s 1985(e)s 3(xpansions)k 3098(and)s
3503(replacements)s 4814(are)s 5162(done)s 5685(with)s 6168(total)s
6648(inte)s 3(grity)k 15(.)k 7604(F)s 3(or)k
7994(e)s 3(xample,)k 8909(if)s 0 1429(Lout)m 510(\207nds)s
1024(after)s 1517(e)s 3(xpanding)k 220 fnt35 2563 1426(@F)m 6(ootSect)k
240 fnt82 3711 1429(that)m 4126(the)s 4472(page)s 4977(is)s
5184(too)s 5541(full)s 5924(to)s 6160(accept)s 6828(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
7325(the)s 7670(\207rst)s 8099(line)s 8510(of)s 8778(the)s
0 1141(footnote,)m 220 fnt35 915 1138(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt82
2077 1141(is)m 2298(reset)s 2819(to)s 3070(une)s 3(xpanded)k
4294(and)s 4709(the)s 5068(search)s 5746(for)s 6096(a)s
6273(tar)s 4(get)k 6883(for)s 7232(the)s 7591(footnote)s
8456(mo)s 3(v)k 3(es)k 0 853(on.)m 396(And)s
858(the)s 1197(cross)s 1730(reference)s 2664(direction,)s 220 fnt35
3611 850(preceding)m 240 fnt82 4613 853(or)m 220 fnt35 4864 850(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing,)k
240 fnt82 5799 853(is)m 6000(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k
6702(obe)s 3(yed)k 7440(\(although)s 8405(lack)s 8855(of)s
0 565(space)m 586(sometimes)s 1658(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ents)k
2509(Lout)s 3020(from)s 3543(choosing)s 4460(the)s 4807(nearest)s
5542(tar)s 4(get\).)k 6323(Only)s 6855(the)s 7202(root)s
7646(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8278(contains)s 0 277(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k
922(symbols)s 1771(in)s 2014(our)s 2393(running)s 3191(e)s 3(xample,)k
4105(b)s 4(ut)k 4467(an)s 3(y)k 4864(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
5498(may)s 5964(contain)s 6725(them.)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 13 19
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
480 fnt84 0 12955(Chapter)m 1819(2.)s 2400(Details)s 240 fnt84
0 11690(2.1.)m 471(Lexical)s 1270(structur)s 4(e)k 2263(\(w)s 2(ords,)k
3079(spaces,)s 3844(symbols\))s 4796(and)s 5237(macr)s 4(os)k
240 fnt82 480 11213(The)m 902(input)s 1447(to)s 1679(Lout)s
2184(consists)s 2985(of)s 3249(a)s 3408(sequence)s 4334(of)s
240 fnt83 4598 11215(te)m 4(xtual)k 5297(units)s 240 fnt82
5757 11213(,)m 5857(which)s 6492(may)s 6951(be)s 7226(either)s
240 fnt83 7822 11215(white)m 8386(spaces)s 240 fnt82 9019 11213(,)m
240 fnt83 0 10927(identi\207er)m 2(s,)k 1047(delimiter)s 2(s,)k
240 fnt82 2093 10925(or)m 240 fnt83 2352 10927(liter)m 3(al)k
2992(wor)s 8(ds)k 240 fnt82 3565 10925(.)m 3729(Each)s
4264(is)s 4474(a)s 4640(sequence)s 5573(of)s 240 fnt83
5844 10927(c)m 3(har)k 3(acter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt82
6914 10925(chosen)m 7636(from:)s 480 10387(letter)m 220 fnt35 1934 10384(@ab-zAB-Z_)m
240 fnt82 480 10099(white)m 1067(space)s 240 fnt83 1934 10101(space)m
2592(formfeed)s 3568(tab)s 3988(ne)s 3(wline)k 240 fnt82
480 9811(quote)m 220 fnt35 1934 9808(")m 240 fnt82 480 9523(escape)m
220 fnt35 1934 9520(\\)m 240 fnt82 480 9235(comment)m 220 fnt35
1934 9232(#)m 240 fnt82 480 8947(other)m 220 fnt35 1934 8944(!$%&'\(\)*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?[]^`{|}~)m
240 fnt82 0 8406(Notice)m 732(that)s 220 fnt35 1189 8403(@)m
240 fnt82 1480 8406(and)m 220 fnt35 1923 8403(_)m 240 fnt82
2144 8406(are)m 2531(classed)s 3318(as)s 3608(letters.)s 4393(Basser)s
5129(Lout)s 5681(accepts)s 6474(the)s 6861(accented)s 7795(letters)s
8467(of)s 8778(the)s 0 8118(ISO-LA)m 26(TIN-1)k 1421(character)s
2388(set)s 2746(\(depending)s 3909(on)s 4238(ho)s 6(w)k
4732(it)s 4957(is)s 5200(installed\),)s 6228(and)s 6664(these)s
7244(are)s 7624(also)s 8095(classed)s 8876(as)s 0 7830(letters.)m
756(The)s 1195(ten)s 1555(digits)s 2148(are)s 2505(classed)s
3264(as)s 3525(`other')s 4218(characters,)s 5302(and)s 5717(in)s
5971(f)s 2(act)k 6397(the)s 6755(`other')s 7448(class)s
7974(contains)s 8833(all)s 0 7542(8-bit)m 511(characters)s 1529(\(e)s 3(xcept)k
2289(octal)s 2808(0\))s 3056(not)s 3422(assigned)s 4304(to)s
4543(pre)s 6(vious)k 5412(classes.)s 480 7168(A)m 240 fnt83
698 7170(white)m 1256(space)s 240 fnt82 1841 7168(is)m 2038(a)s
2191(sequence)s 3111(of)s 3369(one)s 3758(or)s 4005(more)s
4539(white)s 5113(space)s 5687(characters.)s 6805(Lout)s 7304(treats)s
7858(the)s 8193(formfeed)s 0 6880(character)m 931(e)s 3(xactly)k
1668(lik)s 2(e)k 2076(the)s 2420(space)s 3003(character;)s
3985(it)s 4173(is)s 4379(useful)s 5014(for)s 5348(getting)s
6061(page)s 6565(breaks)s 7236(when)s 7808(printing)s 8614(Lout)s
0 6592(source)m 680(code.)s 480 6218(A)m 240 fnt83 709 6220(delimiter)m
240 fnt82 1635 6218(is)m 1844(a)s 2009(sequence)s 2941(of)s
3211(one)s 3612(or)s 3870(more)s 4415(`other')s 5096(characters)s
6113(which)s 6754(is)s 6963(the)s 7310(name)s 7883(of)s
8153(a)s 8317(symbol.)s 0 5930(F)m 3(or)k 417(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 1360 5927({)m 240 fnt82 1512 5930(and)m 220 fnt35
1945 5927(//)m 240 fnt82 2159 5930(are)m 2534(delimiters.)s 3681(When)s
4338(de\207ning)s 5205(a)s 5400(delimiter)s 9(,)k 6387(the)s
6764(name)s 7366(must)s 7920(be)s 8231(enclosed)s 0 5642(in)m
243(quotes:)s 220 fnt35 480 5143(def  "^"  { {}  ^&  {} })m 240 fnt82 0 4649(b)m 4(ut)k
361(quotes)s 1036(are)s 1381(not)s 1746(used)s 2242(when)s
2816(the)s 3163(delimiter)s 4082(is)s 4291(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k
5211(A)s 5439(delimiter)s 6359(may)s 6824(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
7323(delimiters)s 8327(and)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 4361(other)m
558(characters)s 1584(adjacent,)s 2495(whereas)s 3337(identi\207ers)s 4351(may)s
4825(not)s 5199(be)s 5489(adjacent)s 6353(to)s 6600(letters)s
7241(or)s 7508(other)s 8067(identi\207ers.)s 0 4073(The)m 428(complete)s
1360(list)s 1711(of)s 1982(prede\207ned)s 3050(delimiters)s 4055(is)s
220 fnt35 480 3572(/)m 480 3284(//)m 480 2996(^/)m 480 2708(^//)m
1727 3572(|)m 1727 3284(||)m 1727 2996(^|)m 1727 2708(^||)m 2974 3572(&)m
2974 3284(^&)m 4221 3572(&&)m 4221 3284({)m 4221 2996(})m 240 fnt82
0 2253(A)m 230(longer)s 901(delimiter)s 1822(lik)s 2(e)k
220 fnt35 2234 2250(<=)m 240 fnt82 2542 2253(will)m 2968(be)s
3250(recognised)s 4344(in)s 4587(preference)s 5650(to)s 5889(a)s
6055(shorter)s 6778(one)s 7180(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35
7592 2250(<)m 240 fnt82 7710 2253(.)m 480 1879(An)m 240 fnt83
855 1881(identi\207er)m 240 fnt82 1808 1879(is)m 2043(a)s 2234(sequence)s
3192(of)s 3488(one)s 3915(or)s 4199(more)s 4772(letters)s
5430(which)s 6097(is)s 6332(the)s 6705(name)s 7304(of)s
7600(a)s 7791(symbol.)s 8685(It)s 8916(is)s 0 1591(con)m 9(v)k 3(entional)k
1308(b)s 4(ut)k 1700(not)s 2096(essential)s 3003(to)s
3272(be)s 3(gin)k 3888(identi\207ers)s 4924(with)s 220 fnt35
5436 1588(@)m 240 fnt82 5627 1591(;)m 5829(Basser)s 6556(Lout)s
7098(will)s 7554(print)s 8095(a)s 8291(w)s 2(arning)k
0 1303(message)m 865(if)s 1081(it)s 1272(\207nds)s 1788(an)s
2070(unquoted)s 3019(literal)s 3628(w)s 2(ord)k 4175(\(see)s
4614(belo)s 6(w\))k 5320(be)s 3(ginning)k 6327(with)s
220 fnt35 6808 1300(@)m 240 fnt82 6999 1303(,)m 7105(since)s
7651(such)s 8146(w)s 2(ords)k 8779(are)s 0 1015(usually)m
748(misspelt)s 1608(identi\207ers.)s 2730(The)s 3162(ten)s 3515(digits)s
4100(are)s 4451(not)s 4820(letters)s 5457(and)s 5865(may)s
6334(not)s 6704(appear)s 7404(in)s 7651(identi\207ers;)s 8722(and)s
192 fnt84 4440 2(13)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 14 20
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(14)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(although)m 890(the)s 1233(underscore)s
2333(character)s 3262(is)s 3467(a)s 3628(letter)s 4172(and)s
4570(may)s 5031(be)s 5308(used)s 5800(in)s 6038(identi\207ers,)s
7095(it)s 7282(is)s 7487(not)s 7847(con)s 9(v)k 3(entional)k
0 12917(to)m 239(do)s 532(so.)s 909(The)s 1337(complete)s
2269(list)s 2620(of)s 2891(prede\207ned)s 3959(identi\207ers)s 4965(is)s
220 fnt35 480 12416(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 480 12128(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k
480 11840(@Begin)m 480 11552(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 480 11264(@Break)m 480 10976(@Case)m 480 10688(@ClearHeaderComponent)m
480 10400(@Common)m 480 10112(@Char)m 480 9824(@CurrF)m 11(ace)k 480 9536(@CurrF)m 11(amily)k
480 9248(@CurrLang)m 480 8960(@CurrYUnit)m 480 8672(@CurrZUnit)m 480 8384(@Database)m 480 8096(@End)m
480 7808(@EndHeaderComponent)m 480 7520(@Enclose)m 480 7232(@Filter)m 480 6944(@FilterErr)m 480 6656(@FilterIn)m
480 6368(@FilterOut)m 480 6080(@F)m 6(ont)k 480 5792(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k
480 5504(@Galle)m 4(y)k 480 5216(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 480 4928(@HAdjust)m
480 4640(@HContr)m 2(act)k 480 4352(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k
480 4064(@HExpand)m 480 3776(@High)m 480 3488(@HLimited)m 480 3200(@HScale)m 3361 12416(@HShift)m
3361 12128(@HSpan)m 3361 11840(@Include)m 3361 11552(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 3361 11264(@Inser)m -8(t)k
3361 10976(@K)m 8(er)k -5(nShr)k -3(ink)k 3361 10688(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k
3361 10400(@Language)m 3361 10112(@LClos)m 3361 9824(@LEn)m 4(v)k 3361 9536(@LInput)m
3361 9248(@L)m 24(Vis)k 3361 8960(@LUse)m 3361 8672(@Meld)m 3361 8384(@Merge)m
3361 8096(@Min)m 2(us)k 3361 7808(@Moment)m 3361 7520(@Ne)m 6(xt)k
3361 7232(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 3361 6944(@Null)m 3361 6656(@OneCol)m
3361 6368(@OneOf)m 3361 6080(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 3361 5792(@Open)m 3361 5504(@Optimiz)m 3(e)k
3361 5216(@Outline)m 3361 4928(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 3361 4640(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k
3361 4352(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 3361 4064(@Plus)m 3361 3776(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k
3361 3488(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim)k 5855 12416(@Rotate)m 5855 12128(@Rump)m
5855 11840(@Scale)m 5855 11552(@SetColor)m 5855 11264(@SetColour)m 5855 10976(@SetHeaderComponent)m 5855 10688(@Space)m
5855 10400(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 5855 10112(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 5855 9824(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k
5855 9536(@SysDatabase)m 5855 9248(@SysInclude)m 5855 8960(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 5855 8672(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic)k
5855 8384(@T)m 26(ag)k 5855 8096(@T)m 26(agged)k 5855 7808(@T)m 26(arget)k
5855 7520(@Under)m -3(line)k 5855 7232(@Use)m 5855 6944(@V)m 17(Adjust)k
5855 6656(@VContr)m 2(act)k 5855 6368(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k
5855 6080(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 5855 5792(@VExpand)m 5855 5504(@VLimited)m 5855 5216(@VScale)m
5855 4928(@VShift)m 5855 4640(@VSpan)m 5855 4352(@Wide)m 5855 4064(@Y)m 4(ield)k
5855 3776(@YUnit)m 5855 3488(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt82 0 2745(plus)m 498(the)s
894(names)s 1605(of)s 1924(the)s 2321(parameters)s 3467(of)s
220 fnt35 3786 2742(@Moment)m 240 fnt82 4798 2745(.)m 5011(The)s
5487(symbols)s 220 fnt35 6385 2742(@LClos)m 240 fnt82 7161 2745(,)m
220 fnt35 7316 2742(@LEn)m 4(v)k 240 fnt82 8034 2745(,)m
220 fnt35 8190 2742(@LInput)m 240 fnt82 9019 2745(,)m 220 fnt35
0 2454(@L)m 24(Vis)k 240 fnt82 722 2457(and)m 220 fnt35
1170 2454(@LUse)m 240 fnt82 2001 2457(appear)m 2742(in)s 3029(cross)s
3615(reference)s 4602(databases)s 5613(generated)s 6644(by)s 6982(Lout)s
7538(and)s 7986(are)s 8377(not)s 8788(for)s 0 2169(use)m
375(else)s 6(where.)k 480 1795(A)m 728(sequence)s 1679(of)s
1968(characters)s 3004(which)s 3664(is)s 3892(neither)s 4633(a)s
4817(white)s 5422(space,)s 6078(an)s 6379(identi\207er)s 9(,)k
7357(nor)s 7754(a)s 7938(delimiter)s 9(,)k 8916(is)s
0 1507(by)m 304(def)s 2(ault)k 1036(a)s 240 fnt83
1213 1509(liter)m 3(al)k 1864(wor)s 8(d)k 240 fnt82
2355 1507(,)m 2473(which)s 3126(means)s 3799(that)s 4227(it)s
4430(will)s 4867(pass)s 5341(through)s 6154(Lout)s 6677(unchanged.)s
7890(An)s 8251(arbitrary)s 0 1219(sequence)m 926(of)s 1190(characters)s
2201(enclosed)s 3089(in)s 3325(double)s 4026(quotes,)s 4751(for)s
5082(e)s 3(xample)k 220 fnt35 5938 1216("{  }",)m 240 fnt82
6457 1219(is)m 6660(also)s 7091(a)s 7250(literal)s 7853(w)s 2(ord.)k
8499(Space)s 0 931(characters)m 1005(may)s 1458(be)s 1726(included,)s
2644(b)s 4(ut)k 2992(not)s 3345(tabs)s 3767(or)s
4013(ne)s 6(wlines.)k 5008(There)s 5607(are)s 5941(special)s
6645(character)s 7566(sequences,)s 8629(used)s 0 643(only)m 480(between)s
1334(quotes,)s 2066(for)s 2404(obtaining)s 3361(otherwise)s 4346(inaccessible)s
5556(characters:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 15 21
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.1.)m 454(Le)s 4(xical)k 1213(structur)s 8(e)k
2121(\(wor)s 8(ds,)k 2871(spaces,)s 3602(symbols\))s 4502(and)s
4928(macr)s 10(os)k 240 fnt84 8833 13840(15)m 220 fnt35
480 13167(\\")m 240 fnt82 1235 13170(produces)m 220 fnt35 2150 13167(")m
480 12879(\\\\)m 240 fnt82 1235 12882(\\)m 220 fnt35 480 12591(\\ddd)m
240 fnt82 1235 12594(the)m 1583(character)s 2517(whose)s 3185(ASCII)s
3865(code)s 4373(is)s 1235 12306(the)m 1583(up)s 1876(to)s
2115(three)s 2648(digit)s 3146(octal)s 3665(number)s 220 fnt35
4456 12303(ddd)m 240 fnt82 0 11765(So,)m 360(for)s 698(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 1612 11762("\\"@PP\\"")m 240 fnt82 2606 11765(produces)m 220 fnt35
3521 11762("@PP")m 240 fnt82 4177 11765(.)m 480 11391(When)m 1106(the)s
1451(comment)s 2398(character)s 220 fnt35 3328 11388(#)m 240 fnt82
3502 11391(is)m 3709(encountered,)s 4982(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k
6045(from)s 6566(that)s 6981(point)s 7530(to)s 7765(the)s
8110(end)s 8511(of)s 8778(the)s 0 11103(line)m 414(is)s
624(ignored.)s 1519(This)s 1995(is)s 2205(useful)s 2844(for)s
3182(including)s 4139(reminders)s 5145(to)s 5384(oneself,)s 6181(lik)s 2(e)k
6593(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 10606(# Lout user man)m 2(ual)k 480 10318(# J)m 6(.)k 13( Kingston, J)k 4(une 1989)k
240 fnt82 0 9819(for)m 338(temporarily)s 1506(deleting)s 2329(parts)s
2844(of)s 3115(the)s 3463(document,)s 4514(and)s 4918(so)s
5184(on.)s 240 fnt83 480 9447(Macr)m 10(os)k 240 fnt82
1268 9445(pro)m 3(vide)k 2064(a)s 2242(means)s 2916(of)s
3199(de\207ning)s 4049(symbols)s 4910(which)s 5564(stand)s 6139(for)s
6489(a)s 6667(sequence)s 7612(of)s 7895(te)s 3(xtual)k
8610(units)s 0 9157(rather)m 616(than)s 1085(an)s 1368(object.)s
2116(F)s 3(or)k 2505(e)s 3(xample,)k 3419(the)s
3767(macro)s 4417(de\207nition)s 220 fnt35 480 8656(macro  @PP  {  //1.3vx  2.0f @Wide  &0i })m 240 fnt82
0 8162(mak)m 2(es)k 663(Lout)s 1178(replace)s 1926(the)s
2277(symbol)s 220 fnt35 3040 8159(@PP)m 240 fnt82 3609 8162(by)m
3906(the)s 4258(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4841(te)s 3(xtual)k
5546(units)s 6065(before)s 6734(assembling)s 7866(its)s 8145(input)s
8701(into)s 0 7874(objects.)m 841(A)s 1071(similar)s 1793(macro)s
2443(to)s 2682(this)s 3077(one)s 3479(is)s 3689(used)s
4186(to)s 4425(separate)s 5262(the)s 5610(paragraphs)s 6710(of)s
6981(the)s 7329(present)s 8078(document.)s 0 7586(The)m 450(enclosing)s
1442(braces)s 2126(and)s 2552(an)s 3(y)k 2972(spaces)s
3669(adjacent)s 4548(to)s 4809(them)s 5370(are)s 5739(dropped,)s
6654(which)s 7318(can)s 7730(be)s 8034(a)s 8223(problem:)s
220 fnt35 0 7295(@PP2i)m 240 fnt82 731 7298(has)m 1101(result)s
220 fnt35 1691 7295(//1.3vx 2.0f @Wide &0i2i)m 240 fnt82 4141 7298(which)m 4783(is)s
4993(erroneous.)s 480 6924(The)m 938(meaning)s 1846(of)s 2148(symbols)s
3028(used)s 3556(within)s 4254(the)s 4633(body)s 5198(of)s
5500(a)s 5697(macro)s 6377(is)s 6618(determined)s 7782(by)s
8107(where)s 8778(the)s 0 6636(macro)m 667(is)s 895(de\207ned,)s
1724(not)s 2108(by)s 2419(where)s 3077(it)s 3287(is)s
3514(used.)s 4135(Due)s 4607(to)s 4864(implementation)s 6438(problems,)s
220 fnt35 7453 6633(@Open)m 240 fnt82 8277 6636(symbols)m 0 6348(will)m
423(not)s 786(w)s 2(ork)k 1333(within)s 1998(macros.)s
2849(Named)s 3594(and)s 3995(body)s 4525(parameters)s 5620(will)s
6043(w)s 2(ork)k 6590(if)s 6804(the)s 7149(symbol)s
7905(that)s 8320(the)s 3(y)k 8779(are)s 0 6060(parameters)m
1090(of)s 1352(is)s 1553(also)s 1983(present.)s 2828(There)s
3432(is)s 3633(no)s 3918(w)s 2(ay)k 4360(to)s
4590(get)s 4934(a)s 5091(left)s 5459(or)s 5709(right)s
6212(brace)s 6776(into)s 7192(the)s 7532(body)s 8057(of)s
8319(a)s 8476(macro)s 0 5772(without)m 791(the)s 1139(matching)s
2082(brace.)s 480 5398(Macros)m 1253(may)s 1724(be)s 2011(nested)s
2685(within)s 3358(other)s 3914(de\207nitions)s 4980(and)s 5389(e)s 3(xported,)k
6335(b)s 4(ut)k 6702(the)s 3(y)k 7170(may)s
7641(not)s 8012(be)s 8299(parame)s 8998(-)s 0 5110(ters.)m
511(The)s 3(y)k 1058(may)s 1528(not)s 1898(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
2403(parameters)s 3504(or)s 3767(nested)s 4440(de\207nitions)s 5505(of)s
5780(their)s 6280(o)s 6(wn,)k 6798(and)s 7206(consequently)s
8527(a)s 8697(pre)s 8998(-)s 0 4822(ceding)m 220 fnt35
691 4819(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt82 1359 4822(clause)m
2012(\(Section)s 2865(2.3\))s 3293(w)s 2(ould)k 3948(be)s
4230(pointless;)s 5192(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
6099(an)s 220 fnt35 6382 4819(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82
7055 4822(clause)m 7708(is)s 7918(permitted.)s 240 fnt84 0 4030(2.2.)m
471(Named)s 1257(parameters)s 240 fnt82 480 3553(In)m 728(addition)s
1560(to)s 1790(left)s 2159(and)s 2554(right)s 3056(\(or)s
3386(body\))s 3985(parameters,)s 5130(a)s 5288(symbol)s 6039(may)s
6496(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6989(an)s 3(y)k
7377(number)s 8159(of)s 240 fnt83 8421 3555(named)m 0 3267(par)m 3(ameter)k 2(s)k
240 fnt82 1080 3265(:)m 220 fnt35 480 2768(def @Chapter)m 480 2480(    named @T)m 26(ag {})k
480 2192(    named @Title {})m 480 1904(    r)m -3(ight x)k 480 1616({)m 480 1328(    ...)m
480 1040(})m 240 fnt82 0 546(Their)m 577(de\207nitions)s 1639(appear)s
2336(in)s 2580(between)s 3434(those)s 3996(of)s 4267(an)s 3(y)k
4665(left)s 5042(and)s 5447(right)s 5958(parameters,)s 7113(and)s
7517(each)s 8013(is)s 8224(follo)s 6(wed)k 0 258(by)m
293(a)s 240 fnt83 457 260(default)m 1183(value)s 240 fnt82
1753 258(between)m 2605(braces.)s 3377(When)s 220 fnt35 4004 255(@Chapter)m
240 fnt82 5066 258(is)m 5274(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k
6136(its)s 6411(named)s 7105(parameters)s 8201(are)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 16 22
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(16)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(v)m 6(alues)k 656(in)s
899(the)s 1247(follo)s 6(wing)k 2224(w)s 2(ay:)k
220 fnt35 480 12704(@Chapter)m 480 12416(    @T)m 26(ag { intro })k 480 12128(    @Title { Introduction })m
480 11840({)m 480 11552(    ...)m 480 11264(})m 240 fnt82 0 10770(That)m
485(is,)s 737(a)s 889(list)s 1226(of)s 1483(named)s
2166(parameters)s 3250(appears)s 4017(immediately)s 5251(follo)s 6(wing)k
6214(the)s 6549(symbol,)s 7347(each)s 7828(with)s 8296(its)s
8558(v)s 6(alue)k 0 10482(enclosed)m 900(in)s 1149(braces.)s
1929(An)s 3(y)k 2399(right)s 2916(parameter)s 3936(follo)s 6(ws)k
4704(after)s 5206(them.)s 5854(The)s 3(y)k 6403(do)s
6702(not)s 7074(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7581(to)s
7826(appear)s 8529(in)s 8778(the)s 0 10194(order)m 558(the)s 3(y)k
1015(were)s 1529(de\207ned,)s 2334(and)s 2732(the)s 3(y)k
3189(can)s 3571(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4065(be)s
4341(omitted)s 5122(altogether)s 9(,)k 6169(in)s 6406(which)s
7041(case)s 7502(the)s 7844(def)s 2(ault)k 8558(v)s 6(alue)k
0 9906(from)m 524(the)s 872(de\207nition)s 1846(is)s 2056(used)s
2553(instead.)s 480 9532(If)m 699(the)s 1036(k)s 2(e)k 3(yw)k 2(ord)k
220 fnt35 1913 9529(compulsor)m -6(y)k 240 fnt82 3088 9532(appears)m
3858(after)s 220 fnt35 4342 9529(named)m 240 fnt82 5050 9532(and)m
5442(before)s 6097(the)s 6434(parameter')s 13(s)k 7586(name,)s
8200(Lout)s 8700(will)s 0 9244(print)m 501(a)s 657(w)s 2(arning)k
1481(message)s 2337(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 3307(this)s
3693(parameter)s 4696(is)s 4896(missing.)s 5793(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k
6705(it)s 6886(will)s 7302(still)s 7703(use)s 8068(the)s
8405(def)s 2(ault)k 0 8956(v)m 6(alue)k 568(as)s
818(just)s 1223(described.)s 480 8582(A)m 719(named)s 220 fnt35
1424 8579(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt82 2057 8582(parameter)m 3080(does)s
3580(not)s 3955(tak)s 2(e)k 4417(its)s 4702(def)s 2(ault)k
5433(v)s 6(alue)k 6010(from)s 6544(the)s 6901(de\207nition;)s
7940(instead,)s 8733(if)s 8960(a)s 0 8294(def)m 2(ault)k
726(v)s 6(alue)k 1300(is)s 1516(needed,)s 2306(Lout)s
2824(in)s 9(v)k 3(ents)k 3560(a)s 3731(simple)s
4430(w)s 2(ord)k 4984(which)s 5631(dif)s 6(fers)k
6304(from)s 6834(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 7415(other)s
7972(tag.)s 8434(This)s 8916(is)s 0 8006(important,)m 1034(for)s
1370(e)s 3(xample,)k 2282(in)s 2523(the)s 2868(production)s
3960(of)s 4229(numbered)s 5242(chapters)s 6086(and)s 6488(sections)s
7307(\(Section)s 8158(4.4\).)s 8698(The)s 0 7718(same)m 551(thing)s
1101(occurs)s 1781(if)s 2003(there)s 2541(is)s 2756(a)s
220 fnt35 2927 7715(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt82 3555 7718(parameter)m
4574(b)s 4(ut)k 4940(its)s 5221(v)s 6(alue)k
5794(is)s 6009(the)s 6362(empty)s 7019(object:)s 7774(the)s
8127(v)s 6(alue)k 8700(will)s 0 7430(be)m 282(replaced)s
1149(by)s 1443(an)s 1726(in)s 9(v)k 3(ented)k
2596(one.)s 480 7056(Named)m 1229(parameters)s 2327(may)s 2793(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
3294(parameters,)s 4448(as)s 4698(in)s 4941(the)s 5289(follo)s 6(wing)k
6266(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt35 480 6555(def @Str)m 2(ange)k 480 6267(    named @F)m 6(or)k -5(mat r)k -3(ight @V)k 15(al { [@V)k 15(al] })k
480 5979(    r)m -3(ight x)k 480 5691({)m 480 5403(    @F)m 6(or)k -5(mat x)k
480 5115(})m 240 fnt82 0 4621(The)m 428(named)s 1125(parameter)s
220 fnt35 2139 4618(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt82
3113 4621(has)m 3483(right)s 3995(parameter)s 220 fnt35 5010 4618(@V)m 15(al)k
240 fnt82 5520 4621(,)m 5627(and)s 6032(the)s 6380(def)s 2(ault)k
7102(v)s 6(alue)k 7670(of)s 220 fnt35 7942 4618(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k
240 fnt82 8916 4621(is)m 0 4333(this)m 394(parameter)s 1406(enclosed)s
2299(in)s 2539(brack)s 2(ets.)k 3495(When)s 220 fnt35
4122 4330(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt82 5093 4333(is)m
5300(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 6113(it)s
6303(must)s 6826(be)s 7105(supplied)s 7972(with)s 8452(a)s
8615(right)s 0 4045(parameter)m 9(,)k 1052(which)s 1694(will)s
2120(replace)s 220 fnt35 2865 4042(@V)m 15(al)k 240 fnt82
3375 4045(.)m 3539(Thus,)s 220 fnt35 480 3544(@Str)m 2(ange 27)k
240 fnt82 0 3045(equals)m 220 fnt35 662 3042(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat 27)k
240 fnt82 1937 3045(and)m 2341(so)s 2607(has)s 2977(result)s
480 2543([27])m 0 2055(The)m 220 fnt35 428 2052(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k
240 fnt82 1401 2055(symbol)m 2161(is)s 2371(lik)s 2(e)k
2783(a)s 2949(de\207nition)s 3923(with)s 4405(parameters)s 5503(whose)s
6171(body)s 6705(can)s 7094(be)s 7376(changed:)s 220 fnt35
480 1554(@Str)m 2(ange)k 480 1266(    @F)m 6(or)k -5(mat { Slope @F)k 6(ont @V)k 15(al.)k 13( })k
480 978(27)m 240 fnt82 0 527(still)m 412(equals)s 220 fnt35
1074 524(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat 27)k 240 fnt82 2289 527(,)m
2396(b)s 4(ut)k 2758(this)s 3154(time)s 3634(the)s
3982(result)s 4572(is)s 240 fnt83 480 26(27.)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 17 23
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.2.)m 454(Named)s 1199(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s)k
240 fnt84 8831 13840(17)m 240 fnt82 0 13205(In)m 252(practice,)s
1110(e)s 3(xamples)k 2057(of)s 2323(named)s 3015(parameters)s
4109(with)s 4586(parameters)s 5680(all)s 5969(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
6466(this)s 6857(\210a)s 4(v)k 4(our)k 7583(of)s
7850(format)s 8541(being)s 0 12917(separated)m 996(from)s 1556(content;)s
2409(running)s 3243(headers)s 4060(\(Section)s 4950(4.3\))s 5414(and)s
5854(printing)s 6701(styles)s 7332(for)s 7707(bibliographies)s 0 12629(\(Section)m
853(4.5\))s 1281(are)s 1628(tw)s 2(o)k 2038(major)s
2655(ones.)s 240 fnt84 0 11836(2.3.)m 471(Nested)s 1216(de\207nitions,)s
2392(body)s 2954(parameters,)s 4236(extend,)s 5027(import,)s 5844(and)s
6285(export)s 240 fnt82 480 11359(A)m 710(de\207nition)s 1684(may)s
2150(contain)s 2911(other)s 3462(de\207nitions)s 4523(at)s 4755(the)s
5103(be)s 3(ginning)k 6111(of)s 6382(its)s 6658(body:)s
220 fnt35 480 10858(def @NineSquare)m 480 10570(   r)m -3(ight x)k 480 10282({)m
480 9994(   def @Three { x |0.2i x |0.2i x })m 480 9418(   @Three /0.2i @Three /0.2i @Three)m 480 9130(})m 240 fnt82 0 8636(A)m
227(parameter)s 1238(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35 1646 8633(x)m
240 fnt82 1811 8636(may)m 2274(be)s 2552(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
3364(an)s 3(ywhere)k 4343(within)s 5008(the)s 5353(body)s
5883(of)s 6151(the)s 6495(symbol)s 7252(it)s 7441(is)s
7647(a)s 7810(parameter)s 8820(of,)s 0 8348(including)m 973(within)s
1657(nested)s 2342(de\207nitions.)s 3532(A)s 3778(nested)s 4463(symbol)s
5239(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35 5667 8345(@Three)m 240 fnt82
6531 8348(may)m 7013(be)s 7311(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
8143(an)s 3(ywhere)k 0 8060(from)m 518(the)s 860(be)s 3(ginning)k
1862(of)s 2127(its)s 2397(o)s 6(wn)k 2855(body)s
3383(to)s 3616(the)s 3958(end)s 4355(of)s 4620(the)s
4962(body)s 5490(of)s 5755(the)s 6097(symbol)s 6851(it)s
7037(is)s 7241(de\207ned)s 7998(within.)s 8766(So,)s 0 7772(assuming)m
957(an)s 1240(appropriate)s 2384(de\207nition)s 3358(of)s 220 fnt35
3629 7769(@Bo)m 6(x)k 240 fnt82 4222 7772(,)m 220 fnt35
480 7271(@NineSquare @Bo)m 6(x)k 240 fnt82 0 6775(has)m 370(result)s
2796 2796 226 2570 240 288 60 480 3689 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 0 2056 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 1028 2056 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 2056 2056 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 0 1028 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 1028 1028 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 2056 1028 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 1028 0 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
740 740 226 514 240 288 60 2056 0 LoutGr2

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 3238(Nested)m 722(de\207nitions)s 1783(may)s 2249(themselv)s 3(es)k
3359(contain)s 4120(nested)s 4789(de\207nitions,)s 5906(to)s 6145(arbitrary)s
7020(depth.)s 480 2864(There)m 1100(are)s 1454(three)s 1994(special)s
2719(features)s 3532(which)s 4181(permit)s 4872(a)s 5045(nested)s
5721(symbol)s 6488(or)s 6754(parameter)s 7775(to)s 8021(be)s
8311(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 0 2576(outside)m
737(its)s 1003(normal)s 1725(range;)s 2358(that)s 2766(is,)s
3022(outside)s 3759(the)s 4096(body)s 4620(of)s 4881(the)s
5219(enclosing)s 6179(symbol.)s 7038(The)s 7456(\207rst)s 7877(and)s
8270(simplest)s 0 2288(of)m 267(these)s 810(features)s 1611(is)s
1817(the)s 240 fnt83 2161 2290(body)m 2678(par)s 3(ameter)k
240 fnt82 3677 2288(,)m 3780(an)s 4059(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5108(form)s 5628(of)s 5895(right)s 6401(parameter)s 13(.)k
7502(The)s 7926(Eq)s 8245(equation)s 0 2000(formatting)m 1052(package)s
1883([4)s 2076(,)s 2174(Chapter)s 2982(7])s 3211(is)s
3412(a)s 3569(classic)s 4249(e)s 3(xample)k 5102(of)s
5364(the)s 5703(use)s 6069(of)s 6331(a)s 6488(body)s
7013(parameter)s 13(.)k 8109(In)s 8355(outline,)s 0 1712(it)m
192(looks)s 762(lik)s 2(e)k 1174(this:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 18 24
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(18)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 220 fnt35 480 13211(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t "+" sup o)k 3(v)k 5(er)k
480 12635(def @Eq)m 480 12347(    body x)m 480 12059({)m 480 11771(    def "+" ...)m 480 11483(    def sup ...)m
480 11195(    def o)m 3(v)k 5(er ...)k 480 10907(    ...)m 480 10331(    Slope @F)m 6(ont x)k
480 10043(})m 240 fnt82 0 9549(First)m 518(we)s 874(list)s
1246(those)s 1828(nested)s 2518(symbols)s 3388(and)s 3813(parameters)s
4932(that)s 5371(we)s 5727(intend)s 6404(to)s 6664(refer)s
7194(to)s 7454(outside)s 8222(the)s 8592(body)s 0 9261(of)m
220 fnt35 274 9258(@Eq)m 240 fnt82 815 9261(in)m 1061(an)s
220 fnt35 1347 9258(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt82
2018 9261(clause,)m 2725(preceding)s 3724(the)s 4075(de\207nition)s 5052(as)s
5305(sho)s 6(wn.)k 6092(Only)s 6628(e)s 3(xported)k
7523(symbols)s 8375(may)s 8844(be)s 0 8973(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
817(outside)s 1566(the)s 1916(body)s 2452(of)s 220 fnt35
2725 8970(@Eq)m 240 fnt82 3203 8973(.)m 3369(The)s 3799(body)s
4335(parameter)s 5351(is)s 5563(lik)s 2(e)k 5977(a)s
6145(right)s 6658(parameter)s 7674(e)s 3(xcept)k 8357(that)s
8778(the)s 0 8685(e)m 3(xported)k 892(symbols)s 1741(are)s
2088(visible)s 2781(within)s 3449(it:)s 220 fnt35 480 8184(@Eq { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} o)m 3(v)k 5(er 2 })k
240 fnt82 0 7686(calls)m 488(on)s 785(the)s 1133(nested)s
1802(de\207nitions)s 2863(of)s 220 fnt35 3134 7683(@Eq)m 240 fnt82
3672 7686(to)m 3911(produce)s 4738(the)s 5086(result)s 168 fnt78
586 7231(2)m 240 fnt83 480 7171(x)m 240 fnt78 738 7163(+)m
168 fnt78 1041 7231(2)m 240 fnt83 939 7171(y)m 641 0 0 0 240 288 12 480 7073 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.05 ft setlinewidth stroke
grestore

grestore
240 fnt78
743 6845(2)m 240 fnt82 0 6334(The)m 416(body)s 937(parameter')s 13(s)k
2089(v)s 6(alue)k 2644(must)s 3156(be)s 3426(enclosed)s
4308(in)s 4539(braces.)s 5300(The)s 5715(term)s 6200(`body)s
6800(parameter')s 7854(is)s 8051(a)s 8204(reminder)s 0 6046(that)m
418(the)s 766(v)s 6(alue)k 1334(is)s 1544(interpreted)s
2636(as)s 2886(if)s 3103(it)s 3295(w)s 2(as)k
3716(within)s 4384(the)s 4732(body)s 5266(of)s 5537(the)s
5885(symbol.)s 480 5672(A)m 710(body)s 1244(parameter)s 2257(may)s
2723(not)s 3089(be)s 3370(e)s 3(xported,)k 4311(and)s
4714(in)s 4957(f)s 2(act)k 5372(a)s 5537(body)s
6071(parameter)s 7085(may)s 7550(be)s 7832(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
8646(only)s 0 5384(within)m 656(the)s 991(body)s 1512(of)s
1770(the)s 2105(enclosing)s 3063(symbol,)s 3862(not)s 4215(within)s
4870(an)s 3(y)k 5254(nested)s 5911(de\207nitions.)s 7072(F)s 3(or)k
7448(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 8349 5381(x)m 240 fnt82
8504 5384(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e)k 0 5096(may)m 471(not)s
843(be)s 1131(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
1952(within)s 220 fnt35 2626 5093(sup)m 240 fnt82 2972 5096(.)m
3141(This)s 3623(restriction)s 4653(is)s 4869(needed)s 5611(to)s
5855(a)s 4(v)k 4(oid)k 6443(the)s 6797(possibility)s
7853(of)s 8130(recursion,)s 0 4808(when)m 585(the)s 943(actual)s
1577(body)s 2121(parameter)s 3145(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k
3935(an)s 4228(e)s 3(xported)k 5129(nested)s 5808(de\207nition)s
6792(which)s 7443(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k
8234(the)s 8592(body)s 0 4520(parameter)m 9(,)k 1052(etc.)s
480 4146(The)m 932(second)s 1679(place)s 2263(where)s 2928(e)s 3(xported)k
3844(symbols)s 4717(may)s 5207(be)s 5514(used)s 6035(is)s
6269(in)s 6536(the)s 6909(right)s 7444(parameter)s 8482(of)s
8778(the)s 220 fnt35 0 3855(@Open)m 240 fnt82 806 3858(symbol,)m
1618(and)s 2022(follo)s 6(wing)k 2999(its)s 3275(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
4329(form,)s 220 fnt35 4900 3855(@Use)m 240 fnt82 5565 3858(\(Section)m
6418(3.36\).)s 480 3484(Exported)m 1480(nested)s 2214(symbols)s 3128(and)s
3598(parameters)s 4761(may)s 5292(be)s 5639(made)s 6279(visible)s
7037(within)s 7770(a)s 8002(subsequent)s 0 3196(de\207nition)m 974(or)s
1233(macro)s 1883(by)s 2177(preceding)s 3173(it)s 3365(with)s
3847(an)s 220 fnt35 4130 3193(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82
4803 3196(clause,)m 5507(lik)s 2(e)k 5919(this:)s 220 fnt35
480 2695(impor)m -8(t @Eq)k 480 2407(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k
240 fnt82 0 1908(Note)m 548(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k
1444(that)s 220 fnt35 1889 1905(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt82
2617 1908(can)m 3033(only)s 3540(be)s 3849(used)s 4374(with)s
4883(some)s 5471(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6552(of)s
220 fnt35 6850 1905(@Eq)m 240 fnt82 7328 1908(:)m 7521(within)s
8216(the)s 8592(body)s 0 1620(parameter)m 1036(of)s 1329(an)s
1635(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2711(of)s 220 fnt35
3005 1617(@Eq)m 240 fnt82 3483 1620(,)m 3612(within)s 4303(the)s
4673(right)s 5207(parameter)s 6243(of)s 6537(an)s 220 fnt35
6842 1617(@Eq&&tag @Open)m 240 fnt82 8737 1620(,)m 8867(or)s 0 1332(follo)m 6(wing)k
977(a)s 220 fnt35 1143 1329(@Use { @Eq ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt82
2798 1332(.)m 2962(There)s 3575(may)s 4041(be)s 4323(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k
5045(symbols)s 5894(in)s 6137(the)s 220 fnt35 6485 1329(impor)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 7158 1332(clause.)m 480 958(In)m 760(a)s 951(similar)s
1698(w)s 2(ay)k 2174(to)s 220 fnt35 2438 955(impor)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 3051 958(,)m 3183(a)s 3374(de\207nition)s 4373(may)s
4864(be)s 5171(preceded)s 6117(by)s 220 fnt35 6436 955(e)m 6(xtend)k
240 fnt82 7162 958(follo)m 6(wed)k 8089(by)s 8408(a)s
8599(sym)s 8998(-)s 0 670(bol)m 361(name:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 19 25
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.3.)m 454(Nested)s 1171(de\207nitions,)s 2261(body)s
2783(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s,)k 3961(e)s 4(xtend,)k
4674(import,)s 5405(and)s 5831(e)s 4(xport)k 240 fnt84
8832 13840(19)m 220 fnt35 480 13207(e)m 6(xtend @Eq)k 480 12919(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k
240 fnt82 0 12420(The)m 418(ef)s 6(fect)k 1003(of)s
1264(this)s 1649(is)s 1849(just)s 2243(as)s 2483(though)s
3195(the)s 3533(de\207nition)s 4496(of)s 220 fnt35 4757 12417(p)m 6(ythag)k
240 fnt82 5447 12420(had)m 5841(occurred)s 6724(directly)s 7497(after)s
7982(the)s 8319(e)s 3(xisting)k 0 12132(de\207nitions)m 1058(within)s
220 fnt35 1722 12129(@Eq)m 240 fnt82 2200 12132(,)m 2303(with)s
220 fnt35 2782 12129(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt82 3479 12132(added)m
4105(to)s 220 fnt35 4340 12129(@Eq)m 240 fnt82 4818 12132(')m 13(s)k
5025(e)s 3(xport)k 5689(list.)s 6140(This)s 6612(is)s
6819(useful)s 7454(for)s 7788(e)s 3(xtending)k 8778(the)s
0 11844(capabilities)m 1128(of)s 1389(a)s 1545(package)s 2375(of)s
2636(de\207nitions)s 3687(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35 4088 11841(@Eq)m
240 fnt82 4616 11844(without)m 5397(modifying)s 6437(its)s 6703(source)s
7373(\207le.)s 7832(The)s 8249(essential)s 0 11556(dif)m 6(ferences)k
1106(to)s 220 fnt35 1346 11553(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82
2020 11556(are)m 2368(that)s 2787(all)s 3081(the)s 3430(symbols)s
4280(of)s 220 fnt35 4552 11553(@Eq)m 240 fnt82 5091 11556(become)m
5892(visible)s 6586(within)s 220 fnt35 7255 11553(p)m 6(ythag)k
240 fnt82 7896 11556(,)m 8004(not)s 8371(just)s 8778(the)s
0 11268(e)m 3(xported)k 892(ones,)s 1438(and)s 1842(only)s
2322(one)s 2724(symbol)s 3484(may)s 3950(follo)s 6(w)k
4622(the)s 220 fnt35 4970 11265(e)m 6(xtend)k 240 fnt82
5671 11268(k)m 2(e)k 3(yw)k 2(ord.)k 480 10894(Actually)m 15(,)k
1399(more)s 1951(than)s 2424(one)s 2831(symbol)s 3595(may)s
4066(follo)s 6(w)k 220 fnt35 4743 10891(e)m 6(xtend)k
240 fnt82 5384 10894(,)m 5495(b)s 4(ut)k 5862(this)s
6262(usage)s 6868(indicates)s 7772(a)s 7943(`path)s 8496(name')s
0 10606(of)m 271(the)s 619(symbol.)s 1488(F)s 3(or)k
1877(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 10105(e)m 6(xtend @DocumentLa)k 6(y)k 4(out @Repor)k -8(tLa)k 6(y)k 4(out)k
480 9817(def @K)m 8(e)k 4(yw)k 2(ords ...)k 240 fnt82
0 9319(causes)m 676(the)s 1026(de\207nition)s 2002(of)s 220 fnt35
2275 9316(@K)m 8(e)k 4(yw)k 2(ords)k 240 fnt82
3502 9319(to)m 3743(occur)s 4335(directly)s 5120(after)s 5618(the)s
5968(e)s 3(xisting)k 6777(de\207nitions)s 7840(of)s 220 fnt35
8113 9316(@Repor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 8998 9319(-)m 220 fnt35
0 9028(La)m 6(y)k 4(out)k 240 fnt82 645 9031(,)m
752(which)s 1394(itself)s 1942(lies)s 2324(within)s 220 fnt35
2992 9028(@DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k 240 fnt82 4860 9031(.)m
480 8657(A)m 702(named)s 1390(parameter)s 2395(may)s 2853(also)s
3283(be)s 3556(preceded)s 4469(by)s 4754(an)s 220 fnt35
5029 8654(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 5694 8657(clause.)m 6386(As)s
6695(usual,)s 7299(the)s 7638(meaning)s 8507(is)s 8708(that)s
0 8369(the)m 336(visible)s 1016(local)s 1522(de\207nitions)s 2570(of)s
2828(the)s 3163(import)s 3847(symbol\(s\))s 4839(are)s 5173(visible)s
5853(within)s 6508(the)s 6843(body)s 7364(\(the)s 7778(def)s 2(ault)k
8486(v)s 6(alue\))k 0 8081(of)m 281(the)s 640(named)s
1347(parameter)s 13(.)k 2463(But)s 2879(furthermore,)s 4137(those)s
4709(symbols)s 5569(will)s 6005(be)s 6298(visible)s 7002(within)s
7681(all)s 7985(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 0 7793(of)m
271(the)s 619(parameter)s 13(.)k 1724(F)s 3(or)k
2113(e)s 3(xample,)k 3027(suppose)s 3855(we)s 4190(de\207ne)s
220 fnt35 480 7292(def @Diag)m 480 7004(    impor)m -8(t @Algebr)k 2(a named line)k 4(width { 1p })k
480 6716(    impor)m -8(t @Algebr)k 2(a named dashlength { 2p })k 480 6428(    ...)m 240 fnt82
0 5977(Then,)m 599(if)s 220 fnt35 816 5974(@Algebr)m 2(a)k
240 fnt82 1847 5977(e)m 3(xports)k 2599(symbols)s 220 fnt35
3448 5974(+)m 240 fnt82 3568 5977(,)m 220 fnt35 3675 5974(-)m
240 fnt82 3739 5977(,)m 3846(and)s 4250(so)s 4516(on,)s
4863(we)s 5198(may)s 5664(write)s 220 fnt35 480 5476(@Diag)m
480 5188(    line)m 4(width { 1f - 2p })k 480 4900(    dashlength { 1f + 2p })m 240 fnt82 0 4401(using)m
565(the)s 905(symbols)s 1747(from)s 220 fnt35 2263 4398(@Algebr)m 2(a)k
240 fnt82 3234 4401(.)m 3391(There)s 3996(may)s 4454(be)s
4729(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 5443(symbols)s 6285(after)s
6773(the)s 220 fnt35 7114 4398(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82
7779 4401(k)m 2(e)k 3(yw)k 2(ord.)k 8766(All)s
0 4113(these)m 558(symbols)s 1418(share)s 1990(an)s 2284(important)s
3285(restriction:)s 4429(the)s 3(y)k 4904(may)s 5381(not)s
5759(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6271(parameters.)s 7434(This)s
7921(is)s 8143(necessary)s 0 3825(because)m 841(Lout)s 1382(w)s 2(ould)k
2065(be)s 2376(unable)s 3098(to)s 3366(determine)s 4406(suitable)s
5233(v)s 6(alues)k 5918(for)s 6284(an)s 3(y)k
6710(such)s 7234(parameters,)s 8417(if)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k
0 3537(did)m 364(e)s 3(xist.)k 480 3163(As)m 814(an)s
1115(e)s 3(xception)k 2116(to)s 2373(the)s 2738(rule)s
3183(just)s 3605(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 4253(a)s
4436(named)s 5150(parameter)s 6181(may)s 6665(import)s 7379(the)s
7745(symbol)s 8522(it)s 8732(is)s 8960(a)s 0 2875(parameter)m
1014(of:)s 220 fnt35 480 2374(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @Cell)k
480 2086(def @Tb)m 4(l)k 480 1798(    impor)m -8(t @Tb)k 4(l named @F)k 6(or)k -5(mat { ...)k 13( })k
240 fnt82 0 1302(In)m 274(this)s 688(e)s 3(xample)k
1569(the)s 1936(e)s 3(xported)k 2846(de\207nitions)s 3925(of)s
220 fnt35 4215 1299(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt82 4802 1302(\(i.e.)m
220 fnt35 5235 1299(@Cell)m 240 fnt82 5820 1302(\))m 5966(will)s
6411(be)s 6711(visible)s 7422(within)s 220 fnt35 8109 1299(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k
240 fnt82 9022 1302(.)m 0 1014(Ho)m 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
984(the)s 3(y)k 1472(may)s 1963(only)s 2467(be)s
2774(used)s 3296(in)s 3563(actual)s 4213(parameters,)s 5392(not)s
5782(in)s 6050(the)s 6423(def)s 2(ault)k 7168(v)s 6(alue)k
7761(of)s 8057(the)s 8430(named)s 0 726(parameter)m 13(.)k
1098(This)s 1567(is)s 1769(o)s 6(wing)k 2408(to)s
2639(implementation)s 4189(problems:)s 5237(at)s 5462(the)s 5803(time)s
6275(the)s 6616(def)s 2(ault)k 7329(v)s 6(alue)k
7890(of)s 220 fnt35 8153 723(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 20 26
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(20)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(is)m 210(read,)s 728(the)s
1076(e)s 3(xported)k 1968(symbols)s 2817(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
3318(not)s 3684(been)s 4193(read)s 4662(and)s 5066(are)s
5413(consequently)s 6730(not)s 7096(kno)s 6(wn.)k 480 12831(Since)m
220 fnt35 1064 12828(@Cell)m 240 fnt82 1706 12831(is)m 1913(nested)s
2579(within)s 220 fnt35 3244 12828(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt82
3753 12831(,)m 3857(the)s 4202(v)s 6(alue)k 4766(of)s
5034(an)s 5314(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6365(of)s
220 fnt35 6633 12828(@Cell)m 240 fnt82 7275 12831(may)m 7738(depend)s
8485(on)s 8778(the)s 0 12543(v)m 6(alue)k 582(of)s
868(parameters)s 1980(of)s 220 fnt35 2266 12540(@Tb)m 4(l)k
240 fnt82 2775 12543(.)m 2953(If)s 220 fnt35 3198 12540(@Cell)m
240 fnt82 3857 12543(is)m 4082(used)s 4593(within)s 5276(an)s
5573(actual)s 220 fnt35 6213 12540(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k
240 fnt82 7200 12543(parameter)m 9(,)k 8267(its)s 8558(v)s 6(alue)k
0 12255(depends)m 833(on)s 1126(the)s 1471(v)s 6(alue)k
2035(of)s 2303(parameters)s 3397(of)s 3665(the)s 4009(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
5060(of)s 220 fnt35 5327 12252(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt82
5893 12255(of)m 6160(which)s 6799(the)s 220 fnt35 7143 12252(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k
240 fnt82 8112 12255(parameter)m 0 11967(is)m 210(a)s 376(part.)s
480 11593(A)m 710(de\207nition,)s 1734(macro,)s 2438(or)s 2697(named)s
3393(parameter)s 4407(may)s 4873(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
5374(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 6096(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
7150(names,)s 7868(lik)s 2(e)k 8280(this:)s 220 fnt35
480 11092(macro @CD @CentredDispla)m 6(y @CenteredDispla)k 6(y { ...)k 13( })k 240 fnt82
0 10594(This)m 489(is)s 713(useful)s 1366(for)s 1718(abbre)s 6(viated)k
2898(and)s 3316(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4384(spellings,)s
5355(as)s 5618(sho)s 6(wn.)k 6416(The)s 6858(names)s
7534(appear)s 8245(together)s 9(,)k 0 10306(and)m 404(the)s 3(y)k
867(may)s 1333(subsequently)s 2637(be)s 2919(used)s 3416(interchangeably)s 15(.)k
480 9932(If)m 698(one)s 1088(name)s 1649(of)s 1908(a)s
2062(symbol)s 2809(appears)s 3578(in)s 3809(an)s 4079(e)s 3(xport)k
4735(or)s 4982(import)s 5666(list,)s 6052(its)s 6316(other)s
6854(names)s 7504(are)s 7838(automaticaly)s 0 9644(included)m 882(as)s
1132(well,)s 1650(and)s 2054(should)s 2751(not)s 3117(also)s
3555(appear)s 4252(in)s 4495(the)s 4843(list.)s 240 fnt84
0 8851(2.4.)m 471(Filter)s 4(ed)k 1330(right)s 1894(and)s
2335(body)s 2897(parameters)s 240 fnt82 480 8374(A)m 719(right)s
1239(or)s 1507(body)s 2050(parameter)s 3073(may)s 3548(be)s
3839(\207ltered)s 4582(by)s 4885(some)s 5455(other)s 6015(computer)s
6987(program)s 7866(before)s 8541(being)s 0 8086(included)m 882(by)s
1176(Lout.)s 1792(As)s 2109(an)s 2392(e)s 3(xample)k
3255(of)s 3526(such)s 4022(a)s 4188(program)s 5058(we)s
5393(will)s 5819(use)s 6194(the)s 6542(Unix)s 220 fnt35
7076 8083(sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 7506 8086(command:)m 220 fnt35
480 7587(sor)m -8(t  -o out\207le  in\207le)k 240 fnt82 0 7133(This)m 499(causes)s
1198(\207le)s 220 fnt35 1582 7130(out\207le)m 240 fnt82 2243 7133(to)m
2505(contain)s 3290(a)s 3480(sorted)s 4145(cop)s 2(y)k
4687(of)s 4981(\207le)s 220 fnt35 5366 7130(in\207le)m 240 fnt82
5808 7133(.)m 5996(W)s 19(e)k 6388(incorporate)s 7556(this)s
7975(into)s 8424(a)s 8614(Lout)s 0 6845(de\207nition)m 974(as)s
1224(follo)s 6(ws:)k 220 fnt35 480 6393(def @Sor)m -8(t)k
480 6105(    named @Options {})m 480 5817(    r)m -3(ight x)k 480 5529({)m 480 5241(    def @Filter { sor)m -8(t @Options  -o @FilterOut  @FilterIn })k
480 4665(    lines @Break x)m 480 4377(})m 240 fnt82 0 3883(The)m 440(presence)s
1345(within)s 220 fnt35 2026 3880(@Sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82
2728 3883(of)m 3012(a)s 3191(de\207nition)s 4178(of)s 4462(a)s
4641(symbol)s 5414(called)s 220 fnt35 6055 3880(@Filter)m 240 fnt82
6837 3883(tells)m 7298(Lout)s 7823(that)s 8254(the)s 8615(right)s
0 3595(parameter)m 1057(of)s 220 fnt35 1372 3592(@Sor)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 2104 3595(is)m 2358(to)s 2640(be)s 2966(\207ltered)s
3743(before)s 4453(inclusion.)s 5537(When)s 220 fnt35 6210 3592(@Sor)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 6942 3595(is)m 7196(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k
220 fnt35 8103 3592(@Filter)m 240 fnt82 8916 3595(is)m 0 3307(e)m 6(v)k 6(aluated)k
978(and)s 1399(its)s 1692(v)s 6(alue)k 2277(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecuted)k
3196(as)s 3463(a)s 3646(system)s 4387(command.)s 5512(In)s
5785(addition)s 6643(to)s 6899(the)s 7264(symbols)s 8130(ordinarily)s
0 3019(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 908(within)s 1576(the)s
1924(body)s 2458(of)s 220 fnt35 2729 3016(@Filter)m 240 fnt82
3438 3019(,)m 3545(there)s 4078(are)s 4425(three)s 4958(others:)s
220 fnt35 0 2513(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt82 1920 2516(the)m 2273(name)s
2852(of)s 3128(a)s 3299(\207le)s 3665(which)s 4312(will,)s
4795(at)s 5032(the)s 5385(time)s 5870(the)s 6223(system)s
6952(command)s 7959(is)s 8175(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecuted,)k
1920 2228(contain)m 2726(the)s 3119(actual)s 3789(right)s 4345(or)s
4649(body)s 5228(parameter)s 6287(of)s 6603(the)s 6996(symbol,)s
7853(e)s 3(xactly)k 8639(as)s 8934(it)s 1920 1940(appears)m
2701(in)s 2944(the)s 3292(input)s 3844(\207le;)s 220 fnt35
0 1434(@FilterOut)m 240 fnt82 1920 1437(the)m 2305(name)s 2916(of)s
3224(a)s 3427(\207le)s 3826(of)s 4134(Lout)s 4683(te)s 3(xt)k
5135(whose)s 5840(contents)s 6726(Lout)s 7275(will)s 7738(read)s
8244(after)s 8778(the)s 1920 1149(system)m 2657(command)s 3673(has)s
4057(\207nished,)s 4936(as)s 5200(a)s 5380(replacement)s 6620(for)s
6972(what)s 7511(w)s 2(as)k 7946(put)s 8326(into)s
8765(\207le)s 220 fnt35 1920 858(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt82 2798 861(;)m
220 fnt35 0 374(@FilterErr)m 240 fnt82 1920 377(the)m 2273(name)s
2852(of)s 3129(a)s 3300(\207le)s 3667(that)s 4090(Lout)s
4608(will)s 5039(attempt)s 5820(to)s 6065(read)s 6539(after)s
7041(the)s 7394(system)s 8124(command)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 21 27
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.4.)m 454(F)s 10(ilter)k 8(ed)k
1271(right)s 1800(and)s 2226(body)s 2748(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s)k
240 fnt84 8839 13840(21)m 240 fnt82 1920 13205(has)m 2281(\207nished,)s
3137(containing)s 4191(error)s 4705(messages)s 5649(produced)s 6589(by)s
6874(the)s 7213(command)s 8206(that)s 8614(Lout)s 1920 12917(will)m
2346(pass)s 2809(on)s 3106(to)s 3345(the)s 3693(user)s
4151(as)s 4401(non-f)s 2(atal)k 5316(errors.)s 6036(Use)s
6464(of)s 6735(this)s 7131(\207le)s 7492(is)s 7702(optional.)s
0 12414(It)m 205(is)s 415(a)s 581(f)s 2(atal)k
1057(error)s 1580(for)s 1918(the)s 2266(system)s 2990(command)s
3992(to)s 4231(return)s 4858(a)s 5024(non-zero)s 5927(status.)s
480 12040(No)m 6(w)k 1001(the)s 220 fnt35 1356 12037(sor)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 1793 12040(command)m 2802(has)s 3179(options)s 220 fnt35
3942 12037(-u)m 240 fnt82 4190 12040(for)m 4535(deleting)s 5365(duplicate)s
6304(lines,)s 6869(and)s 220 fnt35 7280 12037(-r)m 240 fnt82
7493 12040(for)m 7838(re)s 6(v)k 3(ersing)k 8778(the)s
0 11752(sorting)m 717(order)s 13(.)k 1372(So)s 1678(the)s
2026(result)s 2616(of)s 220 fnt35 480 11251(@Sor)m -8(t)k
480 10963(    @Options { -r -u })m 480 10675({)m 480 10387(A)m 6(usten, J)k 4(ane)k
480 10099(Dic)m 4(k)k 4(ens)k 3(, Char)k -3(les)k
480 9811(Eliot, George)m 480 9523(Hardy)m 22(, )k 11(Thomas)k 480 9235(Bront{@Char edieresis}, Char)m -3(lotte)k
480 8947(})m 240 fnt82 0 8453(is)m 480 8000(Hardy)m 15(,)k
1170(Thomas)s 480 7712(Eliot,)m 1051(Geor)s 4(ge)k 480 7424(Dick)m 2(ens,)k
1369(Charles)s 480 7136(Bront\353,)m 1238(Charlotte)s 480 6848(Austen,)m 1265(Jane)s
0 6364(Unlik)m 2(e)k 705(all)s 998(the)s 1347(other)s
1898(e)s 3(xamples)k 2849(in)s 3093(this)s 3489(manual,)s
4300(this)s 4697(output)s 5369(is)s 5579(simulated.)s 6673(This)s
7149(w)s 2(as)k 7570(done)s 8093(so)s 8359(that)s
8778(the)s 0 6076(ability)m 661(to)s 896(format)s 1588(this)s
1980(manual)s 2735(is)s 2942(not)s 3304(dependent)s 4344(on)s
4637(the)s 4981(e)s 3(xistence)k 5919(of)s 6187(the)s
6531(Unix)s 220 fnt35 7061 6073(sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82
7487 6076(command,)m 8534(and)s 8934(it)s 0 5788(highlights)m 1008(the)s
1356(f)s 2(act)k 1771(that)s 2189(\207ltered)s 2923(actual)s
3548(parameters)s 4646(are)s 4993(by)s 5287(their)s 5784(nature)s
6437(of)s 6708(uncertain)s 7654(portability)s 15(.)k 480 5414(There)m
1114(is)s 1345(no)s 1660(need)s 2191(for)s 2550(an)s
2855(actual)s 3501(\207ltered)s 4257(parameter)s 5292(to)s 5552(obe)s 3(y)k
6091(the)s 6460(le)s 3(xical)k 7169(rules)s 7706(of)s
7998(Lout,)s 8579(since)s 0 5126(it)m 207(is)s 432(passed)s
1143(directly)s 1941(to)s 2195(the)s 2558(other)s 3124(program.)s
4113(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
5088(Lout)s 5615(must)s 6155(be)s 6452(able)s 6921(to)s
7175(w)s 2(ork)k 7741(out)s 8122(where)s 8778(the)s
0 4838(parameter)m 1034(ends,)s 1601(which)s 2263(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k
2831(rise)s 3251(to)s 3511(the)s 3879(follo)s 6(wing)k
4877(rules.)s 5525(As)s 5863(with)s 6365(a)s 6552(body)s
7106(parameter)s 9(,)k 8179(a)s 8366(symbol)s 220 fnt35
0 4547(@Sym)m 240 fnt82 730 4550(with)m 1235(a)s 1423(\207ltered)s
2180(parameter)s 3217(must)s 3764(be)s 4069(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
4906(in)s 5172(either)s 5798(the)s 6168(form)s 220 fnt35
6715 4547(@Sym { ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt82 7949 4550(or)m 8231(the)s
8602(form)s 220 fnt35 0 4259(@Sym @Begin ...)m 13( @End @Sym)k 240 fnt82
3120 4262(,)m 3251(plus)s 3725(options)s 4505(as)s 4779(usual.)s
5472(In)s 5753(the)s 6125(former)s 6858(case,)s 7400(braces)s
8085(within)s 8778(the)s 0 3974(actual)m 625(parameter)s 1639(must)s
2164(match;)s 2860(in)s 3103(the)s 3451(latter)s 4000(case,)s
4518(the)s 4866(actual)s 5491(parameter)s 6505(may)s 6971(not)s
7337(contain)s 220 fnt35 8098 3971(@End)m 240 fnt82 8699 3974(.)m
480 3600(If)m 725(an)s 1024(actual)s 1664(\207ltered)s 2414(parameter)s
3444(contains)s 220 fnt35 4307 3597(@Include)m 240 fnt82 5229 3600(,)m
5352(this)s 5764(is)s 5989(tak)s 2(en)k 6578(to)s
6833(be)s 3(gin)k 7434(a)s 7616(Lout)s 220 fnt35
8144 3597(@Include)m 240 fnt82 0 3312(directi)m 6(v)k 3(e)k
882(in)s 1125(the)s 1473(usual)s 2033(form)s 2557(\(Section)s
3410(3.42\):)s 220 fnt35 480 2821(@Sor)m -8(t {)k 480 2533(A)m 6(usten, J)k 4(ane)k
480 2245(@Include { authors })m 480 1957(Hardy)m 22(, )k 11(Thomas)k 480 1669(})m
240 fnt82 0 1175(The)m 421(included)s 1296(\207le)s 1649(becomes)s
2530(part)s 2954(of)s 220 fnt35 3217 1172(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt82
4095 1175(,)m 4195(b)s 4(ut)k 4549(an)s 3(y)k
4939(braces,)s 220 fnt35 5649 1172(@Include)m 240 fnt82 6571 1175(,)m
6670(or)s 220 fnt35 6922 1172(@End)m 240 fnt82 7576 1175(within)m
8236(it)s 8421(are)s 8760(not)s 0 887(noticed)m 762(by)s
1056(Lout.)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 22 28
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(22)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 240 fnt82 480 13205(The)m 928(\207rst)s 1380(character)s
2335(of)s 2627(\207le)s 220 fnt35 3009 13202(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt82
3968 13205(will)m 4415(be)s 4718(the)s 5087(\207rst)s 5539(non-white)s
6586(space)s 7194(character)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 0 12917(the)m
353(opening)s 220 fnt35 1184 12914({)m 240 fnt82 1314 12917(or)m
220 fnt35 1579 12914(@Begin)m 240 fnt82 2348 12917(,)m 2461(or)s
2726(the)s 3080(\207rst)s 3517(character)s 4457(of)s 4734(an)s
5023(included)s 5911(\207le)s 6278(if)s 220 fnt35 6501 12914(@Include)m
240 fnt82 7489 12917(comes)m 8157(\207rst.)s 8698(The)s 0 12629(second-last)m
1146(character)s 2091(of)s 2374(\207le)s 220 fnt35 2746 12626(@FilterIn)m
240 fnt82 3696 12629(will)m 4133(be)s 4427(the)s 4786(last)s
5189(non-white)s 6226(space)s 6825(character)s 7770(preceding)s 8778(the)s
0 12341(closing)m 220 fnt35 745 12338(})m 240 fnt82 871 12341(or)m
220 fnt35 1132 12338(@End @Sym)m 240 fnt82 2454 12341(,)m 2563(or)s
2824(the)s 3174(last)s 3567(character)s 4503(of)s 4775(an)s
5060(included)s 5944(\207le)s 6307(if)s 220 fnt35 6526 12338(@Include)m
240 fnt82 7510 12341(comes)m 8174(last.)s 8671(One)s 0 12053(ne)m 6(wline)k
833(character)s 1794(is)s 2030(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k
2768(appended)s 3770(and)s 4201(is)s 4437(the)s 4812(last)s
5229(character)s 6190(of)s 6487(\207le)s 220 fnt35 6875 12050(@FilterIn)m
240 fnt82 7753 12053(.)m 7943(This)s 8446(ef)s 6(fects)k
0 11765(a)m 206(compromise)s 1484(between)s 2378(the)s 2766(Lout)s
3319(con)s 9(v)k 3(ention,)k 4518(that)s 4976(spaces)s
5691(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt35 6708 11762({)m 240 fnt82
6873 11765(or)m 7172(preceding)s 220 fnt35 8208 11762(})m 240 fnt82
8372 11765(are)m 8760(not)s 0 11477(signi\207cant,)m 1103(with)s 1585(the)s
1933(Unix)s 2467(con)s 9(v)k 3(ention)k 3576(that)s
3994(all)s 4287(te)s 3(xt)k 4702(\207les)s 5151(end)s
5555(with)s 6037(a)s 6203(ne)s 6(wline)k 7010(character)s 13(.)k
240 fnt84 0 10684(2.5.)m 471(Pr)s 4(ecedence)k 1677(and)s
2118(associati)s 2(vity)k 3420(of)s 3692(symbols)s 240 fnt82
480 10207(Ev)m 3(ery)k 1131(symbol)s 1920(in)s 2192(Lout)s
2733(has)s 3132(a)s 240 fnt83 3327 10209(pr)m 8(ecedence)k
240 fnt82 4401 10207(,)m 4538(which)s 5209(is)s 5448(a)s
5643(positi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6476(whole)s 7146(number)s 13(.)k
8057(When)s 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 9919(symbols)m 849(compete)s
1715(for)s 2053(an)s 2336(object,)s 3027(the)s 3375(one)s
3777(with)s 4259(the)s 4607(higher)s 5278(precedence)s 6409(wins)s
6912(it.)s 7208(F)s 3(or)k 7597(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 480 9418(a  |  b  /  c)m 240 fnt82 0 8963(is)m 210(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k
1253(to)s 220 fnt35 1491 8960({)m 1616(a)s 1794(|)s
1892(b)s 2067(})s 2192(/)s 2317(c)s 240 fnt82
2482 8963(rather)m 3097(than)s 220 fnt35 3565 8960(a)m 3743(|)s
3841({)s 3966(b)s 4141(/)s 4266(c)s 4432(})s
240 fnt82 4496 8963(,)m 4603(because)s 220 fnt35 5415 8960(|)m
240 fnt82 5511 8963(has)m 5881(higher)s 6551(precedence)s 7681(than)s
220 fnt35 8150 8960(/)m 240 fnt82 8273 8963(and)m 8676(thus)s
0 8675(wins)m 503(the)s 220 fnt35 851 8672(b)m 240 fnt82
965 8675(.)m 480 8301(When)m 1149(the)s 1538(tw)s 2(o)k
1988(competing)s 3092(symbols)s 3981(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
4523(equal)s 5137(precedence,)s 6359(Lout)s 6912(applies)s 7680(a)s
7887(second)s 8651(rule.)s 0 8013(Each)m 545(symbol)s 1316(is)s
1537(either)s 240 fnt83 2151 8015(left-associative)m 240 fnt82 3659 8013(or)m
240 fnt83 3929 8015(right-associative)m 240 fnt82 5528 8013(.)m 5703(The)s
6142(v)s 6(alue)k 6720(of)s 220 fnt35 7002 8010(a)m
7180(op1)s 7564(b)s 7739(op2)s 8156(c)s 240 fnt82
8332 8013(is)m 8553(tak)s 2(en)k 0 7725(to)m 252(be)s
220 fnt35 547 7722({)m 672(a)s 850(op1)s 1234(b)s
1409(})s 1534(op2)s 1951(c)s 240 fnt82 2129 7725(if)m
2359(the)s 2720(symbols)s 3582(are)s 3942(both)s 4438(left-associati)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k
5993(and)s 220 fnt35 6410 7722(a op1 { b op2 c })m 240 fnt82 8072 7725(if)m
8302(the)s 3(y)k 8779(are)s 0 7437(right-associati)m 6(v)k 3(e.)k
1733(In)s 1989(cases)s 2544(not)s 2910(co)s 3(v)k 3(ered)k
3719(by)s 4013(these)s 4560(tw)s 2(o)k 4970(rules,)s
5541(use)s 5916(braces.)s 480 7063(It)m 672(sometimes)s 1732(happens)s
2554(that)s 2959(the)s 3294(result)s 3870(is)s 4067(the)s
4402(same)s 4935(re)s 3(g)k 1(ardless)k 5937(of)s
6195(ho)s 6(w)k 6642(the)s 6977(e)s 3(xpression)k
8041(is)s 8237(grouped.)s 0 6775(F)m 3(or)k 382(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 1289 6772({)m 1414(a)s 1592(|)s 1690(b)s
1865(})s 1990(|)s 2088(c)s 240 fnt82 2246 6775(and)m
220 fnt35 2643 6772(a)m 2821(|)s 2919({)s 3044(b)s
3219(|)s 3317(c)s 3483(})s 240 fnt82 3599 6775(are)m
3939(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 4643(the)s 4984(same,)s
5575(for)s 5905(an)s 3(y)k 6295(combination)s 7541(of)s
7805(objects,)s 8581(g)s 1(aps,)k 0 6487(and)m 416(v)s 6(ariants)k
1230(of)s 220 fnt35 1513 6484(|)m 240 fnt82 1550 6487(.)m
1727(In)s 1995(such)s 2504(cases)s 3071(the)s 3432(symbols)s
4293(are)s 4653(said)s 5108(to)s 5360(be)s 240 fnt83
5654 6489(associative)m 240 fnt82 6709 6487(,)m 6829(and)s 7245(we)s
7593(can)s 7995(con\207dently)s 0 6199(omit)m 498(the)s 846(braces.)s
480 5825(User)m 4(-de\207ned)k 1769(symbols)s 2618(may)s 3084(be)s
3366(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3946(a)s 4112(precedence)s
5243(and)s 5647(associati)s 6(vity:)k 220 fnt35 480 5324(def @Super)m
480 5036(   precedence 50)m 480 4748(   associativity r)m -3(ight)k 480 4460(   left x)m 480 4172(   r)m -3(ight y)k
480 3884({)m 480 3596(   @OneRo)m 3(w { | -2p @F)k 6(ont y ^/0.5fk x })k 480 3308(})m
240 fnt82 0 2814(The)m 3(y)k 541(come)s 1113(just)s
1516(after)s 2010(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt35 2405 2811(into)m
240 fnt82 2809 2814(clause)m 3460(and)s 3862(before)s 4526(an)s 3(y)k
4921(parameter)s 5933(de\207nitions.)s 7105(The)s 7531(precedence)s 8660(may)s
0 2526(be)m 280(an)s 3(y)k 674(whole)s 1313(number)s
2101(between)s 2952(10)s 3245(and)s 3646(100,)s 4110(and)s
4512(if)s 4726(omitted)s 5511(is)s 5719(assigned)s 6598(the)s
6943(v)s 6(alue)k 7509(100.)s 8030(The)s 8455(higher)s
0 2238(the)m 373(number)s 9(,)k 1227(the)s 1600(higher)s
2296(the)s 2669(precedence.)s 3933(The)s 4386(associati)s 6(vity)k
5654(may)s 6145(be)s 220 fnt35 6452 2235(left)m 240 fnt82
6825 2238(or)m 220 fnt35 7109 2235(r)m -3(ight)k 240 fnt82
7534 2238(,)m 7666(and)s 8095(if)s 8338(omitted)s 0 1950(def)m 2(aults)k
805(to)s 220 fnt35 1044 1947(r)m -3(ight)k 240 fnt82
1469 1950(.)m 1633(Lout')s 13(s)k 2295(symbols)s 3144(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
3645(the)s 3993(follo)s 6(wing)k 4970(precedences)s 6189(and)s
6593(associati)s 6(vities:)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 23 29
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.5.)m 454(Pr)s 8(ecedence)k 1614(and)s
2040(associativity)s 3290(of)s 3571(symbols)s 240 fnt84 8833 13840(23)m
240 fnt82 480 13170(Precedence)m 1904(Associati)s 6(vity)k 3493(Symbols)s
969 12594(5)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt35
3493 12591(/  ^/  //  ^//)m 240 fnt82 965 12306(6)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
220 fnt35 3493 12303(|  ^|  ||  ^||)m 240 fnt82 968 12018(7)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
220 fnt35 3493 12015(&  ^&)m 240 fnt82 968 11730(7)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
220 fnt35 3493 11727(&)m 240 fnt82 3695 11730(in)m 3938(the)s
4286(form)s 4810(of)s 5081(one)s 5483(or)s 5742(more)s
6289(white)s 6876(space)s 7463(characters)s 685 11442(10-100)m 220 fnt35
2012 11439(left)m 240 fnt82 2360 11442(or)m 220 fnt35 2619 11439(r)m -3(ight)k
240 fnt82 3493 11442(user)m 4(-de\207ned)k 4729(symbols)s 844 11154(100)m
220 fnt35 2316 11151(r)m -3(ight)k 3493(@Wide)s 240 fnt82
4207 11154(,)m 220 fnt35 4314 11151(@High)m 240 fnt82 4973 11154(,)m
220 fnt35 5080 11151(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 6064 11154(,)m
6171(etc.)s 854 10866(101)m 2494(-)s 220 fnt35 3493 10863(&&)m
240 fnt82 845 10578(102)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
220 fnt35 3493 10575(&)m 240 fnt82 3695 10578(in)m 3938(the)s
4286(form)s 4810(of)s 5081(0)s 5256(spaces)s 850 10290(103)m
2494(-)s 3493(Body)s 4067(parameters)s 5165(and)s 5569(right)s
6080(parameters)s 7178(of)s 220 fnt35 7449 10287(@Open)m 240 fnt82
0 9749(Actually)m 883(the)s 1238(precedence)s 2375(of)s 2653(juxtaposition)s
3965(\(tw)s 2(o)k 4461(objects)s 5195(separated)s 6162(by)s
6462(zero)s 6933(spaces\))s 7691(is)s 7908(a)s 8080(little)s
8579(more)s 0 9461(complicated.)m 1333(If)s 1565(either)s 2170(of)s
2443(the)s 2793(tw)s 2(o)k 3205(objects)s 3934(is)s
4146(enclosed)s 5043(in)s 5288(braces,)s 6007(the)s 6357(precedence)s
7489(is)s 7701(7)s 7871(as)s 8123(for)s 8463(one)s
8867(or)s 0 9173(more)m 541(spaces.)s 1322(If)s 1545(neither)s
2262(object)s 2899(is)s 3102(enclosed)s 3991(in)s 4227(braces,)s
4937(the)s 5279(precedence)s 6403(is)s 6606(102)s 7014(as)s
7257(sho)s 6(wn)k 7927(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e.)k
8650(This)s 0 8885(complicated)m 1216(rule)s 1633(seems)s 2258(to)s
2486(accord)s 3171(better)s 3764(with)s 4235(what)s 4750(people)s
5434(e)s 3(xpect)k 6104(and)s 6498(need)s 6998(in)s
7230(practice)s 8031(than)s 8490(a)s 8645(pure)s 0 8597(precedence)m
1131(rule)s 1558(can)s 1947(do.)s 240 fnt84 0 7804(2.6.)m
471(The)s 926(style)s 1446(and)s 1887(size)s 2314(of)s
2586(objects)s 240 fnt82 480 7327(This)m 944(section)s 1666(e)s 3(xplains)k
2499(ho)s 6(w)k 2948(Lout)s 3448(determines)s 4535(the)s
4870(style)s 5365(and)s 5757(size)s 6172(of)s 6431(each)s
6914(object.)s 7650(T)s 19(ogether)k 9(,)k 8579(these)s
0 7039(attrib)m 4(utes)k 935(determine)s 1946(the)s 2294(object')s 13(s)k
3088(\207nal)s 3568(appearance)s 4699(in)s 4942(the)s 5290(output.)s
480 6665(The)m 908(style)s 1415(of)s 1686(an)s 1969(object)s
2613(comprises)s 3633(the)s 3981(follo)s 6(wing:)k 0 6162(\213)m
480(Which)s 1175(font)s 1620(f)s 2(amily)k 15(,)k
2333(f)s 2(ace)k 2784(and)s 3188(size)s 3615(to)s
3854(use)s 4229(\(also)s 4746(de\207ning)s 5584(the)s 220 fnt35
5932 6159(f)m 240 fnt82 6050 6162(unit\);)m 0 5659(\213)m 480(Whether)s
1363(small)s 1935(capitals)s 2715(are)s 3062(in)s 3305(ef)s 6(fect)k
3901(or)s 4160(not;)s 0 5156(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(g)s 1(ap)k
1456(to)s 1695(replace)s 2440(a)s 2606(single)s 3233(space)s
3820(between)s 4674(tw)s 2(o)k 5084(objects)s 5812(by)s
6106(\(also)s 6623(de\207ning)s 7461(the)s 220 fnt35 7809 5153(s)m
240 fnt82 7972 5156(unit\);)m 0 4653(\213)m 480(The)s 900(interpretation)s
2235(to)s 2465(place)s 3017(on)s 3306(white)s 3884(space)s
4463(separating)s 5490(tw)s 2(o)k 5891(objects)s 6611(\()s
220 fnt35 6684 4650(lout)m 240 fnt82 7033 4653(,)m 220 fnt35
7132 4650(compress)m 240 fnt82 8077 4653(,)m 220 fnt35 8175 4650(separ)m 2(ate)k
240 fnt82 9019 4653(,)m 220 fnt35 480 4362(troff)m 240 fnt82
855 4365(,)m 962(or)s 220 fnt35 1221 4362(te)m 6(x)k
240 fnt82 1566 4365(as)m 1816(in)s 2059(Section)s 2833(3.5\);)s
0 3871(\213)m 480(The)s 908(current)s 1644(v)s 6(alue)k
2212(of)s 2483(the)s 220 fnt35 2831 3868(y)m 240 fnt82
2999 3871(and)m 220 fnt35 3403 3868(z)m 240 fnt82 3567 3871(units)m
4083(of)s 4354(measurement)s 5688(\(Section)s 6541(3.6\);)s 0 3370(\213)m
480(The)s 908(kind)s 1392(of)s 1663(paragraph)s 2676(breaking)s
3566(to)s 3805(emplo)s 2(y)k 4575(\()s 220 fnt35
4648 3367(adjust)m 240 fnt82 5229 3370(,)m 220 fnt35 5336 3367(r)m 2(agged)k
240 fnt82 6005 3370(,)m 6112(etc.\))s 0 2867(\213)m 480(What)s
1058(g)s 1(ap)k 1456(to)s 1695(insert)s 2285(between)s
3139(the)s 3487(lines)s 3989(of)s 4260(paragraphs)s 5360(\(also)s
5877(de\207ning)s 6715(the)s 220 fnt35 7063 2864(v)m 240 fnt82
7232 2867(unit\);)m 0 2364(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1363(to)s 1602(permit)s
2285(h)s 1(yphenation)k 3525(or)s 3784(not;)s 0 1861(\213)m
480(What)s 1058(colour)s 1729(the)s 2077(object)s 2721(is)s
2931(to)s 3170(appear)s 3867(in;)s 0 1358(\213)m 480(Whether)s
220 fnt35 1363 1355(@Outline)m 240 fnt82 2332 1358(is)m 2542(in)s
2785(ef)s 6(fect;)k 0 874(\213)m 480(The)s 908(language)s
1828(of)s 2099(the)s 2447(object;)s 0 371(\213)m 480(Whether)s
220 fnt35 1363 368(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 240 fnt82 2320 371(,)m
220 fnt35 2427 368(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt82 3473 371(and)m 220 fnt35
3877 368(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt82 4885 371(are)m 5232(in)s
5475(ef)s 6(fect.)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 24 30
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(24)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(The)m 423(style)s 925(of)s
1191(an)s 1468(object)s 2107(depends)s 2938(on)s 3229(where)s
3864(it)s 4051(appears)s 4827(in)s 5064(the)s 5407(\207nal)s
5882(document.)s 6984(F)s 3(or)k 7368(e)s 3(xample,)k
8277(the)s 8619(style)s 0 12917(of)m 286(a)s 467(parameter)s
1497(depends)s 2348(on)s 2661(where)s 3316(it)s 3524(is)s
3749(used;)s 4316(the)s 4679(style)s 5201(of)s 5488(a)s
5669(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6319(is)s 6544(the)s
6908(style)s 7430(of)s 7717(the)s 8080(\207rst)s 8527(tar)s 4(get)k
0 12629(that)m 415(it)s 603(attempts)s 1459(to)s 1695(attach)s
2318(itself)s 2862(to.)s 3208(Of)s 3529(course,)s 4256(the)s
4600(style)s 5103(of)s 5371(an)s 3(y)k 5764(object)s
6404(can)s 6789(be)s 7068(changed)s 7920(by)s 8210(using)s
8778(the)s 220 fnt35 0 12338(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt82
652 12341(,)m 220 fnt35 759 12338(@Break)m 240 fnt82 1555 12341(,)m
220 fnt35 1662 12338(@Space)m 240 fnt82 2499 12341(,)m 220 fnt35
2606 12338(@SetColour)m 240 fnt82 3863 12341(or)m 220 fnt35 4122 12338(@SetColor)m
240 fnt82 5197 12341(,)m 220 fnt35 5304 12338(@Outline)m 240 fnt82
6213 12341(,)m 6320(and)s 220 fnt35 6724 12338(@Language)m 240 fnt82
7975 12341(symbols.)m 480 11967(There)m 1102(are)s 1459(no)s 1761(standard)s
2639(def)s 2(ault)k 3369(v)s 6(alues)k 4035(for)s
4382(style,)s 4950(e)s 3(xcept)k 5640(that)s 6068(small)s
6649(capitals)s 7439(and)s 7852(outlining)s 8779(are)s 0 11679(initially)m
800(of)s 6(f,)k 1183(the)s 1535(interpretation)s 2882(of)s
3157(white)s 3748(space)s 4339(is)s 4553(initially)s 220 fnt35
5354 11676(lout)m 240 fnt82 5703 11679(,)m 5814(and)s 6222(the)s
6574(v)s 6(alues)k 7234(of)s 7509(the)s 220 fnt35
7861 11676(y)m 240 fnt82 8033 11679(and)m 220 fnt35 8441 11676(z)m
240 fnt82 8610 11679(units)m 0 11391(are)m 355(zero.)s 939(Therefore)s
1945(one)s 2356(must)s 2890(ensure)s 3578(that)s 4005(the)s
4362(root)s 4816(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5459(or)s
5726(each)s 6230(of)s 6510(its)s 6795(components)s 8012(is)s
8231(enclosed)s 0 11103(in)m 220 fnt35 238 11100(@F)m 6(ont)k
240 fnt82 890 11103(,)m 220 fnt35 992 11100(@Break)m 240 fnt82
1788 11103(,)m 220 fnt35 1890 11100(@SetColour)m 240 fnt82 3142 11103(or)m
220 fnt35 3396 11100(@SetColor)m 240 fnt82 4471 11103(,)m 4573(and)s
220 fnt35 4972 11100(@Language)m 240 fnt82 6218 11103(symbols.)m 7175(From)s
7748(there)s 8276(the)s 8619(style)s 0 10815(is)m 206(passed)s
897(to)s 1131(incoming)s 2083(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
2802(and)s 3202(the)s 3545(objects)s 4268(within)s 4931(them.)s
5568(Enclosure)s 6576(in)s 220 fnt35 6814 10812(@Space)m 240 fnt82
7706 10815(is)m 7911(not)s 8272(required)s 0 10527(because)m 813(the)s
220 fnt35 1161 10524(s)m 240 fnt82 1324 10527(unit)m 1756(is)s
1966(also)s 2404(set)s 2729(by)s 220 fnt35 3023 10524(@F)m 6(ont)k
240 fnt82 3735 10527(\(Section)m 4588(3.5\).)s 536 10153(The)m 959(remainder)s
1983(of)s 2249(this)s 2641(section)s 3370(e)s 3(xplains)k
4210(ho)s 6(w)k 4667(the)s 5010(size)s 5433(of)s
5699(each)s 6189(object)s 6829(\(its)s 7179(width)s 7777(and)s
8176(height)s 8829(on)s 0 9865(the)m 353(printed)s 1094(page\))s
1679(is)s 1895(determined.)s 3140(W)s 19(e)k 3514(will)s
3946(treat)s 4434(width)s 5042(only)s 15(,)k 5566(since)s
6118(height)s 6782(is)s 6997(determined)s 8136(in)s 8385(e)s 3(xactly)k
0 9577(the)m 348(same)s 895(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k
1384(e)s 3(xcept)k 2065(that)s 2483(the)s 2831(complications)s
4223(introduced)s 5304(by)s 5598(paragraph)s 6611(breaking)s 7501(are)s
7848(absent.)s 480 9203(W)m 9(ith)k 1006(three)s 1539(e)s 3(xceptions)k
2611(\(see)s 3051(belo)s 6(w\),)k 3817(the)s 4165(width)s
4768(of)s 5039(an)s 5323(object)s 5967(is)s 6178(as)s
6428(lar)s 4(ge)k 6958(as)s 7208(it)s 7401(possibly)s
8253(could)s 8844(be)s 0 8915(without)m 784(violating)s 1679(a)s
220 fnt35 1837 8912(@Wide)m 240 fnt82 2603 8915(symbol)m 3355(or)s
3606(intruding)s 4528(into)s 4945(the)s 5285(space)s 5864(occupied)s
6778(by)s 7064(neighbouring)s 8386(g)s 1(aps)k 8867(or)s
0 8627(objects.)m 841(As)s 1158(an)s 1441(aid)s 1791(to)s
2030(in)s 9(v)k 3(estig)k 1(ating)k 3305(this)s
3701(rule,)s 4179(we)s 4514(will)s 4940(use)s 5315(the)s
5663(de\207nition)s 220 fnt35 480 8126(def @TightBo)m 6(x r)k -3(ight x)k
480 7838({)m 480 7550(  "0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto xsiz)k 3(e ysiz)k 3(e lineto 0 ysiz)k 3(e lineto closepath strok)k 4(e")k
480 7262(  @Gr)m 2(aphic x)k 480 6974(})m 240 fnt82 0 6480(which)m
657(dra)s 3(ws)k 1291(a)s 1472(box)s 1903(around)s
2641(the)s 3004(boundary)s 3978(of)s 4265(its)s 4556(right)s
5082(parameter)s 6111(\(Section)s 6980(3.38\))s 7543(with)s 8040(no)s
8349(mar)s 4(gin.)k 0 6192(The)m 428(result)s 1018(of)s
220 fnt35 480 5741(5c @Wide @TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt82 0 5242(is)m
2835 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 4737 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
0 52(metempsychosis)m 
grestore
0 4286(The)m 432(widest)s 1120(that)s 220 fnt35
1542 4283(@TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt82 4377 4286(could)m 4971(possibly)s
5827(be)s 6113(is)s 6327(\207v)s 3(e)k 6743(centimetres,)s
7954(and)s 8363(accord)s 8998(-)s 0 3998(ingly)m 552(that)s
977(is)s 1194(its)s 1477(width.)s 2193(The)s 2628(same)s
3182(applies)s 3917(to)s 220 fnt35 4163 3995(metempsychosis)m 240 fnt82
5791 3998(,)m 5905(which)s 6554(is)s 6771(\207v)s 3(e)k
7190(centimetres)s 8348(wide)s 8876(as)s 0 3710(well.)m 583(Note)s
1113(carefully)s 2024(that)s 2451(there)s 2992(is)s 3211(no)s
3513(object)s 4166(in)s 4418(this)s 4822(e)s 3(xample)k
5694(whose)s 6371(width)s 6982(is)s 7200(equal)s 7782(to)s
8030(the)s 8387(sum)s 8855(of)s 0 3422(the)m 348(widths)s
1037(of)s 1308(the)s 1656(letters)s 2289(of)s 220 fnt35
2560 3419(metempsychosis)m 240 fnt82 4188 3422(.)m 480 3048(The)m 903(\207rst)s
1329(of)s 1595(the)s 1938(three)s 2466(e)s 3(xceptions)k
3532(to)s 3766(the)s 4109(`as)s 4433(wide)s 4949(as)s
5194(possible')s 6085(rule)s 6507(is)s 6712(the)s 220 fnt35
7055 3045(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt82 8314 3048(symbol,)m 0 2760(which)m
644(causes)s 1322(the)s 1672(width)s 2277(of)s 2551(its)s
2829(right)s 3343(parameter)s 4360(to)s 4601(be)s 4886(reduced)s
5703(to)s 5945(a)s 6114(reasonable)s 7194(minimum)s 8187(\(a)s
8435(formal)s 0 2472(de\207nition)m 974(will)s 1400(not)s 1766(be)s
2048(attempted\):)s 220 fnt35 480 1971(5c @Wide @HContr)m 2(act @TightBo)k 6(x metempsychosis)k
240 fnt82 0 1472(produces)m 1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 917 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
0 52(metempsychosis)m 
grestore
0 466(The)m 482(object)s
220 fnt35 1180 463(@HContr)m 2(act @TightBo)k 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt82
5334 466(is)m 5598(still)s 6064(\207v)s 3(e)k 6530(centimetres)s
7735(wide,)s 8361(b)s 4(ut)k 8778(the)s 0 178(object)m
220 fnt35 644 175(@TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt82 3475 178(has)m
3845(been)s 4354(reduced.)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 25 31
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.6.)m 454(The)s 866(style)s 1356(and)s
1782(size)s 2193(of)s 2474(objects)s 240 fnt84 8833 13840(25)m
240 fnt82 480 13205(The)m 922(second)s 1659(of)s 1945(the)s
2307(three)s 2855(e)s 3(xceptions)k 3940(is)s 4165(the)s
4527(horizontal)s 5565(concatenation)s 6965(symbol)s 220 fnt35 7739 13202(|)m
240 fnt82 7851 13205(\(and)m 8348(also)s 220 fnt35 8801 13202(&)m
240 fnt82 8943 13205(\).)m 0 12917(Consider)m 924(this)s 1320(e)s 3(xample:)k
220 fnt35 480 12416(5c @Wide @TightBo)m 6(x { A  |1c  B  |1c  C })k 240 fnt82 0 11917(As)m
317(usual,)s 929(the)s 1277(right)s 1788(parameter)s 2802(of)s
220 fnt35 3073 11914(@Wide)m 240 fnt82 3847 11917(is)m 4057(\207v)s 3(e)k
4469(centimetres)s 5620(wide,)s 6192(and)s 6596(the)s 6944(result)s
7534(looks)s 8104(lik)s 2(e)k 8516(this:)s 2835 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 11412 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
0 3(A)m
737(B)s 1447(C)s 
grestore
0 10961(Lout)m 512(has)s 882(to)s
1121(apportion)s 2095(the)s 2443(size)s 2870(minus)s 3506(inter)s 4(-column)k
4793(g)s 1(aps)k 5282(among)s 5987(the)s 6335(three)s
6868(columns.)s 480 10587(If)m 707(the)s 1052(columns)s 1911(are)s
2255(wide)s 2772(enough)s 3532(to)s 3768(require)s 4497(paragraph)s
5507(breaking,)s 6447(Lout)s 6956(will)s 7379(assign)s 8031(sizes)s
8543(to)s 8778(the)s 0 10299(columns)m 864(in)s 1110(such)s
1609(a)s 1778(w)s 2(ay)k 2232(as)s 2484(to)s
2726(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3282(narro)s 6(w)k
4010(columns)s 4875(unbrok)s 2(en)k 5837(and)s 6244(break)s
6839(wider)s 7446(columns)s 8311(to)s 8553(equal)s 0 10011(width,)m
652(occup)s 2(ying)k 1702(the)s 2051(full)s 2438(size.)s
2974(Otherwise,)s 4064(paragraph)s 5077(breaking)s 5968(is)s 6179(not)s
6546(required,)s 7450(and)s 7855(each)s 8351(column)s 0 9723(will)m
431(be)s 719(assigned)s 1607(a)s 1779(reasonable)s 2863(minimum)s
3858(size)s 4291(in)s 4540(the)s 4894(manner)s 5677(of)s
220 fnt35 5953 9720(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt82 7157 9723(,)m
7270(e)s 3(xcept)k 7957(that)s 8381(the)s 8735(last)s
0 9435(column)m 775(recei)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 1599(all)s
1892(the)s 2240(lefto)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 3036(width.)s
3745(F)s 3(or)k 4134(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35
480 8934(5c @Wide { @TightBo)m 6(x A  |1c  @TightBo)k 6(x B  |1c  @TightBo)k 6(x C })k 240 fnt82
0 8435(has)m 370(result)s 170 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 7980 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
0 3(A)m 
grestore
143 165 0 57 240 288 60 1217 7980 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
0 3(B)m 
grestore
1388 165 0 57 240 288 60 1927 7980 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
0 3(C)m

