diff options
| author | Matěj Cepl <mcepl@cepl.eu> | 2024-05-19 00:42:48 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Matěj Cepl <mcepl@cepl.eu> | 2024-05-19 00:42:48 +0200 |
| commit | eb3942e15700f3f4f61b4e46917ae8fbe614e524 (patch) | |
| tree | be0c003fa8a0dead8d9dc921050ba13a56d1a9dd /doc | |
| parent | 71d625f730d872791eef74d7999e1be28d5e5c7e (diff) | |
| download | lout-master.tar.gz | |
http://jeffreykingston.id.au/lout/lout-3.41.tar.gz
Diffstat (limited to 'doc')
380 files changed, 1770 insertions, 86706 deletions
diff --git a/doc/design/README b/doc/design/README index a4e4b34..de0a07d 100644 --- a/doc/design/README +++ b/doc/design/README @@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ messages (although changing the paper size might produce one or two benign ones). Jeffrey H. Kingston -21 September 2010 +26 June 2013 diff --git a/doc/design/outfile.ps b/doc/design/outfile.ps index 469005f..84b8b08 100644 --- a/doc/design/outfile.ps +++ b/doc/design/outfile.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.39 (September 2010) -%%CreationDate: Tue Sep 21 13:16:16 2010 +%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.40 (June 2013) +%%CreationDate: Sun Jun 18 10:06:39 2023 %%DocumentData: Binary %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) @@ -6814,13 +6814,13 @@ grestore 2662 3918(f)m 240 fnt4 2823 3910(\))m 2973(\255)s 240 fnt3 3194 3918(width)m 240 fnt4 3733 3910(\()m 240 fnt3 3817 3918(i)m 240 fnt4 3892 3910(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s2_4_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s2_4_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt3 480 3367(y)m 240 fnt4 666 3359(=)m 240 fnt3 879 3367(width)m 240 fnt4 1418 3359(\()m 240 fnt3 1502 3367(d)m 240 fnt4 1688 3359(\))m 1838(\255)s 240 fnt3 2059 3367(width)m 240 fnt4 2598 3359(\()m 240 fnt3 2682 3367(g)m 240 fnt4 2808 3359(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s2_4_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s2_4_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt3 480 2816(z)m 240 fnt4 655 2808(=)m 240 fnt3 868 2816(width)m 240 fnt4 1407 2808(\()m 240 fnt3 1491 2816(b)m 240 fnt4 1617 2808(\))m @@ -6828,7 +6828,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt3 2611 2816(e)m 240 fnt4 2722 2808(\))m 2872(\255)s 240 fnt3 3093 2816(width)m 240 fnt4 3632 2808(\()m 240 fnt3 3716 2816(h)m 240 fnt4 3843 2808(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s2_4_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s2_4_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 2312(It)m 224(seems)s 878(clear)s 1420(that)s 240 fnt3 1857 2314(y)m 240 fnt1 2038 2312(at)m 2289(least)s 2805(must)s 3349(appear)s @@ -12720,7 +12720,7 @@ grestore 1668(of)s 1939(Computer)s 2956(Science,)s 3806(The)s 4234(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5288(of)s 5559(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 6367(Australia)s 7242(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_1 /DEST pdfmark 0 11716(2.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1492(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2227(H..)s 2652(A)s 2910(ne)s 6(w)k 3385(approach)s 4347(to)s 4613(document)s 5645(formatting)s 6646(.)s 6838(T)s 16(ech.)k @@ -12728,7 +12728,7 @@ grestore 1177(Department)s 2365(of)s 2636(Computer)s 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 10925(3.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1491(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2224(H..)s 2647(The)s 3101(Basser)s 3824(Lout)s 4362(Document)s 5445(F)s 3(ormatter)k 6383(,)s 6516(1991)s 6971(.)s @@ -12744,7 +12744,7 @@ grestore 1388(for)s 1726(non-)s 240 fnt3 2154 10063(ftp)m 240 fnt1 2459 10061(sites.)m 3047(All)s 3407(enquiries)s 4334(to)s 4573(jef)s 6(f@cs.su.oz.au.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 9558(4.)m 480(Furuta,)s 1211(Richard,)s 2075(Sco\207eld,)s 2965(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 3710(and)s 4113(Sha)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 4734(Alan.)s 5363(Document)s 6419(formatting)s 7480(systems:)s 8402(surv)s 3(e)k 3(y)k 15(,)k @@ -12752,14 +12752,14 @@ grestore 2554 9272(Computing)m 3673(Surve)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt2 4465 9269(14)m 240 fnt1 4699 9270(,)m 4806(417\211472)s 5700(\(1982\))s 6327(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 8765(5.)m 480(K)s 6(ernighan,)k 1645(Brian)s 2287(W)s 22(.)k 2649(and)s 3107(Cherry)s 15(,)k 3917(Lorinda)s 4789(L..)s 5213(A)s 5497(system)s 6275(for)s 6667(typesetting)s 7824(mathematics)s 9022(.)s 240 fnt3 480 8479(Communications)m 2158(of)s 2439(the)s 2784(A)s 7(CM)k 240 fnt2 3351 8476(18)m 240 fnt1 3585 8477(,)m 3692(182\211193)s 4576(\(1975\))s 5203(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 7977(6.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1488(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2218(H..)s 2638(Fig)s 3033(\211)s 3236(a)s 3425(Lout)s 3961(package)s @@ -12769,7 +12769,7 @@ grestore 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_6 /DEST pdfmark 0 7184(7.)m 480(Reid,)s 1042(Brian)s 1634(K..)s 2034(A)s 2268(High-)s 2815(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 3409(Approach)s 4413(to)s 4656(Computer)s 5677(Document)s 6737(Production)s @@ -12780,19 +12780,19 @@ grestore 8773(V)s 26(e-)k 480 6610(gas)m 868(NV)s 240 fnt1 1192 6608(,)m 1299(pages)s 1895(24\21131)s 2470(,)s 2577(1980)s 3052(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_7 /DEST pdfmark 0 6103(8.)m 480(Joseph)s 1207(F)s 19(.)k 1443(Ossanna.)s 2436(Nrof)s 6(f/T)k 8(rof)k 6(f)k 3605(User')s 13(s)k 4284(Manual)s 5010(.)s 5193(T)s 16(ech.)k 5777(Rep.)s 6285(54)s 6597(\(1976\))s 7224(,)s 7349(Bell)s 7821(Laboratories)s 9019(,)s 480 5815(Murray)m 1251(Hill,)s 1729(NJ)s 2051(07974)s 2645(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 5310(9.)m 480(Knuth,)s 1186(Donald)s 1949(E..)s 240 fnt3 2319 5312(The)m 2731(T)s 2882 5264(E)m 3033 5312(XBook)m 240 fnt1 3675 5310(.)m 3839(Addison-W)s 19(esle)k 3(y)k 5419(,)s 5526(1984)s 6000(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_9 /DEST pdfmark 0 4807(10.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1485(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2212(H..)s 2629(Eq)s 2973(\211)s 3173(a)s 3359(Lout)s 3892(package)s 4752(for)s @@ -12803,7 +12803,7 @@ grestore 8147(Australia)s 9022(.)s 480 4231(\(Contains)m 1461(an)s 1744(appendix)s 2677(describing)s 3726(the)s 4074(P)s 3(as)k 4454(P)s 3(ascal)k 5116(formatter)s 13(.\))k -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_10 /DEST pdfmark 0 3728(11.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1478(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2198(H..)s 2608(A)s 2851(be)s 3(ginners')k 3903(guide)s 4504(to)s 4756(Lout)s 5208(.)s 5385(T)s 16(ech.)k @@ -12812,7 +12812,7 @@ grestore 3156(The)s 3584(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 4638(of)s 4909(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 5717(Australia)s 6592(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_11 /DEST pdfmark 0 2937(12.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1475(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2193(H..)s 2600(T)s 19(ab)k 3017(\211)s 3207(a)s 3384(Lout)s 3907(package)s 4757(for)s 5106(formatting)s 6177(tables)s @@ -12821,13 +12821,13 @@ grestore 2636(Computer)s 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_12 /DEST pdfmark 0 2146(13.)m 480(Brooks,)s 1279(K)s 6(enneth)k 2141(P)s 26(..)k 2472(Lilac:)s 3068(a)s 3234(tw)s 2(o-vie)k 6(w)k 4183(document)s 5187(editor)s 5744(.)s 240 fnt3 5908 2148(IEEE)m 6490(Computer)s 240 fnt1 7453 2146(,)m 7560(7\21119)s 8091(\(1991\))s 8718(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1748_s7_0_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1794_s7_0_13 /DEST pdfmark grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 diff --git a/doc/doc/README b/doc/doc/README deleted file mode 100644 index 7e8381c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -Directory lout/doc - -This directory contains directories holding the four documents -that describe the Lout document formatting system: - -design `The design and implementation of the Lout document - formatting language,' Software--Practice and Experience, - vol. 23, pp1001-1041 (September 1993) - -expert An Expert's Guide to the Lout Document Formatting System - -slides A Practical Introduction to the Lout Document Formatting - System (overhead transparencies) - -user A User's Guide to the Lout Document Formatting System - -The author of these documents, Jeffrey H. Kingston, owns the -copyright in them. He gives permission for them to be -copied and modified freely, provided that his authorship -is acknowledged in any documents derived from these ones. diff --git a/doc/doc/design/README b/doc/doc/design/README deleted file mode 100644 index de0a07d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -Directory lout/doc/design - -This directory contains the Lout source files -for the report entitled `The design and -implementation of the Lout document formatting -language' which appeared in Software--Practice -and Experience, vol 23, pp1001-1041 (September -1993). To produce the report, type the command - - lout -r3 all > outfile.ps - -in this directory. The -r3 flag causes Lout to -run over the document three times, which is -needed to completely resolve all cross references, -although a readable PostScript file outfile.ps -would be produced after one run if -r3 is omitted. -Auxiliary files with .li and .ld suffixes will be -created in this directory. A copy of the final -outfile.ps is included. - -The second and third runs should produce no error -messages (although changing the paper size might -produce one or two benign ones). - -Jeffrey H. Kingston -26 June 2013 diff --git a/doc/doc/design/all b/doc/doc/design/all deleted file mode 100644 index 2755e5b..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/all +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -@SysInclude { eq } -@SysInclude { tab } -@SysInclude { fig } -@SysInclude { report } -@SysDatabase @Reference { oldrefs } -@Report - @Title { The Design and Implementation -of the -Lout Document Formatting Language } - @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Institution { Basser Department of Computer Science, -The University of Sydney 2006, -Australia } - @DateLine { 27 January, 1993 } - @InitialLanguage { English } - @OptimizePages { Yes } - @AbstractTitle { SUMMARY } - @Abstract -{ -Lout is a high-level language for document formatting, whose ease of use -has permitted an unprecedented number of advanced features to be added -quickly and reliably. This paper charts the evolution of the design and -implementation of Lout from conception in mid-1984 to public release in -October 1991. It includes extensive discussions of remaining problems -and possible solutions. -@DP -{@B Keywords} document formatting typesetting -} - -// - -@Include { s1_0 } -@Include { s2_0 } -@Include { s2_1 } -@Include { s2_2 } -@Include { s2_3 } -@Include { s2_4 } -@Include { s2_5 } -@Include { s2_9 } -@Include { s3_0 } -@Include { s3_1 } -@Include { s3_2 } -@Include { s3_3 } -@Include { s3_4 } -@Include { s3_9 } -@Include { s4_0 } -@Include { s5_0 } -@Include { s5_1 } -@Include { s5_2 } -@Include { s5_3 } -@Include { s5_4 } -@Include { s5_5 } -@Include { s5_9 } -@Include { s6_0 } -@Include { s6_1 } -@Include { s6_2 } -@Include { s6_9 } -@Include { s7_0 } diff --git a/doc/doc/design/mydefs b/doc/doc/design/mydefs deleted file mode 100644 index 5473fbf..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/mydefs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,591 +0,0 @@ - -def @TeX { T{ /0.2fo E}X } - -def @Code - right x -{ { Helvetica Base -1p } @Font lines @Break x -} - -###################################################### -# # -# Nodes and trees. # -# # -###################################################### - -import @Fig -def @FBox - named width { 0.6c } - named height { 0.4c } - named margin { 0.1c } - right x -{ - @Box margin { margin } - { width @Wide height @High - { /0.5rt |0.5rt @OneCol @OneRow 0.8f @Font x - } - } -} - -import @Fig -def @FEllipse - named width { 0.6c } - named height { 0.4c } - named margin { 0.1c } - right x -{ - @Ellipse margin { margin } - { height @High - { /0.5rt |0.5rt @OneCol @OneRow 0.8f @Font x - } - } -} - -import @Fig -def @FCircle - named width { 0.4c } - named height { 0.4c } - named margin { 0.1c } - right x -{ - @Circle margin { margin } - { width @Wide height @High - { /0.5rt |0.5rt @OneCol @OneRow 0.8f @Font x - } - } -} - -import @Fig -def @JoinFigures - left A - named linestyle { solid } - named linewidth { 0.5 pt } - named linecap { round } - named dashlength { 0.15 cm } - named arrow { noarrow } - named headstyle { open } - named headwidth { 0.05 cm } - named headlength { 0.15 cm } - right B -{ - @Line - from { {A"@CTR"} ++ {{A"@CTR"} @Angle {B"@CTR"} A"@CIRCUM"} } - to { {B"@CTR"} ++ {{B"@CTR"} @Angle {A"@CTR"} B"@CIRCUM"} } - linestyle { linestyle } - linewidth { linewidth } - linecap { linecap } - dashlength { dashlength } - arrow { arrow } - headstyle { headstyle } - headwidth { headwidth } - headlength { headlength } - {} -} - -import @Fig -export @LeftSub @RightSub @FirstSub @NextSub @StubSub @Node -def @Tree - named hmargin { 0.2c } - named vmargin { 0.3c } - named linestyle { solid } - named linewidth { 0.5 pt } - named linecap { round } - named dashlength { 0.15 cm } - named arrow { noarrow } - named headstyle { open } - named headwidth { 0.05 cm } - named headlength { 0.15 cm } - body x -@Begin - - def @LeftSub - precedence 90 - associativity left - left root - named hmargin { hmargin } - named linestyle { linestyle } - named linewidth { linewidth } - named linecap { linecap } - named dashlength { dashlength } - named arrow { arrow } - named headstyle { headstyle } - named headwidth { headwidth } - named headlength { headlength } - right x - { - { /vmargin {L::x} } |hmargin root | - L@T @JoinFigures - linestyle { linestyle } - linewidth { linewidth } - linecap { linecap } - dashlength { dashlength } - arrow { arrow } - headstyle { headstyle } - headwidth { headwidth } - headlength { headlength } - T - } - - def fixroot - precedence 90 - left root - { - |0.5rt root - } - - def firstsub - precedence 90 - associativity left - named hmargin { hmargin } - named linestyle { linestyle } - named linewidth { linewidth } - named linecap { linecap } - named dashlength { dashlength } - named arrow { arrow } - named headstyle { headstyle } - named headwidth { headwidth } - named headlength { headlength } - right x - { - S::x & - S@T @JoinFigures - linestyle { linestyle } - linewidth { linewidth } - linecap { linecap } - dashlength { dashlength } - arrow { arrow } - headstyle { headstyle } - headwidth { headwidth } - headlength { headlength } - T - } - - macro @FirstSub { fixroot //vmargin |0.5rt firstsub } - - def @NextSub - precedence 90 - associativity left - left others - named hmargin { hmargin } - named linestyle { linestyle } - named linewidth { linewidth } - named linecap { linecap } - named dashlength { dashlength } - named arrow { arrow } - named headstyle { headstyle } - named headwidth { headwidth } - named headlength { headlength } - right x - { - others &hmargin S::x & - S@T @JoinFigures - linestyle { linestyle } - linewidth { linewidth } - linecap { linecap } - dashlength { dashlength } - arrow { arrow } - headstyle { headstyle } - headwidth { headwidth } - headlength { headlength } - T - } - - def @RightSub - precedence 90 - associativity left - left root - named hmargin { hmargin } - named linestyle { linestyle } - named linewidth { linewidth } - named linecap { linecap } - named dashlength { dashlength } - named arrow { arrow } - named headstyle { headstyle } - named headwidth { headwidth } - named headlength { headlength } - right x - { - root |hmargin { /vmargin {R::x} } | - R@T @JoinFigures - linestyle { linestyle } - linewidth { linewidth } - linecap { linecap } - dashlength { dashlength } - arrow { arrow } - headstyle { headstyle } - headwidth { headwidth } - headlength { headlength } - T - } - - def @StubSub - precedence 90 - associativity left - left root - named linestyle { linestyle } - named linewidth { linewidth } - named linecap { linecap } - named dashlength { dashlength } - { - root | - @Figure - shape { T@SW - T@W -- { 0.1 cm 0.7 cm } - T@E -- {-0.1 cm 0.7 cm } - T@SE - } - linestyle { linestyle } - linewidth { linewidth } - linecap { linecap } - dashlength { dashlength } - { @Null } - } - - def @Node - # named mark {} - right root - { - T:: root - # & T@W ++ { -0.2 cm 0.1 cm } @BaseOf mark - } - - @OneCol @OneRow x - -@End @Tree - - -def @ShowMarks - named linewidth { 0.015 cm } - named linestyle { dashed } - named dashlength { 0.15 cm } - named paint { lightgrey } - named marks { both } # none, horizontal, vertical, or both - right x -{ - @Fig - { @Box margin { 0c } linewidth { linewidth } paint { paint } - { @Figure - shape { - marks @Case { - { horizontal both } @Yield - { -0.3 cm ymark {xsize ymark} ++ {0.3 cm 0} } - else @Yield {} - } - marks @Case { - both @Yield [] - else @Yield {} - } - marks @Case { - { vertical both } @Yield - { xmark -0.3 cm {xmark ysize} ++ {0 0.3 cm} } - else @Yield {} - } - } - linewidth { linewidth } - linestyle { linestyle } - dashlength { dashlength } - x - } - } -} - - import @Fig - def @DagBox - named top {} - named mid {} - named base {} - { - @OneRow { - TOP:: @FBox top - // MID:: @FBox mid - // BASE:: @FBox base - } - } - - import @Fig - def @BlackDot - named diameter { 0.07c } - { - @Circle - margin { 0c } - paint { black } - { diameter @Wide diameter @High {} - } - } - - import @Fig - def @TVShape # television shape enclosing points ne, nw, se, sw - named nw {} - named ne {} - named sw {} - named se {} - named delta { 0.5 cm } - { - @Figure - shape { - { {nw @Min sw @Min ne @Min se} -- { delta 0 } } @Label BL - { {nw @Max sw @Max ne @Max se} ++ { delta 0 } } @Label TR - BL ++ { 0 BL @YDistance TR } @Label TL - BL ++ { BL @XDistance TR 0 } @Label BR - BL - BR [ BR ++ {0 delta} ] - BR ++ {delta delta} - TR ++ {delta -delta} [ TR -- {0 delta} ] - TR - TL [ TL -- {0 delta} ] - TL -- {delta delta} - BL ++ {-delta delta} [ BL ++ {0 delta} ] - BL - } - {} - } - - import @Fig - def @FunnyArrow - named from {} - named to {} - named arrow { forward } - { - @Figure - shape {from from ++ {0 from @YDistance to} to} - arrow { arrow } - {} - } - - def "->" { {Symbol Base} @Font "\256" } #174 decimal - def "=>" { {Symbol Base} @Font "\336" } #222 decimal - macro @JP { /0.5v } - - ################################################### - # # - # Lout keywords. # - # # - ################################################### - - def @@Begin { @Code "@Begin" } - def @@Break { @Code "@Break" } - def @@Case { @Code "@Case" } - def @@Database { @Code "@Database" } - def @@End { @Code "@End" } - def @@Font { @Code "@Font" } - def @@Galley { @Code "@Galley" } - def @@Graphic { @Code "@Graphic" } - def @@HExpand { @Code "@HExpand" } - def @@HScale { @Code "@HScale" } - def @@High { @Code "@High" } - def @@Include { @Code "@Include" } - def @@Key { @Code "@Key" } - def @@LClos { @Code "@LClos" } - def @@LEnv { @Code "@LEnv" } - def @@LInput { @Code "@LInput" } - def @@Moment { @Code "@Moment" } - def @@Next { @Code "@Next" } - def @@Null { @Code "@Null" } - def @@OneCol { @Code "@OneCol" } - def @@OneRow { @Code "@OneRow" } - def @@Open { @Code "@Open" } - def @@Prepend { @Code "@Prepend" } - def @@Rotate { @Code "@Rotate" } - def @@Space { @Code "@Space" } - def @@SysDatabase { @Code "@SysDatabase" } - def @@SysInclude { @Code "@SysInclude" } - def @@SysPrepend { @Code "@SysPrepend" } - def @@Tag { @Code "@Tag" } - def @@Tagged { @Code "@Tagged" } - def @@Use { @Code "@Use" } - def @@VExpand { @Code "@VExpand" } - def @@VScale { @Code "@VScale" } - def @@Yield { @Code "@Yield" } - def @@Wide { @Code "@Wide" } - - - ################################################### - # # - # Miscellaneous, mostly graphical definitions. # - # # - ################################################### - - def @Leaders - { .. @Leaders - } - - def @HLine { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke } - @Graphic {} - } - PDF @Yield { - { 0 0 m __xsize 0 l S } - @Graphic {} - } - } - } - - def @VDashLine - right length - { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - length @High - { 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke } - @Graphic {} - } - PDF @Yield { - length @High - { [ __mul(3, __pt) ] 0 d 0 0 m 0 __ysize l stroke } - @Graphic {} - } - } - } - - def @LBox - right offset - { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - @OneCol @OneRow - { - { //0.2c - 0.6c @High 1.2c @Wide - { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath - gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke } - @Graphic {} - } - ||offset @VDashLine 1c - } - } - PDF @Yield { - @OneCol @OneRow - { - { //0.2c - 0.6c @High 1.2c @Wide - { 0 0 m __xsize 0 l - __xsize __ysize l 0 __ysize l h - q 0.9 g f Q S } - @Graphic {} - } - ||offset @VDashLine 1c - } - } - } - } - - def @Arrow - right length - { @OneCol @OneRow - { - 30d @Rotate {0.12c @Wide @HLine} - // - length @Wide @HLine - // - "-30d" @Rotate {0.12c @Wide @HLine} - } - } - - def @DoubleArrow - right length - { @OneCol @OneRow - { - & 180d @Rotate @Arrow length - |0io @Arrow length - } - } - - def @Put - left coord - right x - { @OneCol @OneRow - { coord / | @OneCol @OneRow x - } - } - - macro @At { //0io } - - - ################################################### - # # - # Interpolated example documents. # - # # - ################################################### - - def @LittleEndRunPlace { @Galley } - def @LittleEndRun - force into { @LittleEndRunPlace&&preceding } - {} - - def @LittleTextPlace { @Galley } - def @LittleText into { @LittleTextPlace&&preceding } - right x - { x - } - - def @LittleFootPlace { @Galley } - def @LittleFootNote into { @LittleFootPlace&&following } - right x - { x - } - - def @LittlePageColumn - right x - { - 9px @Break 8p @Font - 2.8c @Wide x - } - - def @LittlePage - right x - { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - @HContract @VContract - { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto - 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke } @Graphic - { //0.3c ||0.3c - 9px @Break 8p @Font - 2.8c @Wide 3.8c @High x - ||0.3c //0.3c - } - } - PDF @Yield { - @HContract @VContract - { 0 0 m __xsize 0 l __xsize __ysize l 0 __ysize l s } @Graphic - { //0.3c ||0.3c - 9px @Break 8p @Font - 2.8c @Wide 3.8c @High x - ||0.3c //0.3c - } - } - } - } - - def @LittleFootSect - { 1c @Wide @HLine - //0.3v @LittleFootPlace ||0.5c - } - - def @LittlePageList - right @PageNum - { - @LittlePage { # |0.5rt @PageNum //0.8v - //0.3v @LittleTextPlace - //1rt @LittleFootSect - } - // - @LittlePageList @Next @PageNum - } - - def @LittleDocument - { @LittlePage - { @LittleTextPlace - //1rt @LittleFootSect - } - // @LittlePageList 2 - // @LittleEndRunPlace - } - - def @Strange - named @Format right @Val { [@Val] } - right x - { @Format x - } diff --git a/doc/doc/design/outfile.ps b/doc/doc/design/outfile.ps deleted file mode 100644 index b8709e2..