grestore
0 7529(If)m 237(it)s 436(is)s 653(desired)s 1408(that)s
1833(the)s 2188(lefto)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 2991(width)s
3600(remain)s 4327(unused,)s 5120(rather)s 5743(than)s 6219(going)s
6825(into)s 7257(the)s 7612(last)s 8010(column,)s 8843(an)s
0 7241(empty)m 654(column)s 1431(can)s 1822(be)s 2106(appended,)s
3133(or)s 3394(the)s 3744(last)s 4137(column)s 4914(can)s
5305(be)s 5589(enclosed)s 6486(in)s 220 fnt35 6731 7238(@HContr)m 2(act)k
240 fnt82 7935 7241(.)m 8101(T)s 19(w)k 2(o)k
8575(other)s 0 6953(w)m 2(ays)k 560(to)s 819(apportion)s
1813(the)s 2181(lefto)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 2997(width)s
3619(are)s 3986(pro)s 3(vided)k 4912(by)s 5226(the)s
220 fnt35 5594 6950(@HExpand)m 240 fnt82 6787 6953(and)m 220 fnt35
7211 6950(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt82 8277 6953(symbols)m 0 6665(\(Sections)m 940(3.13)s
1404(and)s 1808(3.16\).)s 480 6291(The)m 914(third)s 1430(and)s
1841(\207nal)s 2328(e)s 3(xception)k 3319(to)s 3565(the)s
3920(`as)s 4255(wide)s 4783(as)s 5040(possible')s 5943(rule)s
6377(concerns)s 7285(the)s 7640(components)s 8855(of)s 0 6003(the)m
348(root)s 793(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k
1522(Each)s 2057(is)s 2267(considered)s 3361(to)s 3600(be)s
3882(enclosed)s 4777(in)s 220 fnt35 5020 6000(@HContr)m 2(act)k
240 fnt82 6284 6003(and)m 220 fnt35 6688 6000(@VContr)m 2(act)k
240 fnt82 7940 6003(symbols.)m 480 5629(Up)m 836(to)s 1086(this)s
1493(point)s 2056(we)s 2401(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
2913(treated)s 3631(width)s 4244(as)s 4505(a)s 4681(single)s
5319(quantity)s 15(,)k 6206(b)s 4(ut)k 6579(of)s
6860(course)s 7551(it)s 7754(has)s 8135(tw)s 2(o)k
8556(parts:)s 0 5341(width)m 602(to)s 841(left)s 1218(and)s
1622(right)s 2133(of)s 2404(the)s 2752(mark.)s 3407(The)s
3835(`as)s 4164(wide)s 4685(as)s 4935(possible')s 5831(rule)s
6258(applies)s 6986(to)s 7225(both)s 7708(directions:)s 220 fnt35
480 4840(@HContr)m 2(act { @TightBo)k 6(x 953^.05 /0.5c @TightBo)k 6(x 2^.8286 })k 240 fnt82
0 4341(has)m 370(result)s 877 170 344 59 240 288 60 480 3881 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
0 5(953)m 344(.05)s 
grestore
877 167 344 57 240 288 60 480 3431 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
230 3(2)m
344(.8286)s 
grestore
0 2980(Lefto)m 3(v)k 3(er)k 868(width)s
1461(usually)s 2197(goes)s 2678(to)s 2908(the)s 3247(right,)s
3796(as)s 4037(we)s 4364(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
4856(seen,)s 5379(b)s 4(ut)k 5732(here)s 6190(some)s
6742(width)s 7335(w)s 2(as)k 7747(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
8646(only)s 0 2692(to)m 239(the)s 587(left)s 964(of)s
220 fnt35 1235 2689(2.8286)m 240 fnt82 1958 2692(o)m 6(wing)k
2604(to)s 2843(the)s 3191(column)s 3966(mark)s 4518(alignment.)s
240 fnt84 0 1899(2.7.)m 471(Galleys)s 1282(and)s 1723(tar)s 2(gets)k
240 fnt82 480 1422(The)m 909(beha)s 4(viour)k 1924(of)s
2197(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2923(and)s 3328(their)s
3827(tar)s 4(gets,)k 4568(as)s 4820(described)s 5796(in)s
6040(Section)s 6816(1.4,)s 7225(can)s 7616(be)s 7900(summarized)s
0 1134(in)m 243(three)s 776(la)s 3(ws:)k 240 fnt83
0 682(F)m 10(ir)k 2(st)k 540(Law)s 240 fnt82
949 680(:)m 1139(The)s 1592(\207rst)s 2047(tar)s 4(get)k
2671(is)s 2905(the)s 3278(closest)s 4012(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
5091(of)s 5386(the)s 5759(tar)s 4(get)k 6382(symbol,)s
7219(either)s 7846(preceding)s 8867(or)s 0 392(follo)m 6(wing)k
972(the)s 1315(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2363(point)s
2910(of)s 3175(the)s 3518(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
4146(as)s 4391(required,)s 5288(which)s 5925(has)s 6289(suf\207cient)s
7233(space)s 7814(to)s 8048(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
8778(the)s 0 104(\207rst)m 431(component;)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 26 32
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(26)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 0 13205(Second)m 773(Law)s 240 fnt82 1182 13203(:)m
1364(Each)s 1915(subsequent)s 3055(tar)s 4(get)k 3670(is)s
3896(the)s 4259(closest)s 4985(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
6055(of)s 6342(the)s 6706(tar)s 4(get)k 7321(symbol,)s
8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 0 12915(the)m 337(pre)s 6(vious)k
1195(tar)s 4(get)k 1783(and)s 2176(lying)s 2710(within)s
3367(the)s 3704(same)s 4240(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
4901(which)s 5532(has)s 5891(suf\207cient)s 6829(space)s 7405(to)s
7633(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8358(the)s 8695(\207rst)s
0 12627(remaining)m 1022(component;)s 240 fnt83 0 12124(Thir)m 8(d)k
607(Law)s 240 fnt82 1016 12122(:)m 1199(A)s 1446(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
2385(symbol)s 3162(that)s 3597(does)s 4104(not)s 4487(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5240(at)s 5489(least)s 6003(one)s 6422(component)s 7563(of)s
7851(an)s 3(y)k 8265(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
8916(is)s 0 11834(replaced)m 867(by)s 220 fnt35 1161 11831(@Null)m
240 fnt82 1746 11834(.)m 0 11331(The)m 436(terms)s 1025(`closest,)s 16(')k
1918(`preceding,)s 16(')k 3104(and)s 3516(`follo)s 6(wing')k
4639(refer)s 5156(to)s 5403(position)s 6239(in)s 6490(the)s
6846(\207nal)s 7334(printed)s 8078(document.)s 0 11043(This)m 476(section)s
1210(e)s 3(xplains)k 2055(the)s 2403(operation)s 3363(of)s
3634(these)s 4181(la)s 3(ws)k 4667(in)s 4910(Basser)s
5607(Lout.)s 480 10669(When)m 1100(a)s 1257(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
1881(cannot)s 2570(be)s 2843(\207tted)s 3382(into)s 3798(just)s
4194(one)s 4586(tar)s 4(get,)k 5223(Lout)s 5726(must)s
6241(\207nd)s 6663(points)s 7290(in)s 7523(the)s 7862(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
8486(where)s 0 10381(it)m 191(can)s 579(be)s 860(split)s
1330(in)s 1572(tw)s 2(o.)k 2091(The)s 2518(object)s
3161(lying)s 3705(between)s 4558(tw)s 2(o)k 4966(neighbouring)s
6295(potential)s 7185(split)s 7655(points)s 8290(is)s 8498(called)s
0 10093(a)m 240 fnt83 166 10095(component)m 240 fnt82 1281 10093(of)m
1552(the)s 1900(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k
2629(By)s 2963(de\207nition,)s 3987(a)s 4153(component)s 5277(cannot)s
5975(be)s 6257(split.)s 480 9719(T)m 19(o)k 813(determine)s
1857(the)s 2239(components)s 3480(of)s 3785(a)s 3984(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
4690(e)s 3(xpand)k 5470(all)s 5797(symbols)s 6679(other)s
7264(than)s 7766(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8722(and)s
0 9431(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 909(ones,)s 1442(discard)s
2177(all)s 220 fnt35 2457 9428(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt82
3109 9431(,)m 220 fnt35 3203 9428(@Break)m 240 fnt82 3999 9431(,)m
220 fnt35 4093 9428(@Space)m 240 fnt82 4930 9431(,)m 220 fnt35
5024 9428(@SetColor)m 240 fnt82 6099 9431(,)m 220 fnt35 6193 9428(@SetColour)m
240 fnt82 7390 9431(,)m 7484(and)s 220 fnt35 7875 9428(@Language)m
240 fnt82 0 9143(symbols,)m 908(perform)s 1740(paragraph)s 2756(breaking)s
3649(as)s 3902(required,)s 4809(and)s 5216(discard)s 5967(all)s
6263(redundant)s 7283(braces.)s 8060(Then)s 8613(vie)s 6(w)k
0 8855(the)m 367(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1020(as)s
1290(a)s 1475(sequence)s 2428(of)s 2718(one)s 3140(or)s
3418(more)s 3984(objects)s 4732(separated)s 5711(by)s 6025(v)s 3(ertical)k
6811(concatenation)s 8216(symbols;)s 0 8567(these)m 567(are)s 935(the)s
1304(components)s 2533(and)s 2958(split)s 3450(points,)s 4163(e)s 3(xcept)k
4865(that)s 5304(concatenation)s 6710(symbols)s 7580(whose)s 8269(g)s 1(aps)k
8779(are)s 0 8279(unbreakable)m 1225(\(Section)s 2078(3.2\))s 2506(are)s
2853(not)s 3219(eligible)s 3991(to)s 4230(be)s 4512(split)s
4983(points.)s 5732(F)s 3(or)k 6121(e)s 3(xample,)k
7035(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7615(the)s 7963(de\207nition)s
220 fnt35 480 7778(def @Section into { @SectionPlace&&preceding })m 480 7490(    named @Title {})m 480 7202(    r)m -3(ight @Body)k
480 6914({)m 480 6626(    15p @F)m 6(ont { @Title //0.7f })k 480 6338(    //)m 480 6050(    @Body)m
480 5762(})m 240 fnt82 0 5268(the)m 348(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
220 fnt35 480 4767(@Section)m 480 4479(    @Title { Introduction })m 480 4191({ )m 11(This is a subject that really)k
480 3903(needs no introduction.)m 13( })k 240 fnt82 0 3409(becomes)m 220 fnt35
480 2962(Introduction)m 480 2674(//0.7f)m 480 2386({})m 480 2098(//)m 480 1810(This is a subject that really needs)m
480 1522(//1vx)m 480 1234(no introduction.)m 240 fnt82 0 780(with)m 482(four)s
939(components.)s 2260(If)s 220 fnt35 2489 777(@Body)m 240 fnt82
3269 780(had)m 3673(been)s 4181(preceded)s 5102(by)s 220 fnt35
5395 777(|1.0c)m 240 fnt82 5921 780(in)m 6164(the)s 6511(de\207nition,)s
7535(the)s 7882(result)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 492(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k
501(been)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 27 33
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.7.)m 454(Galle)s 7(ys)k 1232(and)s
1658(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k 240 fnt84 8831 13840(27)m
220 fnt35 480 13211(Introduction)m 480 12923(//0.7f)m 480 12635({})m 480 12347(//)m
480 12059(|1.0c { )m 11(This is a subject that really needs //1vx no introduction.)k 13( })k 240 fnt82 0 11561(with)m
220 fnt35 524 11558(//1vx)m 240 fnt82 1089 11561(b)m 4(uried)k
1796(within)s 2507(one)s 2951(component)s 4118(and)s 4564(hence)s
5221(not)s 5629(a)s 5838(potential)s 6771(split)s 7285(point.)s
7983(If)s 220 fnt35 8256 11558(0.7f)m 240 fnt82 8722 11561(had)m
0 11273(been)m 220 fnt35 525 11270(0.7fu)m 240 fnt82 999 11273(,)m
1123(the)s 1488(g)s 1(ap)k 1903(w)s 2(ould)k
2575(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3092(been)s 3618(unbreakable)s
4860(and)s 220 fnt35 5281 11270(//0.7fu)m 240 fnt82 5954 11273(w)m 2(ould)k
6625(not)s 7008(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7526(been)s
8052(a)s 8235(potential)s 0 10985(split)m 471(point.)s 480 10611(V)m 26(ersion)k
1310(3.03)s 1816(has)s 2228(liberalized)s 3335(this)s 3773(some)s 6(what)k
4840(in)s 5125(the)s 5515(follo)s 6(wing)k 6534(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k
7122(When)s 7793(a)s 8002(component)s 0 10323(consists)m 808(of)s
1080(a)s 1247(horizontal)s 2271(sequence)s 3205(of)s 3477(tw)s 2(o)k
3887(or)s 4147(more)s 4695(objects)s 240 fnt83 5423 10325(A)m
168 fnt78 5558 10232(1)m 240 fnt78 5637 10317(,)m 5746(\274)s
6046(,)s 240 fnt83 6155 10325(A)m 168 fnt83 6290 10238(n)m
240 fnt82 6431 10323(separated)m 7391(by)s 220 fnt35 7686 10320(|)m
240 fnt82 7784 10323(\(not)m 220 fnt35 8229 10320(||)m 240 fnt82
8323 10323(,)m 8431(not)s 220 fnt35 8798 10320(&)m 240 fnt82
8940 10323(\),)m 0 10035(Lout)m 506(will)s 926(in)s 9(v)k 3(estig)k 1(ate)k
1998(the)s 2339(component)s 3457(to)s 3690(see)s 4044(whether)s
4868(it)s 5054(can)s 5436(be)s 5712(brok)s 2(en)k
6426(up.)s 6823(It)s 7022(looks)s 7586(at)s 7811(each)s
240 fnt83 8300 10037(A)m 168 fnt83 8435 9950(i)m 240 fnt82
8533 10035(to)m 8765(see)s 0 9747(whether)m 830(it)s 1023(is)s
1234(a)s 1401(v)s 3(ertical)k 2169(concatenation)s 3555(of)s
3827(objects)s 240 fnt83 4556 9749(A)m 168 fnt83 4691 9662(i)m
168 fnt78 4743 9656(1)m 240 fnt78 4822 9741(,)m 4932(\274)s
5232(,)s 240 fnt83 5342 9749(A)m 168 fnt83 5477 9662(im)m
240 fnt82 5641 9747(;)m 5754(if)s 5972(tw)s 2(o)k
6383(or)s 6643(more)s 7191(of)s 7463(the)s 240 fnt83
7812 9749(A)m 168 fnt83 7947 9662(i)m 240 fnt82 8052 9747(satisfy)m
8730(this)s 0 9459(condition,)m 1009(the)s 1354(component)s 2475(will)s
2898(not)s 3262(be)s 3541(brok)s 2(en)k 4258(up.)s
4659(So)s 4962(no)s 6(w)k 5421(suppose)s 6246(we)s
6578(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7076(just)s 7479(one)s
240 fnt83 7878 9461(A)m 168 fnt83 8013 9374(i)m 240 fnt82
8114 9459(which)m 8753(is)s 8960(a)s 0 9171(v)m 3(ertical)k
757(concatenation.)s 2239(Lout)s 2741(will)s 3156(break)s 3738(the)s
4076(component)s 5189(into)s 5604(one)s 5996(component)s 7109(for)s
7437(each)s 7922(of)s 8182(the)s 240 fnt83 8520 9173(A)m
168 fnt83 8655 9086(i)m 168 fnt78 8707 9080(1)m 240 fnt78
8775 9165(,)m 8851(\274)s 3 8877(,)m 240 fnt83 80 8885(A)m
168 fnt83 215 8798(im)m 240 fnt82 379 8883(,)m 476(pro)s 3(vided)k
1373(that)s 1781(the)s 3(y)k 2234(are)s 2571(separated)s
3521(by)s 220 fnt35 3806 8880(//)m 240 fnt82 3981 8883(symbols)m
4820(\(not)s 220 fnt35 5255 8880(/)m 240 fnt82 5319 8883(\),)m
5495(and)s 5890(pro)s 3(vided)k 6786(this)s 7172(can)s
7551(be)s 7823(done)s 8335(without)s 0 8595(introducing)m 1155(an)s 3(y)k
1550(apparent)s 2431(change)s 3164(into)s 3587(the)s 3933(appearance)s
5062(of)s 5332(the)s 5678(component)s 6800(\(this)s 7274(second)s
7995(rule)s 8420(will)s 8844(be)s 0 8307(satis\207ed)m 847(if)s
1071(the)s 1426(other)s 240 fnt83 1984 8309(A)m 168 fnt83
2119 8222(j)m 240 fnt82 2232 8307(are)m 2586(not)s 2959(v)s 3(ery)k
3442(lar)s 4(ge\).)k 4165(The)s 4600(e)s 3(xample)k
5470(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 6099(satis\207es)s 6913(all)s
7213(these)s 7767(rules)s 8289(and)s 8700(will)s 0 7996(be)m
282(brok)s 2(en)k 1002(up)s 1295(into)s 1720(tw)s 2(o)k
2130(components,)s 3394(so)s 3660(the)s 220 fnt35 4008 7993(//1vx)m
240 fnt82 4530 7996(becomes)m 5418(a)s 5584(potential)s 6475(split)s
6946(point)s 7498(after)s 7994(all.)s 480 7622(The)m 913(lines)s
1421(of)s 1697(a)s 1869(paragraph)s 2887(become)s 3693(separate)s
4536(components)s 5750(if)s 5972(the)s 6326(paragraph)s 7344(occupies)s
8238(an)s 8527(entire)s 0 7334(component)m 1151(before)s 1844(breaking;)s
2820(otherwise)s 3833(the)s 3(y)k 4323(are)s 4697(enclosed)s
5619(in)s 5890(a)s 220 fnt35 6083 7331(@OneRo)m 3(w)k
240 fnt82 7241 7334(symbol)m 8028(within)s 8724(one)s 0 7046(component.)m
1237(The)s 1675(same)s 2232(is)s 2452(true)s 2888(of)s
3169(incoming)s 4136(components)s 5354(of)s 5635(other)s 6195(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k
7042(If)s 7282(a)s 220 fnt35 7458 7043(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 8366 7046(symbol)m 0 6758(occupies)m 892(an)s 1180(entire)s
1783(component)s 2912(by)s 3211(the)s 3563(rules)s 4083(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k
4761(then)s 5234(the)s 5587(incoming)s 6549(components)s 7761(that)s
8184(replace)s 8934(it)s 0 6470(become)m 800(components)s 2008(of)s
2279(their)s 2776(ne)s 6(w)k 3223(home:)s 220 fnt35
480 5916(An e)m 6(xample)k 480 5628(//0.5c)m 480 5340(@Galle)m 4(y)k
480 5052(//0.5c)m 480 4764(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt78 2500 5625(\336)m 220 fnt35
3141 5916(An e)m 6(xample)k 3141 5628(//0.5c)m 3141 5340(Incoming components)m 3141 5052(//0.2c)m
3141 4764(from some other galle)m 4(y)k 3141 4476(//0.5c)m 3141 4188(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt82
0 3632(Otherwise)m 1062(the)s 1435(incoming)s 2416(components)s 3649(are)s
4020(grouped)s 4888(within)s 5580(a)s 220 fnt35 5771 3629(@OneRo)m 3(w)k
240 fnt82 6926 3632(symbol)m 7711(and)s 8139(lie)s 8458(within)s
0 3344(one)m 402(component.)s 480 2970(This)m 985(distinction)s 2080(has)s
2480(a)s 2675(mark)s 2(ed)k 3477(ef)s 6(fect)k
4103(on)s 4429(the)s 4806(v)s 3(ertical)k 5603(concatenation)s
7017(symbol)s 220 fnt35 7806 2967(//1.1b)m 240 fnt82 8347 2970(,)m
8484(which)s 0 2682(calls)m 509(for)s 868(more)s 1436(space)s
2045(than)s 2535(is)s 2766(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
3695(\(Section)s 4570(3.2\).)s 5134(There)s 5768(is)s 5999(no)s
6314(room)s 6900(for)s 7259(this)s 7676(symbol)s 8458(within)s
0 2394(an)m 3(y)k 402(component,)s 1579(so)s 1851(it)s
2049(will)s 2481(force)s 3033(a)s 3205(split)s 3682(and)s
4092(be)s 4379(discarded)s 5359(in)s 5608(that)s 6032(case.)s
6613(But)s 7025(it)s 7223(can)s 7618(be)s 7906(promoted)s
8887(to)s 0 2106(between)m 854(tw)s 2(o)k 1264(components.)s
480 1732(Components)m 1749(may)s 2223(be)s 2513(separated)s 3481(by)s
220 fnt35 3783 1729(/)m 240 fnt82 3914 1732(as)m 4172(well)s
4646(as)s 4904(by)s 220 fnt35 5206 1729(//)m 240 fnt82
5331 1732(,)m 5445(gi)s 6(ving)k 6112(rise)s 6520(to)s
6767(column)s 7550(mark)s 8110(alignment)s 0 1444(between)m 854(adjacent)s
1710(components:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 28 34
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(28)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s gsave
480 12008 translate
240 fnt82 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
1134 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 1020 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill
grestore

grestore
1134 340 0 340 240 288 60 567 510 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill
grestore

grestore
736 340 283 340 240 288 60 284 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill
grestore

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
240 fnt82 0 11557(When)m 688(aligned)s 1509(components)s
2777(are)s 3183(promoted)s 4218(into)s 4702(dif)s 6(ferent)k
5637(tar)s 4(gets,)k 6435(the)s 6843(meaning)s 7779(of)s
8110(alignment)s 0 11269(becomes)m 882(v)s 3(ery)k 1351(doubtful.)s
2319(F)s 3(or)k 2702(e)s 3(xample,)k 3609(what)s
4127(if)s 4338(the)s 4679(tar)s 4(gets)k 5355(are)s
5696(in)s 5932(dif)s 6(ferent)k 6800(columns)s 7656(of)s
7920(one)s 8315(page,)s 8867(or)s 0 10981(what)m 525(if)s
742(one)s 1144(lies)s 1526(within)s 220 fnt35 2194 10978(90d @Rotate)m
240 fnt82 3482 10981(?)m 480 10607(The)m 908(truth)s 1416(is)s
1626(that)s 220 fnt35 2044 10604(/)m 240 fnt82 2168 10607(causes)m
2843(all)s 3136(the)s 3484(objects)s 4212(that)s 4630(share)s
5190(a)s 5356(mark)s 5908(to)s 6147(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
6648(equal)s 7221(width:)s 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 480 8907 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
1701 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 1020 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
1134 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill
grestore

grestore

grestore
1701 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 510 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
1134 340 0 340 240 288 60 567 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill
grestore

grestore

grestore
1701 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke
grestore
736 340 283 340 240 288 60 284 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 8455(This)m 495(is)s 724(a)s
909(consequence)s 2207(of)s 2497(the)s 2864(`as)s 3212(wide)s
3753(as)s 4022(possible')s 4937(rule)s 5383(\(Section)s 6255(2.6\).)s
6817(Mark)s 7415(alignment)s 8451(occurs)s 240 fnt83 0 8169(incidentally)m
240 fnt82 1124 8167(,)m 1231(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
2212(the)s 2560(fragments)s 3566(are)s 3913(placed)s 4595(into)s
5020(similar)s 5742(conte)s 3(xts.)k 480 7793(In)m 723(this)s
1106(connection)s 2200(we)s 2521(must)s 3033(also)s 3458(consider)s
4315(the)s 4649(special)s 5354(case)s 5808(of)s 6066(a)s
220 fnt35 6218 7790(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt82 7103 7793(symbol)m
7850(which)s 8478(shares)s 0 7505(its)m 276(column)s 1051(mark)s
1603(with)s 2085(some)s 2646(other)s 3197(object:)s 220 fnt35
480 7004(@Galle)m 4(y)k 480 6716(/0.2c)m 480 6428(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt82
0 5929(\(The)m 220 fnt35 501 5926(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt82
1392 5929(may)m 1851(or)s 2104(may)s 2563(not)s 2922(occup)s 2(y)k
3660(an)s 3936(entire)s 4528(component;)s 5698(that)s 6109(doesn')s 4(t)k
6862(matter)s 7525(here.\))s 8177(If)s 8400(incom)s 8998(-)s
0 5641(ing)m 355(components)s 1559(are)s 1901(separated)s 2857(by)s
220 fnt35 3147 5638(//)m 240 fnt82 3327 5641(rather)m 3939(than)s
4404(by)s 220 fnt35 4693 5638(/)m 240 fnt82 4757 5641(,)m
4860(the)s 5204(meaning)s 6076(is)s 6282(so)s 6544(doubtful)s
7405(that)s 7819(this)s 8211(is)s 8416(forbid)s 8998(-)s
0 5353(den.)m 496(In)s 738(f)s 2(act,)k 1186(a)s
1337(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1957(whose)s 2611(components)s
3804(replace)s 4535(such)s 5017(a)s 220 fnt35 5168 5350(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 6052 5353(must)m 6563(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
7049(a)s 7201(single)s 7814(column)s 8574(mark)s 0 5065(running)m
783(its)s 1043(full)s 1413(length;)s 2108(that)s 2510(is,)s
2760(its)s 3021(components)s 4213(must)s 4722(all)s 4999(share)s
5544(a)s 5694(single)s 6305(column)s 7065(mark.)s 7704(This)s
8164(mark)s 8700(will)s 0 4777(be)m 281(mer)s 4(ged)k
1050(with)s 1530(the)s 1876(column)s 2649(mark)s 3199(passing)s
3969(through)s 4769(each)s 220 fnt35 5262 4774(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 6158 4777(that)m 6574(these)s 7119(components)s 8325(replace;)s
0 4489(all)m 293(the)s 641(objects)s 1369(on)s 1666(the)s
2014(resulting)s 2903(mer)s 4(ged)k 3674(mark)s 4226(will)s
4652(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5153(equal)s 5726(width.)s
480 4115(The)m 906(root)s 1348(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
2018(where)s 2655(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 3720(collects)s
4497(immediately)s 5742(prior)s 6264(to)s 6500(output,)s 7217(is)s
7424(created)s 8168(automati)s 8998(-)s 0 3827(cally)m 15(,)k
556(not)s 921(by)s 1214(a)s 1379(de\207nition.)s 2459(Its)s
2747(tar)s 4(get)k 3346(is)s 3555(the)s 3902(output)s
4573(\207le,)s 4984(and)s 5387(its)s 5663(object)s 6306(is)s
6515(the)s 6862(entire)s 7460(input,)s 8058(which)s 8699(typ)s
8998(-)s 0 3539(ically)m 584(looks)s 1154(lik)s 2(e)k
1566(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 3038(@P)m 8(ageList)k 480 2750(//)m
480 2462(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xt {)k 480 2174(  Body te)m 6(xt of the document ...)k
480 1886(})m 240 fnt82 0 1392(where)m 220 fnt35 639 1389(@P)m 8(ageList)k
240 fnt82 1761 1392(e)m 3(xpands)k 2592(to)s 2830(a)s
2994(sequence)s 3925(of)s 4195(pages)s 4789(containing)s 220 fnt35
5850 1389(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt82 7067 1392(symbols)m
7914(\(see)s 8352(Section)s 0 1104(1.2\),)m 486(and)s 220 fnt35
890 1101(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k 240 fnt82 1564 1104(is)m
1774(a)s 1940(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y:)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 29 35
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.7.)m 454(Galle)s 7(ys)k 1232(and)s
1658(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k 240 fnt84 8832 13840(29)m
220 fnt35 480 13207(def @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace { @Galle)k 4(y })k
480 12631(def @T)m 26(e)k 6(xt into { @T)k 26(e)k 6(xtPlace&&preceding })k
480 12343(    r)m -3(ight x)k 480 12055({)m 480 11767(    x)m 480 11479(})m
240 fnt82 0 10985(The)m 428(spot)s 886(v)s 6(acated)k
1668(by)s 1961(a)s 2127(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
2760(\211)s 2940(its)s 3215(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
4268(point)s 4820(\211)s 4999(becomes)s 5887(a)s 220 fnt35
6052 10982(@Null)m 240 fnt82 6697 10985(object,)m 7387(so)s 7653(this)s
8048(root)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 10697(is)m
210(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 220 fnt35
1269 10694(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82 2393 10697(alone,)m 3018(as)s
3269(required.)s 4229(The)s 220 fnt35 4657 10694(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k
240 fnt82 5331 10697(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5965(will)s
6392(\207nd)s 6823(its)s 7099(\207rst)s 7530(tar)s 4(get)k
8130(preceding)s 0 10409(its)m 276(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
1330(point,)s 1929(within)s 220 fnt35 2597 10406(@P)m 8(ageList)k
240 fnt82 3661 10409(.)m 480 10035(Printing)m 1308(the)s 1661(root)s
2112(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2751(on)s 3054(the)s
3407(output)s 4085(\207le)s 4451(is)s 4666(some)s 6(what)k
5696(problematical,)s 7121(because)s 7940(Lout)s 8457(has)s 8833(no)s
0 9747(w)m 2(ay)k 461(of)s 742(kno)s 6(wing)k
1638(ho)s 6(w)k 2109(lar)s 4(ge)k 2648(the)s
3006(paper)s 3607(is.)s 3941(Basser)s 4648(Lout)s 5170(simply)s
5885(prints)s 6490(one)s 6902(root)s 7357(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
8002(component)s 0 9459(per)m 355(page)s 852(\(e)s 3(xcept)k
1601(it)s 1782(skips)s 2314(components)s 3511(of)s 3771(height)s
4418(zero\),)s 5005(and)s 5398(the)s 5735(user)s 6182(is)s
6381(responsible)s 7515(for)s 7842(ensuring)s 8708(that)s 0 9171(each)m
504(component)s 1637(is)s 1856(page-sized.)s 3051(Gaps)s 3603(between)s
4466(root)s 4920(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5563(components,)s
6836(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7345(unbreakable)s 8580(ones,)s
0 8883(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k 501(no)s 794(ef)s 6(fect)k
1390(on)s 1687(the)s 2035(result.)s 480 8509(Basser)m 1204(Lout)s
1744(will)s 2198(promote)s 3079(a)s 3273(component)s 4425(only)s
4933(after)s 5457(an)s 3(y)k 5882(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
6832(symbols)s 7709(within)s 8405(it)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
0 8221(been)m 509(replaced,)s 1426(either)s 2029(by)s 2324(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
3048(or)s 3308(by)s 220 fnt35 3602 8218(@Null)m 240 fnt82
4187 8221(,)m 4295(since)s 4842(until)s 5336(then)s 5805(the)s
6154(component)s 7278(is)s 7489(not)s 7855(complete.)s 8896(A)s
0 7933(component)m 1109(which)s 1736(shares)s 2369(a)s 2520(mark)s
3057(with)s 3524(follo)s 6(wing)k 4486(components)s 5679(is)s
5874(held)s 6329(up)s 6607(until)s 7085(the)s 3(y)k
7533(are)s 7865(all)s 8143(complete,)s 0 7645(since)m 547(until)s
1040(then)s 1509(their)s 2006(width)s 2608(is)s 2818(uncertain.)s
480 7271(Consider)m 1409(a)s 1581(page)s 2095(with)s 220 fnt35
2583 7268(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt82 3806 7271(and)m
220 fnt35 4216 7268(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt82 5373 7271(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k
6301(symbols.)s 7268(The)s 7702(rule)s 8135(just)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
0 6983(will)m 418(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 1177(the)s
1517(page)s 2016(from)s 2531(being)s 3108(printed)s 3834(until)s
220 fnt35 4319 6980(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt82
5528 6983(is)m 5729(replaced)s 6588(by)s 6873(body)s 7399(te)s 3(xt,)k
7852(quite)s 8377(rightly;)s 0 6695(b)m 4(ut)k 220 fnt35
362 6692(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt82 1513 6695(will)m 1939(also)s
2377(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 3145(its)s 3421(printing,)s
4285(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4785(when)s 5361(there)s
5894(are)s 6241(no)s 6534(footnotes.)s 480 6321(Basser)m 1187(Lout)s
1709(is)s 1930(k)s 2(een)k 2447(to)s 2696(write)s
3253(out)s 3629(pages)s 4235(as)s 4496(soon)s 5016(as)s
5276(possible,)s 6178(to)s 6427(sa)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
6911(memory)s 15(,)k 7811(and)s 8225(it)s 8428(cannot)s
0 6033(af)m 6(ford)k 624(to)s 852(w)s 2(ait)k
1309(fore)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2038(for)s 2365(non-e)s 3(xistent)k
3592(footnotes.)s 4635(A)s 4854(v)s 6(ariant)k 5559(of)s
5819(the)s 6156(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6778(concept,)s
7618(called)s 8235(a)s 240 fnt83 8389 6035(for)m 8(cing)k
0 5747(galle)m 7(y)k 240 fnt82 573 5745(,)m 680(is)s
890(introduced)s 1971(to)s 2210(solv)s 3(e)k 2768(this)s
3164(problem.)s 4125(A)s 4355(forcing)s 5098(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
5732(is)s 5942(de\207ned)s 6705(lik)s 2(e)k 7117(this:)s
220 fnt35 480 5244(def @T)m 26(e)k 6(xt f)k 6(orce into { @T)k 26(e)k 6(xtPlace&&preceding })k
480 4956(   ...)m 240 fnt82 0 4505(and)m 392(so)s 646(on.)s
1037(When)s 1654(such)s 2138(a)s 2291(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
2913(replaces)s 3734(a)s 220 fnt35 3887 4502(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 4773 4505(symbol,)m 5573(Lout)s 6072(replaces)s 6893(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k
7457(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8366(symbol)s 0 4217(preceding)m
1004(the)s 220 fnt35 1360 4214(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt82
2266 4217(by)m 220 fnt35 2568 4214(@Null)m 240 fnt82 3153 4217(,)m
3268(thus)s 3726(ensuring)s 4611(that)s 5038(as)s 5296(soon)s
5814(as)s 6072(te)s 3(xt)k 6495(enters)s 7124(a)s
7298(page,)s 7865(for)s 8212(e)s 3(xample,)k 0 3929(e)m 6(v)k 3(erything)k
1064(up)s 1354(to)s 1590(and)s 1991(including)s 2945(the)s
3289(preceding)s 4282(page)s 4787(can)s 5173(be)s 5452(printed.)s
6290(This)s 6762(does)s 7249(not)s 7612(tak)s 2(e)k
8061(care)s 8511(of)s 8778(the)s 0 3641(v)m 3(ery)k
479(last)s 873(page,)s 1435(b)s 4(ut)k 1801(Basser)s
2501(Lout)s 3016(replaces)s 3852(all)s 4149(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5074(symbols)s 5926(by)s 220 fnt35 6223 3638(@Null)m 240 fnt82
6872 3641(when)m 7451(it)s 7646(realizes)s 8428(that)s 8850(its)s
0 3353(input)m 552(has)s 922(all)s 1215(been)s 1724(read,)s
2242(thus)s 2692(allo)s 6(wing)k 3576(the)s 3924(last)s
4315(page)s 4823(to)s 5062(print.)s 480 2979(A)m 714(forcing)s
1461(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2099(causes)s 2779(the)s
3131(Third)s 3724(La)s 3(w)k 4204(to)s 4448(be)s
4734(applied)s 5500(earlier)s 6172(than)s 6646(e)s 3(xpected,)k
7604(and)s 8012(this)s 8413(creates)s 0 2691(tw)m 2(o)k
425(problems.)s 1495(First,)s 2055(the)s 2419(replacement)s 3662(by)s
220 fnt35 3972 2688(@Null)m 240 fnt82 4633 2691(may)m 5114(be)s
5412(premature:)s 6562(a)s 6744(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
7394(may)s 7876(turn)s 8334(up)s 8643(later)s 0 2403(w)m 2(anting)k
869(one)s 1318(of)s 1636(the)s 2032(defunct)s 2856(tar)s 4(gets.)k
3699(Such)s 4283(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5054(\(entries)s
5867(in)s 6157(tables)s 6813(of)s 7131(contents)s 8026(are)s
8421(typical)s 0 2115(e)m 3(xamples\))k 1020(are)s 1358(copied)s
2045(into)s 2461(the)s 2801(cross)s 3334(reference)s 4268(database)s
5138(and)s 5534(read)s 5994(in)s 6228(during)s 6897(the)s
7237(ne)s 3(xt)k 7697(run)s 8064(just)s 8460(before)s
0 1827(their)m 488(tar)s 4(gets)k 1161(are)s 1498(closed,)s
2206(and)s 2600(so)s 2856(the)s 3(y)k 3309(\207nd)s
3730(their)s 4217(tar)s 4(gets)k 4891(in)s 5124(the)s
5462(end.)s 5962(Care)s 6459(must)s 6974(be)s 7246(tak)s 2(en)k
7809(to)s 8038(ensure)s 8708(that)s 0 1539(lar)m 4(ge)k
526(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1247(such)s 1739(as)s
1986(chapters)s 2829(and)s 3230(sections)s 4047(do)s 4337(not)s
4700(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5197(defunct)s 5971(tar)s 4(gets,)k
6706(since)s 7250(the)s 7594(cost)s 8036(of)s 8303(cop)s 2(ying)k
0 1251(them)m 538(to)s 777(and)s 1181(from)s 1705(the)s
2053(database)s 2932(is)s 3142(unacceptably)s 4458(high.)s 480 877(It)m
694(is)s 914(actually)s 1734(an)s 2027(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 4(-simpli\207cation)k
3901(to)s 4150(say)s 4533(that)s 4961(these)s 5517(replacements)s
6838(occur)s 7439(when)s 8025(the)s 8383(forcing)s 0 589(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k
633(replaces)s 1464(its)s 220 fnt35 1738 586(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 2576 589(.)m 2738(What)s 3315(really)s 3910(happens)s
4744(is)s 4952(that)s 5368(from)s 5891(this)s 6285(moment)s
7127(on)s 7422(Lout)s 7932(understands)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 30 36
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(30)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(that)m 414(it)s 602(has)s
968(the)s 1311(right)s 1818(to)s 2053(mak)s 2(e)k
2621(these)s 3163(replacements,)s 4526(and)s 4926(it)s 5114(will)s
5535(do)s 5824(each)s 6315(one)s 6713(at)s 6940(the)s
7284(\207rst)s 7711(moment)s 8550(when)s 0 12917(not)m 369(doing)s
972(it)s 1168(w)s 2(ould)k 1827(hold)s 2315(things)s
2955(up.)s 3363(So)s 3673(there)s 4210(is)s 4423(a)s
4593(short)s 5135(period)s 5808(of)s 6083(grace)s 6660(when)s
7240(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 8024(such)s 8524(as)s
8778(the)s 0 12629(entries)m 687(in)s 930(tables)s 1538(of)s
1809(contents)s 2657(just)s 3062(alluded)s 3824(to,)s 4117(can)s
4506(sneak)s 5112(into)s 5537(these)s 6084(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
7006(symbols.)s 480 12255(The)m 220 fnt35 902 12252(into)m 240 fnt82
1302 12255(and)m 220 fnt35 1699 12252(f)m 6(orce into)k 240 fnt82
2642 12255(forms)m 3243(are)s 3584(actually)s 4387(just)s 4786(abbre)s 6(viations)k
6112(for)s 6444(the)s 6785(true)s 7206(w)s 2(ay)k
7650(that)s 8062(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 8779(are)s
0 11967(de\207ned,)m 806(which)s 1442(is)s 1646(by)s 1934(gi)s 6(ving)k
2586(the)s 2928(symbol)s 3682(that)s 4094(is)s 4297(to)s
4530(be)s 4806(a)s 4966(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
5594(a)s 5753(parameter)s 6761(or)s 7014(nested)s 7677(de\207nition)s
8644(with)s 0 11679(the)m 348(special)s 1066(name)s 220 fnt35
1640 11676(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt82 2467 11679(:)m 220 fnt35
480 11178(def @T)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k 480 10890(    r)m -3(ight x)k
480 10602({)m 480 10314(    def @T)m 26(arget { @T)k 26(e)k 6(xtPlace&&preceding })k
480 9738(    x)m 480 9450(})m 240 fnt82 0 8956(A)m 237(forcing)s
988(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1630(is)s 1848(obtained)s
2738(by)s 3039(using)s 220 fnt35 3619 8953(&&&)m 240 fnt82
4121 8956(instead)m 4864(of)s 220 fnt35 5143 8953(&&)m 240 fnt82
5431 8956(.)m 220 fnt35 5602 8953(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt82
6497 8956(may)m 6971(be)s 7261(an)s 7552(arbitrary)s 8435(object,)s
0 8668(pro)m 3(vided)k 908(that)s 1329(it)s 1524(yields)s
2149(such)s 2648(a)s 2817(cross)s 3362(reference)s 4307(when)s
4886(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated.)k 5957(In)s 6216(this)s
6615(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 7107(dif)s 6(ferent)k
7985(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 0 8380(may)m 466(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
967(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1842(tar)s 4(gets.)k 480 8006(The)m
904(forcing)s 1643(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2273(ef)s 6(fect)k
2865(can)s 3249(be)s 3527(obtained)s 4405(in)s 4644(another)s
5417(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 5901(by)s 6191(replacing)s
7129(the)s 220 fnt35 7473 8003(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt82
8366 8006(symbol)m 0 7718(to)m 245(which)s 893(the)s 1247(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
1887(is)s 2103(attached)s 2964(by)s 220 fnt35 3264 7715(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k
240 fnt82 4657 7718(.)m 4827(The)s 5261(adv)s 6(antage)k
6287(of)s 6565(this)s 6967(form)s 7497(is)s 7713(that)s
8137(the)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 7430(can)m
389(then)s 858(be)s 1140(forcing)s 1883(at)s 2115(some)s
2676(places)s 3324(and)s 3728(not)s 4094(at)s 4326(others,)s
5017(using)s 5589(the)s 5937(formula)s 220 fnt35 480 6929(def @SomePlace r)m -3(ight x)k
480 6641({)m 480 6353(    x @Case {)m 480 6065(        nof)m 6(orce  @Y)k 4(ield @Galle)k 4(y)k
480 5777(        f)m 6(orce    @Y)k 4(ield @F)k 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k
480 5489(    })m 480 5201(})m 240 fnt82 0 4707(No)m 6(w)k
514(a)s 680(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1314(may)s
1780(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt35 2281 4704(@SomePlace)m
240 fnt82 3677 4707(for)m 4015(its)s 4291(tar)s 4(get,)k
4937(and)s 5341(if)s 5558(it)s 5750(happens)s 6586(to)s
6825(attach)s 7452(to)s 220 fnt35 480 4206(@SomePlace f)m 6(orce)k
240 fnt82 0 3751(it)m 192(will)s 618(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
1119(the)s 1467(ef)s 6(fect)k 2063(of)s 2334(a)s
2500(forcing)s 3243(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
3915(while)s 4502(if)s 4719(it)s 4911(happens)s 5747(to)s
5986(attach)s 6613(to)s 220 fnt35 480 3250(@SomePlace nof)m 6(orce)k
240 fnt82 0 2795(it)m 192(will)s 618(not.)s 480 2421(Although)m
1436(it)s 1621(doesn')s 4(t)k 2374(matter)s 3036(whether)s
3859(a)s 4018(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4645(is)s
4848(declared)s 5708(as)s 5951(a)s 6110(forcing)s 6846(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
7473(or)s 7725(merely)s 8435(arri)s 6(v)k 3(es)k
0 2133(at)m 244(a)s 220 fnt35 422 2130(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k
240 fnt82 1887 2133(symbol)m 2659(from)s 3195(the)s 3555(point)s
4119(of)s 4402(vie)s 6(w)k 4928(of)s 5211(the)s
5571(ef)s 6(fect)k 6179(on)s 6488(nearby)s 7205(tar)s 4(gets,)k
7956(there)s 8501(is)s 8724(one)s 0 1845(w)m 2(ay)k
446(in)s 683(which)s 1319(Lout)s 1825(treats)s 2387(the)s
2729(tw)s 2(o)k 3133(cases)s 3682(dif)s 6(ferently)k 15(.)k
4827(If)s 5051(a)s 5211(forcing)s 5948(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k
6733(\207rst)s 7158(component)s 8276(does)s 8760(not)s 0 1557(\207t)m
264(into)s 695(the)s 1048(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
1962(space,)s 2606(that)s 3029(component)s 4159(will)s 4590(be)s
4878(scaled)s 5539(v)s 3(ertically)k 6496(until)s 6995(it)s
7192(does.)s 7801(The)s 8235(rationale)s 0 1269(for)m 343(this)s
744(is)s 959(that)s 1382(forcing)s 2130(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
2860(are)s 3212(meant)s 3861(to)s 4105(carry)s 4654(the)s
5007(b)s 4(ulk)k 5496(of)s 5772(the)s 6125(document)s
7134(and)s 7543(cannot)s 8246(af)s 6(ford)k 8887(to)s
0 981(be)m 295(held)s 779(up)s 1086(because)s 1913(the)s
2275(user)s 2747(has)s 3131(inadv)s 3(ertently)k 4456(included)s
5352(an)s 5649(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 4(-high)k
6640(component,)s 7825(which)s 8481(for)s 8833(all)s 0 693(Lout)m
514(kno)s 6(ws)k 1188(to)s 1430(the)s 1781(contrary)s
2634(may)s 3103(not)s 3472(\207t)s 3734(on)s 4034(an)s 3(y)k
4433(page.)s 5052(If)s 5285(this)s 5684(scaling)s 6417(is)s
6630(not)s 6999(w)s 2(anted)k 7749(b)s 4(ut)k
8114(forcing)s 8860(is,)s 0 405(the)m 348(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
982(may)s 1448(be)s 1730(declared)s 2597(not)s 2963(forcing)s
3706(b)s 4(ut)k 4068(all)s 4361(its)s 4637(tar)s 4(gets)k
5320(may)s 5786(be)s 6068(set)s 6393(to)s 6632(contain)s
220 fnt35 7393 402(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt82
8786 405(.)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 31 37
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.7.)m 454(Galle)s 7(ys)k 1232(and)s
1658(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k 240 fnt84 8839 13840(31)m
240 fnt82 480 13205(W)m 9(ithin)k 1197(a)s 1368(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
2045(a)s 2216(symbol)s 2981(whose)s 3654(name)s 4233(is)s
220 fnt35 4448 13202(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82 5508 13205(has)m 5883(a)s
6054(special)s 6777(meaning:)s 7772(when)s 8353(compo)s 8998(-)s
0 12917(nents)m 556(of)s 827(the)s 1175(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
1810(replace)s 2555(a)s 220 fnt35 2721 12914(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 3619 12917(or)m 220 fnt35 3879 12914(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k
240 fnt82 5332 12917(symbol,)m 6144(that)s 6562(symbol)s 7323(is)s
7533(\207rst)s 7964(replaced)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt35 0 12626(@Enclose)m
1055(@Galle)s 4(y)k 240 fnt82 1953 12629(or)m 220 fnt35
2212 12626(@Enclose)m 3267(@F)s 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt82
4660 12629(.)m 4824(F)s 3(or)k 5213(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 480 12128(def @Figure into @FigurePlace&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 480 11840(    r)m -3(ight @Body)k
480 11552({)m 480 11264(    def @Enclose)m 480 10976(        r)m -3(ight x)k 480 10688(    {)m
480 10400(        @Bo)m 6(x x)k 480 10112(    })m 480 9536(    @Body)m 480 9248(})m
240 fnt82 0 8754(causes)m 705(each)s 220 fnt35 1230 8751(@Galle)m 4(y)k
240 fnt82 2159 8754(or)m 220 fnt35 2448 8751(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k
240 fnt82 3932 8754(symbol)m 4722(that)s 5171(recei)s 6(v)k 3(es)k
6025(components)s 7264(of)s 7565(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
220 fnt35 8230 8751(@Figure)m 240 fnt82 0 8466(to)m 250(be)s
544(replaced)s 1423(by)s 220 fnt35 1728 8463(@Bo)m 6(x @Galle)k 4(y)k
240 fnt82 3294 8466(or)m 220 fnt35 3565 8463(@Bo)m 6(x @F)k 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k
240 fnt82 5614 8466(,)m 5732(assuming)s 6701(an)s 6996(appropriate)s
8152(de\207nition)s 0 8178(of)m 220 fnt35 311 8175(@Bo)m 6(x.)k
240 fnt82 1109 8178(This)m 1626(is)s 1876(useful,)s 2608(for)s
2987(e)s 3(xample,)k 3941(when)s 4558(producing)s 5623(multi-page)s
6754(box)s 3(ed)k 7436(displays,)s 8368(\207gures,)s 0 7890(and)m
404(tables.)s 480 7516(An)m 220 fnt35 861 7513(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82
1947 7516(symbol)m 2739(may)s 3236(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
3769(only)s 4280(one)s 4714(parameter)s 9(,)k 5797(which)s
6471(must)s 7027(be)s 7341(a)s 7538(right)s 8081(parameter)s 13(.)k
0 7228(It)m 213(w)s 2(ould)k 877(not)s 1252(mak)s 2(e)k
1833(sense)s 2416(to)s 2664(allo)s 6(w)k 3252(more)s
3808(parameters,)s 4971(since)s 5527(there)s 6069(is)s 6288(no)s
6590(suitable)s 7398(v)s 6(alue)k 7975(to)s 8223(assign)s
8887(to)s 0 6940(them.)m 628(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
1574(the)s 220 fnt35 1908 6937(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82 2949 6940(symbol)m
3695(may)s 4147(contain)s 4894(inner)s 5431(de\207nitions,)s 6534(and)s
6924(it)s 7102(may)s 7554(mak)s 2(e)k 8112(use)s
8473(of)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 6652(symbol)m 761(that)s
1181(is)s 1393(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 2303(at)s
2537(that)s 2956(point,)s 3557(in)s 3802(the)s 4152(usual)s
4714(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 5262(The)s 220 fnt35
5691 6649(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82 6748 6652(symbol)m 7510(may)s 7978(be)s
8262(a)s 8430(named)s 0 6364(parameter)m 1016(\(itself)s 1645(with)s
2130(a)s 2298(right)s 2812(parameter\))s 3896(of)s 4169(the)s
4520(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5156(symbol,)s 5971(rather)s
6589(than)s 7060(an)s 7346(inner)s 7899(de\207nition)s 8876(as)s
0 6076(sho)m 6(wn)k 677(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k
1350(if)s 1567(desired.)s 480 5702(It)m 696(mak)s 2(es)k
1367(sense)s 1952(for)s 2302(sorted)s 2955(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
3690(containing)s 4765(a)s 220 fnt35 4942 5699(@Merge)m 240 fnt82
5850 5702(symbol)m 6621(\(Section)s 7486(2.8\))s 7925(to)s 8175(also)s
8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 5414(an)m 220 fnt35
277 5411(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82 1326 5414(symbol.)m 2188(The)s 2610(meaning)s
3480(is)s 3684(that)s 4095(after)s 4585(all)s 4872(mer)s 4(ging)k
5711(is)s 5915(done,)s 6481(each)s 6970(resulting)s 7852(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
8480(has)s 8843(an)s 220 fnt35 0 5123(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82
1061 5126(symbol)m 1827(which)s 2476(is)s 2692(applied)s 3461(in)s
3710(the)s 4064(usual)s 4631(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k
5183(The)s 5618(v)s 6(alue)k 6192(of)s 6469(this)s
220 fnt35 6872 5123(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82 7933 5126(symbol)m 8700(will)s
0 4838(be)m 274(the)s 614(v)s 6(alue)k 1174(of)s
1437(an)s 220 fnt35 1712 4835(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82 2758 4838(symbol)m
3510(from)s 4026(one)s 4420(of)s 4683(the)s 5022(contrib)s 4(uting)k
6232(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 7004(b)s 4(ut)k
7358(e)s 3(xactly)k 8091(which)s 8724(one)s 0 4550(is)m
210(not)s 576(de\207ned.)s 1445(So)s 1751(it)s 1943(is)s
2153(safest)s 2756(if)s 2973(all)s 3266(such)s 220 fnt35
3762 4547(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82 4817 4550(symbols)m 5666(produce)s 6493(the)s
6841(same)s 7388(result.)s 480 4176(A)m 220 fnt35 709 4173(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 1597 4176(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2229(may)s
2693(f)s 2(ail)k 3061(to)s 3299(\207nd)s 3728(a)s
3892(\207rst)s 4321(tar)s 4(get)k 4918(lying)s 5461(in)s
5703(a)s 5867(follo)s 6(wing)k 6842(component)s 7964(of)s
8233(the)s 8579(same)s 0 3888(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k
634(as)s 884(its)s 1159(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
2213(point.)s 2868(This)s 3344(is)s 3553(a)s 3719(de\207cienc)s 3(y)k
4752(of)s 5023(Basser)s 5719(Lout,)s 6278(which)s 6919(occurs)s
7594(if)s 7810(the)s 8158(tar)s 4(get)k 8756(has)s
0 3600(not)m 356(been)s 855(read)s 1313(from)s 1827(input)s
2369(at)s 2590(the)s 2928(time)s 3398(the)s 3735(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
4359(tries)s 4810(to)s 5038(\207nd)s 5459(it.)s 5745(A)s
5964(w)s 2(orkaround)k 7167(is)s 7367(to)s 7595(use)s
7960(a)s 220 fnt35 8115 3597(preceding)m 240 fnt82 0 3312(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k
634(instead,)s 1418(de\207ned)s 2181(lik)s 2(e)k 2593(this:)s
220 fnt35 480 2811(def @A)m 6(Galle)k 4(y into { @A)k 6(Galle)k 4(yPlace&&preceding })k
480 2523(    r)m -3(ight @Body)k 480 2235({)m 480 1947(    //1.1b)m 480 1659(    @Body)m
480 1371(})m 240 fnt82 0 877(and)m 404(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
1219(lik)s 2(e)k 1631(this:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 32 38
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(32)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 220 fnt35 480 13207(@A)m 6(Galle)k 4(yPlace | @A)k 6(Galle)k 4(y { content of galle)k 4(y })k
480 12919(//)m 480 12631(...)m 480 12343(@A)m 6(Galle)k 4(yPlace)k
240 fnt82 0 11845(The)m 419(\207rst)s 220 fnt35 841 11842(@A)m 6(Galle)k 4(yPlace)k
240 fnt82 2411 11845(recei)m 6(v)k 3(es)k 3226(only)s
3696(the)s 4035(initial)s 4636(empty)s 5279(object,)s 5960(since)s
6498(the)s 220 fnt35 6836 11842(//1.1b)m 240 fnt82 7428 11845(forces)m
8052(a)s 8209(split;)s 8722(and)s 0 11557(the)m 348(Second)s
1111(La)s 3(w)k 1587(puts)s 2037(Basser)s 2734(Lout)s
3246(on)s 3543(the)s 3891(right)s 4402(track)s 4940(thereafter)s 13(.)k
240 fnt84 0 10764(2.8.)m 471(Sorted)s 1203(galleys)s 240 fnt82
480 10287(When)m 1128(footnotes)s 2088(are)s 2455(placed)s 3156(at)s
3407(the)s 3775(bottom)s 4532(of)s 4823(a)s 5008(page,)s
5586(the)s 3(y)k 6069(appear)s 6785(there)s 7337(in)s
7600(\207rst)s 8050(come,)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 9999(serv)m 3(ed)k
674(order)s 13(.)k 1324(T)s 19(o)k 1618(mak)s 2(e)k
2185(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2903(appear)s 3595(in)s
3832(sorted)s 4469(order)s 9(,)k 5065(as)s 5310(is)s
5514(needed)s 6245(in)s 6482(bibliographies)s 7896(and)s 8294(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es,)k
0 9711(a)m 178(parameter)s 1205(or)s 1477(nested)s 2158(de\207nition)s
3145(with)s 3640(the)s 4000(special)s 4731(name)s 220 fnt35
5318 9708(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k 240 fnt82 5977 9711(is)m
6200(added)s 6843(to)s 7094(the)s 7455(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
8102(de\207nition,)s 0 9423(lik)m 2(e)k 412(this:)s 220 fnt35
480 8972(def @Inde)m 6(xEntr)k -6(y into { @Inde)k 6(xPlace&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k
480 8684(   left @K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k 480 8396(   r)m -3(ight x)k
480 8108({ x })m 0 7611(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k 240 fnt82
674 7614(must)m 1226(be)s 1535(set)s 1887(to)s 2153(a)s
2346(simple)s 3066(w)s 2(ord,)k 3690(or)s 3976(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k
4725(w)s 2(ords)k 5386(with)s 5895(nothing)s 6707(more)s
7281(comple)s 3(x)k 8184(than)s 8681(font)s 0 7326(changes)m
822(within)s 1490(them,)s 2075(when)s 2651(the)s 2999(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
3633(is)s 3843(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed:)k
220 fnt35 480 6825({ cities compare } @Inde)m 6(xEntr)k -6(y { cities)k 3(, compar)k -3(ison of)k 6(, 27 })k
240 fnt82 0 6327(and)m 404(this)s 800(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k
1195(is)s 1405(used)s 1902(to)s 2141(sort)s 2559(the)s
2907(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 480 5953(If)m 707(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k
1425(sorted)s 2063(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2783(with)s
3261(the)s 3605(same)s 4148(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k
4539(are)s 4882(sent)s 5323(to)s 5558(the)s 5902(same)s
6445(place,)s 7052(the)s 7396(def)s 2(ault)k 8113(beha)s 4(viour)k
0 5665(is)m 253(to)s 536(print)s 1091(only)s 1615(the)s
2007(\207rst)s 2481(of)s 2796(them;)s 3430(the)s 3822(assumption)s
5013(is)s 5266(that)s 5728(the)s 6120(others)s 6799(are)s
7190(probably)s 8139(unw)s 2(anted)k 0 5377(duplicates.)m 1146(This)s
1636(holds)s 2220(good)s 2772(for)s 3123(sorted)s 3779(reference)s
4736(lists,)s 5241(for)s 5593(e)s 3(xample:)k 6579(we)s
6928(don')s 4(t)k 7503(w)s 2(ant)k 8040(tw)s 2(o)k
8464(copies)s 0 5089(of)m 273(a)s 442(reference)s 1388(just)s
1796(because)s 2611(we)s 2949(happen)s 3701(to)s 3943(cite)s
4345(it)s 4540(twice.)s 5224(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
6187(the)s 6537(other)s 7091(common)s 7989(e)s 3(xample)k
8855(of)s 0 4801(sorted)m 642(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k
1422(inde)s 3(x)k 2006(entries,)s 2749(requires)s 3569(something)s
4619(dif)s 6(ferent:)k 240 fnt83 5600 4803(mer)m 8(g)k 2(ed)k
240 fnt82 6374 4801(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 480 4427(Suppose)m
1348(that)s 1766(at)s 1998(some)s 2559(point)s 3111(of)s
3382(the)s 3730(document)s 4734(we)s 5069(insert)s 5659(the)s
6007(inde)s 3(x)k 6591(entry)s 220 fnt35 480 3926(aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(ks @Inde)k 6(xEntr)k -6(y { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(ks)k 3(, 23 })k
240 fnt82 0 3428(while)m 587(at)s 819(another)s 1596(point)s
2148(we)s 2483(insert)s 220 fnt35 480 2927(aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(ks @Inde)k 6(xEntr)k -6(y { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(ks)k 3(, 359 })k
240 fnt82 0 2429(Ho)m 6(w)k 505(the)s 843(page)s
1341(numbers)s 2206(are)s 2544(w)s 2(ork)k 2(ed)k
3306(out)s 3662(is)s 3862(not)s 4219(rele)s 6(v)k 6(ant)k
5026(here.)s 5591(Clearly)s 6338(we)s 6664(w)s 2(ould)k
7309(lik)s 2(e)k 7711(to)s 7940(mer)s 4(ge)k
8579(these)s 0 2141(tw)m 2(o)k 410(entries)s 1097(into)s
1522(one)s 1924(entry)s 2469(that)s 2887(comes)s 3549(out)s
3915(as)s 480 1636(Aardv)m 6(arks, 23, 359)k 0 1152(The)m 428(follo)s 6(wing)k
1405(de\207nition)s 2379(will)s 2805(mer)s 4(ge)k 3454(tw)s 2(o)k
3864(objects)s 4592(in)s 4835(this)s 5231(w)s 2(ay:)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 33 39
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.8.)m 454(Sorted)s 1145(galle)s 7(ys)k
240 fnt84 8833 13840(33)m 220 fnt35 480 13207(def @Merge left x r)m -3(ight y)k
480 12919({)m 480 12631(    {x @Rump y} @Case)m 480 12343(    {)m 480 12055(        ""      @Y)m 4(ield x)k
480 11767(        else   @Y)m 4(ield { x, x @Rump y })k 480 11479(    })m 480 11191(})m 240 fnt82
0 10697(The)m 220 fnt35 429 10694(@Rump)m 240 fnt82 1290 10697(symbol)m
2051(is)s 2262(the)s 2611(subject)s 3349(of)s 3621(Section)s
4396(3.24;)s 4929(this)s 5326(says)s 5790(`if)s 6087(the)s
6436(tw)s 2(o)k 6847(things)s 7484(to)s 7724(be)s
8007(mer)s 4(ged)k 8779(are)s 0 10409(equal,)m 622(the)s
967(result)s 1553(is)s 1760(one)s 2158(of)s 2426(them;)s
3012(otherwise)s 3994(it)s 4182(is)s 4389(the)s 4733(\207rst)s
5161(follo)s 6(wed)k 6059(by)s 6350(a)s 6512(comma)s
7273(and)s 7673(space)s 8257(and)s 8657(then)s 0 10121(the)m
355(rump)s 921(of)s 1200(the)s 1556(second.)s 16(')k
2445(Our)s 2885(only)s 3372(problem)s 4237(is)s 4455(that)s
4881(this)s 5285(symbol)s 6053(has)s 6430(to)s 6677(be)s
6967(applied)s 7737(to)s 7984(tw)s 2(o)k 8402(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
0 9833(from)m 524(widely)s 1229(separated)s 2189(parts)s 2704(of)s
2975(the)s 3323(document.)s 480 9459(Lout)m 993(mak)s 2(es)k
1654(this)s 2052(possible)s 2893(by)s 3189(the)s 3538(follo)s 6(wing)k
4517(special)s 5236(rule:)s 5775(if)s 5993(a)s 6161(sorted)s
6804(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7440(contains)s 8289(a)s
8457(nested)s 0 9171(de\207nition)m 965(of)s 1227(a)s 1383(symbol)s
2134(whose)s 2793(name)s 3357(is)s 220 fnt35 3558 9168(@Merge)m
240 fnt82 4446 9171(\()m 220 fnt35 4519 9168(@Merge)m 240 fnt82
5406 9171(must)m 5922(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6414(just)s
6809(tw)s 2(o)k 7210(parameters,)s 8355(left)s 8722(and)s
0 8883(right\),)m 643(and)s 1054(if)s 1277(that)s 1702(sorted)s
2350(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2991(is)s 3207(preceded)s
4135(in)s 4384(the)s 4739(list)s 5096(of)s 5374(sorted)s
6022(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6753(destined)s 7614(for)s
7959(some)s 8527(tar)s 4(get)k 0 8595(by)m 300(another)s
1084(sorted)s 1733(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2374(with)s
2863(the)s 3217(same)s 3771(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
4211(then)s 4687(rather)s 5310(than)s 5785(being)s 6377(discarded,)s
7407(the)s 7762(second)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
0 8307(is)m 210(mer)s 4(ged)k 981(into)s 1406(the)s
1754(\207rst)s 2185(using)s 2757(the)s 220 fnt35 3105 8304(@Merge)m
240 fnt82 4002 8307(symbol.)m 480 7933(The)m 909(natural)s 1629(thing)s
2175(to)s 2416(do)s 2711(when)s 3288(more)s 3837(than)s
4307(tw)s 2(o)k 4719(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
5445(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5947(the)s 6297(same)s
6845(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 7242(is)s 7454(to)s
7694(mer)s 4(ge)k 8345(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 7645(tw)m 2(o,)k
477(then)s 959(mer)s 4(ge)k 1621(the)s 1982(third)s
2504(with)s 2999(the)s 3360(result)s 3963(of)s 4247(that,)s
4725(then)s 5207(the)s 5568(fourth)s 6222(with)s 6717(the)s
7078(result)s 7681(of)s 7965(that,)s 8443(and)s 8860(so)s
0 7357(on.)m 403(F)s 3(or)k 790(ef\207cienc)s 3(y)k
1781(reasons)s 2547(be)s 3(yond)k 3306(our)s 3684(scope)s
4283(here,)s 4799(Lout)s 5309(does)s 5797(the)s 6144(mer)s 4(ging)k
6988(in)s 7229(a)s 7393(dif)s 6(ferent)k 8266(order:)s
8934(it)s 0 7069(mer)m 4(ges)k 240 fnt83 736 7071(n)m
240 fnt82 909 7069(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1632(by)s
1925(mer)s 4(ging)k 2770(the)s 3116(\207rst)s 240 fnt78
3592 7027(\353)m 240 fnt83 3685 7071(n)m 240 fnt78 3809 7063(/)m
3881(2)s 4006 7027(\373)m 240 fnt82 4197 7069(together)m 9(,)k
5077(then)s 5545(the)s 5892(last)s 240 fnt78 6327 7039(\351)m
240 fnt83 6420 7071(n)m 240 fnt78 6545 7063(/)m 6617(2)s
6741 7039(\371)m 240 fnt82 6933 7069(together)m 9(,)k 7813(then)s
8280(mer)s 4(ging)k 0 6781(the)m 337(result.)s 1019(Of)s
1332(course,)s 2051(if)s 2257(the)s 220 fnt35 2593 6778(@Merge)m
240 fnt82 3479 6781(symbol)m 4227(is)s 4426(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5509(this)s 5894(has)s 6252(the)s 6589(same)s 7124(ef)s 6(fect.)k
7813(The)s 220 fnt35 8229 6778(@Merge)m 240 fnt82 0 6493(symbol)m
758(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 1377(is)s 1584(not)s
1947(strictly)s 2660(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k 3803(b)s 4(ut)k
4162(it)s 4351(is)s 4559(close)s 5103(enough)s 5863(in)s
6103(practice.)s 7019(The)s 7444(total)s 7920(time)s 8397(it)s
8586(tak)s 2(es)k 0 6205(to)m 252(mer)s 4(ge)k
240 fnt83 915 6207(n)m 240 fnt82 1102 6205(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
1840(with)s 2335(equal)s 2922(k)s 2(e)k 3(ys)k
3421(is)s 240 fnt83 3644 6207(O)m 240 fnt78 3838 6199(\()m
168 fnt78 4049 6298(2)m 240 fnt83 3935 6207(n)m 240 fnt78
4155 6199(\))m 240 fnt82 4294 6205(or)m 4567(some)s 6(what)k
5605(higher)s 6289(\(b)s 4(ut)k 6744(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k
7468(polynomial)s 8627(in)s 240 fnt83 8884 6207(n)m 240 fnt82
8998 6205(\))m 0 5917(depending)m 1053(on)s 1353(ho)s 6(w)k
1816(man)s 3(y)k 2402(times)s 2972(the)s 3323(parameters)s
4424(occur)s 5017(within)s 5688(the)s 6038(body)s 6575(of)s
220 fnt35 6849 5914(@Merge)m 240 fnt82 7686 5917(;)m 7800(to)s
8042(do)s 8337(it)s 8532(in)s 8778(the)s 0 5629(natural)m
718(linear)s 1321(order)s 1885(w)s 2(ould)k 2540(tak)s 2(e)k
2992(Lout)s 3504(e)s 3(xponential)k 4672(time.)s 240 fnt84
0 4836(2.9.)m 471(Horizontal)s 1628(galleys)s 240 fnt82 480 4359(All)m
846(the)s 1201(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1932(so)s
2205(f)s 2(ar)k 2534(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
3042(been)s 240 fnt83 3557 4361(vertical)m 4353(galle)s 7(ys)k
240 fnt82 5018 4359(:)m 5191(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
5922(whose)s 6597(components)s 7812(are)s 8166(separated)s 0 4071(by)m
320(v)s 3(ertical)k 1114(concatenation)s 2525(symbols.)s 3514(There)s
4154(are)s 4527(also)s 4992(horizontal)s 6043(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k
6849(whose)s 7544(components)s 8779(are)s 0 3783(separated)m 951(by)s
1235(the)s 1574(horizontal)s 2588(concatenation)s 3963(operator)s 220 fnt35
4810 3780(&)m 240 fnt82 5002 3783(\(or)m 5331(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alently)k 15(,)k
6583(by)s 6867(spaces\).)s 7725(These)s 8342(w)s 2(ork)k
8883(in)s 0 3495(the)m 346(same)s 891(w)s 2(ay)k
1340(as)s 1588(v)s 3(ertical)k 2353(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k
3131(e)s 3(xcept)k 3810(for)s 4146(the)s 4492(change)s
5224(of)s 5493(direction.)s 6504(F)s 3(or)k 6891(e)s 3(xample,)k
7803(the)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 0 3207(de\207nes)m 730(the)s
1079(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 2124(of)s 2396(an)s
2681(ordinary)s 3546(outdented)s 4549(paragraph,)s 5613(e)s 3(xcept)k
6295(that)s 6715(an)s 6999(option)s 7669(is)s 7880(pro)s 3(vided)k
8788(for)s 0 2919(v)m 6(arying)k 778(the)s 1126(size)s
1553(of)s 1824(the)s 2172(outdent:)s 220 fnt35 480 2418(def @OutdentP)m 8(ar)k
480 2130(    named outdent { 2f })m 480 1842(    r)m -3(ight x)k 480 1554({)m 480 1266(    def @P)m 8(arPlace { @Galle)k 4(y })k
480 690(    def @LineList)m 480 402(    {)m 480 114(        outdent @Wide {} | @P)m 26(Adjust @P)k 8(arPlace)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 34 40
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(34)m 240 fnt83 7257 13843(Chapter)m 8107(2.)s
8381(Details)s 220 fnt35 480 13207(        //1vx @LineList)m 480 12919(    })m 480 12343(    def @P)m 8(arGalle)k 4(y f)k 6(orce hor)k -3(iz)k 3(ontally into { @P)k 8(arPlace&&preceding })k
480 12055(        r)m -3(ight x)k 480 11767(    {)m 480 11479(        x)m 480 11191(    })m
480 10615(        @P)m 26(Adjust @P)k 8(arPlace)k 480 10327(    //  @P)m 8(arGalle)k 4(y { x &1r)k -8(t })k
480 10039(    //1vx  @LineList)m 480 9751(})m 240 fnt82 0 9257(Notice)m 703(the)s
1061(use)s 1446(of)s 220 fnt35 1727 9254(&1r)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 2203 9257(to)m 2452(cancel)s 3127(the)s 3485(ef)s 6(fect)k
4091(of)s 220 fnt35 4372 9254(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt82
5390 9257(on)m 5697(the)s 6055(last)s 6456(line)s 6880(of)s
7161(the)s 7519(paragraph.)s 8650(This)s 0 8969(de\207nition)m 969(has)s
1334(a)s 1494(problem)s 2346(in)s 2584(that)s 2996(there)s
3524(will)s 3945(be)s 4221(a)s 4382(concluding)s 5494(une)s 3(xpanded)k
220 fnt35 6701 8966(@LineList)m 240 fnt82 7730 8969(symbol)m 8484(which)s
0 8681(will)m 431(hold)s 921(up)s 1219(promotion)s 2279(of)s
2555(the)s 2909(enclosing)s 3884(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y;)k
4582(this)s 4983(problem)s 5846(may)s 6317(be)s 6605(\207x)s 3(ed)k
7144(by)s 7444(the)s 7797(same)s 8350(method)s 0 8393(used)m
497(to)s 736(end)s 1140(a)s 1306(list.)s 480 8019(In)m
735(an)s 1016(ideal)s 1533(w)s 2(orld,)k 2194(there)s
2725(w)s 2(ould)k 3378(be)s 3658(nothing)s 4442(further)s
5149(to)s 5386(say)s 5757(about)s 6347(horizontal)s 7369(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k
8204(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 0 7731(there)m
558(are)s 931(a)s 1123(fe)s 6(w)k 1555(dif)s 6(ferences)k
2686(which)s 3354(arise)s 3886(from)s 4436(v)s 6(arious)k
5211(practical)s 6113(considerations)s 7571(and)s 8001(limitations.)s 0 7443(Perhaps)m
808(some)s 1369(day)s 1769(a)s 1935(more)s 2482(perfect)s
3204(symmetry)s 4214(will)s 4640(be)s 4922(implemented.)s 480 7069(Each)m
1021(v)s 3(ertical)k 1795(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
2436(has)s 2812(a)s 2985(\207x)s 3(ed)k 3526(\207nite)s
4080(width,)s 4738(and)s 5149(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k
5732(component)s 6863(is)s 7079(brok)s 2(en)k 7806(to)s
8052(that)s 8477(width.)s 0 6781(This)m 517(is)s 769(needed)s
1546(basically)s 2491(to)s 2772(trigger)s 3509(paragraph)s 4564(breaking.)s
5606(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
6608(there)s 7183(is)s 7434(no)s 7769(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k
8855(of)s 0 6493(paragraph)m 1001(breaking)s 1879(in)s 2110(the)s
2446(v)s 3(ertical)k 3201(direction,)s 4145(so)s 4398(horizontal)s
5410(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6122(do)s 6403(not)s
6757(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7246(an)s 3(y)k
7631(particular)s 8592(\207x)s 3(ed)k 0 6205(height.)m 762(Instead,)s
1559(each)s 2054(component)s 3178(has)s 3548(its)s 3824(o)s 6(wn)k
4288(indi)s 6(vidual)k 5307(height.)s 480 5831(When)m 1096(tw)s 2(o)k
1492(objects)s 2206(are)s 2539(separated)s 3485(by)s 220 fnt35
3766 5828(/)m 240 fnt82 3830 5831(,)m 3923(the)s 3(y)k
4372(are)s 4705(assigned)s 5573(the)s 5908(same)s 6441(width)s
7029(\(Section)s 7868(2.7\),)s 8340(and)s 8730(this)s 0 5543(holds)m
581(true)s 1020(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1531(if)s
1760(the)s 2119(tw)s 2(o)k 2541(objects)s 3280(are)s
3639(subsequently)s 4954(separated)s 5926(by)s 6231(being)s 6828(promoted)s
7814(into)s 8251(dif)s 6(ferent)k 0 5255(tar)m 4(gets.)k
788(F)s 3(or)k 1169(e)s 3(xample,)k 2074(tw)s 2(o)k
2476(aligned)s 3229(equations)s 4189(will)s 4606(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
5099(the)s 5439(same)s 5977(width,)s 6621(and)s 7016(hence)s
7622(their)s 8110(alignment)s 0 4967(will)m 437(be)s 731(preserv)s 3(ed,)k
1776(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2287(if)s 2516(the)s 3(y)k
2991(appear)s 3699(in)s 3954(dif)s 6(ferent)k 4841(columns)s
5714(or)s 5985(pages.)s 6706(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
7677(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8189(though)s 220 fnt35
8924 4964(&)m 240 fnt82 0 4679(aligns)m 635(the)s 996(marks)s
1644(of)s 1928(its)s 2217(tw)s 2(o)k 2640(parameters,)s
3807(it)s 4012(does)s 4515(not)s 4894(assign)s 5562(them)s
6113(a)s 6292(common)s 7200(height.)s 7975(This)s 8464(means)s
0 4391(that)m 416(the)s 762(height)s 1417(of)s 1686(an)s 3(y)k
2081(component)s 3202(of)s 3471(a)s 3634(horizontal)s 4656(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
5288(promoted)s 6260(into)s 6683(one)s 7083(tar)s 4(get)k
7679(does)s 8167(not)s 8530(af)s 6(fect)k 0 4103(the)m
362(height)s 1034(consumed)s 2078(by)s 2386(the)s 2748(components)s
3971(promoted)s 4960(into)s 5400(an)s 3(y)k 5811(other)s
6376(tar)s 4(get.)k 7094(The)s 7536(other)s 8102(horizontal)s
0 3815(concatenation)m 1392(operator)s 9(,)k 220 fnt35 2293 3812(|)m
240 fnt82 2330 3815(,)m 2444(does)s 2941(assign)s 3604(a)s
3777(common)s 4679(height)s 5344(to)s 5590(its)s 5874(tw)s 2(o)k
6291(parameters;)s 7457(b)s 4(ut)k 7826(sequences)s 8855(of)s
0 3527(objects)m 728(separated)s 1688(by)s 1982(this)s 2378(operator)s
3234(cannot)s 3932(be)s 4214(the)s 4562(components)s 5770(of)s
6041(a)s 6207(horizontal)s 7231(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k
480 3153(Lout)m 985(is)s 1187(able)s 1633(to)s 1864(read)s
2325(v)s 3(ertical)k 3084(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
3800(one)s 4194(paragraph)s 5199(at)s 5424(a)s 5582(time;)s
6110(in)s 6345(this)s 6733(w)s 2(ay)k 7176(it)s
7360(processes)s 8319(the)s 8659(doc)s 8998(-)s 0 2865(ument)m
660(in)s 906(small)s 1481(chunks,)s 2270(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
2855(holding)s 3642(more)s 4192(than)s 4664(a)s 4833(fe)s 6(w)k
5242(pages)s 5840(in)s 6086(memory)s 6940(at)s 7175(an)s 3(y)k
7575(time.)s 8166(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
0 2577(horizontal)m 1024(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1748(are)s
2095(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 2806(read)s 3275(in)s
3518(completely)s 15(,)k 4672(so)s 4938(the)s 3(y)k
5401(should)s 6098(not)s 6464(be)s 6746(e)s 3(xtremely)k
7752(long.)s 480 2203(In)m 744(principle)s 1658(Lout)s 2178(should)s
2884(be)s 3174(able)s 3637(to)s 3884(h)s 1(yphenate)k
4932(the)s 5288(components)s 6505(of)s 6784(horizontal)s 7817(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
8550(when)s 0 1915(the)m 3(y)k 463(are)s 810(simple)s
1503(w)s 2(ords,)k 2193(b)s 4(ut)k 2555(this)s
2951(is)s 3161(not)s 3527(implemented)s 4833(at)s 5065(present.)s
480 1541(In)m 738(an)s 1023(ideal)s 1544(w)s 2(orld,)k
2209(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 2787(paragraph)s 3802(w)s 2(ould)k
4459(be)s 4743(treated)s 5452(as)s 5704(a)s 5872(horizontal)s
6898(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 7629(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
8591(to)s 8833(do)s 0 1253(so)m 256(in)s 488(practice)s
1288(w)s 2(ould)k 1932(be)s 2203(too)s 2551(slo)s 6(w)k
3040(and)s 3433(w)s 2(ould)k 4077(lead)s 4522(to)s
4750(e)s 3(xcessi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k 5699(clumsiness)s
6788(in)s 7020(notation,)s 7900(so)s 8155(at)s 8376(present)s
0 965(Lout)m 509(has)s 876(tw)s 2(o)k 1282(competing)s
2342(mechanisms)s 3572(in)s 3811(this)s 4204(area:)s 4764(the)s
5108(b)s 4(uilt-in)k 5861(paragraph)s 6871(break)s 2(er)k
7641(with)s 8120(its)s 8392(limited)s 0 677(set)m 314(of)s
573(options)s 1318(as)s 1556(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
2124(under)s 2718(the)s 220 fnt35 3054 674(@Break)m 240 fnt82
3899 677(operator)m 9(,)k 4781(and)s 5173(horizontal)s 6186(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k
7011(As)s 7317(the)s 7653(e)s 3(xample)k 8504(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
0 389(sho)m 6(ws,)k 700(horizontal)s 1725(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
2449(are)s 2797(in)s 3040(principle)s 3946(capable)s 4733(of)s
5004(implementing)s 6386(man)s 3(y)k 6969(more)s 7517(paragraph)s
8531(styles)s 0 101(than)m 470(the)s 820(b)s 4(uilt-in)k
1578(paragraph)s 2593(break)s 2(er)k 3369(could)s 3961(e)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
4425(hope)s 4949(to)s 5190(do.)s 5596(The)s 6026(recommended)s
7441(practical)s 8319(strate)s 3(gy)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 35 41
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(2.9.)m 454(Horizontal)s 1551(galle)s 7(ys)k
240 fnt84 8833 13840(35)m 240 fnt82 0 13205(is)m 221(to)s
472(use)s 858(the)s 1218(b)s 4(uilt-in)k 1985(paragraph)s
3010(break)s 2(er)k 3795(most)s 4332(of)s 4614(the)s
4974(time,)s 5516(and)s 5932(switch)s 6624(to)s 6875(horizontal)s
7910(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 8646(only)s 0 12917(for)m
338(occasional)s 1402(tricks,)s 2039(such)s 2535(as)s 2785(paragraphs)s
3885(with)s 4367(drop)s 4859(capitals,)s 5695(circular)s 6483(outlines,)s
7347(etc.)s 240 fnt84 0 12124(2.10.)m 591(Optimal)s 1495(galley)s
2149(br)s 4(eaking)k 240 fnt82 480 11647(As)m 814(e)s 3(xplained)k
1817(in)s 2077(Section)s 2869(2.7,)s 3294(the)s 3659(components)s
4885(of)s 5174(a)s 5357(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
6009(are)s 6373(promoted)s 7366(one)s 7786(by)s 8097(one)s
8517(into)s 8960(a)s 0 11359(tar)m 4(get.)k 703(When)s
1332(space)s 1919(runs)s 2382(out)s 2748(there,)s 3332(the)s
3680(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4314(searches)s 5174(for)s
5512(a)s 5678(ne)s 6(w)k 6125(tar)s 4(get)k
6724(and)s 7128(promotion)s 8182(resumes.)s 480 10985(This)m 977(process)s
1766(is)s 1997(e)s 3(xactly)k 2759(analogous)s 3802(to)s
4062(placing)s 4840(w)s 2(ords)k 5495(onto)s 5995(a)s
6182(line)s 6617(until)s 7131(space)s 7739(runs)s 8223(out,)s
8657(then)s 0 10697(mo)m 3(ving)k 776(to)s 1008(another)s
1778(line.)s 2293(But,)s 2740(as)s 2983(we)s 3311(kno)s 6(w)k 15(,)k
3923(that)s 4335(simple)s 5021(method)s 5790(is)s 5993(inferior)s
6762(to)s 6994(the)s 7335(optimal)s 8113(paragraph)s 0 10409(breaking)m
893(used)s 1393(by)s 1690(Lout)s 2206(\(copied)s 2984(from)s
3511(the)s 3863(T)s 3959 10361(E)m 4067 10409(X)m 4299(system\),)s
5152(which)s 5797(e)s 3(xamines)k 6752(the)s 7103(entire)s
7705(paragraph)s 8722(and)s 0 10121(determines)m 1099(the)s 1447(most)s
1972(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2472(assignment)s 3608(of)s
3879(w)s 2(ords)k 4513(to)s 4752(lines.)s 480 9747(Lout)m
1050(of)s 6(fers)k 240 fnt83 1709 9749(optimal)m 2559(galle)s 7(y)k
3250(br)s 8(eaking)k 240 fnt82 4087 9747(,)m 4252(the)s
4659(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 5761(for)s 6157(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
6940(of)s 7269(optimal)s 8113(paragraph)s 0 9459(breaking.)m 1020(Optimal)s
1878(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2532(breaking)s 3442(can)s
3851(reduce)s 4564(the)s 4932(size)s 5378(of)s 5669(ugly)s
6169(blank)s 6782(spaces)s 7477(at)s 7729(the)s 8097(bottom)s
8855(of)s 0 9171(pages)m 596(preceding)s 1592(lar)s 4(ge)k
2121(unbreakable)s 3346(displays,)s 4237(sometimes)s 5310(quite)s 5844(dramatically)s 15(.)k
480 8797(Optimal)m 1337(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1990(breaking)s
2900(is)s 3129(applied)s 3910(to)s 4169(each)s 4683(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
5375(horizontal)s 6418(or)s 6696(v)s 3(ertical,)k 7535(that)s
7972(possesses)s 8960(a)s 0 8509(parameter)m 1036(or)s 1317(nested)s
2008(symbol)s 2790(called)s 220 fnt35 3440 8506(@Optimiz)m 3(e)k
240 fnt82 4599 8509(whose)m 5290(v)s 6(alue)k 5880(is)s
220 fnt35 6112 8506(Y)m 30(es)k 240 fnt82 6453 8509(.)m
6639(Lik)s 2(e)k 7153(cross)s 7717(referencing,)s 8934(it)s
0 8221(tak)m 2(es)k 539(tw)s 2(o)k 947(runs)s
1409(to)s 1646(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2145(ef)s 6(fect.)k
2844(On)s 3192(the)s 3538(\207rst)s 3968(run,)s 4392(Lout)s
4902(records)s 5655(the)s 6001(sizes)s 6514(of)s 6784(the)s
7130(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k 7918(components)s
0 7933(and)m 393(g)s 1(aps,)k 927(and)s 1319(also)s
1746(the)s 2083(space)s 2658(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
3555(at)s 3776(each)s 4259(of)s 4519(its)s 4783(tar)s 4(gets.)k
5568(At)s 5856(end)s 6248(of)s 6508(run)s 6873(this)s
7257(information)s 8431(is)s 8629(used)s 0 7645(to)m 232(\207nd)s
656(an)s 932(optimal)s 1709(break,)s 2340(which)s 2975(is)s
3177(written)s 3903(to)s 4135(the)s 4475(cross-reference)s 5981(database.)s
6961(On)s 7303(the)s 7644(second)s 8360(run,)s 8778(the)s
0 7357(optimal)m 785(break)s 1377(is)s 1587(retrie)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k
2484(and)s 2888(used.)s 480 6983(Considering)m 1727(that)s 2170(this)s
2590(process)s 3383(must)s 3932(cope)s 4465(with)s 4971(\210oating)s
5780(\207gures,)s 6562(ne)s 6(w)k 7034(page)s 7566(and)s
7995(conditional)s 0 6695(ne)m 6(w)k 460(page)s 982(symbols,)s
1901(breaks)s 2589(for)s 2941(ne)s 6(w)k 3402(chapters,)s
4318(and)s 4736(e)s 6(v)k 4(olving)k 5631(documents,)s
6788(it)s 6994(is)s 7218(surprisingly)s 8428(rob)s 4(ust.)k
0 6407(If)m 250(it)s 463(does)s 974(go)s 1287(badly)s
1894(wrong,)s 2634(remo)s 3(ving)k 3621(\207le)s 220 fnt35
4003 6404(lout.li)m 240 fnt82 4580 6407(then)m 5069(running)s 5888(Lout)s
6421(twice)s 7014(without)s 7826(changing)s 8778(the)s 0 6119(document)m
1036(may)s 1534(solv)s 3(e)k 2125(the)s 2505(problem.)s
3498(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
4491(cases)s 5078(are)s 5457(kno)s 6(wn)k 6194(where)s
6866(the)s 7246(optimization)s 8544(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
0 5831(con)m 9(v)k 3(er)k 4(ges.)k 1151(These)s
1812(are)s 2193(usually)s 2972(related)s 3713(to)s 3986(\207gures)s
4721(and)s 5159(footnotes)s 6134(whose)s 6836(anchor)s 7581(points)s
8251(f)s 2(all)k 8655(near)s 0 5543(page)m 508(boundaries.)s

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 36 42
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
480 fnt84 0 12955(Chapter)m 1819(3.)s 2400(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k
4711(symbols)s 240 fnt84 0 11691(3.1.)m 471(@Begin)s 1335(and)s
1776(@End)s 240 fnt82 480 11214(The)m 905(body)s 1435(of)s
1702(a)s 1864(symbol)s 220 fnt35 2620 11211(@Sym)m 240 fnt82
3324 11214(may)m 3786(be)s 4064(enclosed)s 4955(in)s 220 fnt35
5194 11211(@Begin)m 240 fnt82 6019 11214(and)m 220 fnt35 6419 11211(@End)m
7076(@Sym)s 240 fnt82 7780 11214(instead)m 8511(of)s 8778(the)s
0 10926(more)m 547(usual)s 1107(braces:)s 220 fnt35 480 10475(def @Section)m
480 10187(    named @Title {})m 480 9899(    r)m -3(ight @Body)k 480 9611(@Begin)m 480 9323(    @Title //2v @Body)m
480 9035(@End @Section)m 240 fnt82 0 8580(The)m 3(y)k 543(may)s
1009(also)s 1447(enclose)s 2220(the)s 2568(right)s 3079(or)s
3338(body)s 3872(parameter)s 4886(of)s 5157(a)s 5323(symbol)s
6083(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation:)k 220 fnt35 480 8079(@Chapter)m
480 7791(    @Title { Introduction })m 480 7503(@Begin)m 480 7215(This subject needs no introduction.)m 480 6927(@End @Chapter)m 240 fnt82
0 6431(Apart)m 651(from)s 1222(their)s 1767(utility)s 2438(as)s
2735(documentation)s 4262(aids,)s 4801(these)s 5396(forms)s 6051(allo)s 6(w)k
6677(Basser)s 7422(Lout)s 7981(to)s 8268(pinpoint)s 0 6143(mismatched)m
1206(braces,)s 1915(which)s 2549(can)s 2930(otherwise)s 3908(create)s
4525(total)s 4996(ha)s 4(v)k 4(oc.)k 5716(F)s 3(or)k
6098(this)s 6486(reason,)s 7209(the)s 3(y)k 7664(should)s
8353(enclose)s 0 5855(the)m 339(major)s 946(parts)s 1451(of)s
1712(documents,)s 2846(such)s 3333(as)s 3573(chapters)s 4410(and)s
4804(sections.)s 5728(Note)s 6240(that)s 6648(braces)s 7299(cannot)s
7987(be)s 8259(replaced)s 0 5567(by)m 220 fnt35 294 5564(@Begin)m
240 fnt82 1123 5567(and)m 220 fnt35 1527 5564(@End)m 240 fnt82
2188 5567(in)m 2431(general.)s 240 fnt84 0 4774(3.2.)m 471(Concatenation)s
2015(symbols)s 2893(and)s 3334(paragraphs)s 240 fnt82 480 4297(There)m
1093(are)s 1440(ten)s 1789(concatenation)s 3174(symbols,)s 4079(in)s
4322(three)s 4855(f)s 2(amilies:)k 220 fnt35 480 3756(/)m
962(^/)s 1547(//)s 2012(^//)s 240 fnt82 2580 3759(V)m 26(ertical)k
3377(concatenation)s 220 fnt35 480 3468(|)m 962(^|)s 1547(||)s
2012(^||)s 240 fnt82 2580 3471(Horizontal)m 3657(concatenation)s 220 fnt35
480 3180(&)m 962(^&)s 240 fnt82 2580 3183(In-paragraph)m 3871(concatenation)s
0 2642(Each)m 587(symbol)s 1399(produces)s 2367(an)s 2702(object)s
3398(which)s 4093(combines)s 5113(together)s 6008(the)s 6409(tw)s 2(o)k
6871(parameters.)s 8134(The)s 8615(right)s 0 2354(parameter)m 1014(must)s
1539(be)s 1821(separated)s 2781(from)s 3305(the)s 3653(symbol)s
4413(by)s 4707(at)s 4939(least)s 5436(one)s 5838(white)s
6425(space)s 7012(character)s 13(.)k 480 1980(The)m 906(v)s 3(ertical)k
1670(concatenation)s 3052(symbol)s 220 fnt35 3809 1977(/)m 240 fnt82
3930 1980(places)m 4575(its)s 4848(left)s 5222(parameter)s 6233(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
6852(its)s 7125(right)s 7633(parameter)s 8644(with)s 0 1692(their)m
519(column)s 1317(marks)s 1975(aligned.)s 2866(If)s 3119(one)s
3544(parameter)s 4581(has)s 4973(more)s 5543(column)s 6341(marks)s
6999(than)s 7491(the)s 7862(other)s 9(,)k 8474(empty)s
0 1404(columns)m 868(are)s 1221(inserted)s 2041(at)s 2279(the)s
2633(right)s 3150(to)s 3395(equalize)s 4253(the)s 4607(numbers.)s
5601(The)s 6035(v)s 6(ariant)k 220 fnt35 6758 1401(//)m
240 fnt82 6949 1404(ignores)m 7710(column)s 8491(marks)s 0 1116(and)m
404(left-justi\207es)s 1594(the)s 1942(objects.)s 480 742(The)m 896(horizontal)s
1908(concatenation)s 3280(symbols)s 220 fnt35 4117 739(|)m 240 fnt82
4201 742(and)m 220 fnt35 4593 739(||)m 240 fnt82 4734 742(are)m
5069(horizontal)s 6080(analogues)s 7076(of)s 220 fnt35 7334 739(/)m
240 fnt82 7446 742(and)m 220 fnt35 7837 739(//)m 240 fnt82
7962 742(:)m 8116(the)s 3(y)k 8566(place)s 192 fnt84
4439 2(36)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 37 43
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.2.)m 454(Concatenation)s 1918(symbols)s 2744(and)s
3170(par)s 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k 240 fnt84
8831 13840(37)m 240 fnt82 0 13205(their)m 488(tw)s 2(o)k
888(parameters)s 1976(side)s 2407(by)s 2692(side,)s 3174(with)s
3646(ro)s 6(w)k 4056(mark)s 4599(alignment)s 5605(or)s
5854(top-justi\207cation)s 7414(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k
8698(The)s 0 12917(in-paragraph)m 1278(concatenation)s 2663(symbol)s 220 fnt35
3423 12914(&)m 240 fnt82 3625 12917(produces)m 4540(horizontal)s 5564(concatenation)s
6949(within)s 7617(a)s 7783(paragraph;)s 8850(its)s 0 12629(special)m
718(properties)s 1724(are)s 2071(treated)s 2778(in)s 3021(detail)s
3606(at)s 3838(the)s 4186(end)s 4590(of)s 4861(this)s
5257(section.)s 480 12255(The)m 908(concatenation)s 2293(symbols)s 3142(in)s
3385(an)s 3(y)k 3782(one)s 4184(f)s 2(amily)k
4859(are)s 240 fnt83 5206 12257(mutually)m 6099(associative)s 240 fnt82
7154 12255(,)m 7261(which)s 7903(means)s 8565(that)s 220 fnt35
480 11754({)m 240 fnt83 664 11759(x)m 220 fnt35 890 11754(|)m
240 fnt83 927 11759(p)m 1160(y)s 220 fnt35 1382 11754(})m
1566(|)s 240 fnt83 1603 11759(q)m 1839(z)s 240 fnt82
0 11258(is)m 210(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 921(the)s
1269(same)s 1816(as)s 240 fnt83 480 10762(x)m 220 fnt35
706 10757(|)m 240 fnt83 743 10762(p)m 220 fnt35 976 10757({)m
240 fnt83 1160 10762(y)m 220 fnt35 1382 10757(|)m 240 fnt83
1419 10762(q)m 1655(z)s 220 fnt35 1866 10757(})m 240 fnt82
0 10261(for)m 339(an)s 3(y)k 737(objects)s 240 fnt83
1466 10263(x)m 240 fnt82 1572 10261(,)m 240 fnt83 1680 10263(y)m
240 fnt82 1782 10261(,)m 1891(and)s 240 fnt83 2296 10263(z)m
240 fnt82 2387 10261(,)m 2495(an)s 3(y)k 2893(g)s 1(aps)k
240 fnt83 3383 10263(p)m 240 fnt82 3558 10261(and)m 240 fnt83
3963 10263(q)m 240 fnt82 4140 10261(\(de\207ned)m 4983(belo)s 6(w\),)k
5750(and)s 6155(an)s 3(y)k 6553(choice)s 7234(of)s
220 fnt35 7506 10258(|)m 240 fnt82 7543 10261(,)m 220 fnt35
7652 10258(^|)m 240 fnt82 7792 10261(,)m 220 fnt35 7900 10258(||)m
240 fnt82 7994 10261(,)m 8102(and)s 220 fnt35 8507 10258(^||)m
240 fnt82 8704 10261(.)m 8870(In)s 0 9973(practice)m 803(we)s
1130(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 1833(omit)s 2323(such)s
2811(braces,)s 3520(since)s 4059(the)s 3(y)k 4513(are)s
4852(redundant)s 5861(and)s 6257(can)s 6638(be)s 6912(misleading.)s
8117(The)s 8536(result)s 0 9685(of)m 277(the)s 631(complete)s
1569(sequence)s 2508(of)s 2786(concatenations)s 4264(will)s 4696(be)s
4984(called)s 5619(the)s 240 fnt83 5973 9687(whole)m 6604(concatenation)s
8020(object)s 240 fnt82 8608 9685(,)m 8722(and)s 0 9397(the)m
348(objects)s 1076(which)s 1718(mak)s 2(e)k 2290(it)s
2482(up)s 2775(will)s 3201(be)s 3483(called)s 4111(the)s
240 fnt83 4459 9399(components)m 240 fnt82 5598 9397(.)m 480 9023(One)m
938(mark)s 1494(is)s 1708(designated)s 2793(as)s 3047(the)s
240 fnt83 3398 9025(principal)m 4339(mark)s 240 fnt82 4835 9023(,)m
4946(usually)s 5695(the)s 6047(mark)s 6602(of)s 6877(the)s
7229(\207rst)s 7664(component.)s 8896(A)s 0 8735(later)m 486(mark)s
1042(can)s 1435(be)s 1721(chosen)s 2447(for)s 2789(this)s
3189(honour)s 3932(by)s 4230(attaching)s 220 fnt35 5163 8732(^)m
240 fnt82 5333 8735(to)m 5576(the)s 5928(preceding)s 6928(concatenation)s
8317(symbol.)s 0 8447(See)m 401(Section)s 1175(3.10)s 1650(for)s
1988(e)s 3(xamples.)k 480 8073(A)m 240 fnt83 712 8075(gap)m
240 fnt82 1065 8073(,)m 1175(specifying)s 2227(the)s 2578(distance)s
3420(between)s 4277(the)s 4627(tw)s 2(o)k 5040(parameters,)s
6197(may)s 6666(follo)s 6(w)k 7341(an)s 3(y)k
7741(concatenation)s 0 7785(symbol.)m 866(There)s 1475(may)s 1937(be)s
2215(no)s 2504(spaces)s 3176(between)s 4026(a)s 4188(concatenation)s
5569(symbol)s 6325(and)s 6726(its)s 6998(g)s 1(ap.)k
7503(A)s 7729(missing)s 8522(g)s 1(ap)k 8916(is)s
0 7497(tak)m 2(en)k 569(to)s 803(be)s 220 fnt35
1081 7494(0ie)m 240 fnt82 1365 7497(.)m 1524(The)s 1948(g)s 1(ap)k
2341(is)s 2546(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k
3601(a)s 3762(third)s 4267(parameter)s 5276(of)s 5542(the)s
5886(concatenation)s 7266(symbol,)s 8074(and)s 8473(it)s 8660(may)s
0 7209(be)m 289(an)s 579(arbitrary)s 1462(object)s 2113(pro)s 3(vided)k
3026(that)s 3452(it)s 3651(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k
4586(to)s 4833(a)s 5006(juxtaposition)s 6319(of)s 6598(simple)s
7298(w)s 2(ords.)k 8052(In)s 8316(general,)s 0 6921(the)m
348(g)s 1(ap)k 746(must)s 1271(be)s 1553(enclosed)s
2448(in)s 2691(braces,)s 3408(lik)s 2(e)k 3820(this:)s
220 fnt35 480 6420(//{  @Style&&m)m 3(ystyle @Open { @T)k 26(opMargin }  })k 240 fnt82
0 5921(b)m 4(ut)k 349(the)s 684(braces)s 1332(may)s
1785(be)s 2053(omitted)s 2828(when)s 3391(the)s 3726(object)s
4356(is)s 4553(a)s 4706(juxtaposition)s 5999(of)s 6256(simple)s
6936(w)s 2(ords)k 7557(or)s 7803(an)s 8072(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
0 5633(of)m 271(a)s 437(symbol)s 1197(without)s 1988(parameters,)s
3142(as)s 3392(in)s 220 fnt35 3635 5630(//0.3vx)m 240 fnt82
4340 5633(and)m 220 fnt35 4744 5630(||@Indent)m 240 fnt82 5687 5633(.)m
480 5259(A)m 704(g)s 1(ap)k 1096(consists)s 1898(of)s
2162(a)s 2322(length)s 2971(plus)s 3415(a)s 3574(g)s 1(ap)k
3966(mode)s 4548(plus)s 4992(an)s 5268(optional)s 6101(indication)s
7108(of)s 7373(unbreakability)s 15(.)k 8896(A)s 240 fnt83
0 4973(length)m 240 fnt82 659 4971(is)m 875(represented)s 2040(by)s
2341(an)s 2630(decimal)s 3447(number)s 4244(\(which)s 4972(may)s
5444(not)s 5816(be)s 6104(ne)s 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e\))k
7036(follo)s 6(wed)k 7944(by)s 8244(a)s 8416(unit)s
8855(of)s 0 4683(measurement.)m 1437(F)s 3(or)k 1825(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 2738 4680(2.5c)m 240 fnt82 3207 4683(represents)m 4225(the)s
4572(length)s 5226(2.5)s 5571(centimetres.)s 6834(Figure)s 7513(3.1)s
7847(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 8393(the)s 8740(full)s
0 4395(selection)m 906(of)s 1177(units)s 1693(of)s 1964(measurement.)s
480 4021(After)m 1045(the)s 1396(length)s 2054(comes)s 2718(an)s
3004(optional)s 240 fnt83 3846 4023(gap)m 4261(mode)s 240 fnt82
4773 4021(,)m 4883(which)s 5528(is)s 5740(a)s 5909(single)s
6539(letter)s 7090(follo)s 6(wing)k 8070(the)s 8421(length,)s
0 3733(indicating)m 1031(ho)s 6(w)k 1514(the)s 1884(length)s
2562(is)s 2794(to)s 3055(be)s 3359(measured.)s 4462(As)s
4801(sho)s 6(wn)k 5500(in)s 5765(Figure)s 6468(3.2,)s
6897(with)s 7401(edge-to-edge)s 8728(g)s 1(ap)k 0 3445(mode)m
603(the)s 967(length)s 240 fnt83 1638 3447(l)m 240 fnt82
1780 3445(is)m 2006(measured)s 2996(from)s 3536(the)s 3900(trailing)s
4658(edge)s 5181(of)s 5468(the)s 5832(\207rst)s 6279(object)s
6939(to)s 7194(the)s 7558(leading)s 8331(edge)s 8855(of)s
0 3157(the)m 347(second.)s 1174(Edge-to-edge)s 2516(is)s 2725(the)s
3071(def)s 2(ault)k 3790(mode:)s 4486(the)s 220 fnt35
4833 3154(e)m 240 fnt82 5005 3157(may)m 5469(be)s 5749(omitted.)s
6642(Hyphenation)s 7934(g)s 1(ap)k 8330(mode)s 8916(is)s
0 2869(similar)m 9(,)k 760(e)s 3(xcept)k 1441(as)s
1691(e)s 3(xplained)k 2676(at)s 2908(the)s 3256(end)s
3660(of)s 3931(this)s 4327(section.)s 480 2495(Mark-to-mark,)m 1957(o)s 3(v)k 3(erstrik)k 2(e,)k
3028(and)s 3450(k)s 2(erning)k 4249(measure)s 5118(the)s
5484(length)s 6156(from)s 6698(the)s 7063(last)s 7471(mark)s
8041(of)s 8329(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 2207(object)m 648(to)s
892(the)s 1245(\207rst)s 1680(mark)s 2237(of)s 2513(the)s
2865(second.)s 3699(In)s 3960(the)s 4312(case)s 4784(of)s
5060(mark-to-mark,)s 6497(if)s 6719(the)s 7072(length)s 7731(is)s
7946(too)s 8310(small)s 8887(to)s 0 1919(pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k
771(the)s 1123(objects)s 1855(almost)s 2556(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlapping,)k
3804(it)s 4000(is)s 4214(widened)s 5087(until)s 5584(the)s 3(y)k
6051(no)s 6348(longer)s 7023(do.)s 7431(\(The)s 7942(e)s 3(xtra)k
240 fnt83 8480 1921(l/10)m 240 fnt82 8916 1919(is)m 0 1631(not)m
362(applied)s 1119(when)s 1690(plain)s 2220(te)s 3(xt)k
2630(output)s 3298(is)s 3503(in)s 3741(ef)s 6(fect.\))k
4520(K)s 6(erning)k 5346(also)s 5780(widens,)s 6560(with)s
7037(the)s 7380(aim)s 7793(of)s 8059(pre)s 6(v)k 3(enting)k
0 1343(the)m 372(mark)s 948(of)s 1243(either)s 1870(object)s
2539(from)s 3087(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlapping)k 4301(the)s
4673(other)s 5248(object;)s 5969(this)s 6389(mode)s 7001(is)s
7235(used)s 7756(for)s 8119(subscripts)s 0 1055(and)m 404(superscripts.)s
558 681(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k 1646(ignores)s 2419(the)s
2785(\207rst)s 3234(object)s 3896(and)s 4318(places)s 4984(the)s
5350(leading)s 6125(edge)s 6651(of)s 6940(the)s 7306(second)s
8047(object)s 8709(at)s 8960(a)s 0 393(distance)m 240 fnt83
842 395(l)m 240 fnt82 971 393(from)m 1498(the)s 1849(left)s
2229(edge)s 2740(of)s 3014(the)s 3365(whole)s 4009(concatenation)s
5397(object.)s 6148(It)s 6356(is)s 6569(the)s 6920(main)s
7458(user)s 7919(of)s 8193(the)s 220 fnt35 8544 390(b)m
240 fnt82 8722 393(and)m 220 fnt35 0 102(r)m 240 fnt82
141 105(units)m 666(of)s 945(measurement;)s 2340(for)s 2686(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 3609 102(|1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 3994 105(will)m
4429(right-justify)s 5631(the)s 5988(follo)s 6(wing)k 6973(component,)s
8153(and)s 220 fnt35 8566 102(|0.5r)m -8(t)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 38 44
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(38)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s gsave
0 13282 translate
240 fnt82 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 13368 translate
240 fnt82 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabhsp
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 13113 translate
240 fnt82 0 169 0 60 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 13027 translate
240 fnt82 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
gsave
170 13368 translate
240 fnt82 169 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabhs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 13116(c)m
gsave
339 13368 translate
240 fnt82 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabhs
grestore

grestore
gsave
509 13368 translate
240 fnt82 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabhs
grestore

grestore
gsave
679 13368 translate
240 fnt82 8217 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabhs
grestore

grestore
240 fnt82 679 13119(Centimetres.)m 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 8896 13368 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabhsp
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 13282 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 169 0 60 240 288 60 9066 13113 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 13027 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 12941 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 166 0 57 240 288 60 0 12775 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 12689 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 12775(i)m 240 fnt82
679 12778(Inches.)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12941 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 166 0 57 240 288 60 9066 12775 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 12689 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 12603 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 211 0 102 240 288 60 0 12392 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 12306 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 12437(p)m 240 fnt82 679 12440(Points)m
1328(\()s 220 fnt35 1401 12437(72p)m 240 fnt82 1819 12440(=)m
220 fnt35 2007 12437(1i)m 240 fnt82 2163 12440(\).)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12603 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 211 0 102 240 288 60 9066 12392 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 12306 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 12220 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 204 0 96 240 288 60 0 12016 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 11930 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35
170 12055(m)m 240 fnt82 679 12058(Ems)m 1155(\()s 220 fnt35
1228 12055(12m)m 240 fnt82 1701 12058(=)m 220 fnt35 1889 12055(1i)m
240 fnt82 2045 12058(\).)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12220 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 204 0 96 240 288 60 9066 12016 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 11930 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 11844 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 503 0 394 240 288 60 0 11341 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 11255 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 11678(f)m 240 fnt82
679 11681(One)m 220 fnt35 1123 11678(f)m 240 fnt82 1229 11681(equals)m
1879(the)s 2215(size)s 2631(of)s 2890(the)s 3226(current)s
3950(font,)s 4431(as)s 4669(speci\207ed)s 5565(by)s 5847(the)s
220 fnt35 6184 11678(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt82 6884 11681(symbol)m
7632(\(Section)s 8473(3.3\).)s 679 11393(This)m 1155(unit)s 1587(is)s
1797(appropriate)s 2941(for)s 3279(lengths)s 4021(that)s 4439(should)s
5136(change)s 5870(with)s 6352(the)s 6700(font)s 7145(size.)s
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 11844 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 503 0 394 240 288 60 9066 11341 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 11255 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 11169 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 503 0 394 240 288 60 0 10666 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 10580 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 11003(s)m 240 fnt82 679 11006(One)m 220 fnt35
1125 11003(s)m 240 fnt82 1279 11006(equals)m 1932(the)s 2271(preferred)s
3194(g)s 1(ap)k 3582(between)s 4427(tw)s 2(o)k
4828(w)s 2(ords)k 5453(in)s 5687(the)s 6025(current)s
6752(font,)s 7235(as)s 7476(speci\207ed)s 8375(in)s 8608(the)s
679 10718(de\207nition)m 1653(of)s 1924(the)s 2272(font,)s 2764(or)s
3023(by)s 3317(the)s 220 fnt35 3665 10715(@Space)m 240 fnt82
4562 10718(symbol)m 5322(\(Section)s 6175(3.4\).)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 11169 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 503 0 394 240 288 60 9066 10666 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 10580 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 10494 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 791 0 682 240 288 60 0 9703 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 9617 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 10328(v)m
240 fnt82 679 10331(One)m 220 fnt35 1149 10328(v)m 240 fnt82
1334 10331(equals)m 2011(the)s 2375(current)s 3126(g)s 1(ap)k
3540(between)s 4410(lines)s 4927(introduced)s 6024(during)s 6717(paragraph)s
7746(breaking,)s 8706(as)s 679 10043(speci\207ed)m 1574(by)s 1854(the)s
220 fnt35 2188 10040(@Break)m 240 fnt82 3030 10043(symbol)m 3777(\(Section)s
4616(3.4\).)s 5145(This)s 5607(unit)s 6026(is)s 6222(appropriate)s
7352(for)s 7676(lengths,)s 8460(such)s 679 9755(as)m 929(the)s
1277(spaces)s 1952(between)s 2806(paragraphs,)s 3962(which)s 4604(should)s
5301(change)s 6035(with)s 6517(the)s 6865(inter)s 4(-line)k
7791(g)s 1(ap.)k 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 10494 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 791 0 682 240 288 60 9066 9703 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 9617 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 9531 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 454 0 345 240 288 60 0 9077 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 8991 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 9365(w)m 240 fnt82
679 9368(One)m 220 fnt35 1167 9365(w)m 240 fnt82 1416 9368(equals)m
2111(the)s 2493(width)s 3128(of)s 3432(the)s 3813(follo)s 6(wing)k
4824(component,)s 6028(or)s 6320(its)s 6629(height)s 7321(if)s
7571(the)s 7952(symbol)s 8746(is)s 679 9080(v)m 3(ertical)k
1446(concatenation.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 9531 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 454 0 345 240 288 60 9066 9077 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 8991 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 8905 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 454 0 345 240 288 60 0 8451 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 8365 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 8739(b)m 240 fnt82 679 8742(One)m
220 fnt35 1133 8739(b)m 240 fnt82 1305 8742(equals)m 1965(the)s
2311(width)s 2912(of)s 3181(the)s 3527(whole)s 4166(concatenation)s
5550(object,)s 6239(or)s 6496(its)s 6770(height)s 7427(if)s
7642(the)s 7988(symbol)s 8746(is)s 679 8454(v)m 3(ertical)k
1446(concatenation.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 8905 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 454 0 345 240 288 60 9066 8451 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 8365 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 8279 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 503 0 394 240 288 60 0 7776 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 7690 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 8113(r)m 240 fnt82 679 8116(One)m
220 fnt35 1176 8113(r)m 240 fnt82 1352 8116(equals)m 2057(one)s
220 fnt35 2502 8113(b)m 240 fnt82 2718 8116(minus)m 3397(one)s
220 fnt35 3842 8113(w)m 240 fnt82 3998 8116(.)m 4205(This)s
4723(unit)s 5198(is)s 5451(used)s 5991(for)s 6371(centring,)s
7304(and)s 7751(for)s 8132(left)s 8552(and)s 679 7828(right)m
1190(justi\207cation.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 8279 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 503 0 394 240 288 60 9066 7776 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 7690 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 7604 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 7389 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 7303 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 7438(d)m 240 fnt82 679 7441(De)m 3(grees.)k
1623(This)s 2099(unit)s 2531(may)s 2997(only)s 3477(be)s
3759(used)s 4256(with)s 4738(the)s 220 fnt35 5086 7438(@Rotate)m
240 fnt82 6007 7441(symbol.)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 7604 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 215 0 106 240 288 60 9066 7389 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 7303 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 7217 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 504 0 394 240 288 60 0 6713 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 6627 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 7050(y)m 240 fnt82
679 7053(One)m 220 fnt35 1129 7050(y)m 240 fnt82 1292 7053(equals)m
1949(the)s 2292(current)s 3023(v)s 6(alue)k 3586(set)s
3906(by)s 4195(the)s 220 fnt35 4538 7050(@YUnit)m 240 fnt82
5347 7053(symbol)m 6102(\(Section)s 6950(3.6\).)s 7488(This)s 7959(unit)s
8386(is)s 8590(not)s 679 6765(used)m 1176(internally)s 2145(by)s
2439(Lout;)s 3003(it)s 3195(is)s 3405(included)s 4287(for)s
4625(the)s 4973(con)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k 6213(of)s
6484(application)s 7603(packages.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 7217 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 504 0 394 240 288 60 9066 6713 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 6627 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 6541 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 504 0 394 240 288 60 0 6037 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 5951 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
170 0 0 0 240 288 60 0 5951 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabhsp
grestore

grestore
220 fnt35 170 6374(z)m gsave
170 5951 translate
240 fnt82 169 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabhs
grestore

grestore
gsave
339 5951 translate
240 fnt82 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabhs
grestore

grestore
gsave
509 5951 translate
240 fnt82 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
0.5 pt ltabhs
grestore

grestore
240 fnt82
679 6377(One)m 220 fnt35 1130 6374(z)m 240 fnt82 1290 6377(equals)m
1948(the)s 2292(current)s 3024(v)s 6(alue)k 3588(set)s
3909(by)s 4199(the)s 220 fnt35 4543 6374(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt82
5341 6377(symbol)m 6097(\(Section)s 6946(3.6\).)s 7485(This)s 7957(unit)s
8385(is)s 8590(not)s 679 6089(used)m 1176(internally)s 2145(by)s
2439(Lout;)s 3003(it)s 3195(is)s 3405(included)s 4287(for)s
4625(the)s 4973(con)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k 6213(of)s
6484(application)s 7603(packages.)s 8217 0 0 0 240 288 60 679 5951 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabhs
grestore

grestore
170 0 0 0 240 288 60 8896 5951 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabhsp
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 6541 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 504 0 394 240 288 60 9066 6037 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 5951 LoutGr2
0.5 pt ltabvs
grestore

grestore
200 fnt84 1938 5388(Figur)m 3(e)k
2546(3.1.)s 200 fnt82 2938 5389(The)m 3294(thirteen)s 3948(units)s
4377(of)s 4603(measurement)s 5713(pro)s 3(vided)k 6468(by)s
6713(Lout.)s 240 fnt82 0 4758(will)m 426(centre)s 1065(it.)s
480 4384(The)m 914(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt35 1488 4381(|0r)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 1871 4384(separating)m 2913(the)s 3267(\207rst)s 3704(and)s
4115(second)s 4844(items)s 5418(in)s 5667(a)s 5840(sequence)s
6779(of)s 7056(horizontally)s 8272(concate)s 8998(-)s 0 4096(nated)m
572(objects)s 1296(is)s 1502(some)s 6(what)k 2522(special)s
3236(in)s 3475(that)s 3889(it)s 4077(denotes)s 4855(left)s
5228(justi\207cation)s 6409(of)s 6676(the)s 7020(object)s 7660(to)s
7895(its)s 8167(left)s 8540(in)s 8778(the)s 0 3808(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
902(space.)s 1590(This)s 2059(is)s 2262(identical)s 3132(with)s
220 fnt35 3607 3805(|0ie)m 240 fnt82 4001 3808(when)m 4570(the)s
4911(object)s 5548(to)s 5780(the)s 6121(left)s 6491(also)s
6922(has)s 7285(the)s 7626(principal)s 8523(mark;)s 0 3520(b)m 4(ut)k
354(when)s 922(it)s 1105(does)s 1587(not,)s 220 fnt35
1991 3517(|0r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 2360 3520(will)m 2777(cause)s
3356(the)s 3695(object)s 4331(to)s 4561(the)s 4901(left)s
5269(to)s 5500(appear)s 6188(further)s 6889(to)s 7119(the)s
7459(left)s 7827(than)s 8288(it)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k
0 3232(otherwise)m 985(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1486(done,)s
2059(if)s 2276(space)s 2863(to)s 3102(do)s 3395(so)s
3661(is)s 3871(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable.)k 480 2858(A)m
744(g)s 1(ap)k 1177(is)s 1421(optionally)s 2480(concluded)s
3557(with)s 4073(an)s 4391(indication)s 5439(of)s 5744(unbreakability)s 15(,)k
7252(which)s 7929(is)s 8173(a)s 8374(letter)s 220 fnt35
8958 2855(u)m 240 fnt82 0 2570(appended)m 976(to)s 1215(the)s
1563(g)s 1(ap.)k 2072(A)s 2303(paragraph)s 3316(will)s
3742(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 4324(be)s 4607(brok)s 2(en)k
5327(at)s 5559(an)s 5842(unbreakable)s 7068(g)s 1(ap,)k
7520(nor)s 7899(will)s 8325(a)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
0 2282(be)m 293(brok)s 2(en)k 1025(across)s 1684(tw)s 2(o)k
2106(tar)s 4(gets)k 2800(at)s 3044(such)s 3551(a)s
3729(g)s 1(ap.)k 4249(Basser)s 4958(Lout')s 13(s)k
5631(implementation)s 7200(is)s 7421(slightly)s 8204(defecti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
0 1994(in)m 242(that)s 659(it)s 849(ignores)s 1603(an)s 3(y)k
1999(unbreakable)s 3222(indication)s 4234(in)s 4476(the)s 4822(g)s 1(ap)k
5219(separating)s 6253(the)s 6599(\207rst)s 7029(component)s 8151(promoted)s
0 1706(into)m 425(an)s 3(y)k 822(tar)s 4(get)k
1421(from)s 1945(the)s 2293(second.)s 480 1332(When)m 1111(tw)s 2(o)k
1523(objects)s 2254(are)s 2603(separated)s 3566(only)s 4048(by)s
4345(zero)s 4811(or)s 5072(more)s 5622(white)s 6211(space)s
6801(characters)s 7821(\(spaces,)s 8634(tabs,)s 0 1044(ne)m 6(wlines,)k
983(and)s 1420(formfeeds\),)s 2607(Lout)s 3152(inserts)s 220 fnt35
3859 1041(&)m 240 fnt83 4001 1046(k)m 220 fnt35 4111 1041(s)m
240 fnt82 4307 1044(between)m 5194(the)s 5575(tw)s 2(o)k
6018(objects,)s 6835(where)s 240 fnt83 7508 1046(k)m 240 fnt82
7711 1044(is)m 7954(the)s 8335(number)s 0 756(of)m 291(spaces.)s
1100(Precisely)s 15(,)k 240 fnt83 2087 758(k)m 240 fnt82
2278 756(is)m 2509(determined)s 3662(by)s 3977(discarding)s 5047(all)s
5360(space)s 5968(characters)s 7007(and)s 7431(tabs)s 7888(that)s
8327(precede)s 0 468(ne)m 6(wlines)k 903(\(these)s 1537(are)s
1892(in)s 9(visible)k 2771(so)s 3045(are)s 3400(better)s
4012(ignored\),)s 4937(then)s 5414(counting)s 6313(1)s 6477(for)s
6823(each)s 7326(ne)s 6(wline,)k 8193(formfeed)s 0 180(or)m
259(space,)s 897(and)s 1301(8)s 1468(for)s 1806(each)s
2301(tab)s 2646(character)s 13(.)k 3671(The)s 4099(g)s 1(ap)k
4497(will)s 4923(be)s 5205(unbreakable)s 6430(if)s 240 fnt83
6647 182(k)m 240 fnt82 6817 180(is)m 7027(zero.)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 39 45
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.2.)m 454(Concatenation)s 1918(symbols)s 2744(and)s
3170(par)s 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k 240 fnt84
8832 13840(39)m gsave
1450 5884 translate
240 fnt82 6166 7484 0 7484 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
0 6710(Edge-to-edge)m 220 fnt35 1786 6707(|)m 240 fnt83
1843 6712(l)m 220 fnt35 1929 6707(e)m 240 fnt82 0 5558(Hyphenation)m
220 fnt35 1786 5555(|)m 240 fnt83 1843 5560(l)m 220 fnt35
1929 5555(h)m 240 fnt82 0 4406(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k
220 fnt35 1786 4403(|)m 240 fnt83 1843 4408(l)m 220 fnt35
1929 4403(o)m 240 fnt82 0 3254(Mark-to-mark)m 220 fnt35 1786 3251(|)m
240 fnt83 1843 3256(l)m 220 fnt35 1929 3251(x)m 240 fnt82
0 2102(K)m 6(erning)k 220 fnt35 1786 2099(|)m 240 fnt83
1843 2104(l)m 220 fnt35 1929 2099(k)m 240 fnt82 0 950(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k
220 fnt35 1786 947(|)m 240 fnt83 1843 952(l)m 220 fnt35
1929 947(t)m gsave
2764 0 translate
240 fnt82 3402 7484 0 7484 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave

0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
gsave
567 6748 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 6634 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 6748 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 6634 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2267 6658 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
1247 6658 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
1247 6658 translate
180 fnt82 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
1247 6658 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
180 fnt83 1732 6455(l)m gsave
567 5596 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 5482 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 5596 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 5482 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2267 5506 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
1247 5506 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
1247 5506 translate
180 fnt82 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
1247 5506 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
1732 5303(l)m gsave
567 4444 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 4330 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 4444 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 4330 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 4297 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
680 4297 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
680 4297 translate
180 fnt82 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 4297 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
1590 4095(l)m
gsave
567 3242 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 3128 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 3242 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 3128 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 3095 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
680 3095 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
680 3095 translate
180 fnt82 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 3095 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
180 fnt82 975 2892(max\()m 180 fnt83 1383 2893(l,)m 1503(a+b+l/10)s
180 fnt82 2205 2892(\))m gsave
1247 3719 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
68 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
567 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
68 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
680 3719 translate
30.0000 rotate
68 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 3719 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 3719 translate
-30.0000 rotate
68 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
180 fnt83 920 3787(a)m gsave
2551 3719 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 3719 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 3719 translate
180 fnt82 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 3719 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
2366 3743(b)m
gsave
567 2090 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 1976 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 2090 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 1976 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 1943 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
680 1943 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
680 1943 translate
180 fnt82 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 1943 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
180 fnt82 1203 1740(max\()m 180 fnt83 1611 1741(l,)m 1731(a,)s
1891(b)s 180 fnt82 1977 1740(\))m gsave
1247 2567 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
68 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
567 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
68 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
680 2567 translate
30.0000 rotate
68 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 2567 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 2567 translate
-30.0000 rotate
68 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
180 fnt83 920 2635(a)m
gsave
2551 2567 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 2567 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 2567 translate
180 fnt82 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 2567 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
2366 2591(b)m gsave
567 938 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
680 824 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 938 translate
180 fnt82 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2551 824 translate
180 fnt82 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
2268 734 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 2268 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 734 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 734 translate
180 fnt82 2268 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 734 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
1587 532(l)m gsave
3402 234 translate
180.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 3402 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 0 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 234 translate
30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
gsave
0 234 translate
180 fnt82 3402 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
gsave
0 234 translate
-30.0000 rotate
gsave
0 0 translate
180 fnt82 68 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore
1189 23(curr)m 6(ent)k 1759(bound)s