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/outfile.ps +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12860 +0,0 @@ -%!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.40 (June 2013) -%%CreationDate: Wed Jun 26 09:44:18 2013 -%%DocumentData: Binary -%%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) -%%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) -%%DocumentMedia: A4 595 842 0 white () -%%PageOrder: Ascend -%%LanguageLevel: 2 -%%Pages: (atend) -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842 -%%EndComments -%%BeginProlog -%%BeginResource: procset LoutStartUp -/cp_x 0 def -/cp_y 0 def -/louts 0 def -/loutv 0 def -/loutf 0 def -/ymark 0 def -/xmark 0 def -/ysize 0 def -/xsize 0 def -/save_cp { currentpoint /cp_y exch def /cp_x exch def } bind def -/restore_cp { cp_x cp_y moveto } bind def -/outline { gsave 1 1 1 setrgbcolor dup show save_cp - grestore true charpath stroke restore_cp } bind def -/m { 3 1 roll moveto show } bind def -/mo { 3 1 roll moveto outline } bind def -/s { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show } bind def -/so { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto outline } bind def -/k { exch neg 0 rmoveto show } bind def -/ko { exch neg 0 rmoveto outline } bind def -/r { exch 0 rmoveto show } bind def -/ro { exch 0 rmoveto outline } bind def -/c { gsave 3 1 roll rmoveto show grestore } bind def -/co { gsave 3 1 roll rmoveto outline grestore } bind def -/ul { gsave setlinewidth dup 3 1 roll - moveto lineto stroke grestore } bind def -/in { 1440 mul } bind def -/cm { 567 mul } bind def -/pt { 20 mul } bind def -/em { 120 mul } bind def -/sp { louts mul } def -/vs { loutv mul } def -/ft { loutf mul } def -/dg { } def - -/LoutGraphic { - /louts exch def - /loutv exch def - /loutf exch def - /ymark exch def - /xmark exch def - /ysize exch def - /xsize exch def -} def - -/LoutGr2 { gsave translate LoutGraphic gsave } def - -/LoutFont -{ findfont exch scalefont setfont -} bind def - -/LoutRecode { - { findfont dup length dict begin - {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall - /Encoding exch def - currentdict end definefont pop - } - stopped pop -} bind def - -/PreEPSF_state 0 def -/dict_stack 0 def -/ops_count 0 def -/LoutStartEPSF { % prepare for EPSF inclusion - /PreEPSF_state save def - /dict_stack countdictstack def - /ops_count count 1 sub def - 20 dict begin - /showpage {} def - 0 setgray 0 setlinecap - 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin - 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath - /languagelevel where - { pop languagelevel - 1 ne - { false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint - } if - } if -} bind def - -/LoutEPSFCleanUp { % clean up after EPSF inclusion - count ops_count sub { pop } repeat - countdictstack dict_stack sub { end } repeat - PreEPSF_state restore -} bind def - -% Find current texture (may be null) -% - LoutCurrentP p -/LoutCurrentP -{ - currentcolorspace - 0 get /Pattern eq - { - [ currentcolor ] - dup length 1 sub get - } - { - null - } ifelse -} def - -% Find current color and color space -% - LoutCurrentCCS c cs -/LoutCurrentCCS -{ - LoutCurrentP dup null eq - { - pop [ currentcolor ] - currentcolorspace - } - { - dup - /UnderlyingColor get - exch /UnderlyingColorSpace get - } ifelse -} def - -% Install c, cs, and (a copy of) p into graphics state -% c cs p LoutSetCCSP - -/LoutSetCCSP -{ - dup null eq - { - pop setcolorspace - aload pop setcolor - } - { - % copy pattern dictionary - 12 dict copy - - % record cs and c in p - dup /UnderlyingColorSpace 3 index - put - dup /UnderlyingColor 4 index - put - - % do setcolorspace and setcolor - dup /PaintType get 1 eq - { - [ /Pattern ] setcolorspace - setcolor - pop pop - } - { - [ /Pattern - 4 -1 roll - ] setcolorspace - exch aload length 1 add - -1 roll - setcolor - } ifelse - } ifelse -} bind def - -% num LoutSetGray - -/LoutSetGray -{ - [ 2 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceGray ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% r g b LoutSetRGBColor - -/LoutSetRGBColor -{ - [ 4 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceRGB ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% h s b LoutSetHSBColor - -/LoutSetHSBColor -{ - gsave sethsbcolor - currentrgbcolor grestore - LoutSetRGBColor -} bind def - -% c m y k LoutSetRGBColor - -/LoutSetCMYKColor -{ - [ 5 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceCMYK ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% p LoutSetTexture - -/LoutSetTexture -{ - LoutCurrentCCS - 3 -1 roll - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% <scale > <scalex> <scaley> <rotate> <hshift> <vshift> -% <painttype> <bbox> <xstep> <ystep> <paintproc> LoutMakeTexture p -/LoutMakeTexture -{ - 12 dict begin - /PaintProc exch def - /YStep exch def - /XStep exch def - /BBox exch def - /PaintType exch def - /PatternType 1 def - /TilingType 1 def - currentdict end - 7 1 roll - matrix translate - 5 1 roll - matrix rotate - 4 1 roll - matrix scale - exch dup matrix scale - matrix concatmatrix - matrix concatmatrix - matrix concatmatrix - /makepattern where - { - pop makepattern - } - { - pop pop null - } ifelse -} bind def - -/LoutTextureSolid -{ - null - LoutSetTexture -} bind def -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutTabPrependGraphic -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/tabf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Tab % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain % -% by its author, Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -% To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names % -% of all these symbols begin with "ltab". % -% % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% 24 September 1991 % -% 22 December 1992 % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -% linewidth ltabhs - -% horizontal single line -/ltabhs -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhsp - -% horizontal single line with projecting ends -/ltabhsp -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - setlinewidth 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhd - -% horizontal double line -/ltabhd -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch 3 mul moveto xsize exch 3 mul lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdb - -% horizontal double line below mark -/ltabhdb -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch -3 mul moveto xsize exch -3 mul lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdnw - -% horizontal double line with northwest corner -/ltabhdnw -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize exch 3 mul moveto - -3 mul exch 3 mul lineto - -3 mul 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdne - -% horizontal double line with northeast corner -/ltabhdne -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch 3 mul moveto - 3 mul xsize add exch 3 mul lineto - 3 mul xsize add 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdsw - -% horizontal double line with southwest corner -/ltabhdsw -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize exch -3 mul moveto - -3 mul exch -3 mul lineto - -3 mul 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdse - -% horizontal double line with southeast corner -/ltabhdse -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch -3 mul moveto - 3 mul xsize add exch -3 mul lineto - 3 mul xsize add 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvs - -% vertical single line -/ltabvs -{ 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvd - -% vertical double line -/ltabvd -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - -3 mul 0 moveto -3 mul ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvdr - -% vertical double line to right of mark -/ltabvdr -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - 3 mul 0 moveto 3 mul ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutFigPrependGraphic -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/figf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Fig Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% Version 2.0 (includes CIRCUM label) January 1992 % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -% Although Fig is now obsolete I have updated it 20 October 2002 % -% to work with textures, i.e. replacing setrgbcolor with % -% LoutSetRGBColor. % -% % -% To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names of all symbols % -% defined here begin with "lfig". However, this is not feasible % -% with user-defined labels and some labels used by users. % -% % -% <point> is two numbers, a point. % -% <length> is one number, a length % -% <angle> is one number, an angle in degrees % -% <dashlength> is one number, the preferred length of a dash % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -errordict begin - /handleerror - { - { /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont - 0 setgray 4 pt 4 pt moveto - $error /errorname get - dup lfigdict exch known - { lfigdict exch get } - { 30 string cvs } ifelse - show - ( Command: ) show - $error /command get 30 string cvs show - } stopped {} if - showpage stop - } def -end - -% concat strings: <string> <string> lfigconcat <string> -% must be defined outside lfigdict since used in lfigpromotelabels -/lfigconcat -{ 2 copy length exch length add string - dup 0 4 index putinterval - dup 3 index length 3 index putinterval - 3 1 roll pop pop -} def - -% <string> lfigdebugprint - -% must be defined outside lfigdict since used in arbitrary places -% /lfigdebugprint -% { print -% (; operand stack:\n) print -% count copy -% count 2 idiv -% { == -% (\n) print -% } repeat -% (\n) print -% } def - -/lfigdict 120 dict def -lfigdict begin - -% error messages -/dictfull (dictfull error: too many labels?) def -/dictstackoverflow (dictstackoverflow error: labels nested too deeply?) def -/execstackoverflow (execstackoverflow error: figure nested too deeply?) def -/limitcheck (limitcheck error: figure nested too deeply or too large?) def -/syntaxerror (syntaxerror error: syntax error in text of figure?) def -/typecheck (typecheck error: syntax error in text of figure?) def -/undefined (undefined error: unknown or misspelt label?) def -/VMError (VMError error: run out of memory?) def - -% push pi onto stack: - lfigpi <num> -/lfigpi 3.14159 def - -% arc directions -/clockwise false def -/anticlockwise true def - -% maximum of two numbers: <num> <num> lfigmax <num> -/lfigmax { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - -% minimum of two numbers: <num> <num> lfigmin <num> -/lfigmin { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - -% add two points: <point> <point> lfigpadd <point> -/lfigpadd { exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch } def - -% subtract first point from second: <point> <point> lfigpsub <point> -/lfigpsub { 3 2 roll sub 3 1 roll exch sub exch } def - -% max two points: <point> <point> lfigpmax <point> -/lfigpmax { exch 3 1 roll lfigmax 3 1 roll lfigmax exch } def - -% min two points: <point> <point> lfigpmin <point> -/lfigpmin { exch 3 1 roll lfigmin 3 1 roll lfigmin exch } def - -% scalar multiplication: <point> <num> lfigpmul <point> -/lfigpmul { dup 3 1 roll mul 3 1 roll mul exch } def - -% point at angle and distance: <point> <length> <angle> lfigatangle <point> -/lfigatangle { 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul lfigpadd } def - -% angle from one point to another: <point> <point> lfigangle <angle> -/lfigangle { lfigpsub 2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq and {pop} {exch atan} ifelse } def - -% distance between two points: <point> <point> lfigdistance <length> -/lfigdistance { lfigpsub dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt } def - -% difference in x coords: <point> <point> lfigxdistance <length> -/lfigxdistance { pop 3 1 roll pop sub } def - -%difference in y coords: <point> <point> lfigydistance <length> -/lfigydistance { 3 1 roll pop sub exch pop } def - -% stroke a solid line: <length> <dashlength> lfigsolid - -/lfigsolid -{ pop pop [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% stroke a lfigdashed line: <length> <dashlength> lfigdashed - -/lfigdashed -{ 2 copy div 2 le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] 0 setdash } - { dup [ exch 4 2 roll 2 copy div - 1 sub 2 div ceiling dup 4 1 roll - 1 add mul sub exch div ] 0 setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a lfigcdashed line: <length> <dashlength> lfigcdashed - -/lfigcdashed -{ 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] dup 0 get 2 div setdash } - { dup [ 4 2 roll exch 2 copy exch div - 2 div ceiling div 1 index sub - ] exch 2 div setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a dotted line: <length> <dashlength> lfigdotted - -/lfigdotted -{ 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch 0 exch ] 0 setdash } - { 1 index exch div ceiling div - [ 0 3 2 roll ] 0 setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a noline line: <length> <dashlength> lfignoline - -/lfignoline -{ pop pop -} def - -% painting (i.e. filling): - lfigwhite - (etc.) -/lfignopaint { } def -/lfignochange { fill } def -/lfigdarkblue { 0.0 0.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigblue { 0.0 0.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightblue { 0.5 0.5 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgreen { 0.0 0.5 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggreen { 0.0 1.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgreen { 0.5 1.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkred { 0.5 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigred { 1.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightred { 1.0 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkcyan { 0.0 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigcyan { 0.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightcyan { 0.5 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkmagenta { 0.5 0.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigmagenta { 1.0 0.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightmagenta { 1.0 0.5 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkyellow { 0.5 0.5 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigyellow { 1.0 1.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightyellow { 1.0 1.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgray { 0.2 0.2 0.2 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggray { 0.5 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgray { 0.8 0.8 0.8 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgrey { 0.2 0.2 0.2 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggrey { 0.5 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgrey { 0.8 0.8 0.8 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigblack { 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigwhite { 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def - -% line caps (and joins, not currently used) -/lfigbutt 0 def -/lfiground 1 def -/lfigprojecting 2 def -/lfigmiter 0 def -/lfigbevel 2 def - -% shape and labels of the @Box symbol -/lfigbox -{ - 0 0 /SW lfigpointdef - xsize 0 /SE lfigpointdef - xsize ysize /NE lfigpointdef - 0 ysize /NW lfigpointdef - SE 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - NW 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - W SE lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - S NW lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - NE 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - SW SE NE NW SW -} def - -% shape and labels of the @CurveBox symbol -/lfigcurvebox -{ - - xsize 0.5 mul ysize 0.5 mul /CTR lfigpointdef - xsize 0.5 mul 0 /S lfigpointdef - xsize ysize 0.5 mul /E lfigpointdef - xsize 0.5 mul ysize /N lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 mul /W lfigpointdef - - xmark 0.293 mul xmark 0.293 mul /SW lfigpointdef - xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub xmark 0.293 mul /SE lfigpointdef - xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NE lfigpointdef - xmark 0.293 mul ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NW lfigpointdef - - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul xmark /lfigcurveboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - - xmark 0 - xsize xmark sub 0 - [ xsize xmark sub xmark ] - xsize xmark - xsize ysize xmark sub - [ xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub ] - xsize xmark sub ysize - xmark ysize - [ xmark ysize xmark sub ] - 0 ysize xmark sub - 0 xmark - [ xmark xmark ] - xmark 0 -} def - -% shadow of the @ShadowBox symbol -% its shape and labels are done, somewhat inaccurately, with lfigbox -/lfigshadow -{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub xmark lineto - xmark 2 mul xmark lineto closepath fill -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Square symbol -/lfigsquare -{ - xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR xsize xsize ysize ysize lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef - SW 0.5 lfigpmul SE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef - NW 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - SW 0.5 lfigpmul NW 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef - SE 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - SW SE NE NW SW -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Diamond symbol -/lfigdiamond -{ - xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - S W lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR W lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR S lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigdiamondcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S E N W S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Ellipse symbol -/lfigellipse -{ - xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - S W lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR W lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR S lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd lfigpsub /SE lfigpointdef - xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub lfigpsub /SW lfigpointdef - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Circle symbol -/lfigcircle -{ - xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR xsize 0 ysize 0 lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 45 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 90 lfigatangle lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 180 lfigatangle lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 270 lfigatangle lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef - [ S E lfigpsub /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @HLine and @HArrow symbols -/lfighline -{ - 0 ymark lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef - xsize ymark lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef -} def - -% shape and labels of the @VLine and @VArrow symbols -/lfigvline -{ - xmark ysize lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef - xmark 0 lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef -} def - -% points of a polygon around base with given no of sides, vert init angle: -% <sides> <angle> figpolygon <point> ... <point> -/lfigpolygon -{ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - 90 sub CTR 2 copy lfigmax 5 3 roll - [ 4 copy pop /lfigpolycircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - exch dup 360 exch div exch - 1 1 3 2 roll - { 4 string cvs (P) exch lfigconcat cvn - 6 copy pop pop lfigatangle 2 copy 10 2 roll - 3 2 roll lfigpointdef - dup 3 1 roll add exch - } for - pop lfigatangle -} def - -% next array element: <array> <index> lfiggetnext <array> <index> <any> true -% or <array> <index> false -/lfiggetnext -{ 2 copy exch length ge - { false } - { 2 copy get exch 1 add exch true } ifelse -} def - -% check whether thing is number: <any> lfigisnumbertype <any> <bool> -/lfigisnumbertype -{ dup type dup - /integertype eq exch /realtype eq or -} def - -% check whether thing is an array: <any> lfigisarraytype <any> <bool> -/lfigisarraytype { dup type /arraytype eq } def - -% get next item: <array> <index> lfiggetnextitem <array> <index> 0 -% or <array> <index> <array> 1 -% or <array> <index> <point> 2 -/lfiggetnextitem -{ lfiggetnext - { lfigisarraytype - { 1 - } - { lfigisnumbertype - { 3 1 roll - lfiggetnext - { lfigisnumbertype - { 4 3 roll exch 2 - } - { pop 3 2 roll pop 0 - } ifelse - } - { 3 2 roll pop 0 - } ifelse - } - { pop 0 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } - { 0 - } ifelse -} def - -% set arc path: bool x1 y1 x2 y2 x0 y0 lfigsetarc <angle> <angle> <dist> -% the path goes from x1 y1 to x2 y2 about centre x0 y0, -% anticlockwise if bool is true else clockwise. -% The orientations of backwards pointing and forwards pointing -% arrowheads are returned in the two angles, and -% the length of the arc is returned in <dist>. -/lfigsetarc -{ - 20 dict begin - matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll - 2 copy translate 2 copy 8 2 roll - 4 2 roll lfigpsub 6 2 roll lfigpsub - dup /y1 exch def dup mul /y1s exch def - dup /x1 exch def dup mul /x1s exch def - dup /y2 exch def dup mul /y2s exch def - dup /x2 exch def dup mul /x2s exch def - - y1s y2s eq - { -1 - } - { y1s x2s mul y2s x1s mul sub y1s y2s sub div - } ifelse - /da exch def - - x1s x2s eq - { -1 - } - { x1s y2s mul x2s y1s mul sub x1s x2s sub div - } ifelse - /db exch def - - da 0 gt db 0 gt and - { /LMax da sqrt db sqrt lfigmax def - /scalex da sqrt LMax div def - /scaley db sqrt LMax div def - scalex scaley scale - 0 0 LMax - 0 0 x1 scalex mul y1 scaley mul lfigangle - 0 0 x2 scalex mul y2 scaley mul lfigangle - 2 copy eq { 360 add } if - 2 copy 8 2 roll - 5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse - 2 index 1 index - { 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse - dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan - 2 index 2 index - { 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse - dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan - 5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 anticlockwise - { exch sub } { sub } ifelse - dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul LMax mul 180 div - } - { 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 0 x2 y2 lfigdistance eq - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 gt and - { 0 0 - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigangle - 0 0 x2 y2 lfigangle - 2 copy eq { 360 add } if - 2 copy 8 2 roll - 5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse - 2 index 1 index - { 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse - 2 index 2 index - { 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse - 5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 clockwise - { exch sub } { sub } ifelse - dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance mul 180 div - } - { x2 y2 lineto pop - x2 y2 x1 y1 lfigangle - x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigangle - x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigdistance - } ifelse - } ifelse - 4 -1 roll setmatrix - end -} def - -% lfigsetcurve: set up a Bezier curve from x0 y0 to x3 y3 -% and return arrowhead angles and length of curve (actually 0) -% x0 y0 x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 lfigsetcurve <angle> <angle> <length> -/lfigsetcurve -{ 8 copy curveto pop pop - lfigangle - 5 1 roll - 4 2 roll lfigangle - exch - 0 -} def - -% lfigpaintpath: paint a path of the given shape -% /paint [ shape ] lfigpaintpath - -/lfigpaintpath -{ - 10 dict begin - 0 newpath - /prevseen false def - /curveseen false def - { lfiggetnextitem - dup 0 eq { pop exit } - { 1 eq - { /curveseen true def - /curve exch def - curve length 0 eq { /curveseen false def } if - } - { /ycurr exch def - /xcurr exch def - prevseen - { curveseen - { curve length 4 eq - { xprev yprev - curve 0 get curve 1 get - curve 2 get curve 3 get - xcurr ycurr - lfigsetcurve pop pop pop - } - { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr - curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse - 7 1 roll - lfigsetarc pop pop pop - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr lineto - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr moveto - } ifelse - /xprev xcurr def - /yprev ycurr def - /prevseen true def - /curveseen false def - } ifelse - } ifelse - } loop pop pop cvx exec - end -} def - -% stroke a path of the given shape in the given linestyle and dash length. -% Return the origin and angle of the backward and forward arrow heads. -% dashlength /linestyle [shape] lfigdopath [<point> <angle>] [<point> <angle>] -/lfigdopath -{ - 10 dict begin - 0 - /prevseen false def - /curveseen false def - /backarrow [] def - /fwdarrow [] def - { - lfiggetnextitem - dup 0 eq { pop exit } - { - 1 eq - { /curveseen true def - /curve exch def - curve length 0 eq { /prevseen false def } if - } - { /ycurr exch def - /xcurr exch def - prevseen - { newpath xprev yprev moveto - curveseen - { curve length 4 eq - { xprev yprev - curve 0 get curve 1 get - curve 2 get curve 3 get - xcurr ycurr lfigsetcurve - } - { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr - curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse - 7 1 roll - lfigsetarc - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr lineto - xcurr ycurr xprev yprev lfigangle dup 180 sub - xprev yprev xcurr ycurr lfigdistance - } ifelse - 6 index 6 index cvx exec - [ xprev yprev 5 -1 roll ] - backarrow length 0 eq - { /backarrow exch def } - { pop } ifelse - [ xcurr ycurr 4 -1 roll ] /fwdarrow exch def - } if - /xprev xcurr def - /yprev ycurr def - /prevseen true def - /curveseen false def - } ifelse - } ifelse - } loop - pop pop pop pop - backarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { backarrow } ifelse - fwdarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { fwdarrow } ifelse - end -} def - -% lfigdoarrow: draw an arrow head of given form -% dashlength /lstyle /pstyle hfrac height width [ <point> <angle> ] lfigdoarrow - -/lfigdoarrow -{ matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll - dup 0 get 1 index 1 get translate - 2 get rotate - [ 2 index neg 2 index 0 0 - 3 index 3 index neg - 1 index 10 index mul 0 - 7 index 7 index ] - 4 1 roll pop pop pop - dup 3 1 roll - gsave lfigpaintpath grestore lfigdopath pop pop - setmatrix -} def - -% arrow head styles -/lfigopen 0.0 def -/lfighalfopen 0.5 def -/lfigclosed 1.0 def - -% stroke no arrows, forward, back, and both -/lfignoarrow { pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop } def -/lfigforward { 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow pop } def -/lfigback { 8 -2 roll pop lfigdoarrow } def -/lfigboth { 8 -1 roll 7 copy lfigdoarrow pop 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow } def - -% lfigprevious: return previous point on path -/lfigprevious -{ lfigisnumbertype - { 2 copy } - { lfigisarraytype - { 2 index 2 index } - { 0 0 } - ifelse - } ifelse -} def - -% label a point in 2nd top dictionary: <point> /name lfigpointdef - -/lfigpointdef -{ - % (Entering lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint - [ 4 2 roll transform - /itransform cvx ] cvx - currentdict end - 3 1 roll - % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt - % { def } - % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop } - % ifelse - def - begin - % (Leaving lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% promote labels from second top to third top dictionary -% <string> lfigpromotelabels - -/lfigpromotelabels -{ - % (Entering lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint - currentdict end exch currentdict end - { exch 20 string cvs 2 index - (@) lfigconcat exch lfigconcat cvn exch def - } forall pop begin - % (Leaving lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% show labels (except CIRCUM): - lfigshowlabels - -/lfigshowlabels -{ - % (Entering lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint - currentdict end - currentdict - { 1 index 20 string cvs (CIRCUM) search % if CIRCUM in key - { pop pop pop pop pop } - { pop cvx exec 2 copy - newpath 1.5 pt 0 360 arc - 0 setgray fill - /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont - moveto 0.2 cm 0.1 cm rmoveto 20 string cvs show - } - ifelse - } forall - begin - % (Leaving lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% fix an angle to 0 <= res < 360: <angle> lfigfixangle <angle> -/lfigfixangle -{ - % (Entering lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint - { dup 0 ge { exit } if - 360 add - } loop - { dup 360 lt { exit } if - 360 sub - } loop - % (Leaving lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of box: alpha a b lfigboxcircum x y -/lfigboxcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - 0 0 a b lfigangle /theta exch def - - % if alpha <= theta, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - alpha theta le - { a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div } - { - % else if alpha <= 180 - theta, return (b*cot(alpha), b) - alpha 180 theta sub le - { b alpha cos mul alpha sin div b } - { - % else if alpha <= 180 + theta, return (-a, -a*tan(alpha)) - alpha 180 theta add le - { a neg a neg alpha sin mul alpha cos div } - { - % else if alpha <= 360 - theta, return (-b*cot(alpha), -b) - alpha 360 theta sub le - { b neg alpha cos mul alpha sin div b neg } - { - % else 360 - theta <= alpha, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find quadratic roots (assume a != 0): a b c lfigqroots x1 x2 2 -% or x2 1 -% or 0 -/lfigqroots -{ - 4 dict begin - /c exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - /disc b b mul 4 a c mul mul sub def - disc 0 lt - { 0 - } - { disc 0 eq - { b neg 2 a mul div - 1 - } - { b neg disc sqrt add 2 a mul div - b neg disc sqrt sub 2 a mul div - 2 - } - ifelse - } - ifelse - end -} def - -% work our which quadrant: <angle> lfigquadrant <0-3> -/lfigquadrant -{ dup 90 lt - { pop 0 - } - { dup 180 lt - { pop 1 - } - { 270 lt - { 2 - } - { 3 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse -} def - -% find curvebox circum, assuming upper right quadrant: alpha a b xmk lfigcb x y -/lfigcb -{ - 6 dict begin - /xmk exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - /alpha exch def - /theta1 0 0 a b xmk sub lfigangle def - /theta2 0 0 a xmk sub b lfigangle def - alpha theta1 le - { % if alpha <= theta1, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div - } - { alpha theta2 ge - { % else if alpha > theta2, return (b*cot(alpha), b) - b alpha cos mul alpha sin div b - } - { - % else, return the intersection of line and circle - a xmk sub b xmk sub xmk 0 0 alpha lfigcircleintersect - dup 0 eq - { % should never happen, just return any reasonable point - pop - a b 0.5 lfigpmul - } - { 1 eq - { % should never happen, just return the point on top of stack - } - { % the usual case, two points on stack, return the larger - lfigpmax - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end -} def - -% find point on circumference of curvebox: alpha a b xmk lfigcurveboxcircum x y -/lfigcurveboxcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint - 5 dict begin - /xmk exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - - % work out which quadrant we are in, and reflect accordingly - /quad alpha lfigquadrant def - quad 0 eq - { alpha a b xmk lfigcb - } - { quad 1 eq - { 180 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb exch neg exch - } - { quad 2 eq - { alpha 180 sub a b xmk lfigcb neg exch neg exch - } - { 360 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb neg - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of diamond: alpha a b lfigdiamondcircum x y -/lfigdiamondcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - b alpha cos abs mul a alpha sin abs mul add /denom exch def - a b mul alpha cos mul denom div - a b mul alpha sin mul denom div - end - % (Leaving lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of ellipse: alpha a b lfigellipsecircum x y -/lfigellipsecircum -{ - % (Entering lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - b alpha cos mul dup mul a alpha sin mul dup mul add sqrt /denom exch def - a b mul alpha cos mul denom div - a b mul alpha sin mul denom div - end - % (Leaving lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point of intersection of two lines each defined by two points -% x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 lfiglineintersect x y -/lfiglineintersect -{ - % (Entering lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint - 13 dict begin - /y4 exch def - /x4 exch def - /y3 exch def - /x3 exch def - /y2 exch def - /x2 exch def - /y1 exch def - /x1 exch def - x2 x1 sub /x21 exch def - x4 x3 sub /x43 exch def - y2 y1 sub /y21 exch def - y4 y3 sub /y43 exch def - y21 x43 mul y43 x21 mul sub /det exch def - - % calculate x - y21 x43 mul x1 mul - y43 x21 mul x3 mul sub - y3 y1 sub x21 mul x43 mul add - det div - - % calculate y - x21 y43 mul y1 mul - x43 y21 mul y3 mul sub - x3 x1 sub y21 mul y43 mul add - det neg div - - end - % (Leaving lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of polygon -% alpha radius num theta lfigpolycircum x y -/lfigpolycircum -{ - % (Entering lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint - 13 dict begin - /theta exch def - /num exch def - /radius exch def - /alpha exch def - - % calculate delta, the angle from theta to alpha - alpha theta sub lfigfixangle - - % calculate the angle which is the multiple of 360/num closest to delta - 360 num div div truncate 360 num div mul theta add /anglea exch def - - % calculate the next multiple of 360/num after anglea - anglea 360 num div add /angleb exch def - - % intersect the line through these two points with the alpha line - anglea cos anglea sin angleb cos angleb sin - 0 0 alpha cos 2 mul alpha sin 2 mul - lfiglineintersect radius lfigpmul - - end - % (Leaving lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point of intersection of a point and a circle -% x0 y0 r x1 y1 theta lfigcircleintersect xa ya xb yb 2 -% or xb yb 1 -% or 0 -/lfigcircleintersect -{ - % (Entering lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint - 15 dict begin - /theta exch def - /y1 exch def - /x1 exch def - /r exch def - /y0 exch def - /x0 exch def - - % if sin(theta) = 0 then line is horizontal and y must be y1 - theta sin abs 0.00001 lt - { - /a 1 def - /b -2 x0 mul def - /c x0 dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def - a b c lfigqroots dup - 0 eq - { pop - 0 - } - { 1 eq - { y1 1 - } - { y1 exch y1 2 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } - { - /ct theta cos theta sin div def - /a ct ct mul 1 add def - /b ct x1 x0 sub mul y1 add y0 sub 2 mul def - /c x1 x0 sub dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def - a b c lfigqroots dup - 0 eq - { pop - 0 - } - { 1 eq - { y1 add /yb exch def - yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def - xb yb 1 - } - { y1 add /ya exch def - ya y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xa exch def - y1 add /yb exch def - yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def - xa ya xb yb 2 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% add CIRCUM operator with this body: <array> lfigcircumdef - -/lfigcircumdef -{ % (Entering lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint - /CIRCUM exch cvx - currentdict end - 3 1 roll - % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt - % { def } - % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop } - % ifelse - def - begin - % (Leaving lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint -} def - -end -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutBasicSetup -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/bsf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @BasicSetup % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -% width height linethickness louteuro - -% draw a Euro symbol of this width and height with this line thickness -/louteuro { - 20 dict begin - /eurothick exch def - /euroheight exch def - /eurowidth exch def - /eurostrokewidth euroheight 0.8 mul def - /eurostep eurothick 60 cos mul 60 sin div def - /eurotheta 40 def - - % llx lly width thickness louteurobox - - % draw angled box starting at (llx, lly) with given width and thickness - /louteurobox - { - /euroboxthick exch def - /euroboxwidth exch def - newpath moveto euroboxwidth 0 rlineto - eurostep euroboxthick rlineto - euroboxwidth neg 0 rlineto closepath fill - } def - - % lower cross stroke - 0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 1.5 mul sub - eurostrokewidth eurothick louteurobox - - % upper cross stroke - 0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 0.5 mul add - eurostrokewidth eurostep 2 mul add eurothick louteurobox - - % circular part - /eurohctr eurowidth euroheight 2 div eurotheta cos mul sub def - /eurovctr euroheight 2 div def - newpath - eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurotheta 350 eurotheta sub arc - eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurothick sub 365 eurotheta sub eurotheta arcn - closepath fill - end -} def - -% path for @FullWidthRule symbol -/LoutRule -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -} def - -% path for @Box symbol -/LoutBox -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto - closepath -} def - -% path for @CurveBox symbol -/LoutCurveBox -{ xmark 0 moveto - xsize xmark sub xmark xmark 270 360 arc - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub xmark 0 90 arc - xmark ysize xmark sub xmark 90 180 arc - xmark xmark xmark 180 270 arc - closepath -} def - -% path for @ShadowBox symbol -/LoutShadowBox -{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub xmark lineto - xmark 2 mul xmark lineto - closepath -} def - -% set up dictionary containing margin note data: parity LoutMargSet - -/LoutMargSet -{ /LoutMargDict 12 dict def - LoutMargDict begin - /parity exch def - /matr matrix currentmatrix def - /rightx xsize def - /lefty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next left note - /righty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next right note - /max { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - /min { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - end -} def - -%translate coordinate system for marginal notes: type LoutMargShift - -% where type 0 is left margin, 1 is right margin, 2 is outer, 3 is inner -/LoutMargShift -{ LoutMargDict begin - - % y coordinate of top of note, in margin coords, before vertical adjust - 0 ysize transform matr itransform exch pop - - % decide whether left or right margin based on type and parity - exch [ 0 1 parity 1 parity sub ] exch get 0 eq - { - % left margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note - lefty min - - % bottom of note is new lefty position and also translate position - ysize sub dup /lefty exch def - - % want right edge of note at coordinate zero - xsize neg exch - } - { - % right margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note - righty min - - % bottom of note is new righty position and also translate position - ysize sub dup /righty exch def - - % want left edge of note at coordinate rightx - rightx exch - } ifelse - - % stack now contains coord of bottom left corner in margin coordinates - matr setmatrix translate - end -} def - -% create LoutPageDict with left, right, foot, top for @Place symbol users -/LoutPageSet -{ - /LoutPageDict 5 dict def - LoutPageDict begin - /matr matrix currentmatrix def - /left 0 def - /right xsize def - /foot 0 def - /top ysize def - end - -} def - -%%EndResource - -%%EndProlog - -%%BeginSetup -%%BeginResource: encoding vec2 -/vec2 [ -/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef -/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef -/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef -/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef -/space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright -/parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash -/zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven -/eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question -/at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G -/H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O -/P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W -/X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore -/quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g -/h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o -/p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w -/x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef -/quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /ellipsis /OE /oe /quotedblleft /quotedblright /fi -/fl /endash /emdash /bullet /dagger /daggerdbl /florin /fraction -/dotlessi /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent -/dieresis /.notdef /ring /cedilla /.notdef /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron -/space /exclamdown 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fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 7371 translate -180 fnt1 851 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2267 7395 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 7395 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 7395 translate -180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 7395 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt3 1534 7192(length)m gsave -567 6304 translate -180 fnt1 -680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 6190 translate -180 fnt1 2722 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 6304 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 6190 translate -180 fnt1 851 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2267 6214 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 -1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 6214 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 6214 translate -180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 6214 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -1534 6011(length)m -gsave -567 5123 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 5009 translate -180 fnt1 2722 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 5123 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 5009 translate -180 fnt1 851 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 4976 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4976 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4976 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4976 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -1392 4774(length)m gsave -567 3886 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3772 translate -180 fnt1 2722 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 3886 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 3772 translate -180 fnt1 -851 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 3739 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3739 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3739 translate -180 fnt1 -1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3739 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt1 941 3536(max)m 180 fnt4 1256 3531(\()m -180 fnt3 1319 3537(length)m 180 fnt4 1774 3531(,)m 180 fnt3 -1854 3537(a)m 180 fnt4 1994 3531(+)m 180 fnt3 2145 3537(b)m -180 fnt4 2240 3531(\))m gsave -1247 4363 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 567 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4363 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4363 translate -180 fnt1 567 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4363 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt3 920 4431(a)m -gsave -2551 4363 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 4363 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 4363 translate -180 fnt1 -283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 4363 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -2366 4387(b)m gsave -567 2590 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 2476 translate -180 fnt1 2722 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 2590 translate -180 fnt1 -680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 2476 translate -180 fnt1 851 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 2443 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 2443 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 2443 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 2443 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt1 999 2240(max)m 180 fnt4 -1314 2235(\()m 180 fnt3 1377 2241(length)m 180 fnt4 1832 2235(,)m -180 fnt3 1912 2241(a)m 180 fnt4 2007 2235(,)m 180 fnt3 -2087 2241(b)m 180 fnt4 2182 2235(\))m gsave -1247 3067 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 -567 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3067 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3067 translate -180 fnt1 567 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3067 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt3 -920 3135(a)m gsave -2551 3067 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 3067 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 3067 translate -180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 3067 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -2366 3091(b)m gsave -567 1438 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 1324 translate -180 fnt1 -2722 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 1438 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 1324 translate -180 fnt1 851 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 1234 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 2268 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 1234 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 1234 translate -180 fnt1 2268 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 1234 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -1587 1032(length)m gsave -3402 734 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 3402 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 734 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 734 translate -180 fnt1 3402 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 734 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -1189 523(curr)m 6(ent)k 1759(bound)s -grestore -end end restore -grestore - -[ /Dest /LOUTgapmodes /DEST pdfmark -200 fnt2 180 4638(Figur)m 3(e)k -788(2.)s 200 fnt1 1030 4639(The)m 1386(six)s 1664(g)s 1(ap)k -1995(modes)s 2557(\()s 200 fnt3 2618 4640(length)m 200 fnt1 -3162 4639(is)m 3336(an)s 3(y)k 3666(length\).)s 4367(Hyphenation)s -5444(mode)s 5933(has)s 6240(an)s 6475(e)s 3(xtra)k -6919(property)s 7639(not)s 7944(sho)s 5(wn)k 8507(here.)s -240 fnt1 0 4008(has)m 396(the)s 770(desired)s 1545(result,)s -2208(where)s 220 fnt5 2874 4005(2p)m 240 fnt1 3197 4008(is)m -3433(tw)s 2(o)k 3870(points)s 4532(and)s 220 fnt5 -4962 4005(@HLine)m 240 fnt1 5836 4008(is)m 6072(an)s 6381(easy)s -6887(combination)s 8166(of)s 8464(Lout')s 13(s)k 0 3720(graphics)m -861(operators.)s 1914(A)s 2144(similar)s 2866(operator)s 9(,)k -220 fnt5 3760 3717(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 4712 3720(,)m 4819(hides)s -5375(column)s 6150(marks.)s 480 3346(A)m 728(v)s 6(ariant)k -1463(of)s 220 fnt5 1753 3343(/)m 240 fnt1 1895 3346(called)m -220 fnt5 2542 3343(//)m 240 fnt1 2745 3346(is)m 2974(pro)s 3(vided)k -3898(which)s 4558(performs)s 5490(v)s 3(ertical)k 6275(concatenation)s -7679(b)s 4(ut)k 8059(ignores)s 8833(all)s 0 3058(column)m -775(marks)s 1410(and)s 1814(simply)s 2519(left-justi\207es)s 3709(its)s -3985(tw)s 2(o)k 4395(parameters:)s 220 fnt5 480 2557(Heading //0.1i)m -480 2269(A |0.2i B /0.1i)m 480 1981(C | D)m 240 fnt1 0 1526(has)m 370(result)s -480 1073(Heading)m 480 716(A)m 938(B)s 480 410(C)m 938(D)s - -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 -1 LoutMargSet -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -pgsave restore -showpage - -%%Page: 8 9 -%%BeginPageSetup -%%PageResources: font Times-Roman -%%+ font Helvetica -%%+ font Times-Bold -%%+ font Times-Italic -%%+ font Symbol -/pgsave save def -%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman -/Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode -/fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def -%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica -/Helveticafnt5 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode -/fnt5 { /Helveticafnt5 LoutFont } def -%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold -/Times-Boldfnt2 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode -/fnt2 { /Times-Boldfnt2 LoutFont } def -%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic -/Times-Italicfnt3 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode -/fnt3 { /Times-Italicfnt3 LoutFont } def -%%IncludeResource: font Symbol -/fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def -0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth -%%EndPageSetup -gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic -gsave -LoutPageSet -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic -gsave -LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke -grestore -gsave -0 16840 translate -0.0000 rotate -0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor -5768 -1579(-)m 5896(8)s 6063(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 -0 LoutMargSet 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lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 338 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -517 846 56 790 240 288 12 451 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -517 846 56 790 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -517 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 508 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt4 56 105(0)m 192 fnt3 195 111(.)m 192 fnt4 -270 105(2)m 192 fnt3 410 111(i)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 968 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -338 846 56 790 240 288 12 1081 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -338 846 56 790 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 508 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 128 128(c)m - -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 1419 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -509 846 56 790 240 288 12 1532 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -509 846 56 790 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -509 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 508 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt4 56 105(0)m 192 fnt3 195 111(.)m 192 fnt4 -270 105(3)m 192 fnt3 402 111(i)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 2041 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -338 846 56 790 240 288 12 2154 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -338 846 56 790 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 508 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 118 105(d)m - -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 2492 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -end end restore -grestore - -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 -0 LoutMargSet -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -pgsave restore -showpage - -%%Page: 9 10 -%%BeginPageSetup -%%PageResources: font Times-Roman -%%+ font Times-Italic -%%+ font Symbol -%%+ font Helvetica -/pgsave save def -%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman -/Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode -/fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def -%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic -/Times-Italicfnt3 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode -/fnt3 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-2971(its)s 3267(tw)s 2(o)k 3698(parameters.)s 4930(Similar)s -5712(formulas)s 6633(are)s 7001(easily)s 7632(deri)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k -8419(for)s 8778(the)s 0 6853(other)m 551(operators.)s 480 6479(F)m 3(or)k -866(purposes)s 1765(of)s 2033(e)s 3(xposition)k 3081(we)s -3412(will)s 3835(no)s 6(w)k 4293(mak)s 2(e)k -4862(the)s 5207(simplifying)s 6358(assumptions)s 7589(that)s 8004(all)s -8294(g)s 1(aps)k 8779(are)s 220 fnt5 0 6188(0i)m -240 fnt1 156 6191(,)m 248(all)s 525(column)s 1285(marks)s -1904(lie)s 2183(at)s 2399(the)s 2732(left)s 3093(edge,)s -3637(and)s 4025(all)s 4303(ro)s 6(w)k 4707(marks)s -5327(lie)s 5605(at)s 5822(the)s 6154(top)s 6498(edge.)s -7098(Then)s 7632(the)s 7964(size)s 8376(of)s 8631(each)s -0 5903(object)m 644(can)s 1033(be)s 1315(e)s 3(xpressed)k -2313(by)s 2607(just)s 3012(tw)s 2(o)k 3422(numbers,)s -4353(width)s 4955(and)s 5359(height,)s 6064(and)s 6468(the)s -6816(four)s 7274(formulas)s 8174(reduce)s 8867(to)s 240 fnt3 -555 5400(width)m 240 fnt4 1094 5392(\()m 240 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1850(formulas)s 2750(for)s 3088(v)s 3(ertical)k -3855(concatenation)s 5240(are)s 240 fnt3 555 3903(width)m 240 fnt4 -1094 3895(\()m 240 fnt3 1178 3903(x)m 168 fnt4 1284 3810(1)m -240 fnt3 1434 3903(/)m 240 fnt4 1609 3895(\274)m 240 fnt3 -1907 3903(/)m 2082(x)s 168 fnt3 2188 3816(n)m 240 fnt4 -2280 3895(\))m 2442(=)s 240 fnt3 2655 3903(width)m 240 fnt4 -3194 3895(\()m 240 fnt3 3278 3903(x)m 168 fnt4 3384 3810(1)m -240 fnt4 3462 3895(\))m 3612(\255)s 3833(\274)s 4131(\255)s -240 fnt3 4352 3903(width)m 240 fnt4 4891 3895(\()m 240 fnt3 -4975 3903(x)m 168 fnt3 5081 3816(n)m 240 fnt4 5173 3895(\))m -240 fnt3 480 3500(height)m 240 fnt4 1094 3492(\()m 240 fnt3 -1178 3500(x)m 168 fnt4 1284 3407(1)m 240 fnt3 1434 3500(/)m -240 fnt4 1609 3492(\274)m 240 fnt3 1907 3500(/)m 2082(x)s -168 fnt3 2188 3413(n)m 240 fnt4 2280 3492(\))m 2442(=)s -240 fnt3 2655 3500(height)m 240 fnt4 3269 3492(\()m 240 fnt3 -3353 3500(x)m 168 fnt4 3459 3407(1)m 240 fnt4 3537 3492(\))m -3675(+)s 3876(\274)s 4162(+)s 240 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-currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 200 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 118 105(d)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(R) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 1240 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ R@T@CTR R@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle R@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR R@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(R) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 3044 1298 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ R@T@CTR R@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle R@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR R@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -end end restore -grestore -0 1093(by)m -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 -0 LoutMargSet -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -pgsave restore -showpage - -%%Page: 11 12 -%%BeginPageSetup -%%PageResources: font Times-Roman -%%+ font Times-Italic -%%+ font Symbol -%%+ font Helvetica -/pgsave save def -%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman -/Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode -/fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def -%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic -/Times-Italicfnt3 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode -/fnt3 { /Times-Italicfnt3 LoutFont } def -%%IncludeResource: font Symbol -/fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def -%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica -/Helveticafnt5 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode -/fnt5 { /Helveticafnt5 LoutFont } def -0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth -%%EndPageSetup -gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic -gsave -LoutPageSet -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic -gsave -LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke -grestore -gsave -0 16840 translate -0.0000 rotate -0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor -5714 -1579(-)m 5842(11)s 6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13363 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 -1 LoutMargSet -grestore -gsave -480 11049 translate -240 fnt3 6248 2370 0 2314 240 288 12 LoutGraphic -gsave -grestore save gsave 70 dict begin lfigdict begin -grestore -3293 338 56 282 240 288 12 2955 2032 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt4 -136 106(\244)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -3096 1862 0 1806 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -1717 338 56 282 240 288 12 1379 1524 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt4 156 121(|)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -1520 1354 0 1298 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -1067 338 56 282 240 288 12 453 1016 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -614 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m - -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -732 846 0 790 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -608 338 56 282 240 288 12 124 508 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -484 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 123 128(a)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 338 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 394 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 -128 128(c)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 732 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 732 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -732 846 0 790 240 288 12 788 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -628 338 56 282 240 288 12 104 508 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -524 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k - -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 123 128(a)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 338 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 394 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 123 105(b)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 732 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 1520 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 1520 1298 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -1520 1354 0 1298 240 288 12 1576 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -1067 338 56 282 240 288 12 453 1016 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -614 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 -56 107(SPLIT)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -732 846 0 790 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -608 338 56 282 240 288 12 124 508 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -484 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 123 105(b)m - -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 338 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 394 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 118 105(d)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 732 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 732 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -732 846 0 790 240 288 12 788 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -628 338 56 282 240 288 12 104 508 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -524 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k - -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 123 128(a)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 338 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 394 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 123 105(b)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 732 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 1520 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 3096 1298 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 3096 1806 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -3096 1862 0 1806 240 288 12 3152 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -1717 338 56 282 240 288 12 1379 1524 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt4 -156 121(|)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -1520 1354 0 1298 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -1067 338 56 282 240 288 12 453 1016 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -614 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -732 846 0 790 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -608 338 56 282 240 288 12 124 508 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -484 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m - -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 123 128(a)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 338 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 394 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -338 338 56 282 240 288 12 0 0 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -192 fnt3 128 128(c)m -grestore -(T) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 732 282 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -(S) lfigpromotelabels -grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 12 732 790 LoutGr2 - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ S@T@CTR S@T@CTR T@CTR lfigangle S@T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef -T@CTR T@CTR S@T@CTR lfigangle T@CIRCUM lfigpadd lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore - -grestore -732 846 0 790 240 288 12 788 0 LoutGr2 -currentdict end 70 dict begin begin -grestore -628 338 56 282 240 288 12 104 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b/doc/doc/design/s1_0 deleted file mode 100644 index ca487ba..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s1_0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Introduction } -@Begin -@PP -Lout [1, 2] is a high-level language -for document formatting, designed and implemented by the author. The -implementation, known as Basser Lout, is a fully operational production -version written in C for the Unix operating system, -@FootNote { Unix is a trademark of "AT&T" Bell Laboratories. } -which translates Lout source code into PostScript, -@FootNote { PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Incorporated. } -a device-independent graphics rendering language accepted by many -high-resolution output devices, including most laser printers. Basser -Lout is available free of charge [3]. It includes -installation instructions, C source, seven standard packages, and complete -documentation in the form of six technical reports and a manual page. -@PP -The Lout project arose out of the author's desire to bring to document -formatting languages the elegance of expression found in programming -languages like Algol-60 and Pascal. This emphasis on expressiveness -has produced an order of magnitude reduction in the cost of developing -document formatting applications. For example, an equation formatting -application, which may be difficult or impossible to add to other -systems, can be written in Lout in a few days. -@PP -When expert users can implement such applications quickly, non-experts -benefit. Although Lout itself provides only a small kernel of carefully -chosen primitives, packages written in Lout and distributed with Basser -Lout provide an unprecedented array of advanced features in a form -accessible to non-expert users. The features include rotation and scaling, -fonts, paragraph and page breaking, displays and lists, floating figures -and tables, footnotes, chapters and sections (automatically numbered), -running page headers and footers, odd-even page layouts, automatically -generated tables of contents, sorted indexes and reference lists, -bibliographic and other databases (including databases of formats for -printing references), equations, tables, diagrams, formatting of -Pascal programs, and automatically maintained cross references. -@PP -This paper charts the evolution of Lout from conception in mid-1984 to the -public release of Basser Lout in October 1991. Lout is organized around -four key concepts -- objects, definitions, galleys, and cross references -- -and they were developed in the order listed, so this paper will treat each -in turn, discussing its design, implementation, problems, and -prospects for further improvement. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s2_0 b/doc/doc/design/s2_0 deleted file mode 100644 index ef4bea7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s2_0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Objects } -@Begin -@PP -The essence of any move to a higher level is the introduction of some -abstraction which serves to organize the low-level operations, -resulting in a more succinct expression of their -common combinations at the cost of some loss of detailed control. The -early part of the Lout project was spent in the development of such an -abstraction for the building blocks of documents, one which could -explain, not just the simple phenomena of words, lines, and paragraphs, -but also the alignment of columns in tables, and the complex nested -structures of equations. -@BeginSubSections diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s2_1 b/doc/doc/design/s2_1 deleted file mode 100644 index 4ee4c31..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s2_1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,87 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { genesis } - @Title { The genesis of the object abstraction } -@Begin -@PP -When one examines previous document formatting systems [4] -looking for ideas for abstractions, as the author did in 1984, the Eqn -formatting language [5] stands out like a beacon. In -Eqn, a mathematical formula such as -@ID @Eq { { x sup 2 + 1 } over 4 } -is produced by typing -@ID @Code "{ x sup 2 + 1 } over 4" -in the input file; @Code sup and @Code over are binary operators, and -braces are used for grouping. This is document formatting at a very -high level, close to the language of mathematics itself, with all -reference to font changes and spacing suppressed. -@PP -Eqn provides a single data type (let us call it the {@I expression}), -built up recursively in context-free style: where one expression may appear, -any expression may appear. This approach is common in algebra and -programming languages, where its simplicity and expressiveness have long -been appreciated; but Eqn was the first language to demonstrate its -utility in document formatting. -@PP -Each expression is treated by Eqn as a rectangle with a -{@I {horizontal axis}}, used for alignment with adjacent expressions: -@ID @ShowMarks marks { horizontal } @Eq { { x sup 2 + 1 } over 4 } -The size and rendering of the expression on the printed page are -known only to the implementation, never explicitly calculated or -accessed by the user. This prohibition is -crucial to the maintenance of the context-free property in practice. In -Lout, for example, equations, figures, tables, and arbitrary objects may -be mixed together freely. This would be impossible if size information -was hidden from the implementation in user calculations. -@PP -The object abstraction of Lout is a direct descendant of the Eqn -expression. It employs the same context-free recursive style of construction, -and each object is treated by Lout as a rectangle: -@ID @Fig { -@ShowMarks { 1c @Wide ^| 2c @Wide 0.45c @High ^/ 0.35c @High } -} -The horizontal axis, called a @I { row mark } in Lout, has a -vertical analogue called a {@I {column mark}}, creating a valuable -symmetry between horizontal and vertical. Multiple column and row marks -are permitted: -@ID @OneRow @Fig { -A:: @Box margin { 0c } paint { grey } { 1.2c @Wide 0.8c @High } -|1c -B:: @Box margin { 0c } paint { grey } { 1c @Wide 0.8c @High } -/0.5c -C:: @Box margin { 0c } paint { grey } { 0.7c @Wide 0.8c @High } -|1c -D:: @Box margin { 0c } paint { grey } { 1.3c @Wide 0.8c @High } -// @Line linestyle { dashed } - from { A@W -- { 0.3 cm 0 } } - to { B@W ++ { 1.6 cm 0 } } -// @Line linestyle { dashed } - from { C@W -- { 0.3 cm 0 } } - to { D@W ++ { 1.6 cm 0 } } -// @Line linestyle { dashed } - from { A@NW ++ { 0 0.3 cm } } - to { C@SW -- { 0 0.3 cm } } -// @Line linestyle { dashed } - from { B@NW ++ { 0.3 cm 0.3 cm } } - to { D@SW ++ { 0.3 cm -0.3 cm } } -} -so that objects are able to represent tables. -@PP -This abstraction has some limitations, the most obvious being the restriction -of size calculations to rectangular bounding boxes. Non-rectangular and -disconnected shapes arise naturally in figures and in the characters of -fonts; the extension to them is conceptually straightforward and might -help to explain some fine points of layout such as kerning. However, -there are implementation and language design problems, particularly -when filling non-rectangular shapes with text, and so the author chose -to keep to Eqn's rectangles. -@PP -A more fundamental limitation of the object abstraction arises from the -inability of recursive data types to describe cross-linked structures, -which seem to require some means of naming the multiply referenced -parts. Lout is obliged to introduce additional abstractions to cope -with cross linking: galleys for inserting text into pages -(Section {@NumberOf galleys}), cross references (Section {@NumberOf cross}), -and labelled points in figure drawing [6]. An -abstraction closer to hypertext might form a more unified basis for -these features. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s2_2 b/doc/doc/design/s2_2 deleted file mode 100644 index f4a3818..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s2_2 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { lexical } - @Title { Grammatical and lexical structure } -@Begin -@PP -If objects are to be constructed like mathematical expressions, the -natural notation is a functional language based on operators, as in -Eqn. The grammar of Lout objects is accordingly -@ID @OneRow @Eq { -matrix { -object -nextcol ---> above --> above --> above --> above --> above --> above --> above --> -nextcol -{ object ``` infixop ``` object } -labove gap { "1fx" } -{ prefixop ``` object } -labove gap { "1fx" } -{ object ``` postfixop } -labove gap { "1fx" } -{ noparsop } -labove gap { "1fx" } -{ literalword } -labove gap { "1fx" } -{ @Code "{" ``` object ``` @Code "}" } -labove gap { "1fx" } -{ object ``` object } -labove gap { "1fx" } -} -} -where {@Eq {infixop}}, {@Eq {prefixop}}, {@Eq {postfixop}}, and -{@Eq {noparsop}} are identifiers naming operators which take 0, 1 -or 2 parameters, as shown, and @Eq {literalword} is a sequence of -non-space characters, or an arbitrary sequence of characters -enclosed in double quotes. Ambiguities are resolved by precedence -and associativity. -@PP -The last production allows a meaning for expressions such as -{@Code "{}"}, in which an object is missing. The value of this -@I {empty object} is a rectangle of size 0 by 0, with one column -mark and one row mark, that prints as nothing. -@PP -The second-last production generates sequences of arbitrary objects -separated by white space, called {@I paragraphs}. Ignoring -paragraph breaking for now, the natural meaning is that the two -objects should appear side by side, and Lout's parser accordingly -interpolates an infix horizontal concatenation operator (see below) -between them. This operator is associative, so the grammatical -ambiguity does no harm. However, the Algol-60 rule that white space -should be significant only as a separator is necessarily broken by -Lout in just this one place. -@PP -Algol-like languages distinguish literal strings from identifiers by -enclosing them in quotes, but literals are far too frequent in document -formatting for this to be viable. The conventional solution is to -begin identifiers with a special character, and Lout follows Scribe -[7] in using "`@'" rather than the "`\\'" of troff -[8] and @TeX [9]. -@PP -However, Lout takes the unusual step of making an initial "`@'" -optional. The designers of Eqn apparently considered such -characters disfiguring in fine-grained input like equations, and -this author agrees. The implementation is straightforward: "`@'" is -classed as just another letter, and every word is searched for in -the symbol table. If it is found, it is an identifier, otherwise it -is a literal. A warning message is printed when a literal beginning -with "`@'" is found, since it is probably a mis-spelt identifier. No -such safety net is possible for identifiers without "`@'". -@PP -Equation formatting also demands symbols made from punctuation -characters, such as @Code "+" and {@Code "<="}. It is traditional to -allow such symbols to be juxtaposed, which means that the input -@ID @Code "<=++" -for example must be interpreted within the lexical analyser by searching -the symbol table for its prefixes in the order {@Code "<=++"}, -{@Code "<=+"}, {@Code "<="}. Although this takes quadratic time, in -practice such sequences are too short to make a more sophisticated -linear method like tries worthwhile. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s2_3 b/doc/doc/design/s2_3 deleted file mode 100644 index 341ea74..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s2_3 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,326 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { objects } - @Title { Basic structural operators } -@Begin -@PP -A programming language may be considered complete when it attains the -power of a Turing machine, but no such criterion seems relevant to -document formatting. Instead, as the language develops and new -applications are attempted, deficiencies are exposed and the operator set is -revised to overcome them. -@PP -Lout has a repertoire of 23 primitive operators -(Figure {@NumberOf primitives}), - -@Figure - @Caption { The 23 primitive operators of Lout, in order of -increasing precedence. } - @Tag { primitives } -@Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @I A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { object {@Code "/"}gap object } - B { Vertical concatenation with mark alignment } -@Rowa - A { object {@Code "//"}gap object } - B { Vertical concatenation with left justification } -@Rowa - A { object {@Code "|"}gap object } - B { Horizontal concatenation with mark alignment } -@Rowa - A { object {@Code "||"}gap object } - B { Horizontal concatenation with top-justification } -@Rowa - A { object {@Code "&"}gap object } - B { Horizontal concatenation within paragraphs } -@Rowa - A { {@Code "@OneCol"} object } - B { Hide all but one column mark of @I object } -@Rowa - A { {@Code "@OneRow"} object } - B { Hide all but one row mark of @I object } -@Rowa - A { font @Code "@Font" object } - B { Render @I object in nominated font } -@Rowa - A { breakstyle @Code "@Break" object} - B { Break paragraphs of @I object in nominated style } -@Rowa - A { spacestyle @Code "@Space" object } - B { Render spaces between words in nominated style } -@Rowa - A { length {@Code "@Wide"} object } - B { Render @I object to width @I length } -@Rowa - A { length {@Code "@High"} object } - B { Render @I object to height @I length } -@Rowa - A { {@Code "@HExpand"} object} - B { Expand horizontal gaps to fill available space } -@Rowa - A { {@Code "@VExpand"} object} - B { Expand vertical gaps to fill available space } -@Rowa - A { {@Code "@HScale"} object } - B { Horizontal geometrical scaling to fill available space } -@Rowa - A { {@Code "@VScale"} object } - B { Vertical geometrical scaling to fill available space } -@Rowa - A { angle {@Code "@Rotate"} object } - B { Rotate @I object by @I angle } -@Rowa - A { PostScript {@Code "@Graphic"} object } - B { Escape to graphics language } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@Next" object } - B { Add 1 to an object denoting a number } -@Rowa - A { object @Code "@Case" alternatives } - B { Select from a set of alternative objects } -@Rowa - A { identifier @Code "&&" object } - B { Cross reference } -@Rowa - A { cross-reference @Code "@Open" object } - B { Retrieve value from cross reference } -@Rowa - A { cross-reference @Code "@Tagged" object} - B { Attach cross referencing tag to object } -} - -which has proven adequate for a wide variety of features, including equations, -tables, and page layout, and so seems to be reasonably complete in this -pragmatic sense. In this section we introduce the eight concatenation and -mark-hiding operators. To them falls the basic task of assembling complex -objects from simple ones, and they were the first -to be designed and implemented. -@PP -Many of the operators of Eqn can be viewed as building small tables. A -built-up fraction, for example, has one column and three rows -(numerator, line, and denominator). Numerous investigations of this -kind convinced the author that operators capable of assembling the rows -and columns of tables would suffice for building all kinds of objects. -@PP -The simplest objects are empty objects and literal words like -{@Code metempsychosis}, which have one column mark and one row mark: -@ID { -@ShowMarks metempsychosis -} -To place two arbitrary objects side by side, we use the infix -operator {@Code "|"}, denoting horizontal concatenation. For -example, -@ID { -@Code "USA |0.2i Australia" -} -produces the object -@ID { -@ShowMarks USA |0.2i @ShowMarks Australia -} -The row marks are merged into one, fixing the vertical position of -the objects relative to each other; their horizontal separation is -determined by the @I gap attached to the operator, in this case 0.2 -inches. We think of the gap as part of the operator, although -strictly it is a third parameter. It may be omitted, defaulting to -{@Code "0i"}. -@PP -@I {Vertical concatenation} & , denoted by the infix operator {@Code "/"}, -is the same apart from the change of direction: -@ID { -@Code "Australia /0.1i USA" -} -produces the object -@ID { -@ShowMarks Australia /0.1i -@ShowMarks USA -} -with column marks merged and a 0.1 inch gap. -@PP -Consider now what happens when horizontal and vertical are combined: -@ID @OneRow @Code { - |1m "{" USA |1m "|0.2i" |1m Australia "}" -/1vx "/0.1i" | "{" Washington | "|" | Canberra "}" -} -The two parameters of @Code "/" now have two column marks each, and -they will be merged with the corresponding marks in the other -parameter, yielding the object - -@ID @OneRow { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - @ShowMarks USA & - { 0 ymark moveto xsize 10 pt add ymark lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke } - @Graphic {1c @Wide } - |0.2i @ShowMarks Australia -/0.1i @ShowMarks Washington | @ShowMarks Canberra - } - PDF @Yield { - @ShowMarks USA & - { [ __mul(3, __pt) ] 0 d 0 __ymark m __add(__xsize, __mul(10, __pt)) __ymark l S } - @Graphic {1c @Wide } - |0.2i @ShowMarks Australia -/0.1i @ShowMarks Washington | @ShowMarks Canberra - } - } -} -The @Code "0.2i" gap separates columns, not individual items in -columns, so a gap attached to the second @Code "|" would serve no -purpose; any such gap is ignored. If the number of marks to be merged -differs, empty columns are added at the right to equalize the number. The -four marks protruding from the result are all available for merging -with neighbouring marks by other concatenation operators. The precedence -of @Code "|" is higher than the precedence of {@Code "/"}, so the braces -could be omitted. -@PP -When lines of text are concatenated, it is conventional to measure -their separation from baseline to baseline (mark to mark in Lout), -rather than from edge to edge as above. This idea of different -reference points for measurement evolved over the years into a -system of six @I {gap modes} (Figure {@NumberOf gapmodes}), expressed -by appending a letter to the length. For example, @Code "|0.2i" is -an abbreviation for {@Code "|0.2ie"}, meaning 0.2 inches measured -from edge to edge; @Code "|0.3ix" -produces a 0.3 inch gap measured from mark to mark and widened if -necessary to prevent overstriking; and @Code "|2.5it" places its right -parameter 2.5 inches from the current left margin, irrespective of -the position of the left parameter. There is also a choice of -eleven units of measurement (inches, centimetres, multiples of the -current font size, etc.), the most interesting being -the @Code r unit: one @Code r is the column width minus the width of -the following object, so that @Code "|1rt" produces sufficient space -to right justify the following object, and @Code "|0.5rt" to center -it. These features implement spacings needed in practice rather -than suggested by theory. They work with all five concatenation -operators, horizontal and vertical. - -@Figure - @Tag { gapmodes } - @Caption { The six gap modes (@I length is any length). Hyphenation -mode has an extra property not shown here. } -@Fig { -{ /2.5vx Edge-to-edge |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I length} &1p {@Code e} - /4.2vx Hyphenation |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I length} &1p {@Code h} - /4.2vx Overstrike |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I length} &1p {@Code o} - /4.2vx Mark-to-mark |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I length} &1p {@Code x} - /4.2vx Kerning |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I length} &1p {@Code k} - /4.2vx Tabulation |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I length} &1p {@Code t} -} -||0.5i -@Box margin { 0c } 6c @Wide 14.5c @High 9p @Font -{ - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 2.2c @Wide 1.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 1.8c } - @At { 2.2c @Wide 1.6c @High } @Put { 1.8c @Wide { &0.5rt @I length } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 2.2c @Wide 1.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 1.8c } - @At { 2.2c @Wide 1.6c @High } @Put { 1.8c @Wide { &0.5rt @I length } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.5c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 3.3c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.7c @High } @Put { 3.3c @Wide { &0.5rt @I length } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.5c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 3.3c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.7c @High } - @Put 3.3c @Wide { |0.5rt @Eq { max(length, a+b) } } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 0.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 1.0c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 0.2c @High } @Put { 1.0c @Wide { &0.5rt @I a } } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 0.5c } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.2c @High } @Put { 0.5c @Wide { &0.5rt @I b } } - } - //4.5vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.5c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 3.3c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.7c @High } - @Put { 3.3c @Wide { |0.5rt @Eq { max(length, a, b) } } } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 0.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 1.0c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 0.2c @High } @Put { 1.0c @Wide { &0.5rt @I a } } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 0.5c } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.2c @High } @Put { 0.5c @Wide { &0.5rt @I b } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 0.0c @Wide 1.6c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 4.0c } - @At { 2.8c @Wide 1.8c @High } @Put { @I length } - } - //5vx - @DoubleArrow 6c - //0.1c |0.5rt @I { current bound } -} -} - -@PP -When we construct a built-up fraction, the result has three row marks, but -only the second should be visible outside the object: -@ID @Eq { @ShowMarks { X over Y } } -This is a common problem, and accordingly a @Code "@OneRow" operator was -introduced for hiding all but one of the row marks of its -parameter. Normally, the first mark is the survivor, but a later mark can -be chosen by prefixing @Code "^" to the preceding concatenation operator: -@ID @Code "@OneRow { X ^/2p @HLine /2p Y }" -has the desired result, where {@Code "2p"} is two points and @Code "@HLine" -is an easy combination of Lout's graphics operators. A similar operator, -{@Code "@OneCol"}, hides column marks. -@PP -A variant of @Code "/" called @Code "//" is provided which performs -vertical concatenation but ignores all column marks and simply -left-justifies its two parameters: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"Heading //0.1i" -"A |0.2i B /0.1i" -"C | D" -} -has result -@ID { Heading //0.1i A |0.2i B /0.1i C | D } -showing that spanning columns in tables motivate the inclusion of this -operator. There is an analogous @Code "||" operator. The author -would have preferred to leave out these operators, since they -complicate the implementation, and it is interesting to examine the -prospects of doing so. -@PP -The @Code "//" operator is formally redundant, because in general -the expression @Code "x // y" can be replaced by -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@OneCol { | x } /" -"@OneCol { | y }" -} -for any objects {@Code x} and {@Code y}. By concatenating an empty -object at the left of @Code x and hiding all but that empty object's -column mark, we effectively shift {@Code x}'s column mark to its left -edge. The same goes for {@Code y}, so the @Code "/" operator has just -one column mark to merge, at the extreme left, and its effect is -indistinguishable from {@Code "//"}. -@PP -Unfortunately, if @Code y consists of two rows separated by {@Code "/"}, -as in the example above, both rows must be placed inside the -{@Code "@OneCol"}, and the table cannot be entered in the simple -row-by-row manner that non-expert users naturally expect. Another -advantage of @Code "//" is that its left parameter can be printed -before its right parameter is known; this is important when the left -parameter is an entire page. -@PP -The fifth and final concatenation operator, {@Code "&"}, is an explicit -version of the horizontal concatenation operator interpolated when -objects are separated by white space. It is formally identical to -@Code "|" except for taking higher precedence and being subject to -replacement by @Code "//1vx" during paragraph breaking -(Section {@NumberOf style}). -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s2_4 b/doc/doc/design/s2_4 deleted file mode 100644 index 38d25e7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s2_4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,345 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { objects.impl } - @Title { Implementation of objects and concatenation } -@Begin -@PP -In this section we discuss the implementation of objects and concatenation, -and especially mark alignment. The first step is to use an operator -precedence parser to convert input such as -@ID @Code "a |0.5i b /0.2i c | d" -into parse trees such as -@ID @Eq { -@Fig { -@Tree { -@Node @FCircle fraction -@FirstSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle a } - @NextSub { @Node @FEllipse 0.5i } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle b } -} -@NextSub { @Node @FEllipse 0.2i } -@NextSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle c } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle d } -} -} -} -} -Missing objects are replaced by empty objects, and sequences of -concatenation operators are consolidated: -@ID @Eq { -@Fig { -@Tree { -@Node @FCircle bar -@FirstSub { @Node @FCircle a } -@NextSub { @Node @FEllipse 0.2i } -@NextSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle c } - @NextSub { @Node @FEllipse 0.3i } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle d } -} -} -} -&2m ==> &2m -@Fig { -@Tree { -@Node @FCircle bar -@FirstSub { @Node @FCircle a } -@NextSub { @Node @FEllipse 0.2i } -@NextSub { @Node @FCircle c } -@NextSub { @Node @FEllipse 0.3i } -@NextSub { @Node @FCircle d } -} -} -} -to make manifest their associativity and reduce the depth of the tree -for efficiency later. -@PP -The required semantic information is the size of each subobject, -consisting of four integers: width to left and right of the -distinguished column mark, and height above and below the distinguished -row mark. These numbers are always non-negative in Basser Lout, but -this restriction is unnecessary and should be dropped. -@PP -For the leaves, which are simple words, the numbers are obtained from -font tables. For the higher levels we apply recursive rules. Suppose -that @Eq { hgap(x, g, y) } returns the desired distance between the -column marks of objects @Eq { x } and @Eq { y } when they are separated by -gap @Eq { g }: @Eq { right(x) + length(g) + left(y) } when the gap mode is -edge-to-edge, the larger of @Eq { length(g) } and -@Eq { right(x) + left(y) } when the mode is mark-to-mark, and so on. Given -an object -@ID @Eq { -X = x sub 1 ````` bar g sub 1 ````` ... ````` { "-2p" @Font "^"}bar g sub i-1 -````` x sub i ````` ... ````` bar g sub n-1 ````` x sub n -} -we may calculate its size as follows: -@ID @Eq { -left(X) ^= left( x sub 1 ) + hgap( x sub 1 , g sub 1 , x sub 2 ) -+ ... + hgap( x sub i-1 , g sub i-1 , x sub i ) -/1.4vx -right(X) ^= hgap( x sub i , g sub i , x sub i+1 ) -+ ... + hgap( x sub n-1 , g sub n-1 , x sub n ) + right( x sub n ) -/1.4vx -"above"(X) ^= "above"(x sub 1 ) up ... up "above"(x sub n ) -/1.4vx -"below"(X) ^= "below"(x sub 1 ) up ... up "below"(x sub n ) -} -where @Eq { non up } returns the larger of its two parameters. Similar -formulas are easily derived for the other operators. -@PP -For purposes of exposition we will now make the simplifying -assumptions that all gaps are {@Code "0i"}, all column marks lie at -the left edge, and all row marks lie at the top edge. Then the size -of each object can be expressed by just two numbers, width and -height, and the four formulas reduce to -@ID @Eq { -width( x sub 1 rel bar ... rel bar x sub n ) ^= -width( x sub 1 ) + ... + width( x sub n ) -/1.4vx -height( x sub 1 rel bar ... rel bar x sub n ) ^= -height( x sub 1 ) up ... up height( x sub n ) -} -The corresponding formulas for vertical concatenation are -@ID @Eq { -width( x sub 1 rel "/" ... rel "/" x sub n ) ^= -width( x sub 1 ) up ... up width( x sub n ) -/1.4vx -height( x sub 1 rel "/" ... rel "/" x sub n ) ^= -height( x sub 1 ) + ... + height( x sub n ) -} -According to these formulas, the height of -@ID @Eq { @Fig { @Tree { -@Node @FCircle fraction -@LeftSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @LeftSub { @Node @FCircle a } - @RightSub { @Node @FCircle b } -} -@RightSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @LeftSub { @Node @FCircle c } - @RightSub { @Node @FCircle d } -} -}}} -is -@ID @Eq { -[ height(a) up height(b)] + [ height(c) up height(d)] -} -which is correct, but for width they yield -@ID @Eq { -[ width(a) + width(b)] up [ width(c) + width(d)] -} -which is not, since it does not take the merging of column marks into -account. The asymmetry between horizontal and vertical has come -about because the row entries, such as @Eq {a} and {@Eq {b}}, are -adjacent in the tree, but the column entries, such as @Eq {a} and -{@Eq {c}}, are not. It would be possible to solve this cross-linking -problem by augmenting the size information stored in each node to -record the number of marks and the size of each, but the author has -preferred the following method which makes structural changes to the -tree instead. -@PP -If @Eq { a } and @Eq { c } share a column mark, they each might as well -have width { @Eq {width(a) up width(c) }}, since all width calculations -apply to entire columns. Accordingly, we introduce a new operator, -@Eq {COL}, defined by -@ID @Eq { width( x sub 1 bin COL ... bin COL x sub n ) = -width( x sub 1 ) up ... up width( x sub n ) -} -and replace both @Eq { a } and @Eq { c } by {@Eq { a bin COL c }}. To -prevent @Eq { COL } operators from disturbing height calculations, we -define a binary operator called @Eq { SPLIT } by -@ID @Eq { width( x bin SPLIT y) ^= width(x) -/1.4vx -height( x bin SPLIT y) ^= height(y) } -which switches height and width calculations onto different -subtrees. Then the transformation -@ID @Eq { -@Fig { @Tree { - @Node @FCircle a -}} -&2m ==> &2m -@Fig { @Tree { - @Node @FEllipse SPLIT - @LeftSub { - @Node @FEllipse COL - @LeftSub { @Node @FCircle a } - @RightSub { @Node @FCircle c } - } - @RightSub { @Node @FCircle a } -}} -} -# where @Eq { S } denotes a @Eq { SPLIT } node and @Eq { C } denotes a -# @Eq { COL } node, -widens @Eq { a } to @Eq {width(a) up width(c) } without affecting its height; -it is applied to every object that shares its column mark with at least -one other object. A similar transformation involving a @Eq { ROW } operator -deals with shared row marks. The effect on our little table is to replace -@ID @Eq { @Fig { @Tree { -@Node @FCircle fraction -@LeftSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @LeftSub { @Node @FCircle a } - @RightSub { @Node @FCircle b } -} -@RightSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @LeftSub { @Node @FCircle c } - @RightSub { @Node @FCircle d } -} -}}} -by -@ID @Eq { @Fig maxlabels { "70" } { @Tree hmargin { "0.1c" } { -@Node @FCircle fraction -@FirstSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @FirstSub { - @Node @FEllipse SPLIT - @FirstSub { - @Node @FEllipse COL - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle a } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle c } - } - @NextSub { - @Node @FEllipse ROW - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle a } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle b } - } - } - @NextSub { - @Node @FEllipse SPLIT - @FirstSub { - @Node @FEllipse COL - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle b } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle d } - } - @NextSub { - @Node @FEllipse ROW - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle a } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle b } - } - } -} -@NextSub { - @Node @FCircle bar - @FirstSub { - @Node @FEllipse SPLIT - @FirstSub { - @Node @FEllipse COL - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle a } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle c } - } - @NextSub { - @Node @FEllipse ROW - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle c } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle d } - } - } - @NextSub { - @Node @FEllipse SPLIT - @FirstSub { - @Node @FEllipse COL - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle b } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle d } - } - @NextSub { - @Node @FEllipse ROW - @FirstSub { @Node @FCircle c } - @NextSub { @Node @FCircle d } - } - } -} -}}} -In fact, common subexpressions are identified (trivially) and the result -is a directed acyclic graph; each affected leaf has two parents, one for -width and one for height; and each @Eq { COL } or @Eq { ROW } node has -one parent and one child for each object lying on the corresponding -mark. The data structure roughly doubles in size, and this occurs only -rarely in practice. -@PP -This method can cope with any legal input, including -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"{ a // c | d } | { b / e }" -"/ { f / i } | { g | h // j }" -} -which produces overlapping spanning columns: -@ID @I @Fig { - @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 1.6c } 1.2f @Font a | - @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 0.6c } 1.2f @Font b | -// @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 0.6c } 1.2f @Font c | - @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 0.6c } 1.2f @Font d | - @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 0.6c } 1.2f @Font e | -// @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 0.6c } 1.2f @Font f | - @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 0.6c } 1.2f @Font g | - @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 0.6c } 1.2f @Font h | -// @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 0.6c } 1.2f @Font i | - @FBox margin { 0.2c } width { 1.6c } 1.2f @Font j | -} -The boxes have been added to clarify the structure. The width of this -object is formally -@ID @Eq { ((width(a) up (x + y)) + z) up (x + ((y + z) up width(j))) } -where -@IL -@ListItem @Eq { x = width(c) up width(`f`) up width(i) } -@ListItem @Eq { y = width(d`) up width(g) } -@ListItem @Eq { z = width(b) up width(e) up width(h) } -@EL -It seems clear that @Eq { y } at least must appear twice in any -expression for the width of this object made out of simple addition -and maxing operations, showing that an ordinary tree -structure is insufficient for overlapping spanning columns. The Basser -Lout interpreter actually rejects such structures, owing to the author's -doubts about the implementability of @I Constrained and @I AdjustSize -(Section {@NumberOf constraints}) on them; but with hindsight this caution -was unnecessary. -@PP -The directed acyclic graph is ordered in the sense that the order of -the edges entering and leaving each node matters. The structure is -highly dynamic, and traversals both with and against the arrows are -required. After a few ad-hoc attempts to extend the usual tree -representation had failed, the author developed a representation based -on doubly linked lists of records denoting links, whose flexibility more -than compensated for the somewhat excessive memory consumption. For example, -@ID @Eq { @Fig { - A:: @FCircle a |2c |2c B:: @FCircle b -/1.5c C:: @FCircle c | D:: @FCircle d -// A @JoinFigures arrow { forward } C -// A @JoinFigures arrow { forward } D -// B @JoinFigures arrow { forward } D -}} -is represented by -@CD @Eq { @Fig maxlabels { "300" } { -A:: @DagBox mid { @BlackDot } base { a } |2c |2c |2c |2c -B:: @DagBox mid { @BlackDot } base { b } -/1c L:: @DagBox top { @BlackDot } mid { @BlackDot } base { LK } -| M:: @DagBox top { @BlackDot } mid { @BlackDot } base { LK } -| | N:: @DagBox top { @BlackDot } mid { @BlackDot } base { LK } -/1c -C:: @DagBox top { @BlackDot } base { c } | | -D:: @DagBox top { @BlackDot } base { d } -// @TVShape nw { A@MID@CTR } ne { A@MID@CTR } sw {L@MID@CTR } se { M@MID@CTR } -// @TVShape nw { L@TOP@CTR } ne { L@TOP@CTR } sw {C@TOP@CTR } se { C@TOP@CTR } -// @TVShape nw { M@TOP@CTR } ne { N@TOP@CTR } sw {D@TOP@CTR } se { D@TOP@CTR } -// @TVShape nw { B@MID@CTR } ne { B@MID@CTR } sw {N@MID@CTR } se { N@MID@CTR } -}} -where @Eq { LK } tags a record representing a link. The first list -in any node contains all the incoming links, the second contains the -outgoing ones. The node serves as the header for both lists. The -required operations reduce to simple appends, deletes, and traversals -of doubly linked lists, all having small constant cost. There is a -highly tuned memory allocator, and care is taken to dispose of each node -when the last incoming link is deleted, so that there is no need for -garbage collection. -@PP -In normal use the number of nodes at higher levels of the dag is small -in comparison with the leaves and their incoming links, so we may -estimate the space complexity at about 60 bytes per input word (20 bytes -per link, 40 per leaf node). Careful optimization could easily halve -this, but since memory is reclaimed after printing each page there is -little need. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s2_5 b/doc/doc/design/s2_5 deleted file mode 100644 index 87d826b..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s2_5 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { style } - @Title { Context-sensitive attributes of objects } -@Begin -@PP -Although we are free to place any object in any context, the context -must influence the appearance of the object, since otherwise -@ID @Code "A short paragraph of text." -could not appear in a variety of fonts, column widths, etc. This -influence cannot take the purely static form that block-structured -languages use to associate values with identifiers, for then an operator -could not influence the appearance of its parameters; and a state -variable solution is not compatible with the overall functional design. -@PP -The information needed from the context seems quite limited, comprising -the font family, face, and size to use, the style of paragraph breaking -required, how much space to substitute between the words of paragraphs, -and how much horizontal and vertical space is available to receive the -object. These four items constitute the so-called `style information' -of Lout. As graphics rendering hardware improves, the style information -will probably grow to include colour and texture information. -@PP -The way to deal with fonts at least is very clear: -@ID @Code "{ Times Slope 12p } @Font { Hello, world }" -should have result -@ID { { Times Slope 12p } @Font { Hello, world } } -Lout also provides @Code "@Break" and @Code "@Space" symbols for -controlling the paragraph breaking and space styles mentioned -above. These work in the same way, returning their right -parameters in the style of their left. The implementation is very -simple: one merely broadcasts the style information down into the parse -tree of the right parameter. A font, for example, is converted to an -8-bit internal name and stored in each leaf, while a breaking style is -stored in the root node of each paragraph. -@PP -The same language design can be used for available width and height, -only here the implementation is much more demanding: -@ID @Code { -"2i @Wide {" -"(1) |0.1i An example" -"containing a small" -"paragraph of filled text." -"}" -} -is guaranteed to be two inches wide: -@ID { -2i @Wide { -(1) |0.1i An example -containing a small -paragraph of filled text. -} -} -One must calculate that 1.9 inches minus the width of @Code "(1)" is -available -to the paragraph, and break it accordingly; Basser Lout does this in two -stages. In the first, upward-moving stage, widths are calculated using the -formulae of Section {@NumberOf objects}, which assume that available -space is infinite. If the upward movement reaches a @Eq { WIDE } -node, corresponding to a @Code "@Wide" operator, and -the calculated width exceeds that allowed, a second, downward-moving stage -is initiated which attempts to reduce the width by finding and breaking -paragraphs. This second stage is quite routine except at @Code "|" nodes, -whose children are the columns of a table. It is necessary to apportion -the available width (minus inter-column gaps) among the columns. Basser -Lout leaves narrow columns unbroken and breaks the remaining columns to -equal width, using up all of the available space. -@PP -The size of an object is not clearly determined when the upward-moving -size is less than the downward-moving available space, and the object -contains constructs that depend on available space (e.g. right -justification). For example, in -@ID @Code "2i @Wide { Heading // a |1rt b }" -it seems natural to assign a width of two inches to the subobject -@Code "a |1rt b" because of the right justification, but it would be -equally plausible if the width of @Code Heading was assigned to the -subobject instead. The author is conscious of having failed to resolve -this matter properly; an extra operator for controlling available space -is probably necessary. -@PP -The actual paragraph breaking is just a simple transformation on the -parse tree; the real issue is how to describe the various styles: ragged -right, adjusted, outdented, and so on. Their diversity suggests that -they should somehow be defined using more basic features; but then there -are algorithms for high-quality paragraph breaking, which presumably -must be built-in. This dilemma was not clearly grasped by the author in -1985, and he included a built-in paragraph breaker, with the @Code -"@Break" operator selecting from a fixed set of styles. A much better -solution based on galleys will be given in Section {@NumberOf horizontal}, -but, regrettably, it is not implemented. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s2_9 b/doc/doc/design/s2_9 deleted file mode 100644 index 648a1b6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s2_9 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -@EndSubSections -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s3_0 b/doc/doc/design/s3_0 deleted file mode 100644 index 3f42ff5..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s3_0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Definitions } -@Begin -@PP -The need to provide a means of packaging useful pieces of code for easy -repeated use was recognised in the very earliest programming -languages. This need is even more acute in document formatting, if that -is possible, because the majority of users are not programmers and do -not understand the code they invoke. -@BeginSubSections diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s3_1 b/doc/doc/design/s3_1 deleted file mode 100644 index 2fb44c6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s3_1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { operators } - @Title { Operators } -@Begin -@PP -It is evident from the example of Eqn that user-defined operators are -needed that mimic the primitive ones in taking objects as parameters -and returning objects as results. For example, to define a superscript -operator so that -@ID @Code "2 sup n" -appears as {@Eq {2 sup @R n}}, the following operator definition may -be used: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def sup" -" precedence 50" -" associativity right" -" left x" -" right y" -"{" -" @OneRow { | {-2p @Font y} ^/0.5fk x }" -"}" -} -The @Code "sup" operator has precedence 50, is right associative, takes -two objects as parameters passed on the left and right, and returns the -object between braces as result. This object has the structure -@ID @I +2p @Font { -| @ShowMarks @Code y / @ShowMarks @Code x -} -but with the first row mark hidden by the @Code "@OneRow" operator, -and @Code y two points smaller than it would otherwise have been. The -length @Code "0.5f" specifies half the current font size; Figure -{@NumberOf gapmodes} describes the @Code k gap mode. In the Eq equation -formatting package [10] the equation as a whole is -set in italic font, and @Code 2 is an identifier whose body contains -a font change back to Roman. The digits @Code 0 to @Code 9 are classed -as punctuation characters, permitting @Code 234 for example to be -interpreted as a sequence of three identifiers. -@PP -These definitions are easily implemented by a standard symbol table -and an operator precedence parser. Algol block structure with the -usual scope rules was adopted as a matter of course. -@PP -Operators are limited to at most two parameters, left and -right, and the parameters cannot be given default values. @I Named -parameters solve both problems: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Preface" -" named @Tag {}" -" named @Title { Preface }" -" right @Body" -"{" -" Bold @Font @Title" -" //0.3v @Body" -"}" -} -The default value appears just after the parameter's declaration, -between braces. Invocations have a natural syntax: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Preface" -" @Title { About this book }" -"{" -" Few observers would have supposed in 1984, that ..." -"}" -} -with the actual named parameters following directly after the -operator, before any right parameter. In this example, @Code "@Tag" -will receive its default value, and a less expert user could safely -omit the @Code "@Title" parameter as well. -@PP -Lout permits named parameters to have parameters, a feature with -applications to bibliographic databases, running headers, and other -places where a format has to be supplied before content is -known. One could go further and provide a complete lambda calculus, -with functions as first-class objects, provided care was taken not -to intimidate the non-expert user. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s3_2 b/doc/doc/design/s3_2 deleted file mode 100644 index 0c5fd70..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s3_2 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { recursion } - @Title { Recursion and page layout } -@Begin -@PP -Design and implementation should proceed together in exploratory projects, -since otherwise the design too easily becomes unrealistic. Sometimes the -implementation does more than its designer intended. The author wrote the -following purely as a testing scaffold: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Page right x" -"{" -" 8i @Wide 11i @High" -" {" -" //1i ||1i x ||1i" -" //1i" -" }" -"}" -} -Only afterwards did he realize its significance: the concept of a page -had been defined outside the implementation, removing the need for -commands for setting page width and height, margins, and so on. -@PP -Defining a sequence of pages is harder, since their number is not known -in advance. A simple version of this same problem is afforded by the -leaders found in tables of contents: -@ID { -4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 53 } -} -This seemed to require recursion, specifically the definition -@ID @Code { -"def @Leaders { .. @Leaders }" -} -Note that both @Code ".." and @Code "@Leaders" are objects, so the two -spaces separating them are significant. No base case is given, and indeed -we have no boolean or conditional operators with which to express it; -but we can adopt the implicit base `if space is not sufficient, delete -{@Code "@Leaders"} and any preceding space'. Then the expression -@ID @Code "4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 53 }" -will produce the object shown above. It is hard to see how this base -could be made explicit, without violating the general principle of -keeping all size information internal. In the implementation, -@Code "@Leaders" remains unexpanded while sizes are being -calculated; then it is treated similarly to a receptive symbol, with -its body as an incoming galley (Section {@NumberOf flushing}). -@PP -With this settled, it is now clear how to define a document which is a -numbered sequence of pages. Let @Code "@Next" be a prefix operator -which returns its parameter plus one. Then -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @PageList" -" right @PageNum" -"{" -" @Page {" -" |0.5rt - @PageNum -" -" //1v @TextPlace" -" //1rt @FootSect" -" }" -" //" -" @PageList @Next @PageNum" -"}" -} -when invoked in the expression {@Code "@PageList 1"}, has for its result -the potentially infinite object -@ID @OneRow { -@LittlePage { -|0.5rt - 1 - -//1.2vx @Code "@TextPlace" -//1rt @Code "@FootSect" -} -// -@LittlePage { -|0.5rt - 2 - -//1.2vx @Code "@TextPlace" -//1rt @Code "@FootSect" -} -//0.2c -8p @Font @Code "@PageList 3" -} -Similarly, we may define @Code "@FootSect" like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @FootSect" -"{" -" def @FootList" -" right @Num" -" {" -" @FootPlace" -" //1v" -" @FootList @Next @Num" -" }" -"" -" 1i @Wide @HLine" -" //1v" -" @FootList 1" -"}" -} -so that an invocation of @Code "@FootSect" produces -@ID @OneRow @Code { -1i @Wide @HLine -"@FootPlace" -"@FootPlace" -"@FootPlace" -"..." -} -The expansion process is very similar to a BNF derivation, and would be -attempted only on demand. -@PP -Clearly, deciding which expansions to take and replacing @Code "@TextPlace" -and {@Code "@FootPlace"} by the appropriate actual text will not be easy; -this is the subject of Section {@NumberOf galleys}. The important point -for now is that we have here a very simple and flexible method of specifying -the layout of pages, which requires no specialized language features. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s3_3 b/doc/doc/design/s3_3 deleted file mode 100644 index d04a8db..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s3_3 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { modules } - @Title { Modules } -@Begin -@PP -It is well accepted that the visibility of symbols is not adequately -controlled by Algol block structure. The author is aware of several -major problems of this kind in document formatting. -@PP -One problem is that some symbols should be visible only within -restricted parts of a document. For example, we naturally expect -equation formatting to be accomplished like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"surrounding text" -"@Eq { {x sup 2 + 1} over 4 }" -"surrounding text" -} -with the symbols {@Code "sup"}, {@Code "over"}, etc., visible only within -the equation, not in the surrounding text. -@PP -It seems natural to define these symbols within {@Code "@Eq"}, since -they are local to equations. It only remains then to decree that -symbols local to @Code "@Eq" are to be visible within its actual right -parameter, and this is done by replacing the right formal parameter with a -@I body parameter: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"export sup over" -"def @Eq" -" body @Body" -"{" -" def sup ..." -" def over ..." -"" -" Slope @Font @Body" -"}" -} -The @Code export clause lists the identifiers which are permitted to be -visible outside their usual range, the body of {@Code "@Eq"}; and the -@Code body declaration imports them into (makes them visible within) -the actual right parameter of each invocation of {@Code "@Eq"}. This -arrangement has proven very convenient for defining a variety of -special-purpose packages. -@PP -Another problem arises when global symbols, such as the ones used for -headings and paragraph separators, call on values that the non-expert -user will need to modify, such as the initial font or paragraph -indent. These values are like parameters of the document as a whole, so -it is natural to try this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"export @Heading @PP ..." -"def @BookLayout" -" named @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }" -" named @InitialBreak { adjust 14p }" -" named @ColumnWidth { 6i }" -" ..." -"{" -" def @Heading ..." -" def @PP ..." -"}" -} -Now @Code "@Heading" and @Code "@PP" may invoke @Code "@InitialFont" -and the other parameters. To make @Code "@Heading" and @Code "@PP" -visible throughout the document, we need only add a body parameter to -@Code "@BookLayout" and present the entire document as -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@BookLayout" -" @InitialFont { Helvetica Base 10p }" -" @InitialBreak { adjust 12p }" -"{" -" The document." -"}" -} -but for practical reasons given below we prefer not to enclose the -entire document in braces. Instead, we write -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Use { @BookLayout" -" @InitialFont { Helvetica Base 10p }" -" @InitialBreak { adjust 12p }" -"}" -"The document." -} -which has the same effect: @Code "@Use" makes the exported symbols of -@Code "@BookLayout" visible for the remainder of the document, and is -permitted only at the beginning. -@PP -The third feature that affects visibility, and which will prove useful -for cross referencing (Section {@NumberOf cross}), is the @Code "@Open" -symbol. It makes the exported symbols of its left parameter visible -within its right parameter, and is therefore similar to the Pascal @Code -with statement. -@PP -It could be argued that Lout is over-supplied with these visibility modifying -features: the body parameter, @Code "@Use" and @Code "@Open" do not seem -sufficiently different from each another. The @Code "@Open" symbol is -the most general, being capable of replacing the other two. For -example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Use { x }" -"@Use { y }" -"Body of document" -} -can be replaced by -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"x @Open {" -"y @Open {" -"Body of document" -"}}" -} -and, taking the @Code "@Eq" symbol above as example, we could eliminate -its body parameter, add -@ID @Code "def @Body right x { Slope @Font x }" -to the exported definitions of {@Code "@Eq"}, and replace -@ID @Code "@Eq { object }" -by -@ID @Code "@Eq @Open { @Body { object } }" -If @Code "@Eq" is a galley (Section {@NumberOf galleys}), @Code "@Body" -must take over that function. But one would not want to write these -clumsy expressions in practice, and the enclosure of large quantities -of input in extra braces could cause Basser Lout to run out of memory -(Section {@NumberOf lookahead}). -@PP -A quite separate kind of visibility problem arises when expert -users wish to define an object or operator for repeated use within, say, -equations: -@ID @Code "def isum { sum from i=1 to n }" -As it stands this can only be placed within the @Code "@Eq" package itself, -where @Code "sum" and the other symbols are visible, but it is not desirable -to modify the source code of a standard package. Lout provides an -@Code "import" clause to solve this problem: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"import @Eq" -"def isum { sum from i=1 to n }" -} -may appear after @Code "@Eq" is defined, and it will make the exported symbols -of @Code "@Eq" visible within the body of {@Code "isum"}. This feature -complicates the treatment of environments (Section {@NumberOf defs.impl}), -and even introduces an insecurity, when @Code isum is invoked outside an -equation. A simpler approach would be to allow only one symbol in an -@Code import clause, and treat the following definition exactly like a -local definition of that symbol; but then it would not be possible -to define symbols using the resources of more than one of the standard -packages. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s3_4 b/doc/doc/design/s3_4 deleted file mode 100644 index 7b0f5bc..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s3_4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { defs.impl } - @Title { Implementation of definitions } -@Begin -@PP -Input is processed by a hybrid parser which employs operator precedence -for objects and simple recursive descent for the headers of -definitions. A symbol table stores the body of each definition as a -parse tree, except for macros which are lists of tokens, and manages the -usual stack of static scopes, accepting @I PushScope and @I PopScope -operations as the parser enters and leaves scope regions, including -actual body parameters and the right parameter of the @Code "@Open" -operator. -@PP -As the parse proceeds, a complete call graph is constructed, recording, -for each symbol, which symbols are invoked within its body. Immediately -after the last definition is read, the transitive closure of the call -graph is computed, and used to determine whether each non-parameter -symbol is recursive or receptive (Section {@NumberOf galleys}), and -whether each parameter is invoked exactly once or not. -@PP -Purely functional systems may evaluate symbol invocations in applicative -order (where parameters are evaluated before substitution into bodies), -or in normal order (substitution before evaluation), and they may also -share the value of a parameter among all uses of it. But in Basser -Lout, the presence of context-sensitive style information (Section -{@NumberOf style}) forces normal order evaluation and prevents sharing -of parameter values. -@PP -To evaluate an unsized object (pure parse tree), its {@I environment}, -the equivalent of the stack frames in Algol-like languages, must be -available, containing the actual values of all formal parameters -that are visible within the unsized object. Environment handling is -a well-known implementation technique, so it will be discussed -only briefly here. -@PP -Environments are extra subtrees hung from the objects they refer -to. This organization makes excellent use of the ordered dag to -permit environments to be shared, and deleted when the last -reference to them is removed. Several optimizations have been -implemented. Actual parameters known to be invoked only once are moved -in from the environment, not copied; copying could lead to quadratic time -complexity. Actual parameters of the form @Code "@Next" @I object -receive an applicative pre-evaluation which prevents long chains of -@Code "@Next" symbols from forming during the generation of large page -numbers. Some environments which provably contribute nothing are -deleted, most notably when a symbol invocation has no symbols within its -actual parameters and no import list, so that only the environment of its -body need be kept; this saves a great deal of space when objects with -environments are written to auxiliary files (Section {@NumberOf cross}). -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s3_9 b/doc/doc/design/s3_9 deleted file mode 100644 index 648a1b6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s3_9 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -@EndSubSections -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s4_0 b/doc/doc/design/s4_0 deleted file mode 100644 index 5f89426..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s4_0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { functional } - @Title { Implementation of the functional subset } -@Begin -@PP -The objects and definitions of Lout are very similar to those found in -other functional languages, and they form a natural subset of the -language. So we pause here and present an overview of the Basser Lout -object evaluation algorithm. -@PP -The problem is to take an unsized object (pure parse tree), its -environment (Section {@NumberOf defs.impl}), and its style -(Section {@NumberOf style}), and to produce a PostScript file for -rendering the object on an output device. This file is essentially a -sequence of instructions to print a given string of characters in a -given font at a given point. -@PP -Before the algorithm begins, the parse tree must be obtained, either by -parsing input or by copying from the symbol table. Afterwards the data -structure must be disposed. The algorithm proper consists of five -passes, each a recursive traversal of the structure from the root down -to the leaves and back. -@DP -@I {1. Evaluation of unsized objects.} On the way down, calculate -environments and replace non-recursive, non-receptive symbols by their -bodies (Section {@NumberOf defs.impl}); broadcast fonts to the leaves, -and paragraph breaking and spacing styles to the paragraph nodes. On the -way back up, delete @Eq { FONT }, @Eq { BREAK }, and @Eq { SPACE } nodes, -and insert @Eq { SPLIT }, @Eq { COL }, and @Eq { ROW } nodes -(Section {@NumberOf objects}). -@DP -@I {2. Width calculations and breaking.} Calculate the width of every -subobject from the bottom up. As described in Section {@NumberOf objects}, -@Eq { WIDE } nodes may trigger object breaking sub-traversals during this pass. -@DP -@I {3. Height calculations.} Calculate the height of every subobject, -from the bottom up. -@DP -@I {4. Horizontal coordinates.} Calculate the horizontal coordinate of -each subobject from the top down, and store each leaf's coordinate in -the leaf. -@DP -@I {5. Vertical coordinates and PostScript generation.} Calculate the -vertical coordinate of every subobject from the top down, and at each -leaf, retrieve the character string, font, and horizontal coordinate, -and print the PostScript instruction for rendering that leaf. -@DP -Figure {@NumberOf components} gives the amount of code required for each - -@Figure - @Tag { components } - @Caption { Major components of the Basser Lout interpreter, showing -the approximate number of lines of C code. } -@Begin -@Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @RR A ! @Col B ! @Col @RR C } - @Fmtb { @Col @RR A ! @Col B ! @Col C } -{ - @Rowa A { 1. } B { Initialization } C { 200 } - @Rowa A { 2. } B { Memory allocation, ordered dag operations } C { 400 } - @Rowa A { 3. } B { Lexical analysis, macros, file handling } C { 1,350 } - @Rowa A { 4. } B { Parsing of objects and definitions } C { 1,150 } - @Rowa A { 5. } B { Symbol table and call graph } C { 600 } - @Rowa A { 6. } B { Evaluation of pure parse trees } C { 1,650 } - @Rowa A { 7. } B { Reading, storing, and scaling of fonts } C { 600 } - @Rowa A { 8. } B { Cross references and databases } C { 1,000 } - @Rowa A { 9. } B { Width and height calculations, and breaking } C { 700 } - @Rowa A { 10. } B { @I Constrained and @I AdjustSize } C { 700 } - @Rowa A { 11. } B { Transfer of sized objects into galley tree } C { 450 } - @Rowa A { 12. } B { Galley flushing algorithm } C { 1,500 } - @Rowa A { 13. } B { Coordinate calculations and PostScript output } C { 700 } - @Rowa A { 14. } B { Debugging and error handling } C { 1,200 } - @Rowb vmargin { 0.1c } C { @Line } - @Rowa C { 12,200 } -} -@End @Figure - -pass. Symmetry between horizontal and vertical is exploited throughout -Basser Lout, and passes 2 and 3, as well as 4 and 5, are executed on -shared code. -@PP -The author can see no simple way to reduce the number of passes. The -introduction of horizontal galleys (Section {@NumberOf horizontal}) -would remove the need for the object breaking transformations within this -algorithm that are the principal obstacles in the way of the merging of -passes 2 and 3. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s5_0 b/doc/doc/design/s5_0 deleted file mode 100644 index d176f77..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s5_0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Galleys } -@Begin -@PP -With objects and definitions under control, the author faced the problem -of getting body text, footnotes, floating figures and tables, -references, index entries, and entries in the table of contents into -their places. The resulting investigation occupied three months of -full-time design work, and proceeded approximately as described in -Section {@NumberOf galleys}; the implementation occupied the years 1987-89. -@BeginSubSections diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s5_1 b/doc/doc/design/s5_1 deleted file mode 100644 index ab65bb9..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s5_1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,123 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { galleys } - @Title { The galley abstraction } -@Begin -@PP -Let us take the footnote as a representative example. At some point in -the document, we wish to write -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@FootNote { footnote text }" -"following text" -} -and we expect the formatter to remove the footnote from this context and -place it at the bottom of the current page, possibly splitting some or -all of it onto a following page if space is insufficient. -@PP -An object appears in the final document at the point it is invoked, but -this basic property does not hold for footnotes: the point of -invocation and the point of appearance are different. In some way, the -footnote is attached to the document at both points, introducing a cross -linking (Section {@NumberOf genesis}) that cannot be described in purely -functional terms. -@PP -Since the interpretation of any object depends on an environment and -style inherited from the context, the first question must be whether -the footnote inherits them through the invocation point or through -the point(s) of appearance. -@PP -If symbols are to be interpreted statically as heretofore, then environments -must be inherited through the invocation point alone. Dynamic inheritance -through the point of appearance is enticing in some ways: it might -replace the body parameter, and it might help with automatic numbering, -since the number of a footnote is known only at the point of appearance; -but the implementation problems are severe, and static inheritance seems -much simpler and more comprehensible to the user. Style, at least its -available width and height part, must of necessity be inherited through -the point of appearance. For consistency, the entire style should be -inherited in this way. There is a suggestive analogy here with actual -parameters, which have a point of invocation from which they inherit an -environment, and a point of appearance within the body of the enclosing -definition, from which they inherit a style. It may be possible to treat -a footnote as the actual parameter of some symbol, therefore, although -the details seem very obscure. -@PP -But the most profound consequence of having two types of attachment -point is that it leads to two distinctive tree structures. Considering -invocation points only leads to static trees like this one: -@ID @I @Fig margin { 0.3c } { @Tree { -@Node @Ellipse { body text } -@LeftSub { @Node @Ellipse footnote } -@RightSub { - @Node @Ellipse figure - @FirstSub { @Node @Ellipse footnote } -} -}} -which shows that the body text contains a footnote and a figure, the -latter itself containing a footnote. Considering points of appearance -only gives a completely different, dynamic tree: -@ID @I @Fig margin { 0.3c } { @Tree { -@Node @Ellipse { sequence of pages } -@FirstSub { @Node @Ellipse { body text } } -@NextSub { @Node @Ellipse { footnote } } -@NextSub { @Node @Ellipse { figure } } -@NextSub { @Node @Ellipse { footnote } } -}} -The tree can be deeper, for example with sections appearing within -chapters which appear within the body text, which appears within the -final sequence of pages. Document formatting languages generally shirk -the issues raised by this dual tree structure, by making the dynamic -tree built-in, by limiting one or both trees to two levels, and so on, -providing a classic example of the impoverishing effect of failing to -permit language features to attain their natural level of generality. -@PP -We are thus led to propose a second abstraction for document formatting, -which we name the @I galley in recognition of its similarity to the -galleys used in manual typesetting. A galley consists of an object (such -as a footnote) together with a sequence of places where that object may -appear (such as the bottoms of the current and following pages). Splitting -occurs quite naturally when space at any place is insufficient to hold -the entire object. -@PP -In Lout, a footnote galley and its place of appearance are defined -as follows: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @FootPlace { @Galley }" -"" -"def @FootNote into { @FootPlace&&following }" -" right x" -"{ x }" -} -The @Code "@FootPlace" symbol contains the special symbol {@Code "@Galley"}, -indicating that it is a point of appearance for a galley. By placing -invocations of @Code "@FootPlace" at the bottoms of pages, as in Section -{@NumberOf recursion}, we define the desired points of appearance for -footnotes. Symbols whose body contains @Code "@Galley" either directly -or indirectly are called receptive symbols, meaning receptive to -galleys, and they are expanded only on demand. The effect of the -@Code "into" clause is to make each invocation of @Code "@FootNote" a -galley whose object is the result of the invocation in the usual way, -and whose sequence of points of appearance is specified by the @Code "into" -clause; in this example, the sequence of all @Code "@FootPlace" symbols -following the invocation point. -@PP -Lout permits galleys to be invoked within other galleys to arbitrary -depth, so that one may have footnotes within figures within the body -text galley, for example, creating arbitrary static trees. Receptive -symbols like @Code "@FootPlace" may appear within any galley, creating -arbitrary dynamic trees as well. The root of the dynamic tree, which -would normally consist of the sequence of pages of the complete assembled -document, is considered to be a galley whose point of appearance is the -output file. Points of appearance may be @Code preceding or @Code following -the invocation point; entries in tables of contents are the main users -of {@Code preceding}. -@PP -The galley abstraction is adequate for all of the applications listed at -the beginning of this section, except that there is no provision for -sorting index entries and references. Sorting of galleys has been added -to Lout as a built-in feature, invoked by adding a special @Code "@Key" -parameter to the galleys, and using its value as the sort key. The author -was at a loss to find any other way, or any useful generalization of this -feature. Its implementation will be discussed in Section -{@NumberOf cross.impl}. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s5_2 b/doc/doc/design/s5_2 deleted file mode 100644 index a81630d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s5_2 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,372 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { flushing } - @Title { The galley flushing algorithm } -@Begin -@PP -Galley components are promoted one by one into the point of appearance in -the dynamic parent galley, then carried along with it, ultimately to the -root galley and the output file. This process is called @I galley -{@I flushing}: the galleys are rivers running together to the sea, and -each component is a drop of water. -@PP -Here is a snapshot of a small dynamic tree, based on the @Code "@PageList" -definitions of Section {@NumberOf recursion}: -@ID @Fig { - -@I 10p @Font { output file } A:: @Box linestyle { noline } margin { 0c } - -||2c - -{ -@I 10p @Font { root galley } -//0.2c -B:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } -// -@LittlePage { -|0.5rt - 1 - -//1.2vx &2m A small -//1.2vx @Code "@Galley" * C:: @Box margin { 0.01c } linestyle { noline } -//1rt @Code "@FootSect" -} -// -@Box margin { 0.3c } 2.8c @Wide 8p @Font @Code "@PageList 2" -} - -||2c - -{ -//0.9c @I 10p @Font { body text } -//0.2c D:: @Box margin { 0.3c } 2.8c @Wide 8p @Font paragraph -// @Box margin { 0.3c } 2.8c @Wide 8p @Font { of text. } -// @Box margin { 0.3c } 2.8c @Wide @Code 8p @Font "@Input" -} - -// @Arrow from { B@W } to { A@E } -// @Arrow from { D@W } to { C@E } - -} -The components of the body text galley are lines, except for the special -receptive symbol @Code "@Input" which is a placeholder for as yet unread -input (Section {@NumberOf lookahead}). The components of the root galley are -pages, except for the concluding unexpanded invocation of {@Code "@PageList"}, -which is an inexhaustible source of more pages, expanded on demand. -@PP -The concrete data structure used by Basser Lout permits the galley -flushing algorithm to navigate the dynamic tree and find significant -features quickly: -@ID 10p @Font @Fig maxlabels { 100 } { - -A:: @Ellipse @I { HEAD } - -||1.5c - -@OneCol @OneRow { -B:: @Ellipse @I { RECEIVING * } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle B@W A@CIRCUM} } to { B@W } -//0.6c -C:: @Ellipse @I { RECEPTIVE } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle C@W A@CIRCUM} } to { C@W } -//0.6c -D:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle D@NW A@CIRCUM} } to { D@NW } -// -@LittlePage { -|0.5rt - 1 - -//1.2vx &2m A small -//1.2vx E:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } @Code "@Galley " -//1rt F:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } @Code "@FootSect " -} -// @FunnyArrow arrow { forward } from { B@E } to { E@E } -// @FunnyArrow arrow { forward } from { C@E } to { F@E } -//0.6c -C:: @Ellipse @I { GAP } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle C@W A@CIRCUM} } to { C@W } -//0.6c -C:: @Ellipse @I { RECEPTIVE } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle C@W A@CIRCUM} } to { C@W } -//0.6c -D:: @Box margin { 0.3c } 2.8c @Wide 8p @Font @Code "@PageList 2" -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle D@NW A@CIRCUM} } to { D@NW } -// @FunnyArrow from { C@E } to { D@W ++ { 1.8 cm 0 } } -} - -||1.0c - -A:: @Ellipse @I { HEAD } -& @Arrow from { B@E } to { A@W } - -||1.5c - -@OneCol @OneRow { -B:: @Box margin { 0.3c } 2.8c @Wide 8p @Font paragraph -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle B@W A@CIRCUM} } to { B@W } -//0.6c -B:: @Ellipse @I { GAP } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle B@W A@CIRCUM} } to { B@W } -//0.6c -B:: @Box margin { 0.3c } 2.8c @Wide 8p @Font { of text. } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle B@NW A@CIRCUM} } to { B@NW } -//0.6c -B:: @Ellipse @I { GAP } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle B@W A@CIRCUM} } to { B@W } -//0.6c -B:: @Ellipse @I { RECEPTIVE } -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle B@W A@CIRCUM} } to { B@W } -//0.6c -C:: @Box margin { 0.3c } 2.8c @Wide 8p @Font @Code "@Input" -// @Arrow from { A@CTR ++ {A@CTR @Angle C@NW A@CIRCUM} } to { C@NW } -// @FunnyArrow from { B@E } to { C@W ++ { 1.2 cm 0 } } -} - -} -Each galley has a @Eq { HEAD } node whose children are its component -objects, separated by @Eq { GAP } nodes recording the inter-component -gaps. -@PP -Each