grestore
end end restore
grestore
200 fnt84 2562 5321(Figur)m 3(e)k 3170(3.2.)s 200 fnt82
3562 5322(The)m 3918(six)s 4196(g)s 1(ap)k 4527(modes)s
5089(pro)s 3(vided)k 5844(by)s 6089(Lout.)s 240 fnt82
480 4689(A)m 724(sequence)s 1672(of)s 1958(tw)s 2(o)k
2383(or)s 2657(more)s 3219(objects)s 3962(separated)s 4936(by)s
220 fnt35 5245 4686(&)m 240 fnt82 5462 4689(symbols)m 6326(is)s
6551(a)s 240 fnt83 6732 4691(par)m 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aph)k
240 fnt82 7745 4689(.)m 7924(Lout)s 8451(breaks)s 0 4401(paragraphs)m
1100(into)s 1526(lines)s 2029(automatically)s 3384(as)s 3635(required,)s
4539(by)s 4834(con)s 9(v)k 3(erting)k 5898(some)s
6460(of)s 6732(the)s 220 fnt35 7081 4398(&)m 240 fnt82
7284 4401(symbols)m 8134(into)s 220 fnt35 8560 4398(//1vx)m 240 fnt82
9022 4401(.)m 0 4113(Unbreakable)m 1279(g)s 1(aps)k 1769(are)s
2117(not)s 2485(eligible)s 3258(for)s 3597(this)s 3995(con)s 9(v)k 3(ersion.)k
5198(`Optimal')s 6173(line)s 6588(breaks)s 7265(are)s 7613(chosen,)s
8386(using)s 8960(a)s 0 3825(method)m 776(adapted)s 1578(from)s
2102(T)s 2198 3777(E)m 2306 3825(X)m 2535([5)s 2720(].)s
480 3451(If)m 735(an)s 220 fnt35 1043 3448(&)m 240 fnt82
1271 3451(symbol)m 2056(whose)s 2750(g)s 1(ap)k 3173(has)s
3568(h)s 1(yphenation)k 4834(mode)s 5447(is)s 5683(chosen)s
6430(for)s 6793(replacement)s 8046(by)s 220 fnt35 8365 3448(//1vx)m
240 fnt82 8827 3451(,)m 8960(a)s 0 3163(h)m 1(yphen)k
755(will)s 1174(be)s 1448(appended)s 2417(to)s 2649(the)s
2989(preceding)s 3978(object,)s 4661(unless)s 5303(that)s 5714(object)s
6350(is)s 6553(a)s 6712(w)s 2(ord)k 7252(which)s
7887(already)s 8636(ends)s 0 2875(with)m 482(a)s 648(h)s 1(yphen.)k
1517(F)s 3(or)k 1906(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35
480 2378(Long)m 1017(w)s 2(ords)k 1654(ma)s 6(y)k
2122(be)s 2419(h)s 6(yph &0ih enat &0ih ed.)k 240 fnt82 0 1879(could)m
590(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1091(the)s 1439(follo)s 6(wing)k
2416(result,)s 3053(depending)s 4104(where)s 4744(the)s 5092(line)s
5506(breaks)s 6181(f)s 2(all:)k 480 1376(Long)m 1038(w)s 2(ords)k
1670(may)s 2135(be)s 2415(h)s 1(yphenat)k 3292(-)s
480 1088(ed.)m 0 635(Basser)m 702(Lout)s 1219(inserts)s 1898(h)s 1(yphenation)k
3143(g)s 1(aps)k 3637(automatically)s 4996(as)s 5251(required,)s
6159(ag)s 1(ain)k 6738(follo)s 6(wing)k 7720(the)s
8073(method)s 8855(of)s 0 347(T)m 96 299(E)m 204 347(X)m
373(,)s 479(which)s 1120(approximates)s 2458(the)s 2804(h)s 1(yphenations)k
4130(in)s 4372(W)s 19(ebster')k 13(s)k 5358(dictionary)s 15(.)k
6474(T)s 19(o)k 6773(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k
7540(the)s 7886(h)s 1(yphenation)k 0 59(of)m 268(a)s
430(single)s 1053(w)s 2(ord,)k 1646(enclose)s 2416(it)s
2604(in)s 2843(quotes.)s 3628(Further)s 4387(control)s 5116(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
5591(paragraph)s 6600(breaking)s 7486(and)s 7886(h)s 1(yphenation)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 40 46
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Times-BoldItalic
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-BoldItalic
/Times-BoldItalicfnt85 vec2 /Times-BoldItalic LoutRecode
/fnt85 { /Times-BoldItalicfnt85 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(40)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt82 0 13203(is)m
210(pro)s 3(vided)k 1116(by)s 1410(the)s 220 fnt35
1758 13200(@Break)m 240 fnt82 2614 13203(and)m 220 fnt35 3018 13200(@Space)m
240 fnt82 3915 13203(symbols)m 4764(\(Sections)s 5704(3.4)s 6058(and)s
6462(3.5\).)s 240 fnt84 0 12410(3.3.)m 471(@F)s 6(ont)k
1226(and)s 1667(@Char)s 240 fnt82 480 11978(A)m 240 fnt83
728 11980(font)m 240 fnt82 1182 11978(is)m 1410(a)s 1594(collection)s
2611(of)s 2900(characters)s 3936(which)s 4596(may)s 5080(be)s
5380(printed.)s 6239(Man)s 3(y)k 6867(fonts)s 7414(come)s
8006(in)s 240 fnt83 8268 11980(families)m 240 fnt82 9019 11978(,)m
0 11690(which)m 634(are)s 973(groups)s 1667(of)s 1930(fonts)s
2450(that)s 2860(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3352(been)s
3853(designed)s 4754(to)s 4984(go)s 5269(together)s 13(.)k
6194(F)s 3(or)k 6575(e)s 3(xample,)k 7480(the)s
7820(T)s 8(imes)k 8451(f)s 2(amily)k 0 11402(includes)m
848(the)s 1196(follo)s 6(wing)k 2173(fonts:)s 480 10899(T)m 8(imes)k
1120(Base)s 240 fnt83 480 10613(T)m 13(imes)k 1093(Slope)s
240 fnt84 480 10322(T)m 4(imes)k 1154(Bold)s 240 fnt85
480 10034(T)m 8(imes)k 1116(BoldSlope)s 240 fnt82 0 9532(Thus,)m
586(each)s 1080(font)s 1524(has)s 1893(tw)s 2(o)k
2303(names:)s 3019(its)s 240 fnt83 3294 9534(family)m 3946(name)s
240 fnt82 4518 9532(\(T)m 8(imes,)k 5292(Helv)s 3(etica,)k
6310(etc.\))s 6775(and)s 7179(its)s 240 fnt83 7454 9534(face)m
7904(name)s 240 fnt82 8475 9532(\(Base,)m 0 9244(Slope,)m 682(etc.\).)s
1294(T)s 8(imes)k 1964(Base)s 2516(is)s 2756(more)s
3334(commonly)s 4443(called)s 5101(T)s 8(imes)k 5772(Roman,)s
6601(and)s 7036(T)s 8(imes)k 7706(Slope)s 8338(is)s
8579(more)s 0 8956(commonly)m 1085(called)s 1720(T)s 8(imes)k
2367(Italic.)s 3027(Lout)s 3547(a)s 4(v)k 4(oids)k
4222(these)s 4776(names)s 5445(in)s 5695(f)s 2(a)k 4(v)k 4(our)k
6377(of)s 6655(generic)s 7418(names)s 8087(which)s 8737(can)s
0 8668(be)m 282(applied)s 1044(to)s 1283(man)s 3(y)k
1866(font)s 2311(f)s 2(amilies.)k 480 8294(Lig)m 1(atures,)k
1488(such)s 1984(as)s 2234(\210)s 2420(for)s 2758(f)s
2849(l)s 2970(and)s 3375(\207)s 3560(for)s 3898(f)s
3989(i,)s 4163(are)s 4510(considered)s 5604(by)s 5899(Basser)s
6596(Lout)s 7108(to)s 7348(be)s 7630(an)s 7913(inte)s 3(gral)k
8695(part)s 0 8006(of)m 257(the)s 591(font:)s 1128(if)s
1331(the)s 1665(font)s 2096(de\207nition)s 3056(\(see)s 3482(belo)s 6(w\))k
4175(mentions)s 5089(them,)s 5660(the)s 3(y)k 6109(will)s
6521(be)s 6789(used.)s 7378(Similarly)s 15(,)k 8344(k)s 2(erning)k
0 7718(\(\207ne)m 510(adjustment)s 1636(of)s 1924(the)s 2289(space)s
2893(between)s 3764(adjacent)s 4637(characters)s 5672(to)s 5928(impro)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
6792(the)s 7157(appearance\))s 8377(is)s 8604(done)s 0 7430(whene)m 6(v)k 3(er)k
988(indicated)s 1929(in)s 2179(the)s 2535(font)s 2987(de\207nition.)s
4075(Enclosing)s 5092(one)s 5502(of)s 5780(the)s 6135(letters)s
6775(in)s 220 fnt35 7026 7427(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 8045 7430(is)m
8262(one)s 8672(sure)s 0 7142(w)m 2(ay)k 451(to)s
690(disable)s 1423(a)s 1589(lig)s 1(ature)k 2373(or)s
2632(k)s 2(ern.)k 480 6768(The)m 220 fnt35 908 6765(@F)m 6(ont)k
240 fnt82 1620 6768(symbol)m 2380(returns)s 3094(its)s 3370(right)s
3881(parameter)s 4895(in)s 5138(a)s 5304(font)s 5749(and)s
6153(size)s 6580(speci\207ed)s 7488(by)s 7782(its)s 8058(left:)s
220 fnt35 480 6260({ )m 11(Times Base 12p } @F)k 6(ont)k 240 fnt83
3155 6265(object)m 240 fnt82 0 5764(The)m 417(f)s 2(amily)k
1080(and)s 1473(f)s 2(ace)k 1912(names)s 2563(must)s
3076(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3565(appeared)s 4475(together)s
5306(in)s 5538(a)s 220 fnt35 5692 5761(f)m 6(ontdef)k
240 fnt82 6354 5764(;)m 6454(the)s 6791(size)s 7206(is)s
7405(arbitrary)s 8268(and)s 8660(may)s 0 5476(be)m 283(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
865(in)s 1109(an)s 3(y)k 1508(one)s 1911(of)s
2184(the)s 220 fnt35 2533 5473(c)m 240 fnt82 2638 5476(,)m
220 fnt35 2747 5473(i)m 240 fnt82 2781 5476(,)m 220 fnt35
2889 5473(p)m 240 fnt82 3003 5476(,)m 220 fnt35 3112 5473(m)m
240 fnt82 3281 5476(,)m 220 fnt35 3389 5473(f)m 240 fnt82
3447 5476(,)m 220 fnt35 3556 5473(s)m 240 fnt82 3659 5476(,)m
3767(and)s 220 fnt35 4173 5473(v)m 240 fnt82 4343 5476(units)m
4861(of)s 5133(measurement)s 6469(\(Section)s 7323(3.2\),)s 7811(although)s
220 fnt35 8708 5473(10p)m 240 fnt82 0 5188(and)m 220 fnt35
407 5185(12p)m 240 fnt82 828 5188(are)m 1178(the)s 1530(most)s
2058(common)s 2956(sizes)s 3475(for)s 3816(te)s 3(xt.)k
4338(There)s 4954(may)s 5424(be)s 5709(empty)s 6364(objects)s
7096(and)s 220 fnt35 7503 5185(@Null)m 240 fnt82 8151 5188(objects)m
8883(in)s 0 4900(the)m 348(left)s 725(parameter)s 1739(of)s
220 fnt35 2010 4897(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt82 2662 4900(;)m
2774(these)s 3321(are)s 3668(ignored.)s 480 4526(When)m 1114(a)s
220 fnt35 1286 4523(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt82 2004 4526(symbol)m
2769(is)s 2985(nested)s 3660(inside)s 4293(the)s 4646(right)s
5163(parameter)s 6183(of)s 6459(another)s 220 fnt35 7242 4523(@F)m 6(ont)k
240 fnt82 7960 4526(symbol,)m 8778(the)s 0 4238(inner)m 555(one)s
961(determines)s 2065(the)s 2417(font)s 2867(of)s 3142(its)s
3423(o)s 6(wn)k 3891(right)s 4406(parameter)s 13(.)k
5516(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
6480(it)s 6677(may)s 7147(be)s 7434(abbre)s 6(viated)k
8605(so)s 8876(as)s 0 3950(to)m 239(inherit)s 922(part)s
1353(of)s 1624(the)s 1972(outer)s 2523(symbol:)s 220 fnt35
480 3449({ )m 11(Times Base 12p } @F)k 6(ont)k 480 3161({ hello)m 8(, Slope @F)k 6(ont hello)k 8(, 15p @F)k 6(ont hello })k
240 fnt82 0 2665(has)m 370(result)s 480 2184(hello,)m 240 fnt83
1065 2186(hello,)m 300 fnt82 1636 2171(hello)m 240 fnt82 0 1700(The)m
457(\207rst)s 918(inner)s 220 fnt35 1498 1697(@F)m 6(ont)k
240 fnt82 2240 1700(inherits)m 3037(the)s 3414(outer)s 3995(f)s 2(amily)k
4699(and)s 5133(size,)s 5641(changing)s 6601(only)s 7111(the)s
7488(f)s 2(ace;)k 8025(the)s 8403(second)s 0 1412(inherits)m
754(the)s 1089(outer)s 1627(f)s 2(amily)k 2289(and)s
2680(f)s 2(ace.)k 3225(When)s 3841(a)s 3994(f)s 2(amily)k
4656(name)s 5217(is)s 5413(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k
6030(it)s 6209(must)s 6721(be)s 6990(follo)s 6(wed)k
7878(immediately)s 0 1124(by)m 294(a)s 460(f)s 2(ace)k
911(name.)s 1593(A)s 1823(size)s 2250(change)s 2984(may)s
3450(appear)s 4147(\207rst)s 4578(or)s 4837(last.)s 480 750(Sizes)m
1035(of)s 1307(the)s 1656(form)s 2180(+)s 240 fnt83
2308 752(length)m 240 fnt82 2962 750(and)m 3367(\211)s 240 fnt83
3487 752(length)m 240 fnt82 4140 750(may)m 4607(also)s 5046(be)s
5328(used,)s 5875(meaning)s 6753(that)s 7171(the)s 7520(font)s
7966(size)s 8393(is)s 8604(to)s 8844(be)s 240 fnt83
0 464(length)m 240 fnt82 649 462(lar)m 4(ger)k 1257(or)s
1512(smaller)s 2269(than)s 2734(the)s 3078(inherited)s 3981(v)s 6(alue.)k
4652(F)s 3(or)k 5037(e)s 3(xample,)k 5947(\211)s
220 fnt35 6067 459(2p)m 240 fnt82 6359 462(is)m 6564(often)s
7108(used)s 7601(for)s 7934(superscripts)s 0 174(and)m 407(subscripts.)s
1530(These)s 2161(forms)s 2772(are)s 3123(highly)s 3792(recommended,)s
5257(since)s 5808(the)s 3(y)k 6274(don')s 4(t)k
6839(need)s 7352(to)s 7594(be)s 7880(changed)s 8739(if)s
8960(a)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 41 47
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.3.)m 454(@F)s 25(ont)k 1165(and)s
1591(@Char)s 240 fnt84 8839 13840(41)m 240 fnt82 0 13250(decision)m
854(is)s 1064(made)s 1638(to)s 1877(alter)s 2360(the)s
2708(font)s 3153(size)s 3580(of)s 3851(the)s 4199(document)s
5203(as)s 5453(a)s 5619(whole.)s 480 12876(The)m 220 fnt35
908 12873(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt82 1620 12876(symbol)m 2380(also)s
2818(switches)s 3692(to)s 3931(and)s 4335(from)s 4859(small)s
5431(capitals:)s 220 fnt35 480 12375(smallcaps @F)m 6(ont ...)k 480 12087(nosmallcaps @F)m 6(ont ...)k
240 fnt82 0 11591(These)m 639(may)s 1118(be)s 1412(nested,)s
2143(and)s 2559(the)s 3(y)k 3035(cooperate)s 4033(with)s
4527(other)s 5091(font)s 5548(changes.)s 6496(The)s 6936(precise)s
7681(ef)s 6(fect)k 8290(depends)s 0 11303(on)m 293(the)s
637(font)s 1078(\(see)s 1514(belo)s 6(w\).)k 2331(There)s
2940(is)s 3146(a)s 3308(def)s 2(ault)k 4024(v)s 6(alue)k
4588(\()s 220 fnt35 4661 11300(nosmallcaps)m 240 fnt82 5873 11303(\),)m
6055(so)s 6317(it)s 6504(is)s 6710(not)s 7072(necessary)s
8051(to)s 8285(mention)s 0 11015(this)m 396(attrib)s 4(ute)k
1243(when)s 1819(gi)s 6(ving)k 2478(an)s 2761(initial)s
3372(font.)s 480 10641(There)m 1080(are)s 1413(tw)s 2(o)k
1810(prede\207ned)s 2864(symbols,)s 220 fnt35 3756 10638(@CurrF)m 11(amily)k
240 fnt82 5083 10641(and)m 220 fnt35 5474 10638(@CurrF)m 11(ace)k
240 fnt82 6592 10641(,)m 6685(which)s 7314(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k
8499(return)s 0 10353(the)m 337(f)s 2(amily)k 1000(and)s
1392(f)s 2(ace)k 1831(names)s 2482(of)s 2741(the)s
3077(current)s 3801(font.)s 4339(F)s 3(or)k 4716(e)s 3(xample,)k
5618(right)s 6117(no)s 6(w)k 220 fnt35 6567 10350(@CurrF)m 11(amily)k
240 fnt82 7896 10353(is)m 8094(T)s 8(imes)k 8722(and)s
220 fnt35 0 10062(@CurrF)m 11(ace)k 240 fnt82 1178 10065(is)m
1388(Base.)s 480 9691(When)m 1109(Lout)s 1621(runs,)s 2140(the)s
2488(\207rst)s 2919(thing)s 3464(it)s 3656(reads)s 4211(is)s
4421(a)s 4587(list)s 4938(of)s 5209(font)s 5654(de\207nitions,)s
6771(lik)s 2(e)k 7183(these:)s 220 fnt35 480 9183(f)m 6(ontdef  )k 11(Times  Base   {)k
240 fnt83 2842 9188(implementation-dependent)m 220 fnt35 5517 9183(})m 480 8895(f)m 6(ontdef  )k 11(Times  Slope  {)k
240 fnt83 2841 8900(implementation-dependent)m 220 fnt35 5516 8895(})m 240 fnt82
0 8399(Each)m 552(line)s 983(tells)s 1449(Lout)s 1978(of)s
2267(the)s 2632(e)s 3(xistence)k 3591(of)s 3880(a)s
4063(font,)s 4573(and)s 4994(assigns)s 5754(it)s 5963(a)s
6146(f)s 2(amily)k 6839(name)s 7430(and)s 7852(a)s
8035(f)s 2(ace)k 8504(name.)s 0 8111(There)m 617(are)s
969(a)s 1140(fe)s 6(w)k 1551(fonts)s 2085(which)s
2732(are)s 3084(the)s 3437(only)s 3921(members)s 4853(of)s
5129(their)s 5631(f)s 2(amilies;)k 6514(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
7019(though)s 7747(these)s 8299(fonts)s 8833(do)s 0 7823(not)m
357(need)s 857(a)s 1013(f)s 2(ace)k 1455(name,)s
2070(the)s 3(y)k 2523(must)s 3039(be)s 3311(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
3881(one)s 4274(by)s 4558(their)s 220 fnt35 5045 7820(f)m 6(ontdef)k
240 fnt82 5707 7823(.)m 5862(The)s 6280(part)s 6701(between)s
7546(braces)s 8197(may)s 8653(v)s 6(ary)k 0 7535(with)m
486(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1365(implementations)s 3013(of)s 3288(Lout;)s
3856(it)s 4052(is)s 4267(supposed)s 5221(to)s 5464(contain)s
6229(the)s 6581(information)s 7770(Lout)s 8286(needs)s 8887(to)s
0 7247(w)m 2(ork)k 551(with)s 1033(the)s 1381(font.)s
480 6873(In)m 735(Basser)s 1431(Lout)s 1941(V)s 26(ersion)k
2728(3,)s 2954(this)s 3348(implementation-dependent)s 5970(part)s 6400(consists)s
7206(of)s 7476(a)s 7641(PostScript)s 8681(font)s 0 6585(name,)m
635(an)s 928(Adobe)s 1634(font)s 2089(metrics)s 2852(\(formerly)s
3831(AFM\))s 4488(\207le)s 4859(whose)s 5538(F)s 3(ontName)k
6611(entry)s 7166(must)s 7702(agree)s 8285(with)s 8778(the)s
0 6297(PostScript)m 1034(font)s 1471(name)s 2037(just)s 2433(mentioned,)s
3542(the)s 3882(name)s 4448(of)s 4710(a)s 4868(Lout)s
5372(Character)s 6352(Mapping)s 7261(\(LCM\))s 7979(\207le,)s 8383(and)s
8778(the)s 0 6009(w)m 2(ord)k 220 fnt35 548 6006(Recode)m
240 fnt82 1356 6009(or)m 220 fnt35 1615 6006(NoRecode)m 240 fnt82
2643 6009(:)m 220 fnt35 480 5554(f)m 6(ontdef  )k 11(Times  Base  {  )k 11(Times-Roman  )k 11(Ti-Ro  LtLatin1.LCM  Recode })k
240 fnt82 0 5060(It)m 226(seems)s 883(to)s 1143(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
1666(become)s 2487(an)s 2792(in)s 9(v)k 6(ariable)k
3810(rule)s 4258(at)s 4512(Adobe)s 5228(Systems)s 6098(that)s
6538(the)s 6907(font)s 7374(name)s 7969(and)s 8395(the)s
8765(\207le)s 0 4772(name)m 591(should)s 1305(be)s 1605(the)s
1970(same,)s 2585(b)s 4(ut)k 2965(some)s 3543(operating)s
4517(systems)s 5342(do)s 5652(not)s 6036(permit)s 6736(such)s
7249(long)s 7746(\207le)s 8124(names,)s 8860(so)s 0 4484(Lout)m
526(does)s 1031(not)s 1411(use)s 1801(them.)s 2457(The)s
2900(\207les)s 3363(are)s 3725(searched)s 4633(for)s 4986(in)s
5243(standard)s 6126(places.)s 6901(Consult)s 7721(the)s 8084(PostScript)s
0 4196(Reference)m 1064(Manual)s 1891([1)s 2065(])s 2224(for)s
2603(general)s 3401(information)s 4627(about)s 5260(fonts)s 5830(and)s
6274(encoding)s 7246(v)s 3(ectors;)k 8086(brie\210y)s 15(,)k
8843(an)s 0 3908(8-bit)m 520(character)s 1464(code)s 240 fnt83
1981 3910(c)m 240 fnt82 2153 3908(in)m 2405(Lout')s 13(s)k
3077(input)s 3638(is)s 3858(mapped)s 4683(to)s 4932(the)s
5289(character)s 6233(in)s 6485(the)s 6843(Adobe)s 7547(font)s
8002(metrics)s 8765(\207le)s 0 3620(whose)m 677(name)s 1260(appears)s
2050(on)s 2356(the)s 2714(line)s 3137(labelled)s 240 fnt83
3960 3622(c)m 240 fnt82 4131 3620(in)m 4384(the)s 4741(LCM)s
5323(\207le.)s 5801(The)s 6239(LCM)s 6821(\207le)s 7191(also)s
7638(de\207nes)s 8377(v)s 6(arious)k 0 3332(character)m 4(-to-character)k
2162(mappings,)s 3215(such)s 3726(as)s 3991(upper)s 4(-case)k
5093(to)s 5347(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case,)k 6493(which)s
7150(are)s 7512(used)s 8024(for)s 8377(v)s 6(arious)k
0 3044(purposes,)m 947(such)s 1431(as)s 1669(the)s 2005(production)s
3087(of)s 3346(small)s 3906(capitals.)s 4787(If)s 5005(the)s
5341(w)s 2(ord)k 220 fnt35 5877 3041(NoRecode)m 240 fnt82
6953 3044(appears,)m 7778(Lout)s 8278(assumes)s 0 2756(that)m 428(the)s
786(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1376(encoding)s 2317(v)s 3(ector)k
2981(is)s 3201(already)s 3968(associated)s 5018(with)s 5510(this)s
5916(font)s 6371(in)s 6624(the)s 6982(PostScript)s 8035(interpreter)s 9(,)k
0 2468(and)m 404(optimizes)s 1384(its)s 1660(output)s 2332(accordingly)s 15(.)k
480 2094(If)m 723(there)s 1270(are)s 1630(tw)s 2(o)k
2054(font)s 2512(de\207nitions)s 3587(with)s 4083(the)s 4444(same)s
5005(f)s 2(amily)k 5693(and)s 6111(f)s 2(ace)k
6576(name,)s 7214(it)s 7420(is)s 7643(an)s 7940(error)s
8477(unless)s 0 1806(the)m 371(second)s 1117(one)s 1542(has)s
1936(the)s 2307(same)s 2877(font)s 3346(name)s 3943(and)s
4370(\207le)s 4755(name)s 5352(as)s 5625(the)s 5997(\207rst,)s
6498(in)s 6764(which)s 7430(case)s 7920(it)s 8135(is)s
8369(silently)s 0 1518(ignored.)m 902(A)s 1139(PostScript)s 2188(font)s
2640(name)s 3221(and)s 3632(\207le)s 4000(may)s 4474(appear)s
5178(in)s 5428(tw)s 2(o)k 5845(or)s 6111(more)s
6665(font)s 7117(de\207nitions,)s 8242(allo)s 6(wing)k 0 1230(one)m
402(PostScript)s 1444(font)s 1889(to)s 2128(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
2629(tw)s 2(o)k 3039(or)s 3298(more)s 3845(equally)s
4603(v)s 6(alid)k 5133(Lout)s 5645(names,)s 6363(and)s
6767(dif)s 6(ferent)k 7642(LCM)s 8215(\207les.)s 480 856(The)m
220 fnt35 917 853(@Char)m 240 fnt82 1685 856(symbol)m 2454(allo)s 6(ws)k
3133(a)s 3309(character)s 4252(to)s 4501(be)s 4792(speci\207ed)s
5710(by)s 6014(its)s 6299(name)s 6883(\(its)s 7247(PostScript)s
8299(name)s 8883(in)s 0 568(Basser)m 697(Lout\))s 1277(rather)s
1893(than)s 2362(by)s 2656(its)s 2932(code:)s 220 fnt35
480 67(@Char  nine)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 42 48
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(42)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(is)m
215(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 1265(to)s 220 fnt35
1510 13202(9)m 240 fnt82 1689 13205(in)m 1938(most)s 2469(fonts.)s
3117(This)s 3599(is)s 3815(useful)s 4460(as)s 4716(a)s
4888(documentation)s 6373(aid)s 6729(and)s 7139(to)s 7384(be)s
7672(sure)s 8132(of)s 8409(getting)s 0 12917(the)m 347(right)s
856(character)s 1788(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2286(if)s
2501(the)s 2848(encoding)s 3777(v)s 3(ector)k 4429(of)s
4698(the)s 5044(font)s 5488(is)s 5696(changed.)s 6656(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k
220 fnt35 7576 12914(@Char)m 240 fnt82 8332 12917(will)m 8756(f)s 2(ail)k
0 12629(if)m 217(the)s 565(character)s 1499(named)s 2195(is)s
2405(not)s 2771(in)s 3014(the)s 3362(encoding)s 4293(v)s 3(ector)k
4947(of)s 5218(the)s 5566(current)s 6302(font.)s 240 fnt84
0 11836(3.4.)m 471(@Br)s 4(eak)k 240 fnt82 480 11404(The)m
220 fnt35 898 11401(@Break)m 240 fnt82 1744 11404(symbol)m 2493(in\210uences)s
3504(the)s 3842(appearance)s 4962(of)s 5223(paragraphs)s 6313(\(Section)s
7155(3.2\),)s 7631(of)s 6(fering)k 8437(a)s 8592(\207x)s 3(ed)k
0 11116(set)m 325(of)s 596(nine)s 1064(styles:)s 220 fnt35
1275 10608(adjust)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt83 2772 10613(object)m 240 fnt82
3600 10611(Break)m 4301(the)s 4718(paragraphs)s 5887(of)s 240 fnt83
6228 10613(object)m 240 fnt82 6945 10611(into)m 7439(lines,)s 8066(and)s
8540(apply)s 220 fnt35 3600 10320(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt82
4633 10323(\(Section)m 5511(3.16\))s 6084(to)s 6348(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k
6949(line)s 7388(e)s 3(xcept)k 8094(the)s 8467(last)s
8883(in)s 3600 10035(each)m 4095(paragraph;)s 220 fnt35 1128 9527(outdent)m
1916(@Break)s 240 fnt83 2772 9532(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 9530(Lik)m 2(e)k
220 fnt35 4122 9527(adjust)m 240 fnt82 4703 9530(,)m 4840(e)s 3(xcept)k
5551(that)s 220 fnt35 6000 9527(2.0f @Wide {} &0i)m 240 fnt82 7809 9530(is)m
8049(inserted)s 8894(at)s 3600 9242(the)m 3981(be)s 3(ginning)k
5022(of)s 5326(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5935(line)s
6382(e)s 3(xcept)k 7096(the)s 7477(\207rst,)s 7988(creating)s
8843(an)s 3600 8954(outdented)m 4602(paragraph;)s 220 fnt35 1187 8446(r)m 2(agged)k
1916(@Break)s 240 fnt83 2772 8451(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 8449(Break)m
4222(the)s 4559(paragraphs)s 5648(of)s 240 fnt83 5908 8451(object)m
240 fnt82 6545 8449(into)m 6960(lines,)s 7507(b)s 4(ut)k
7858(do)s 8140(not)s 8495(adjust)s 3600 8161(the)m 3948(lines)s
4450(\(`ragged)s 5317(right'\);)s 220 fnt35 1077 7653(cr)m 2(agged)k
1916(@Break)s 240 fnt83 2772 7658(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 7656(Lik)m 2(e)k
220 fnt35 4125 7653(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt82 4794 7656(,)m
4934(e)s 3(xcept)k 5648(that)s 6099(each)s 6628(line)s
7075(will)s 7534(be)s 7849(centred)s 8644(with)s 3600 7368(respect)m
4336(to)s 4575(the)s 4923(others;)s 220 fnt35 1114 6860(rr)m 2(agged)k
1916(@Break)s 240 fnt83 2772 6865(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 6863(Lik)m 2(e)k
220 fnt35 4115 6860(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt82 4784 6863(,)m
4914(e)s 3(xcept)k 5618(that)s 6059(each)s 6577(line)s
7014(will)s 7463(be)s 7768(right-justi\207ed)s 3600 6575(with)m 4082(respect)s
4818(to)s 5057(the)s 5405(others)s 6040(\(`ragged)s 6907(left'\);)s
220 fnt35 1065 6067(or)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt83
2772 6072(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 6070(The)m 4028(ob)s 3(vious)k
4835(combination)s 6088(of)s 220 fnt35 6359 6067(r)m 2(agged)k
240 fnt82 7088 6070(and)m 220 fnt35 7492 6067(outdent)m 240 fnt82
8220 6070(;)m 220 fnt35 1413 5563(lines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt83
2772 5568(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 5566(Break)m 4284(the)s 4685(paragraphs)s
5837(of)s 240 fnt83 6161 5568(object)m 240 fnt82 6861 5566(into)m
7339(lines)s 7893(at)s 8178(the)s 8579(same)s 3600 5278(points)m
4235(that)s 4651(the)s 3(y)k 5113(are)s 5458(brok)s 2(en)k
6177(into)s 6600(lines)s 7101(in)s 7342(the)s 7689(input,)s
8286(and)s 8688(also)s 3600 4990(at)m 3819(concatenation)s 5190(symbols)s
6026(of)s 6283(the)s 6617(form)s 220 fnt35 7128 4987(&)m
240 fnt83 7270 4992(k)m 220 fnt35 7380 4987(b)m 240 fnt82
7540 4990(for)m 7865(an)s 3(y)k 240 fnt83 8248 4992(k)m
240 fnt82 8404 4990(greater)m 3600 4702(than)m 4069(1.)s 4354(Do)s
4700(not)s 5067(adjust)s 5698(the)s 6047(lines.)s 6663(An)s 3(y)k
7127(spaces)s 7803(at)s 8035(the)s 8384(start)s 8855(of)s
3600 4414(a)m 3766(line)s 4180(other)s 4731(than)s 5200(the)s
5548(\207rst)s 5979(line)s 6393(will)s 6819(appear)s 7516(in)s
7759(the)s 8107(output;)s 220 fnt35 1303 3906(clines)m 1916(@Break)s
240 fnt83 2772 3911(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 3909(Break)m 4288(the)s
4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt83 6177 3911(object)m 240 fnt82
6881 3909(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s 220 fnt35
8623 3906(lines)m 3600 3618(@Break)m 240 fnt82 4396 3621(,)m 4503(then)s
4972(centre)s 5611(each)s 6106(line)s 6520(with)s 7002(respect)s
7738(to)s 7977(the)s 8325(others;)s 220 fnt35 1337 3113(r)m -3(lines)k
1916(@Break)s 240 fnt83 2772 3118(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 3116(Break)m
4288(the)s 4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt83 6177 3118(object)m
240 fnt82 6881 3116(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s
220 fnt35 8623 3113(lines)m 3600 2825(@Break)m 240 fnt82 4396 2828(,)m
4535(then)s 5036(right-)s 5555(justify)s 6251(each)s 6778(line)s
7224(with)s 7738(respect)s 8506(to)s 8778(the)s 3600 2540(others.)m
0 2087(If)m 235(the)s 588(paragraph)s 1606(w)s 2(as)k
2032(an)s 2320(entire)s 2924(component)s 4053(of)s 4329(a)s
4501(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 5178(so)s
5449(will)s 5880(each)s 6380(of)s 6656(its)s 6937(lines)s
7444(be;)s 7787(otherwise)s 8778(the)s 0 1799(lines)m 502(are)s
849(enclosed)s 1744(in)s 1987(a)s 220 fnt35 2153 1796(@OneRo)m 3(w)k
240 fnt82 3284 1799(symbol)m 4044(after)s 4540(breaking.)s 480 1425(The)m
911(length)s 1570(of)s 1845(the)s 2196(g)s 1(ap)k
2598(used)s 3099(to)s 3341(separate)s 4183(the)s 4535(lines)s
5040(produced)s 5993(by)s 6291(paragraph)s 7307(breaking)s 8201(is)s
8415(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 220 fnt35 0 1134(1v)m
240 fnt82 231 1137(.)m 395(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
1355(the)s 220 fnt35 1703 1134(v)m 240 fnt82 1872 1137(unit)m
2304(itself)s 2852(and)s 3256(the)s 3604(g)s 1(ap)k
4002(mode)s 4590(may)s 5056(be)s 5338(changed:)s 240 fnt83
1503 634(gap)m 220 fnt35 1916 629(@Break)m 240 fnt83 2772 634(object)m
240 fnt82 3600 632(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt83 4312 634(object)m
240 fnt82 4900 632(,)m 5008(tak)s 2(e)k 5460(the)s
5809(v)s 6(alue)k 6377(of)s 6649(the)s 220 fnt35
6998 629(v)m 240 fnt82 7167 632(unit)m 7600(to)s 7839(be)s
8122(the)s 8471(length)s 3600 344(of)m 240 fnt83 3871 346(gap)m
240 fnt82 4224 344(;)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 43 49
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.4.)m 454(@Br)s 8(eak)k 240 fnt84
8833 13840(43)m 240 fnt82 1375 13247(+)m 240 fnt83 1503 13249(gap)m
220 fnt35 1916 13244(@Break)m 240 fnt83 2772 13249(object)m 240 fnt82
3600 13247(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt83 4320 13249(object)m 240 fnt82
4908 13247(,)m 5024(tak)s 2(e)k 5485(the)s 5841(v)s 6(alue)k
6418(of)s 6698(the)s 220 fnt35 7054 13244(v)m 240 fnt82
7232 13247(unit)m 7673(to)s 7920(be)s 8211(lar)s 4(ger)k
8832(by)s 3600 12959(the)m 3948(length)s 4603(of)s 240 fnt83
4874 12961(gap)m 240 fnt82 5287 12959(than)m 5756(it)s 5948(w)s 2(ould)k
6603(otherwise)s 7588(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8089(been;)s
1383 12454(\211)m 240 fnt83 1503 12456(gap)m 220 fnt35 1916 12451(@Break)m
240 fnt83 2772 12456(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 12454(W)m 9(ithin)k
240 fnt83 4309 12456(object)m 240 fnt82 4897 12454(,)m 5000(tak)s 2(e)k
5448(the)s 5792(v)s 6(alue)k 6356(of)s 6623(the)s
220 fnt35 6968 12451(v)m 240 fnt82 7133 12454(unit)m 7561(to)s
7796(be)s 8074(smaller)s 8832(by)s 3600 12166(the)m 3948(length)s
4603(of)s 240 fnt83 4874 12168(gap)m 240 fnt82 5287 12166(than)m
5756(it)s 5948(w)s 2(ould)k 6603(otherwise)s 7588(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
8089(been.)s 0 11661(In)m 256(each)s 751(case,)s 1269(the)s
1617(mode)s 2205(of)s 240 fnt83 2476 11663(gap)m 240 fnt82
2889 11661(is)m 3099(adopted)s 3915(within)s 240 fnt83 4583 11663(object)m
240 fnt82 5171 11661(.)m 480 11287(The)m 220 fnt35 908 11284(@Break)m
240 fnt82 1764 11287(symbol)m 2524(also)s 2962(controls)s 3783(h)s 1(yphenation:)k
220 fnt35 1141 10779(h)m 6(yphen @Break)k 240 fnt83 2772 10784(object)m
240 fnt82 3600 10782(Permit)m 4296(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5536(within)s
6204(the)s 6552(paragraphs)s 7652(of)s 240 fnt83 7923 10784(object)m
240 fnt82 8511 10782(;)m 220 fnt35 897 10274(noh)m 6(yphen @Break)k
240 fnt83 2772 10279(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 10277(Prohibit)m 4440(h)s 1(yphenation)k
5691(within)s 6370(the)s 6729(paragraphs)s 7840(of)s 240 fnt83
8122 10279(object)m 240 fnt82 8710 10277(;)m 8833(all)s 3600 9989(h)m 1(yphenation)k
4897(g)s 1(aps)k 5443(without)s 6291(e)s 3(xception)k
7332(re)s 6(v)k 3(ert)k 7996(to)s 8292(edge-)s
8812(to-)s 3600 9701(edge)m 4108(mode.)s 0 9198(The)m 220 fnt35
428 9195(@Break)m 240 fnt82 1284 9198(also)m 1722(has)s 2092(options)s
2848(which)s 3490(control)s 4222(wido)s 6(w)k 4922(and)s
5326(orphan)s 6048(lines:)s 220 fnt35 480 8690(unbreakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k
240 fnt83 3058 8695(ob)m 240 fnt82 3292 8693(-)m 240 fnt83
480 8407(ject)m 240 fnt82 3600 8693(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k
4431(column)s 5256(and)s 5710(page)s 6268(breaks)s 6993(\(i.e.)s
7458(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 8276(a)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
3600 8405(from)m 4147(splitting\))s 5081(between)s 5959(the)s 6330(\207rst)s
6784(and)s 7212(second)s 7958(lines)s 8483(of)s 8778(the)s
3600 8117(paragraphs)m 4700(of)s 240 fnt83 4971 8119(object)m 240 fnt82
5559 8117(;)m 220 fnt35 480 7609(unbreakab)m 4(lelast @Break)k 240 fnt83
3058 7614(ob)m 240 fnt82 3292 7612(-)m 240 fnt83 480 7326(ject)m
240 fnt82 3600 7612(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k 4429(column)s
5252(and)s 5704(page)s 6261(breaks)s 6984(between)s 7886(the)s
8282(last)s 8722(and)s 3600 7324(second)m 4323(last)s 4714(lines)s
5216(of)s 5487(the)s 5835(paragraphs)s 6935(of)s 240 fnt83
7206 7326(object)m 240 fnt82 7794 7324(.)m 0 6821(These)m 688(options)s
1506(w)s 2(ork)k 2119(by)s 2475(adding)s 3241(the)s
220 fnt35 3651 6818(u)m 240 fnt82 3881 6821(\(unbreakable\))m 5319(suf\207x)s
5980(to)s 6281(the)s 6691(appropriate)s 7897(g)s 1(aps)k
8448(during)s 0 6533(paragraph)m 1017(breaking,)s 1966(so)s 2237(their)s
2738(precise)s 3475(ef)s 6(fect)k 4076(is)s 4290(as)s
4545(described)s 5524(for)s 5866(this)s 6267(suf\207x.)s 6981(These)s
7612(options)s 8373(may)s 8844(be)s 0 6245(countermanded)m 1533(by)s
220 fnt35 1827 6242(breakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k 240 fnt82 4057 6245(and)m
220 fnt35 4461 6242(breakab)m 4(lelast @Break.)k 240 fnt82 480 5871(Se)m 6(v)k 3(eral)k
1310(options)s 2135(may)s 2669(be)s 3020(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
3668(to)s 3976(the)s 220 fnt35 4392 5868(@Break)m 240 fnt82
5317 5871(symbol)m 6145(simultaneously)s 15(,)k 7754(in)s 8065(an)s 3(y)k
8531(order)s 13(.)k 0 5583(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 480 5082({ adjust 1.2fx h)m 6(yphen }  @Break  ...)k 240 fnt82 0 4584(is)m
210(a)s 375(typical)s 1079(initial)s 1689(v)s 6(alue.)k
2365(There)s 2977(may)s 3442(be)s 3723(empty)s 4375(objects)s
5102(and)s 220 fnt35 5505 4581(@Null)m 240 fnt82 6149 4584(objects)m
6877(in)s 7119(the)s 7466(left)s 7842(parameter)s 8855(of)s
220 fnt35 0 4293(@Break)m 240 fnt82 796 4296(;)m 908(these)s
1455(are)s 1802(ignored.)s 240 fnt84 0 3503(3.5.)m 471(@Space)s
240 fnt82 480 3026(The)m 220 fnt35 911 3023(@Space)m 240 fnt82
1812 3026(symbol)m 2576(changes)s 3402(the)s 3754(v)s 6(alue)k
4326(of)s 4601(the)s 220 fnt35 4953 3023(s)m 240 fnt82
5120 3026(unit)m 5556(of)s 5831(measurement)s 7169(\(Section)s 8026(3.2\))s
8458(within)s 0 2738(its)m 276(right)s 787(parameter)s 1801(to)s
2040(the)s 2388(v)s 6(alue)k 2956(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
3536(by)s 3830(the)s 4178(left)s 4555(parameter:)s 220 fnt35
480 2237(1c @Space { a b c d })m 240 fnt82 0 1741(has)m 370(result)s 480 1288(a)m
1153(b)s 1833(c)s 2499(d)s 0 835(As)m 311(for)s
643(the)s 220 fnt35 985 832(@Break)m 240 fnt82 1835 835(symbol,)m
2641(the)s 2982(left)s 3353(parameter)s 4361(of)s 220 fnt35
4626 832(@Space)m 240 fnt82 5517 835(may)m 5976(be)s 6252(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
6826(relati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7582(to)s 7815(the)s
8156(enclosing)s 220 fnt35 0 544(s)m 240 fnt82 163 547(unit,)m
642(and)s 1046(it)s 1238(may)s 1704(include)s 2464(a)s
2630(g)s 1(ap)k 3028(mode.)s 3724(Note)s 4245(that)s
4663(the)s 220 fnt35 5011 544(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt82
5723 547(symbol)m 6483(also)s 6921(sets)s 7330(the)s 220 fnt35
7678 544(s)m 240 fnt82 7841 547(unit.)m 480 173(The)m 906(left)s
1280(parameter)s 2292(of)s 2560(the)s 220 fnt35 2906 170(@Space)m
240 fnt82 3800 173(symbol)m 4558(may)s 5021(also)s 5456(hold)s
5938(an)s 3(y)k 6332(one)s 6732(of)s 7000(the)s
7346(\207v)s 3(e)k 7755(special)s 8470(v)s 6(alues)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 44 50
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(44)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 220 fnt35 0 13202(lout)m
240 fnt82 349 13205(,)m 220 fnt35 461 13202(compress)m 240 fnt82
1406 13205(,)m 220 fnt35 1518 13202(separ)m 2(ate)k 240 fnt82
2362 13205(,)m 220 fnt35 2474 13202(troff)m 240 fnt82 2849 13205(,)m
2961(and)s 220 fnt35 3371 13202(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt82
3656 13205(,)m 3768(which)s 4415(control)s 5152(the)s 5505(w)s 2(ay)k
5962(in)s 6210(which)s 6857(Lout)s 7374(treats)s 7946(white)s
8539(space)s 0 12917(separating)m 1047(tw)s 2(o)k 1470(objects.)s
2324(The)s 2764(names)s 220 fnt35 3439 12914(troff)m 240 fnt82
3887 12917(and)m 220 fnt35 4304 12914(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt82
4661 12917(indicate)m 5486(that)s 5917(the)s 6278(beha)s 4(viour)k
7303(of)s 7587(these)s 8147(options)s 8916(is)s 0 12629(inspired)m
828(by)s 1122(these)s 1669(other)s 2220(document)s 3224(formatting)s
4285(systems.)s 480 12255(The)m 897(def)s 2(ault)k 1607(setting,)s
220 fnt35 2339 12252(lout)m 240 fnt82 2688 12255(,)m 2784(produces)s
3687(as)s 3926(man)s 3(y)k 4498(spaces)s 5161(in)s
5393(the)s 5729(output)s 6390(as)s 6629(there)s 7150(are)s
7486(in)s 7717(the)s 8054(input.)s 8698(The)s 220 fnt35
0 11964(compress)m 240 fnt82 1017 11967(setting)m 1719(causes)s 2407(all)s
2712(sequences)s 3746(of)s 4029(tw)s 2(o)k 4452(or)s
4723(more)s 5283(white)s 5882(space)s 6482(characters)s 7512(to)s
7764(be)s 8058(treated)s 8778(the)s 0 11679(same)m 556(as)s
815(one)s 1227(white)s 1823(space)s 2419(character)s 13(.)k
3454(The)s 220 fnt35 3891 11676(separ)m 2(ate)k 240 fnt82
4804 11679(setting)m 5504(is)s 5723(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35
6144 11676(compress)m 240 fnt82 7159 11679(b)m 4(ut)k 7530(also)s
7977(causes)s 8662(zero)s 0 11391(white)m 587(spaces)s 1263(between)s
2118(tw)s 2(o)k 2529(objects)s 3258(\(b)s 4(ut)k
3700(not)s 4067(within)s 4736(one)s 5138(w)s 2(ord\))k
5757(to)s 5997(be)s 6280(treated)s 6988(the)s 7337(same)s
7885(as)s 8136(one)s 8539(white)s 0 11103(space)m 587(character)s 13(.)k
480 10729(The)m 220 fnt35 902 10726(troff)m 240 fnt82 1330 10729(setting)m
2013(is)s 2216(the)s 2557(same)s 3097(as)s 220 fnt35
3340 10726(lout)m 240 fnt82 3742 10729(e)m 3(xcept)k 4416(that)s
4828(where)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 5761(a)s 5920(sentence)s
6792(ends)s 7275(at)s 7500(the)s 7841(end)s 8238(of)s
8502(a)s 8661(line,)s 0 10441(one)m 415(e)s 3(xtra)k
962(space)s 1562(is)s 1785(added.)s 2535(F)s 3(ormally)k 15(,)k
3513(when)s 4102(tw)s 2(o)k 4525(objects)s 5266(are)s
5627(separated)s 6600(by)s 6907(white)s 7507(space)s 8108(characters)s
0 10153(which)m 660(include)s 1439(at)s 1689(least)s 2205(one)s
2625(ne)s 6(wline)k 3451(character)s 9(,)k 4442(and)s
4864(the)s 5231(\207rst)s 5680(object)s 6343(is)s 6572(a)s
6756(w)s 2(ord)k 7323(ending)s 8046(in)s 8308(an)s 3(y)k
8724(one)s 0 9865(of)m 288(a)s 471(certain)s 1194(set)s
1536(of)s 1824(sequences)s 2862(of)s 3150(characters,)s 4241(the)s
4606(e)s 3(xtra)k 5157(space)s 5761(is)s 5988(added.)s
6741(The)s 7186(set)s 7528(of)s 7816(sequences)s 8855(of)s
0 9577(characters)m 1025(depends)s 1868(on)s 2173(the)s 2528(current)s
3272(language)s 4199(and)s 4610(is)s 4828(de\207ned)s 5598(in)s
5849(the)s 220 fnt35 6204 9574(langdef)m 240 fnt82 6987 9577(for)m
7333(that)s 7758(language)s 8686(\(see)s 0 9289(Section)m 774(3.9\).)s
480 8915(The)m 220 fnt35 930 8912(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt82
1297 8915(option)m 1989(is)s 2221(the)s 2592(most)s 3139(complicated.)s
4494(First,)s 5060(the)s 220 fnt35 5430 8912(compress)m 240 fnt82
6458 8915(option)m 7149(is)s 7382(applied.)s 8272(Then,)s 8894(at)s
0 8627(e)m 6(v)k 3(ery)k 576(sentence)s 1455(ending,)s
2213(whether)s 3043(or)s 3302(not)s 3667(at)s 3899(the)s
4246(end)s 4650(of)s 4921(a)s 5086(line,)s 5551(one)s
5952(e)s 3(xtra)k 6486(space)s 7073(is)s 7282(added.)s
8018(A)s 8247(sentence)s 0 8339(ending)m 709(is)s 923(de\207ned)s
1690(as)s 1944(for)s 220 fnt35 2286 8336(troff)m 240 fnt82
2726 8339(e)m 3(xcept)k 3411(that,)s 3880(in)s 4127(addition)s
4972(to)s 5215(the)s 5568(preceding)s 6568(w)s 2(ord)k
7120(ha)s 4(ving)k 7825(to)s 8068(end)s 8476(in)s
8724(one)s 0 8051(of)m 268(a)s 431(certain)s 1134(set)s
1456(of)s 1724(sequences)s 2742(of)s 3010(characters,)s 4081(the)s
4426(character)s 5357(preceding)s 6350(that)s 6765(sequence)s 7695(must)s
8217(e)s 3(xist)k 8722(and)s 0 7763(must)m 525(be)s
807(a)s 973(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case)k 2053(letter)s 13(.)k
2693(A)s 2924(character)s 3858(is)s 4068(a)s 4234(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case)k
5314(letter)s 5864(if,)s 6116(in)s 6359(the)s 6707(Lout)s
7219(Character)s 8208(Mapping)s 0 7475(\207le)m 393(\(Section)s 1278(3.3\))s
1738(associated)s 2810(with)s 3325(the)s 3705(current)s 4473(font,)s
4997(an)s 5313(upper)s 4(-case)k 6432(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k
7508(of)s 7811(the)s 8192(character)s 0 7187(is)m 210(de\207ned.)s
240 fnt84 0 6444(3.6.)m 471(@YUnit,)s 1432(@ZUnit,)s 2380(@CurrYUnit,)s
3859(and)s 4300(@CurrZUnit)s 240 fnt82 480 5973(The)m 220 fnt35
917 5970(@YUnit)m 240 fnt82 1741 5973(symbol)m 2510(changes)s 3342(the)s
3699(v)s 6(alue)k 4277(of)s 4557(the)s 220 fnt35
4915 5970(y)m 240 fnt82 5092 5973(unit)m 5534(of)s 5814(measurement)s
7158(\(Section)s 8020(3.2\))s 8458(within)s 0 5685(its)m 276(right)s
787(parameter)s 1801(to)s 2040(the)s 2388(v)s 6(alue)k
2956(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3536(by)s 3830(the)s
4178(left)s 4555(parameter:)s 220 fnt35 480 5184(1c @YUnit { ...)m 13( })k
240 fnt82 0 4690(ensures)m 760(that)s 1170(the)s 1510(v)s 6(alue)k
2070(of)s 220 fnt35 2333 4687(1y)m 240 fnt82 2615 4690(within)m
3275(the)s 3615(right)s 4118(parameter)s 5124(will)s 5542(be)s
220 fnt35 5816 4687(1c)m 240 fnt82 6043 4690(.)m 6199(The)s
220 fnt35 6619 4687(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt82 7413 4690(symbol)m 8165(is)s
8366(similar)s 9(,)k 0 4402(setting)m 688(the)s 1034(v)s 6(alue)k
1600(of)s 1869(the)s 220 fnt35 2215 4399(z)m 240 fnt82
2376 4402(unit)m 2806(in)s 3047(its)s 3321(right)s 3830(parameter)s 13(.)k
4933(Both)s 5453(units)s 5967(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
6466(def)s 2(ault)k 7185(v)s 6(alue)k 7751(zero.)s
8324(The)s 8749(left)s 0 4114(parameter)m 1011(may)s 1473(not)s
1836(include)s 2592(a)s 2755(g)s 1(ap)k 3149(mode,)s
3784(nor)s 4160(may)s 4622(it)s 4811(use)s 5182(the)s
220 fnt35 5526 4111(w)m 240 fnt82 5682 4114(,)m 220 fnt35
5786 4111(b)m 240 fnt82 5900 4114(,)m 220 fnt35 6003 4111(r)m
240 fnt82 6076 4114(,)m 6180(or)s 6435(of)s 6702(course)s
220 fnt35 7379 4111(d)m 240 fnt82 7545 4114(units,)m 8114(b)s 4(ut)k
8472(it)s 8660(may)s 0 3826(be)m 3(gin)k 577(with)s
220 fnt35 1050 3823(+)m 240 fnt82 1220 3826(or)m 220 fnt35
1470 3823(-)m 240 fnt82 1584 3826(to)m 1814(indicate)s 2616(that)s
3025(v)s 6(alue)k 3583(is)s 3784(to)s 4014(be)s
4286(added)s 4907(to)s 5136(or)s 5386(subtracted)s 6416(from)s
6931(the)s 7269(current)s 7996(v)s 6(alue.)k 8662(An)s 3(y)k
0 3538(ne)m 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e)k
853(result)s 1443(of)s 1714(using)s 220 fnt35 2286 3535(-)m
240 fnt82 2410 3538(will)m 2836(be)s 3118(silently)s 3875(replaced)s
4742(by)s 5036(zero.)s 480 3164(The)m 220 fnt35 913 3161(@CurrYUnit)m
240 fnt82 2159 3164(and)m 220 fnt35 2569 3161(@CurrZUnit)m 240 fnt82
3803 3164(symbols)m 4658(report)s 5294(the)s 5648(v)s 6(alue)k
6222(of)s 6499(the)s 220 fnt35 6853 3161(y)m 240 fnt82
7027 3164(and)m 220 fnt35 7437 3161(z)m 240 fnt82 7607 3164(units,)m
8185(in)s 8434(points,)s 0 2876(truncated)m 947(to)s 1186(the)s
1534(nearest)s 2270(inte)s 3(ger)k 13(.)k 3081(F)s 3(or)k
3470(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 2375(1i @YUnit { )m 11(The current v)k 5(alue of the y unit is @CurrYUnit })k
240 fnt82 0 1877(produces)m 220 fnt35 480 1376(1i @YUnit { )m 11(The current v)k 5(alue of the y unit is @CurrYUnit })k
240 fnt82 0 878(since)m 547(there)s 1080(are)s 1427(72)s
1721(points)s 2357(in)s 2600(one)s 3002(inch)s 3471(\(at)s
3782(least,)s 4326(Lout)s 4838(thinks)s 5474(there)s 6007(are\).)s
480 504(These)m 1123(units)s 1655(are)s 2018(not)s 2400(used)s
2913(internally)s 3898(by)s 4208(Lout.)s 4840(The)s 3(y)k
5399(are)s 5762(supplied)s 6647(as)s 6913(part)s 7360(of)s
7647(the)s 8011(style)s 8534(infor)s 8998(-)s 0 216(mation)m
731(for)s 1080(the)s 1439(con)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k
2690(of)s 2972(application)s 4102(packages.)s 5154(F)s 3(or)k
5554(e)s 3(xample,)k 6479(the)s 6838(Eq)s 7173(equation)s
8065(formatting)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 45 51
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.6.)m 454(@YUnit,)s 1325(@ZUnit,)s 2196(@CurrYUnit,)s
3533(and)s 3959(@CurrZUnit)s 240 fnt84 8833 13840(45)m 240 fnt82
0 13224(package)m 840(uses)s 1303(them)s 1841(to)s 2080(\207ne-)s
2507(tune)s 2975(the)s 3323(appearance)s 4454(of)s 4725(equations.)s
240 fnt84 0 12431(3.7.)m 471(@SetColour)s 1788(and)s 2229(@SetColor)s
240 fnt82 480 11999(The)m 220 fnt35 927 11996(@SetColour)m 240 fnt82
2204 11999(and)m 220 fnt35 2628 11996(@SetColor)m 240 fnt82 3783 11999(symbols,)m
4708(which)s 5370(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5891(identical)s
6788(ef)s 6(fect,)k 7451(return)s 8098(their)s 8615(right)s
0 11711(parameter)m 1047(in)s 1323(the)s 1704(colour)s 2408(speci\207ed)s
3349(by)s 3676(their)s 4206(left)s 4617(parameter)s 13(.)k
5755(The)s 6216(form)s 6773(of)s 7077(the)s 7458(left)s
7868(parameter)s 8916(is)s 0 11423(implementation-dependent;)m 2693(in)s 2954(Basser)s
3670(Lout)s 4200(it)s 4410(must)s 4954(be)s 5254(an)s
5555(object)s 6218(whose)s 6904(v)s 6(alue)k 7490(is)s
7719(a)s 7903(sequence)s 8855(of)s 0 11135(w)m 2(ords)k
634(comprising)s 1763(a)s 1929(PostScript)s 2971(command)s 3973(for)s
4311(setting)s 5001(colour)s 13(.)k 5763(F)s 3(or)k
6152(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 10634({ 1.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } @SetColour { hello)m 8(, w)k 2(or)k -3(ld })k
240 fnt82 0 10135(produces)m 915(the)s 1263(red)s 1626(result)s
1.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 480 9632(hello,)m 1065(w)s 2(orld)k 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 9148(Of)m 322(course,)s 1050(a)s 1213(colour)s 1881(output)s
2550(de)s 6(vice)k 3222(is)s 3429(needed)s 4162(to)s
4398(see)s 4756(the)s 5101(ef)s 6(fect;)k 5747(on)s
6041(a)s 6204(monochrome)s 7520(de)s 6(vice)k 8191(the)s
8536(result)s 0 8860(will)m 422(be)s 700(some)s 1257(shade)s
1854(of)s 2121(gre)s 3(y)k 15(.)k 2688(The)s
220 fnt35 3112 8857(@SetColour)m 240 fnt82 4365 8860(command)m 5363(will)s
5785(not)s 6147(accept)s 6813(an)s 7092(empty)s 7740(left)s
8112(parameter)s 0 8572(\(it)m 273(refuses)s 1002(to)s 1243(belie)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
1983(that)s 2403(this)s 2801(could)s 3393(cause)s 3983(a)s
4151(change)s 4887(of)s 5161(colour\),)s 5960(b)s 4(ut)k
6324(otherwise)s 7311(it)s 7506(trusts)s 8076(the)s 8426(user)s
8887(to)s 0 8284(supply)m 693(something)s 1743(sensible.)s 480 7910(The)m
220 fnt35 901 7907(@SetColour)m 240 fnt82 2151 7910(command)m 3145(accepts)s
3892(the)s 4232(special)s 4943(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt35
5504 7907(nochange)m 240 fnt82 6512 7910(for)m 6843(the)s 7183(left)s
7553(parameter)s 13(.)k 8650(This)s 0 7622(v)m 6(alue)k
574(causes)s 1256(the)s 1611(right)s 2129(parameter)s 3150(to)s
3396(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3904(the)s 4258(colour)s
4936(it)s 5135(w)s 2(ould)k 5797(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
6305(had)s 6716(without)s 7514(the)s 220 fnt35 7869 7619(@SetColour)m
240 fnt82 0 7334(command.)m 480 6960(There)m 1132(is)s 1382(no)s
1715(def)s 2(ault)k 2476(colour)s 9(,)k 3225(so)s
3530(the)s 3918(user)s 4416(must)s 4981(ensure)s 5701(that)s
6159(the)s 6546(root)s 7031(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
7705(or)s 8004(each)s 8539(of)s 8850(its)s 0 6672(components)m
1208(is)s 1418(enclosed)s 2313(in)s 2556(a)s 220 fnt35
2722 6669(@SetColour)m 240 fnt82 3979 6672(symbol)m 4739(whose)s 5407(left)s
5784(parameter)s 6798(is)s 7008(not)s 220 fnt35 7374 6669(nochange)m
240 fnt82 8330 6672(.)m 480 6298(Lout)m 1023(mak)s 2(es)k
1715(no)s 2039(attempt)s 2847(to)s 3117(understand)s 4257(colour)s 9(,)k
4998(it)s 5221(simply)s 5958(prints)s 6584(the)s 6964(PostScript)s
8038(commands)s 0 6010(when)m 601(appropriate.)s 1879(This)s 2381(has)s
2776(the)s 3150(adv)s 6(antage)k 4196(of)s 4492(permitting)s
5566(access)s 6253(to)s 6517(an)s 3(y)k 6940(of)s
7237(PostScript')s 13(s)k 8455(colour)s 0 5722(models)m 768(\(some)s
1434(require)s 2192(initialization)s 3481(which)s 4149(can)s 4564(be)s
4872(supplied)s 5767(using)s 220 fnt35 6365 5719(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt82 8178 5722(\),)m 8390(b)s 4(ut)k 8778(the)s
0 5434(disadv)m 6(antage)k 1299(of)s 1570(of)s 6(fering)k
2386(no)s 2679(w)s 2(ay)k 3130(to)s 3369(mak)s 2(e)k
3941(relati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4703(changes)s 5525(\(`as)s
5933(before)s 6599(only)s 7079(redder)s 9(,)k 16(')k
7836(and)s 8240(so)s 8506(on\).)s 480 5060(F)m 3(or)k
870(those)s 1432(who)s 1899(wish)s 2409(to)s 2649(obtain)s
3305(colour)s 3977(without)s 4769(w)s 2(orking)k 5619(v)s 3(ery)k
6096(hard,)s 6629(the)s 220 fnt35 6978 5057(setrgbcolor)m 240 fnt82
8124 5060(command)m 0 4772(used)m 496(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
1117(is)s 1325(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 2232(in)s
2474(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 3048(v)s 3(ersion)k
3805(of)s 4075(PostScript,)s 5162(requires)s 5981(no)s 6273(initialization,)s
7584(and)s 7987(is)s 8196(simple)s 8887(to)s 0 4484(use.)m
485(The)s 915(three)s 1450(numbers,)s 2384(which)s 3028(range)s
3617(from)s 4143(0.0)s 4501(to)s 4742(1.0,)s 5151(determine)s
6164(the)s 6515(intensity)s 7394(of)s 7667(red,)s 8081(green,)s
8722(and)s 0 4196(blue)m 468(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k
1762(Some)s 2363(useful)s 3002(v)s 6(alues)k 3658(for)s
3996(the)s 4344(left)s 4721(parameter)s 5735(are)s 220 fnt35
480 3631(1.0)m 838(0.0)s 1196(0.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt83
2979 3636(r)m 8(ed)k 220 fnt35 480 3312(0.0)m 838(1.0)s
1196(0.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt83 2979 3317(gr)m 8(een)k
220 fnt35 480 2982(0.0)m 838(0.0)s 1196(1.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s
240 fnt83 2979 2987(blue)m 220 fnt35 480 2652(1.0)m 838(1.0)s
1196(1.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt83 2979 2657(white)m 220 fnt35
480 2333(0.5)m 837(0.5)s 1194(0.5)s 1551(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt83
2979 2338(gr)m 8(e)k 7(y)k 220 fnt35 480 2003(0.0)m
838(0.0)s 1196(0.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt83 2979 2008(blac)m 4(k)k
240 fnt82 0 1447(Colouring)m 1042(an)s 1344(object)s 2007(white)s
2613(is)s 2841(useful)s 3499(for)s 3856(producing)s 4899(an)s
5200(empty)s 5871(space)s 6477(whose)s 7164(size)s 7609(is)s
7838(that)s 8275(of)s 8565(some)s 0 1159(object.)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 46 52
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(46)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt84 0 13203(3.8.)m
471(@Outline)s 240 fnt82 480 12771(The)m 220 fnt35 895 12768(@Outline)m
240 fnt82 1850 12771(symbol)m 2597(causes)s 3258(all)s 3537(the)s
3872(w)s 2(ords)k 4492(in)s 4722(the)s 5056(right)s
5553(parameter)s 6554(\(which)s 7261(may)s 7714(be)s 7982(an)s
8251(arbitrary)s 0 12483(object\))m 712(to)s 951(be)s 1233(printed)s
1968(in)s 2211(outline,)s 2982(rather)s 3598(than)s 4067(\207lled)s
4616(as)s 4866(is)s 5076(usual.)s 5745(F)s 3(or)k
6134(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 11982(@Outline @Bo)m 6(x 24p @F)k 6(ont HELP)k
240 fnt82 0 11486(produces)m 1336 461 72 180 240 288 60 480 10685 LoutGr2
LoutBox   stroke
grestore
480 fnt82 72 72(HELP)mo 
grestore
0 10234(Outlining)m
984(is)s 1209(part)s 1654(of)s 1940(the)s 2303(style)s
2824(information,)s 4074(in)s 4332(the)s 4694(same)s 5256(w)s 2(ay)k
5721(as)s 5986(colour)s 9(,)k 6710(font,)s 7216(underlining,)s
8441(and)s 8860(so)s 0 9946(forth.)m 630(Outlining)s 1602(can)s
1994(be)s 2278(applied)s 3042(to)s 3284(an)s 3(y)k
3683(font)s 4131(lik)s 2(ely)k 4729(to)s 4970(be)s
5255(used)s 5754(in)s 6000(practice.)s 6921(At)s 7222(the)s
7573(time)s 8055(of)s 8329(writing,)s 0 9658(there)m 528(is)s
732(no)s 1020(w)s 2(ay)k 1465(to)s 1699(control)s
2425(the)s 2768(thickness)s 3703(of)s 3969(the)s 4311(outline,)s
5077(and)s 220 fnt35 5475 9655(@Outline)m 240 fnt82 6439 9658(has)m
6803(no)s 7091(ef)s 6(fect)k 7681(in)s 7919(PDF)s
8410(output.)s 0 9370(The)m 424(size)s 847(of)s 1114(outlined)s
1952(w)s 2(ords)k 2582(is)s 2788(tak)s 2(en)k
3357(by)s 3647(Lout)s 4155(to)s 4390(be)s 4668(the)s
5012(same)s 5555(as)s 5801(if)s 6014(the)s 3(y)k
6473(had)s 6873(not)s 7235(been)s 7740(outlined,)s 8626(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
0 9082(though)m 723(the)s 3(y)k 1186(are)s 1533(in)s
1776(reality)s 2439(slightly)s 3210(lar)s 4(ger)k 13(.)k
240 fnt84 0 8289(3.9.)m 471(@Language)s 1762(and)s 2203(@CurrLang)s
240 fnt82 480 7812(The)m 220 fnt35 905 7809(@Language)m 240 fnt82
2153 7812(symbol)m 2910(informs)s 3701(Lout)s 4210(that)s 4625(its)s
4898(right)s 5406(parameter)s 6417(is)s 6624(written)s 7354(in)s
7594(the)s 7939(language)s 8855(of)s 0 7524(its)m 276(left)s
653(parameter:)s 220 fnt35 480 7023(Danish  @Language  { ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt82
0 6524(Basser)m 706(Lout)s 1228(V)s 26(ersion)k 2025(3)s
2199(uses)s 2671(this)s 3077(information)s 4271(in)s 4524(tw)s 2(o)k
4943(w)s 2(ays:)k 5609(to)s 5857(h)s 1(yphenate)k
6906(w)s 2(ords)k 7549(appropriately)s 8887(to)s 0 6236(that)m
418(language,)s 1389(and)s 1793(to)s 2032(change)s 2766(the)s
3114(v)s 6(alue)k 3682(of)s 3953(the)s 220 fnt35
4301 6233(@CurrLang)m 240 fnt82 5486 6236(symbol)m 6246(\(see)s 6686(belo)s 6(w\).)k
7508(Other)s 8112(uses,)s 8630(such)s 0 5948(as)m 250(right-to-left)s
1422(formatting)s 2483(of)s 2754(certain)s 3460(languages,)s 4524(may)s
4990(be)s 5272(added)s 5902(in)s 6145(the)s 6493(future.)s
480 5574(The)m 953(left)s 1375(parameter)s 2434(must)s 3004(either)s
3652(be)s 3979(empty)s 4676(\(which)s 5442(means)s 6149(to)s
6433(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7031(the)s 7424(current)s
8206(language)s 0 5286(unchanged\))m 1167(or)s 1428(else)s 1857(it)s
2051(must)s 2578(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3080(been)s
3591(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4173(in)s 4418(a)s
220 fnt35 4586 5283(langdef)m 240 fnt82 5363 5286(language)m 6285(de\207nition)s
7261(at)s 7495(the)s 7845(be)s 3(ginning)k 8855(of)s
0 4998(the)m 348(input:)s 220 fnt35 480 4490(langdef  Danish  Dansk  {)m 240 fnt83
2993 4495(implementation-dependent)m 220 fnt35 5608 4490(})m 240 fnt82 0 3991(After)m
220 fnt35 571 3988(langdef)m 240 fnt82 1355 3991(comes)m 2025(a)s
2199(sequence)s 3140(of)s 3419(one)s 3829(or)s 4096(more)s
4651(simple)s 5352(w)s 2(ords,)k 6050(which)s 6700(are)s
7055(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8117(names)s 8788(for)s
0 3703(the)m 347(language)s 1265(being)s 1849(de\207ned.)s 2716(F)s 3(ollo)k 6(wing)k
3743(them)s 4279(comes)s 4940(an)s 5221(implementation-dependent)s 7843(part)s
8272(between)s 0 3415(braces.)m 760(In)s 1001(Basser)s 1684(Lout)s
2181(V)s 26(ersion)k 2955(3)s 3104(this)s 3486(part)s
3902(contains)s 4736(the)s 5069(name)s 5629(of)s 5885(the)s
6219(Lout)s 6716(h)s 1(yphenation)k 7941(information)s 0 3127(\207le)m
383(\(minus)s 1121(its)s 1419(.lh)s 1745(suf\207x\))s 2441(to)s
2702(be)s 3007(used)s 3527(when)s 4125(h)s 1(yphenating)k
5384(w)s 2(ords)k 6040(in)s 6306(this)s 6725(language,)s
7718(follo)s 6(wed)k 8643(by)s 8960(a)s 0 2839(sequence)m
933(of)s 1204(w)s 2(ords)k 1838(which)s 2480(de\207ne)s
3121(the)s 3469(ends)s 3959(of)s 4230(sentences.)s 5310(F)s 3(or)k
5699(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt35 480 2339(langdef English { english  .)m 13(  :)k 11(  ?  !  .\)  ?\)  !\)  })k
240 fnt82 0 1840(de\207nes)m 748(a)s 934(language)s 1874(called)s
2522(English)s 3329(with)s 3831(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5091(patterns)s
5918(\207le)s 220 fnt35 6298 1837(english.lh)m 240 fnt82 7289 1840(and)m
7713(se)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8326(w)s 2(ays)k
8887(to)s 0 1552(end)m 424(a)s 610(sentence.)s 1617(The)s
2065(use)s 2460(of)s 2751(these)s 3318(sentence)s 4217(endings)s
5034(is)s 5264(described)s 6258(in)s 6521(Section)s 7315(3.5.)s
7799(If)s 8049(there)s 8602(is)s 8833(no)s 0 1264(h)m 1(yphenation)k
1236(\207le)s 1592(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k 2546(this)s
2937(is)s 3143(indicated)s 4072(by)s 4361(writing)s 220 fnt35
5099 1261(-)m 240 fnt82 5219 1264(for)m 5552(the)s 5895(\207le)s
6251(name;)s 6877(if)s 7089(there)s 7617(are)s 7959(no)s
8247(sentence)s 0 976(ends,)m 546(the)s 3(y)k 1009(are)s
1356(simply)s 2061(omitted.)s 480 602(The)m 220 fnt35 913 599(@CurrLang)m
240 fnt82 2103 602(symbol,)m 2920(which)s 3567(has)s 3942(no)s
4240(parameters,)s 5399(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 6332(to)s
6576(the)s 6929(\207rst)s 7365(name)s 7944(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
8529(in)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt35 0 311(langdef)m 240 fnt82
776 314(of)m 1047(the)s 1395(language)s 2315(in)s 2558(force)s
3104(at)s 3336(the)s 3684(point)s 4236(where)s 4876(it)s
5068(is)s 5278(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed:)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 47 53
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.9.)m 454(@Langua)s 2(g)k 2(e)k
1682(and)s 2108(@CurrLang)s 240 fnt84 8831 13840(47)m 220 fnt35
480 13207(Dansk  @Language  { )m 11(This is @CurrLang.)k 13( })k 240 fnt82 0 12708(has)m
370(result)s 480 12255(This)m 956(is)s 1166(Danish.)s 0 11802(It)m
205(is)s 415(typically)s 1305(used)s 1802(with)s 2284(the)s
220 fnt35 2632 11799(@Case)m 240 fnt82 3419 11802(symbol)m 4179(lik)s 2(e)k
4591(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 11301(@CurrLang  @Case  {)m 480 11013(    Danish  @Y)m 4(ield  tirsdag)k
480 10725(    English  @Y)m 4(ield  )k 11(T)k 26(uesda)k 6(y)k
480 10437(    F)m 9(rench  @Y)k 4(ield  Mardi)k 480 10149(})m 240 fnt82
0 9655(This)m 476(e)s 3(xample)k 1339(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k
2267(to)s 2506(the)s 2854(name)s 3428(of)s 3699(the)s
4047(third)s 4556(day)s 4956(of)s 5227(the)s 5575(week)s
6141(in)s 6384(the)s 6732(current)s 7468(language.)s 480 9281(The)m
908(current)s 1644(language)s 2563(is)s 2773(part)s 3204(of)s
3474(the)s 3822(style)s 4329(of)s 4599(an)s 4882(object,)s
5573(lik)s 2(e)k 5984(its)s 6260(font.)s 6809(As)s
7125(e)s 3(xplained)k 8110(in)s 8352(Section)s 0 8993(2.6,)m
419(style)s 939(is)s 1162(inherited)s 2081(through)s 2896(the)s
3257(point)s 3822(of)s 4105(appearance,)s 5300(which)s 5955(for)s
6305(language)s 7238(can)s 7640(be)s 7935(une)s 3(xpected.)k
0 8705(F)m 3(or)k 380(e)s 3(xample,)k 1284(an)s
1557(inde)s 3(x)k 2131(entry)s 2666(which)s 3298(originates)s
4281(in)s 4514(a)s 4671(French)s 5382(chapter)s 6135(b)s 4(ut)k
6487(appears)s 7258(in)s 7491(an)s 7764(English)s 8542(inde)s 3(x)k
0 8417(will)m 426(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 927(English)s
1715(for)s 2053(its)s 2329(language,)s 3300(so)s 3566(must)s
4091(be)s 4373(e)s 3(xplicitly)k 5326(set)s 5651(to)s
5890(French)s 6611(using)s 220 fnt35 7183 8414(@Language)m 240 fnt82
8374 8417(.)m 240 fnt84 0 7624(3.10.)m 591(@OneCol)s 1653(and)s
2094(@OneRo)s 2(w)k 240 fnt82 480 7192(The)m 220 fnt35
913 7189(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 2049 7192(symbol)m 2814(returns)s
3533(its)s 3814(right)s 4330(parameter)s 5350(modi\207ed)s 6264(so)s
6535(that)s 6958(only)s 7443(the)s 7796(principal)s 8706(ro)s 6(w)k
0 6904(mark)m 540(protrudes.)s 1595(This)s 2059(is)s 2257(normally)s
3162(the)s 3498(\207rst)s 3917(ro)s 6(w)k 4324(mark,)s
4910(b)s 4(ut)k 5260(another)s 6025(one)s 6415(may)s
6869(be)s 7139(chosen)s 7849(by)s 8130(preceding)s 0 6616(it)m
192(with)s 220 fnt35 674 6613(^/)m 240 fnt82 901 6616(or)m
220 fnt35 1160 6613(^//)m 240 fnt82 1388 6616(.)m 1552(F)s 3(or)k
1941(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 6115(@OneRo)m 3(w {  |0.5r)k -8(t  Slope @F)k 6(ont x + 2  ^//1p  @HLine  //1p  |0.5r)k -8(t  5 })k
240 fnt82 0 5619(has)m 370(result)s 468 371 0 188 240 288 60 480 4640 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
468 371 0 188 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
468 371 0 188 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
240 fnt83 0 211(x)m
240 fnt82 166 209(+)m 354(2)s 468 0 0 0 240 288 60 0 188 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
181 3(5)m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 3924(with)m
482(one)s 884(ro)s 6(w)k 1304(mark)s 1856(protruding)s
2919(from)s 3443(the)s 3791(bar)s 4156(as)s 4406(sho)s 6(wn.)k
5190(Compare)s 6123(this)s 6519(with)s 220 fnt35 480 3423(@OneRo)m 3(w {  |0.5r)k -8(t  Slope @F)k 6(ont x + 2  //1p  @HLine  //1p  |0.5r)k -8(t  5 })k
240 fnt82 0 2927(where)m 640(the)s 988(mark)s 1540(protrudes)s
2494(from)s 3018(the)s 3366(numerator:)s 468 371 0 263 240 288 60 480 1948 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
468 371 0 263 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
468 371 0 263 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
240 fnt83 0 211(x)m
240 fnt82 166 209(+)m 354(2)s 468 0 0 0 240 288 60 0 188 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
grestore

grestore
181 3(5)m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
220 fnt35
0 1494(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 1016 1497(has)m 1391(the)s 1744(same)s
2296(ef)s 6(fect)k 2897(on)s 3198(columns)s 4065(as)s
220 fnt35 4320 1494(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 5456 1497(does)m
5951(on)s 6252(ro)s 6(ws,)k 6823(with)s 7310(the)s
7663(symbols)s 220 fnt35 8517 1494(^|)m 240 fnt82 8722 1497(and)m
220 fnt35 0 1206(^||)m 240 fnt82 257 1209(\(or)m 220 fnt35
595 1206(^&)m 240 fnt82 840 1209(\))m 968(determining)s 2176(which)s
2818(mark)s 3370(is)s 3580(chosen.)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 48 54
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(48)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt84 0 13203(3.11.)m
591(@W)s 4(ide)k 1411(and)s 1852(@High)s 240 fnt82
480 12726(The)m 220 fnt35 910 12723(@Wide)m 240 fnt82 1687 12726(symbol)m
2450(returns)s 3167(its)s 3446(right)s 3960(parameter)s 4977(modi\207ed)s
5888(to)s 6130(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6634(the)s
6985(width)s 7590(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8173(by)s
8470(its)s 8749(left)s 0 12438(parameter)m 9(,)k 1058(which)s
1707(must)s 2238(be)s 2527(a)s 2699(length)s 3361(\(Section)s
4220(3.2\))s 4655(whose)s 5329(unit)s 5768(of)s 6045(measurement)s
7386(is)s 220 fnt35 7602 12435(c)m 240 fnt82 7707 12438(,)m
220 fnt35 7821 12435(i)m 240 fnt82 7855 12438(,)m 220 fnt35
7968 12435(p)m 240 fnt82 8082 12438(,)m 220 fnt35 8196 12435(m)m
240 fnt82 8365 12438(,)m 220 fnt35 8478 12435(f)m 240 fnt82
8536 12438(,)m 220 fnt35 8650 12435(s)m 240 fnt82 8753 12438(,)m
8867(or)s 220 fnt35 0 12147(v)m 240 fnt82 109 12150(.)m
278(If)s 513(the)s 867(right)s 1383(parameter)s 2403(is)s
2618(not)s 2990(as)s 3245(wide)s 3772(as)s 4027(required,)s
4936(white)s 5528(space)s 6121(is)s 6336(added)s 6972(at)s
7209(the)s 7563(right;)s 8131(if)s 8354(it)s 8551(is)s
8767(too)s 0 11862(wide,)m 585(its)s 875(paragraphs)s 1988(are)s
2349(brok)s 2(en)k 3083(\(Section)s 3949(3.4\))s 4391(so)s
4670(that)s 5102(it)s 5308(\207ts.)s 5777(A)s 220 fnt35
6021 11859(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 7046 11862(operation)m 8020(is)s 8244(included)s
0 11574(in)m 257(the)s 620(ef)s 6(fect)k 1231(of)s
220 fnt35 1517 11571(@Wide)m 240 fnt82 2231 11574(,)m 2353(since)s
2915(it)s 3122(does)s 3627(not)s 4008(mak)s 2(e)k
4595(sense)s 5184(for)s 5537(an)s 5835(object)s 6494(of)s
6780(\207x)s 3(ed)k 7329(width)s 7946(to)s 8200(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 11286(column)m 775(marks.)s 552 10912(The)m
220 fnt35 993 10909(@High)m 240 fnt82 1725 10912(symbol)m 2498(similarly)s
3413(ensures)s 4194(that)s 4625(its)s 4914(result)s 5517(is)s
5740(of)s 6024(a)s 6203(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
6796(height,)s 7514(by)s 7821(adding)s 8539(white)s 0 10624(space)m
573(at)s 790(the)s 1123(bottom.)s 1950(In)s 2191(this)s
2572(case)s 3024(it)s 3201(is)s 3396(an)s 3664(error)s
4172(for)s 4495(the)s 4828(right)s 5324(parameter)s 6323(to)s
6547(be)s 6814(too)s 7158(lar)s 4(ge.)k 7780(A)s
220 fnt35 7995 10621(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 0 10336(operation)m
960(is)s 1170(included.)s 240 fnt84 0 9543(3.12.)m 591(@HShift)s
1550(and)s 1991(@VShift)s 240 fnt82 480 9111(The)m 220 fnt35
917 9108(@HShift)m 240 fnt82 1802 9111(symbol)m 2572(returns)s 3296(its)s
3582(right)s 4103(parameter)s 5127(with)s 5619(principal)s 6533(mark)s
7095(shifted)s 7813(as)s 8073(prescribed)s 0 8823(by)m 294(its)s
570(left)s 947(parameter:)s 220 fnt35 1124 8315(+)m 240 fnt83
1244 8320(length)m 220 fnt35 1897 8315(@HShift)m 240 fnt83 2772 8320(object)m
240 fnt82 3600 8318(Principal)m 4517(mark)s 5069(shifted)s 5777(to)s
6016(the)s 6364(right)s 6875(by)s 240 fnt83 7169 8320(length)m
240 fnt82 7762 8318(;)m 220 fnt35 1180 7810(-)m 240 fnt83
1244 7815(length)m 220 fnt35 1897 7810(@HShift)m 240 fnt83 2772 7815(object)m
240 fnt82 3600 7813(Principal)m 4517(mark)s 5069(shifted)s 5777(to)s
6016(the)s 6364(left)s 6741(by)s 240 fnt83 7035 7815(length)m
240 fnt82 7628 7813(;)m 240 fnt83 1244 7310(length)m 220 fnt35
1897 7305(@HShift)m 240 fnt83 2772 7310(object)m 240 fnt82 3600 7308(Principal)m
4512(mark)s 5058(shifted)s 5760(so)s 6020(as)s 6264(to)s
6497(lie)s 240 fnt83 6786 7310(length)m 240 fnt82 7433 7308(to)m
7666(the)s 8008(right)s 8513(of)s 8778(the)s 3600 7020(left)m
3977(edge)s 4485(of)s 240 fnt83 4756 7022(object)m 240 fnt82
5344 7020(;)m 0 6517(In)m 256(each)s 751(chase)s 220 fnt35
1338 6514(@HShift)m 240 fnt82 2213 6517(includes)m 3061(a)s 220 fnt35
3227 6514(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 4239 6517(ef)m 6(fect.)k 480 6143(The)m
916(units)s 1440(of)s 1720(measurement)s 3062(of)s 240 fnt83
3342 6145(length)m 240 fnt82 4003 6143(may)m 4478(be)s 220 fnt35
4768 6140(c)m 240 fnt82 4873 6143(,)m 220 fnt35 4989 6140(i)m
240 fnt82 5023 6143(,)m 220 fnt35 5138 6140(p)m 240 fnt82
5252 6143(,)m 220 fnt35 5368 6140(m)m 240 fnt82 5537 6143(,)m
220 fnt35 5652 6140(f)m 240 fnt82 5710 6143(,)m 220 fnt35
5825 6140(s)m 240 fnt82 5928 6143(,)m 220 fnt35 6044 6140(v)m
240 fnt82 6153 6143(,)m 6268(or)s 220 fnt35 6536 6140(w)m
240 fnt82 6692 6143(.)m 6864(In)s 7129(the)s 7485(latter)s
8043(case,)s 220 fnt35 8569 6140(1w)m 240 fnt82 8916 6143(is)m
0 5855(tak)m 2(en)k 579(to)s 825(be)s 1113(the)s
1468(width)s 2076(of)s 2354(the)s 2708(right)s 3226(parameter)s 9(,)k
4285(so)s 4557(that,)s 5029(for)s 5373(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 6294 5852(0.5w @HShift)m 240 fnt82 7699 5855(will)m 8132(centre)s
8778(the)s 0 5567(principal)m 904(column)s 1679(mark)s 2231(within)s
2899(the)s 3247(right)s 3758(parameter)s 13(.)k 548 5193(The)m
220 fnt35 984 5190(@VShift)m 240 fnt82 1855 5193(symbol)m 2624(is)s
2842(similar)s 3572(e)s 3(xcept)k 4261(that)s 4688(it)s
4888(applies)s 5624(v)s 3(ertically)k 6584(to)s 6832(the)s
7188(principal)s 8100(ro)s 6(w)k 8529(mark:)s 220 fnt35
0 4902(+)m 240 fnt83 120 4907(length)m 240 fnt82 771 4905(shifts)m
1337(it)s 1527(do)s 6(wn,)k 220 fnt35 2159 4902(-)m
240 fnt83 2223 4907(length)m 240 fnt82 2874 4905(shifts)m 3440(it)s
3629(up,)s 3974(and)s 240 fnt83 4376 4907(length)m 240 fnt82
5027 4905(shifts)m 5593(it)s 5783(to)s 240 fnt83 6019 4907(length)m
240 fnt82 6670 4905(belo)m 6(w)k 7301(the)s 7647(top)s
8004(edge)s 8510(of)s 8778(the)s 0 4617(object.)m 748(W)s 9(ith)k
220 fnt35 1274 4614(@VShift)m 240 fnt82 2077 4617(,)m 220 fnt35
2184 4614(1w)m 240 fnt82 2522 4617(is)m 2732(tak)s 2(en)k
3305(to)s 3544(be)s 3826(the)s 4174(height)s 4832(of)s
5103(the)s 5451(right)s 5962(parameter)s 13(.)k 240 fnt84
0 3824(3.13.)m 591(@HExpand)s 1854(and)s 2295(@VExpand)s 240 fnt82
558 3347(The)m 220 fnt35 1004 3344(@HExpand)m 240 fnt82 2195 3347(symbol)m
2973(causes)s 3666(its)s 3961(right)s 4490(parameter)s 5522(to)s
5779(be)s 6079(as)s 6348(wide)s 6887(as)s 7155(it)s
7365(possibly)s 8235(could)s 8844(be)s 0 3059(without)m 784(violating)s
1679(a)s 220 fnt35 1837 3056(@Wide)m 240 fnt82 2603 3059(symbol)m
3355(or)s 3606(intruding)s 4528(into)s 4945(the)s 5285(space)s
5864(occupied)s 6778(by)s 7064(neighbouring)s 8386(g)s 1(aps)k
8867(or)s 0 2771(objects.)m 841(The)s 220 fnt35 1269 2768(@VExpand)m
240 fnt82 2430 2771(symbol)m 3190(is)s 3400(similar)s 9(,)k
4160(b)s 4(ut)k 4522(it)s 4714(af)s 6(fects)k
5394(height.)s 6156(F)s 3(or)k 6545(e)s 3(xample,)k
7459(in)s 7702(the)s 8050(object)s 220 fnt35 480 2270(8i @Wide 11i @High {)m
480 1982(    //1i  ||1i @HExpand @VExpand x ||1i)m 480 1694(    //1i)m 480 1406(})m 240 fnt82 0 912(object)m
220 fnt35 655 909(x)m 240 fnt82 834 912(could)m 1435(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
1947(an)s 3(y)k 2356(size)s 2794(up)s 3098(to)s
3348(six)s 3694(inches)s 4367(wide)s 4899(by)s 5204(nine)s
5683(inches)s 6357(high,)s 6901(so)s 7178(the)s 220 fnt35
7537 909(@HExpand)m 240 fnt82 8722 912(and)m 220 fnt35 0 621(@VExpand)m
240 fnt82 1166 624(symbols)m 2021(cause)s 2614(it)s 2812(to)s
3057(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3564(e)s 3(xactly)k
4311(this)s 4713(size.)s 5254(This)s 5736(is)s 5952(important,)s
6994(for)s 7338(e)s 3(xample,)k 8258(if)s 220 fnt35
8481 621(x)m 240 fnt82 8655 624(con)m 8998(-)s 0 336(tains)m
220 fnt35 502 333(|1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 879 336(or)m
220 fnt35 1138 333(/1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 1459 336(;)m
1571(without)s 2362(the)s 2710(e)s 3(xpansion)k 3735(these)s
4282(might)s 4900(not)s 5266(mo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
5848(as)s 6098(f)s 2(ar)k 6420(across)s 7068(or)s
7327(do)s 6(wn)k 7911(as)s 8161(e)s 3(xpected.)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 49 55
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.13.)m 574(@HExpand)s 1765(and)s 2191(@VExpand)s
240 fnt84 8832 13840(49)m 240 fnt82 480 13204(As)m 809(Section)s
1595(2.6)s 1961(e)s 3(xplains)k 2818(in)s 3074(detail,)s
3723(most)s 4260(objects)s 5001(are)s 5360(already)s 6130(as)s
6392(lar)s 4(ge)k 6933(as)s 7196(the)s 3(y)k
7671(possibly)s 8536(could)s 0 12916(be.)m 379(Consequently)s 1738(these)s
2273(symbols)s 3110(are)s 3446(needed)s 4170(only)s 4638(rarely)s 15(.)k
220 fnt35 5331 12913(@HExpand)m 240 fnt82 6493 12916(includes)m 7329(a)s
220 fnt35 7483 12913(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 8483 12916(ef)m 6(fect,)k
0 12628(and)m 220 fnt35 404 12625(@VExpand)m 240 fnt82 1565 12628(includes)m
2413(a)s 220 fnt35 2579 12625(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82
3710 12628(ef)m 6(fect.)k 240 fnt84 0 11839(3.14.)m 591(@HContract)s
1976(and)s 2417(@VContract)s 240 fnt82 542 11407(The)m 220 fnt35
972 11404(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt82 2239 11407(symbol)m 3001(reduces)s
3784(the)s 4135(size)s 4564(of)s 4837(its)s 5116(right)s
5629(parameter)s 6645(to)s 6887(a)s 7055(reasonable)s 8136(minimum)s
0 11119(\(after)m 575(paragraph)s 1588(breaking\).)s 2668(F)s 3(or)k
3057(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 10618(5i @Wide @HContr)m 2(act { A |1r)k -8(t B })k
240 fnt82 0 10124(has)m 370(result)s 480 9673(A)m 650(B)s
0 9222(in)m 233(which)s 864(the)s 1201(B)s 1393(is)s
1592(much)s 2170(closer)s 2789(to)s 3017(the)s 3354(A)s
3574(than)s 4032(it)s 4213(w)s 2(ould)k 4857(otherwise)s
5831(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6321(been.)s 220 fnt35
6926 9219(@VContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt82 8167 9222(is)m 8366(similar)s 9(,)k
0 8934(b)m 4(ut)k 362(in)s 605(a)s 771(v)s 3(ertical)k
1538(direction.)s 2551(See)s 2952(Section)s 3726(2.6)s 4079(for)s
4417(a)s 4583(more)s 5130(e)s 3(xtensi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k
6077(discussion.)s 240 fnt84 0 8190(3.15.)m 591(@HLimited)s 1864(and)s
2305(@VLimited)s 240 fnt82 579 7758(The)m 220 fnt35 1047 7755(@HLimited)m
240 fnt82 2221 7758(symbol)m 3021(limits)s 3654(the)s 4042(width)s
4684(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5631(to)s 5910(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
6871(and)s 7315(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8277(symbols)s
0 7470(within)m 692(its)s 993(right)s 1529(parameter)s 2567(to)s
2831(whate)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 3783(is)s 4018(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
4950(without)s 5766(increasing)s 6826(the)s 7198(e)s 3(xisting)k
8030(size)s 8482(of)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt35 0 7179(@HLimited)m
240 fnt82 1138 7182(object.)m 1890(So)s 2199(this)s 2599(symbol)s
3362(acts)s 3788(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35 4204 7179(@Wide)m
240 fnt82 4981 7182(with)m 5467(respect)s 6206(to)s 6449(limiting)s
7261(the)s 7613(space)s 8204(occupied)s 0 6894(by)m 315(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
1258(and)s 1684(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2627(symbols,)s
3553(e)s 3(xcept)k 4256(that)s 4695(instead)s 5451(of)s
5744(enforcing)s 6734(a)s 6921(\207x)s 3(ed)k 7477(constant)s
8355(limit,)s 8934(it)s 0 6606(enforces)m 860(whate)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
1787(size)s 2214(is)s 2424(already)s 3181(in)s 3424(place.)s
480 6232(The)m 220 fnt35 904 6229(@VLimited)m 240 fnt82 2022 6232(symbol)m
2778(is)s 2983(e)s 3(xactly)k 3719(the)s 4063(same,)s
4656(e)s 3(xcept)k 5332(that)s 5746(it)s 5933(applies)s
6656(v)s 3(ertically)k 7604(rather)s 8215(than)s 8679(hor)s
8998(-)s 0 5944(izontally)m 15(.)k 240 fnt84 0 5151(3.16.)m
591(@HAdjust,)s 1804(@V)s 32(Adjust,)k 2972(and)s 3413(@P)s 17(Adjust)k
240 fnt82 551 4675(These)m 1189(symbols)s 2050(spread)s 2743(their)s
3252(right)s 3774(parameter)s 4800(apart)s 5348(until)s 5852(it)s
6056(occupies)s 6955(all)s 7260(the)s 7619(space)s 8218(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
0 4387(to)m 268(it;)s 220 fnt35 602 4384(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt82
1678 4387(adjusts)m 220 fnt35 2422 4384(|)m 240 fnt82 2549 4387(sequences,)m
220 fnt35 3656 4384(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 240 fnt82 4702 4387(adjusts)m
220 fnt35 5447 4384(/)m 240 fnt82 5601 4387(sequences,)m 6707(and)s
220 fnt35 7141 4384(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt82 8179 4387(adjusts)m
220 fnt35 8924 4384(&)m 240 fnt82 0 4099(sequences.)m 1134(F)s 3(or)k
1523(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 3598(4i @Wide @P)m 26(Adjust { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 })k
240 fnt82 0 3101(has)m 370(result)s 480 2646(1)m 1274(2)s
2088(3)s 2892(4)s 3706(5)s 4512(6)s 5325(7)s
6133(8)s 0 2192(More)m 571(precisely)s 15(,)k 1521(the)s
1865(widening)s 2806(is)s 3012(ef)s 6(fected)k 3828(by)s
4119(enlar)s 4(ging)k 5067(the)s 5411(size)s 5835(of)s
6102(each)s 6593(component)s 7714(e)s 3(xcept)k 8391(the)s
8735(last)s 0 1904(by)m 284(an)s 556(equal)s 1118(fraction)s
1907(of)s 2167(the)s 2504(space)s 3080(that)s 3488(w)s 2(ould)k
4132(otherwise)s 5106(be)s 5377(left)s 5744(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
6212(\211)s 6381(just)s 6775(the)s 7113(opposite)s 7969(of)s
8229(the)s 8566(usual)s 0 1616(procedure,)m 1063(which)s 1705(assigns)s
2447(all)s 2740(the)s 3088(lefto)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
3884(space)s 4471(to)s 4710(the)s 5058(last)s 5449(component)s
6573(\(Section)s 7426(2.6\).)s 220 fnt35 480 1239(@P)m 26(Adjust)k
240 fnt82 1497 1242(is)m 1716(used)s 2222(by)s 2525(the)s
220 fnt35 2883 1239(adjust)m 240 fnt82 3533 1242(and)m 220 fnt35
3946 1239(outdent)m 240 fnt82 4743 1242(options)m 5508(of)s 5789(the)s
220 fnt35 6146 1239(@Break)m 240 fnt82 7011 1242(symbol)m 7780(\(Section)s
8643(3.4\).)s 0 954(It)m 213(has)s 591(a)s 765(slight)s
1364(peculiarity:)s 2559(it)s 2759(will)s 3193(not)s 3567(enlar)s 4(ge)k
4330(components)s 5546(when)s 6130(the)s 6486(immediately)s 7742(follo)s 6(wing)k
8728(g)s 1(ap)k 0 666(has)m 398(width)s 1029(0.)s
1342(This)s 1847(is)s 2086(to)s 2354(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k
3151(space)s 3767(from)s 4320(appearing)s 5345(\(for)s 5791(e)s 3(xample\))k
6755(between)s 7638(a)s 7833(w)s 2(ord)k 8410(and)s
8843(an)s 0 378(immediately)m 1248(follo)s 6(wing)k 2225(comma.)s
3093(The)s 3521(other)s 4072(tw)s 2(o)k 4482(symbols)s
5331(will)s 5757(enlar)s 4(ge)k 6512(such)s 7008(components.)s

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 50 56
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(50)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt84 0 13203(3.17.)m
591(@HScale)s 1587(and)s 2028(@VScale)s 220 fnt35 538 12768(@HScale)m
240 fnt82 1516 12771(causes)m 2189(its)s 2462(right)s 2970(parameter)s
3982(to)s 4218(e)s 3(xpand)k 4962(to)s 5199(\207ll)s
5516(the)s 5861(space)s 6446(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k
7402(by)s 7693(geometricallly)s 0 12483(scaling)m 730(it:)s 220 fnt35
480 11982(4i @Wide @HScale { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 })m 240 fnt82 0 11488(has)m 370(result)s gsave
480 0 translate
4.4965 1.0000 scale
0 11033(1)m
155(2)s 329(3)s 493(4)s 667(5)s 833(6)s
1006(7)s 1174(8)s 
grestore
0 10579(and)m 220 fnt35 480 10128(0.5i @Wide @HScale { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 })m
240 fnt82 0 9634(has)m 370(result)s gsave
480 0 translate
0.5621 1.0000 scale
0 9179(1)m 155(2)s
329(3)s 493(4)s 667(5)s 833(6)s 1006(7)s
1174(8)s 
grestore
220 fnt35 0 8722(@HScale)m 240 fnt82 980 8725(\207rst)m
1409(applies)s 220 fnt35 2136 8722(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt82
3398 8725(to)m 3635(its)s 3910(parameter)s 9(,)k 4960(then)s
5427(horizontally)s 6635(scales)s 7254(it)s 7444(to)s 7682(the)s
8028(actual)s 8651(size.)s 0 8437(The)m 433(principal)s 1342(mark)s
1899(of)s 2175(the)s 2528(right)s 3044(parameter)s 4063(has)s
4438(no)s 4736(ef)s 6(fect)k 5337(on)s 5639(the)s
5992(result;)s 6639(the)s 6992(parameter)s 8011(is)s 8226(scaled)s
8887(to)s 0 8149(the)m 365(actual)s 1007(size)s 1451(and)s
1872(positioned)s 2944(to)s 3200(\207ll)s 3537(the)s 3902(space)s
4506(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable.)k 5539(\(T)s 19(aking)k
6347(account)s 7168(of)s 7456(alignment)s 8489(of)s 8778(the)s
0 7861(principal)m 904(mark)s 1456(only)s 1936(causes)s 2611(trouble)s
3344(in)s 3587(practice.\))s 220 fnt35 480 7484(@VScale)m 240 fnt82
1460 7487(is)m 1681(similar)s 9(,)k 2452(b)s 4(ut)k
2825(in)s 3080(a)s 3257(v)s 3(ertical)k 4035(direction.)s
220 fnt35 5059 7484(@HScale)m 240 fnt82 6051 7487(and)m 220 fnt35
6467 7484(@VScale)m 240 fnt82 7447 7487(each)m 7953(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
8465(both)s 8960(a)s 220 fnt35 0 7196(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82
1012 7199(and)m 1416(a)s 220 fnt35 1582 7196(@OneRo)m 3(w)k
240 fnt82 2713 7199(ef)m 6(fect.)k 240 fnt84 0 6451(3.18.)m
591(@HCo)s 2(v)k 2(er)k 1679(and)s 2120(@VCo)s 2(v)k 2(er)k
240 fnt82 529 6019(The)m 220 fnt35 946 6016(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k
240 fnt82 1941 6019(symbol)m 2690(v)s 3(ertically)k 3631(scales)s
4241(its)s 4506(right)s 5006(parameter)s 6009(so)s 6264(that)s
6671(it)s 6852(co)s 3(v)k 3(ers)k 7510(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k
8075(object)s 8708(that)s 0 5731(shares)m 648(its)s 924(ro)s 6(w)k
1344(mark.)s 1999(F)s 3(or)k 2388(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 480 5230(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er \( 45d @Rotate Hello @VCo)k 3(v)k 5(er \))k
240 fnt82 0 4734(produces)m 748 843 0 396 240 288 60 480 3551 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
748 843 0 396 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
gsave
0 396 translate
1.0000 4.1328 scale
0 -54(\()m 
grestore
gsave
210 396 translate
45.0000 rotate
0 -54(Hello)m 
grestore
gsave
680 396 translate
1.0000 4.1328 scale
0 -54(\))m

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 3100(The)m 428(ro)s 6(w)k 848(mark)s 1400(has)s
1770(been)s 2279(added)s 2909(to)s 3148(sho)s 6(w)k
3702(clearly)s 4405(where)s 5045(it)s 5237(lies.)s 5732(This)s
6208(should)s 6905(be)s 7187(compared)s 8188(with)s 220 fnt35
480 2599(@VScale \( 45d @Rotate Hello @VScale \))m 240 fnt82 0 2103(which)m 642(produces)s 748 486 0 39 240 288 60 480 1277 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
748 486 0 39 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
gsave
0 229 translate
1.0000 2.3824 scale
0 -54(\()m

grestore
gsave
210 39 translate
45.0000 rotate
0 -54(Hello)m 
grestore
gsave
0 229 translate
1.0000 2.3824 scale
680 -54(\))m 
grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
0 826(Scaling)m 786(abandons)s 1759(mark)s
2328(alignment)s 3361(and)s 3782(so)s 4065(is)s 4292(able)s
4763(to)s 5018(e)s 3(xactly)k 5776(co)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
6378(the)s 6743(rest)s 7164(of)s 7452(the)s 7817(ro)s 6(w)k 15(,)k
8292(whereas)s 0 538(co)m 3(v)k 3(ering)k 896(preserv)s 3(es)k
1859(mark)s 2424(alignment)s 3453(and)s 3869(so)s 4148(is)s
4371(obliged)s 5160(in)s 5415(general)s 6186(to)s 6438(more)s
6998(than)s 7479(co)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 8077(the)s
8438(rest)s 8855(of)s 0 250(the)m 348(ro)s 6(w)k 15(.)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 51 57
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.18.)m 574(@HCo)s 2(ver)k 1615(and)s
2041(@VCo)s 2(ver)k 240 fnt84 8839 13840(51)m 240 fnt82
480 13250(If)m 700(the)s 1038(parameter)s 2042(of)s 220 fnt35
2303 13247(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt82 3299 13250(has)m
3658(zero)s 4112(v)s 3(ertical)k 4869(size,)s 5337(this)s
5723(is)s 5923(tak)s 2(en)k 6485(to)s 6714(mean)s
7279(that)s 7687(co)s 3(v)k 3(ering)k 8561(is)s
8760(not)s 0 12962(required)m 863(after)s 1368(all)s 1670(and)s
2083(the)s 220 fnt35 2441 12959(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k
240 fnt82 3456 12962(is)m 3675(silently)s 4441(ignored.)s 5345(If)s
5585(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 6463(the)s
6820(parameter)s 7843(has)s 8223(non-zero)s 0 12674(size)m 434(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
1064(the)s 1420(mark)s 1980(b)s 4(ut)k 2350(zero)s
2822(size)s 3256(belo)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 3935(or)s
4202(vice)s 4664(v)s 3(ersa,)k 5280(this)s 5684(is)s
5901(tak)s 2(en)k 6482(to)s 6729(be)s 7019(an)s
7310(error)s 7841(since)s 8396(scaling)s 0 12386(cannot)m 698(mak)s 2(e)k
1270(the)s 1618(parameter)s 2632(co)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
3217(the)s 3565(rest)s 3969(of)s 4240(the)s 4588(ro)s 6(w)k 15(.)k
220 fnt35 480 12009(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt82
1505 12012(is)m 1722(similar)s 9(,)k 2489(horizontally)s 3705(co)s 3(v)k 3(ering)k
4596(all)s 4896(objects)s 5631(that)s 6056(share)s 6623(its)s
6906(column)s 7688(mark.)s 8350(Neither)s 0 11724(symbol)m 753(w)s 2(orks)k
1379(well)s 1837(near)s 2300(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
2926(tar)s 4(gets,)k 3658(because)s 4463(the)s 4803(scale)s
5328(f)s 2(actor)k 5934(to)s 6166(apply)s 6744(is)s
6946(determined)s 8071(before)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 11436(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k
634(\210ushing)s 1459(tak)s 2(es)k 1999(place.)s 240 fnt84
0 10643(3.19.)m 591(@StartHSpan,@StartVSpan,)s 3642(@StartHVSpan,)s 5374(@HSpan,)s 6416(and)s
6857(@VSpan)s 240 fnt82 556 10166(These)m 1199(symbols)s 2065(w)s 2(ork)k
2632(together)s 3492(to)s 3747(produce)s 4591(spanning)s 5525(columns)s
6403(and)s 6824(ro)s 6(ws)k 7350(in)s 7610(a)s
7792(more)s 8356(\210e)s 3(xible)k 0 9878(w)m 2(ay)k
451(than)s 920(is)s 1130(possible)s 1970(in)s 2213(practice)s
3024(with)s 220 fnt35 3506 9875(//)m 240 fnt82 3691 9878(and)m
220 fnt35 4095 9875(||)m 240 fnt82 4189 9878(.)m 4353(An)s
4703(object)s 220 fnt35 480 9377(@Star)m -8(tHSpan object)k 240 fnt82
0 8880(causes)m 220 fnt35 682 8877(object)m 240 fnt82 1330 8880(to)m
1577(be)s 1866(printed,)s 2658(b)s 4(ut)k 3027(occup)s 2(ying)k
4084(all)s 4384(the)s 4740(horizontal)s 5771(space)s 6366(to)s
6612(the)s 6968(right)s 7486(on)s 7791(the)s 8146(ro)s 6(w)k
8574(mark)s 0 8592(on)m 289(which)s 922(it)s 1105(lies)s
1478(up)s 1762(to)s 1992(and)s 2387(including)s 3335(the)s
3675(rightmost)s 220 fnt35 4642 8589(@HSpan)m 240 fnt82 5572 8592(symbol)m
6323(on)s 6611(that)s 7020(mark)s 7563(not)s 7920(preceded)s
8832(by)s 220 fnt35 0 8301(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt82
1496 8304(,)m 220 fnt35 1603 8301(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt82
2953 8304(,)m 220 fnt35 3059 8301(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt82
4397 8304(,)m 4503(or)s 220 fnt35 4761 8301(@VSpan)m 240 fnt82
5628 8304(.)m 5791(The)s 6218(column)s 6992(mark)s 7543(of)s
7813(this)s 8208(spanning)s 0 8016(object)m 644(is)s 854(not)s
1220(constrained)s 2380(to)s 2619(align)s 3154(with)s 3636(an)s 3(y)k
4033(of)s 4304(the)s 4652(column)s 5427(marks)s 6062(of)s
6333(the)s 6681(columns)s 7543(it)s 7735(spans.)s 480 7642(If)m
739(there)s 1301(is)s 1541(no)s 220 fnt35 1863 7639(@HSpan)m
240 fnt82 2831 7642(symbol)m 3621(an)s 3(ywhere)k 4633(to)s
4901(the)s 5279(right)s 5819(of)s 220 fnt35 6119 7639(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k
240 fnt82 7469 7642(,)m 7606(then)s 8104(the)s 8482(object)s
0 7354(spans)m 585(only)s 1067(its)s 1345(o)s 6(wn)k
1811(column.)s 2695(This)s 3173(means)s 3837(that)s 4257(it)s
4451(occupies)s 5341(that)s 5761(column)s 6538(as)s 6790(usual)s
7352(b)s 4(ut)k 7716(its)s 7994(mark)s 8548(is)s
8760(not)s 0 7066(constrained)m 1160(to)s 1399(align)s 1934(with)s
2416(those)s 2977(of)s 3248(the)s 3596(other)s 4147(objects)s
4875(in)s 5118(the)s 5466(column.)s 480 6692(Similarly)m 15(,)k
1457(the)s 220 fnt35 1801 6689(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt82
3196 6692(symbol)m 3952(causes)s 4624(its)s 4896(object)s 5537(to)s
5772(occup)s 2(y)k 6513(all)s 6802(the)s 7147(v)s 3(ertical)k
7910(space)s 8493(belo)s 6(w)k 0 6404(it)m 191(on)s
486(the)s 832(column)s 1605(mark)s 2155(on)s 2451(which)s
3091(it)s 3281(lies,)s 3717(do)s 6(wn)k 4299(to)s
4537(and)s 4939(including)s 5894(the)s 6240(bottommost)s 220 fnt35
7441 6401(@VSpan)m 240 fnt82 8366 6404(symbol)m 0 6116(on)m 294(that)s
708(mark)s 1256(not)s 1618(preceded)s 2535(by)s 2825(a)s
220 fnt35 2987 6113(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt82 4483 6116(,)m
220 fnt35 4586 6113(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt82 5936 6116(,)m
220 fnt35 6039 6113(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt82 7377 6116(,)m
7480(or)s 220 fnt35 7735 6113(@HSpan)m 240 fnt82 8614 6116(;)m
8722(and)s 0 5828(if)m 206(there)s 728(is)s 927(no)s
220 fnt35 1209 5825(@VSpan)m 240 fnt82 2125 5828(symbol)m 2874(an)s 3(ywhere)k
3846(belo)s 6(w)k 4468(it)s 4649(on)s 4935(that)s
5342(mark,)s 5929(then)s 6387(the)s 6724(object)s 7357(spans)s
7929(only)s 8398(its)s 8662(o)s 6(wn)k 0 5540(ro)m 6(w)k 15(,)k
458(occup)s 2(ying)k 1507(its)s 1783(ro)s 6(w)k
2203(b)s 4(ut)k 2565(with)s 3047(its)s 3323(mark)s
3875(not)s 4241(constrained)s 5401(to)s 5640(align)s 6175(with)s
6657(the)s 7005(ro)s 6(w)k 7425(mark.)s 480 5166(The)m
220 fnt35 949 5163(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt82 2547 5166(symbol)m
3349(combines)s 4359(the)s 4748(ef)s 6(fects)k 5470(of)s
220 fnt35 5783 5163(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt82 7235 5166(and)m
220 fnt35 7681 5163(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt82 9019 5166(,)m
0 4878(allo)m 6(wing)k 884(an)s 1167(object)s 1811(to)s
2050(span)s 2546(both)s 3029(columns)s 3891(and)s 4295(ro)s 6(ws)k
4805(simultaneously)s 15(.)k 6402(F)s 3(or)k 6791(e)s 3(xample,)k
7705(in)s 220 fnt35 480 4377(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan x  |  | @HSpan)k 480 4089(/)m
480 3801(@VSpan   |  |)m 240 fnt82 0 3305(the)m 378(object)s 220 fnt35
1052 3302(x)m 240 fnt82 1250 3305(will)m 1706(occup)s 2(y)k
2481(a)s 2677(rectangular)s 3841(area)s 4328(spanning)s 5276(three)s
5840(columns,)s 6788(tw)s 2(o)k 7228(ro)s 6(ws,)k
7824(and)s 8258(the)s 8637(g)s 1(aps)k 0 3017(between)m
854(them.)s 480 2643(The)m 908(objects)s 1636(lying)s 2182(in)s
2425(the)s 2774(re)s 3(gion)k 3439(spanned)s 4283(should)s
4980(all)s 5274(be)s 5556(empty)s 15(,)k 6247(or)s
6506(the)s 220 fnt35 6855 2640(@HSpan)m 240 fnt82 7794 2643(and)m
220 fnt35 8199 2640(@VSpan)m 240 fnt82 0 2355(symbols)m 865(can)s
1271(be)s 1570(used)s 2084(to)s 2340(document)s 3360(the)s
3725(spanning)s 4660(that)s 5095(is)s 5322(occurring.)s 6418(At)s
6734(present)s 7501(there)s 8051(may)s 8534(be)s 8833(no)s
0 2067(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 639(tar)s 4(gets)k
1328(or)s 1593(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2521(symbols)s
3376(within)s 4050(the)s 4404(right)s 4921(parameter)s 5941(of)s
220 fnt35 6218 2064(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt82 7568 2067(,)m
220 fnt35 7681 2064(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt82 9019 2067(,)m
0 1779(or)m 220 fnt35 246 1776(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt82
1742 1779(.)m 1892(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
2838(the)s 3172(right)s 3670(parameter)s 4670(may)s 5122(otherwise)s
6093(be)s 6362(an)s 6631(arbitrary)s 7492(object,)s 8169(including)s
0 1491(paragraphs)m 1100(of)s 1371(te)s 3(xt)k 1786(that)s
2204(require)s 2936(breaking.)s 480 1117(If)m 722(the)s 1082(right)s
1605(parameter)s 2631(of)s 220 fnt35 2914 1114(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k
240 fnt82 4264 1117(,)m 220 fnt35 4383 1114(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k
240 fnt82 5721 1117(,)m 5840(or)s 220 fnt35 6111 1114(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k
240 fnt82 7679 1117(occupies)m 8579(more)s 0 829(horizontal)m 1022(or)s
1279(v)s 3(ertical)k 2044(space)s 2629(than)s 3095(all)s
3386(of)s 3655(the)s 4001(spanned)s 4842(columns)s 5701(or)s
5958(ro)s 6(ws)k 6466(combined)s 7466(require,)s 8247(the)s
8592(e)s 3(xtra)k 0 541(space)m 601(goes)s 1106(into)s
1546(the)s 1908(last)s 2314(spanned)s 3172(column)s 3962(or)s
4235(ro)s 6(w)k 15(.)k 4765(Ov)s 3(erlapping)k
6026(spanning)s 6958(ro)s 6(ws)k 7483(and)s 7902(columns)s
8779(are)s 0 253(permitted.)m 1081(Gaps)s 1626(spanned)s 2471(by)s
2767(span)s 3266(objects)s 3996(are)s 4345(unbreakable)s 5572(\(their)s
220 fnt35 6151 250(u)m 240 fnt82 6321 253(indicator)m 7232(is)s
7444(set)s 7772(automatically)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 52 58
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(52)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(and)m
404(cannot)s 1102(be)s 1384(re)s 6(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed\).)k
240 fnt84 0 12422(3.20.)m 591(@Scale)s 240 fnt82 588 11990(This)m
1112(symbol)s 1920(geometrically)s 3335(scales)s 4004(its)s 4328(right)s
4887(parameter)s 5949(by)s 6291(the)s 6687(scale)s 7268(f)s 2(actor)k
7930(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8558(in)s 8850(its)s
0 11702(left)m 377(parameter:)s 220 fnt35 480 11201(1.0 @Scale Hello  2.0 @Scale Hello  0.5 @Scale Hello)m 240 fnt82
0 10746(has)m 370(result)s gsave
480 10238 translate
1.0000 1.0000 scale
0 -54(Hello)m 
grestore
gsave
1124 10238 translate
2.0000 2.0000 scale
0 -54(Hello)m 
grestore
gsave
2292 10238 translate
0.5000 0.5000 scale
0 -54(Hello)m

grestore
0 9675(The)m 433(left)s 815(parameter)s 1834(can)s 2228(be)s
2515(tw)s 2(o)k 2930(scale)s 3468(f)s 2(actors,)k
4227(in)s 4475(which)s 5122(case)s 5594(the)s 5947(\207rst)s
6383(applies)s 7116(horizontally)s 15(,)k 8368(and)s 8778(the)s
0 9387(second)m 723(v)s 3(ertically:)k 220 fnt35 480 8886({0.5 2.0} @Scale Hello)m
240 fnt82 0 8392(has)m 370(result)s gsave
480 7884 translate
0.5000 2.0000 scale
0 -54(Hello)m 
grestore
0 7321(The)m
433(left)s 815(parameter)s 1834(may)s 2305(be)s 2592(empty)s 15(,)k
3287(in)s 3535(which)s 4182(case)s 4654(Lout)s 5171(will)s
5602(scale)s 6140(the)s 6493(object)s 7142(by)s 7441(a)s
7612(common)s 8512(f)s 2(actor)k 0 7033(horizontally)m 1209(and)s
1613(v)s 3(ertically)k 2565(so)s 2831(as)s 3081(to)s
3320(occup)s 2(y)k 4064(all)s 4357(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
5265(horizontal)s 6289(space:)s 220 fnt35 480 6532({} @Scale { Hello w)m 2(or)k -3(ld })k
240 fnt82 0 6038(has)m 370(result)s gsave
0 4881 translate
7.9609 7.9609 scale
0 -54(Hello)m 583(w)s 2(orld)k

grestore
0 3977(The)m 433(right)s 949(parameter)s 1969(may)s 2440(be)s
2728(an)s 3(y)k 3130(object.)s 220 fnt35 3884 3974(@Scale)m
240 fnt82 4712 3977(has)m 5088(both)s 5576(a)s 220 fnt35
5748 3974(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 6765 3977(and)m 7175(a)s 220 fnt35
7346 3974(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 8483 3977(ef)m 6(fect,)k
0 3689(and)m 404(the)s 752(marks)s 1387(of)s 1658(the)s
2006(result)s 2596(coincide)s 3462(with)s 3944(the)s 4292(principal)s
5196(marks)s 5831(of)s 6102(the)s 6450(right)s 6961(parameter)s 13(.)k
240 fnt84 0 2896(3.21.)m 591(@Rotate)s 240 fnt82 542 2464(The)m
220 fnt35 973 2461(@Rotate)m 240 fnt82 1897 2464(symbol)m 2660(will)s
3089(rotate)s 3691(its)s 3970(right)s 4484(parameter)s 5501(counterclockwise)s
7233(an)s 7519(amount)s 8300(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
8883(in)s 0 2176(de)m 3(grees)k 778(\(positi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
1661(or)s 1920(ne)s 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e\))k
2845(by)s 3139(its)s 3415(left)s 3792(parameter)s 13(.)k
4897(F)s 3(or)k 5286(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35
480 1675(30d  @Rotate  { hello)m 8(, w)k 2(or)k -3(ld })k 240 fnt82
0 1181(has)m 370(result)s gsave
534 228 translate
30.0000 rotate
0 -54(hello,)m 583(w)s 2(orld)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 53 59
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13845(3.21.)m 574(@Rotate)s 240 fnt84 8833 13842(53)m
240 fnt82 0 13251(Before)m 710(rotating)s 1511(the)s 1863(object,)s
220 fnt35 2559 13248(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 3576 13251(and)m 220 fnt35
3984 13248(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 5120 13251(are)m 5471(applied)s
6238(to)s 6482(it.)s 6782(The)s 7215(result)s 7809(is)s
8024(a)s 8195(rectangle)s 0 12963(whose)m 668(marks)s 1303(pass)s
1766(through)s 2568(the)s 2916(point)s 3468(where)s 4108(the)s
4456(original)s 5254(marks)s 5889(crossed:)s 1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 480 11740 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
240 fnt78 2547 11793(\336)m
gsave
3256 11586 translate
240 fnt82 1515 1037 379 267 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
1515 1037 379 267 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
1515 1037 379 267 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
gsave
379 267 translate
30.0000 rotate
1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 -340 -113 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
240 fnt82 0 11135(As)m 324(this)s 728(e)s 3(xample)k
1598(sho)s 6(ws,)k 2306(rotation)s 3113(by)s 3415(an)s
3705(angle)s 4287(other)s 4845(than)s 5322(a)s 5495(multiple)s
6355(of)s 6633(ninety)s 7293(de)s 3(grees)k 8079(introduces)s
0 10847(quite)m 534(a)s 700(lot)s 1012(of)s 1283(white)s
1870(space.)s 2565(So,)s 2925(for)s 3263(e)s 3(xample,)k
4177(the)s 4525(result)s 5115(of)s 220 fnt35 480 10339(-30d)m
968(@Rotate)s 1890(30d)s 2305(@Rotate)s 240 fnt83 3286 10344(object)m
240 fnt82 0 9841(is)m 210(a)s 376(much)s 965(lar)s 4(ger)k
1577(object)s 2221(than)s 240 fnt83 2690 9843(object)m 240 fnt82
3278 9841(,)m 3385(despite)s 4118(the)s 4466(f)s 2(act)k
4881(that)s 5299(one)s 5701(rotation)s 6501(cancels)s 7255(the)s
7603(other)s 13(.)k 480 9467(Rotation)m 1362(of)s 1634(objects)s
2363(containing)s 3427(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4350(and)s
4755(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5678(symbols)s 6528(is)s
6739(permitted,)s 7762(b)s 4(ut)k 8125(for)s 8464(angles)s
0 9179(other)m 553(than)s 1024(multiples)s 1967(of)s 2240(ninety)s
2894(de)s 3(grees)k 3675(it)s 3869(is)s 4082(best)s
4529(to)s 4770(mak)s 2(e)k 5345(the)s 5695(size)s
6125(of)s 6398(the)s 6748(rotated)s 7472(object)s 8118(clear)s
8644(with)s 220 fnt35 0 8888(@Wide)m 240 fnt82 774 8891(and)m
220 fnt35 1178 8888(@High)m 240 fnt82 1897 8891(symbols:)m 220 fnt35
480 8390(30d @Rotate 5i @Wide 4i @High)m 480 8102({   //1i @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 7814(    //1i)m
480 7526(})m 240 fnt82 0 7032(This)m 532(is)s 798(because)s
1667(for)s 2061(angles)s 2779(other)s 3386(than)s 3911(multiples)s
4907(of)s 5234(ninety)s 5942(de)s 3(grees)k 6776(the)s
7180(space)s 7823(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8788(for)s
220 fnt35 0 6741(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt82
1218 6744(to)m 1457(occup)s 2(y)k 2201(is)s 2411(indeterminate,)s
3831(and)s 4235(the)s 4583(result)s 5173(is)s 5383(poor)s 13(.)k
240 fnt84 0 5951(3.22.)m 591(@Backgr)s 4(ound)k 240 fnt82
577 5474(The)m 220 fnt35 1042 5471(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k
240 fnt82 2515 5474(symbol)m 3312(will)s 3775(print)s 4323(its)s
4637(left)s 5051(parameter)s 6102(in)s 6382(the)s 6767(background)s
7993(of)s 8301(its)s 8615(right)s 0 5186(parameter)m 13(.)k
1115(That)s 1624(is,)s 1901(the)s 2260(result)s 2860(has)s
3241(the)s 3600(size)s 4038(of)s 4319(the)s 4678(right)s
5200(parameter)s 9(,)k 6263(b)s 4(ut)k 6635(the)s
6994(left)s 7382(parameter)s 8407(will)s 8844(be)s 0 4898(printed)m
735(\207rst)s 1166(in)s 1409(the)s 1757(same)s 2304(space,)s
2942(with)s 3424(its)s 3700(marks)s 4335(aligned)s 5097(with)s
5579(the)s 5927(marks)s 6562(of)s 6833(the)s 7181(right)s
7692(parameter)s 13(.)k 240 fnt84 0 4105(3.23.)m 591(@K)s 6(er)k 3(nShrink)k
240 fnt82 541 3673(This)m 1018(symbol)s 1779(returns)s 2495(its)s
2772(right)s 3284(parameter)s 4300(unchanged)s 5397(in)s 5641(appearance)s
6774(b)s 4(ut)k 7137(occup)s 2(ying)k 8187(a)s
8355(slightly)s 0 3385(smaller)m 770(bounding)s 1737(box.)s 2269(The)s
2705(reduction)s 3673(is)s 3891(by)s 4193(the)s 4549(amount)s
5335(of)s 5614(k)s 2(erning)k 6404(that)s 6830(w)s 2(ould)k
7493(be)s 7783(applied)s 8553(if)s 8778(the)s 0 3097(right)m
511(parameter)s 1525(w)s 2(as)k 1946(immediately)s 240 fnt83
3194 3099(followed)m 240 fnt82 4084 3097(by)m 4378(the)s 4726(left)s
5103(parameter)s 13(.)k 6208(F)s 3(or)k 6597(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 480 2596(.)m 13( @K)k 8(er)k -5(nShr)k -3(ink P)k
240 fnt82 0 2141(has)m 370(result)s 104 158 0 54 240 288 60 480 1693 LoutGr2
LoutBox   stroke
grestore
0 0(P)m 
grestore
0 1242(where)m
649(a)s 824(box)s 1249(of)s 1529(size)s 1965(0)s
2150(has)s 2529(been)s 3048(dra)s 3(wn)k 3709(around)s
4441(the)s 4799(result)s 5398(to)s 5647(mak)s 2(e)k
6228(its)s 6513(e)s 3(xtent)k 7164(clear)s 13(.)k
7787(Compare)s 8730(this)s 0 954(with)m 482(`P')s 806(alone:)s
130 158 0 54 240 288 60 480 505 LoutGr2
LoutBox   stroke
grestore
0 0(P)m 
grestore
0 54(in)m 243(which)s 885(the)s 1232(bounding)s
2191(box)s 2605(e)s 3(xactly)k 3346(encloses)s 4206(the)s
4554(object,)s 5245(or)s 5503(at)s 5735(least)s 6231(is)s
6441(supposed)s 7390(to.)s 7740(The)s 8167(bounding)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 54 60
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(54)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(box)m
415(is)s 625(smaller)s 1387(on)s 1684(the)s 2032(right)s
2543(by)s 2837(the)s 3185(amount)s 3963(of)s 4234(k)s 2(erning)k
5016(that)s 5434(w)s 2(ould)k 6089(be)s 6371(applied)s
7133(between)s 7987(`P')s 8311(and)s 8715(`.)s 16('.)k
480 12831(The)m 916(only)s 1405(kno)s 6(wn)k 2117(use)s
2501(for)s 2847(this)s 3252(symbol)s 4020(is)s 4239(to)s
4486(produce)s 5322(tuck)s 2(ed-in)k 6288(subscripts)s 7304(in)s
7555(the)s 7912(Eq)s 8245(equation)s 0 12543(formatting)m 1061(package.)s
240 fnt84 0 11750(3.24.)m 591(@Common,)s 1872(@Rump,)s 2847(and)s
3288(@Meld)s 240 fnt82 540 11273(The)m 220 fnt35 968 11270(@Common)m
240 fnt82 2127 11273(and)m 220 fnt35 2531 11270(@Rump)m 240 fnt82
3391 11273(symbols)m 4240(compare)s 5119(tw)s 2(o)k 5529(paragraph)s
6542(objects:)s 220 fnt35 480 10772({ Aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(k, 29 } @Common { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(k, 359 })k
240 fnt82 0 10278(If)m 234(either)s 842(parameter)s 1860(is)s
2075(not)s 2446(a)s 2616(paragraph)s 3634(object,)s 4329(it)s
4526(is)s 4741(con)s 9(v)k 3(erted)k 5734(into)s
6164(a)s 6334(single-object)s 7633(paragraph)s 8651(\207rst.)s 0 9990(The)m
418(result)s 998(of)s 220 fnt35 1259 9987(@Common)m 240 fnt82
2408 9990(is)m 2608(the)s 2946(common)s 3831(pre\207x)s 4433(of)s
4694(the)s 5032(tw)s 2(o)k 5432(paragraphs;)s 6583(that)s
6991(is,)s 7247(those)s 7798(initial)s 8398(objects)s 0 9702(which)m
640(are)s 985(equal)s 1555(in)s 1796(the)s 2142(tw)s 2(o)k
2549(paragraphs.)s 3760(In)s 4013(the)s 4359(e)s 3(xample)k
5220(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 5890(the)s 6236(result)s
6824(is)s 220 fnt35 7031 9699(Aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(k,)k
240 fnt82 7949 9702(.)m 8111(The)s 8536(result)s 0 9414(of)m
220 fnt35 271 9411(@Rump)m 240 fnt82 1131 9414(is)m 1341(that)s
1759(part)s 2190(of)s 2461(the)s 2809(second)s 3532(object)s
4176(which)s 4818(is)s 5028(not)s 5394(included)s 6276(in)s
220 fnt35 6519 9411(@Common)m 240 fnt82 7618 9414(;)m 7730(the)s
8078(result)s 8668(of)s 220 fnt35 480 8913({ Aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(k, 29 } @Rump { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(k, 359 })k
240 fnt82 0 8417(is)m 220 fnt35 210 8414(359)m 240 fnt82
567 8417(.)m 480 8043(If)m 698(the)s 1034(tw)s 2(o)k
1431(objects)s 2147(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2635(nothing)s
3408(in)s 3638(common,)s 4571(the)s 4907(result)s 5484(of)s
220 fnt35 5743 8040(@Common)m 240 fnt82 6889 8043(will)m 7303(be)s
7572(an)s 7843(empty)s 8482(object)s 0 7755(and)m 400(the)s
744(result)s 1330(of)s 220 fnt35 1597 7752(@Rump)m 240 fnt82
2453 7755(will)m 2874(be)s 3152(the)s 3496(second)s 4215(object.)s
4959(If)s 5185(the)s 5528(tw)s 2(o)k 5934(objects)s
6658(are)s 7001(identical,)s 7926(the)s 8270(result)s 8855(of)s
220 fnt35 0 7464(@Common)m 240 fnt82 1159 7467(will)m 1585(be)s
1867(the)s 2215(\207rst)s 2646(object,)s 3337(and)s 3741(the)s
4089(result)s 4679(of)s 220 fnt35 4950 7464(@Rump)m 240 fnt82
5810 7467(will)m 6236(be)s 6518(an)s 6801(empty)s 7453(object.)s
480 7093(The)m 933(only)s 1438(kno)s 6(wn)k 2167(use)s
2567(for)s 220 fnt35 2930 7090(@Rump)m 240 fnt82 3815 7093(and)m
220 fnt35 4244 7090(@Common)m 240 fnt82 5428 7093(is)m 5663(to)s
5927(implement)s 7034(mer)s 4(ged)k 7830(inde)s 3(x)k
8439(entries)s 0 6805(\(Section)m 853(2.8\).)s 480 6431(The)m 220 fnt35
947 6428(@Meld)m 240 fnt82 1732 6431(symbol)m 2531(returns)s 3284(the)s
3671(minimum)s 4700(meld)s 5275(of)s 5585(tw)s 2(o)k
6034(paragraphs,)s 7229(that)s 7686(is)s 7935(the)s 8323(shortest)s
0 6143(paragraph)m 1013(that)s 1431(contains)s 2279(the)s 2627(tw)s 2(o)k
3037(original)s 3835(paragraphs)s 4935(as)s 5185(subsequences.)s 6652(F)s 3(or)k
7041(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 5642({ Aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(k , 1 , 2 } @Meld { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(k , 2 , 3 })k
240 fnt82 0 5148(produces)m 480 4645(Aardv)m 6(ark)k 1438(,)s
1545(1)s 1700(,)s 1807(2)s 1981(,)s 2088(3)s
0 4161(The)m 455(result)s 1073(is)s 1310(related)s 2045(to)s
2312(the)s 2687(well-kno)s 6(wn)k 3909(longest)s 4688(common)s
5610(substring,)s 6622(in)s 6893(that)s 7338(the)s 7714(meld)s
8278(contains)s 0 3873(e)m 6(v)k 3(erything)k 1076(not)s
1451(in)s 1704(the)s 2061(lcs)s 2387(plus)s 2846(one)s
3257(cop)s 2(y)k 3785(of)s 4065(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k
5142(in)s 5394(the)s 5751(lcs.)s 6190(This)s 6675(function)s
7539(is)s 7758(well-suited)s 8887(to)s 0 3585(melding)m 830(comple)s 3(x)k
1698(inde)s 3(x)k 2274(entries.)s 3067(Note)s 3580(that)s
3990(there)s 4515(must)s 5033(be)s 5307(a)s 5465(non-zero)s
6360(amount)s 7131(of)s 7394(space)s 7973(before)s 8631(each)s
0 3297(comma,)m 805(otherwise)s 1783(each)s 2271(will)s 2690(become)s
3484(part)s 3908(of)s 4172(the)s 4513(preceding)s 5502(w)s 2(ord,)k
6093(and,)s 6539(since)s 220 fnt35 7079 3294(@Meld)m 240 fnt82
7818 3297(compares)m 8778(the)s 0 3009(tw)m 2(o)k 410(paragraphs)s
1510(w)s 2(ord)k 2058(by)s 2352(w)s 2(ord,)k
2949(the)s 3297(result)s 3887(will)s 4313(be)s 4595(dif)s 6(ferent)k
5470(and)s 5874(less)s 6283(satisf)s 2(actory)k 15(.)k
240 fnt84 0 2216(3.25.)m 591(@Insert)s 240 fnt82 541 1784(The)m
220 fnt35 970 1781(@Inser)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 1808 1784(symbol)m
2569(inserts)s 3245(its)s 3522(left)s 3901(parameter)s 4916(at)s
5149(the)s 5499(be)s 3(ginning)k 6508(of)s 6781(the)s
7130(\207rst)s 7563(paragraph)s 8577(of)s 8850(its)s 0 1496(right)m
511(parameter:)s 220 fnt35 480 995(X @Inser)m -8(t { A B // C // D })k 240 fnt82
0 501(is)m 210(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 1254(to)s

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 55 61
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13845(3.25.)m 574(@Insert)s 240 fnt84 8833 13842(55)m
220 fnt35 480 13254({ XA B // C // D })m 240 fnt82 0 12760(Notice)m 707(that)s
1139(a)s 1320(zero-width)s 2426(space)s 3028(separates)s 220 fnt35
3968 12757(X)m 240 fnt82 4185 12760(from)m 4723(the)s 5085(\207rst)s
5531(paragraph,)s 6608(so)s 6889(if)s 7120(some)s 7696(wider)s
8314(space)s 8916(is)s 0 12472(required)m 857(it)s 1052(must)s
1580(be)s 1865(placed)s 2550(at)s 2785(the)s 3137(end)s
3544(of)s 220 fnt35 3818 12469(X)m 240 fnt82 3960 12472(.)m
4127(The)s 220 fnt35 4558 12469(@Inser)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82
5397 12472(operation)m 6361(is)s 6574(applied)s 7339(to)s 7581(the)s
7932(v)s 6(alue)k 8503(of)s 8778(the)s 0 12184(right)m
511(parameter)s 1525(after)s 2021(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluation.)k
480 11810(The)m 917(only)s 1407(kno)s 6(wn)k 2121(use)s
2506(for)s 2853(this)s 3259(symbol)s 4029(is)s 4249(to)s
4498(attach)s 5134(something)s 6194(lik)s 2(e)k 240 fnt84
6616 11809(Figur)m 4(e)k 7355(6)s 240 fnt82 7538 11810(to)m
7787(the)s 8145(front)s 8679(of)s 8960(a)s 0 11522(multi-paragraph)m
1596(caption.)s 240 fnt84 0 10729(3.26.)m 591(@OneOf)s 240 fnt82
534 10297(The)m 220 fnt35 956 10294(@OneOf)m 240 fnt82 1877 10297(symbol)m
2631(returns)s 3339(one)s 3734(of)s 3999(the)s 4341(sequence)s
5268(of)s 5533(objects)s 6254(which)s 6890(is)s 7094(its)s
7364(right)s 7869(parameter)s 8876(as)s 0 10009(its)m 276(result:)s
220 fnt35 480 9558(@OneOf {)m 480 9270(    @ResultA)m 480 8982(    @ResultB)m 480 8694(    @ResultC)m
480 8406(})m 240 fnt82 0 7912(The)m 451(choice)s 1155(is)s
1388(made)s 1986(to)s 2248(ensure)s 2952(that)s 3393(whate)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
4344(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5001(tar)s 4(get)k
5624(is)s 5857(required)s 6735(at)s 6990(the)s 7362(moment)s
8229(is)s 8463(found.)s 0 7624(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k
1304(if)s 1522(we)s 1858(are)s 2206(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluating)k
220 fnt35 3244 7621(@OneOf)m 240 fnt82 4172 7624(as)m 4423(part)s
4855(of)s 5127(an)s 5411(attempt)s 6188(to)s 6428(attach)s
7056(a)s 7223(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7858(whose)s
8527(tar)s 4(get)k 0 7336(is)m 220 fnt35 222 7333(@SomeT)m 26(arget)k
240 fnt82 1622 7336(,)m 1741(then)s 2223(the)s 2583(result)s
3186(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 3820(will)s 4259(be)s
220 fnt35 4553 7333(@ResultA)m 240 fnt82 5613 7336(if)m 5843(it)s
6047(contains)s 220 fnt35 6908 7333(@SomeT)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt82
8308 7336(,)m 8427(or)s 8699(else)s 220 fnt35 0 7045(@ResultB)m
240 fnt82 1042 7048(if)m 1260(it)s 1453(contains)s 220 fnt35
2302 7045(@SomeT)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt82 3702 7048(,)m 3810(or)s
4070(else)s 220 fnt35 4498 7045(@ResultC)m 240 fnt82 5552 7048(\(whether)m
6462(or)s 6722(not)s 7089(it)s 7282(contains)s 8131(the)s
8480(tar)s 4(get,)k 0 6760(or)m 259(if)s 476(there)s
1009(is)s 1219(no)s 1512(tar)s 4(get\).)k 480 6386(Use)m
930(of)s 220 fnt35 1224 6383(@OneOf)m 240 fnt82 2174 6386(in)m
2440(conjunction)s 3650(with)s 4155(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5100(symbols)s 5972(can)s 6384(lead)s 6863(to)s 7125(problems.)s
8202(Consider)s 0 6098(this)m 396(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt35
480 5597(def @Recursiv)m 5(e {)k 480 5021(    def @ChoiceA { @APlace // @Recursiv)m 5(e })k 480 4445(    def @ChoiceB { @BPlace // @Recursiv)m 5(e })k
480 3869(    @OneOf {)m 480 3581(        @ChoiceA)m 480 3293(        @ChoiceB)m 480 3005(    })m 480 2717(})m
240 fnt82 0 2223(Lout)m 523(belie)s 6(v)k 3(es)k
1360(that)s 1790(e)s 3(xpanding)k 220 fnt35 2849 2220(@Recursiv)m 5(e)k
240 fnt82 4106 2223(is)m 4328(the)s 4687(right)s 5210(thing)s
5767(to)s 6017(do)s 6322(when)s 6910(searching)s 7890(for)s
8240(either)s 8855(of)s 0 1935(the)m 380(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
1046(tar)s 4(gets)k 220 fnt35 1762 1932(@APlace)m 240 fnt82
2763 1935(and)m 220 fnt35 3199 1932(@BPlace)m 240 fnt82 4108 1935(.)m
4305(When)s 4966(searching)s 5968(for)s 220 fnt35 6338 1932(@BPlace)m
240 fnt82 7339 1935(this)m 7768(leads)s 8342(Lout)s 8887(to)s
0 1647(e)m 3(xpand)k 220 fnt35 760 1644(@Recursiv)m 5(e)k
240 fnt82 1945 1647(,)m 2065(then)s 220 fnt35 2547 1644(@ChoiceA)m
240 fnt82 3596 1647(,)m 3717(then)s 4199(the)s 220 fnt35
4560 1644(@Recursiv)m 5(e)k 240 fnt82 5818 1647(symbol)m 6592(within)s
220 fnt35 7273 1644(@ChoiceA)m 240 fnt82 8322 1647(,)m 8442(and)s
8860(so)s 0 1359(on)m 320(in\207nitely)s 15(.)k 1355(This)s
1854(problem)s 2734(can)s 3146(be)s 3451(a)s 4(v)k 4(oided)k
4283(by)s 4600(attaching)s 5552(a)s 220 fnt35 5741 1356(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k
240 fnt82 7291 1359(symbol)m 8074(to)s 8336(each)s 8855(of)s
0 1071(the)m 357(inner)s 220 fnt35 918 1068(@Recursiv)m 5(e)k
240 fnt82 2172 1071(symbols:)m 3146(these)s 3703(are)s 4059(then)s
4538(not)s 4914(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5831(for)s
6179(e)s 3(xpansion)k 7214(until)s 7716(a)s 7892(decision)s
8756(has)s 0 783(been)m 510(made)s 1085(to)s 1326(e)s 3(xpand)k
2074(the)s 2424(symbol)s 3185(the)s 3(y)k 3650(lie)s
3945(within.)s 4721(In)s 4979(this)s 5376(particular)s 6352(e)s 3(xample)k
7216(it)s 7410(w)s 2(ould)k 8066(be)s 8350(simpler)s
0 495(to)m 239(write)s 220 fnt35 480 43(def @Recursiv)m 5(e {)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 56 62
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(56)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 220 fnt35 480 13023(    @OneOf {)m
480 12735(        @APlace)m 480 12447(        @BPlace)m 480 12159(    })m 480 11871(    // @Recursiv)m 5(e)k
480 11583(})m 240 fnt82 0 11089(b)m 4(ut)k 378(this)s
791(f)s 2(actoring)k 1720(is)s 1947(not)s 2329(possible)s
3186(when)s 3778(the)s 4143(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5081(calls)s 5586(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6103(parameters)s
7218(that)s 7652(are)s 8016(required)s 8887(to)s 0 10801(dif)m 6(fer)k
583(in)s 826(the)s 1174(tw)s 2(o)k 1584(cases.)s
240 fnt84 0 10057(3.27.)m 591(@Next)s 240 fnt82 535 9625(The)m
220 fnt35 957 9622(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt82 1676 9625(symbol)m
2430(returns)s 3138(its)s 3409(parameter)s 4417(plus)s 4861(one.)s
5366(It)s 5565(is)s 5769(rather)s 6380(cle)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
7008(at)s 7234(w)s 2(orking)k 8078(this)s 8468(out:)s
8934(it)s 0 9337(hunts)m 570(through)s 1372(the)s 1720(parameter)s
2734(from)s 3258(right)s 3769(to)s 4008(left,)s 4432(looking)s
5217(for)s 5555(a)s 5721(number)s 6512(to)s 6751(increment:)s
220 fnt35 480 8836(@Ne)m 6(xt \(3.99\))k 240 fnt82 0 8340(has)m
404(result)s 1029(\(3.100\).)s 1925(If)s 220 fnt35 2190 8337(@Ne)m 6(xt)k
240 fnt82 2949 8340(cannot)m 3681(\207nd)s 4147(a)s 4348(digit)s
4880(inside)s 5542(its)s 5852(parameter)s 9(,)k 6939(it)s
7166(is)s 7410(an)s 7728(error)s 13(.)k 8377(Roman)s
0 8052(numerals)m 925(are)s 1270(handled)s 2084(by)s 2376(storing)s
3091(them)s 3627(in)s 3868(a)s 4032(database,)s 4960(as)s
5208(e)s 3(xplained)k 6191(in)s 6432(Section)s 7204(4.2;)s
220 fnt35 7614 8049(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt82 8336 8052(will)m
8760(not)s 0 7764(increment)m 1015(a)s 1181(Roman)s 1930(numeral.)s
240 fnt84 0 7021(3.28.)m 591(@Case)s 240 fnt82 540 6589(The)m
220 fnt35 968 6586(@Case)m 240 fnt82 1755 6589(symbol)m 2515(selects)s
3202(its)s 3478(result)s 4068(from)s 4592(a)s 4758(list)s
5109(of)s 5380(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(es,)k 6578(depending)s
7629(on)s 7926(a)s 8092(tag:)s 220 fnt35 480 6088(@Da)m 6(y @Case {)k
480 5800(    { 1 21 31 }  @Y)m 4(ield  st)k 480 5512(    { 2 22 }  @Y)m 4(ield  nd)k 480 5224(    { 3 23 }  @Y)m 4(ield  rd)k
480 4936(    else  @Y)m 4(ield th)k 480 4648(})m 240 fnt82 0 4154(In)m
257(this)s 654(e)s 3(xample)k 1518(the)s 1868(result)s
2459(will)s 2886(be)s 3169(st)s 3390(if)s 220 fnt35
3608 4151(@Da)m 6(y)k 240 fnt82 4274 4154(is)m 4485(1,)s
4714(21,)s 5062(or)s 5322(31,)s 5670(and)s 6076(nd)s
6375(if)s 220 fnt35 6593 4151(@Da)m 6(y)k 240 fnt82
7259 4154(is)m 7471(2)s 7646(or)s 7906(22,)s 8254(etc.)s
8698(The)s 0 3866(ef)m 6(fect)k 594(is)s 801(similar)s
1520(to)s 1756(accessing)s 2722(a)s 2885(database,)s 3812(though)s
4532(in)s 4773(a)s 4936(more)s 5480(compact)s 6347(form.)s
6972(The)s 7397(right)s 7905(parameter)s 8916(is)s 0 3578(a)m
171(sequence)s 1109(of)s 220 fnt35 1385 3575(@Y)m 4(ield)k
240 fnt82 2143 3578(symbols,)m 3053(each)s 3553(with)s 4040(a)s
4211(left)s 4594(parameter)s 5613(whose)s 6286(v)s 6(alue)k
6859(is)s 7074(a)s 7245(sequence)s 8183(of)s 8459(one)s
8867(or)s 0 3290(more)m 547(juxtapositions)s 1940(of)s 2211(simple)s
2904(w)s 2(ords,)k 3594(and)s 3998(a)s 4164(right)s
4675(parameter)s 5689(which)s 6331(may)s 6797(be)s 7079(an)s 3(y)k
7476(object.)s 480 2916(W)m 19(e)k 895(\207rst)s 1372(describe)s
2271(the)s 2665(beha)s 4(viour)k 3725(when)s 4347(the)s
4742(v)s 6(alue)k 5356(of)s 5674(the)s 6068(left)s
6492(parameter)s 7552(of)s 220 fnt35 7870 2913(@Case)m 240 fnt82
8703 2916(is)m 8960(a)s 0 2628(juxtaposition)m 1302(of)s 1568(one)s
1965(or)s 2220(more)s 2762(simple)s 3450(w)s 2(ords.)k
4193(Then)s 4737(the)s 5080(result)s 5666(of)s 5932(the)s
220 fnt35 6275 2625(@Case)m 240 fnt82 7058 2628(is)m 7263(the)s
7606(right)s 8112(parameter)s 0 2340(of)m 287(the)s 652(\207rst)s
220 fnt35 1100 2337(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt82 1870 2340(whose)m
2554(left)s 2948(parameter)s 3979(contains)s 4844(either)s 5463(the)s
5828(v)s 6(alue)k 6413(of)s 6701(the)s 7065(left)s
7459(parameter)s 8490(of)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt35 0 2049(@Case)m
240 fnt82 727 2052(,)m 834(or)s 1093(the)s 1441(special)s
2159(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt35 2727 2049(else)m 240 fnt82
3121 2052(.)m 3285(If)s 3515(there)s 4048(is)s 4258(no)s
4551(such)s 220 fnt35 5047 2049(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt82
5800 2052(it)m 5992(is)s 6202(an)s 6485(error)s 13(.)k
480 1678(When)m 1133(the)s 1506(left)s 1908(parameter)s 2946(of)s
220 fnt35 3242 1675(@Case)m 240 fnt82 4054 1678(is)m 4288(not)s
4679(a)s 4870(juxtaposition)s 6200(of)s 6496(simple)s 7214(w)s 2(ords,)k
7928(the)s 8301(result)s 8916(is)s 0 1390(the)m 350(right)s
864(parameter)s 1881(of)s 2155(the)s 2506(\207rst)s 220 fnt35
2940 1387(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt82 3696 1390(whose)m 4367(left)s
4746(parameter)s 5763(is)s 220 fnt35 5976 1387(else)m 240 fnt82
6370 1390(,)m 6480(or)s 6742(an)s 7028(error)s 7554(otherwise.)s
8650(This)s 0 1102(permits)m 767(e)s 3(xamples)k 1718(lik)s 2(e)k
220 fnt35 480 601(@RunningTitle @Case {)m 480 313(    dft @Y)m 4(ield @Title)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 57 63
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13845(3.28.)m 574(@Case)s 240 fnt84 8831 13842(57)m
220 fnt35 480 13254(    else @Y)m 4(ield @RunningTitle)k 480 12966(})m 240 fnt82
0 12472(where)m 661(a)s 848(running)s 1667(title)s 2115(is)s
2346(returned)s 3221(unless)s 3892(it)s 4105(has)s 4496(the)s
4866(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt35 5455 12469(dft)m 240 fnt82
5776 12472(\(which)m 6519(presumably)s 7710(means)s 8393(that)s 8833(no)s
0 12184(running)m 798(title)s 1224(w)s 2(as)k 1645(supplied\),)s
2642(in)s 2885(which)s 3527(case)s 3994(an)s 4277(ordinary)s
5141(title)s 5567(is)s 5777(returned)s 6631(instead.)s 480 11810(When)m
1126(a)s 1310(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2250(symbol)s
3028(is)s 3256(placed)s 3955(within)s 4641(a)s 220 fnt35
4825 11807(@Case)m 240 fnt82 5552 11810(,)m 5677(it)s 5887(should)s
6601(be)s 6901(included)s 7801(in)s 8062(each)s 8575(alter)s
8998(-)s 0 11522(nati)m 6(v)k 3(e,)k 695(since)s
1255(otherwise)s 2254(Basser)s 2964(Lout)s 3490(may)s 3969(become)s
4783(confused)s 5718(when)s 6308(trying)s 6945(to)s 7198(predict)s
7934(whether)s 8778(the)s 0 11234(symbol)m 755(will)s 1176(be)s
1453(a)s 1613(part)s 2039(of)s 2305(the)s 2648(result)s
3232(or)s 3486(not.)s 3951(Alternati)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(,)k
5288(if)s 5500(it)s 5687(can)s 6071(be)s 6347(guaranteed)s
7449(that)s 7862(the)s 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
0 10946(symbol)m 764(will)s 1195(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
1782(be)s 2069(searched)s 2967(for)s 3310(when)s 3891(the)s
4244(cases)s 4804(that)s 5226(it)s 5423(does)s 5918(not)s
6289(lie)s 6587(within)s 7260(are)s 7612(selected,)s 8493(that)s
8916(is)s 0 10658(all)m 293(right)s 804(too.)s 240 fnt84
0 9865(3.29.)m 591(@Moment)s 240 fnt82 480 9433(The)m 908(prede\207ned)s
1976(symbol)s 220 fnt35 2736 9430(@Moment)m 240 fnt82 3808 9433(has)m
4178(the)s 4526(follo)s 6(wing)k 5503(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt35
480 8932(def @Moment)m 480 8644(   named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 8356(   named @Second {})m 480 8068(   named @Min)m 2(ute {})k
480 7780(   named @Hour {})m 480 7492(   named @Da)m 6(y {})k 480 7204(   named @Month {})m 480 6916(   named @Y)m 30(ear {})k
480 6628(   named @Centur)m -6(y {})k 480 6340(   named @W)m 6(eekDa)k 6(y {})k
480 6052(   named @Y)m 30(earDa)k 6(y {})k 480 5764(   named @Da)m 6(ylightSa)k 4(ving {})k
480 5476({})m 240 fnt82 0 4982(It)m 208(may)s 677(be)s
962(used)s 1463(lik)s 2(e)k 1878(an)s 3(y)k
2278(other)s 2832(symbol.)s 3705(Lout)s 4220(pro)s 3(vides)k
5095(an)s 5381(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6439(of)s
220 fnt35 6713 4979(@Moment)m 240 fnt82 7788 4982(with)m 8273(tag)s
220 fnt35 8622 4979(no)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 9019 4982(,)m
0 4694(whose)m 668(other)s 1219(parameters)s 2317(are)s 2664(numbers)s
3539(encoding)s 4470(the)s 4818(current)s 5554(date)s 6008(and)s
6412(time:)s 220 fnt35 480 4129(@Second)m 240 fnt82 2482 4132(the)m
2830(current)s 3566(second,)s 4338(usually)s 5083(between)s 5937(00)s
6232(and)s 6636(59)s 220 fnt35 480 3798(@Min)m 2(ute)k
240 fnt82 2482 3801(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(minute,)s 4337(between)s
5191(00)s 5486(and)s 5890(59)s 220 fnt35 480 3488(@Hour)m
240 fnt82 2482 3491(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(hour)s 9(,)k
4103(between)s 4957(00)s 5252(and)s 5656(23)s 220 fnt35
480 3178(@Da)m 6(y)k 240 fnt82 2482 3181(the)m 2830(current)s
3566(day)s 3966(of)s 4237(the)s 4585(month,)s 5304(between)s
6158(1)s 6313(and)s 6717(31)s 220 fnt35 480 2849(@Month)m
240 fnt82 2482 2852(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(month,)s 4285(between)s
5139(1)s 5294(\(January\))s 6245(and)s 6649(12)s 6943(\(December\))s
220 fnt35 480 2520(@Y)m 30(ear)k 240 fnt82 2482 2523(the)m
2830(current)s 3566(year)s 4037(of)s 4308(the)s 4656(century)s 15(,)k
5465(between)s 6319(00)s 6614(and)s 7018(99)s 220 fnt35
480 2191(@Centur)m -6(y)k 240 fnt82 2482 2194(the)m 2830(current)s
3566(century)s 15(,)k 4375(e.g.)s 4765(19)s 5056(or)s
5315(20)s 220 fnt35 480 1862(@W)m 6(eekDa)k 6(y)k
240 fnt82 2482 1865(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(day)s 3966(of)s
4237(the)s 4585(week,)s 5197(between)s 6051(1)s 6206(\(Sunday\))s
7132(and)s 7536(7)s 7704(\(Saturday\))s 220 fnt35 480 1531(@Y)m 30(earDa)k 6(y)k
240 fnt82 2482 1534(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(day)s 3966(of)s
4237(the)s 4585(year)s 9(,)k 5094(between)s 5948(0)s
6123(and)s 6527(365)s 220 fnt35 480 1202(@Da)m 6(ylightSa)k 4(ving)k
240 fnt82 2482 1205(an)m 2784(implementation-dependent)s 5427(number)s 6237(that)s
6675(may)s 7160(encode)s 7914(the)s 8282(daylight)s 2482 917(sa)m 4(ving)k
3156(currently)s 4072(in)s 4315(ef)s 6(fect)k 0 356(Unix)m
519(manual)s 1262(entries)s 1934(state)s 2411(that)s 220 fnt35
2814 353(@Second)m 240 fnt82 3813 356(can)m 4186(be)s 4453(as)s
4687(high)s 5155(as)s 5389(61,)s 5720(to)s 5944(allo)s 6(w)k
6507(for)s 6830(leap)s 7265(seconds.)s 8171(Judicious)s 0 68(use)m
375(of)s 646(databases)s 1613(can)s 2002(con)s 9(v)k 3(ert)k
2767(these)s 3314(numbers)s 4189(into)s 4614(useful)s 5253(dates.)s
5908(F)s 3(or)k 6297(e)s 3(xample,)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 58 64
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(58)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 220 fnt35 480 13207(@Moment&&no)m 3(w @Open { @Da)k 6(y {@Months&&@Month}, @Centur)k -6(y{@Y)k 30(ear} })k
240 fnt82 0 12709(produces)m 915(something)s 1965(lik)s 2(e)k
2377(8)s 2544(April,)s 3155(2000)s 3690(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
4270(a)s 4436(suitable)s 5235(database)s 6114(of)s 6385(months.)s
240 fnt84 0 11916(3.30.)m 591(@Null)s 240 fnt82 480 11484(This)m
979(symbol)s 1762(pro)s 3(vides)k 2657(a)s 2846(con)s 9(v)k 3(enient)k
3967(w)s 2(ay)k 4441(to)s 4703(remo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
5493(unw)s 2(anted)k 6503(concatenation)s 7911(symbols.)s 8896(If)s
0 11196(there)m 544(is)s 765(a)s 942(concatenation)s 2339(symbol)s
3110(preceding)s 220 fnt35 4117 11193(@Null)m 240 fnt82 4702 11196(,)m
4821(the)s 220 fnt35 5180 11193(@Null)m 240 fnt82 5836 11196(and)m
6252(the)s 6611(concatenation)s 8007(symbol)s 8779(are)s 0 10908(both)m
482(deleted.)s 1335(Otherwise,)s 2423(if)s 2638(there)s 3170(is)s
3379(a)s 3544(follo)s 6(wing)k 4519(concatenation)s 5903(symbol,)s
6714(it)s 6905(and)s 7307(the)s 220 fnt35 7654 10905(@Null)m
240 fnt82 8298 10908(are)m 8643(both)s 0 10620(deleted.)m 794(Otherwise,)s
220 fnt35 1883 10617(@Null)m 240 fnt82 2528 10620(becomes)m 3416(an)s
3699(empty)s 4351(object.)s 480 10246(These)m 1107(rules)s 1622(apply)s
2208(to)s 2447(a)s 2613(fully)s 3118(parenthesized)s 4490(v)s 3(ersion)k
5248(of)s 5519(the)s 5867(e)s 3(xpression.)k 7051(F)s 3(or)k
7440(e)s 3(xample,)k 8354(in)s 220 fnt35 480 9745(...)m 13(  //1vx @Null |0.5i ...)k
240 fnt82 0 9290(it)m 202(is)s 423(the)s 782(horizontal)s
1817(concatenation)s 3213(symbol)s 3984(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt35
4972 9287(@Null)m 240 fnt82 5628 9290(that)m 6057(disappears,)s 7184(because)s
8008(in)s 8262(the)s 8621(fully)s 0 9002(parenthesized)m 1372(v)s 3(ersion)k
220 fnt35 480 8501(...)m 13(  //1vx { @Null |0.5i ...)k 13( })k 240 fnt82
0 8007(there)m 533(is)s 743(no)s 1036(concatenation)s 2421(symbol)s
3181(preceding)s 4177(the)s 220 fnt35 4525 8004(@Null)m 240 fnt82
5110 8007(.)m 240 fnt84 0 7214(3.31.)m 591(@Galley)s 1534(and)s
1975(@F)s 6(or)k 4(ceGalley)k 240 fnt82 480 6737(These)m
1131(symbols)s 2004(both)s 2511(act)s 2874(as)s 3148(a)s
3338(placeholder)s 4538(for)s 4900(a)s 5090(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k
5844(That)s 6366(is,)s 6656(the)s 3(y)k 7144(may)s
7634(be)s 7940(replaced)s 8832(by)s 0 6449(components)m 1210(of)s
1483(a)s 1651(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k
2383(In)s 2641(the)s 2991(case)s 3460(of)s 220 fnt35
3734 6446(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt82 5189 6449(the)m
5539(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6175(will)s 6604(then)s
7075(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7578(a)s 7746(forcing)s
8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 6161(ef)m 6(fect)k
583(at)s 802(this)s 1184(point)s 1723(although)s 2604(it)s
2783(need)s 3280(not)s 3632(be)s 3901(declared)s 4754(using)s
220 fnt35 5313 6158(f)m 6(orce into)k 240 fnt82 6202 6161(.)m
6353(See)s 6740(Section)s 7501(2.7)s 7835(for)s 8160(a)s
8312(detailed)s 0 5873(discussion)m 1054(of)s 1325(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k
2105(forcing)s 2848(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 3628(and)s
4032(tar)s 4(gets.)k 240 fnt84 0 5080(3.32.)m 591(@BeginHeaderComponent,)s
3466(@EndHeaderComponent,)s 6182(@SetHeaderComponent,)s 591 4792(and)m 1032(@ClearHeaderComponent)s 240 fnt82
480 4315(Informally)m 15(,)k 1597(header)s 2298(components)s 3510(are)s
3861(running)s 4663(headers)s 5448(that)s 5871(appear)s 6572(at)s
6808(the)s 7160(top)s 7523(of)s 7798(the)s 8151(displayed)s
0 4027(se)m 3(gments)k 936(of)s 1204(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k
2039(The)s 3(y)k 2579(are)s 2923(used,)s 3467(for)s
3802(e)s 3(xample,)k 4714(by)s 5005(the)s 220 fnt35
5350 4024(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt82 5917 4027(table)m 6434(formatting)s
7493(package)s 8330(to)s 8566(place)s 0 3739(running)m 798(headers)s
1579(at)s 1811(the)s 2159(top)s 2518(of)s 2789(each)s
3284(page)s 3792(of)s 4063(a)s 4229(multi-page)s 5320(table,)s
5891(after)s 6387(the)s 6735(\207rst)s 7166(page.)s 480 3365(F)m 3(ormally)k 15(,)k
1431(a)s 1583(header)s 2266(component)s 3376(of)s 3633(a)s
3785(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4405(is)s 4601(an)s
4870(ordinary)s 5720(component)s 6830(of)s 7087(a)s 7239(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
7859(\(Section)s 8698(2.7\))s 0 3077(together)m 845(with)s 1330(an)s
1616(indication)s 2631(that)s 3052(the)s 3403(component)s 4530(is)s
4742(a)s 4911(header)s 5611(component.)s 6841(When)s 7473(printed,)s
8260(a)s 8429(header)s 0 2789(component)m 1125(looks)s 1696(e)s 3(xactly)k
2438(lik)s 2(e)k 2851(it)s 3045(w)s 2(ould)k
3701(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4203(done)s 4726(as)s
4977(an)s 5262(ordinary)s 6127(component;)s 7304(the)s 7653(dif)s 6(ference)k
8671(is)s 8883(in)s 0 2501(whether)m 830(the)s 1178(component)s
2302(is)s 2512(printed)s 3247(at)s 3479(all,)s 3824(and)s
4228(if)s 4445(so)s 4711(where.)s 480 2127(Ev)m 3(ery)k
1129(ordinary)s 2020(component)s 3171(of)s 3469(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k
4072(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4733(has)s 5130(associated)s
6197(with)s 6706(it)s 6925(a)s 7118(sequence)s 8078(of)s
8376(zero)s 8867(or)s 0 1839(more)m 543(header)s 1236(components.)s
2553(Whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 3583(a)s 3745(ne)s 6(w)k
4188(tar)s 4(get)k 4783(is)s 4989(attached)s 5839(to)s
6074(which)s 6712(does)s 7198(not)s 7560(itself)s 8104(occup)s 2(y)k
8843(an)s 0 1551(entire)m 588(component)s 1700(of)s 1959(its)s
2223(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2883(copies)s
3533(of)s 3792(the)s 4128(header)s 4813(components)s 6009(associated)s
7037(with)s 7507(the)s 7843(\207rst)s 8262(ordinary)s 0 1263(component)m
1124(to)s 1363(be)s 1645(promoted)s 2620(into)s 3045(that)s
3463(tar)s 4(get)k 4062(are)s 4409(promoted)s 5384(into)s
5809(it)s 6001(\207rst.)s 480 889(The)m 936(condition)s 1926(`which)s
2676(does)s 3195(not)s 3590(itself)s 4167(occup)s 2(y)k
4939(an)s 5251(entire)s 5879(component)s 7032(of)s 7332(its)s
7637(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 8358(ensures)s 0 601(that,)m
460(for)s 793(e)s 3(xample,)k 1702(when)s 2273(part)s
2699(of)s 2964(a)s 3125(section)s 3854(has)s 4219(header)s
4911(components,)s 6169(these)s 6711(are)s 7053(not)s 7414(printed)s
8144(where)s 8778(the)s 0 313(section)m 735(is)s 947(promoted)s
1923(into)s 2350(its)s 2627(chapter)s 9(,)k 3430(b)s 4(ut)k
3793(rather)s 4411(where)s 5053(the)s 5402(chapter)s 6167(is)s
6378(promoted)s 7355(onto)s 7835(pages.)s 8546(If)s 8778(the)s

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 59 65
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Symbol
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.32.)m 574(@Be)s 9(ginHeaderComponent,)k 3360(@EndHeaderComponent,)s
5984(@SetHeaderComponent,)s 574 13555(and)m 1000(@ClearHeaderComponent)s 240 fnt84 8832 13840(59)m
240 fnt82 0 12917(tar)m 4(get)k 611(occupies)s 1511(the)s
1871(whole)s 2525(component,)s 3708(then)s 4189(the)s 4549(incoming)s
5519(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6165(will)s 6603(not)s
6981(split)s 7465(at)s 7709(all,)s 8066(so)s 8345(headers)s
0 12629(w)m 2(ould)k 655(be)s 937(of)s 1208(no)s
1501(interest)s 2263(there.)s 480 12255(The)m 896(one)s 1286(remaining)s
2295(question)s 3151(is)s 3348(`Ho)s 6(w)k 3929(is)s
4126(the)s 4462(sequence)s 5383(of)s 5641(header)s 6326(components)s
7521(of)s 7780(each)s 8262(ordinary)s 0 11967(component)m 1124(determined?')s
2477(By)s 2812(def)s 2(ault,)k 3580(the)s 3928(header)s
4626(components)s 5834(of)s 6106(one)s 6508(component)s 7632(are)s
7980(the)s 8328(same)s 8876(as)s 0 11679(those)m 561(of)s
832(the)s 1180(pre)s 6(vious)k 2049(component.)s 3277(W)s 19(e)k
3646(can)s 4035(sho)s 6(w)k 4589(this)s 4985(graphically)s
6114(as)s 6364(follo)s 6(ws:)k 240 fnt83 480 11180(C)m
168 fnt83 645 11093(i)m 240 fnt78 773 11172(:)m 240 fnt83
903 11180(H)m 168 fnt78 1086 11087(1)m 240 fnt78 1164 11172(,)m
240 fnt83 1271 11180(H)m 168 fnt78 1454 11087(2)m 240 fnt78
1546 11172(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt83 2058 11180(H)m
168 fnt83 2241 11093(n)m 240 fnt83 480 10892(/)m 480 10604(C)m
168 fnt83 645 10517(i)m 168 fnt78 711 10511(+)m 824(1)s
240 fnt78 974 10596(:)m 240 fnt83 1104 10604(H)m 168 fnt78
1287 10511(1)m 240 fnt78 1365 10596(,)m 240 fnt83 1472 10604(H)m
168 fnt78 1655 10511(2)m 240 fnt78 1747 10596(,)m 1854(\274)s
2152(,)s 240 fnt83 2259 10604(H)m 168 fnt83 2442 10517(n)m
240 fnt82 0 10060(which)m 642(may)s 1108(be)s 1391(read:)s
1908(`If)s 2217(ordinary)s 3082(component)s 240 fnt83 4206 10062(C)m
168 fnt83 4371 9975(i)m 240 fnt82 4475 10060(has)m 4846(header)s
5543(component)s 6667(sequence)s 240 fnt83 7601 10062(H)m 168 fnt78
7784 9969(1)m 240 fnt78 7862 10054(,)m 240 fnt83 7969 10062(H)m
168 fnt78 8152 9969(2)m 240 fnt78 8244 10054(,)m 8351(\274)s
8649(,)s 240 fnt83 8756 10062(H)m 168 fnt83 8939 9975(n)m
240 fnt82 9019 10060(,)m 0 9772(then)m 468(its)s 742(successor)s
1717(component)s 240 fnt83 2839 9774(C)m 168 fnt83 3004 9687(i)m
168 fnt78 3070 9681(+)m 3183(1)s 240 fnt82 3308 9772(has)m
3676(header)s 4372(component)s 5494(sequence)s 240 fnt83 6426 9774(H)m
168 fnt78 6609 9681(1)m 240 fnt78 6687 9766(,)m 240 fnt83
6794 9774(H)m 168 fnt78 6977 9681(2)m 240 fnt78 7069 9766(,)m
7176(\274)s 7474(,)s 240 fnt83 7581 9774(H)m 168 fnt83
7764 9687(n)m 240 fnt82 7902 9772(also.)m 16(')k 8501(Using)s
0 9484(this)m 396(notation,)s 1287(we)s 1622(may)s 2088(no)s 6(w)k
2549(de\207ne)s 3190(the)s 3538(four)s 3996(symbols)s 4845(that)s
5263(af)s 6(fect)k 5859(header)s 6556(component)s 7680(sequences:)s
240 fnt83 480 8985(C)m 168 fnt83 645 8898(i)m 240 fnt78
773 8977(:)m 240 fnt83 903 8985(H)m 168 fnt78 1086 8892(1)m
240 fnt78 1164 8977(,)m 240 fnt83 1271 8985(H)m 168 fnt78
1454 8892(2)m 240 fnt78 1546 8977(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s
240 fnt83 2058 8985(H)m 168 fnt83 2241 8898(n)m 240 fnt83
480 8697(/)m 480 8409(gap)m 220 fnt35 905 8404(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt83
3609 8409(H)m 168 fnt83 3792 8322(n)m 168 fnt78 3894 8316(+)m
4007(1)s 240 fnt83 480 8121(/)m 480 7833(C)m 168 fnt83
645 7746(i)m 168 fnt78 711 7740(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt78
974 7825(:)m 240 fnt83 1104 7833(H)m 168 fnt78 1287 7740(1)m
240 fnt78 1365 7825(,)m 240 fnt83 1472 7833(H)m 168 fnt78
1655 7740(2)m 240 fnt78 1747 7825(,)m 1854(\274)s 2152(,)s
240 fnt83 2259 7833(H)m 168 fnt83 2442 7746(n)m 240 fnt78
2534 7825(,)m 240 fnt83 2641 7833(H)m 168 fnt83 2824 7746(n)m
168 fnt78 2926 7740(+)m 3039(1)s 240 fnt82 0 7289(That)m
478(is,)s 220 fnt35 723 7286(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82 3394 7289(occup)m 2(ying)k
4422(an)s 4684(entire)s 5263(component)s 6366(appends)s 7181(a)s
7326(header)s 8002(component)s 0 7001(to)m 255(the)s 619(sequence)s
1568(of)s 1856(the)s 2220(follo)s 6(wing)k 3213(ordinary)s
4093(components.)s 5431(When)s 6076(printed,)s 6876(this)s 7288(header)s
8002(component)s 0 6713(is)m 217(separated)s 1184(by)s 240 fnt83
1485 6715(gap)m 240 fnt82 1905 6713(from)m 2436(the)s 2792(follo)s 6(wing)k
3776(component;)s 4959(if)s 240 fnt83 5183 6715(gap)m 240 fnt82
5603 6713(is)m 5820(empty)s 6480(it)s 6679(denotes)s 220 fnt35
7468 6710(0ie)m 240 fnt82 7819 6713(as)m 8076(usual)s 8644(with)s
0 6425(concatenation)m 1391(g)s 1(aps.)k 2000(The)s 2434(appearance)s
3572(of)s 3850(the)s 4204(header)s 4908(component)s 6039(will)s
6471(be)s 6760(e)s 3(xactly)k 7508(as)s 7764(it)s
7963(w)s 2(ould)k 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
0 6137(been)m 509(had)s 913(it)s 1105(occurred)s 1999(alone)s
2573(at)s 2805(that)s 3223(point,)s 3822(rather)s 4438(than)s
4907(after)s 220 fnt35 5403 6134(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82 8035 6137(.)m
480 5763(Ne)m 3(xt)k 1002(comes)s 220 fnt35 1664 5760(@EndHeaderComponent)m
240 fnt82 4126 5763(:)m 240 fnt83 480 5268(C)m 168 fnt83
645 5181(i)m 240 fnt78 773 5260(:)m 240 fnt83 903 5268(H)m
168 fnt78 1086 5175(1)m 240 fnt78 1164 5260(,)m 240 fnt83
1271 5268(H)m 168 fnt78 1454 5175(2)m 240 fnt78 1546 5260(,)m
1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt83 2058 5268(H)m 168 fnt83
2241 5181(n)m 240 fnt78 2333 5260(,)m 240 fnt83 2440 5268(H)m
168 fnt83 2623 5181(n)m 168 fnt78 2725 5175(+)m 2838(1)s
240 fnt83 480 4980(/)m 220 fnt35 480 4687(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt83
480 4404(/)m 480 4116(C)m 168 fnt83 645 4029(i)m 168 fnt78
711 4023(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt78 974 4108(:)m 240 fnt83
1104 4116(H)m 168 fnt78 1287 4023(1)m 240 fnt78 1365 4108(,)m
240 fnt83 1472 4116(H)m 168 fnt78 1655 4023(2)m 240 fnt78
1747 4108(,)m 1854(\274)s 2152(,)s 240 fnt83 2259 4116(H)m
168 fnt83 2442 4029(n)m 240 fnt82 0 3572(That)m 520(is,)s
220 fnt35 809 3569(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82 3353 3572(\(which)m 4097(has)s
4490(no)s 4805(parameters\))s 6003(occup)s 2(ying)k 7074(an)s
7380(entire)s 8002(component)s 0 3284(deletes)m 722(the)s 1078(last)s
1477(header)s 2182(component.)s 3418(If)s 3656(the)s 4012(sequence)s
4953(is)s 5171(empty)s 15(,)k 5869(a)s 6043(w)s 2(arning)k
6886(message)s 7760(is)s 7978(printed)s 8722(and)s 0 2996(it)m
193(remains)s 1002(empty)s 15(.)k 220 fnt35 1751 2993(@BeginHeaderComponent)m
240 fnt82 4445 2996(and)m 220 fnt35 4851 2993(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82
7375 2996(are)m 7724(naturally)s 8629(used)s 0 2708(in)m 243(matching)s
1186(\(possibly)s 2117(nested\))s 2856(pairs,)s 3427(to)s 3666(introduce)s
4625(and)s 5029(subsequently)s 6333(retract)s 7001(a)s 7167(header)s
7864(component.)s 480 2334(Ne)m 3(xt)k 1002(comes)s 220 fnt35
1664 2331(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82 4065 2334(:)m 240 fnt83 480 1839(C)m
168 fnt83 645 1752(i)m 240 fnt78 773 1831(:)m 240 fnt83
903 1839(H)m 168 fnt78 1086 1746(1)m 240 fnt78 1164 1831(,)m
240 fnt83 1271 1839(H)m 168 fnt78 1454 1746(2)m 240 fnt78
1546 1831(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt83 2058 1839(H)m
168 fnt83 2241 1752(n)m 240 fnt83 480 1551(/)m 480 1263(gap)m
220 fnt35 905 1258(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt83 3378 1263(H)m 168 fnt83
3561 1176(n)m 168 fnt78 3663 1170(+)m 3776(1)s 240 fnt83
480 975(/)m 480 687(C)m 168 fnt83 645 600(i)m 168 fnt78
711 594(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt78 974 679(:)m 240 fnt83
1104 687(H)m 168 fnt83 1287 600(n)m 168 fnt78 1389 594(+)m
1502(1)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 60 66
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(60)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 220 fnt35 0 13202(@SetHeaderComponent)m
240 fnt82 2461 13205(clears)m 3068(an)s 3(y)k 3465(current)s
4201(header)s 4898(components)s 6107(and)s 6511(replaces)s 7344(them)s
7882(by)s 8176(one)s 8578(of)s 8850(its)s 0 12917(o)m 6(wn.)k
571(Finally)s 1302(we)s 1637(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
220 fnt35 2138 12914(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82 4733 12917(:)m 240 fnt83
480 12418(C)m 168 fnt83 645 12331(i)m 240 fnt78 773 12410(:)m
240 fnt83 903 12418(H)m 168 fnt78 1086 12325(1)m 240 fnt78
1164 12410(,)m 240 fnt83 1271 12418(H)m 168 fnt78 1454 12325(2)m
240 fnt78 1546 12410(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt83
2058 12418(H)m 168 fnt83 2241 12331(n)m 240 fnt83 480 12130(/)m
220 fnt35 480 11837(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt83 480 11554(/)m 480 11266(C)m
168 fnt83 645 11179(i)m 168 fnt78 711 11173(+)m 824(1)s
240 fnt78 974 11258(:)m 240 fnt82 0 10722(This)m 466(symbol)s
1216(clears)s 1813(an)s 3(y)k 2200(header)s 2886(components,)s
4140(lea)s 4(ving)k 4883(the)s 5221(sequence)s 6143(empty)s 15(.)k
6880(These)s 7497(last)s 7878(tw)s 2(o)k 8277(symbols)s
0 10434(combine)m 879(less)s 1287(cleanly)s 2030(than)s 2497(the)s
2844(\207rst)s 3274(tw)s 2(o)k 3683(\(either)s 4363(will)s
4788(wreck)s 5432(an)s 3(y)k 5828(enclosing)s 220 fnt35
6796 10431(@BeginHeaderCompo)m 240 fnt82 8998 10434(-)m 220 fnt35 0 10143(nent)m
240 fnt82 491 10146(\211)m 220 fnt35 679 10143(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82
3209 10146(pair\),)m 3774(b)s 4(ut)k 4145(the)s 3(y)k
4616(are)s 4971(useful)s 5618(in)s 5869(situations)s 6845(where)s
7493(the)s 7849(range)s 8444(of)s 8724(one)s 0 9858(header)m
697(is)s 907(terminated)s 1986(by)s 2280(the)s 2628(start)s
3098(of)s 3369(the)s 3717(range)s 4304(of)s 4575(the)s
4923(ne)s 3(xt.)k 480 9484(All)m 859(four)s 1337(symbols)s
2206(yield)s 2761(the)s 3129(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt35
3717 9481(@Null)m 240 fnt82 4382 9484(where)m 5041(the)s 3(y)k
5524(appear)s 13(.)k 6332(If)s 6582(the)s 3(y)k
7064(do)s 7377(not)s 7763(occup)s 2(y)k 8527(entire)s
0 9196(components)m 1208(of)s 1479(their)s 1976(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
2648(the)s 3(y)k 3111(are)s 3458(silently)s 4215(ignored.)s
240 fnt84 0 8403(3.33.)m 591(@NotRe)s 3(v)k 2(ealed)k
240 fnt82 480 7971(The)m 220 fnt35 938 7968(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k
240 fnt82 2495 7971(symbol)m 3285(e)s 3(x)k 3(erts)k
3931(\207ne)s 4376(control)s 5138(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
5647(the)s 6026(process)s 6824(of)s 7125(e)s 3(xpanding)k
8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 7683(symbols.)m 955(It)s
1152(may)s 1611(appear)s 2300(only)s 2773(within)s 3433(the)s
3774(body)s 4300(of)s 4564(a)s 4722(de\207nition,)s 5739(immediately)s
6979(follo)s 6(wing)k 7949(the)s 8289(name)s 8855(of)s
0 7395(a)m 166(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1088(symbol.)s
1957(F)s 3(or)k 2346(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt35
480 6894(def A { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 6318(def B { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 5742(def ABList)m
480 5454({)m 480 5166(    A)m 480 4878(    //  B @NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k
480 4590(    //  ABList)m 480 4302(})m 240 fnt82 0 3808(The)m 424(meaning)s
1297(is)s 1503(that)s 1916(the)s 2260(symbol)s 3016(immediately)s
4259(preceding)s 220 fnt35 5251 3805(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k
240 fnt82 6718 3808(,)m 220 fnt35 6821 3805(B)m 240 fnt82
7015 3808(in)m 7253(this)s 7645(e)s 3(xample,)k 8555(is)s
8760(not)s 0 3520(re)m 6(v)k 3(ealed)k 851(to)s
1083(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1800(which)s 2435(encounter)s
220 fnt35 3431 3517(ABList)m 240 fnt82 4113 3520(while)m 4693(searching)s
5655(for)s 5986(tar)s 4(gets;)k 6723(to)s 6955(such)s
7444(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 8161(it)s 8345(appears)s
0 3232(that)m 220 fnt35 408 3229(ABList)m 240 fnt82 1086 3232(contains)m
220 fnt35 1923 3229(A)m 240 fnt82 2116 3232(only)m 15(,)k
2624(not)s 220 fnt35 2979 3229(B)m 240 fnt82 3117 3232(,)m
3213(hence)s 3816(only)s 4286(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
4999(tar)s 4(geted)k 5811(to)s 220 fnt35 6039 3229(A)m
240 fnt82 6233 3232(will)m 6648(e)s 3(xpand)k 220 fnt35
7384 3229(ABList)m 240 fnt82 8013 3232(.)m 8166(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
0 2944(after)m 220 fnt35 496 2941(ABList)m 240 fnt82 1185 2944(is)m
1395(e)s 3(xpanded)k 2368(by)s 2662(such)s 3158(a)s
3324(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 220 fnt35
3996 2941(B)m 240 fnt82 4194 2944(will)m 4620(be)s 4902(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
5810(as)s 6060(a)s 6226(tar)s 4(get)k 6825(in)s
7068(the)s 7416(usual)s 7976(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k
480 2570(Apart)m 1081(from)s 1602(this)s 1994(meaning,)s 220 fnt35
2922 2567(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt82 4445 2570(has)m
4812(no)s 5102(ef)s 6(fect)k 5694(at)s 5923(all,)s
6264(and)s 6665(the)s 7010(body)s 7540(of)s 7808(the)s
8152(de\207nition)s 0 2282(may)m 501(be)s 819(understood)s 1976(by)s
2306(deleting)s 220 fnt35 3164 2279(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k
240 fnt82 4727 2282(and)m 5166(an)s 3(y)k 5599(preceding)s
6630(space.)s 7361(Thus,)s 7982(the)s 8366(symbol)s 0 1994(preceding)m
220 fnt35 1001 1991(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt82
2533 1994(may)m 3004(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3510(named)s
4211(and)s 4620(right)s 5136(parameters)s 6239(in)s 6487(the)s
6840(usual)s 7405(w)s 2(ay;)k 7919(these)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k
0 1706(follo)m 6(w)k 672(after)s 1168(the)s 220 fnt35
1516 1703(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt82 3043 1706(symbol.)m
480 1332(This)m 944(symbol)s 1692(w)s 2(as)k 2101(introduced)s
3169(to)s 3396(o)s 3(v)k 3(ercome)k 4377(a)s
4530(problem)s 5375(with)s 5845(\210oating)s 6616(\207gures)s 7306(treated)s
8001(as)s 8238(displays.)s 0 1044(It)m 205(turned)s 874(out)s
1240(to)s 1479(be)s 1761(essential)s 2638(to)s 2877(specify)s
3621(the)s 3969(layout)s 4627(of)s 4898(a)s 5064(column)s
5839(\(in)s 6161(part\))s 6660(as)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 61 67
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.33.)m 574(@NotRe)s 3(vealed)k 240 fnt84
8839 13840(61)m 220 fnt35 480 13251(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k
480 12963(//  @FigurePlace)m 480 12675(//  @BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 12387(//  @FigurePlace)m
480 12099(//  @BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 11811(...)m 240 fnt82
0 11360(so)m 256(that)s 664(\207gures)s 1356(could)s 1935(alternate)s
2802(with)s 3274(body)s 3798(te)s 3(xt)k 4202(do)s 6(wn)k
4776(the)s 5114(column.)s 5986(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
6935(some)s 7486(means)s 8138(w)s 2(as)k 8548(need)s
8998(-)s 0 11072(ed)m 291(to)s 538(ensure)s 1226(that)s
1652(in)s 1903(the)s 2259(absence)s 3080(of)s 3359(an)s 3(y)k
3764(\207gures)s 4474(there)s 5015(could)s 5613(only)s 6101(be)s
6391(one)s 220 fnt35 6801 11069(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k
240 fnt82 8527 11072(in)m 8778(the)s 0 10784(column,)m 831(since)s
1385(otherwise)s 2377(v)s 6(arious)k 3132(problems)s 4080(arose,)s
4698(for)s 5042(e)s 3(xample)k 5912(the)s 220 fnt35
6267 10781(@NP)m 240 fnt82 6851 10784(symbol)m 7618(merely)s 8342(causing)s
0 10496(a)m 174(skip)s 634(from)s 1167(one)s 220 fnt35
1577 10493(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt82 3303 10496(to)m
3551(the)s 3907(ne)s 3(xt)k 4385(in)s 4636(the)s
4992(same)s 5548(column,)s 6381(rather)s 7006(than)s 7483(to)s
7730(the)s 8087(\207rst)s 8526(in)s 8778(the)s 0 10208(ne)m 3(xt)k
490(column.)s 1394(Also,)s 1974(without)s 2787(this)s 3204(feature)s
3944(the)s 4314(optimal)s 5120(page)s 5650(break)s 2(er')k 13(s)k
6595(attempts)s 7477(to)s 7737(end)s 8163(a)s 8351(column)s
0 9920(early)m 545(w)s 2(ould)k 1214(be)s 1510(frustrated)s
2496(by)s 2805(Lout)s 3331(then)s 3814(disco)s 3(v)k 3(ering)k
4991(that)s 5423(plenty)s 6090(of)s 6375(space)s 6976(e)s 3(xisted)k
7722(at)s 7968(a)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt35
0 9629(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt82 1703 9632(in)m
1931(the)s 2263(same)s 2795(column.)s 3662(The)s 4074(solution)s
4887(is)s 5082(based)s 5669(on)s 220 fnt35 5951 9629(ABList)m
240 fnt82 6625 9632(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e;)k 7287(each)s
7767(occurrence)s 8855(of)s 220 fnt35 0 9341(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k
240 fnt82 1712 9344(after)m 2201(a)s 220 fnt35 2361 9341(@FigurePlace)m
240 fnt82 3798 9344(is)m 4002(not)s 4361(re)s 6(v)k 3(ealed)k
5213(in)s 5449(the)s 5791(enclosing)s 6754(de\207nition,)s 7772(and)s
8169(so)s 8428(cannot)s 0 9056(be)m 282(found)s 899(by)s
1193(body)s 1727(te)s 3(xt)k 2142(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
2866(unless)s 3515(a)s 3682(\207gure)s 4296(has)s 4666(pre)s 6(viously)k
5724(attached)s 6578(to)s 6817(the)s 7165(preceding)s 220 fnt35
8162 9053(@Figure)m 240 fnt82 8998 9056(-)m 220 fnt35 0 8765(Place)m
240 fnt82 540 8768(.)m 240 fnt84 0 8021(3.34.)m 591(The)s
1046(cr)s 4(oss)k 1614(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ence)k
2616(symbols)s 3494(&&)s 3941(and)s 4382(&&&)s 240 fnt82
480 7544(The)m 941(cross)s 1516(reference)s 2493(symbol)s 220 fnt35
3286 7541(&&)m 240 fnt82 3668 7544(tak)m 2(es)k 4241(the)s
4623(name)s 5230(of)s 5534(a)s 5734(symbol)s 6527(\(not)s
7006(an)s 7322(object\))s 8068(for)s 8439(its)s 8749(left)s
0 7256(parameter)m 9(,)k 1068(and)s 1489(an)s 1788(object)s
2449(whose)s 3134(v)s 6(alue)k 3718(must)s 4260(be)s
4559(a)s 4741(simple)s 5451(w)s 2(ord,)k 6064(or)s
6340(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 7079(simple)s 7788(w)s 2(ords,)k
8495(for)s 8850(its)s 0 6968(right)m 519(parameter)s 13(.)k
1633(The)s 2069(result)s 2668(is)s 2887(a)s 3061(cross)s
3612(reference,)s 4615(which)s 5265(may)s 5740(be)s 6030(thought)s
6831(of)s 7111(as)s 7369(an)s 7661(arro)s 6(w)k
8275(pointing)s 0 6680(from)m 524(the)s 872(cross)s 1414(reference)s
2357(symbol)s 3117(to)s 3356(the)s 3704(be)s 3(ginning)k
4712(of)s 4983(an)s 5266(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
6320(of)s 6591(the)s 6939(named)s 7635(symbol.)s 480 6306(The)m
894(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1934(pointed)s 2696(to,)s
2975(kno)s 6(wn)k 3665(as)s 3901(the)s 240 fnt83
4235 6308(tar)m 8(g)k 2(et)k 240 fnt82 4846 6306(of)m
5103(the)s 5437(cross)s 5965(reference,)s 6945(is)s 7141(generally)s
8070(one)s 8458(whose)s 220 fnt35 0 6015(@T)m 26(ag)k
240 fnt82 643 6018(parameter)m 1677(has)s 2067(v)s 6(alue)k
2655(equal)s 3248(to)s 3507(the)s 3875(right)s 4406(parameter)s
5440(of)s 5731(the)s 6099(cross)s 6661(reference)s 7624(symbol.)s
8513(Three)s 0 5730(special)m 759(tags,)s 220 fnt35 1292 5727(preceding)m
240 fnt82 2243 5730(,)m 220 fnt35 2391 5727(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 3221 5730(,)m 3369(and)s 220 fnt35 3814 5727(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k
240 fnt82 4948 5730(,)m 5097(point)s 5690(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k
6930(to)s 7210(the)s 7599(\207rst)s 8072(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
0 5442(preceding)m 1006(the)s 1365(cross)s 1918(reference)s 2872(in)s
3126(the)s 3485(\207nal)s 3976(printed)s 4721(document,)s 5783(to)s
6033(the)s 6392(\207rst)s 6834(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
7899(follo)s 6(wing)k 8887(it,)s 0 5154(and)m 404(to)s
643(the)s 991(\207rst)s 1422(follo)s 6(wing)k 2399(it)s
2591(if)s 2808(such)s 3304(e)s 3(xists)k 3896(else)s
4323(to)s 4562(the)s 4910(\207rst)s 5341(preceding)s 6337(it.)s
480 4780(A)m 709(cross)s 1249(reference)s 2190(may)s 2654(be)s
2935(used)s 3430(in)s 3671(four)s 4127(w)s 2(ays:)k
4782(where)s 5420(an)s 5701(object)s 6343(is)s 6552(e)s 3(xpected,)k
7504(in)s 7745(which)s 8385(case)s 8850(its)s 0 4492(v)m 6(alue)k
576(is)s 795(a)s 970(cop)s 2(y)k 1497(of)s
1777(the)s 2134(tar)s 4(get;)k 2794(with)s 3285(the)s
220 fnt35 3642 4489(@Open)m 240 fnt82 4457 4492(and)m 220 fnt35
4870 4489(@Use)m 240 fnt82 5544 4492(symbols;)m 6463(with)s 6954(the)s
220 fnt35 7311 4489(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt82 8309 4492(symbol;)m
0 4204(and)m 414(in)s 667(the)s 220 fnt35 1025 4201(into)m
240 fnt82 1441 4204(clause)m 2105(or)s 220 fnt35 2374 4201(@T)m 26(arget)k
240 fnt82 3271 4204(symbol)m 4041(of)s 4323(a)s 4499(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
5143(de\207nition,)s 6177(in)s 6430(which)s 7083(case)s 7560(the)s
7918(v)s 6(alue)k 8496(of)s 8778(the)s 0 3916(tag)m
345(must)s 870(be)s 220 fnt35 1152 3913(preceding)m 240 fnt82
2103 3916(,)m 220 fnt35 2210 3913(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 3040 3916(,)m 3147(or)s 220 fnt35 3406 3913(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k
240 fnt82 4540 3916(.)m 480 3542(W)m 9(ithin)k 1233(an)s
220 fnt35 1557 3539(into)m 240 fnt82 2004 3542(clause)m 2698(or)s
220 fnt35 2999 3539(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt82 3927 3542(symbol,)m
4780(the)s 5169(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6265(form)s
220 fnt35 6830 3539(&&&)m 240 fnt82 7365 3542(is)m 7616(acceptable)s
8722(and)s 0 3254(indicates)m 900(a)s 1066(forcing)s 1809(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
2443(\(Section)s 3296(2.7\).)s 480 2880(Except)m 1203(within)s 1870(an)s
220 fnt35 2151 2877(into)m 240 fnt82 2556 2880(clause)m 3208(or)s
220 fnt35 3465 2877(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt82 4351 2880(symbol,)m
5162(the)s 5508(symbol)s 6267(referred)s 7078(to)s 7315(must)s
7839(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8339(a)s 220 fnt35
8503 2877(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt82 0 2592(parameter)m 13(.)k
1100(This)s 1570(is)s 1775(so)s 2035(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
2530(if)s 2741(the)s 3084(right)s 3589(parameter)s 4597(of)s
4863(the)s 5205(cross)s 5742(reference)s 6679(is)s 220 fnt35
6884 2589(preceding)m 240 fnt82 7835 2592(,)m 220 fnt35 7936 2589(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 8766 2592(,)m 8867(or)s 220 fnt35 0 2301(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k
240 fnt82 1134 2304(.)m 240 fnt84 0 1515(3.35.)m 591(@T)s 22(agged)k
240 fnt82 480 1038(The)m 220 fnt35 924 1035(@T)m 26(agged)k
240 fnt82 1929 1038(symbol)m 2705(tak)s 2(es)k 3261(a)s
3444(cross)s 4002(reference)s 4961(for)s 5315(its)s 5607(left)s
6001(parameter)s 7031(and)s 7451(an)s 7750(object,)s 8458(whose)s
0 750(v)m 6(alue)k 565(must)s 1087(be)s 1366(a)s
1528(juxtaposition)s 2831(of)s 3099(simple)s 3788(w)s 2(ords,)k
4475(or)s 4731(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 5450(w)s 2(ords,)k
6136(or)s 6392(an)s 6672(empty)s 7320(object,)s 8008(for)s
8343(its)s 8615(right)s 0 462(parameter)m 13(.)k 1104(It)s
1307(has)s 1675(the)s 2021(ef)s 6(fect)k 2615(of)s
2885(attaching)s 3812(its)s 4086(right)s 4595(parameter)s 5607(as)s
5856(an)s 6137(additional)s 7146(tag)s 7489(to)s 7726(the)s
8072(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 0 174(denoted)m 819(by)s
1117(its)s 1397(left)s 1778(parameter)s 9(,)k 2834(unless)s
3487(the)s 3839(right)s 4353(parameter)s 5371(is)s 5585(empty)s 15(,)k
6279(in)s 6526(which)s 7172(case)s 220 fnt35 7643 171(@T)m 26(agged)k
240 fnt82 8636 174(does)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 62 68
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(62)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(nothing.)m
896(The)s 1324(result)s 1914(of)s 220 fnt35 2185 13202(@T)m 26(agged)k
240 fnt82 3174 13205(is)m 3384(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k
220 fnt35 4095 13202(@Null)m 240 fnt82 4680 13205(,)m 4787(which)s
5429(mak)s 2(es)k 6089(it)s 6281(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k
7340(in)s 9(visible.)k 240 fnt84 0 12412(3.36.)m 591(@Open and @Use)s
240 fnt82 480 11935(The)m 220 fnt35 904 11932(@Open)m 240 fnt82
1706 11935(symbol)m 2462(tak)s 2(es)k 2998(a)s 3159(cross)s
3697(reference)s 4636(or)s 4891(symbol)s 5647(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
6696(for)s 7030(its)s 7302(left)s 7675(parameter)s 9(,)k
8722(and)s 0 11647(an)m 269(arbitrary)s 1130(object,)s 1807(which)s
2435(must)s 2946(be)s 3214(enclosed)s 4095(in)s 4324(braces,)s
5027(for)s 5351(its)s 5613(right)s 6110(parameter)s 13(.)k
7201(The)s 7615(right)s 8112(parameter)s 0 11359(may)m 462(refer)s
966(to)s 1201(the)s 1544(e)s 3(xported)k 2432(parameters)s
3525(and)s 3925(nested)s 4589(de\207nitions)s 5646(of)s 5912(the)s
6256(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7305(denoted)s 8117(by)s
8406(the)s 8749(left)s 0 11071(parameter)m 9(,)k 1050(and)s
1452(its)s 1725(v)s 6(alue)k 2291(is)s 2499(the)s
220 fnt35 2844 11068(@Open)m 240 fnt82 3648 11071(symbol')m 13(s)k
4560(result.)s 5252(The)s 5678(tar)s 4(get)k 6274(of)s
6543(the)s 6889(cross)s 7428(reference)s 8369(may)s 8832(lie)s
0 10783(in)m 234(an)s 507(e)s 3(xternal)k 1318(database)s
2187(\(Section)s 3031(3.37\).)s 3684(An)s 3(y)k 4138(symbol)s
4888(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5787(outside)s 6524(the)s
220 fnt35 6862 10780(@Open)m 240 fnt82 7658 10783(which)m 8290(happens)s
0 10495(to)m 239(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 741(the)s
1089(same)s 1637(name)s 2212(as)s 2462(one)s 2865(of)s
3137(the)s 3485(symbols)s 4335(made)s 4910(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
5818(by)s 6113(the)s 220 fnt35 6462 10492(@Open)m 240 fnt82
7268 10495(will)m 7695(be)s 7978(una)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
0 10207(within)m 668(the)s 220 fnt35 1016 10204(@Open)m 240 fnt82
1762 10207(.)m 538 9833(The)m 220 fnt35 963 9830(@Use)m 240 fnt82
1625 9833(symbol)m 2382(is)s 2589(an)s 220 fnt35 2869 9830(@Open)m
240 fnt82 3672 9833(symbol)m 4429(in)s 4669(a)s 4832(dif)s 6(ferent)k
5704(form.)s 6329(It)s 6531(may)s 6994(only)s 7471(appear)s
8165(among)s 8867(or)s 0 9545(after)m 502(the)s 857(de\207nitions)s
1925(in)s 2175(Lout')s 13(s)k 2844(input,)s 3450(and)s
3861(it)s 4060(is)s 4277(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k
5328(to)s 5574(enclosing)s 6551(the)s 6906(remainder)s 7941(of)s
8219(the)s 8574(input)s 0 9257(in)m 243(an)s 220 fnt35
526 9254(@Open)m 240 fnt82 1332 9257(symbol.)m 2201(F)s 3(or)k
2590(e)s 3(xample,)k 240 fnt83 480 8754(de\207nitions)m 220 fnt35
480 8461(@Use)m 1145({)s 240 fnt83 1269 8466(x)m 220 fnt35
1435 8461(})m 480 8173(@Use)m 1145({)s 240 fnt83 1269 8178(y)m
220 fnt35 1431 8173(})m 240 fnt83 480 7890(r)m 8(est)k
894(of)s 1175(input)s 240 fnt82 0 7389(is)m 210(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k
1254(to)s 240 fnt83 480 6886(de\207nitions)m 480 6598(x)m 220 fnt35
646 6593(@Open)m 480 6305({)m 240 fnt83 960 6310(y)m 220 fnt35
1122 6305(@Open)m 960 6017({)m 240 fnt83 1084 6022(r)m 8(est)k
1498(of)s 1779(input)s 220 fnt35 960 5729(})m 480 5441(})m
240 fnt82 0 4947(The)m 220 fnt35 424 4944(@Use)m 240 fnt82
1085 4947(symbol)m 1841(allo)s 6(ws)k 2506(a)s 2668(set)s
2989(of)s 3256(standard)s 4120(packages)s 5044(to)s 5279(be)s
5557(opened)s 6303(without)s 7090(the)s 7434(incon)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k
8855(of)s 0 4659(enclosing)m 974(the)s 1327(entire)s 1931(document)s
2939(in)s 220 fnt35 3187 4656(@Open)m 240 fnt82 3998 4659(symbols.)m
4964(Such)s 5505(enclosure)s 6482(could)s 7076(cause)s 7668(Basser)s
8370(Lout)s 8887(to)s 0 4371(run)m 376(out)s 742(of)s
1013(memory)s 15(.)k 240 fnt84 0 3578(3.37.)m 591(@Database and @SysDatabase)s
240 fnt82 529 3101(The)m 220 fnt35 945 3098(@Database)m 240 fnt82
2148 3101(symbol)m 2896(is)s 3095(used)s 3580(to)s 3808(declare)s
4541(the)s 4877(e)s 3(xistence)k 5808(of)s 6067(a)s
6222(\207le)s 6571(of)s 6831(symbol)s 7579(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k
8708(that)s 0 2813(Lout)m 512(may)s 978(refer)s 1487(to)s
1726(when)s 2302(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluating)k 3339(cross)s
3881(references.)s 5025(In)s 5281(Basser)s 5978(Lout,)s 6537(for)s
6875(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 2312(@Database @Months @W)m 6(eekDa)k 6(ys { standard })k
240 fnt82 0 1814(means)m 690(that)s 1137(there)s 1698(is)s
1937(a)s 2131(\207le)s 2521(called)s 220 fnt35 3177 1811(standard.ld)m
240 fnt82 4339 1814(containing)m 5430(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k
6600(of)s 6899(the)s 7276(pre)s 6(viously)k 8363(de\207ned)s
0 1526(symbols)m 220 fnt35 846 1523(@Months)m 240 fnt82 1838 1526(and)m
220 fnt35 2238 1523(@W)m 6(eekDa)k 6(ys)k 240 fnt82
3503 1526(.)m 3663(A)s 220 fnt35 3889 1523(@Database)m 240 fnt82
5100 1526(symbol)m 5856(may)s 6318(appear)s 7011(an)s 3(ywhere)k
7990(a)s 8152(de\207nition)s 0 1238(or)m 252(a)s 220 fnt35
411 1235(@Use)m 240 fnt82 1069 1238(symbol)m 1822(may)s 2281(appear)s 13(.)k
3062(Dif)s 6(ferent)k 3982(de\207nitions)s 5036(packages)s 5957(may)s
6416(refer)s 6918(to)s 7150(a)s 7309(common)s 8196(database,)s
0 950(pro)m 3(vided)k 935(the)s 1312(de\207nitions)s 2402(the)s 3(y)k
2894(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3382(for)s 3749(its)s
4054(symbols)s 4932(are)s 5308(compatible.)s 6563(An)s 6942(entry)s
7516(is)s 7755(interpreted)s 8876(as)s 0 662(though)m 756(it)s
981(appears)s 1795(at)s 2060(the)s 2441(point)s 3026(where)s
3699(the)s 4080(cross)s 4655(reference)s 5631(that)s 6082(retrie)s 6(v)k 3(es)k
6978(it)s 7203(does,)s 7782(which)s 8457(allo)s 6(ws)k
0 374(symbols)m 866(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35 1296 371(@I)m
240 fnt82 1639 374(for)m 220 fnt35 1995 371(Slope @F)m 6(ont)k
240 fnt82 3346 374(to)m 3602(be)s 3902(used)s 4417(in)s
4678(databases.)s 5776(The)s 6221(database)s 7118(\207le)s 7497(may)s
7981(not)s 8365(contain)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 63 69
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.37.)m 574(@Database and @SysDatabase)s 240 fnt84 8833 13840(63)m
220 fnt35 0 13202(@Database)m 240 fnt82 1214 13205(or)m 220 fnt35
1473 13202(@Include)m 240 fnt82 2455 13205(symbols,)m 3360(and)s 3764(each)s
4259(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5313(within)s 5981(it)s
6173(must)s 6698(be)s 6980(enclosed)s 7875(in)s 8118(braces.)s
480 12831(Basser)m 1198(Lout)s 1732(constructs)s 2773(an)s 240 fnt83
3078 12833(inde)m 4(x)k 3674(\207le)s 240 fnt82 3959 12831(,)m
4087(which)s 4751(in)s 5016(this)s 5433(e)s 3(xample)k
6318(is)s 6550(called)s 220 fnt35 7199 12828(standard.li)m 240 fnt82
8196 12831(,)m 8325(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 12543(time)m 481(it)s
675(e)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 1139(encounters)s 2227(the)s
2577(database,)s 3509(as)s 3761(an)s 4045(aid)s 4397(to)s
4638(searching)s 5608(it.)s 5906(If)s 6138(the)s 6488(database)s
7368(\207le)s 7731(is)s 7943(changed,)s 8850(its)s 0 12255(inde)m 3(x)k
586(\207le)s 950(must)s 1477(be)s 1762(deleted)s 2512(by)s
2809(the)s 3159(user)s 3620(so)s 3888(that)s 4309(Basser)s
5008(Lout)s 5523(kno)s 6(ws)k 6196(to)s 6438(reconstruct)s
7561(it.)s 7860(There)s 8475(is)s 8688(also)s 0 11967(an)m
300(installation)s 1435(option)s 2121(which)s 2780(allo)s 6(ws)k
3466(this)s 3879(deletion)s 4723(to)s 4979(be)s 5278(done)s
5817(automatically)s 7188(on)s 7502(suitable)s 8318(systems)s 0 11679(\(including)m
1036(Unix\).)s 480 11305(Basser)m 1210(Lout)s 1756(searches)s 2649(for)s
3021(databases)s 4021(in)s 4298(the)s 4679(current)s 5449(directory)s
6398(\207rst,)s 6910(then)s 7412(in)s 7689(a)s 7888(sequence)s
8855(of)s 0 11017(standard)m 868(places.)s 1629(T)s 19(o)k
1929(search)s 2596(the)s 2944(standard)s 3812(places)s 4460(only)s 15(,)k
4978(use)s 220 fnt35 5353 11014(@SysDatabase)m 240 fnt82 6873 11017(.)m
240 fnt84 0 10224(3.38.)m 591(@Graphic)s 240 fnt82 556 9747(Lout)m
1084(does)s 1590(not)s 1972(pro)s 3(vide)k 2772(the)s
3136(v)s 6(ast)k 3592(repertoire)s 4591(of)s 4878(graphical)s
5838(objects)s 6582(\(lines,)s 7235(circles,)s 7980(box)s 3(es,)k
8660(etc.\))s 0 9459(required)m 846(by)s 1132(diagrams.)s 2163(Instead,)s
2952(it)s 3135(pro)s 3(vides)k 3999(an)s 4274(escape)s
4958(route)s 5497(to)s 5727(some)s 6280(other)s 6823(language)s
7734(that)s 8144(does)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
0 9171(these)m 547(features,)s 1409(via)s 1761(its)s 220 fnt35
2037 9168(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 3081 9171(symbol:)m 220 fnt35
480 8673({ 0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k 480 8385(  0 ysiz)m 3(e lineto)k
480 8097(  xsiz)m 3(e ysiz)k 3(e lineto)k 480 7809(  xsiz)m 3(e 0 lineto)k
480 7521(  closepath)m 480 7233(  strok)m 4(e)k 480 6945(})m 480 6657(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k
480 6369({ //0.2c)m 480 6081(  ||0.2c hello)m 8(, w)k 2(or)k -3(ld ||0.2c)k
480 5793(  //0.2c)m 480 5505(})m 240 fnt82 0 5011(The)m 428(result)s
1018(of)s 1289(the)s 1637(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
2259(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3313(of)s 3584(the)s
3932(symbol)s 220 fnt35 4692 5008(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
5736 5011(is)m 1365 422 0 422 240 288 60 480 4249 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto
0 ysize lineto
xsize ysize lineto
xsize 0 lineto
closepath
stroke
grestore
113 146(hello,)m 698(w)s 2(orld)k 
grestore
480 3533(The)m
909(right)s 1421(parameter)s 2437(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k
3149(appears)s 3931(as)s 4183(part)s 4615(of)s 4888(the)s
5237(result,)s 5875(and)s 6281(indeed)s 6978(the)s 7327(result)s
7919(is)s 8130(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 8843(an)s
0 3245(object)m 651(whose)s 1327(size)s 1761(is)s 1979(identical)s
2863(to)s 3110(the)s 3465(size)s 3900(of)s 4178(the)s
4534(right)s 5052(parameter)s 6074(with)s 220 fnt35 6563 3242(@OneCol)m
240 fnt82 7583 3245(and)m 220 fnt35 7995 3242(@OneRo)m 3(w)k
240 fnt82 0 2957(applied)m 762(to)s 1001(it.)s 1297(From)s
1875(no)s 6(w)k 2336(on)s 2633(we)s 2968(refer)s
3477(to)s 3716(this)s 4112(part)s 4543(of)s 4814(the)s
5162(result)s 5752(as)s 6002(the)s 240 fnt83 6350 2959(base)m
240 fnt82 6782 2957(.)m 480 2583(The)m 898(left)s 1264(parameter)s
2267(is)s 2466(implementation-dependent:)s 5184(that)s 5591(is,)s 5847(its)s
6112(meaning)s 6978(is)s 7177(not)s 7532(de\207ned)s 8284(by)s
8567(Lout,)s 0 2295(and)m 421(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1313(implementations)s
2975(could)s 3582(require)s 4332(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5224(v)s 6(alues)k
5898(for)s 6253(it.)s 6567(The)s 7012(follo)s 6(wing)k
8007(description)s 0 2007(applies)m 752(to)s 1016(Basser)s 1737(Lout,)s
2321(which)s 2988(uses)s 3475(the)s 3848(PostScript)s 4914(page)s
5447(description)s 6591(language)s 7535([1)s 7709(].)s 7977(Similar)s
8764(b)s 4(ut)k 0 1719(more)m 559(restricted)s 1517(possibilities)s
2722(e)s 3(xist)k 3243(with)s 3737(the)s 4098(PDF)s
4608(back)s 5134(end)s 5550(\(see)s 6003(a)s 6182(separate)s
7033(document)s 8050(distrib)s 4(uted)k 0 1431(with)m 482(Lout\);)s
1125(to)s 1364(include)s 2124(both,)s 2657(use)s 3032(the)s
220 fnt35 3380 1428(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt82 4525 1431(symbol)m
5285(lik)s 2(e)k 5697(this:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 64 70
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(64)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 220 fnt35 480 13207({ @Bac)m 4(kEnd @Case {)k
480 12919(      P)m 11(ostScr)k -3(ipt @Y)k 4(ield)k 480 12631(      {)m
480 12343(          ...)m 480 12055(      })m 480 11767(      PDF @Y)m 4(ield)k 480 11479(      {)m
480 11191(          ...)m 480 10903(      })m 480 10615(  })m 480 10327(  @Gr)m 2(aphic)k
480 10039(  {)m 480 9751(      ...)m 480 9463(  })m 480 9175(})m 240 fnt82
0 8681(Returning)m 1039(to)s 1307(PostScript,)s 2425(the)s 2802(left)s
3208(parameter)s 4251(refers)s 4874(to)s 5142(a)s 5337(coordinate)s
6431(system)s 7184(whose)s 7881(origin)s 8538(is)s 8778(the)s
0 8393(bottom)m 773(left-hand)s 1728(corner)s 2433(of)s 2740(the)s
3123(base.)s 3747(It)s 3987(may)s 4489(use)s 4899(the)s
5282(symbols)s 220 fnt35 6166 8390(xsiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt82
6751 8393(and)m 220 fnt35 7190 8390(ysiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt82
7774 8393(to)m 8048(denote)s 8778(the)s 0 8105(horizontal)m 1031(and)s
1442(v)s 3(ertical)k 2216(size)s 2650(of)s 2928(the)s
3283(base;)s 3827(similarly)s 15(,)k 220 fnt35 4774 8102(xmar)m -3(k)k
240 fnt82 5442 8105(and)m 220 fnt35 5853 8102(ymar)m -3(k)k
240 fnt82 6521 8105(denote)m 7222(the)s 7577(positions)s 8499(of)s
8778(the)s 0 7817(base')m 13(s)k 635(column)s 1410(and)s
1814(ro)s 6(w)k 2234(marks:)s gsave
480 5454 translate
180 fnt82 3570 2072 0 1994 180 288 45 LoutGraphic
gsave
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
180 fnt83 107 1955(ysize)m
0 1388(ymark)m 180 fnt82 364 253(0)m 2551 1701 850 1134 180 288 45 676 293 LoutGr2
grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin
grestore
2551 1701 850 1134 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2
/lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore
0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore
2551 1701 850 1134 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2

0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap
0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark
xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd []
xmark -0.3 cm
xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath
pop pop
grestore

grestore

grestore
end end restore
grestore
676 14(0)m 180 fnt83
1526 15(xmark)m 3227(xsize)s end end restore
grestore
0 5003(In)m 265(addition)s 1115(to)s
1363(these)s 1920(four)s 2387(symbols)s 3245(and)s 3658(0,)s
3895(lengths)s 4646(may)s 5121(be)s 5412(denoted)s 6238(in)s
6490(centimetres,)s 7706(inches,)s 8434(points,)s 0 4715(ems,)m 492(f)s -13(')k 13(s,)k
850(v')s 13(s)k 1180(and)s 1584(s')s 13(s)k
1887(using)s 2459(the)s 2807(notation)s 240 fnt83 480 4179(l)m
220 fnt35 666 4174(cm)m 240 fnt82 1197 4177(instead)m 1932(of)s
2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt83 3045 4179(l)m 240 fnt82
3111 4177(c)m 240 fnt83 480 3891(l)m 220 fnt35 666 3886(in)m
240 fnt82 1197 3889(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k
240 fnt83 3045 3891(l)m 240 fnt82 3111 3889(i)m 240 fnt83
480 3603(l)m 220 fnt35 666 3598(pt)m 240 fnt82 1197 3601(instead)m
1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt83 3045 3603(l)m
240 fnt82 3111 3601(p)m 240 fnt83 480 3315(l)m 220 fnt35
666 3310(em)m 240 fnt82 1197 3313(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k
240 fnt83 3045 3315(l)m 240 fnt82 3111 3313(m)m 240 fnt83
480 3027(l)m 220 fnt35 666 3022(ft)m 240 fnt82 1197 3025(instead)m
1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt83 3045 3027(l)m
240 fnt82 3111 3025(f)m 240 fnt83 480 2739(l)m 220 fnt35
666 2734(vs)m 240 fnt82 1197 2737(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k
240 fnt83 3045 2739(l)m 240 fnt82 3111 2737(v)m 240 fnt83
480 2451(l)m 220 fnt35 666 2446(sp)m 240 fnt82 1197 2449(instead)m
1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt83 3045 2451(l)m
240 fnt82 3111 2449(s)m 0 1908(Note)m 521(that)s 939(there)s
1472(must)s 1997(be)s 2279(a)s 2445(space)s 3032(between)s
3886(the)s 4234(number)s 5025(and)s 5429(its)s 5705(unit,)s
6184(unlik)s 2(e)k 6836(Lout)s 7348(proper)s 13(.)k
480 1534(A)m 732(point)s 1306(within)s 1996(the)s 2366(base)s
2869(\(and,)s 3423(with)s 3927(care,)s 4453(a)s 4642(point)s
5216(outside)s 5985(it\))s 6267(may)s 6755(be)s 7059(denoted)s
7897(by)s 8213(a)s 8401(pair)s 8855(of)s 0 1246(lengths.)m
855(F)s 3(or)k 1244(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35
480 749(xmar)m -3(k  ymar)k -3(k)k 240 fnt82 0 251(is)m
210(the)s 558(point)s 1110(where)s 1750(the)s 2098(marks)s
2733(cross,)s 3331(and)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 65 71
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.38.)m 574(@Gr)s 3(aphic)k 240 fnt84
8833 13840(65)m 220 fnt35 480 13214(0   2 cm)m 240 fnt82 0 12759(is)m
195(a)s 346(point)s 883(on)s 1164(the)s 1497(left)s
1859(edge,)s 2402(tw)s 2(o)k 2797(centimetres)s 3933(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
4539(the)s 4872(bottom)s 5595(left-hand)s 6499(corner)s 13(.)k
7245(These)s 7857(tw)s 2(o)k 8251(numbers)s 0 12471(are)m
347(called)s 975(the)s 240 fnt83 1323 12473(x)m 1489(coor)s 8(dinate)k
240 fnt82 2571 12471(and)m 2975(the)s 240 fnt83 3323 12473(y)m
3485(coor)s 8(dinate)k 240 fnt82 4567 12471(of)m 4838(the)s
5186(point.)s 480 12097(The)m 906(\207rst)s 1335(step)s 1770(in)s
2011(specifying)s 3057(a)s 3221(graphic)s 3988(object)s 4630(is)s
4837(to)s 5074(de\207ne)s 5712(a)s 240 fnt83 5876 12099(path)m
240 fnt82 6297 12097(.)m 6458(A)s 6686(path)s 7152(can)s
7539(be)s 7818(thought)s 8608(of)s 8876(as)s 0 11809(the)m
349(track)s 888(of)s 1161(a)s 1328(pen)s 1733(mo)s 3(ving)k
2516(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 2996(the)s 3346(page.)s
3963(The)s 4393(pen)s 4797(may)s 5265(be)s 5548(up)s
5842(\(not)s 6289(dra)s 3(wing\))k 7199(or)s 7460(do)s 6(wn)k
8045(\(dra)s 3(wing)k 8960(a)s 0 11521(line)m 414(or)s
673(curv)s 3(e\))k 1329(as)s 1579(it)s 1771(mo)s 3(v)k 3(es.)k
2554(The)s 2982(entire)s 3581(path)s 4050(is)s 4260(a)s
4426(sequence)s 5359(of)s 5630(the)s 5978(follo)s 6(wing)k
6955(items:)s 240 fnt83 1847 11149(x)m 2013(y)s 220 fnt35
2175 11144(mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k 240 fnt82 3120 11147(Lift)m
3537(the)s 3885(pen)s 4288(and)s 4692(mo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
5274(it)s 5466(to)s 5705(the)s 6053(indicated)s 6987(point.)s
240 fnt83 2036 10790(x)m 2202(y)s 220 fnt35 2364 10785(lineto)m
240 fnt82 3120 10788(Put)m 3557(the)s 3963(pen)s 4424(do)s 6(wn)k
5066(and)s 5528(dra)s 3(w)k 6115(a)s 6339(straight)s
7173(line)s 7645(to)s 7942(the)s 8348(indicat)s 8998(-)s
3120 10500(ed)m 3404(point.)s 240 fnt83 702 10141(x)m 868(y)s
1030(r)s 1188(angle1)s 1879(angle2)s 220 fnt35 2580 10136(arc)m
240 fnt82 3120 10139(Put)m 3502(the)s 3853(pen)s 4259(do)s 6(wn)k
4846(and)s 5253(dra)s 3(w)k 5785(a)s 5954(circular)s
6745(arc)s 7092(whose)s 7763(centre)s 8405(has)s 8779(co)s
8998(-)s 3120 9851(ordinates)m 240 fnt83 4058 9853(x)m 240 fnt82
4235 9851(and)m 240 fnt83 4650 9853(y)m 240 fnt82 4823 9851(and)m
5238(whose)s 5917(radius)s 6563(is)s 240 fnt83 6784 9853(r)m
240 fnt82 6882 9851(.)m 7057(The)s 7496(arc)s 7851(be)s 3(gins)k
8535(at)s 8778(the)s 3120 9563(angle)m 240 fnt83 3727 9565(angle1)m
240 fnt82 4451 9563(measuring)m 5533(counterclockwise)s 7295(from)s 7852(the)s
8233(point)s 8818(di)s 8998(-)s 3120 9275(rectly)m 3714(to)s
3949(the)s 4294(right)s 4801(of)s 5069(the)s 5413(centre,)s
6100(and)s 6500(proceeds)s 7397(counterclockwise)s 3120 8987(to)m 240 fnt83
3361 8989(angle2)m 240 fnt82 4002 8987(.)m 4168(If)s 4401(the)s
4751(arc)s 5098(is)s 5310(not)s 5679(the)s 6029(\207rst)s
6462(thing)s 7010(on)s 7309(the)s 7660(path,)s 8181(a)s
8350(straight)s 3120 8699(line)m 3549(will)s 3990(be)s 4287(dra)s 3(wn)k
4954(connecting)s 6072(the)s 6435(current)s 7186(point)s 7753(to)s
8007(the)s 8370(start)s 8855(of)s 3120 8411(the)m 3468(arc.)s
240 fnt83 589 8102(x)m 755(y)s 917(r)s 1075(angle1)s
1766(angle2)s 220 fnt35 2467 8097(arcn)m 240 fnt82 3120 8100(As)m
3437(for)s 3775(arc,)s 4173(b)s 4(ut)k 4535(the)s
4883(arc)s 5227(goes)s 5717(clockwise)s 6729(from)s 240 fnt83
7253 8102(angle1)m 240 fnt82 7944 8100(to)m 240 fnt83 8183 8102(angle2)m
240 fnt82 8824 8100(.)m 220 fnt35 1955 7738(closepath)m 240 fnt82
3120 7741(Dra)m 3(w)k 3702(a)s 3868(straight)s 4644(line)s
5058(back)s 5571(to)s 5810(the)s 6158(point)s 6710(most)s
7235(recently)s 8058(mo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 8762(to.)s
0 7367(The)m 428(\207rst)s 860(item)s 1344(should)s 2042(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k
2753(be)s 3036(a)s 220 fnt35 3202 7364(mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k
240 fnt82 3907 7367(,)m 220 fnt35 4015 7364(arc)m 240 fnt82
4315 7367(,)m 4422(or)s 220 fnt35 4682 7364(arcn)m 240 fnt82
5095 7367(.)m 5259(It)s 5465(should)s 6162(be)s 6445(clear)s
6968(from)s 7493(this)s 7889(that)s 8308(the)s 8657(path)s
0 7079(gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k 580(earlier:)s 220 fnt35
480 6585(0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k 480 6297(0 ysiz)m 3(e lineto)k
480 6009(xsiz)m 3(e ysiz)k 3(e lineto)k 480 5721(xsiz)m 3(e 0 lineto)k
480 5433(closepath)m 240 fnt82 0 4937(traces)m 607(around)s 1330(the)s
1678(boundary)s 2637(of)s 2908(the)s 3256(base)s 3737(with)s
4219(the)s 4567(pen)s 4970(do)s 6(wn.)k 480 4563(Once)m
1039(a)s 1203(path)s 1670(is)s 1877(set)s 2200(up,)s
2545(we)s 2877(are)s 3222(ready)s 3805(to)s 240 fnt83
4041 4565(paint)m 240 fnt82 4595 4563(it)m 4785(onto)s 5262(the)s
5607(page.)s 6221(There)s 6832(are)s 7176(tw)s 2(o)k
7584(choices:)s 8405(we)s 8737(can)s 0 4275(either)m 240 fnt83
618 4277(str)m 10(ok)k 2(e)k 240 fnt82 1259 4275(it,)m
1514(which)s 2172(means)s 2850(to)s 3105(display)s 3866(it)s
4074(as)s 4340(described;)s 5383(or)s 5658(we)s 6009(can)s
240 fnt83 6414 4277(\207ll)m 240 fnt82 6742 4275(it,)m 6997(which)s
7655(means)s 8333(to)s 8588(paint)s 0 3987(e)m 6(v)k 3(erything)k
1067(inside)s 1694(it)s 1886(gre)s 3(y)k 2362(or)s
2621(black.)s 3303(F)s 3(or)k 3692(stroking)s 4529(the)s
4877(tw)s 2(o)k 5287(main)s 5822(options)s 6578(are)s
240 fnt83 1581 3484(length)m 220 fnt35 2234 3479(setline)m 4(width)k
240 fnt82 3600 3482(The)m 4028(pen)s 4431(will)s 4857(dra)s 3(w)k
5386(lines)s 5888(of)s 6159(the)s 6507(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
7087(width.)s 220 fnt35 1553 2974([)m 240 fnt83 1668 2979(length)m
220 fnt35 2321 2974(])m 2430(0)s 2605(setdash)s 240 fnt82
3600 2977(The)m 4034(pen)s 4444(will)s 4876(dra)s 3(w)k
5412(dashed)s 6142(lines)s 6650(when)s 7233(it)s 7432(is)s
7648(do)s 6(wn,)k 8289(with)s 8778(the)s 3600 2689(dashes)m
4289(each)s 4784(of)s 5055(the)s 5403(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
5983(length.)s 0 2186(These)m 627(options)s 1383(are)s 1730(follo)s 6(wed)k
2632(by)s 2926(the)s 3274(w)s 2(ord)k 220 fnt35
3822 2183(strok)m 4(e)k 240 fnt82 4408 2186(.)m 4572(So,)s
4932(for)s 5270(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 1688({ 0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto)k
480 1400(  2 pt setline)m 4(width [ 5 pt ] 0 setdash strok)k 4(e)k 480 1112(})m 480 824(@Gr)m 2(aphic { 3i @Wide })k
240 fnt82 0 328(has)m 370(result)s 4320 0 0 0 240 288 60 480 38 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
2 pt setlinewidth [ 5 pt ] 0 setdash stroke
grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 66 72
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(66)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt82 480 12940(When)m
1106(\207lling)s 1726(in)s 1965(the)s 2310(re)s 3(gion)k
2971(enclosed)s 3862(by)s 4153(a)s 4315(path,)s 4830(the)s
5175(main)s 5706(option)s 6371(is)s 220 fnt35 6578 12937(setg)m 2(r)k 2(a)k 6(y)k
240 fnt82 7286 12940(,)m 7389(which)s 8027(determines)s 0 12652(the)m
348(shade)s 949(of)s 1220(gre)s 3(y)k 1696(to)s
1935(use,)s 2361(on)s 2658(a)s 2824(scale)s 3357(from)s
3881(0)s 4056(\(black\))s 4781(to)s 5020(1)s 5175(\(white\).)s
6028(So,)s 6388(for)s 6726(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35
480 12154({ 0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto 0 ysiz)k 3(e lineto closepath)k
480 11866(  0.8 setg)m 2(r)k 2(a)k 6(y \207ll)k 480 11578(})m
480 11290(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 480 11002({ 2c @Wide  2c @High })m 240 fnt82 0 10503(has)m
370(result)s 1134 1134 0 1134 240 288 60 480 9079 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath
0.8 setgray fill
grestore

grestore
480 8363(There)m 1107(are)s 1468(man)s 3(y)k
2066(other)s 2631(options.)s 3515(The)s 3957(v)s 6(alue)k
4540(of)s 4825(the)s 5188(left)s 5579(parameter)s 6608(of)s
220 fnt35 6893 8360(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 7952 8363(may)m
8432(be)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 8075(fragment)m 922(of)s
1193(the)s 1541(PostScript)s 2583(page)s 3091(description)s 4210(language)s
5130([1)s 5304(].)s 5547(Here)s 6067(are)s 6414(tw)s 2(o)k
6824(other)s 7375(e)s 3(xamples:)k 220 fnt35 480 7578(xsiz)m 3(e)k
1030(2)s 1203(div)s 240 fnt82 0 7124(denoting)m 891(a)s
1057(length)s 1712(equal)s 2285(to)s 2524(half)s 2967(the)s
3315(horizontal)s 4339(size)s 4766(of)s 5037(the)s 5385(base,)s
5917(and)s 220 fnt35 480 6625(gsa)m 4(v)k 5(e)k
1110(\207ll)s 1363(g)s 2(restore)k 2219(strok)s 4(e)k
240 fnt82 0 6126(which)m 648(both)s 1138(\207lls)s 1554(and)s
1965(strok)s 2(es)k 2698(the)s 3053(path.)s 3636(Since)s
4230(Basser)s 4933(Lout)s 5452(does)s 5949(not)s 6322(check)s
6948(that)s 7373(the)s 7728(left)s 8112(parameter)s 0 5838(is)m
209(v)s 6(alid)k 737(PostScript,)s 1824(it)s 2014(is)s
2222(possible)s 3061(to)s 3298(cause)s 3883(mysterious)s 4981(errors)s
5586(in)s 5828(the)s 6174(printing)s 6982(de)s 6(vice,)k
7705(resulting)s 8592(in)s 8833(no)s 0 5550(output,)m 708(if)s
914(an)s 1186(incorrect)s 2083(v)s 6(alue)k 2640(is)s
2839(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en.)k 3515(It)s 3709(is)s
3908(a)s 4063(good)s 4590(idea)s 5037(to)s 5265(encapsulate)s
6425(graphics)s 7275(objects)s 7992(in)s 8224(carefully)s 0 5262(tested)m
635(de\207nitions,)s 1772(lik)s 2(e)k 2205(those)s 2786(of)s
3078(the)s 3446(Diag)s 3985(\207gure)s 4619(dra)s 3(wing)k
5473(package)s 6334([4)s 6527(,)s 6654(Chapter)s 7492(9],)s
7818(to)s 8078(be)s 8380(sure)s 8855(of)s 0 4974(a)m 4(v)k 4(oiding)k
883(these)s 1430(errors.)s 480 4600(PostScript)m 1543(e)s 3(xperts)k
2302(may)s 2789(\207nd)s 3241(the)s 3610(follo)s 6(wing)k
4608(information)s 5814(helpful)s 6567(when)s 7164(designing)s 8170(adv)s 6(anced)k
0 4312(graphics)m 861(features.)s 1780(The)s 2208(left)s 2585(parameter)s
3599(of)s 220 fnt35 3870 4309(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
4914 4312(may)m 5380(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5881(tw)s 2(o)k
6291(parts,)s 6862(separated)s 7822(by)s 220 fnt35 8116 4309(//)m
240 fnt82 8241 4312(:)m 220 fnt35 480 3804({)m 240 fnt83
604 3809(\207r)m 2(st)k 1038(part)s 220 fnt35 1501 3804(//)m
240 fnt83 1686 3809(second)m 2417(part)s 220 fnt35 2880 3804(} @Gr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt83 4058 3809(object)m 240 fnt82 0 3308(If)m 230(there)s
763(is)s 973(no)s 220 fnt35 1266 3305(//)m 240 fnt82
1391 3308(,)m 1498(the)s 1846(second)s 2569(part)s 3000(is)s
3210(tak)s 2(en)k 3783(to)s 4022(be)s 4304(empty)s 15(.)k
5051(The)s 5479(PostScript)s 6521(output)s 7193(has)s 7563(the)s
7911(form)s 220 fnt35 480 2851(gsa)m 4(v)k 5(e)k
240 fnt83 480 2568(x)m 646(y)s 220 fnt35 808 2563(tr)m 2(anslate)k
240 fnt83 480 2280(Code)m 1039(whic)s 3(h)k 1663(de\207nes)s
220 fnt35 2383 2275(xsiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt83 2872 2280(,)m
220 fnt35 2965 2275(ysiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt83 3454 2280(,)m
220 fnt35 3547 2275(xmar)m -3(k)k 240 fnt83 4148 2280(,)m
220 fnt35 4241 2275(ymar)m -3(k)k 240 fnt83 4842 2280(,)m
220 fnt35 4935 2275(ft)m 240 fnt83 5053 2280(,)m 220 fnt35
5146 2275(vs)m 240 fnt83 5359 2280(,)m 5452(and)s 220 fnt35
5878 2275(sp)m 480 1987(gsa)m 4(v)k 5(e)k 240 fnt83
480 1704(\207r)m 2(st)k 914(part)s 220 fnt35 480 1411(g)m 2(restore)k
240 fnt83 480 1128(Code)m 1039(whic)s 3(h)k 1663(r)s 8(ender)k 2(s)k
2439(the)s 2784(right)s 3313(par)s 3(ameter)k 4372(in)s
4612(tr)s 3(anslated)k 5645(coor)s 8(dinates)k 480 840(second)m
1211(part)s 220 fnt35 480 547(g)m 2(restore)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 67 73
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Symbol
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.38.)m 574(@Gr)s 3(aphic)k 240 fnt84
8831 13840(67)m 240 fnt82 0 13205(where)m 240 fnt83 628 13207(x)m
240 fnt78 733 13199(,)m 240 fnt83 802 13207(y)m 240 fnt82
952 13205(is)m 1149(the)s 1485(position)s 2300(of)s 2558(the)s
2894(lo)s 6(wer)k 3479(left)s 3843(corner)s 4501(of)s
4759(the)s 5095(base.)s 5671(Ha)s 4(ving)k 6412(tw)s 2(o)k
6810(parts)s 7312(permits)s 8066(brack)s 2(eting)k 0 12917(operations,)m
1112(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt35 1533 12914(sa)m 4(v)k 5(e)k
240 fnt82 2049 12917(and)m 220 fnt35 2462 12914(restore)m 240 fnt82
3206 12917(or)m 220 fnt35 3474 12914(begin)m 240 fnt82 4065 12917(and)m
220 fnt35 4478 12914(end)m 240 fnt82 4832 12917(,)m 4949(to)s
5197(enclose)s 5979(an)s 6271(object.)s 7028(See)s 7438(the)s
7795(source)s 8484(\207le)s 8855(of)s 0 12629(the)m 348(Diag)s
866(package)s 1706(for)s 2044(e)s 3(xamples.)k 240 fnt84
0 11836(3.39.)m 591(@PlainGraphic)s 240 fnt82 567 11359(The)m 220 fnt35
1023 11356(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 2580 11359(symbol)m 3368(is)s
3606(a)s 4(v)k 3(ery)k 4211(rudimentary)s 5461(analogue)s
6408(for)s 6774(plain)s 7337(te)s 3(xt)k 7779(output)s
8479(of)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt35 0 11068(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt82 1037 11071(symbol)m 1789(for)s 2119(PostScript)s 3153(output.)s
3921(Its)s 4202(result)s 4784(is)s 4986(its)s 5254(right)s
5757(parameter)s 6763(printed)s 7490(on)s 7779(a)s 7937(background)s
0 10783(created)m 747(by)s 1041(repeated)s 1908(printings)s 2809(of)s
3080(its)s 3356(left)s 3733(parameter)s 9(,)k 4785(which)s
5427(must)s 5952(be)s 6234(a)s 6400(simple)s 7093(w)s 2(ord.)k
7747(F)s 3(or)k 8136(e)s 3(xample,)k 480 10278("." @PlainGraphic 5s @W)m 9(ide)k
0 9775(w)m 2(ould)k 676(produce)s 1525(\207v)s 3(e)k
1959(dots.)s 220 fnt35 2544 9772(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
4096 9775(is)m 4328(used)s 4847(in)s 5112(the)s 220 fnt35
5482 9772(tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt82 5777 9775(table-dra)m 3(wing)k
7176(package)s 8038(to)s 8299(produce)s 0 9487(plain-te)m 3(xt)k
972(rules.)s 240 fnt84 0 8694(3.40.)m 591(@IncludeGraphic)s 2491(and)s
2932(@SysIncludeGraphic)s 240 fnt82 540 8217(These)m 1167(symbols)s 2016(instruct)s
2792(Lout)s 3304(to)s 3543(incorporate)s 4687(a)s 4853(separately)s
5875(created)s 6622(illustration:)s 220 fnt35 480 7716(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic  "m)k 3(ypor)k -8(tr)k 2(ait.eps")k
240 fnt82 0 7218(The)m 457(parameter)s 1500(is)s 1739(implementation-dependent;)s
4443(in)s 4715(Basser)s 5441(Lout)s 5982(it)s 6203(is)s
6442(an)s 6754(object)s 7427(whose)s 8124(v)s 6(alue)k
8721(is)s 8960(a)s 0 6930(simple)m 705(w)s 2(ord)k
1265(denoting)s 2168(the)s 2528(name)s 3114(of)s 3397(a)s
3575(\207le.)s 4056(This)s 4544(\207le)s 4917(should)s 5626(ideally)s
6342(be)s 6636(a)s 6814(PostScript)s 7868(EPS)s 8338(V)s 26(ersion)k
0 6642(3.0)m 345(\207le)s 696([1)s 870(],)s 1045(since)s
1582(then)s 2040(Lout)s 2542(will)s 2957(k)s 2(eep)k
3450(careful)s 4156(track)s 4684(of)s 4944(what)s 5459(resources)s
6401(are)s 6738(required)s 7581(for)s 7909(printing)s 8708(that)s
0 6354(\207le.)m 473(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
1437(an)s 3(y)k 1838(PostScript)s 2885(\207le)s 3250(containing)s
4317(the)s 220 fnt35 4669 6351(%%BoundingBo)m 6(x:)k 240 fnt82
6464 6354(comment)m 7418(and)s 7826(not)s 8197(requiring)s 0 6066(unusual)m
800(resources)s 1753(is)s 1963(lik)s 2(ely)k 2559(to)s
2798(w)s 2(ork.)k 480 5692(The)m 924(result)s 1530(of)s
220 fnt35 1817 5689(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 3584 5692(is)m
3811(an)s 4110(ordinary)s 4990(Lout)s 5518(object)s 6179(with)s
6677(marks)s 7328(through)s 8146(its)s 8439(centre.)s 0 5404(It)m
202(may)s 665(be)s 944(rotated,)s 1711(scaled,)s 2412(and)s
2813(generally)s 3753(treated)s 4456(lik)s 2(e)k 4865(an)s 3(y)k
5259(other)s 5807(object.)s 6552(Basser)s 7246(Lout)s 7755(determines)s
8850(its)s 0 5116(size)m 434(by)s 735(consulting)s 1792(the)s
2147(bounding)s 3113(box)s 3536(information)s 4728(in)s 4978(the)s
5333(\207le.)s 5809(If)s 6047(this)s 6450(cannot)s 7155(be)s
7444(found,)s 8117(a)s 8291(w)s 2(arning)k 0 4828(message)m
866(is)s 1076(printed)s 1811(and)s 2215(the)s 2563(result)s
3153(object)s 3797(has)s 4167(zero)s 4631(size.)s 220 fnt35
480 4451(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 2228 4454(searches)m 3085(the)s
3429(same)s 3973(directories)s 5027(that)s 220 fnt35 5442 4451(@Include)m
240 fnt82 6421 4454(does)m 6907(\(Section)s 7757(3.42\).)s 220 fnt35
8416 4451(@Sys)m 240 fnt82 8998 4454(-)m 220 fnt35 0 4163(IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt82 1562 4166(is)m 1806(the)s 2188(same)s 2769(as)s
220 fnt35 3053 4163(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 4744 4166(,)m
4885(e)s 3(xcept)k 5600(that)s 6052(it)s 6278(searches)s
7172(only)s 7686(the)s 8068(directories)s 0 3878(searched)m 894(by)s
220 fnt35 1188 3875(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt82 2476 3878(.)m 480 3504(If)m
720(the)s 1079(\207le)s 1450(name)s 2035(ends)s 2536(in)s
2789(an)s 3(y)k 3197(of)s 220 fnt35 3478 3501(.gz)m
240 fnt82 3765 3504(,)m 220 fnt35 3883 3501(-gz)m 240 fnt82
4182 3504(,)m 220 fnt35 4300 3501(.z)m 240 fnt82 4465 3504(,)m
220 fnt35 4582 3501(-z)m 240 fnt82 4759 3504(,)m 220 fnt35
4877 3501(_z)m 240 fnt82 5103 3504(,)m 5220(or)s 220 fnt35
5490 3501(.Z)m 240 fnt82 5680 3504(,)m 5798(the)s 6156(\207le)s
6528(will)s 6964(\207rst)s 7406(be)s 7699(uncompressed)s 0 3216(using)m
565(the)s 220 fnt35 906 3213(gunzip)m 240 fnt82 1597 3216(command)m
2592(into)s 3010(a)s 3169(temporary)s 4198(\207le)s 4552(called)s
220 fnt35 5173 3213(lout.eps)m 240 fnt82 5987 3216(in)m 6223(the)s
6564(current)s 7293(directory)s 15(.)k 8297(This)s 8765(\207le)s
0 2928(is)m 210(remo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 1099(immediately)s
2347(after)s 2843(it)s 3035(is)s 3245(copied)s 3941(into)s
4366(the)s 4714(output)s 5386(\207le.)s 240 fnt84 0 2135(3.41.)m
591(@Pr)s 4(ependGraphic and @SysPr)k 4(ependGraphic)k 240 fnt82 582 1658(These)m
1252(symbols,)s 2200(which)s 2885(may)s 3394(appear)s 4134(an)s 3(ywhere)k
5160(that)s 5621(a)s 5830(de\207nition)s 6847(or)s 220 fnt35
7149 1655(@Use)m 240 fnt82 7857 1658(symbol)m 8660(may)s 0 1370(appear)m 9(,)k
738(tell)s 1101(Lout)s 1617(to)s 1860(include)s 2624(the)s
2976(contents)s 3828(of)s 4103(a)s 4273(\207le)s 4637(in)s
4884(the)s 5236(preamble)s 6185(of)s 6460(its)s 6740(output.)s
7520(F)s 3(or)k 7913(Basser)s 8614(Lout)s 0 1082(this)m
418(means)s 1102(that)s 1542(the)s 1912(\207le)s 2295(must)s
2843(contain)s 3626(PostScript)s 4690(\(and)s 5195(ideally)s 5921(it)s
6136(w)s 2(ould)k 6813(be)s 3(gin)k 7421(and)s
7847(end)s 8273(with)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt35 0 791(%%BeginResource)m
240 fnt82 1941 794(and)m 220 fnt35 2345 791(%%EndResource)m 240 fnt82
4116 794(comments)m 5150(of)s 5421(DSC)s 5939(3.0\).)s 6482(F)s 3(or)k
6871(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 293(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic { diagf)k 6(.lpg })k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 68 74
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(68)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(appears)m
818(at)s 1088(the)s 1474(start)s 1981(of)s 2290(the)s
2676(Diag)s 3231(package;)s 4165(the)s 4551(\207le)s 220 fnt35
4949 13202(diagf)m 6(.lpg)k 240 fnt82 5857 13205(contains)m 6743(a)s
6946(number)s 7775(of)s 8084(PostScript)s 0 12917(de\207nitions)m 1048(used)s
1532(by)s 1812(Diag)s 2317(for)s 2642(dra)s 3(wing)k
3462(diagrams.)s 4489(It)s 4680(sa)s 4(v)k 3(es)k
5229(a)s 5382(lot)s 5680(of)s 5938(space)s 6511(to)s
6737(include)s 7484(them)s 8008(just)s 8400(once)s 8894(at)s
0 12629(the)m 334(start)s 789(lik)s 2(e)k 1186(this,)s
1624(rather)s 2225(than)s 2679(with)s 3146(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k
3708(diagram.)s 220 fnt35 4640 12626(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
6498 12629(and)m 220 fnt35 6887 12626(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
0 12341(search)m 667(for)s 1005(the)s 1353(\207le)s 1714(in)s
1957(the)s 2305(same)s 2852(places)s 3500(as)s 220 fnt35
3750 12338(@Include)m 240 fnt82 4732 12341(and)m 220 fnt35 5136 12338(@SysInclude)m
240 fnt82 6484 12341(respecti)m 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k
240 fnt84 0 11548(3.42.)m 591(@Include and @SysInclude)s 240 fnt82 562 11071(These)m
1212(symbols)s 2083(instruct)s 2882(Lout)s 3417(to)s 3678(temporarily)s
4869(switch)s 5572(to)s 5834(reading)s 6627(another)s 7426(\207le,)s
7861(whose)s 8552(name)s 0 10783(appears)m 781(in)s 1024(braces)s
1685(follo)s 6(wing)k 2662(the)s 3010(symbol.)s 3879(F)s 3(or)k
4268(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt35 480 10282(@Include { "/usr/lout/f)m 6(ontdefs" })k
240 fnt82 0 9788(will)m 434(cause)s 1030(the)s 1386(contents)s
2243(of)s 2522(\207le)s 2892(/usr/lout/fontdefs)s 4596(to)s 4844(be)s
5134(read)s 5612(at)s 5852(the)s 6209(point)s 6769(it)s
6970(occurs.)s 7766(After)s 8338(that)s 8765(\207le)s 0 9500(is)m
214(read,)s 736(the)s 1089(current)s 1829(\207le)s 2194(is)s
2409(resumed.)s 3387(The)s 3819(included)s 4706(\207le)s 5071(may)s
5541(contain)s 6307(arbitrary)s 7186(Lout)s 7702(te)s 3(xt,)k
8169(including)s 0 9212(other)m 220 fnt35 566 9209(@Include)m 240 fnt82
1564 9212(commands.)m 2780(The)s 3224(\207le)s 3600(is)s 3826(searched)s
4735(for)s 5089(\207rst)s 5535(in)s 5794(the)s 6157(current)s
6909(directory)s 15(,)k 7878(then)s 8363(in)s 8621(a)s
8803(se)s 8998(-)s 0 8924(quence)m 732(of)s 1001(standard)s
1866(places)s 2512(which)s 3151(are)s 3496(not)s 3859(necessarily)s
4972(the)s 5318(same)s 5862(places)s 6508(that)s 6923(databases)s
7888(are)s 8232(searched)s 0 8636(for)m 13(.)k 220 fnt35
429 8633(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt82 1777 8636(searches)m 2637(the)s 2985(standard)s
3853(places)s 4501(only)s 15(.)k 240 fnt84 0 7843(3.43.)m
591(@BackEnd)s 1814(and)s 2255(the)s 2629(PlainT)s 22(ext)k
3663(and)s 4104(PDF)s 4623(back)s 5172(ends)s 240 fnt82
547 7411(The)m 220 fnt35 983 7408(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt82
2136 7411(symbol,)m 2955(which)s 3605(tak)s 2(es)k 4153(no)s
4454(parameters,)s 5615(has)s 5993(for)s 6339(its)s 6623(result)s
7220(a)s 7394(string)s 7999(naming)s 8778(the)s 0 7123(back)m
523(end)s 938(currently)s 1865(in)s 2119(use.)s 2613(Three)s
3237(back)s 3761(ends)s 4262(are)s 4620(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k
5590(PostScript,)s 6690(PDF)s 7198(and)s 7613(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt.)k
8698(The)s 0 6835(symbol)m 760(is)s 970(generally)s 1913(used)s
2410(lik)s 2(e)k 2822(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 6334(@Bac)m 4(kEnd @Case {)k
480 6046(    PlainT)m 26(e)k 6(xt @Y)k 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k
480 5758(    P)m 11(ostScr)k -3(ipt @Y)k 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k
480 5470(    PDF @Y)m 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k 480 5182(})m 240 fnt82
0 4688(to)m 255(obtain)s 926(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1817(objects)s
2561(depending)s 3628(on)s 3941(the)s 4305(back)s 4834(end.)s
5360(No)s 220 fnt35 5722 4685(else)m 240 fnt82 6192 4688(is)m
6418(required)s 7288(since)s 7851(these)s 8414(are)s 8778(the)s
0 4400(only)m 480(possible)s 1320(v)s 6(alues.)k 480 4026(When)m
1101(a)s 220 fnt35 1259 4023(@Case)m 240 fnt82 2037 4026(symbol)m
2789(has)s 220 fnt35 3151 4023(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt82
4287 4026(for)m 4617(its)s 4885(left)s 5253(parameter)s 6259(and)s
6655(the)s 6994(left)s 7363(parameter)s 8369(of)s 8631(each)s
220 fnt35 0 3735(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt82 768 3738(symbol)m
1544(within)s 2228(it)s 2435(consists)s 3259(of)s 3546(a)s
3728(sequence)s 4676(of)s 4963(one)s 5381(or)s 5656(more)s
6218(literal)s 6844(w)s 2(ords)k 7494(\(including)s 220 fnt35
8546 3735(else)m 240 fnt82 8940 3738(\),)m 0 3450(Lout)m 531(will)s
976(optimize)s 1888(by)s 2201(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluating)k
3258(the)s 220 fnt35 3625 3447(@Case)m 240 fnt82 4432 3450(symbol)m
5211(at)s 5463(the)s 5830(time)s 6330(it)s 6541(is)s
6771(read.)s 7365(This)s 7861(optimization)s 0 3162(ensures)m 789(that)s
1228(there)s 1782(is)s 2013(only)s 2514(a)s 2701(small)s
3294(once-only)s 4326(performance)s 5610(penalty)s 6389(for)s 6748(multiple)s
7621(back)s 8155(ends,)s 8722(and)s 0 2874(it)m 206(permits)s
987(these)s 220 fnt35 1548 2871(@Case)m 240 fnt82 2350 2874(symbols)m
3213(\(b)s 4(ut)k 3668(no)s 3976(other)s 4541(symbols\))s
5481(to)s 5734(appear)s 6446(within)s 7128(the)s 7490(object)s
8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt35 0 2583(@Include)m 240 fnt82
982 2586(and)m 220 fnt35 1386 2583(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
3259 2586(symbols.)m 480 2212(The)m 918(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k
1899(back)s 2423(end)s 2837(dif)s 6(fers)k 3515(from)s
4050(the)s 4409(PostScript)s 5461(one)s 5874(in)s 6128(tw)s 2(o)k
6548(main)s 7094(respects.)s 8038(First,)s 8593(there)s 0 1924(is)m
226(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 1302(just)s
1724(one)s 2143(font:)s 2711(although)s 3622(all)s 3932(the)s
4297(font)s 4759(commands)s 5864(w)s 2(ork)k 6431(e)s 3(xactly)k
7189(as)s 7456(usual,)s 8085(the)s 3(y)k 8565(don')s 4(t)k
0 1636(actually)m 817(change)s 1558(an)s 3(ything.)k 2565(Each)s
3107(character)s 4049(in)s 4299(this)s 4702(font)s 5155(is)s
5372(tak)s 2(en)k 5953(to)s 6199(be)s 6488(one)s
6898(tenth)s 7440(of)s 7719(one)s 8128(inch)s 8605(wide)s
0 1348(and)m 404(20)s 699(points)s 1335(high.)s 1925(Second,)s
2737(the)s 3085(output)s 3757(is)s 3967(an)s 4250(ordinary)s
5114(te)s 3(xt)k 5529(\207le,)s 5941(not)s 6307(a)s
6473(PostScript)s 7515(\207le.)s 480 974(Clearly)m 15(,)k 1306(with)s
1820(ordinary)s 2716(te)s 3(xt)k 3162(output)s 3866(the)s
4246(possibility)s 5327(of)s 5630(adv)s 6(anced)k 6618(graphics)s
7510(features)s 8348(such)s 8876(as)s 0 686(rotation)m 829(and)s
1262(scaling)s 2022(is)s 2261(curtailed.)s 3290(Ne)s 6(v)k 3(ertheless,)k
4651(all)s 4974(symbols)s 5852(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
6383(well-de\207ned)s 7665(\(possibly)s 8626(null\))s 0 398(ef)m 6(fects)k
706(in)s 976(the)s 1351(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k
2348(back)s 2888(end,)s 3368(so)s 3661(there)s 4221(is)s
4457(no)s 4777(additional)s 5815(danger)s 6553(of)s 6851(crashing)s
7741(the)s 8116(system)s 8867(or)s 0 110(obtaining)m 957(grossly)s
1702(unreasonable)s 3020(output)s 3692(by)s 3986(a)s 4152(change)s
4886(to)s 5125(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt.)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 69 75
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(3.43.)m 574(@Bac)s 4(kEnd)k 1720(and)s
2146(the)s 2491(PlainT)s 22(e)k 4(xt)k 3458(and)s
3884(PDF)s 4417(bac)s 4(k)k 4929(ends)s 240 fnt84
8832 13840(69)m 240 fnt82 480 13249(The)m 905(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k
1872(back)s 2382(end)s 2783(is)s 2990(obtained)s 3869(by)s
4160(the)s 220 fnt35 4505 13246(-p)m 240 fnt82 4749 13249(option)m
5415(to)s 5651(Basser)s 6345(Lout.)s 6958(The)s 7383(character)s
8314(size)s 8737(can)s 0 12961(be)m 282(changed)s 1138(by)s
1432(adding)s 2137(tw)s 2(o)k 2547(lengths)s 3289(to)s
3528(the)s 220 fnt35 3876 12958(-p)m 240 fnt82 4123 12961(option,)m
4842(lik)s 2(e)k 5254(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 12464(lout -p0.1i12p ...)m
240 fnt82 0 11968(which)m 650(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k
1439(the)s 1795(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k 2773(back)s
3294(end)s 3706(with)s 4196(each)s 4699(character)s 5641(being)s
6234(0.1)s 6577(inches)s 7247(wide)s 7776(and)s 8188(12)s
8490(points)s 0 11680(high.)m 595(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
1561(e)s 3(xperience)k 2655(suggests)s 3523(that)s 3947(the)s
4301(best)s 4752(approach)s 5691(is)s 5907(to)s 6152(de\207ne)s
6799(all)s 7098(horizontal)s 8128(lengths)s 8876(as)s 0 11392(multiples)m
943(of)s 1218(the)s 220 fnt35 1569 11389(s)m 240 fnt82
1736 11392(unit)m 2171(\(the)s 2602(width)s 3208(of)s 3482(a)s
3652(space,)s 4293(hence)s 4911(the)s 5262(width)s 5868(of)s
6143(all)s 6439(characters\))s 7538(and)s 7945(to)s 8188(de\207ne)s
8833(all)s 0 11104(v)m 3(ertical)k 777(lengths)s 1530(as)s
1791(multiples)s 2742(of)s 3023(the)s 220 fnt35 3382 11101(f)m
240 fnt82 3511 11104(unit)m 3954(\(the)s 4391(font)s 4847(size,)s
5336(equal)s 5920(to)s 6169(the)s 6528(height)s 7197(of)s
7479(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 8066(character\),)s 0 10816(and)m
404(not)s 770(to)s 1009(change)s 1743(the)s 2091(character)s
3025(size)s 3452(in)s 3695(the)s 4043(command)s 5045(line.)s
480 10442(There)m 1098(is)s 1314(a)s 220 fnt35 1486 10439(-P)m
240 fnt82 1762 10442(option)m 2437(which)s 3085(is)s 3301(identical)s
4184(with)s 4671(the)s 220 fnt35 5025 10439(-p)m 240 fnt82
5278 10442(option)m 5953(e)s 3(xcept)k 6640(that)s 7064(it)s
7262(inserts)s 7942(a)s 8114(form-feed)s 0 10154(character)m 934(between)s
1788(each)s 2283(tw)s 2(o)k 2693(components)s 3901(of)s
4172(the)s 4520(output,)s 5239(b)s 4(ut)k 5601(not)s
5967(before)s 6633(the)s 6981(\207rst)s 7412(or)s 7671(after)s
8167(the)s 8515(last.)s 480 9780(The)m 911(PDF)s 1412(back)s
1928(end)s 2336(is)s 2549(obtained)s 3435(by)s 3732(typing)s
220 fnt35 4401 9777(lout -Z)m 240 fnt82 5017 9780(.)m 5185(It)s
5393(is)s 5607(similar)s 6332(to)s 6575(PostScript)s 7620(b)s 4(ut)k
7986(much)s 8579(more)s 0 9492(limited)m 755(in)s 1019(functionality)s 15(.)k
2411(Consult)s 3237(a)s 3425(separate)s 4284(document)s 5309(distrib)s 4(uted)k
6407(with)s 6910(Lout)s 7444(for)s 7803(further)s 8534(infor)s
8998(-)s 0 9204(mation.)m 240 fnt84 0 8461(3.44.)m 591(@V)s 24(erbatim and @RawV)k 24(erbatim)k
240 fnt82 543 8029(These)m 1173(symbols)s 2026(instruct)s 2805(Lout)s
3321(to)s 3563(read)s 4036(the)s 4387(follo)s 6(wing)k
5367(te)s 3(xt)k 5786(\(enclosed)s 6763(in)s 7010(braces\))s
7751(v)s 3(erbatim,)k 8708(that)s 0 7741(is,)m 266(turning)s
1010(of)s 6(f)k 1354(all)s 1647(special)s 2365(character)s
3299(meanings.)s 4380(F)s 3(or)k 4769(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 480 7240(@V)m 17(erbatim { "hello" })k 240 fnt82 0 6746(produces)m
480 6243("hello")m 220 fnt35 0 5787(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt82
1178 5790(ignores)m 1983(all)s 2325(characters)s 3393(after)s 3938(the)s
4336(opening)s 5210(brace)s 5833(up)s 6175(to)s 6464(b)s 4(ut)k
6875(not)s 7291(including)s 8297(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 5502(non-white-space)m
1654(character)s 13(.)k 220 fnt35 2697 5499(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim)k
240 fnt82 4278 5502(dif)m 6(fers)k 4964(from)s 220 fnt35
5506 5499(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt82 6653 5502(only)m 7151(in)s
7413(that)s 7849(it)s 8059(ignores)s 8833(all)s 0 5214(characters)m
1018(after)s 1514(the)s 1862(opening)s 2687(brace)s 3261(up)s
3554(to)s 3793(b)s 4(ut)k 4155(not)s 4521(including)s
5479(the)s 5827(\207rst)s 6258(non-white-space)s 7894(character)s 9(,)k
8867(or)s 0 4926(up)m 302(to)s 551(and)s 965(including)s
1931(the)s 2289(\207rst)s 2730(ne)s 6(wline)k 3547(character)s 9(,)k
4528(whiche)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 5585(comes)s 6257(\207rst.)s
6802(This)s 7287(v)s 6(ariant)k 8014(is)s 8234(useful)s
8883(in)s 0 4638(cases)m 555(such)s 1051(as)s 220 fnt35
480 4187(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim {)k 480 3899(     v)m 5(ar x:)k 11( Real)k
480 3611(begin)m 480 3323(})m 240 fnt82 0 2829(where)m 662(the)s
1033(\207rst)s 1486(line)s 1923(of)s 2217(the)s 2587(v)s 3(erbatim)k
3516(te)s 3(xt)k 3954(be)s 3(gins)k 4649(with)s
5154(white)s 5763(space)s 6373(which)s 7038(w)s 2(ould)k
7715(be)s 8020(ignored)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt35 0 2538(@V)m 17(erbatim)k
240 fnt82 1069 2541(.)m 1232(Both)s 1754(symbols)s 2602(ignore)s
3268(all)s 3560(white)s 4146(spaces)s 4820(at)s 5051(the)s
5398(end)s 5801(of)s 6071(the)s 6418(v)s 3(erbatim)k
7323(te)s 3(xt,)k 7784(preceding)s 8778(the)s 0 2253(closing)m
744(brace.)s 240 fnt84 0 1460(3.45.)m 591(@Underline)s 240 fnt82
533 1028(The)m 220 fnt35 953 1025(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt82
2160 1028(symbol)m 2912(underlines)s 3951(its)s 4219(right)s 4722(parameter)s 9(,)k
5767(b)s 4(ut)k 6121(only)s 6593(if)s 6802(that)s
7212(parameter)s 8218(is)s 8420(a)s 8578(w)s 2(ord)k
0 740(or)m 259(a)s 425(paragraph:)s 220 fnt35 480 239(W)m 6(e @Under)k -3(line { really do } mean this)k 3(.)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 70 76
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(70)m 240 fnt83 6081 13843(Chapter)m 6931(3.)s
7205(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 8300(symbols)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(produces)m
480 12702(W)m 19(e)k 849(really)s 849 1679 12678 12 ul
1446(do)s 1739(mean)s
2314(this.)s 0 12199(It)m 204(is)s 412(not)s 776(possible)s
1614(to)s 1851(underline)s 2808(an)s 3089(arbitrary)s 3962(object)s
4604(using)s 5174(this)s 5568(symbol;)s 6383(the)s 220 fnt35
6729 12196(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt82 7942 12199(symbol)m 8700(will)s
0 11911(be)m 282(ignored)s 1071(if)s 1288(this)s 1684(is)s
1894(attempted.)s 480 11537(It)m 731(is)s 987(v)s 3(ery)k
1509(easy)s 2034(to)s 240 fnt83 2319 11539(de\207ne)m 240 fnt82
2990 11537(a)m 3202(symbol)s 4008(which)s 4696(will)s 5168(underline)s
6173(an)s 6502(arbitrary)s 7423(object,)s 8160(using)s 8778(the)s
220 fnt35 0 11246(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 1045 11249(symbol.)m
1915(This)s 2393(raises)s 2988(the)s 3337(question)s 4207(of)s
4479(wh)s 1(y)k 220 fnt35 4946 11246(@Under)m -3(line)k
240 fnt82 6163 11249(is)m 6374(needed)s 7111(at)s 7345(all.)s
7748(The)s 8177(answer)s 8916(is)s 0 10961(that)m 220 fnt35
418 10958(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt82 1633 10961(has)m 2003(tw)s 2(o)k
2413(properties)s 3419(that)s 3837(distinguish)s 4944(it)s 5136(from)s
5660(symbols)s 6509(based)s 7112(on)s 220 fnt35 7409 10958(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt82 8393 10961(.)m 480 10587(First,)m 1021(when)s 220 fnt35
1594 10584(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt82 2806 10587(both)m 3286(contains)s
4130(a)s 4293(paragraph)s 5303(and)s 5704(is)s 5911(used)s
6404(within)s 7069(a)s 7232(paragraph,)s 8292(as)s 8539(in)s
8778(the)s 0 10299(e)m 3(xample)k 875(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k
1561(the)s 1921(inner)s 2485(and)s 2901(outer)s 3465(paragraphs)s
4577(are)s 4937(mer)s 4(ged)k 5720(into)s 6158(one,)s
6623(permitting)s 7684(the)s 8045(underlined)s 0 10011(te)m 3(xt)k
412(to)s 647(break)s 1236(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
1711(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 2430(lines.)s 3041(This)s
3513(is)s 3720(ho)s 6(w)k 4177(the)s 220 fnt35
4522 10008(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt82 5230 10011(symbol)m 5986(w)s 2(orks)k
6617(too,)s 7026(b)s 4(ut)k 7385(symbols)s 8230(based)s
8829(on)s 220 fnt35 0 9720(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
1044 9723(do)m 1337(not)s 1703(permit)s 2386(this)s 2782(mer)s 4(ging.)k
480 9349(Second,)m 1292(Adobe)s 1987(font)s 2432(\207les)s 2881(specify)s
3625(the)s 3973(correct)s 4694(position)s 5522(and)s 5926(thickness)s
6867(of)s 7138(underlining)s 8294(for)s 8631(each)s 0 9061(font,)m
501(and)s 914(the)s 220 fnt35 1272 9058(@Under)m -3(line)k
240 fnt82 2496 9061(symbol)m 3266(follo)s 6(ws)k 4037(these)s
4593(speci\207cations.)s 6068(The)s 6505(font)s 6960(used)s 7466(is)s
7685(the)s 8043(font)s 8497(of)s 8778(the)s 0 8773(\207rst)m
431(object)s 1075(underlined,)s 2205(if)s 2422(it)s 2614(is)s
2824(a)s 2990(simple)s 3683(w)s 2(ord,)k 4280(or)s
4539(else)s 4966(the)s 5314(font)s 5759(of)s 6030(the)s
6378(enclosing)s 7348(paragraph.)s 240 fnt84 0 7980(3.46.)m 591(@P)s 2(ageLabel)k
240 fnt82 533 7503(The)m 220 fnt35 953 7500(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k
240 fnt82 2255 7503(symbol)m 3007(associates)s 4005(a)s 4164(page)s
4664(label)s 5176(in)s 5411(the)s 5751(PostScript)s 6786(output)s
7450(\207le)s 7804(with)s 8278(the)s 8618(page)s 0 7215(within)m
688(which)s 1350(\(or)s 1708(just)s 2133(before)s 2819(which\))s
3552(the)s 3920(symbol)s 4700(occurs,)s 5451(so)s 5737(that)s
6175(PostScript)s 7237(vie)s 6(wers)k 8045(are)s 8412(able)s
8887(to)s 0 6927(inde)m 3(x)k 587(the)s 939(page)s
1450(by)s 1748(this)s 2148(label.)s 2779(\(The)s 3290(label)s
3813(is)s 4026(printed)s 4765(in)s 5011(the)s 220 fnt35
5363 6924(%%P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt82 6313 6927(comment)m 7266(preceding)s
8266(the)s 8618(page)s 0 6639(in)m 243(the)s 591(PostScript)s
1633(output)s 2305(\207le.\))s 2858(F)s 3(or)k 3247(e)s 3(xample,)k
220 fnt35 480 6138(@P)m 8(ageLabel iv)k 240 fnt82 0 5639(associates)m
1018(the)s 1379(label)s 220 fnt35 1910 5636(iv)m 240 fnt82
2140 5639(with)m 2634(the)s 2995(page.)s 3623(The)s 4064(label)s
4595(may)s 5074(be)s 5368(an)s 5664(arbitrary)s 6551(object;)s
7260(if)s 7489(its)s 7778(v)s 6(alue)k 8358(is)s
8581(not)s 8960(a)s 0 5351(simple)m 693(w)s 2(ord,)k
1290(it)s 1482(will)s 1908(be)s 2190(replaced)s 3057(by)s
220 fnt35 3351 5348(?)m 240 fnt82 3459 5351(.)m 220 fnt35
480 4974(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt82 1799 4977(is)m 2019(unrelated)s
2977(to)s 3226(Lout')s 13(s)k 3899(cross)s 4451(referencing)s
5602(mechanism;)s 6813(it)s 7016(is)s 7236(for)s 7585(communicating)s
0 4689(a)m 176(label)s 706(to)s 956(the)s 1315(PostScript)s
2368(output)s 3051(\207le,)s 3474(not)s 3851(to)s 4101(other)s
4662(parts)s 5188(of)s 5470(Lout.)s 6097(The)s 6536(result)s
7137(of)s 220 fnt35 7419 4686(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt82
8739 4689(is)m 8960(a)s 0 4401(null)m 427(object.)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 71 77
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
%%+ font Times-Italic
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
480 fnt84 0 12955(Chapter)m 1819(4.)s 2400(Examples)s 240 fnt82
0 12004(This)m 503(chapter)s 1294(presents)s 2156(some)s 2744(e)s 3(xamples)k
3723(tak)s 2(en)k 4324(from)s 4875(the)s 5251(v)s 6(arious)k
6028(packages)s 6983(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 7919(with)s
8429(Basser)s 0 11716(Lout.)m 661(The)s 1134(reader)s 1835(who)s
2346(masters)s 3171(these)s 3763(e)s 3(xamples)k 4759(will)s
5230(be)s 5557(well)s 6068(prepared)s 7007(to)s 7291(read)s
7805(the)s 8198(packages)s 0 11428(themselv)m 3(es.)k 1223(The)s
1650(e)s 3(xamples)k 2600(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
3100(not)s 3465(been)s 3973(simpli\207ed)s 4986(in)s 5229(an)s 3(y)k
5625(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 6113(since)s 6659(an)s
6941(important)s 7929(part)s 8359(of)s 8629(their)s 0 11140(purpose)m
814(is)s 1024(to)s 1263(sho)s 6(w)k 1817(Lout)s
2329(in)s 2572(actual)s 3197(practice.)s 240 fnt84 0 10347(4.1.)m
471(An)s 833(equation)s 1779(f)s 6(ormatting)k 2930(package)s
240 fnt82 480 9870(In)m 751(this)s 1162(section)s 1911(we)s
2261(describe)s 3128(the)s 3491(design)s 4189(and)s 4608(implementation)s
6180(of)s 6466(the)s 6829(Eq)s 7168(equation)s 8065(formatting)s
0 9582(package.)m 976(Equation)s 1925(formatting)s 3014(mak)s 2(es)k
3702(a)s 3896(natural)s 4642(\207rst)s 5101(e)s 3(xample,)k
6043(partly)s 6682(because)s 7523(its)s 7828(requirements)s 0 9294(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k
514(strongly)s 1366(in\210uenced)s 2435(the)s 2797(design)s 3493(of)s
3778(Lout,)s 4351(and)s 4769(partly)s 5394(because)s 6221(no)s
6528(cross)s 7084(references)s 8129(or)s 8402(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
0 9006(are)m 347(required.)s 480 8632(T)m 19(o)k 777(the)s
1122(author')s 13(s)k 1939(kno)s 6(wledge,)k 3088(Eq)s
3409(is)s 3615(the)s 3960(\207rst)s 4388(equation)s 5265(formatter)s
6209(to)s 6445(be)s 6723(implemented)s 8026(as)s 8273(a)s
8435(collec)s 8998(-)s 0 8344(tion)m 430(of)s 702(high-)s
1196(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 1707(de\207nitions.)s 2883(This)s
3360(approach)s 4295(has)s 4666(signi\207cant)s 5724(adv)s 6(antages:)k
6948(the)s 7297(basics)s 7933(of)s 8206(language)s 0 8056(and)m
426(layout)s 1106(are)s 1475(tri)s 6(vial,)k 2167(so)s
2456(the)s 2826(implementor)s 4129(can)s 4540(concentrate)s 5720(on)s
6039(\207ne-)s 6466(tuning;)s 7212(and)s 7638(the)s 8009(de\207nitions,)s
0 7768(being)m 585(readily)s 1302(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k
2261(can)s 2650(be)s 2932(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ed,)k
3950(e)s 3(xtended,)k 4918(or)s 5177(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
5677(replaced.)s 480 7394(As)m 808(described)s 1793(in)s 2048(the)s
2407(User')s 13(s)k 3079(Guide)s 3732([4)s 3925(],)s
4122(an)s 4416(equation)s 5309(is)s 5530(entered)s 6302(in)s
6557(a)s 6734(format)s 7441(based)s 8056(on)s 8364(the)s
8724(one)s 0 7106(introduced)m 1081(by)s 1375(the)s 1723(eqn)s
2126(language)s 3046(of)s 3317(K)s 6(ernighan)k 4378(and)s
4782(Cherry)s 5500([2)s 5693(]:)s 220 fnt35 480 6605(@Eq { { x sup 2  +  y sup 2 }  o)m 3(v)k 5(er  2 })k
240 fnt82 0 6107(The)m 428(result)s 1018(is)s 168 fnt78
586 5702(2)m 240 fnt83 480 5642(x)m 240 fnt78 738 5634(+)m
168 fnt78 1041 5702(2)m 240 fnt83 939 5642(y)m 641 0 0 0 240 288 12 480 5544 LoutGr2
0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.05 ft setlinewidth stroke
grestore

grestore
240 fnt78
743 5316(2)m 240 fnt82 0 4805(In)m 256(outline,)s 1027(the)s
1375(de\207nition)s 2349(of)s 2620(the)s 220 fnt35 2968 4802(@Eq)m
240 fnt82 3506 4805(symbol)m 4266(is)s 220 fnt35 480 4308(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t  sup  o)k 3(v)k 5(er "+"  "2"  "<=")k
480 4020(def @Eq)m 480 3732(   body @Body)m 480 3444({)m 480 3156(   def sup precedence 60 left x r)m -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k
480 2868(   def o)m 3(v)k 5(er precedence 54 left x r)k -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k
480 2580(   def "2" { Base @F)m 6(ont "2" })k 480 2292(   def "+" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "+" })k 480 2004(   def "<=" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "\\243" })k
480 1716(   ...)m 480 1140(   Slope @F)m 6(ont 1.2f @Break 0c @Space @Body)k 480 852(})m 192 fnt84
4442 0(71)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 72 78
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(72)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(A)m 259(body)s 822(parameter)s
1865(is)s 2104(used)s 2630(to)s 2898(restrict)s 3649(the)s
4026(visibility)s 4958(of)s 5258(the)s 5635(equation)s 6545(formatting)s
7635(symbols)s 8514(\(there)s 0 12917(are)m 366(hundreds)s 1315(of)s
1606(them\).)s 2347(The)s 2794(equation)s 3695(as)s 3965(a)s
4151(whole)s 4811(is)s 5041(set)s 5386(in)s 5649(Slope)s
6269(\(i.e.)s 6704(Italic\))s 7341(font,)s 7853(and)s 8277(symbols)s
0 12629(such)m 515(as)s 220 fnt35 784 12626("2")m 240 fnt82
1127 12629(and)m 220 fnt35 1550 12626("+")m 240 fnt82 1899 12629(are)m
2265(de\207ned)s 3048(when)s 3643(other)s 4213(fonts)s 4762(are)s
5128(needed.)s 5990(Precedences)s 7241(are)s 7608(used)s 8124(to)s
8383(resolv)s 3(e)k 0 12341(ambiguities)m 1170(such)s 1670(as)s
220 fnt35 1925 12338(a sup b o)m 3(v)k 5(er c)k 240 fnt82
3291 12341(.)m 3459(Eq)s 3788(tak)s 2(es)k 4332(all)s
4630(spacing)s 5418(decisions)s 6363(on)s 6665(itself,)s 7252(so)s
7523(to)s 7766(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 8539(white)s
0 12053(space)m 574(typed)s 1151(by)s 1432(the)s 1767(user)s
2212(from)s 2723(interfering,)s 3824(the)s 4158(equation)s 5026(is)s
5223(enclosed)s 6105(in)s 220 fnt35 6335 12050(0c @Space)m 240 fnt82
7465 12053(.)m 7616(W)s 19(e)k 7972(will)s 8384(discuss)s
0 11765(the)m 220 fnt35 348 11762(1.2f @Break)m 240 fnt82 1631 11765(later)m 13(.)k
480 11391(Thus)m 1015(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1521(we)s
1861(disposed)s 2762(of)s 3038(the)s 3391(language)s 4316(design)s
5003(part)s 5439(of)s 5715(the)s 6068(equation)s 6954(formatting)s
8020(problem;)s 8934(it)s 0 11103(remains)m 807(no)s 6(w)k
1268(to)s 1507(de\207ne)s 2148(the)s 2496(twenty)s 3201(or)s
3460(so)s 3726(symbols)s 4575(with)s 5057(parameters,)s 6211(and)s
6615(get)s 6967(the)s 7315(layout)s 7973(right.)s 480 10729(Ev)m 3(ery)k
1115(equation)s 2010(has)s 2393(an)s 240 fnt83 2690 10731(axis)m
240 fnt82 3070 10729(:)m 3250(an)s 3546(imaginary)s 4583(horizontal)s
5620(line)s 6048(through)s 6864(the)s 7225(centre)s 7878(of)s
8163(v)s 6(ariables,)k 0 10441(through)m 795(the)s 1136(bar)s
1494(of)s 1757(b)s 4(uilt-up)k 2556(fractions,)s 3491(and)s
3888(so)s 4146(on.)s 4543(W)s 19(e)k 4905(can)s
5287(satisfy)s 5956(this)s 6345(requirement)s 7552(by)s 7839(ensuring)s
8708(that)s 0 10153(the)m 362(result)s 966(of)s 1251(each)s
1761(symbol)s 2535(has)s 2919(a)s 3100(single)s 3741(ro)s 6(w)k
4175(mark,)s 4788(on)s 5099(the)s 5461(axis.)s 6025(F)s 3(or)k
6428(e)s 3(xample,)k 7356(the)s 7719(superscripting)s 0 9865(symbol)m
760(is)s 970(de\207ned)s 1733(as)s 1983(follo)s 6(ws:)k
220 fnt35 480 9366(def sup)m 480 9078(    precedence 60)m 480 8790(    associativity left)m 480 8502(    left x)m
480 8214(    named gap { @SupGap })m 480 7926(    r)m -3(ight y)k 480 7638({)m 480 7350(    @HContr)m 2(act @VContr)k 2(act {)k
480 7062(        |  @Smaller y)m 480 6774(        ^/gap  x)m 480 6486(    })m 480 6198(})m 240 fnt82
0 5704(The)m 220 fnt35 430 5701(@VContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt82
1684 5704(and)m 220 fnt35 2091 5701(^/)m 240 fnt82 2320 5704(symbols)m
3171(together)s 4017(ensure)s 4699(that)s 5119(the)s 5470(axis)s
5908(of)s 6181(the)s 6532(result)s 7124(is)s 7336(the)s
7687(axis)s 8125(of)s 8398(the)s 8749(left)s 0 5416(parameter)m 13(.)k
1119(A)s 220 fnt35 1363 5413(gap)m 240 fnt82 1795 5416(parameter)m
2823(has)s 3207(been)s 3730(pro)s 3(vided)k 4650(for)s
5002(v)s 6(arying)k 5794(the)s 6156(height)s 6828(of)s
7113(the)s 7475(superscript,)s 8644(with)s 0 5128(def)m 2(ault)k
709(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt35 1265 5125(@SupGap)m 240 fnt82
2393 5128(de\207ned)m 3144(else)s 6(where)k 4137(as)s 220 fnt35
4375 5125(0.40fk)m 240 fnt82 4973 5128(.)m 5124(It)s 5317(is)s
5515(important)s 6492(that)s 6898(such)s 7382(g)s 1(aps)k
7859(be)s 8128(e)s 3(xpressed)k 0 4840(in)m 232(units)s
736(that)s 1142(v)s 6(ary)k 1603(with)s 2073(the)s
2410(font)s 2843(size,)s 3309(so)s 3563(that)s 3969(the)s 3(y)k
4420(remain)s 5129(correct)s 5839(when)s 6403(the)s 6739(size)s
7154(changes.)s 8077(Collecting)s 0 4552(the)m 351(def)s 2(ault)k
1076(v)s 6(alues)k 1735(into)s 2164(symbols)s 3016(lik)s 2(e)k
220 fnt35 3432 4549(@SupGap)m 240 fnt82 4515 4552(ensures)m 5287(consistenc)s 3(y)k
6457(and)s 6865(assists)s 7529(when)s 8109(tuning)s 8778(the)s
0 4264(v)m 6(alues.)k 769(Here)s 1289(is)s 1499(another)s
2276(characteristic)s 3600(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt35 480 3814(def o)m 3(v)k 5(er)k
480 3526(    precedence 54)m 480 3238(    associativity left)m 480 2950(    left x)m 480 2662(    named gap { 0.2f })m 480 2374(    r)m -3(ight y)k
480 2086({)m 480 1798(    @HContr)m 2(act @VContr)k 2(act {)k 480 1510(        |0.5r)m -8(t  @OneCol x)k
480 1222(        ^//gap  @HLine)m 480 934(        //gap  |0.5r)m -8(t @OneCol y)k 480 646(    })m 480 358(})m

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 73 79
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Symbol
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.1.)m 454(An)s 774(equation)s 1666(formatting)s
2730(pac)s 4(ka)k 2(g)k 2(e)k 240 fnt84
8833 13840(73)m 240 fnt82 0 13205(Both)m 518(parameters)s 1611(are)s
1953(centred,)s 2758(since)s 3299(we)s 3629(do)s 3917(not)s
4278(kno)s 6(w)k 4853(which)s 5490(will)s 5911(be)s
6188(the)s 6530(wider;)s 7181(we)s 7511(use)s 220 fnt35
7881 13202(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 8887 13205(to)m 0 12917(mak)m 2(e)k
570(sure)s 1021(that)s 1437(the)s 1782(entire)s 2379(parameter)s
3390(is)s 3598(centred,)s 4405(not)s 4769(just)s 5171(its)s
5445(\207rst)s 5873(column,)s 6696(and)s 220 fnt35 7097 12914(@HContr)m 2(act)k
240 fnt82 8358 12917(ensures)m 0 12629(that)m 428(the)s 787(fraction)s
1597(will)s 2034(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2627(e)s 3(xpand)k
3385(to)s 3635(\207ll)s 3966(all)s 4269(the)s 4628(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
5547(space,)s 6196(as)s 6457(Lout)s 6980(objects)s 7719(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
8231(a)s 8408(natural)s 0 12341(tendenc)m 3(y)k 915(to)s
1154(do)s 1447(\(Section)s 2300(2.6\).)s 220 fnt35 2843 12338(@HLine)m
240 fnt82 3690 12341(is)m 3900(a)s 4066(horizontal)s 5090(line)s
5504(of)s 5775(the)s 6123(width)s 6725(of)s 6996(the)s
7344(column:)s 220 fnt35 480 11840(def @HLine)m 480 11552(    named line { "0.05 ft setline)m 4(width" })k
480 11264({  )m 480 10976(    { "0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto" line "strok)k 4(e" } @Gr)k 2(aphic {})k
480 10688(})m 240 fnt82 0 10194(Here)m 520(we)s 855(are)s
1202(relying)s 1932(on)s 2229(the)s 2577(e)s 3(xpanding)k
3625(tendenc)s 3(y)k 4540(just)s 4945(mentioned.)s 480 9820(The)m
906(remaining)s 1925(symbols)s 2772(are)s 3116(quite)s 3647(similar)s
4367(to)s 4603(these)s 5148(ones.)s 5748(W)s 19(e)k
6114(conclude)s 7032(with)s 7511(a)s 7675(fe)s 6(w)k
8078(\207ne)s 8490(points)s 0 9532(of)m 271(mathematical)s 1612(typesetting)s
2714(mentioned)s 3782(by)s 4076(a)s 4242(leading)s 4999(authority)s 15(,)k
5954(D.)s 6231(E.)s 6481(Knuth)s 7137([5)s 7322(].)s
480 9158(Some)m 1090(symbols,)s 2004(such)s 2509(as)s 240 fnt78
2768 9152(\243)m 240 fnt82 2963 9158(and)m 240 fnt78 3376 9152(\271)m
240 fnt82 3505 9158(,)m 3621(should)s 4327(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
4837(a)s 5012(thick)s 5560(space)s 6156(on)s 6462(each)s
6966(side;)s 7472(others,)s 8172(such)s 8677(as)s 240 fnt78
8937 9152(+)m 240 fnt82 0 8870(and)m 240 fnt78 397 8864(-)m
240 fnt82 525 8870(,)m 625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
1119(a)s 1278(medium)s 2115(space;)s 2751(others)s 3379(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
3873(a)s 4032(thin)s 4454(space)s 5034(on)s 5324(the)s
5665(right)s 6169(only)s 15(.)k 6737(This)s 7206(w)s 2(ould)k
7854(be)s 8129(easy)s 8601(to)s 8833(do)s 0 8582(e)m 3(xcept)k
681(that)s 1099(these)s 1646(spaces)s 2321(are)s 2668(not)s
3034(w)s 2(anted)k 3781(in)s 4024(superscripts)s 5216(and)s
5620(subscripts:)s 168 fnt83 578 8135(n)m 168 fnt78 680 8129(+)m
793(1)s 240 fnt83 480 8037(r)m 240 fnt78 931 8029(-)m
1131(1)s 240 fnt82 0 7578(In)m 271(ef)s 6(fect,)k
929(the)s 1292(de\207nition)s 2281(of)s 2568(such)s 3079(symbols)s
3943(changes)s 4780(depending)s 5846(on)s 6159(the)s 6522(conte)s 3(xt;)k
7350(b)s 4(ut)k 7727(Lout)s 8254(does)s 8760(not)s
0 7290(permit)m 682(such)s 1176(a)s 1340(change.)s 2180(Luckily)s 15(,)k
3015(the)s 3361(so-called)s 4279(`style')s 4919(information)s 6102(set)s
6426(by)s 6718(the)s 220 fnt35 7064 7287(@F)m 6(ont)k
240 fnt82 7716 7290(,)m 220 fnt35 7821 7287(@Break)m 240 fnt82
8617 7290(,)m 8722(and)s 220 fnt35 0 6999(@Space)m 240 fnt82
891 7002(symbols)m 1734(can)s 2116(change)s 2844(in)s 3080(this)s
3470(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 4009(Accordingly)s 15(,)k
5291(Eq)s 5608(uses)s 6065(the)s 220 fnt35 6406 6999(y)m
240 fnt82 6568 7002(unit,)m 7040(which)s 7676(is)s 7879(part)s
8304(of)s 8568(style,)s 0 6714(for)m 338(these)s 885(spaces:)s
220 fnt35 480 6213(def @MedGap { 0.20y })m 480 5637(def "+" { &@MedGap plus &@MedGap })m 480 5061(def @HSqueez)m 3(e r)k -3(ight x { 0.2f @YUnit x })k
240 fnt82 0 4562(In)m 261(the)s 615(equation)s 1502(as)s
1758(a)s 1929(whole,)s 2627(the)s 2981(y)s 3161(unit)s
3599(is)s 3814(initially)s 4616(set)s 4947(to)s 220 fnt35
5192 4559(1f)m 240 fnt82 5372 4562(,)m 5484(and)s 5894(so)s
220 fnt35 6166 4559(@MedGap)m 240 fnt82 7289 4562(ordinarily)m 8291(supplies)s
0 4274(20%)m 495(of)s 777(this)s 1184(amount.)s 2077(But)s
2494(superscripts)s 3697(and)s 4112(subscripts)s 5130(are)s 5488(enclosed)s
6394(in)s 6648(the)s 220 fnt35 7007 4271(@HSqueez)m 3(e)k
240 fnt82 8314 4274(symbol,)m 0 3986(which,)m 744(by)s 1091(changing)s
2075(the)s 2476(y)s 2703(unit,)s 3235(ensures)s 4056(that)s
4527(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt35 4977 3983(@MedGap)m 240 fnt82
6147 3986(within)m 6868(them)s 7459(is)s 7722(much)s 8364(smaller)s
0 3698(than)m 469(usual.)s 240 fnt84 0 2955(4.2.)m 471(P)s 2(aragraphs,)k
1780(displays,)s 2718(and)s 3159(lists)s 240 fnt82 480 2478(The)m
914(remaining)s 1942(sections)s 2770(of)s 3047(this)s 3449(chapter)s
4219(are)s 4572(all)s 4871(based)s 5481(on)s 5784(V)s 26(ersion)k
6578(2)s 6759(of)s 7036(the)s 7391(DocumentLayout)s 0 2190(package.)m
941(V)s 26(ersion)k 1722(3,)s 1942(which)s 2577(is)s
2779(similar)s 3494(b)s 4(ut)k 3849(more)s 4389(elaborate,)s
5364(is)s 5566(described)s 6533(from)s 7050(the)s 7391(user')s 13(s)k
7991(perspecti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 1902(in)m 249(the)s
604(User')s 13(s)k 1272(Guide)s 1920([4)s 2113(].)s
2363(In)s 2625(26)s 2925(pages)s 3528(of)s 3806(Lout,)s
4372(the)s 4726(DocumentLaytout)s 6534(package)s 7381(de\207nes)s 8117(man)s 3(y)k
8707(fea)s 8998(-)s 0 1614(tures)m 506(required)s 1350(in)s
1583(the)s 1921(formatting)s 2972(of)s 3233(simple)s 3916(documents,)s
5050(technical)s 5957(reports,)s 6717(and)s 7111(books,)s 7781(including)s
8728(dis)s 8998(-)s 0 1326(plays,)m 603(lists,)s 1085(page)s
1584(layout,)s 2280(cross)s 2813(references,)s 3891(tables)s 4490(of)s
4752(contents,)s 5647(footnotes,)s 6635(\207gures,)s 7384(tables,)s 8039(references,)s
0 1038(chapters,)m 903(sections,)s 1780(and)s 2184(sorted)s 2826(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es.)k
480 664(The)m 939(symbols)s 1819(used)s 2347(for)s 2716(separating)s
3782(paragraphs)s 4913(and)s 5348(producing)s 6403(displays)s 7269(and)s
7704(lists)s 8170(may)s 8667(lack)s 0 376(the)m 351(e)s 3(xcitement)k
1459(of)s 1733(more)s 2284(e)s 3(xotic)k 2921(features,)s
3786(b)s 4(ut)k 4152(the)s 3(y)k 4618(can)s
5010(teach)s 5574(some)s 6139(important)s 7131(lessons)s 7876(about)s
8472(rob)s 4(ust)k 0 88(design.)m 786(The)s 1211(follo)s 6(wing)k
2185(macro)s 2832(for)s 3167(separating)s 4199(paragraphs)s 5296(produces)s
6207(a)s 6370(0.3)s 6711(cm)s 7060(v)s 3(ertical)k
7824(space)s 8408(and)s 8809(a)s 8971(1)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 74 80
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(74)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(cm)m 352(indent)s 1010(on)s
1307(the)s 1655(follo)s 6(wing)k 2632(line,)s 3097(and)s
3501(is)s 3711(clearly)s 4414(on)s 4711(the)s 5059(right)s
5570(track:)s 220 fnt35 480 12704(macro  @PP  { //0.3c &1c })m 240 fnt82 0 12210(Ne)m 6(v)k 3(ertheless)k
1276(it)s 1468(has)s 1838(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k
2560(major)s 3177(problems.)s 480 11836(The)m 220 fnt35 926 11833(&)m
240 fnt82 1147 11836(symbol)m 1926(is)s 2154(subject)s 2910(to)s
3168(widening)s 4130(during)s 4827(line)s 5260(adjustment,)s 6434(so)s
6719(it)s 6930(should)s 7645(be)s 7946(replaced)s 8832(by)s
220 fnt35 0 11545(1c @Wide {})m 240 fnt82 1213 11548(.)m 1387(But)s
1804(then)s 2284(white)s 2882(space)s 3480(follo)s 6(wing)k
4468(the)s 4827(symbol)s 5597(will)s 6034(af)s 6(fect)k
6641(the)s 7000(result,)s 7648(so)s 7925(an)s 8219(e)s 3(xtra)k
220 fnt35 8764 11545(&0i)m 240 fnt82 0 11260(must)m 528(be)s
814(added.)s 1553(If)s 1787(the)s 2138(document)s 3146(is)s
3359(printed)s 4098(double)s 4810(spaced,)s 5571(this)s 5971(paragraph)s
6987(g)s 1(ap)k 7389(will)s 7818(f)s 2(ail)k
8192(to)s 8435(widen:)s 0 10972(it)m 204(should)s 914(be)s
1208(e)s 3(xpressed)k 2219(in)s 2475(terms)s 3068(of)s
3352(the)s 220 fnt35 3712 10969(v)m 240 fnt82 3894 10972(unit,)m
4386(with)s 4880(mark-to-mark)s 6280(spacing)s 7076(mode.)s 7785(Similarly)s 15(,)k
8778(the)s 0 10684(paragraph)m 1013(indent)s 1671(should)s 2368(probably)s
3273(be)s 3555(made)s 4129(proportional)s 5366(to)s 5605(the)s
5953(font)s 6398(size.)s 480 10310(`Magic)m 1211(numbers')s 2135(lik)s 2(e)k
220 fnt35 2535 10307(0.3c)m 240 fnt82 2993 10310(should)m 3678(not)s
4032(be)s 4302(b)s 4(uried)k 4955(in)s 5186(de\207nitions)s
6235(where)s 6863(the)s 3(y)k 7314(cannot)s 8000(be)s
8270(changed)s 0 10022(easily)m 15(,)k 649(or)s 908(k)s 2(ept)k
1378(consistent)s 2394(with)s 2876(similar)s 3598(de\207nitions)s 4659(during)s
5337(tuning.)s 6113(The)s 3(y)k 6656(are)s 7003(much)s
7592(better)s 8195(placed)s 8876(as)s 0 9734(symbols,)m 905(possibly)s
1757(parameters)s 2855(of)s 3126(the)s 3474(enclosing)s 4444(package:)s
220 fnt35 480 9233(def @DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k 480 8945(    named @P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap { 1.3vx })k
480 8657(    named @P)m 8(ar)k 2(aIndent { 2f })k 480 8369(    ...)m 480 8081(@Begin)m
480 7505(    macro @PP { //@P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap @P)k 8(ar)k 2(aIndent @Wide &0i })k
480 7217(    macro @LP { //@P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap })k 480 6929(    ...)m 480 6641(@End @DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k
240 fnt82 0 6143(and)m 404(we)s 739(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
1240(arri)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 1965(at)s 2197(the)s
2545(de\207nition)s 3519(of)s 220 fnt35 3790 6140(@PP)m 240 fnt82
4356 6143(as)m 4606(it)s 4798(appears)s 5579(in)s 5822(the)s
6170(DocumentLayout)s 7905(package.)s 480 5769(A)m 710(display)s 1455(is)s
1665(a)s 1831(table)s 2351(in)s 2594(which)s 3236(the)s
3584(\207rst)s 4015(column)s 4790(is)s 5000(blank:)s 240 fnt83
480 5266(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt35
480 4973(//@DispGap |@DispIndent)m 240 fnt83 3183 4978(display)m 220 fnt35 480 4685(//@DispGap)m
240 fnt83 480 4402(following)m 1438(te)s 4(xt)k 240 fnt82
0 3901(Edge-to-edge)m 1345(is)s 1557(the)s 1906(appropriate)s 3052(spacing)s
3838(mode)s 4427(before)s 5095(and)s 5500(after)s 5998(displays,)s
6891(since)s 7439(the)s 7789(display)s 8536(could)s 0 3613(be)m
273(a)s 430(table)s 941(or)s 1191(\207gure)s 1796(whose)s
2455(mark)s 2998(does)s 3479(not)s 3836(correspond)s 4948(to)s
5178(a)s 5335(baseline.)s 6273(Thus,)s 220 fnt35 6850 3610(1v)m
240 fnt82 7132 3613(is)m 7333(a)s 7490(reasonable)s 8558(v)s 6(alue)k
0 3325(for)m 220 fnt35 338 3322(@DispGap)m 240 fnt82 1406 3325(.)m
480 2951(The)m 957(ordinary)s 1871(user)s 2379(cannot)s 3126(be)s
3458(e)s 3(xpected)k 4413(to)s 4702(type)s 5219(the)s
5617(Lout)s 6179(source)s 6908(sho)s 6(wn)k 7635(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e;)k
8363(a)s 8579(more)s 0 2663(appropriate)m 1144(syntax)s 1824(is)s
240 fnt83 480 2160(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k
220 fnt35 480 1867(@IndentedDispla)m 6(y {)k 240 fnt83 2514 1872(display)m
220 fnt35 3321 1867(})m 240 fnt83 480 1584(following)m 1438(te)s 4(xt)k
240 fnt82 0 1083(This)m 491(presents)s 1340(a)s 1521(problem:)s
2499(if)s 220 fnt35 2731 1080(@IndentedDispla)m 6(y)k 240 fnt82
4593 1083(is)m 4819(made)s 5408(a)s 5589(de\207nition)s 6578(with)s
7075(a)s 7256(right)s 7782(parameter)s 9(,)k 8850(its)s
0 795(result)m 598(will)s 1032(be)s 1322(an)s 1613(object)s
2265(separated)s 3233(from)s 3765(the)s 4121(surrounding)s 5339(te)s 3(xt)k
5762(only)s 6250(by)s 6552(white)s 7147(space,)s 7793(hence)s
8415(part)s 8855(of)s 0 507(the)m 343(paragraph;)s 1405(while)s
1986(if)s 2197(it)s 2383(is)s 2587(a)s 2747(macro,)s
3445(the)s 3787(\207nal)s 220 fnt35 4261 504(//@DispGap)m 240 fnt82
5505 507(cannot)m 6197(be)s 6473(included)s 7349(in)s 7586(it.)s
7876(The)s 8298(solution)s 0 219(adopted)m 816(in)s 1059(the)s
1407(DocumentLayout)s 3142(package)s 3982(uses)s 4445(a)s 4611(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
5245(and)s 5649(a)s 5815(macro:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 75 81
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.2.)m 454(P)s 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs,)k
1665(displays,)s 2542(and)s 2968(lists)s 240 fnt84 8833 13840(75)m
220 fnt35 480 13207(    def @DispPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 12919(    def @Disp into { @DispPlace&&preceding })m 480 12631(        r)m -3(ight x)k
480 12343(    {)m 480 12055(        @OneRo)m 3(w x)k 480 11767(    })m 480 11191(    macro @IndentedDispla)m 6(y)k
480 10903(    {)m 480 10615(        //@DispGap  |@DispIndent  @DispPlace  |)m 480 10327(        //@DispGap  //  @Disp)m 480 10039(    })m 0 9542(@DispPlace)m
240 fnt82 1257 9545(and)m 220 fnt35 1657 9542(@Disp)m 240 fnt82
2366 9545(are)m 2709(not)s 3070(e)s 3(xported,)k 4007(so)s
4269(there)s 4798(is)s 5003(no)s 5292(danger)s 5999(of)s
6266(a)s 6427(name)s 6997(clash)s 7541(with)s 8019(some)s
8575(other)s 0 9257(symbol.)m 869(The)s 1297(ordinary)s 2161(user')s 13(s)k
2769(syntax)s 3449(e)s 3(xpands)k 4282(to)s 240 fnt83
480 8754(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt35
480 8461(//@DispGap  |@DispIndent  @DispPlace  |)m 480 8173(//@DispGap  //  @Disp {)m 240 fnt83 2890 8178(display)m 220 fnt35
3637 8173(})m 240 fnt83 480 7890(following)m 1438(te)s 4(xt)k
240 fnt82 0 7389(and)m 397(the)s 220 fnt35 737 7386(@Disp)m
240 fnt82 1442 7389(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2068(appears)s
2842(at)s 3066(the)s 3406(preceding)s 220 fnt35 4394 7386(@DispPlace)m
240 fnt82 5595 7389(,)m 5694(being)s 6272(itself)s 6812(replaced)s
7671(by)s 220 fnt35 7957 7386(@Null)m 240 fnt82 8542 7389(.)m
8698(The)s 220 fnt35 0 7098(//)m 240 fnt82 184 7101(symbol)m
942(protects)s 1748(the)s 2094(preceding)s 220 fnt35 3088 7098(//@DispGap)m
240 fnt82 4337 7101(from)m 4859(being)s 5443(deleted)s 6189(by)s
6481(this)s 220 fnt35 6876 7098(@Null)m 240 fnt82 7519 7101(when)m
8094(there)s 8625(is)s 8833(no)s 0 6813(follo)m 6(wing)k
977(te)s 3(xt.)k 480 6439(An)m 858(automatically)s 2240(numbered)s
3283(list)s 3662(could)s 4280(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
4809(an)s 5121(arbitrarily)s 6156(lar)s 4(ge)k 6713(number)s
7532(of)s 7831(items,)s 8483(so,)s 8832(by)s 0 6151(analogy)m
812(with)s 1294(sequences)s 2315(of)s 2586(pages,)s 3238(we)s
3573(see)s 3934(immmediately)s 5368(that)s 5786(recursion)s 6732(must)s
7257(be)s 7539(in)s 9(v)k 4(olv)k 3(ed:)k
220 fnt35 480 5650(def @List r)m -3(ight n)k 2(um)k 480 5362({)m
480 5074(    @DispIndent @Wide n)m 2(um.)k 13(  |  @ItemPlace)k 480 4786(    //@DispGap @List @Ne)m 6(xt n)k 2(um)k
480 4498(})m 240 fnt82 0 4004(Notice)m 689(ho)s 6(w)k
1146(the)s 220 fnt35 1490 4001(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt82
2210 4004(symbol)m 2965(w)s 2(orks)k 3595(in)s 3834(conjunction)s
5017(with)s 5495(the)s 5838(recursion)s 6780(to)s 7015(produce)s
7838(an)s 8116(ascending)s 0 3716(sequence)m 933(of)s 1204(numbers;)s
2140(the)s 2488(result)s 3078(of)s 220 fnt35 3349 3713(@List 1)m
240 fnt82 4113 3716(will)m 4539(be)s 220 fnt35 480 3215(1.)m 13(   @ItemPlace)k
480 2927(2.)m 13(   @ItemPlace)k 480 2639(3.)m 13(   @ItemPlace)k 480 2351(...)m
240 fnt82 0 1900(W)m 19(e)k 362(can)s 744(follo)s 6(w)k
1408(this)s 1797(with)s 2271(items)s 2832(which)s 3466(are)s
3806(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 4522(tar)s 4(geted)k
5338(to)s 220 fnt35 5569 1897(@ItemPlace&&preceding)m 240 fnt82 8010 1900(,)m
8110(and)s 220 fnt35 8506 1897(@List)m 240 fnt82 0 1612(will)m
426(e)s 3(xpand)k 1173(just)s 1578(enough)s 2341(to)s
2580(accommodate)s 3964(them.)s 480 1238(The)m 908(usual)s 1468(problem)s
2325(with)s 2807(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e-)k 3741(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
4663(symbols)s 5513(no)s 6(w)k 5974(arises:)s 6683(there)s
7216(is)s 7426(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 8137(one)s
8540(une)s 3(x)k 8998(-)s 0 950(panded)m 220 fnt35
753 947(@List)m 240 fnt82 1313 950(,)m 1424(and)s 1832(until)s
2329(it)s 2525(can)s 2917(be)s 3203(remo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k
4096(the)s 4448(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5086(containing)s
6152(it)s 6348(will)s 6778(appear)s 7479(to)s 7722(be)s
8008(incomplete)s 0 662(and)m 394(will)s 810(be)s 1081(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ented)k
2063(at)s 2285(that)s 2692(point)s 3234(from)s 3747(\210ushing)s
4562(into)s 4977(its)s 5242(parent)s 5889(\(see)s 6318(page)s
6816(29\).)s 7289(W)s 19(e)k 7647(adopt)s 8229(the)s
8566(usual)s 0 374(solution:)m 937(a)s 1104(forcing)s 1847(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
2482(into)s 2908(a)s 3074(later)s 3558(tar)s 4(get)k
4158(will)s 4584(replace)s 5330(the)s 5679(last)s 220 fnt35
6070 371(@List)m 240 fnt82 6691 374(by)m 220 fnt35 6986 371(@Null)m
240 fnt82 7571 374(.)m 7735(This)s 8212(brings)s 8862(us)s
0 86(to)m 239(the)s 587(de\207nitions)s 1648(as)s 1898(the)s 3(y)k
2361(appear)s 3058(in)s 3301(DocumentLayout:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 76 82
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(76)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 220 fnt35 480 13207(def @ItemPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 12919(def @ListItem into { @ItemPlace&&preceding })m
480 12631(    r)m -3(ight x)k 480 12343({ x })m 480 11851(def @EndListPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k
480 11563(def @EndList f)m 6(orce into { @EndListPlace&&preceding })k 480 11275({})m 480 10783(def @Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k
480 10495(   named style r)m -3(ight tag {})k 480 10207(   named indent { @DispIndent })m 480 9919(   named gap { @DispGap })m 480 9631(   named star)m -8(t { 1 })k
480 9343({)m 480 9055(    def @IList r)m -3(ight n)k 2(um)k 480 8767(    {)m
480 8479(        indent @Wide {style n)m 2(um} | @ItemPlace)k 480 8191(        //gap @IList @Ne)m 6(xt n)k 2(um)k
480 7903(    })m 480 7327(    @IList star)m -8(t  //  @EndListPlace)k 480 7039(})m 240 fnt82
0 6545(No)m 6(w)k 514(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
1094(the)s 1442(input)s 220 fnt35 480 6044(@Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k
480 5756(@ListItem { \207rst item })m 480 5468(@ListItem { second item })m 480 5180(...)m 480 4892(@ListItem { last item })m 480 4604(@EndList)m
0 4146(@Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k 240 fnt82 1908 4149(will)m 2334(e)s 3(xpand)k
3081(to)s 3320(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4056(the)s
4404(items,)s 5028(and)s 5432(will)s 5858(be)s 6140(closed)s
6809(of)s 6(f)k 7153(by)s 220 fnt35 7447 4146(@EndList)m
240 fnt82 8397 4149(.)m 480 3775(The)m 220 fnt35 913 3772(indent)m
240 fnt82 1506 3775(,)m 220 fnt35 1619 3772(gap)m 240 fnt82
1977 3775(,)m 2089(and)s 220 fnt35 2499 3772(star)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 2996 3775(parameters)m 4099(are)s 4452(straightforw)s 2(ard)k
5986(\(note)s 6538(that)s 6962(the)s 7316(b)s 4(urden)k
8039(of)s 8316(typing)s 220 fnt35 8987 3772(1)m 240 fnt82
0 3487(has)m 378(been)s 895(lifted)s 1464(from)s 1996(the)s
2352(ordinary)s 3224(user\),)s 3816(b)s 4(ut)k 4186(the)s
220 fnt35 4543 3484(style)m 240 fnt82 5054 3487(parameter)m 6076(has)s
6454(a)s 6628(parameter)s 7650(of)s 7929(its)s 8213(o)s 6(wn)k
8686(\(see)s 0 3199(page)m 508(16\).)s 991(It)s 1196(is)s
1406(used)s 1903(lik)s 2(e)k 2315(this:)s 220 fnt35
480 2698(def @Ra)m 4(wNumberedList { @Ra)k 4(wIndentedList style { tag.)k 13( } })k 480 2410(def @Ra)m 4(wP)k 8(arenNumberedList { @Ra)k 4(wIndentedList style { \(tag\) } })k
240 fnt82 0 1911(In)m 220 fnt35 276 1908(@Ra)m 4(wNumberedList)k
240 fnt82 2294 1911(,)m 220 fnt35 2422 1908(style)m 240 fnt82
2946 1911(is)m 3176(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3777(the)s
4146(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt35 4734 1908(tag.)m 240 fnt82
5081 1911(,)m 5209(where)s 220 fnt35 5870 1908(tag)m 240 fnt82
6243 1911(is)m 6474(its)s 6771(o)s 6(wn)k 7255(right)s
7787(parameter)s 9(,)k 8860(so)s 0 1623(the)m 348(v)s 6(alue)k
916(of)s 220 fnt35 1187 1620({style n)m 2(um})k 240 fnt82
2321 1623(within)m 220 fnt35 2989 1620(@IList)m 240 fnt82 3670 1623(is)m
220 fnt35 3880 1620(n)m 2(um.)k 240 fnt82 4347 1623(;)m
4459(while)s 5046(in)s 220 fnt35 5289 1620(@Ra)m 4(wP)k 8(arenNumberedList)k
240 fnt82 7884 1623(,)m 220 fnt35 7992 1620({style n)m 2(um})k
240 fnt82 0 1335(is)m 220 fnt35 219 1332(\(n)m 2(um\))k
240 fnt82 776 1335(.)m 949(In)s 1215(this)s 1620(w)s 2(ay)k
2080(we)s 2425(achie)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3211(an)s
3503(unlimited)s 4487(v)s 6(ariety)k 5207(of)s 5487(numbering)s
6587(formats)s 7376(without)s 8176(ha)s 4(ving)k 8887(to)s
0 1047(re)m 6(write)k 220 fnt35 725 1044(@Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k
240 fnt82 2633 1047(o)m 3(v)k 3(er)k 3112(and)s
3516(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 13(.)k 480 673(These)m
1113(list)s 1470(symbols)s 2325(are)s 2678(objects)s 3412(without)s
4209(surrounding)s 5425(space,)s 6069(so)s 6341(macros)s 7088(similar)s
7816(to)s 8061(those)s 8629(used)s 0 385(for)m 338(displays)s
1173(are)s 1520(needed:)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 77 83
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.2.)m 454(P)s 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs,)k
1665(displays,)s 2542(and)s 2968(lists)s 240 fnt84 8831 13840(77)m
220 fnt35 480 13207(macro @NumberedList { //@DispGap @Ra)m 4(wNumberedList //@DispGap })k 480 12919(macro @P)m 8(arenNumberedList { //@DispGap @Ra)k 4(wP)k 8(arenNumberedList //@DispGap })k
240 fnt82 0 12423(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 480 12049(Lists)m
994(numbered)s 2007(by)s 2300(Roman)s 3047(numerals)s 3973(present)s
4721(a)s 4886(problem,)s 5788(because)s 220 fnt35 6600 12046(@Ne)m 6(xt)k
240 fnt82 7322 12049(will)m 7747(not)s 8111(increment)s 0 11761(Roman)m
749(numerals.)s 1789(Instead,)s 2586(the)s 3(y)k 3049(must)s
3574(be)s 3856(stored)s 4498(in)s 4741(a)s 4907(database:)s
220 fnt35 480 11260(def @Roman)m 480 10972(    left @T)m 26(ag)k 480 10684(    r)m -3(ight @V)k 15(al)k
480 10396({ @V)m 15(al })k 480 9820(@SysDatabase @Roman { standard })m 0 9319(@SysDatabase)m 240 fnt82
1602 9322(is)m 1835(preferred)s 2790(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k
220 fnt35 3292 9319(@Database)m 240 fnt82 4529 9322(here)m 5019(because)s
5855(this)s 6274(database)s 7176(should)s 7896(be)s 8201(k)s 2(ept)k
8694(in)s 8960(a)s 0 9034(standard)m 880(place)s 1452(and)s
1868(shared)s 2562(by)s 2868(e)s 6(v)k 3(eryone.)k
3912(The)s 4352(database)s 5243(itself,)s 5838(a)s 6016(\207le)s
6389(called)s 220 fnt35 7029 9031(standard.ld)m 240 fnt82 8174 9034(in)m
8429(Basser)s 0 8746(Lout,)m 559(contains)s 1407(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k
2548(of)s 220 fnt35 2819 8743(@Roman)m 240 fnt82 3735 8746(,)m
3842(each)s 4337(enclosed)s 5232(in)s 5475(braces:)s 220 fnt35
480 8264({ 1 @Roman i })m 480 7976({ 2 @Roman ii })m 480 7688(...)m 480 7400({ 100 @Roman c })m 240 fnt82
0 6906(Then)m 220 fnt35 549 6903(@Roman&&12)m 240 fnt82 2065 6906(for)m
2403(e)s 3(xample)k 3266(has)s 3636(v)s 6(alue)k
4204(xii,)s 4563(and)s 220 fnt35 480 6405(def @Ra)m 4(wRomanList { @Ra)k 4(wIndentedList style { {@Roman&&tag}.)k 13( } })k
240 fnt82 0 5906(produces)m 922(a)s 1096(list)s 1454(numbered)s
2477(by)s 2779(Roman)s 3535(numerals.)s 4583(The)s 5019(counting)s
5917(still)s 6337(proceeds)s 7246(in)s 7496(Arabic,)s 8261(b)s 4(ut)k
8631(each)s 0 5618(Arabic)m 719(numeral)s 1573(is)s 1799(con)s 9(v)k 3(erted)k
2804(to)s 3059(Roman)s 3824(by)s 4134(the)s 4498(cross)s
5056(reference.)s 6123(Since)s 6726(arbitrary)s 7617(objects)s 8361(may)s
8844(be)s 0 5330(stored)m 642(in)s 885(databases,)s 1908(arbitrary)s
2783(\207nite)s 3330(sequences)s 4351(of)s 4622(objects)s 5350(may)s
5816(be)s 6098(`counted')s 7047(in)s 7290(this)s 7686(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k
240 fnt84 0 4538(4.3.)m 471(P)s 2(age)k 1017(lay)s 6(out)k
240 fnt82 480 4061(The)m 921(page)s 1443(layout)s 2115(de\207nitions)s
3190(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3783(in)s 4040(Section)s
4828(1.2,)s 5249(although)s 6158(correct,)s 6940(are)s 7301(v)s 3(ery)k
7791(basic.)s 8460(In)s 8730(this)s 0 3773(section)m 726(we)s
1053(present)s 1795(the)s 2135(de\207nitions)s 3187(used)s 3676(by)s
3962(the)s 4302(DocumentLayout)s 6029(package)s 6860(for)s 7190(laying)s
7833(out)s 8191(the)s 8530(pages)s 0 3485(of)m 271(books,)s
950(including)s 1906(running)s 2704(page)s 3211(headers)s 3991(and)s
4394(footers,)s 5164(dif)s 6(ferent)k 6038(formats)s 6817(for)s
7155(odd)s 7572(and)s 7975(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
8474(pages,)s 0 3197(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 1074(The)s
1502(present)s 2252(document)s 3256(is)s 3466(produced)s 4415(with)s
4897(these)s 5444(de\207nitions.)s 480 2823(W)m 19(e)k 846(be)s 3(gin)k
1429(with)s 1908(a)s 2071(fe)s 6(w)k 2474(de\207nitions)s
3531(which)s 4170(permit)s 4850(the)s 5195(user)s 5650(to)s
5885(create)s 6507(cross)s 7046(references)s 8074(of)s 8342(the)s
8686(`see)s 0 2535(page)m 509(27')s 863(v)s 6(ariety)k
1576(which)s 2220(will)s 2647(be)s 2931(k)s 2(ept)k
3403(up)s 3698(to)s 3938(date)s 4394(automatically)s 15(.)k
5845(The)s 6275(user)s 6734(marks)s 7371(the)s 7721(tar)s 4(get)k
8322(page)s 8832(by)s 0 2247(placing)m 220 fnt35 756 2244(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k intro)k
240 fnt82 2454 2247(,)m 2560(for)s 2897(e)s 3(xample,)k
3810(at)s 4041(the)s 4388(point)s 4939(of)s 5209(interest,)s
6017(and)s 6420(refers)s 7012(to)s 7250(the)s 7597(mark)s 2(ed)k
8369(page)s 8876(as)s 220 fnt35 0 1956(@P)m 8(ageOf intro)k
240 fnt82 1499 1959(else)m 6(where:)k 220 fnt35 480 1459(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k
480 1171(def @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag { @Null })k
480 674(def @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k r)k -3(ight x)k 480 386({)m
480 98(    @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 78 84
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(78)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 220 fnt35 480 13210(})m 480 12718(def @P)m 8(ageOf r)k -3(ight x)k
480 12430({)m 480 12142(    @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k
480 11854(})m 240 fnt82 0 11360(W)m 19(e)k 385(will)s
828(see)s 1206(belo)s 6(w)k 1856(that)s 2291(an)s
2591(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3662(of)s 220 fnt35
3949 11357(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt82
5435 11360(appears)m 6233(before)s 6916(each)s 7428(page,)s 8004(with)s
220 fnt35 8503 11357(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt82 0 11072(parameter)m
1014(equal)s 1587(to)s 1826(the)s 2174(page)s 2682(number)s 13(.)k
3564(Suppose)s 4432(that)s 220 fnt35 4850 11069(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k intro)k
240 fnt82 6548 11072(,)m 6655(which)s 7297(e)s 3(xpands)k
8130(to)s 220 fnt35 480 10571(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged intro)k
240 fnt82 0 10072(happens)m 855(to)s 1113(f)s 2(all)k
1502(on)s 1819(page)s 2346(27)s 2653(of)s 2944(the)s
3311(\207nal)s 3810(printed)s 4564(document)s 5588(\(of)s 5957(course,)s
6707(its)s 7003(v)s 6(alue)k 7590(is)s 220 fnt35
7819 10069(@Null)m 240 fnt82 8484 10072(which)m 0 9784(mak)m 2(es)k
686(it)s 905(in)s 9(visible\).)k 1988(Then)s 2564(the)s
2939(ef)s 6(fect)k 3561(of)s 220 fnt35 3859 9781(@T)m 26(agged)k
240 fnt82 4874 9784(is)m 5111(to)s 5377(attach)s 220 fnt35
6030 9781(intro)m 240 fnt82 6536 9784(as)m 6812(an)s 7122(e)s 3(xtra)k
7683(tag)s 8054(to)s 8320(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 9496(in)m 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
1092(of)s 220 fnt35 1401 9493(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er)k
240 fnt82 2908 9496(preceding)m 3943(that)s 4399(\207nal)s 4917(point,)s
5554(and)s 5997(this)s 6431(must)s 6994(be)s 220 fnt35
7315 9493(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er 27)k 240 fnt82
9022 9496(.)m 0 9208(Therefore)m 997(the)s 1345(e)s 3(xpression)k
220 fnt35 480 8707(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&intro @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k
240 fnt82 0 8208(will)m 422(open)s 941(the)s 1285(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
220 fnt35 2334 8205(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er 27)k
240 fnt82 4097 8208(and)m 4497(yield)s 5028(the)s 5372(v)s 6(alue)k
5936(of)s 6203(its)s 220 fnt35 6474 8205(@T)m 26(ag)k
240 fnt82 7093 8208(parameter)m 9(,)k 8141(27.)s 8540(Thus,)s
220 fnt35 0 7917(@P)m 8(ageOf intro)k 240 fnt82 1499 7920(appearing)m
2495(an)s 3(ywhere)k 3478(in)s 3721(the)s 4069(document)s
5073(yields)s 5695(27.)s 480 7546(Ne)m 3(xt)k 1009(we)s
1351(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1859(some)s 2427(little)s
2926(de\207nitions)s 3994(for)s 4339(v)s 6(arious)k 5095(parts)s
5617(of)s 5895(the)s 6250(page.)s 220 fnt35 6873 7543(@FullPlace)m
240 fnt82 8055 7546(will)m 8488(be)s 8778(the)s 0 7258(tar)m 4(get)k
599(of)s 870(full-width)s 1882(body)s 2416(te)s 3(xt:)k
220 fnt35 480 6757(def @FullPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 0 6256(@ColPlace)m 240 fnt82
1151 6259(will)m 1577(be)s 1859(the)s 2207(tar)s 4(get)k
2806(of)s 3077(body)s 3611(te)s 3(xt)k 4026(within)s
4694(one)s 5096(column:)s 220 fnt35 480 5758(def @ColPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k
0 5257(@T)m 26(opList)k 240 fnt82 972 5260(will)m 1398(be)s
1680(the)s 2028(tar)s 4(get)k 2627(of)s 2898(\207gures)s
3600(and)s 4004(tables:)s 220 fnt35 480 4759(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k
480 4471(def @T)m 26(opList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k 480 4183({)m
480 3895(    @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 3607(    //@T)m 26(opGap @T)k 26(opList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k
480 3319(})m 240 fnt82 0 2825(W)m 19(e)k 392(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
916(tak)s 2(en)k 1512(a)s 1702(shortcut)s 2555(here,)s
3096(a)s 4(v)k 4(oiding)k 4002(an)s 4309(unnecessary)s
220 fnt35 5555 2822(@T)m 26(opPlace)k 240 fnt82 6753 2825(symbol.)m
220 fnt35 7645 2822(@F)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt82 8722 2825(and)m
220 fnt35 0 2534(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt82 1142 2537(de\207ne)m
1774(a)s 1931(sequence)s 2854(of)s 3116(full-width)s 4119(tar)s 4(gets)k
4793(at)s 5015(the)s 5354(foot)s 5790(of)s 6052(the)s
6390(page)s 6889(for)s 7218(footnotes,)s 8205(preceded)s 0 2249(by)m
294(a)s 460(short)s 998(horizontal)s 2022(line:)s 220 fnt35
480 1748(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 1460(def @F)m 6(ootList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k
480 1172({)m 480 884(    @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 596(    //@F)m 6(ootGap  @F)k 6(ootList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k
480 308(})m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 79 85
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.3.)m 454(P)s 19(a)k 2(g)k 2(e)k
976(layout)s 240 fnt84 8832 13840(79)m 220 fnt35 480 13207(def @F)m 6(ootSect)k
480 12919({)m 480 12631(    @F)m 6(ootLen @Wide @HLine)k 480 12343(    //@F)m 6(ootGap  @F)k 6(ootList 1  ||@F)k 6(ootLen)k
480 12055(})m 240 fnt82 0 11561(Similarly)m 15(,)k 220 fnt35
988 11558(@ColF)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt82 2378 11561(and)m 220 fnt35
2791 11558(@ColF)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt82 4279 11561(pro)m 3(vide)k
5072(a)s 5247(sequence)s 6189(of)s 6469(tar)s 4(gets)k
7161(for)s 7508(footnotes)s 8458(within)s 0 11273(one)m 402(column:)s
220 fnt35 480 10822(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k
480 10534(def @ColF)m 6(ootList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k 480 10246({)m
480 9958(    @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 9670(    //@F)m 6(ootGap  @ColF)k 6(ootList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k
480 9382(})m 480 8806(def @ColF)m 6(ootSect)k 480 8518({)m 480 8230(    @ColF)m 6(ootLen @Wide @HLine)k
480 7942(    //@F)m 6(ootGap  @ColF)k 6(ootList 1  ||@ColF)k 6(ootLen)k 480 7654(})m
240 fnt82 0 7160(The)m 428(ne)s 3(xt)k 897(de\207nition)s
1871(pro)s 3(vides)k 2743(a)s 2909(horizontal)s 3933(sequence)s
4866(of)s 5137(one)s 5539(or)s 5798(more)s 6345(columns:)s
220 fnt35 480 6659(def @ColList r)m -3(ight col)k 480 6371({)m 480 6083(    def @Column)m
480 5795(    {  @VExpand { @ColPlace //1r)m -8(t @OneRo)k 3(w { //@MidGap @ColF)k 6(ootSect } }  })k 480 5219(    col @Case {)m
480 4931(        Single @Y)m 4(ield @Column)k 480 4643(        Doub)m 4(le @Y)k 4(ield { @Doub)k 4(leColWidth @Wide @Column  ||@ColGap  @ColList col })k
480 4355(        Multi  @Y)m 4(ield { @MultiColWidth @Wide @Column  ||@ColGap  @ColList col })k 480 4067(    })m 480 3779(})m 240 fnt82
0 3285(Each)m 537(column)s 1315(consists)s 2125(of)s 2399(a)s
220 fnt35 2568 3282(@ColPlace)m 240 fnt82 3721 3285(at)m 3956(the)s
4307(top)s 4668(and)s 5075(a)s 220 fnt35 5243 3282(@F)m 6(ootSect)k
240 fnt82 6397 3285(at)m 6632(the)s 6982(foot.)s 7534(The)s
220 fnt35 7965 3282(@VExpand)m 240 fnt82 0 2997(symbol)m 772(ensures)s
1553(that)s 1983(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2977(a)s
3156(column)s 3943(comes)s 4618(into)s 5056(e)s 3(xistence,)k
6061(it)s 6266(will)s 6705(e)s 3(xpand)k 7464(v)s 3(ertically)k
8429(so)s 8708(that)s 0 2709(the)m 360(bottom-justi\207cation)s 220 fnt35
2315 2706(//1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 2769 2709(has)m 3152(as)s
3414(much)s 4016(space)s 4615(as)s 4878(possible)s 5730(to)s
5982(w)s 2(ork)k 6545(within.)s 7333(The)s 220 fnt35
7773 2706(col)m 240 fnt82 8112 2709(parameter)m 0 2421(determines)m 1099(whether)s
1929(the)s 2277(result)s 2867(has)s 3237(a)s 3403(single)s
4030(column,)s 4855(double)s 5563(columns,)s 6481(or)s 6740(multiple)s
7592(columns.)s 480 2047(The)m 220 fnt35 908 2044(@P)m 8(age)k
240 fnt82 1687 2047(symbol)m 2447(places)s 3095(its)s 3371(parameter)s
4385(in)s 4628(a)s 4794(page)s 5302(of)s 5573(\207x)s 3(ed)k
6107(width,)s 6759(height,)s 7464(and)s 7868(mar)s 4(gins:)k
220 fnt35 480 1546(def @P)m 8(age r)k -3(ight x)k 480 1258({)m
480 970(    @P)m 8(ageWidth @Wide @P)k 8(ageHeight @High {)k 480 682(        //@P)m 8(ageMargin  ||@P)k 8(ageMargin)k
480 394(        @HExpand @VExpand x)m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 80 86
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(80)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 220 fnt35 480 13207(        ||@P)m 8(ageMargin  //@P)k 8(ageMargin)k
480 12919(    })m 480 12631(})m 0 12134(@HExpand)m 240 fnt82 1169 12137(and)m
220 fnt35 1568 12134(@VExpand)m 240 fnt82 2725 12137(ensure)m 3400(that)s
3814(the)s 4157(right)s 4664(parameter)s 5673(occupies)s 6557(all)s
6845(the)s 7189(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8092(space;)s
8730(this)s 0 11849(is)m 218(important)s 1215(when)s 1800(the)s
2156(right)s 2676(parameter)s 3698(is)s 3916(unusually)s 4910(small.)s
5599(The)s 220 fnt35 6036 11846(@High)m 240 fnt82 6763 11849(symbol)m
7531(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 8087(the)s 8443(page)s
8960(a)s 0 11561(single)m 627(ro)s 6(w)k 1047(mark,)s
1645(ensuring)s 2522(that)s 2940(it)s 3132(will)s 3558(be)s
3840(printed)s 4575(on)s 4872(a)s 5038(single)s 5665(sheet)s
6216(of)s 6487(paper)s 7078(\(page)s 7665(29\).)s 480 11187(Ne)m 3(xt)k
1002(we)s 1337(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt35
1838 11184(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt82 2972 11187(,)m 3079(de\207ning)s
3917(a)s 4083(typical)s 4788(page)s 5296(of)s 5567(a)s
5733(book)s 6274(or)s 6533(other)s 7084(document:)s 220 fnt35
480 10686(def @OneP)m 8(age)k 480 10398(    named @Columns {})m 480 10110(    named @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op {})k
480 9822(    named @P)m 8(ageF)k 6(oot {})k 480 9534({)m 480 9246(    @P)m 8(age {)k
480 8958(        @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op)k 480 8670(        //@MidGap  @T)m 26(opList)k
480 8382(        //@MidGap  @FullPlace)m 480 8094(        //@MidGap  @ColList @Columns)m 480 7806(        // //1r)m -8(t   @OneRo)k 3(w { //@MidGap @F)k 6(ootSect //@MidGap @P)k 8(ageF)k 6(oot })k
480 7518(    })m 480 7230(})m 240 fnt82 0 6736(The)m 431(page)s
943(top)s 1305(and)s 1713(page)s 2224(foot,)s 2720(and)s
3128(the)s 3479(number)s 4274(of)s 4548(columns,)s 5470(are)s
5821(parameters)s 6922(that)s 7344(will)s 7773(be)s 8059(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
8643(later)s 0 6448(when)m 220 fnt35 565 6445(@OneP)m 8(age)k
240 fnt82 1747 6448(is)m 1946(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k
2855(The)s 3272(body)s 3794(of)s 4054(the)s 4390(page)s
4887(is)s 5085(a)s 5240(straightforw)s 2(ard)k 6756(combination)s
7998(of)s 8257(pre)s 6(vious)k 0 6160(de\207nitions.)m 1171(The)s
220 fnt35 1595 6157(//)m 240 fnt82 1777 6160(symbol)m 2533(protects)s
3337(the)s 3681(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt35 4655 6157(//1r)m -8(t)k
240 fnt82 5093 6160(from)m 5614(deletion)s 6437(in)s 6677(the)s
7021(unlik)s 2(ely)k 7854(e)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k
8419(that)s 8833(all)s 0 5872(the)m 342(preceding)s 1331(symbols)s
2174(are)s 2514(replaced)s 3375(by)s 220 fnt35 3662 5869(@Null)m
240 fnt82 4247 5872(.)m 4405(The)s 4826(follo)s 6(wing)k
5797(object)s 6434(is)s 6638(enclosed)s 7526(in)s 220 fnt35
7763 5869(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 8887 5872(to)m 0 5584(ensure)m
680(that)s 1098(all)s 1391(of)s 1662(it)s 1854(is)s
2064(bottom-justi\207ed,)s 3698(not)s 4064(just)s 4469(its)s 4745(\207rst)s
5176(component.)s 480 5210(Before)m 1199(presenting)s 2262(the)s 2624(de\207nition)s
3612(of)s 3896(a)s 4076(sequence)s 5023(of)s 5308(pages,)s
5974(we)s 6322(must)s 6861(detour)s 7546(to)s 7799(describe)s
8665(ho)s 6(w)k 0 4922(running)m 803(page)s 1317(headers)s
2104(and)s 2513(footers)s 3233(\(lik)s 2(e)k 3730(those)s
4297(in)s 4545(the)s 4899(present)s 5655(document\))s 6732(are)s
7085(produced.)s 8146(These)s 8779(are)s 0 4634(based)m 603(on)s
900(the)s 220 fnt35 1248 4631(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 2250 4634(symbol:)m
220 fnt35 480 4133(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(opOdd @T)k 26(opEv)k 5(en @F)k 6(ootOdd @F)k 6(ootEv)k 5(en)k
480 3845(def @Runner)m 480 3557(    named @T)m 26(opOdd r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k
480 3269(    named @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k
480 2981(    named @F)m 6(ootOdd r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k 480 2693(    named @F)m 6(ootEv)k 5(en r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k
480 2405(    named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 2117({ @Null })m 240 fnt82 0 1623(The)m
440(four)s 910(parameters)s 2020(control)s 2764(the)s 3125(format)s
3833(of)s 4116(running)s 4926(headers)s 5719(and)s 6136(footers)s
6862(on)s 7171(odd)s 7601(and)s 8017(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
8530(pages)s 0 1335(respecti)m 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k
1294(In)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 2448(of)s 220 fnt35
2719 1332(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 3661 1335(,)m 3768(for)s 4106(e)s 3(xample)k
220 fnt35 480 834(@Runner)m 480 546(    @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en { @B @P)k 8(ageNum |1r)k -8(t @I { Chapter 4 } })k
480 258(    @T)m 26(opOdd  { @I { Examples }   |1r)k -8(t @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 81 87
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.3.)m 454(P)s 19(a)k 2(g)k 2(e)k
976(layout)s 240 fnt84 8839 13840(81)m 240 fnt82 0 13205(will)m
416(be)s 687(embedded)s 1719(in)s 1951(the)s 2289(body)s
2812(te)s 3(xt)k 3217(of)s 3477(the)s 3815(document,)s
4855(and,)s 5298(as)s 5537(we)s 5862(will)s 6277(see)s
6628(in)s 6860(a)s 7016(moment,)s 7896(are)s 8232(accessed)s
0 12917(by)m 220 fnt35 296 12914(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 2423 12917(cross)m 2967(references)s 4001(on)s 4301(the)s
4651(pages.)s 5363(Notice)s 6059(ho)s 6(w)k 6522(the)s
220 fnt35 6873 12914(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt82 8112 12917(parameter)m
0 12629(of)m 265(each)s 753(parameter)s 1761(allo)s 6(ws)k
2423(the)s 2764(format)s 3454(of)s 3718(the)s 4059(running)s
4851(header)s 5541(to)s 5774(be)s 6049(speci\207ed)s 6950(while)s
7531(lea)s 4(ving)k 8277(the)s 8618(page)s 0 12341(number)m
791(to)s 1030(be)s 1312(substituted)s 2406(later)s 13(.)k
480 11967(W)m 19(e)k 843(may)s 1303(no)s 6(w)k
1758(de\207ne)s 220 fnt35 2393 11964(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82
3872 11967(,)m 3973(whose)s 4635(result)s 5219(is)s 5423(a)s
5583(sequence)s 6510(of)s 6775(pages)s 7365(be)s 3(ginning)k
8367(with)s 8843(an)s 0 11679(odd-numbered)m 1454(page:)s 220 fnt35
480 11178(def @OddP)m 8(ageList)k 480 10890(    named @Columns {})m 480 10602(    r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k
480 10314({)m 480 10026(    def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList ...)k 480 9450(        @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k
480 9162(    //  @Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open {)k 480 8874(            @OneP)m 8(age)k
480 8586(                @Columns { @Columns })m 480 8298(                @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op { @T)k 26(opOdd @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 8010(                @P)m 8(ageF)k 6(oot { @F)k 6(ootOdd @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 7722(        })m 480 7434(    //  @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 480 7146(            @Columns { @Columns })m
480 6858(            @Ne)m 6(xt @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 6570(})m 240 fnt82
0 6076(Ignoring)m 220 fnt35 887 6073(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k
240 fnt82 2516 6076(for)m 2865(the)s 3223(moment,)s 4125(notice)s
4775(\207rst)s 5217(that)s 5645(the)s 6004(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
7068(of)s 220 fnt35 7350 6073(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt82
8554 6076(is)m 8775(en)s 8998(-)s 0 5788(closed)m 679(in)s
220 fnt35 932 5785(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open)k 240 fnt82
3815 5788(.)m 3989(Since)s 220 fnt35 4586 5785(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 6721 5788(refers)m 7324(to)s 7573(the)s 7931(\207rst)s
8373(in)s 9(v)k 4(oca)k 8998(-)s 0 5500(tion)m
421(of)s 220 fnt35 684 5497(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 1678 5500(appearing)m
2666(after)s 3154(itself)s 3694(in)s 3929(the)s 4269(\207nal)s
4741(printed)s 5468(document,)s 6511(the)s 6851(symbols)s 220 fnt35
7692 5497(@T)m 26(opOdd)k 240 fnt82 8722 5500(and)m 220 fnt35
0 5209(@F)m 6(ootOdd)k 240 fnt82 1127 5212(will)m 1562(tak)s 2(e)k
2023(their)s 2528(v)s 6(alue)k 3105(from)s 3638(the)s
3995(\207rst)s 4434(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5497(of)s
220 fnt35 5777 5209(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 6788 5212(follo)m 6(wing)k
7773(the)s 8130(top)s 8498(of)s 8778(the)s 0 4924(page,)m
554(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1049(though)s 220 fnt35
1767 4921(@F)m 6(ootOdd)k 240 fnt82 2880 4924(appears)m 3656(at)s
3883(the)s 4225(foot)s 4665(of)s 4931(the)s 5274(page.)s
5884(Their)s 220 fnt35 6456 4921(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt82
7687 4924(parameters)m 8779(are)s 0 4636(replaced)m 867(by)s 220 fnt35
1161 4633(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt82 2337 4636(,)m 2444(the)s
2792(actual)s 3417(page)s 3925(number)s 4716(parameter)s 5730(of)s
220 fnt35 6001 4633(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82 7480 4636(.)m
480 4262(After)m 1043(producing)s 2067(the)s 2415(odd-numbered)s 3869(page,)s
220 fnt35 4428 4259(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82 5967 4262(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k
220 fnt35 6748 4259(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82
8307 4262(:)m 220 fnt35 480 3761(def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k
480 3473(    named @Columns {})m 480 3185(    r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 2897({)m
480 2609(        @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k
480 2321(    //  @Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open {)k 480 2033(            @OneP)m 8(age)k
480 1745(                @Columns { @Columns })m 480 1457(                @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op { @T)k 26(opEv)k 5(en @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 1169(                @P)m 8(ageF)k 6(oot { @F)k 6(ootEv)k 5(en @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 881(        })m 480 593(    //  @OddP)m 8(ageList)k 480 305(            @Columns { @Columns })m 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 82 88
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(82)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 220 fnt35 480 13207(            @Ne)m 6(xt @P)k 8(ageNum)k
480 12919(})m 240 fnt82 0 12425(This)m 465(produces)s 1369(an)s
1641(e)s 6(v)k 3(en-numbered)k 3167(page,)s 3714(then)s
4172(passes)s 4823(the)s 5160(ball)s 5562(back)s 6063(to)s
220 fnt35 6291 12422(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82 7819 12425(\211)m
7988(a)s 8142(delightful)s 0 12137(e)m 3(xample)k 877(of)s
1162(what)s 1701(computer)s 2678(scientists)s 3619(call)s 4032(mutual)s
4765(recursion.)s 5832(The)s 6274(tw)s 2(o)k 6699(page)s
7221(types)s 7791(dif)s 6(fer)k 8388(only)s 8883(in)s
0 11849(their)m 497(running)s 1295(headers)s 2076(and)s 2480(footers,)s
3250(b)s 4(ut)k 3612(other)s 4163(changes)s 4985(could)s
5575(easily)s 6186(be)s 6468(made.)s 480 11475(It)m 682(w)s 2(as)k
1099(foreshado)s 6(wed)k 2489(earlier)s 3153(that)s 3568(an)s
3847(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4897(of)s 220 fnt35
5164 11472(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt82
6630 11475(w)m 2(ould)k 7281(precede)s 8076(each)s 8567(page,)s
0 11187(and)m 412(this)s 817(has)s 1195(been)s 1713(done.)s
2351(Although)s 3322(this)s 220 fnt35 3726 11184(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er)k
240 fnt82 5204 11187(is)m 5422(a)s 5597(component)s 6729(of)s
7009(the)s 7365(root)s 7819(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
8499(it)s 8700(will)s 0 10899(not)m 366(cause)s 953(a)s
1119(page)s 1627(to)s 1866(be)s 2148(printed,)s 2932(because)s
3745(Basser)s 4442(Lout)s 4954(skips)s 5497(components)s 6705(of)s
6976(height)s 7634(zero.)s 240 fnt84 0 10106(4.4.)m 471(Chapters)s
1468(and)s 1909(sections)s 240 fnt82 480 9629(The)m 905(de\207nitions)s
1962(of)s 2229(chapters)s 3073(and)s 3473(sections)s 4290(from)s
4811(the)s 5155(DocumentSetup)s 6746(package)s 7583(of)s 7850(V)s 26(ersion)k
8634(2)s 8804(\(in)s 0 9341(V)m 26(ersion)k 793(3,)s
1026(the)s 1379(BookSetup)s 2503(e)s 3(xtension)k 3480(of)s
3756(DocumentSetup\))s 5432(form)s 5961(the)s 6315(subject)s 7058(of)s
7334(this)s 7736(section.)s 8583(The)s 3(y)k 0 9053(allo)m 6(w)k
579(a)s 745(chapter)s 1508(to)s 1747(be)s 2029(entered)s
2790(lik)s 2(e)k 3202(this:)s 220 fnt35 480 8552(@Chapter)m
480 8264(    @Title { ...)m 13( })k 480 7976(    @T)m 26(ag { ...)k 13( })k
480 7688(@Begin)m 480 7400(    ...)m 480 7112(@End @Chapter)m 240 fnt82 0 6616(W)m 9(ithin)k
712(the)s 1060(chapter)s 1823(a)s 1989(sequence)s 2922(of)s
3193(sections)s 4014(may)s 4480(be)s 4762(included)s 5644(by)s
5938(writing)s 220 fnt35 480 6115(@BeginSections)m 480 5827(@Section { ...)m 13( })k
480 5539(...)m 480 5251(@Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 4963(@EndSections)m 240 fnt82
0 4508(These)m 627(are)s 974(numbered)s 1989(automatically)s 15(,)k
3381(and)s 3785(an)s 4068(entry)s 4613(is)s 4823(made)s
5397(for)s 5735(each)s 6230(in)s 6473(a)s 6639(table)s
7159(of)s 7430(contents.)s 480 4134(The)m 901(user)s 1352(of)s
1615(the)s 1956(DocumentSetup)s 3544(package)s 4376(can)s 4758(\207nd)s
5182(the)s 5522(number)s 6306(of)s 6570(the)s 6910(chapter)s
7666(or)s 7918(section)s 8644(with)s 0 3846(a)m 176(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
766(tag)s 1121(by)s 1426(writing)s 220 fnt35 2179 3843(@NumberOf tag)m
240 fnt82 3838 3846(at)m 4081(an)s 3(y)k 4488(point)s
5050(in)s 5304(the)s 5662(document.)s 6780(This)s 7267(feature)s
7995(is)s 8215(based)s 8829(on)s 0 3558(the)m 348(follo)s 6(wing)k
1325(de\207nitions:)s 220 fnt35 480 3057(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k
480 2769(def @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag { @Null })k
480 2193(def @NumberOf r)m -3(ight x)k 480 1905({  @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag }  })k
240 fnt82 0 1406(Each)m 522(chapter)s 1272(and)s 1663(section)s
2384(will)s 2797(contain)s 3545(one)s 3934(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
4975(of)s 220 fnt35 5233 1403(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k
240 fnt82 6918 1406(;)m 7017(a)s 7170(full)s 7543(e)s 3(xplanation)k
8700(will)s 0 1118(be)m 282(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
862(later)s 13(.)k 480 744(A)m 710(sequence)s 1643(of)s
1914(places)s 2562(for)s 2900(recei)s 6(ving)k 3836(chapters)s
4683(is)s 4893(easily)s 5504(de\207ned:)s 220 fnt35 480 243(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 83 89
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.4.)m 454(Chapter)s 2(s)k 1385(and)s
1811(sections)s 240 fnt84 8833 13840(83)m 220 fnt35 480 13207(def @ChapterList r)m -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k
480 12919({)m 480 12631(    @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 12343(    //@ChapterGap  @ChapterList @Ne)m 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k
480 12055(})m 0 11558(@ChapterGap)m 240 fnt82 1505 11561(will)m 1967(usually)s
2747(be)s 220 fnt35 3065 11558(1.1b)m 240 fnt82 3484 11561(,)m
3626(ensuring)s 4539(that)s 4992(each)s 5523(chapter)s 6321(be)s 3(gins)k
7030(on)s 7362(a)s 7564(ne)s 6(w)k 8046(page.)s
8698(The)s 220 fnt35 0 11270(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 1063 11273(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k
1697(itself)s 2245(is)s 2455(de\207ned)s 3218(as)s 3468(follo)s 6(ws:)k
220 fnt35 480 10772(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @F)k 6(ootNote @BeginSections @EndSections @Section)k
480 10484(def @Chapter f)m 6(orce into { @ChapterList&&preceding })k 480 10196(    named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 9908(    named @Title {})m
480 9620(    named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 9332(    body @Body)m 480 9044({)m 480 8756(    def @F)m 6(ootNote r)k -3(ight x { @ColF)k 6(ootNote x })k
480 8180(    def @BeginSections ...)m 480 7892(    def @EndSections ...)m 480 7604(    def @Section ...)m 480 7151(    def @ChapterTitle)m 480 6863(    {)m
480 6575(        @ChapterNumbers @Case {)m 480 6287(            {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es}  @Y)k 4(ield  { Chapter {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13(  |2s  @Title })k
480 5999(            else  @Y)m 4(ield  @Title)k 480 5711(        })m 480 5423(    })m 480 4847(    def @ChapterNum)m
480 4559(    {)m 480 4271(        @ChapterNumbers @Case {)m 480 3983(            {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es}  @Y)k 4(ield  { Chapter {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag} })k
480 3695(            else  @Y)m 4(ield @Null)k 480 3407(        })m 480 3119(    })m 480 2627(        r)m 2(agged @Break @BookTitleF)k 6(or)k -5(mat @ChapterTitle)k
480 2339(    //  @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er {)k 480 2051(            @ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k
480 1763(        })m 480 1475(    //  @ChapterList&&preceding  @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 1187(    //  @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k
480 899(    //  @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding   @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k
480 611(    //  { @ChapterTitle } @MajorContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 323(    //  @Runner)m

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 84 90
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(84)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 220 fnt35 480 13207(            @F)m 6(ootEv)k 5(en { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 12919(            @F)m 6(ootOdd  { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 12631(    //  @Body)m 480 12343(    //@SectionGap @ChapRefSection)m 480 12055(    //  @Runner)m 480 11767(            @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en { @B @P)k 8(ageNum |1r)k -8(t @I @ChapterNum })k
480 11479(            @T)m 26(opOdd  { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1r)k -8(t @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 11191(})m
240 fnt82 0 10697(W)m 19(e)k 371(will)s 800(see)s
1164(the)s 1515(symbols)s 2366(for)s 2707(sections)s 3531(shortly)s 15(.)k
4347(Notice)s 5042(ho)s 6(w)k 5506(their)s 6006(use)s
6384(has)s 6756(been)s 7268(restricted)s 8216(to)s 8458(within)s
0 10409(the)m 348(right)s 859(parameter)s 1873(of)s 220 fnt35
2144 10406(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 3147 10409(,)m 3254(by)s 3548(nesting)s
4292(them)s 4830(and)s 5234(using)s 5806(a)s 5972(body)s
6506(parameter)s 13(.)k 480 10035(The)m 956(meaning)s 1882(of)s
220 fnt35 2202 10032(@F)m 6(ootNote)k 240 fnt82 3422 10035(within)m
220 fnt35 4139 10032(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 5250 10035(has)m 5669(been)s
6227(set)s 6601(to)s 220 fnt35 6889 10032(@ColF)m 6(ootNote)k
240 fnt82 8328 10035(,)m 8484(which)s 0 9747(produces)m 907(a)s
1064(footnote)s 1908(tar)s 4(geted)k 2722(to)s 220 fnt35
2953 9744(@ColF)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt82 4325 9747(\(see)m 4756(Section)s
5521(4.3\).)s 6056(In)s 6303(other)s 6845(w)s 2(ords,)k
7526(footnotes)s 8458(within)s 0 9459(chapters)m 851(go)s 1149(at)s
1386(the)s 1739(foot)s 2189(of)s 2465(the)s 2818(column,)s
3648(not)s 4019(at)s 4256(the)s 4609(foot)s 5059(of)s
5335(the)s 5688(page.)s 6309(\(Of)s 6717(course,)s 7453(in)s
7701(single-column)s 0 9171(books)m 623(this)s 1018(distinction)s 2083(is)s
2292(insigni\207cant.\))s 220 fnt35 3721 9168(@ChapterTitle)m 240 fnt82 5188 9171(and)m
220 fnt35 5591 9168(@ChapterNum)m 240 fnt82 7102 9171(are)m 7448(tri)s 6(vial)k
8065(de\207nitions)s 0 8883(which)m 642(v)s 6(ary)k 1115(depending)s
2166(on)s 2463(whether)s 3293(the)s 3641(user)s 4099(has)s
4469(requested)s 5443(numbered)s 6458(chapters)s 7305(or)s 7564(not.)s
480 8509(Each)m 1014(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2066(of)s
220 fnt35 2336 8506(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 3397 8509(has)m 3766(its)s
4040(o)s 6(wn)k 4503(unique)s 220 fnt35 5209 8506(@T)m 26(ag)k
240 fnt82 5772 8509(,)m 5878(either)s 6479(supplied)s 7347(by)s
7639(the)s 7986(user)s 8442(or)s 8699(else)s 0 8221(inserted)m
835(automatically)s 2210(by)s 2525(Lout.)s 3162(W)s 19(e)k
3553(no)s 6(w)k 4035(trace)s 4575(the)s 4944(cross)s
5507(referencing)s 6669(of)s 6961(chapter)s 7745(numbers)s 8641(on)s
8960(a)s 0 7933(h)m 1(ypothetical)k 1236(third)s 1745(chapter)s
2508(whose)s 3176(tag)s 3521(is)s 220 fnt35 3731 7930(euclid)m
240 fnt82 4291 7933(.)m 220 fnt35 480 7556(@ChapterList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged euclid)k
240 fnt82 4758 7559(attaches)m 220 fnt35 5574 7556(euclid)m 240 fnt82
6190 7559(as)m 6436(an)s 6715(e)s 3(xtra)k 7245(tag)s
7586(to)s 7821(the)s 8165(\207rst)s 8592(in)s 9(v)k 4(o)k
8998(-)s 0 7271(cation)m 653(of)s 220 fnt35 937 7268(@ChapterList)m
240 fnt82 2350 7271(preceding)m 3359(itself)s 3920(in)s 4176(the)s
4536(\207nal)s 5029(printed)s 5777(document.)s 6898(But)s 7317(this)s
220 fnt35 7726 7268(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt82 0 6983(must)m 525(be)s
807(the)s 1155(tar)s 4(get)k 1754(of)s 2025(the)s
2373(chapter)s 9(,)k 3174(and)s 3578(so)s 220 fnt35
480 6482(@ChapterList&&euclid @Open { @T)m 26(ag })k 240 fnt82 0 5983(is)m 200(3,)s
416(the)s 754(number)s 1534(of)s 1795(the)s 2132(chapter)s
2885(\()s 220 fnt35 2958 5980(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt82
3570 5983(refers)m 4153(to)s 4381(the)s 4719(parameter)s 5722(of)s
220 fnt35 5983 5980(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt82 7323 5983(,)m 7419(not)s
7775(the)s 8112(parameter)s 0 5695(of)m 220 fnt35 272 5692(@Chapter)m
240 fnt82 1275 5695(\).)m 1520(Consequently)s 2892(the)s 3242(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
4297(of)s 220 fnt35 4570 5692(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k
240 fnt82 6317 5695(within)m 6986(the)s 7336(chapter)s 8100(is)s
8312(equal)s 8887(to)s 220 fnt35 0 5404(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er 3)k
240 fnt82 1861 5407(.)m 220 fnt35 480 5030(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged euclid)k
240 fnt82 5137 5033(attaches)m 220 fnt35 5992 5030(euclid)m 240 fnt82
6646 5033(to)m 220 fnt35 6920 5030(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er 3)k
240 fnt82 8876 5033(as)m 0 4745(an)m 283(e)s 3(xtra)k
817(tag,)s 1216(and)s 1620(so)s 220 fnt35 1886 4742(@NumberOf euclid)m
240 fnt82 3742 4745(,)m 3849(which)s 4491(e)s 3(xpands)k
5324(to)s 220 fnt35 480 4244(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&euclid @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k
240 fnt82 0 3745(must)m 538(be)s 833(equal)s 1419(to)s
1671(3,)s 1911(as)s 2175(required.)s 3148(This)s 3637(scheme)s
4423(could)s 5026(be)s 5322(simpli\207ed)s 6349(by)s 6656(placing)s
7426(the)s 7787(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 8855(of)s
220 fnt35 0 3454(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt82
1758 3457(within)m 220 fnt35 2440 3454(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt82 3854 3457(rather)m
4484(than)s 4966(within)s 220 fnt35 5648 3454(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82
6651 3457(,)m 6772(b)s 4(ut)k 7148(it)s 7353(turns)s
7896(out)s 8276(that)s 8708(that)s 0 3169(scheme)m 773(does)s
1263(not)s 1629(generalize)s 2666(well)s 3132(to)s 3371(sections)s
4192(and)s 4596(subsections.)s 480 2795(There)m 1124(is)s 1365(a)s
1562(trap)s 2017(for)s 2386(the)s 2765(unw)s 2(ary)k
3566(in)s 3840(the)s 4219(use)s 4625(of)s 220 fnt35
4927 2792(preceding)m 240 fnt82 5969 2795(and)m 220 fnt35 6404 2792(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 7234 2795(.)m 7429(Suppose)s 8328(that)s 8778(the)s
0 2507(in)m 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1054(of)s 220 fnt35
1325 2504(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt82 3070 2507(within)m
220 fnt35 3738 2504(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 4801 2507(is)m 5011(replaced)s
5878(by)s 6172(the)s 6520(seemingly)s 7557(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k
220 fnt35 480 2006(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er { @ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @T)k 26(ag } })k
240 fnt82 0 1507(No)m 6(w)k 514(suppose)s 1342(that)s
220 fnt35 1760 1504(@NumberOf euclid)m 240 fnt82 3676 1507(appears)m 4457(some)s 6(where)k
5596(within)s 6264(Chapter)s 7081(7.)s 7365(It)s 7570(will)s
7996(e)s 3(xpand)k 8743(to)s 220 fnt35 480 1006(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&euclid @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k
240 fnt82 0 507(which)m 642(w)s 2(ould)k 1297(no)s 6(w)k
1758(be)s 2040(equal)s 2613(to)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 85 91
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.4.)m 454(Chapter)s 2(s)k 1385(and)s
1811(sections)s 240 fnt84 8833 13840(85)m 220 fnt35 480 13207(@ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @T)m 26(ag })k
240 fnt82 0 12708(whose)m 663(v)s 6(alue,)k 1276(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated)k
2233(as)s 2477(it)s 2663(is)s 2868(within)s 3530(Chapter)s
4342(7,)s 4563(is)s 4767(7,)s 4989(not)s 5349(3.)s
5628(Use)s 6050(of)s 220 fnt35 6315 12705(preceding)m 240 fnt82
7321 12708(or)m 220 fnt35 7574 12705(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 8458 12708(within)m 0 12420(the)m 348(parameter)s 1362(of)s
1633(a)s 1799(symbol,)s 2611(rather)s 3227(than)s 3696(within)s
4364(the)s 4712(body)s 15(,)k 5284(is)s 5494(lik)s 2(ely)k
6090(to)s 6329(be)s 6611(erroneous.)s 480 12046(Much)m 1112(of)s
1400(the)s 1765(remainder)s 2810(of)s 3098(the)s 3463(de\207nition)s
4454(of)s 220 fnt35 4742 12043(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 5822 12046(is)m
6049(f)s 2(airly)k 6634(self-e)s 3(xplanatory:)k 8366(there)s
8916(is)s 0 11758(a)m 180(heading,)s 1060(a)s 1241(tag)s
1601(sent)s 2060(to)s 2314(mark)s 2881(the)s 3244(page)s
3766(on)s 4078(which)s 4735(the)s 5098(chapter)s 5875(be)s 3(gins,)k
6619(a)s 220 fnt35 6800 11755(@ContentsEntr)m -6(y)k 240 fnt82
8492 11758(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 11470(sent)m 484(to)s
762(the)s 1149(table)s 1708(of)s 2018(contents,)s 2961(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
3724(for)s 4101(the)s 4489(\207gures)s 5230(and)s 5673(tables)s
6320(of)s 6630(the)s 7017(chapter)s 7819(to)s 8097(collect)s
8833(in,)s 220 fnt35 0 11179(@Body)m 240 fnt82 781 11182(where)m
1421(the)s 1769(body)s 2303(of)s 2574(the)s 2922(chapter)s
3685(goes,)s 4230(and)s 220 fnt35 4634 11179(@ChapRefSection)m 240 fnt82
6499 11182(to)m 6738(hold)s 7222(a)s 7388(concluding)s 8505(list)s
8855(of)s 0 10894(references.)m 1144(This)s 1620(lea)s 4(v)k 3(es)k
2261(only)s 2741(the)s 3089(tw)s 2(o)k 3499(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k
4640(of)s 220 fnt35 4911 10891(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 5913 10894(to)m
6152(e)s 3(xplain.)k 480 10520(The)m 977(\207rst)s 220 fnt35
1478 10517(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 2550 10520(is)m 2830(just)s 3305(belo)s 6(w)k
4008(the)s 4426(heading.)s 5418(It)s 5693(will)s 6189(be)s
6541(the)s 6959(tar)s 4(get)k 7628(of)s 7969(the)s
220 fnt35 8387 10517(@Run)m 240 fnt82 8998 10520(-)m 220 fnt35
0 10229(ner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt82 1494 10232(cross)m
2030(reference)s 2967(at)s 3194(the)s 3536(be)s 3(ginning)k
4538(of)s 4803(the)s 5146(\207rst)s 5571(page)s 6073(of)s
6338(the)s 6681(chapter)s 7438(\(see)s 7872(Section)s 8640(4.3\),)s
0 9944(which)m 642(consequently)s 1959(will)s 2385(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
2886(null)s 3313(running)s 4111(headers)s 4892(and)s 5296(the)s
5644(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 6224(footers.)s 480 9570(The)m
954(second)s 220 fnt35 1724 9567(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 2772 9570(appears)m
3600(at)s 3878(the)s 4273(v)s 3(ery)k 4795(end)s
5246(of)s 5563(the)s 5958(chapter)s 9(,)k 6805(hence)s
7466(on)s 7809(its)s 8132(last)s 8570(page.)s 0 9282(Since)m
595(no)s 896(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 2046(of)s
220 fnt35 2325 9279(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 3335 9282(lie)m 3638(between)s
4500(it)s 4700(and)s 5113(the)s 5469(\207rst)s 220 fnt35
5908 9279(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 6850 9282(,)m 6966(it)s 7166(will)s
7600(be)s 7891(the)s 8247(tar)s 4(get)k 8855(of)s
220 fnt35 0 8991(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt82
2134 8994(on)m 2442(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 3029(page)s
3547(from)s 4082(the)s 4441(second)s 5175(page)s 5693(of)s
5975(the)s 6334(chapter)s 7107(to)s 7357(the)s 7716(last,)s
8165(inclusi)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k 0 8706(and)m 404(will)s
830(supply)s 1523(the)s 1871(format)s 2567(of)s 2838(their)s
3335(headers)s 4116(and)s 4520(footers.)s 480 8332(The)m 908(interested)s
1893(reader)s 2549(might)s 3166(care)s 3618(to)s 3857(predict)s
4579(the)s 4927(outcome)s 5806(in)s 6048(unusual)s 6848(cases,)s
7458(such)s 7954(as)s 8203(when)s 8778(the)s 0 8044(heading)m
811(occupies)s 1699(tw)s 2(o)k 2109(pages,)s 2761(or)s
3020(when)s 3596(a)s 3762(chapter)s 4524(occupies)s 5412(only)s
5892(one,)s 6345(or)s 6604(\(assuming)s 7640(a)s 7806(change)s
8540(to)s 8778(the)s 0 7756(g)m 1(ap)k 386(between)s
1227(chapters\))s 2138(when)s 2702(a)s 2855(chapter)s 3605(starts)s
4146(halfw)s 2(ay)k 4956(do)s 6(wn)k 5527(a)s
5680(page.)s 6283(Such)s 6807(predictions)s 7907(can)s 8283(be)s
8552(made)s 0 7468(with)m 482(great)s 1019(con\207dence.)s 480 7094(The)m
903(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt35 1975 7091(@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title)m 240 fnt82
5125 7094(appearing)m 6116(in)s 6354(the)s 6697(second)s 220 fnt35
7415 7091(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 8412 7094(returns)m 0 6806(the)m 354(v)s 6(alue)k
928(of)s 1205(the)s 220 fnt35 1560 6803(@RunningTitle)m 240 fnt82
3070 6806(parameter)m 4090(of)s 220 fnt35 4368 6803(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82
5437 6806(if)m 5660(this)s 6063(is)s 6279(not)s 6651(equal)s
7231(to)s 7476(the)s 7830(def)s 2(ault)k 8558(v)s 6(alue)k
220 fnt35 0 6515(dft)m 240 fnt82 240 6518(,)m 347(or)s
220 fnt35 606 6515(@Title)m 240 fnt82 1294 6518(otherwise:)m 220 fnt35
480 6036(def @OrElse)m 480 5748(    left x)m 480 5460(    r)m -3(ight y)k 480 5172({)m
480 4884(    x @Case {)m 480 4596(        dft  @Y)m 4(ield  y)k 480 4308(        else  @Y)m 4(ield  x)k
480 4020(    })m 480 3732(})m 240 fnt82 0 3238(This)m 476(produces)s
1391(the)s 1739(ef)s 6(fect)k 2335(of)s 220 fnt35
480 2737(named  @RunningTitle  {  @Title  })m 240 fnt82 0 2238(which)m 676(unfortunately)s 2052(is)s
2296(not)s 2696(permissible)s 3887(as)s 4171(it)s 4397(stands,)s
5136(because)s 220 fnt35 5983 2235(@Title)m 240 fnt82 6705 2238(is)m
6949(not)s 7349(visible)s 8076(within)s 8778(the)s 0 1950(def)m 2(ault)k
721(v)s 6(alue)k 1289(of)s 220 fnt35 1560 1947(@RunningTitle)m
240 fnt82 3004 1950(.)m 480 1576(Finally)m 15(,)k 1249(the)s
1597(de\207nitions)s 2658(for)s 2996(sections)s 3817(omitted)s 4605(earlier)s
5273(are)s 5620(as)s 5870(follo)s 6(ws:)k 220 fnt35
480 1075(def @EndSectionsPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 787(def @EndSections f)m 6(orce into { @EndSectionsPlace&&preceding } {})k 480 499(macro @BeginSections { //@SectionGap @SectionList 1 // @EndSectionsPlace // })m

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 86 92
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(86)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 220 fnt35 480 13207(def @Section f)m 6(orce into { @SectionList&&preceding })k 480 12919(    named @T)m 26(ag {})k
480 12631(    named @Title {})m 480 12343(    named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 12055(    body @Body)m 480 11767({)m 480 11479(    def @SectionTitle)m
480 11191(    {)m 480 10903(        @SectionNumbers @Case {)m 480 10615(            {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13(  |2s  @Title })k
480 10327(            else      @Y)m 4(ield @Title)k 480 10039(        })m 480 9751(    })m 480 9175(        @Heading @Protect @SectionTitle)m
480 8887(    //  @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er {)k 480 8599(            {@ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }}.{)k
480 8311(             @SectionList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }})k 480 8023(        })m 480 7735(    //  @ChapterList&&preceding  @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k
480 7447(    //  @SectionList&&preceding  @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 7159(    //  @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k
480 6871(    //  @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding   @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k
480 6583(    //  { &3f @SectionTitle } @ContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 6295(    //0io @Body)m
480 6007(})m 240 fnt82 0 5513(The)m 220 fnt35 409 5510(@BeginSections)m
240 fnt82 2066 5513(macro)m 2696(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k
220 fnt35 3457 5510(@SectionList)m 240 fnt82 4748 5513(,)m 4835(preceded)s
5736(by)s 6010(the)s 6338(appropriate)s 7462(g)s 1(ap)k
7840(and)s 8224(follo)s 6(wed)k 0 5225(by)m 284(an)s
220 fnt35 556 5222(@EndSectsPlace)m 240 fnt82 2307 5225(for)m 2635(closing)s
3368(the)s 3705(list)s 4045(of)s 4306(sections)s 5116(when)s
5681(the)s 220 fnt35 6019 5222(@EndSections)m 240 fnt82 7515 5225(symbol)m
8264(is)s 8463(found.)s 220 fnt35 0 4934(@Section)m 240 fnt82
997 4937(itself)m 1542(is)s 1749(just)s 2151(a)s 2314(cop)s 2(y)k
2829(of)s 220 fnt35 3097 4934(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 4156 4937(with)m
4635(slight)s 5223(changes)s 6042(to)s 6278(the)s 6623(format.)s
7420(The)s 7845(parameter)s 8855(of)s 220 fnt35 0 4646(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k
240 fnt82 1752 4649(is)m 1970(a)s 2143(simple)s 2844(generalization)s
4262(of)s 4540(the)s 4896(one)s 5305(within)s 220 fnt35
5981 4646(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 6984 4649(.)m 7156(Notice)s 7856(that)s
8282(we)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 4361(tak)m 2(en)k
573(care)s 1026(that)s 1444(the)s 1792(v)s 6(alue)k
2360(of)s 2631(this)s 3027(parameter)s 4041(be)s 4323(a)s
4489(juxtaposition)s 5795(of)s 6066(simple)s 6759(w)s 2(ords:)k
7508(although)s 220 fnt35 480 3860({@ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }}.)k 13( &)k
480 3572({@SectionList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }})k 240 fnt82 0 3073(is)m
210(formally)s 1086(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent,)k 220 fnt35
2177 3070(&)m 240 fnt82 2379 3073(w)m 2(as)k 2800(not)s
3166(permitted)s 4139(within)s 4807(a)s 220 fnt35 4973 3070(@T)m 26(ag)k
240 fnt82 5596 3073(parameter)m 6610(until)s 7103(recently)s 15(.)k
480 2699(The)m 930(DocumentSetup)s 2548(package)s 3411(also)s 3872(contains)s
4743(de\207nitions)s 5826(for)s 6187(subsections)s 7364(in)s 7630(the)s
8001(same)s 8571(style.)s 0 2411(The)m 3(y)k 564(raise)s
1091(the)s 1461(question)s 2350(of)s 2643(whether)s 3494(Lout)s
4028(is)s 4259(capable)s 5066(of)s 5359(producing)s 6404(subsections)s
7580(should)s 8298(the)s 8668(user)s 0 2123(place)m 220 fnt35
542 2120(@BeginSections)m 240 fnt82 2159 2123(,)m 220 fnt35 2248 2120(@Section)m
240 fnt82 3188 2123(,)m 3276(and)s 220 fnt35 3662 2120(@EndSections)m
240 fnt82 5151 2123(within)m 5800(a)s 240 fnt83 5948 2125(section)m
240 fnt82 6619 2123(,)m 6708(and)s 7093(whether)s 7905(such)s
8382(nesting)s 0 1835(could)m 592(proceed)s 1409(to)s 1650(arbitrary)s
2527(depth.)s 3225(Arbitrary)s 4169(nesting)s 4915(of)s 5188(sections)s
6011(within)s 6681(sections)s 7504(is)s 7716(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
8627(no)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 0 1547(although)m 883(the)s
1218(numbering)s 2295(w)s 2(ould)k 2937(of)s 3195(course)s
3862(be)s 4131(wrong.)s 4894(The)s 5309(author)s 5967(has)s
6324(w)s 2(ork)k 2(ed)k 7083(out)s 7436(de\207nitions)s
8484(which)s 0 1259(pro)m 3(vide)k 773(correct)s 1484(numbering)s
2563(to)s 2790(arbitrary)s 3654(depth,)s 4282(with)s 4752(an)s
5024(arbitrary)s 5888(format)s 6573(for)s 6899(each)s 7383(le)s 6(v)k 3(el.)k
7991(These)s 8606(were)s 0 971(not)m 376(incorporated)s 1652(into)s
2087(DocumentSetup)s 3693(because)s 4516(the)s 4874(author)s 5555(considers)s
6520(sub-)s 6921(subsections)s 8085(to)s 8334(be)s 8627(poor)s
0 683(style,)m 558(and)s 962(he)s 1244(prefers)s 1957(separate)s
2795(names)s 3457(for)s 3795(the)s 4143(symbols)s 4992(at)s
5224(each)s 5719(le)s 6(v)k 3(el.)k 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 87 93
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.5.)m 454(Biblio)s 2(gr)k 3(aphies)k
240 fnt84 8831 13840(87)m 0 13203(4.5.)m 471(Bibliographies)s 240 fnt82
533 12726(The)m 953(\207rst)s 1376(step)s 1806(in)s 2041(the)s
2382(production)s 3468(of)s 3731(a)s 3889(bibliograph)s 1(y)k
5157(is)s 5359(to)s 5591(create)s 6208(a)s 6366(database)s
7237(of)s 7500(references)s 8523(based)s 0 12438(on)m 297(the)s
645(de\207nition)s 220 fnt35 480 11987(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ype @A)k 6(uthor @Title @Institution @Number @Pub)k 4(lisher)k
480 11699(       @Y)m 30(ear @Proceedings @Jour)k -5(nal @V)k 17(olume @P)k 8(ages @Comment)k
480 11123(def @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 10835(   named @T)m 26(ag)k 3270({ )s 11(T)k 26(A)k 6(G? })k
480 10547(   named @T)m 26(ype)k 3270({ )s 11(TYPE? })k 480 10259(   named @A)m 6(uthor)k
3270({ A)s 11(UTHOR? })k 480 9971(   named @Title)m 3270({ )s 11(TITLE? })k
480 9683(   named @Institution)m 3270({ INSTITUTION? })s 480 9395(   named @Number)m 3270({ NUMBER? })s 480 9107(   named @Pub)m 4(lisher)k
3270({ PUBLISHER? })s 480 8819(   named @Y)m 30(ear)k 3270({ )s 19(YEAR? })k
480 8531(   named @Proceedings)m 3270({ PR)s 4(OCEEDINGS? })k 480 8243(   named @Jour)m -5(nal)k
3270({ JOURNAL? })s 480 7955(   named @V)m 17(olume)k 3270({ )s 11(V)k 8(OLUME? })k
480 7667(   named @P)m 8(ages)k 3270({ P)s 26(A)k 6(GES? })k
480 7379(   named @Comment)m 3270({ @Null })s 480 7091({ @Null })m 240 fnt82 0 6597(F)m 3(or)k
389(e)s 3(xample,)k 1303(the)s 1651(database)s 2530(might)s
3148(contain)s 220 fnt35 480 6096({ @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 5808(     @T)m 26(ag { str)k -3(unk1979style })k
480 5520(     @T)m 26(ype { Book })k 480 5232(     @A)m 6(uthor { Str)k -3(unk, )k 8(William and )k 8(White)k 3(, E.)k 13( B)k 4(.)k 13( })k
480 4944(     @Title { )m 11(The Elements of Style })k 480 4656(     @Pub)m 4(lisher { MacMillan, third edition })k 480 4368(     @Y)m 30(ear { 1979 })k
480 4080(})m 480 3588({ @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 3300(     @T)m 26(ag { kingston92 })k
480 3012(     @T)m 26(ype { )k 11(T)k 26(echRepor)k -8(t })k
480 2724(     @A)m 6(uthor { Kingston, Jeffre)k 4(y H.)k 13( })k 480 2436(     @Title { Document F)m 6(or)k -5(matting with Lout \(Second Edition\) })k
480 2148(     @Number { 449 })m 480 1860(     @Institution { Basser Depar)m -8(tment of Computer)k 480 1572(Science F09, Univ)m 5(ersity of Sydne)k 4(y 2006, A)k 6(ustr)k 2(alia })k
480 1284(     @Y)m 30(ear { 1992 })k 480 996(})m 240 fnt82 0 502(Since)m
596(named)s 1301(parameters)s 2408(are)s 2764(optional,)s 3664(we)s
4008(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4519(one)s 4930(for)s
5277(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5862(concei)s 6(v)k 6(able)k
7057(type)s 7534(of)s 7814(attrib)s 4(ute,)k 8722(and)s
0 214(simply)m 702(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1252(out)s
1614(those)s 2172(that)s 2586(do)s 2876(not)s 3238(apply)s
3821(in)s 4060(an)s 3(y)k 4454(particular)s 5424(reference.)s
6472(W)s 19(e)k 6837(can)s 7223(print)s 7730(a)s
7893(reference)s 8832(by)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 88 94
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(88)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(using)m 572(the)s 220 fnt35
920 13202(@Open)m 240 fnt82 1726 13205(symbol)m 2486(to)s 2725(get)s
3077(at)s 3309(its)s 3585(attrib)s 4(utes:)k 220 fnt35
480 12704(@Ref)m 6(erence&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open)k 480 12416({  @A)m 6(uthor)k 11(,  {Slope @F)k 6(ont @Title}.)k 13(  @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 11(, @Y)k 30(ear)k 11(.)k 13(  })k
240 fnt82 0 11920(The)m 428(right)s 939(parameter)s 1953(of)s
220 fnt35 2224 11917(@Open)m 240 fnt82 3030 11920(may)m 3496(use)s
3871(the)s 4219(e)s 3(xported)k 5111(parameters)s 6209(of)s
6480(the)s 6828(left,)s 7252(and)s 7656(so)s 7922(the)s
8270(result)s 8860(is)s 480 11415(W)m 9(illiam)k 1313(Strunk)s
2012(and)s 2416(E.)s 2666(B.)s 2930(White,)s 240 fnt83
3681 11417(The)m 4093(Elements)s 5024(of)s 5305(Style)s 240 fnt82
5762 11415(.)m 5926(Macmillan,)s 7068(1979.)s 0 10916(Incidentally)m 15(,)k
1235(we)s 1573(are)s 1923(not)s 2292(limited)s 3029(to)s
3271(just)s 3679(one)s 4084(database)s 4966(of)s 5240(references;)s
6335(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 220 fnt35 7060 10913(@Database)m
240 fnt82 8277 10916(symbols)m 0 10628(can)m 380(nominate)s 1317(the)s
1656(same)s 2193(symbol,)s 2996(and)s 3391(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k
4523(of)s 4784(that)s 5193(symbol)s 5944(can)s 6324(appear)s
7011(in)s 7245(the)s 7584(document)s 8578(itself)s 0 10340(as)m
250(well)s 716(if)s 933(we)s 1268(wish.)s 480 9966(The)m
930(second)s 1675(step)s 2135(is)s 2368(to)s 2629(create)s
3276(a)s 3464(database)s 4366(of)s 4659(print)s 5192(styles)s
5809(for)s 6170(the)s 6540(v)s 6(arious)k 7311(types)s
7889(of)s 8183(reference)s 0 9678(\(Book,)m 706(T)s 16(echReport,)k
1926(etc.\),)s 2450(based)s 3053(on)s 3350(the)s 3698(follo)s 6(wing)k
4675(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt35 480 9177(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @Style)k
480 8889(def @RefStyle)m 480 8601(   left @T)m 26(ag)k 480 8313(   named @Style r)m -3(ight reftag {})k
480 8025({})m 240 fnt82 0 7531(Notice)m 682(that)s 1089(the)s
1426(named)s 2111(parameter)s 220 fnt35 3114 7528(@Style)m 240 fnt82
3865 7531(has)m 4224(a)s 4379(right)s 4879(parameter)s 220 fnt35
5882 7528(reftag)m 240 fnt82 6431 7531(.)m 6584(The)s 7001(style)s
7497(database)s 8365(has)s 8724(one)s 0 7243(entry)m 545(for)s
883(each)s 1378(type)s 1846(of)s 2117(reference:)s 220 fnt35
480 6742({ Book @RefStyle @Style)m 480 6454(  {  @Ref)m 6(erence&&reftag @Open)k 480 6166(     { @A)m 6(uthor)k 11(,  {Slope @F)k 6(ont @Title}.)k 13(  @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 11(, @Y)k 30(ear)k 11(.)k 13(  @Comment })k
480 5878(  })m 480 5590(})m 480 5014({ )m 11(T)k 26(echRepor)k -8(t @RefStyle @Style)k
480 4726(  {  @Ref)m 6(erence&&reftag @Open)k 480 4438(     { @A)m 6(uthor)k 11(,  {Slope @F)k 6(ont @Title}.)k 13(  )k 11(T)k 26(ech.)k 13( Rep)k 7(.)k 13( @Number \(@Y)k 30(ear\),)k
480 4150(@Institution.)m 13(  @Comment })k 480 3862(  })m 480 3574(})m 240 fnt82
0 3080(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 1074(The)s 1502(follo)s 6(wing)k
2479(prints)s 3074(the)s 3422(reference)s 4365(whose)s 5033(tag)s
5378(is)s 220 fnt35 5588 3077(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82
7180 3080(in)m 7423(the)s 7771(Book)s 8352(style:)s 220 fnt35
480 2579(@RefStyle&&Book @Open { @Style str)m -3(unk1979style })k 240 fnt82 0 2081(It)m 205(has)s
575(result)s 480 1626(W)m 9(illiam)k 1313(Strunk)s 2012(and)s
2416(E.)s 2666(B.)s 2930(White.)s 240 fnt83 3678 1628(The)m
4090(Elements)s 5021(of)s 5302(Style)s 240 fnt82 5759 1626(.)m
5923(Macmillan)s 6955(.)s 7119(Third)s 7708(Edition)s 8409(,)s
8516(1979)s 8987(.)s 0 1127(Notice)m 696(ho)s 6(w)k
1160(the)s 220 fnt35 1512 1124(@Style)m 240 fnt82 2277 1127(parameter)m
3295(of)s 220 fnt35 3569 1124(@RefStyle)m 240 fnt82 4675 1127(is)m
4889(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5472(the)s 5824(parameter)s
220 fnt35 6841 1124(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82 8373 1127(,)m
8484(which)s 0 839(it)m 192(uses)s 655(to)s 894(open)s
1417(the)s 1765(appropriate)s 2909(reference.)s 480 465(W)m 19(e)k
858(can)s 1256(consult)s 2017(the)s 220 fnt35 2374 462(@T)m 26(ype)k
240 fnt82 3121 465(attrib)m 4(ute)k 3977(of)s 4258(a)s
4433(reference)s 5386(to)s 5634(\207nd)s 6075(out)s 6450(its)s
6736(style,)s 7303(which)s 7955(brings)s 8613(us)s 8887(to)s
0 177(the)m 348(follo)s 6(wing)k 1325(de\207nition)s 2299(for)s
2637(printing)s 3447(out)s 3813(a)s 3979(reference)s 4922(in)s
5165(the)s 5513(style)s 6020(appropriate)s 7164(to)s 7403(it:)s

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 89 95
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.5.)m 454(Biblio)s 2(gr)k 3(aphies)k
240 fnt84 8832 13840(89)m 220 fnt35 480 13207(def @RefPr)m -3(int)k
480 12919(   r)m -3(ight reftag)k 480 12631({  @RefStyle&&{ @Ref)m 6(erence&&reftag @Open { @T)k 26(ype } })k
480 12343(   @Open { @Style reftag })m 480 12055(})m 240 fnt82 0 11561(F)m 3(or)k
389(e)s 3(xample,)k 1303(to)s 1542(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k
220 fnt35 2382 11558(@RefPr)m -3(int str)k -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82
4992 11561(,)m 5099(Lout)s 5611(\207rst)s 6042(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k
220 fnt35 480 11060(@Ref)m 6(erence&&str)k -3(unk1979style  @Open  { @T)k 26(ype })k
240 fnt82 0 10562(whose)m 668(result)s 1258(is)s 220 fnt35
1468 10559(Book)m 240 fnt82 1968 10562(,)m 2075(and)s 2479(then)s
2948(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 220 fnt35 480 10080(@RefStyle&&Book @Open { @Style str)m -3(unk1979style })k
240 fnt82 0 9582(as)m 266(before.)s 1056(Complicated)s 2353(as)s
2619(this)s 3032(is,)s 3314(with)s 3813(its)s 4105(tw)s 2(o)k
4531(databases)s 5515(and)s 5935(cle)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
6586(passing)s 7373(about)s 7982(of)s 8269(tags,)s 8778(the)s
0 9294(adv)m 6(antages)k 1098(of)s 1359(separating)s 2384(references)s
3405(from)s 3919(printing)s 4718(styles)s 5303(are)s 5640(considerable:)s
7004(printing)s 7804(styles)s 8389(may)s 8844(be)s 0 9006(changed)m
856(easily)s 15(,)k 1505(and)s 1909(non-e)s 3(xpert)k
3002(users)s 3544(need)s 4054(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
4636(see)s 4997(them.)s 480 8632(Finally)m 15(,)k 1243(we)s
1571(come)s 2138(to)s 2370(the)s 2711(problem)s 3561(of)s
3825(printing)s 4628(out)s 4987(a)s 5146(numbered)s 6154(list)s
6498(of)s 6762(references,)s 7842(and)s 8239(referring)s 0 8344(to)m
251(them)s 802(by)s 1108(number)s 1912(in)s 2167(the)s
2528(body)s 3074(of)s 3358(the)s 3718(document.)s 4839(The)s
5279(\207rst)s 5723(step)s 6173(is)s 6396(to)s 6647(create)s
7285(a)s 7463(numbered)s 8491(list)s 8855(of)s 0 8056(places)m
648(that)s 1066(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1790(containing)s
2853(references)s 3884(may)s 4350(attach)s 4977(to:)s 220 fnt35
480 7555(def @Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 480 7267(    named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 6979(    named @Title { Ref)m 6(erences })k
480 6691(    named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 6403(    named style r)m -3(ight tag { tag.)k 13( })k 480 6115(    named headstyle r)m -3(ight @Title { @Heading @Title })k
480 5827(    named indent { @DispIndent })m 480 5539(    named gap { @DispGap })m 480 5251(    named star)m -8(t { 1 })k 480 4963({)m
480 4675(    def @RefList r)m -3(ight n)k 2(um)k 480 4387(    {)m 480 4099(        @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er n)k 2(um  &  indent @Wide {style n)k 2(um}  |  @RefPlace)k
480 3811(        //gap @RefList @Ne)m 6(xt n)k 2(um)k 480 3523(    })m 480 2947(        @Protect headstyle @Title)m
480 2659(    //  @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k
480 2371(    //  @Title @MajorContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 2083(    //  @Runner)m
480 1795(            @F)m 6(ootEv)k 5(en { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 1507(            @F)m 6(ootOdd  { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 1219(    //@DispGap  @RefList star)m -8(t)k 480 931(    //  @Runner)m 480 643(            @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en { @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k
480 355(            @T)m 26(opOdd  { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1r)k -8(t @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 67(})m

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 90 96
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(90)m 240 fnt83 7017 13843(Chapter)m 7867(4.)s
8141(Examples)s 240 fnt82 0 13205(W)m 19(e)k 378(place)s
948(the)s 1305(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt35 2392 13202(@Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k
240 fnt82 4408 13205(at)m 4649(the)s 5007(point)s 5569(where)s
6218(we)s 6563(w)s 2(ant)k 7096(the)s 7453(list)s
7814(of)s 8095(references)s 0 12917(to)m 239(appear;)s 988(its)s
1264(v)s 6(alue)k 1832(is)s 2042(something)s 3092(lik)s 2(e)k
220 fnt35 480 12416(1.)m 13(   @RefPlace)k 480 12128(2.)m 13(   @RefPlace)k
480 11840(3.)m 13(   @RefPlace)k 480 11552(...)m 240 fnt82 0 11101(where)m
220 fnt35 648 11098(@RefPlace)m 240 fnt82 1820 11101(is)m 220 fnt35
2038 11098(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt82 2945 11101(as)m 3203(usual.)s
3880(W)s 19(e)k 4258(can)s 4655(scatter)s 5345(multiple)s
6205(lists)s 6649(of)s 6928(references)s 7967(through)s 8778(the)s
0 10813(document)m 1004(if)s 1221(we)s 1555(wish)s 2064(\(at)s
2375(the)s 2722(end)s 3126(of)s 3397(each)s 3891(chapter)s 9(,)k
4692(for)s 5030(e)s 3(xample\),)k 6022(simply)s 6727(by)s
7021(placing)s 220 fnt35 7777 10810(@Ref)m 6(erence)k 240 fnt82
8998 10813(-)m 220 fnt35 0 10522(Section)m 240 fnt82 777 10525(at)m
1009(each)s 1504(point.)s 480 10151(Our)m 912(task)s 1358(is)s
1568(completed)s 2622(by)s 2916(the)s 3264(follo)s 6(wing)k
4241(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt35 480 9650(def @Ref r)m -3(ight x)k 480 9362({)m
480 9074(    def sendref into { @RefPlace&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k 480 8786(        r)m -3(ight @K)k 8(e)k 4(y)k
480 8498(    {)m 480 8210(        @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x  &)k
480 7922(        @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x  &)k
480 7634(        @RefPr)m -3(int x)k 480 7346(    })m 480 6770(    @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag } sendref x)k
480 6482(})m 240 fnt82 0 5988(Gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k
633(this)s 1029(de\207nition,)s 2053(the)s 2401(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
220 fnt35 3455 5985(@Ref str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82 5672 5988(has)m
6042(result)s 220 fnt35 480 5489(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k
240 fnt82 0 4990(plus)m 450(the)s 798(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
220 fnt35 1432 4987(sendref str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82 3757 4990(.)m
3921(W)s 19(e)k 4290(\207rst)s 4721(follo)s 6(w)k
5393(what)s 5918(happens)s 6754(to)s 6993(the)s 7341(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k
480 4616(According)m 1555(to)s 1806(its)s 220 fnt35 2094 4613(into)m
240 fnt82 2512 4616(clause,)m 3229(the)s 3589(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
4235(will)s 4673(replace)s 5430(a)s 220 fnt35 5609 4613(@RefPlace)m
240 fnt82 6785 4616(in)m 7040(the)s 7400(nearest)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k
220 fnt35 0 4325(@Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 240 fnt82 1946 4328(.)m
2114(If)s 2348(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 2928(such)s
3428(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4066(is)s 4280(a)s
4450(sorted)s 5096(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5734(whose)s
6406(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 6805(is)s 7019(the)s
7371(reference')s 13(s)k 8472(tag,)s 8876(as)s 0 4040(this)m
396(one)s 798(is,)s 1064(the)s 3(y)k 1527(will)s
1953(appear)s 2650(sorted)s 3292(by)s 3586(tag.)s 4042(The)s
4470(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k 5260(object)s
5904(is)s 220 fnt35 480 3539(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged str)k -3(unk1979style  &)k
480 3251(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged str)k -3(unk1979style  &)k
480 2963(@RefPr)m -3(int str)k -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82 0 2465(The)m
428(result)s 1017(of)s 1287(the)s 220 fnt35 1634 2462(@T)m 26(agged)k
240 fnt82 2622 2465(symbol)m 3381(is)s 3590(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k
220 fnt35 4300 2462(@Null)m 240 fnt82 4885 2465(,)m 4991(so)s
5256(this)s 5651(prints)s 6245(the)s 220 fnt35 6592 2462(str)m -3(unk1979style)k
240 fnt82 8183 2465(reference)m 0 2177(in)m 243(the)s 591(appropriate)s
1735(style)s 2242(at)s 2474(the)s 220 fnt35 2822 2174(@RefPlace)m
240 fnt82 3926 2177(,)m 4033(as)s 4283(desired.)s 480 1803(No)m 6(w)k
220 fnt35 1043 1800(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding)k 240 fnt82
4081 1803(is)m 4341(the)s 4739(nearest)s 5524(preceding)s 6570(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
7674(of)s 220 fnt35 7995 1800(@Number)m 240 fnt82 8998 1803(-)m
220 fnt35 0 1512(Mar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt82
775 1515(in)m 1051(the)s 1432(\207nal)s 1946(document.)s 3087(This)s
3596(must)s 4155(be)s 4470(the)s 4851(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
5939(of)s 220 fnt35 6243 1512(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k
240 fnt82 8021 1515(just)m 8460(before)s 0 1227(the)m 220 fnt35
378 1224(@RefPlace)m 240 fnt82 1572 1227(that)m 2020(recei)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k
2908(the)s 3286(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k
3988(and)s 4423(so)s 4719(this)s 5145(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
6229(of)s 220 fnt35 6530 1224(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k
240 fnt82 8305 1227(is)m 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
220 fnt35 0 936(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82 1585 939(as)m
1827(an)s 2102(additional)s 3105(tag)s 3442(by)s 3728(the)s
220 fnt35 4068 936(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt82 5050 939(symbol.)m
5911(Its)s 6192(original)s 6982(tag)s 7319(w)s 2(as)k
7732(the)s 8072(number)s 8855(of)s 0 651(the)m 348(reference)s
1291(place,)s 1902(which)s 2544(means)s 3206(that)s 220 fnt35
480 150(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 91 97
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(4.5.)m 454(Biblio)s 2(gr)k 3(aphies)k
240 fnt84 8839 13840(91)m 240 fnt82 0 13205(has)m 370(for)s
708(its)s 984(result)s 1574(the)s 1922(number)s 2713(of)s
2984(the)s 3332(reference)s 4275(place)s 4835(that)s 5253(recei)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k
6111(the)s 220 fnt35 6459 13202(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82
8051 13205(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 8722(and)s
0 12917(this)m 396(is)s 606(the)s 954(desired)s 1702(result)s
2292(of)s 220 fnt35 2563 12914(@Ref str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82
4720 12917(.)m 480 12543(It)m 674(might)s 1281(seem)s 1821(that)s
2228(if)s 2434(we)s 2758(refer)s 3256(to)s 3483(the)s
220 fnt35 3820 12540(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt82 5401 12543(reference)m
6333(twice,)s 6946(tw)s 2(o)k 7345(copies)s 7996(will)s
8411(be)s 8681(sent)s 0 12255(to)m 247(the)s 603(reference)s
1554(list)s 1914(and)s 2326(it)s 2526(will)s 2961(appear)s
3666(twice.)s 4355(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
5324(when)s 5908(more)s 6463(than)s 6941(one)s 7351(sorted)s
8001(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8644(with)s 0 11967(the)m
341(same)s 881(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 1269(is)s
1472(sent)s 1910(to)s 2142(the)s 2483(same)s 3023(place,)s
3627(only)s 4100(one)s 4495(of)s 4759(them)s 5290(is)s
5493(printed)s 6221(\(Section)s 7067(1.4\);)s 7551(so)s 7810(pro)s 3(vided)k
8708(that)s 0 11679(sorted)m 642(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k
1366(are)s 1713(used)s 2210(there)s 2743(is)s 2953(no)s
3246(problem.)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 92 98
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
480 fnt84 0 12955(Refer)m 8(ences)k 240 fnt82 0 12358([1])m
480(Adobe)s 1182(Systems,)s 2094(Inc..)s 240 fnt83 2631 12360(P)m 19(ostScript)k
3680(Langua)s 2(g)k 2(e)k 4696(Refer)s 8(ence)k
5704(Manual,)s 6550(Second)s 7316(Edition)s 240 fnt82 8014 12358(.)m
8186(Addison-)s 480 12070(W)m 19(esle)k 3(y)k 1169(,)s
1276(1990)s 1751(.)s 0 11567([2])m 480(Brian)s 1132(W)s 22(.)k
1504(K)s 6(ernighan)k 2630(and)s 3098(Lorinda)s 3980(L.)s
4294(Cherry)s 15(.)k 5172(A)s 5466(system)s 6255(for)s
6657(typesetting)s 7824(mathematics)s 9022(.)s 240 fnt83 480 11281(Communications)m
2158(of)s 2439(the)s 2784(A)s 7(CM)k 240 fnt84
3351 11278(18)m 240 fnt82 3585 11279(,)m 3692(182\211193)s 4576(\(1975\))s
5203(.)s 0 10778([3])m 480(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k
1177(H.)s 1443(Kingston.)s 240 fnt83 2475 10780(The)m 2876(Basser)s
3581(Lout)s 4074(Document)s 5111(F)s 25(ormatting)k 6219(System)s
6929(\(V)s 26(er)k 2(sion)k 7767(3\))s 240 fnt82
7956 10778(.)m 8109(Computer)s 480 10490(program)m 1290(,)s 1408(1995)s
1874(.)s 2050(Publicly)s 2913(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
3833(in)s 4088(the)s 240 fnt83 4448 10492(jef)m 4(f)k
240 fnt82 4855 10490(subdirectory)m 6116(of)s 6399(the)s 6759(home)s
7359(directory)s 8287(of)s 240 fnt83 8570 10492(ftp)m 240 fnt82
8887 10490(to)m 480 10202(host)m 240 fnt83 950 10204(ftp.cs.su.oz.au)m 240 fnt82
2373 10202(with)m 2866(login)s 3427(name)s 240 fnt83 4012 10204(anonymous)m
240 fnt82 5171 10202(or)m 240 fnt83 5442 10204(ftp)m 240 fnt82
5758 10202(and)m 6174(an)s 3(y)k 6582(non-empty)s 7685(passw)s 2(ord)k
8657(\(e.g.)s 240 fnt83 480 9916(none)m 240 fnt82 939 9914(\).)m
1175(Lout)s 1680(distrib)s 4(utions)k 2914(are)s 3254(also)s
3685(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 4585(from)s 5102(the)s
240 fnt83 5443 9916(comp.sour)m 8(ces.misc)k 240 fnt82 7291 9914(ne)m 6(wsgroup,)k
8436(and)s 8832(by)s 480 9626(electronic)m 1474(mail)s 1953(from)s
2477(the)s 2825(author)s 13(.)k 3587(All)s 3947(enquiries)s
4874(to)s 240 fnt83 5113 9628(jef)m 4(f@cs.su.oz.au)k 240 fnt82
6672 9626(.)m 0 9121([4])m 480(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k
1187(H.)s 1463(Kingston.)s 240 fnt83 2504 9123(A)m 2698(User')s 9(s)k
3380(Guide)s 4017(to)s 4255(the)s 4599(Lout)s 5101(Document)s
6148(F)s 25(ormatting)k 7266(System)s 7985(\(V)s 26(er)k 2(sion)k
8833(3\))s 240 fnt82 9022 9121(.)m 480 8833(Basser)m 1177(Department)s
2365(of)s 2636(Computer)s 3653(Science)s 4392(,)s 4499(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k
5553(of)s 5824(Sydne)s 3(y)k 6534(,)s 6641(1995)s
7107(.)s 0 8328([5])m 480(Donald)s 1243(E.)s 1493(Knuth.)s
240 fnt83 2256 8330(The)m 2668(T)s 2764 8282(E)m 2872 8330(X)m
3028(Book)s 240 fnt82 3524 8328(.)m 3688(Addison-W)s 19(esle)k 3(y)k
5268(,)s 5375(1984)s 5849(.)s 0 7823([6])m 480(Brian)s
1048(K.)s 1305(Reid.)s 1900(A)s 2110(High-)s 2657(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k
3227(Approach)s 4207(to)s 4426(Computer)s 5423(Document)s 6459(Production)s
7506(.)s 7650(In)s 240 fnt83 7885 7825(Pr)m 10(oceedings)k
480 7537(of)m 745(the)s 1073(7th)s 1417(Symposium)s 2548(on)s
2825(the)s 3153(Principles)s 4174(of)s 4438(Pr)s 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(amming)k
5804(Langua)s 2(g)k 2(es)k 6891(\(POPL\),)s 7723(Las)s
8107(V)s 26(e)k 9(gas)k 8695(NV)s 240 fnt82
9019 7535(,)m 480 7247(pages)m 1076(24\21131)s 1651(,)s 1758(1980)s
2233(.)s 0 6742([7])m 480(W)s 9(illiam)k 1313(Strunk)s
2012(and)s 2416(E.)s 2666(B.)s 2930(White.)s 240 fnt83
3678 6744(The)m 4090(Elements)s 5021(of)s 5302(Style)s 240 fnt82
5759 6742(.)m 5923(Macmillan)s 6955(.)s 7119(Third)s 7708(Edition)s
8409(,)s 8516(1979)s 8987(.)s 192 fnt84 4439 2(92)m

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 93 99
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
%%+ font Times-Italic
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
480 fnt84 0 12962(Index)m 220 fnt35 0 12365(adjust)m 641(@Break)s
240 fnt82 1444 12368(,)m 1551(42)s 0 12080(Adjustment)m 1176(of)s
1447(object)s 2038(,)s 2145(49)s 0 11792(Adobe)m 695(Systems,)s
1599(Inc.)s 1955(,)s 2062(41)s 0 11504(Alignment)m 240 fnt83
1083 11506(see)m 240 fnt82 1441 11504(mark)m 1993(alignment)s 0 11216(Associati)m 6(vity)k
1256(,)s 1363(22)s 220 fnt35 0 10637(b)m 240 fnt82
174 10640(unit)m 553(,)s 660(37)s 240 10352(use)m 615(in)s
220 fnt35 858 10349(//1.1b)m 240 fnt82 1406 10352(,)m 1513(27)s
220 fnt35 0 10061(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt82 1145 10064(symbol)m
1852(,)s 1959(68)s 220 fnt35 0 9773(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k
240 fnt82 1436 9776(symbol)m 2143(,)s 2250(53)s 220 fnt35
0 9485(@Begin)m 240 fnt82 829 9488(symbol)m 1536(,)s 1643(36)s
220 fnt35 0 9197(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82 2692 9200(symbol)m 3399(,)s
3506(59)s 0 8912(Bibliographies)m 1406(,)s 1513(87)s 0 8624(Body)m
574(of)s 845(a)s 1011(de\207nition)s 1932(,)s 2039(4)s
220 fnt35 0 8333(body)m 240 fnt82 534 8336(parameter)m 1495(,)s
1602(17)s 0 8048(Braces)m 648(,)s 755(3)s 220 fnt35
0 7469(c)m 240 fnt82 165 7472(unit)m 544(,)s 651(37)s
220 fnt35 0 7181(@Case)m 240 fnt82 787 7184(symbol)m 1494(,)s
1601(56)s 0 6896(Centring)m 837(,)s 944(37)s 220 fnt35
0 6605(@Chapter)m 240 fnt82 1063 6608(e)m 3(xample)k 1873(,)s
1980(83)s 0 6320(Chapters)m 901(and)s 1305(sections)s 2073(,)s
2180(82)s 220 fnt35 0 6029(@Char)m 240 fnt82 758 6032(symbol)m
1465(,)s 1572(41)s 0 5744(Cherry)m 15(,)k 756(L.)s
953(,)s 1060(71)s 220 fnt35 0 5453(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82
2655 5456(symbol)m 3362(,)s 3469(60)s 220 fnt35 0 5165(clines)m
613(@Break)s 240 fnt82 1416 5168(,)m 1523(42)s 220 fnt35
0 4877(@ColList)m 240 fnt82 948 4880(e)m 3(xample)k 1758(,)s
1865(79)s 0 4592(Column)m 829(mark)s 1328(,)s 1435(1)s
0 4304(Comment)m 951(,)s 1058(15)s 0 4016(Comment)m 1004(character)s
1885(,)s 1992(13)s 220 fnt35 0 3725(@Common)m 240 fnt82
1159 3728(symbol)m 1866(,)s 1973(54)s 0 3440(Components)m 1262(of)s
1533(a)s 1699(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2280(,)s
2387(26)s 240 3152(promotion)m 1294(of)s 1512(,)s 1619(29)s
0 2864(Concatenation)m 1439(symbols)s 2235(,)s 2342(36)s 0 2576(Contraction)m
1186(of)s 1457(object)s 2048(,)s 2155(49)s 220 fnt35
0 2285(cr)m 2(agged)k 839(@Break)s 240 fnt82 1642 2288(,)m
1749(42)s 0 2000(Cross)m 596(reference)s 1486(,)s 1593(7)s
220 fnt35 0 1709(@CurrLang)m 240 fnt82 1185 1712(symbol)m 1892(,)s
1999(46)s 220 fnt35 0 1133(d)m 240 fnt82 170 1136(unit)m
549(,)s 656(37)s 220 fnt35 0 845(@Database)m 240 fnt82
1214 848(symbol)m 1921(,)s 2028(62)s 4816 12365(Date,)m 5374(printing)s
6184(of)s 6455(current)s 7138(,)s 7245(57)s 4816 12077(Def)m 2(ault)k
5590(v)s 6(alue)k 6158(of)s 6429(parameter)s 7390(,)s
7497(15)s 4816 11789(De\207nitions)m 5877(,)s 5984(4)s 4816 11501(Delimiter)m
5737(,)s 5844(13)s 4816 11213(Diag)m 5334(diagram-dra)s 3(wing)k
7030(package)s 7817(,)s 7924(66)s 4816 10925(Diagrams)m 5743(,)s
5850(63)s 4816 10637(DocumentLayout)m 6551(package)s 7338(,)s 7445(73)s
5056 10349(chapters)m 5903(and)s 6307(sections)s 7075(,)s 7182(82)s
5056 10061(displays)m 5838(,)s 5945(74)s 5056 9773(lists)m 5438(,)s
5545(75)s 5056 9485(page)m 5564(layout)s 6169(,)s 6276(77)s
5056 9197(paragraphs)m 6103(,)s 6210(73)s 220 fnt35 4816 8618(e)m
240 fnt82 4990 8621(g)m 1(ap)k 5388(mode)s 5923(,)s
6030(37)s 4816 8333(Edge-to-edge)m 6160(g)s 1(ap)k 6558(mode)s
7093(,)s 7200(37)s 220 fnt35 4816 8042(@Enclose)m 240 fnt82
5818 8045(,)m 5925(31)s 220 fnt35 4816 7754(@End)m 240 fnt82
5477 7757(symbol)m 6184(,)s 6291(36)s 220 fnt35 4816 7466(@EndHeaderComponent)m
240 fnt82 7338 7469(symbol)m 8045(,)s 8152(59)s 4816 7181(Eq)m
5140(equation)s 6021(formatting)s 7082(package)s 7869(,)s 7976(71)s
220 fnt35 4816 6890(@Eq)m 240 fnt82 5354 6893(e)m 3(xample)k
6164(,)s 6271(71)s 4816 6605(Escape)m 5549(character)s 6430(,)s
6537(13)s 220 fnt35 4816 6314(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k
240 fnt82 6435 6317(e)m 3(xample)k 7245(,)s 7352(81)s
4816 6029(Expansion)m 5884(of)s 6155(object)s 6746(,)s 6853(48)s
220 fnt35 4816 5738(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt82
5484 5741(clause)m 6084(,)s 6191(18)s 220 fnt35 4816 5162(f)m
240 fnt82 4934 5165(unit)m 5313(,)s 5420(37)s 4816 4877(F)m 3(ace)k
5320(of)s 5591(a)s 5757(font)s 6149(,)s 6256(40)s
4816 4589(F)m 3(amily)k 5544(of)s 5815(a)s 5981(font)s
6373(,)s 6480(40)s 220 fnt35 4816 4298(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 5653 4301(,)m 5760(8)s 220 fnt35 4816 4010(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k
240 fnt82 5653 4013(,)m 5760(8)s 4816 3725(F)m 3(onts)k
5343(,)s 5450(40)s 220 fnt35 4816 3434(f)m 6(ontdef)k
240 fnt82 5485 3437(,)m 5592(41)s 220 fnt35 4816 3146(@F)m 6(ont)k
240 fnt82 5528 3149(symbol)m 6235(,)s 6342(40)s 220 fnt35
4816 2858(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt82 5967 2861(e)m 3(xample)k
6777(,)s 6884(78)s 4816 2573(F)m 3(orcing)k 5610(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
6191(,)s 6298(29)s 4816 2285(F)m 3(ormfeed)k 5747(,)s
5854(13)s 4816 1709(Galle)m 3(ys)k 5541(,)s 5648(10)s
5056 1421(in)m 5299(detail)s 5831(,)s 5938(25)s 220 fnt35
4816 1130(@Galle)m 4(y)k 5654(@F)s 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k
240 fnt82 7107 1133(symbol)m 7814(,)s 7921(58)s 8155(,)s
4816 845(Gap)m 5215(,)s 5322(37)s 192 fnt84 4440 2(93)m

grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 94 100
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(94)m 240 fnt83 8539 13843(Inde)m 4(x)k
240 fnt82 0 13249(Gap)m 452(mode)s 987(,)s 1094(37)s
220 fnt35 0 12958(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 1044 12961(symbol)m
1751(,)s 1858(63)s 220 fnt35 0 12382(h)m 240 fnt82
168 12385(g)m 1(ap)k 566(mode)s 1101(,)s 1208(37)s
220 fnt35 0 12094(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt82 1046 12097(symbol)m 1753(,)s
1860(49)s 220 fnt35 0 11806(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt82
1264 11809(symbol)m 1971(,)s 2078(49)s 220 fnt35 0 11518(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k
240 fnt82 1018 11521(symbol)m 1725(,)s 1832(50)s 0 11233(Header)m
750(component)s 1874(of)s 2145(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
2726(,)s 2833(58)s 0 10945(Height)m 711(of)s 982(an)s
1265(object)s 1856(,)s 1963(24)s 220 fnt35 0 10654(@HExpand)m
240 fnt82 1173 10657(symbol)m 1880(,)s 1987(48)s 220 fnt35
0 10366(@High)m 240 fnt82 719 10369(symbol)m 1426(,)s 1533(48)s
220 fnt35 0 10078(@HLimited)m 240 fnt82 1135 10081(symbol)m 1842(,)s
1949(49)s 220 fnt35 0 9790(@Hline)m 240 fnt82 773 9793(e)m 3(xample)k
1583(,)s 1690(73)s 0 9505(Horizontal)m 1077(concatenation)s 2409(,)s
2516(36)s 220 fnt35 0 9214(@HScale)m 240 fnt82 981 9217(symbol)m
1688(,)s 1795(50)s 220 fnt35 0 8926(@HShift)m 240 fnt82
875 8929(symbol)m 1582(,)s 1689(48)s 220 fnt35 0 8638(@HSpan)m
240 fnt82 939 8641(symbol)m 1646(,)s 1753(51)s 220 fnt35
0 8350(h)m 6(yphen)k 760(@Break)s 240 fnt82 1563 8353(,)m
1670(43)s 0 8065(Hyphenation)m 1294(g)s 1(ap)k 1692(mode)s
2227(,)s 2334(39)s 0 7777(Hyphenation)m 1294(g)s 1(ap)k
1692(mode)s 2227(,)s 2334(37)s 0 7201(Identi\207er)m 882(,)s
989(13)s 220 fnt35 0 6910(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82
673 6913(clause)m 1273(,)s 1380(18)s 0 6625(In-paragraph)m 1291(concatenation)s
2623(,)s 2730(37)s 220 fnt35 0 6334(@Include)m 240 fnt82
982 6337(symbol)m 1689(,)s 1796(68)s 220 fnt35 0 6046(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt82 1751 6049(symbol)m 2458(,)s 2565(67)s 220 fnt35
0 5758(@IndentedDispla)m 6(y)k 240 fnt82 1847 5761(e)m 3(xample)k
2657(,)s 2764(74)s 220 fnt35 0 5470(@IndentedList)m 240 fnt82
1474 5473(e)m 3(xample)k 2284(,)s 2391(75)s 0 5185(Inde)m 3(x)k
597(\207le)s 958(\(for)s 1375(databases\))s 2366(,)s 2473(63)s
220 fnt35 0 4894(@Inser)m -8(t)k 240 fnt82 836 4897(symbol)m
1543(,)s 1650(54)s 220 fnt35 0 4606(into)m 240 fnt82
406 4609(clause)m 1006(,)s 1113(10)s 0 4321(In)m 9(v)k 4(ocation)k
1067(of)s 1338(a)s 1504(symbol)s 2211(,)s 2318(4)s
220 fnt35 0 3454(k)m 240 fnt82 170 3457(g)m 1(ap)k
568(mode)s 1103(,)s 1210(37)s 0 3169(K)m 6(ernighan,)k
1111(B.)s 1322(,)s 1429(71)s 0 2881(K)m 6(erning)k
778(,)s 885(40)s 0 2593(K)m 6(erning)k 831(g)s 1(ap)k
1229(mode)s 1764(,)s 1871(37)s 220 fnt35 0 2302(@K)m 8(er)k -5(nShr)k -3(ink)k
240 fnt82 1367 2305(symbol)m 2074(,)s 2181(53)s 220 fnt35
0 2014(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k 240 fnt82 647 2017(parameter)m
1608(,)s 1715(32)s 0 1729(Knuth,)m 706(D.)s 930(,)s
1037(73)s 220 fnt35 0 1150(langdef)m 240 fnt82 776 1153(language)m
1696(de\207nition)s 2617(,)s 2724(46)s 220 fnt35 0 862(@Language)m
240 fnt82 1251 865(symbol)m 1958(,)s 2065(46)s 220 fnt35
0 574(@LClos)m 240 fnt82 836 577(symbol)m 1543(,)s 1650(14)s
0 289(LCM)m 573(\207le)s 881(,)s 988(41)s 4816 13249(Length)m
5498(,)s 5605(37)s 220 fnt35 4816 12958(@LEn)m 4(v)k
240 fnt82 5594 12961(symbol)m 6301(,)s 6408(14)s 4816 12673(Letter)m
5445(character)s 6326(,)s 6433(13)s 4816 12385(Lig)m 1(atures)k
5715(,)s 5822(40)s 220 fnt35 4816 12094(lines)m 5319(@Break)s
240 fnt82 6122 12097(,)m 6229(42)s 220 fnt35 4816 11806(@LInput)m
240 fnt82 5705 11809(symbol)m 6412(,)s 6519(14)s 4816 11521(Literal)m
5506(w)s 2(ord)k 6001(,)s 6108(14)s 220 fnt35
4816 11230(@LUse)m 240 fnt82 5603 11233(symbol)m 6310(,)s 6417(14)s
220 fnt35 4816 10942(@L)m 24(Vis)k 240 fnt82 5494 10945(symbol)m
6201(,)s 6308(14)s 220 fnt35 4816 10366(m)m 240 fnt82
5045 10369(unit)m 5424(,)s 5531(37)s 4816 10081(Macro)m 5440(,)s
5547(15)s 4816 9793(Mark)m 5395(alignment)s 6358(,)s 6465(1)s
5056 9505(in)m 5299(detail)s 5831(,)s 5938(28)s 4816 9217(Mark-to-mark)m
6230(g)s 1(ap)k 6628(mode)s 7163(,)s 7270(37)s
220 fnt35 4816 8926(@Meld)m 240 fnt82 5562 8929(symbol)m 6269(,)s
6376(54)s 220 fnt35 4816 8638(@Merge)m 240 fnt82 5713 8641(symbol)m
6420(,)s 6527(33)s 220 fnt35 4816 8350(@Moment)m 240 fnt82
5888 8353(symbol)m 6595(,)s 6702(57)s 220 fnt35 4816 7774(named)m
240 fnt82 5535 7777(parameter)m 6496(,)s 6603(15)s 4816 7489(Nested)m
5538(de\207nitions)s 6546(,)s 6653(17)s 220 fnt35 4816 7198(@Ne)m 6(xt)k
240 fnt82 5540 7201(symbol)m 6247(,)s 6354(56)s 220 fnt35
4816 6910(noh)m 6(yphen)k 5820(@Break)s 240 fnt82 6623 6913(,)m
6730(43)s 220 fnt35 4816 6622(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k
240 fnt82 6343 6625(symbol)m 7050(,)s 7157(60)s 220 fnt35
4816 6334(@Null)m 240 fnt82 5461 6337(symbol)m 6168(,)s 6275(58)s
4816 6049(Numbered)m 5884(list)s 6182(,)s 6289(75)s 220 fnt35
4816 5758(@NumberOf)m 240 fnt82 6108 5761(e)m 3(xample)k 6918(,)s
7025(82)s 220 fnt35 4816 5182(o)m 240 fnt82 4991 5185(g)m 1(ap)k
5389(mode)s 5924(,)s 6031(37)s 4816 4897(Object)m 5460(,)s
5567(1)s 220 fnt35 4816 4606(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt82
6355 4609(e)m 3(xample)k 7165(,)s 7272(81)s 220 fnt35
4816 4318(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 5828 4321(symbol)m 6535(,)s 6642(47)s
220 fnt35 4816 4030(@OneOf)m 240 fnt82 5743 4033(symbol)m 6450(,)s
6557(55)s 220 fnt35 4816 3742(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt82
6010 3745(e)m 3(xample)k 6820(,)s 6927(80)s 220 fnt35
4816 3454(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 5947 3457(symbol)m 6654(,)s
6761(47)s 220 fnt35 4816 3166(@Open)m 240 fnt82 5622 3169(symbol)m
6329(,)s 6436(62)s 4816 2881(Optimal)m 5654(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
6288(breaking)s 7125(,)s 7232(35)s 220 fnt35 4816 2590(@Optimiz)m 3(e)k
240 fnt82 5953 2593(symbol)m 6660(,)s 6767(35)s 220 fnt35
4816 2302(or)m 2(agged)k 5667(@Break)s 240 fnt82 6470 2305(,)m
6577(42)s 220 fnt35 4816 2014(@OrElse)m 240 fnt82 5761 2017(e)m 3(xample)k
6571(,)s 6678(85)s 4816 1729(Other)m 5420(character)s 6301(,)s
6408(13)s 220 fnt35 4816 1438(outdent)m 5604(@Break)s 240 fnt82
6407 1441(,)m 6514(42)s 220 fnt35 4816 1150(@Outline)m 240 fnt82
5785 1153(symbol)m 6492(,)s 6599(46)s 220 fnt35 4816 862(o)m 3(v)k 5(er)k
240 fnt82 5295 865(e)m 3(xample)k 6105(,)s 6212(72)s
4816 577(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k 5875(g)s 1(ap)k
6273(mode)s 6808(,)s 6915(37)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 95 101
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
1 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt83 0 13843(Inde)m 4(x)k 240 fnt84 8833 13840(95)m
220 fnt35 0 13246(p)m 240 fnt82 174 13249(unit)m 553(,)s
660(37)s 220 fnt35 0 12958(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt82
1008 12961(symbol)m 1715(,)s 1822(49)s 220 fnt35 0 12670(@P)m 8(age)k
240 fnt82 779 12673(e)m 3(xample)k 1589(,)s 1696(79)s
0 12385(P)m 3(age)k 518(layout)s 240 12097(principles)m 1233(of)s
1451(,)s 1558(5)s 240 11809(in)m 483(practice)s 1241(,)s
1348(77)s 220 fnt35 0 11518(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt82
1309 11521(symbol)m 2016(,)s 2123(70)s 220 fnt35 0 11230(@P)m 8(ageOf)k
240 fnt82 1016 11233(e)m 3(xample)k 1826(,)s 1933(77)s
0 10945(P)m 3(aragraph)k 1023(breaking)s 1860(,)s 1967(3)s
240 10657(in)m 483(detail)s 1015(,)s 1122(39)s 0 10369(P)m 3(arameter)k
971(,)s 1078(4)s 220 fnt35 240 10078(body)m 240 fnt82
774 10081(parameter)m 1735(,)s 1842(17)s 220 fnt35 240 9790(named)m
240 fnt82 959 9793(parameter)m 1920(,)s 2027(15)s 220 fnt35
0 9502(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 1530 9505(symbol)m 2237(,)s
2344(67)s 0 9217(PostScript)m 989(,)s 1096(ii)s 240 8929(used)m
737(by)s 220 fnt35 1031 8926(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
2022 8929(,)m 2129(63)s 240 8641(used)m 737(by)s 220 fnt35
1031 8638(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82 2729 8641(,)m 2836(67)s
240 8353(used)m 737(by)s 220 fnt35 1031 8350(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt82 2851 8353(,)m 2958(67)s 220 fnt35 0 8062(@PP)m
240 fnt82 566 8065(e)m 3(xample)k 1376(,)s 1483(74)s
0 7777(Precedence)m 1091(,)s 1198(22)s 220 fnt35 0 7486(preceding)m
240 fnt82 958 7489(,)m 1065(8)s 220 fnt35 0 7198(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt82 1873 7201(symbol)m 2580(,)s 2687(67)s 0 6913(Principal)m
917(mark)s 1416(,)s 1523(37)s 240 6625(ef)m 6(fect)k
836(on)s 220 fnt35 1133 6622(@OneCol)m 240 fnt82 2145 6625(and)m
220 fnt35 2549 6622(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt82 3627 6625(,)m
3734(47)s 0 6337(Promotion)m 1067(of)s 1338(components)s 2493(,)s
2600(29)s 0 5761(Quote)m 641(character)s 1522(,)s 1629(13)s
0 5473(Quoted)m 763(w)s 2(ord)k 1258(,)s 1365(14)s
220 fnt35 0 4894(r)m 240 fnt82 133 4897(unit)m 512(,)s
619(37)s 220 fnt35 0 4606(r)m 2(agged)k 729(@Break)s
240 fnt82 1532 4609(,)m 1639(42)s 220 fnt35 0 4318(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim)k
240 fnt82 1563 4321(symbol)m 2270(,)s 2377(69)s 0 4033(Recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k
1003(symbol)s 1710(,)s 1817(11)s 0 3745(Recursion)m 974(,)s
1081(5)s 220 fnt35 0 3454(@Ref)m 240 fnt82 621 3457(e)m 3(xample)k
1431(,)s 1538(90)s 220 fnt35 0 3166(@Ref)m 6(erence)k
240 fnt82 1281 3169(e)m 3(xample)k 2091(,)s 2198(87)s
220 fnt35 0 2878(@Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 240 fnt82 2006 2881(e)m 3(xample)k
2816(,)s 2923(89)s 0 2593(Reid,)m 559(Brian)s 1147(K.)s
1371(,)s 1478(7)s 0 2305(Right)m 592(justi\207cation)s 1724(,)s
1831(37)s 220 fnt35 0 2014(r)m -3(lines)k 579(@Break)s
240 fnt82 1382 2017(,)m 1489(42)s 0 1729(Roman)m 749(numerals)s
1623(,)s 1730(77)s 0 1441(Root)m 526(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k
1107(,)s 1214(11)s 240 1153(in)m 483(detail)s 1015(,)s
1122(28)s 240 865(printing)m 1050(of)s 1268(,)s 1375(29)s
240 577(size)m 667(of)s 938(components)s 2146(of)s 2364(,)s
2471(25)s 220 fnt35 0 286(@Rotate)m 240 fnt82 921 289(symbol)m
1628(,)s 1735(52)s 4816 13247(Rotation)m 5697(of)s 5968(object)s
6559(,)s 6666(52)s 4816 12959(Ro)m 6(w)k 5317(mark)s
5816(,)s 5923(2)s 220 fnt35 4816 12668(rr)m 2(agged)k
5618(@Break)s 240 fnt82 6421 12671(,)m 6528(42)s 220 fnt35
4816 12380(@Rump)m 240 fnt82 5676 12383(symbol)m 6383(,)s 6490(54)s
220 fnt35 4816 12092(@Runner)m 240 fnt82 5818 12095(e)m 3(xample)k
6628(,)s 6735(80)s 220 fnt35 4816 11516(s)m 240 fnt82
4979 11519(unit)m 5358(,)s 5465(37)s 5056 11231(and)m 220 fnt35
5460 11228(@Space)m 240 fnt82 6357 11231(symbol)m 7064(,)s 7171(43)s
220 fnt35 4816 10940(@Scale)m 240 fnt82 5639 10943(symbol)m 6346(,)s
6453(52)s 4816 10655(Scaling)m 5586(of)s 5857(object)s 6448(,)s
6555(50)s 4816 10367(Scribe)m 5429(,)s 5536(7)s 220 fnt35
4816 10076(@Section)m 240 fnt82 5816 10079(e)m 3(xample)k 6626(,)s
6733(85)s 220 fnt35 4816 9788(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt82 7277 9791(symbol)m
7984(,)s 8091(60)s 220 fnt35 4816 9500(@SetColor)m 240 fnt82
5951 9503(symbol)m 6658(,)s 6765(45)s 220 fnt35 4816 9212(@SetColour)m
240 fnt82 6073 9215(symbol)m 6780(,)s 6887(45)s 4816 8927(Size)m
5283(of)s 5554(an)s 5837(object)s 6428(,)s 6535(24)s
4816 8639(small)m 5388(capitals)s 6115(,)s 6222(41)s 4816 8351(Sorted)m
5498(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6169(,)s 6276(32)s
4816 8063(Space)m 5390(,)s 5497(13)s 5056 7775(when)m 5632(signi\207cant)s
6635(,)s 6742(38)s 220 fnt35 4816 7484(@Space)m 240 fnt82
5713 7487(symbol)m 6420(,)s 6527(43)s 220 fnt35 4816 7196(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k
240 fnt82 6226 7199(symbol)m 6933(,)s 7040(51)s 220 fnt35
4816 6908(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt82 6372 6911(symbol)m 7079(,)s
7186(51)s 220 fnt35 4816 6620(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt82
6214 6623(symbol)m 6921(,)s 7028(51)s 4816 6335(Style)m 5363(of)s
5634(an)s 5917(object)s 6508(,)s 6615(23)s 220 fnt35
4816 6044(sup)m 240 fnt82 5222 6047(e)m 3(xample)k 6032(,)s
6139(72)s 4816 5759(Symbol)m 5563(,)s 5670(4)s 220 fnt35
4816 5468(@SysDatabase)m 240 fnt82 6396 5471(symbol)m 7103(,)s 7210(63)s
220 fnt35 4816 5180(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt82 6164 5183(symbol)m 6871(,)s
6978(68)s 220 fnt35 4816 4892(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt82
6933 4895(symbol)m 7640(,)s 7747(67)s 220 fnt35 4816 4604(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic)k
240 fnt82 7055 4607(symbol)m 7762(,)s 7869(67)s 220 fnt35
4816 4028(t)m 240 fnt82 4933 4031(g)m 1(ap)k 5331(mode)s
5866(,)s 5973(37)s 4816 3743(T)m 19(ables)k 5432(,)s
5539(2)s 4816 3455(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k 5886(g)s 1(ap)k
6284(mode)s 6819(,)s 6926(37)s 220 fnt35 4816 3164(@T)m 26(ag)k
240 fnt82 5439 3167(parameter)m 9(,)k 6491(def)s 2(ault)k
7212(v)s 6(alue)k 7780(of)s 7998(,)s 8105(16)s
220 fnt35 4816 2876(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt82 5805 2879(symbol)m
6512(,)s 6619(61)s 4816 2591(T)m 19(ar)k 4(get)k
5476(of)s 5747(cross)s 6289(reference)s 7179(,)s 7286(8)s
4816 2303(T)m 19(ar)k 4(get)k 5476(of)s 5747(a)s
5913(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6494(,)s 6601(11)s
220 fnt35 4816 2012(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt82 5703 2015(symbol)m
6410(,)s 6517(30)s 5056 1727(in)m 5299(detail)s 5831(,)s
5938(25)s 4816 1439(T)m 4912 1391(E)m 5020 1439(X)m 5056 1151(h)m 1(yphenation)k
6243(,)s 6350(39)s 5056 863(optimal)m 5841(paragraph)s 6854(breaking)s
7691(,)s 7798(39)s 4816 575(T)m 16(e)k 3(xtual)k
5582(unit)s 5961(,)s 6068(13)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Page: 96 102
%%BeginPageSetup
%%PageResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Helvetica
/pgsave save def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
/Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
/fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
/Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
/fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
%%EndPageSetup
gsave
0 0 translate
240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic
gsave
LoutPageSet
grestore
gsave
0 16840 translate
0.0000 rotate
9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2
0 LoutMargSet
grestore
240 fnt84 0 13840(96)m 240 fnt83 8539 13843(Inde)m 4(x)k
220 fnt35 0 13245(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt82 1215 13248(symbol)m
1922(,)s 2029(69)s 0 12960(Underscore)m 1158(character)s 2039(,)s
2146(13)s 220 fnt35 0 12669(@Use)m 240 fnt82 665 12672(symbol)m
1372(,)s 1479(62)s 220 fnt35 0 12093(v)m 240 fnt82
169 12096(unit)m 548(,)s 655(37)s 240 11808(ef)m 6(fect)k
836(on)s 1133(paragraph)s 2146(breaking)s 2983(,)s 3090(42)s
220 fnt35 0 11517(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 240 fnt82 1017 11520(symbol)m
1724(,)s 1831(49)s 220 fnt35 0 11229(@VContr)m 2(act)k
240 fnt82 1252 11232(symbol)m 1959(,)s 2066(49)s 220 fnt35
0 10941(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt82 1006 10944(symbol)m
1713(,)s 1820(50)s 220 fnt35 0 10653(@V)m 17(erbatim)k
240 fnt82 1129 10656(symbol)m 1836(,)s 1943(69)s 0 10368(V)m 26(ertical)k
797(concatenation)s 2129(,)s 2236(36)s 220 fnt35 0 10077(@VExpand)m
240 fnt82 1161 10080(symbol)m 1868(,)s 1975(48)s 220 fnt35
0 9789(@VLimited)m 240 fnt82 1123 9792(symbol)m 1830(,)s 1937(49)s
220 fnt35 0 9501(@VScale)m 240 fnt82 969 9504(symbol)m 1676(,)s
1783(50)s 220 fnt35 0 9213(@VShift)m 240 fnt82 863 9216(symbol)m
1570(,)s 1677(48)s 220 fnt35 0 8925(@VSpan)m 240 fnt82
927 8928(symbol)m 1634(,)s 1741(51)s 220 fnt35 0 8349(w)m
240 fnt82 216 8352(unit)m 595(,)s 702(37)s 0 8064(White)m
640(space)s 1174(,)s 1281(13)s 240 7776(when)m 816(signi\207cant)s
1819(,)s 1926(38)s 220 fnt35 0 7485(@Wide)m 240 fnt82
774 7488(symbol)m 1481(,)s 1588(48)s 0 7200(W)m 9(idth)k
646(of)s 917(an)s 1200(object)s 1791(,)s 1898(24)s
0 6912(W)m 19(ord)k 531(,)s 638(14)s 220 fnt35
0 6333(x)m 240 fnt82 168 6336(g)m 1(ap)k 566(mode)s
1101(,)s 1208(37)s 220 fnt35 0 5757(@Y)m 4(ield)k
240 fnt82 753 5760(symbol)m 1460(,)s 1567(56)s 220 fnt35
0 5469(@YUnit)m 240 fnt82 814 5472(symbol)m 1521(,)s 1628(44)s
220 fnt35 0 4893(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt82 802 4896(symbol)m 1509(,)s
1616(44)s 
grestore

grestore

grestore

pgsave restore
showpage

%%Trailer
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica
%%+ font Helvetica-Oblique
%%+ font Symbol
%%+ font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-BoldItalic
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset LoutStartUp
%%+  procset LoutTabPrependGraphic
%%+  procset LoutFigPrependGraphic
%%+  procset LoutBasicSetup
%%+ encoding vec2
%%Pages: 102
%%EOF