component is preceded by zero or more @I {galley index nodes} of -various types. Every receptive symbol has a @Eq { RECEPTIVE } index pointing -to it, so that it can be found without searching through its -component. If the symbol is currently the target of a galley, it has a -@Eq { RECEIVING } index instead which is also linked to the incoming -galley. Galleys that are currently without a target are linked to the -dynamic tree by @Eq { UNATTACHED } galley indexes, either just after their -most recent target if there has been one, or else at their point of -invocation. -@PP -Each galley should be thought of as a concurrent process, although the -implementation in C uses coroutines implemented by procedures. A galley -may promote its first component only if it has a target, sufficient space -is available at the target to receive the component, and the component -contains no receptive symbols. This last condition seems to be the key -to galley synchronization: it forces a bottom-up promotion regime, -preventing pages from flushing to output before text flushes into them, -for example. -@PP -Each galley contains a number of binary semaphores, shown as asterisks -in our snapshots when set. At any given moment, a galley process is -either running or else is suspended on one of its own semaphores. The -@Eq { HEAD } node contains a semaphore which is set when the galley has tried -to find a target and failed. Each receptive symbol has a semaphore -which is set when that symbol is preventing the first component from -being promoted. -@PP -For example, in the snapshot at the beginning of this section, the root -galley is suspended on the @Code "@Galley" symbol, but the text galley -is running. It will suspend on the @Code "@Input" symbol after the -first two components are promoted. -@PP -Every galley {@I G}, be it a list of pages, body text, a footnote, or -whatever, executes the following algorithm in parallel with every other -galley: -@DP -1. Initially @I G is unattached. Search forwards or backwards from its -@Eq { UNATTACHED } index as required, to find a receptive symbol @I S which -can expand to reveal a target for {@I G}. -@DP -2. If no @I S can be found, suspend on the attachment semaphore. Resume -later from step 1. -@DP -3. Expand @I S to reveal the target of {@I G}. Preserve {@I S}'s -semaphore by moving it to the first receptive symbol within the -expansion of {@I S}. -@DP -4. Calculate the available width and height at the target, and if -@I G is still a pure parse tree, use the environment attached to @I G -and the style information from the target to evaluate @I G as in -Section {@NumberOf functional}. -@DP -5. Examine the components of @I G one by one. For each component there -are three possibilities: -@PP -@I ACCEPT. If the component fits into the available space, and has -no other problems, then promote it into the target. If this is the -first component promoted into this target, and @I G is a forcing -galley (Section {@NumberOf lookahead}), delete every receptive symbol -preceding the target in the parent galley. If @I G is the root galley, -render the component on the output file and dispose it; -@PP -@I REJECT. If the component is too large for the available space, or a -@Eq { FOLLOWS } index (described below) forbids its promotion into this -target, then detach @I G from the target. If this was the first component -at this target, @I S has been a complete failure, so undo step 3 (Basser -Lout is not able to undo step 4); otherwise delete the target. Return to -step 1 and continue immediately; -@PP -@I SUSPEND. If the component contains a receptive symbol, it cannot be -promoted yet. If this symbol is the target of a galley that was written -to an auxiliary file on a previous run, read in that galley and flush -it. Otherwise suspend on the receptive symbol's semaphore; resume later -from step 4. -@DP -6. Terminate when the galley is empty. -@DP -At various points in this algorithm, receptive symbols (and their -semaphores) are deleted in the dynamic parent galley, possibly -permitting it to resume flushing. When this happens, Basser Lout resumes -the parent immediately after @I G suspends or terminates. Also, -whenever a component is promoted, any child galleys connected to -it by @Eq { UNATTACHED } indexes must be resumed, since these -galleys may be able to find a target now. A good example of this -situation occurs when a line of body text with one or more footnotes -is promoted onto a page. Basser Lout gives priority to such children, -suspending @I G while each is given a chance to flush. -@PP -Basser Lout searches for the first target of @I G only in regions of the -dynamic tree that will clearly precede or follow {@I G}'s invocation -point in the final printed document, whichever is specified in the -@Code into clause; subsequent targets are sought later in the same -galley as the first. An exception to this rule, whose necessity will -be made clear later, is that a first @Code following target will be -sought within a dynamic sibling galley preceding {@I G}'s invocation -point: -@ID 10p @Font @Fig { - -{ -@I { dynamic parent } -//0.2c -@Box 2.8c @Wide 4.5c @High -{ - //0.5c A:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } @Code "@XTarget" - //1.0c C:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } @Eq { UNATTACHED } - //1.3c @Code "@XTarget" -} -} - -||1.5c - -{ -//0.6c -B:: @Box margin {0c} linestyle {noline} @Code "X into { @XTarget&&following }" -//0.2c -@Box 2.8c @Wide 1.5c @High { //0.8c @Code "@GTarget" } -//1.0c -D:: @Box margin {0c} linestyle {noline} @Code "G into { @GTarget&&following }" -//0.2c -@Box 2.8c @Wide 2.5c @High {} -} - -// @Arrow from { A@E ++ {0.2 cm 0} } to { B@W -- {0.2 cm 0} } -// @Arrow from { C@E ++ {0.2 cm 0} } to { D@W -- {0.2 cm 0} } - -} -Here @I G will find the @Code "@GTarget" target within {@I X}. This is -dangerous, since if the first component of @I G is then promoted via -@I X into the first {@Code "@XTarget"} rather than into the second, -{@I G}'s target will not appear later in the final printed document than -its invocation point, as required by the @Code into clause. -@PP -Accordingly, when such a target is chosen, two special galley indexes -are inserted and linked together: a @Eq { PRECEDES } index at {@I G}'s -invocation point, and a @Eq { FOLLOWS } index at the first component of -{@I G}. The algorithm checks before promoting any @Eq { FOLLOWS } index -that its promotion would not place it earlier than the corresponding -@Eq { PRECEDES } index in the same galley, and rejects the component if -it would. Since @Eq { PRECEDES } and @Eq { FOLLOWS } indexes are rarely used, -this check can be implemented by linear search. -@PP -When two components are separated by {@Code "/"}, as opposed to the more -usual {@Code "//"}, each influences the horizontal position of the -other. Because of this, the @I SUSPEND action is in fact taken if a -receptive symbol occurs in any component separated from the first by -{@Code "/"} operators only. Again, linear search forwards to the first -{@Code "//"} suffices for this check. -@PP -A good illustration of these unusual cases is afforded by the -@Code "@Align" symbols from the standard DocumentLayout package. These -are used to produce displayed equations, aligned on their equals signs -despite being separated by arbitrary body text. -@PP -The @Code "@Align" symbols are packaged neatly for the convenience of -the non-expert user, but we will show just the essence of the -implementation here. First, an @Code "@AlignList" galley is created -which contains an infinite supply of @Code "@AlignPlace" receptive -symbols separated by @Code "/" operators: -@ID @Fig { - -{ -@I { body text galley } -//0.2c -@Box 2.8c @Wide 4.0c @High -{ //1.5c - A:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } @Code "@Galley" -} -} - -||1.5c - -{ -//2.4c -B:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } @Code "@AlignList" -//0.2c -@Box { - @Code "@AlignPlace" -//1vx @Code "@AlignPlace" -//1vx @Code "..." -//1vx @Code "@EndAlignList" -} - -} - -// @Arrow from { A@E ++ {0.2 cm 0} } to { B@W -- {0.2 cm 0} } -} -Then equations like -@ID @ShowMarks @Eq { f(x) ^= g(x) + 2 } -are created and sent to @Code "@AlignPlace&&following" targets. They -collect in the @Code "@AlignList" galley and are aligned there: -@ID @Fig { - -{ -@I { body text galley } -//0.2c -@Box 2.8c @Wide 4.0c @High -{ //1.5c - A:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } @Code "@Galley" -} -} - -||1.5c - -{ -//2.4c -B:: @Box margin { 0c } linestyle { noline } @Code "@AlignList" -//0.2c -@Box { - @Line linestyle { dashed } from { xmark ysize } to { xmark 0 } - { - @Eq { f(x) ^= g(x) + 2 } - /1vx @Eq { f(x) - g(x) ^= 2 } - /1vx @Code "..." - /1vx @Code "@EndAlignList" - } -} - -} - -// @Arrow from { A@E ++ {0.2 cm 0} } to { B@W -- {0.2 cm 0} } -} -The @Code "@AlignList" galley does not flush, because its first -component is connected to a receptive symbol by @Code "/" operators. -@PP -After the last equation, an empty forcing galley is sent to -{@Code "@EndAlignList"}, deleting the two remaining receptive symbols from -the @Code "@AlignList" galley and permitting it to flush. @Eq { FOLLOWS } -indexes ensure that each equation finds a target placed in the body text -just after its point of invocation, so the equations return, aligned, to -approximately the points where they were invoked. Notice that the flushing -of body text is suspended until the list of equations is completed, as it -must be, since the horizontal position of the first equation cannot -be known until the last equation is added to the list. -@PP -Layout quality can occasionally be improved by rejecting a component -that could be promoted -- for example, a component of body text that -carries a footnote too large to fit on the current page. Since Lout -does not specify how breaking decisions are made, beyond the basic -constraints imposed by available space and @Code into clauses, in -principle such high quality breaking could be added to the -implementation with no change to the language. However, the -generality of the galley flushing algorithm, and its already -considerable complexity, make this a daunting problem in practice, -although a fascinating one. @TeX [9], with its unnested -set of `floating insertions' clearly identifiable as each page is begun, -has the advantage in this respect. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s5_3 b/doc/doc/design/s5_3 deleted file mode 100644 index 3ff9881..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s5_3 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,125 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { constraints } - @Title { Size constraints and size adjustments } -@Begin -@PP -The galley flushing algorithm needs to know the available width and -height at each receptive symbol. These symbols may lie within -arbitrarily complex objects, and they may compete with each other for -available space (as body text and footnote targets do), so this -information must be extracted from the tree structure when required. -@PP -For example, consider the object -@ID @Code "5i @Wide { a / b }" -and suppose that the width of @Code { a } is @Eq { 1i, 2i } (@Eq {1i} to -the left of the mark, @Eq { 2i } to the right). What then is the -available width at {@Code { b }}? If we let the width of @Code b be -@Eq {l,r}, we must have -@ID @Eq { (1i up l) + (2i up r) <= 5i } -with the @Eq {non up } (i.e. max) operations arising from mark -alignment. Eliminating them gives -@ID @OneRow @Eq { -matrix { - { 1i + 2i ^<= 5i } -mabove { l + 2i ^<= 5i } -mabove { 1i + r ^<= 5i } -mabove { l + r ^<= 5i } -} -} -and since we assume that @Code a fits into the available space, the -first inequality may be dropped, leaving -@ID @OneRow @Eq { -matrix { - { l ^<= 3i } -mabove { l + r ^<= 5i } -mabove { r ^<= 4i } -} -} -Object @Code b may have width @Eq {l, r} for any @Eq { l } and -@Eq { r } satisfying these inequalities, and no others. -@PP -Here is another example: -@ID @Code "5i @High { a /2ix b }" -Assuming that @Code a has height @Eq {1i,1i}, the height @Eq {l, r} of -@Code b must satisfy -@ID @Eq { 1i + ((1i + l) up 2i) + r <= 5i } -This time the @Eq { non up } operation arises from the mark-to-mark gap -mode, which will widen the @Eq { 2i } gap if necessary to prevent -@Code a and @Code b from overlapping. This inequality can be rewritten as -@ID @OneRow @Eq { -matrix { - { l ^<= infinity } -mabove { l + r ^<= 3i } -mabove { r ^<= 2i } -} -} -In general, Lout is designed so that the available width or height at -any point can be expressed by three inequalities of the form -@ID @OneRow @Eq { -matrix { - { l ^<= x } -mabove { l + r ^<= y } -mabove { r ^<= z } -} -} -where @Eq {x }, @Eq {y} and @Eq {z} may be @Eq { infinity }. We -abbreviate these three inequalities to @Eq { l, r <= x, y, z }, and we -call @Eq {x, y, z} a {@I{size constraint}}. -@PP -The two examples above showed how to propagate the size constraint -@Eq { infinity, 5i, infinity } for -@Code "a / b" down one level to the child {@Code b}. Basser Lout -contains a complete set of general rules for all node types, too -complicated to give here. Instead, we give just one example of how -these rules are derived, using the object -@ID @OneRow { -@Eq {x sub 1} @Code "/" @Eq {x sub 2} @Code "/" @Eq {ldots} @Code -"/" @Eq {x sub n} -} -where @Eq { x sub j } has width @Eq { l sub j , r sub j } for all @Eq {j}. -@PP -Suppose the whole object has width constraint @OneCol @Eq {X,Y,Z}, and we -require the width constraint of {@Eq { x sub i }}. Let -@Eq { L = max sub j ` l sub j } and @Eq { R = max sub j ` r sub j }, -so that @OneCol @Eq {L, R} is the width of the whole object. We assume -@Eq {L, R <= X,Y,Z}. Then @Eq { x sub i } can be enlarged to any size -@Eq { l sub i ` , r sub i } satisfying -@ID @Eq { ( l sub i up L), ( r sub i up R) <= X, Y, Z } -which expands to eight inequalities: -@ID @OneRow @Eq { -matrix { - { l sub i ^<= X } -mabove { L ^<= X } -mabove { l sub i + r sub i ^<= Y } -mabove { l sub i + R ^<= Y } -mabove { L + r sub i ^<= Y } -mabove { L + R ^<= Y } -mabove { r sub i ^<= Z } -mabove { R ^<= Z } -} -} -Three are already known, and slightly rearranging the others gives -@ID @OneRow @Eq { -matrix { - { l sub i ^<= X } -mabove { l sub i ^<= Y - R } -mabove { l sub i + r sub i ^<= Y } -mabove { r sub i ^<= Z } -mabove { r sub i ^<= Y - L } -} -} -Therefore the width constraint of @Eq { x sub i } is -@ID @Eq { min(X, Y-R), Y, min(Z, Y-L) } -The size constraint of any node can be found by climbing the tree to a -@I WIDE or @I HIGH node where the constraint is trivial, then propagating -it back down to the node, and this is the function of procedure -{@I Constrained} in Basser Lout. -@PP -After some components have been promoted into a target, the sizes stored -in its parent and higher ancestors must be adjusted to reflect the -increased size. This is done by yet another set of recursive rules, -upward-moving this time, which cease as soon as some ancestor's size -does not change. These rules are embodied in procedure @I AdjustSize -of Basser Lout. The adjustment must be done before relinquishing -control to any other galley, but not after every component. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s5_4 b/doc/doc/design/s5_4 deleted file mode 100644 index b91d7ce..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s5_4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,97 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { lookahead } - @Title { The limited lookahead problem } -@Begin -@PP -Basser Lout assumes that there will be enough internal memory to hold -the symbol table plus a few pages, but not an entire document. This -section describes the consequent problems and how they were solved. -Other interpreters, notably interactive editors running on virtual -memory systems, would not necessarily need this assumption. -@PP -Although Basser Lout can read and format any legal input, its memory -consumption will be optimized when the bulk of the document resides in -galleys whose targets can be identified at the moment they are -encountered. Let us take the typical example of a root galley which -is a list of pages, a @Code "@BodyText" galley targeted into the -pages, @Code "@Chapter" galleys targeted into {@Code "@BodyText"}, -and @Code "@Section" galleys targeted into the @Code "@Chapter" -galleys: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@PageList" -"//" -"@BodyText" -"//" -"@Chapter {" -" @Section { ... }" -" @Section { ... }" -" ..." -" @Section { ... }" -"}" -"@Chapter {" -" ..." -"}" -} -Basser Lout is able to read and process such galleys one paragraph at -a time (strictly, from one @Code "//" at the outer level of a galley -to the next), as we now describe. -@PP -When the parser encounters the beginning of a galley, like @Code "@Chapter" -or {@Code "@Section"}, it initiates a new galley process. The special -receptive symbol @Code "@Input" is substituted for the as yet -unread right parameter of the galley. As each paragraph of the right -parameter is read, it is deleted from the parse tree and injected into -the galley's {@Code "@Input"}. The galley is then resumed. The parser -thus acts as an extra -concurrent process; it has low priority, so that input is read only when -there is nothing else to do. Since galleys may be nested, a stack of -@Code "@Input" symbols is needed, each with its own environment and -style. If a galley is encountered for which a target is not immediately -identifiable (a footnote, for example), it is read in its entirety and -hung in pure parse tree form from an @I UNATTACHED index in the usual way, -with an environment but without a style. It will be flushed later -when its component is promoted. -@PP -In addition to producing a steady flow of components from input, we must -also ensure that receptive symbols do not unduly block their -promotion. The @Code "@FootSect" symbol at the foot of each page is a -typical example: until it is deleted the page cannot be printed. -@PP -Receptive symbols are expanded only on demand, so @Code "@FootSect" can -be deleted as soon as we can prove that it is not wanted. The symbol -table can tell us that only @Code "@FootNote" galleys (with -@Code "@FootPlace&&following" targets) want it, so it might be possible -to deduce that @Code "@FootSect" may be deleted as soon as body text -enters the following page. -@PP -The author was unable to make this work, so Basser Lout requires the -user to identify those galleys which will carry the bulk of the document -({@Code "@Chapter"}, {@Code "@Section"}, {@Code "@BodyText"}) as -{@I {forcing galleys}}, by writing @Code "force into" instead of -@Code "into" in their definitions. As described in the previous -section, when a forcing galley attaches to a target, all receptive -symbols preceding the target in its galley are deleted, removing all -impediments to flushing. For example, when a forcing body text galley -enters a new page, the @Code "@FootSect" symbol on the preceding page -will be deleted. It seems likely that a system which could afford to -wait until all input was read before deleting any receptive symbols -would not need forcing galleys. -@PP -Galleys whose targets are a long way from their invocation points can be -a problem. If the direction is {@Code "following"}, such galleys are -held in internal memory for a long time, unless they are to be -sorted. If the direction is -{@Code "preceding"}, then either the entire intervening document must be -held in memory (prevented by the target from flushing), or else some -forcing galley prematurely deletes the target, leaving the galley bereft. -@PP -The typical example of the latter case occurs when the galley is an -entry in the table of contents, launched backwards from the beginning of -a chapter or section. Its target in the table of contents will have -been deleted long before, to permit the rest of the document to print, -so the galley ultimately emerges as an unattached galley promoted out of -the root galley. All such galleys are written to an auxiliary file, -indexed by the missing target. On the next run, just before that target -is deleted, the auxiliary file is checked and any galleys for it are -read in and flushed. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s5_5 b/doc/doc/design/s5_5 deleted file mode 100644 index af4d88b..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s5_5 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { horizontal } - @Title { Horizontal galleys } -@Begin -@PP -There is a strong analogy between breaking a column of text into -page-sized pieces, and breaking a paragraph into line-sized pieces. In -fact, the two differ only in direction: vertical for body text, -horizontal for paragraphs. In this section we define {@I{horizontal -galleys}}, and show how they provide an unlimited number of paragraph -breaking styles, as well as solve some other problems. Regrettably, -lack of time has prevented their incorporation into the Basser Lout -interpreter. -@PP -Imagine a galley whose components are separated by horizontal -concatenation operators instead of vertical ones, perhaps indicated by a -@Code { horizontally into } clause. Then all object breaking, including -paragraph breaking, could be replaced by galley component promotion like -this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Paragraph right x" -"{" -" def @LinePlace { @Galley }" -"" -" def @LineList" -" {" -" @HExpand @LinePlace" -" //1vx @LineList" -" }" -"" -" def @Par horizontally into { @LinePlace&&preceding }" -" right x" -" { x }" -"" -" @LineList // @Par { 0.2i @Wide {} &0i x &1rt }" -"}" -} -The @Code "@HExpand" operator, which is a primitive of Basser Lout, -horizontally expands the gaps in its right parameter until the result -fills the available space, thus implementing line adjustment, except -when the parameter contains tabulation gaps like {@Code "&1rt"}, which -cause the parameter to be already expanded. The result of -@ID @Code "@Paragraph { A short paragraph of text. }" -would then be something like -@ID 1.5i @Wide { -0.2i @Wide {} & A short paragraph of text. -} -depending on the available horizontal space. An unlimited range of -paragraph breaking styles could be defined, including ragged right, ragged -left, break-and-center, and so on. -@PP -In Basser Lout, indented paragraphs are produced by preceding them with -a horizontal concatenation operator, for example {@Code "|0.5i"}. This -has the unfortunate effect of making an indented paragraph into a single -component of the enclosing galley, so that it will always be kept -together on one page. Horizontal galleys solve this problem with a -simple change to {@Code "@LineList"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @LineList" -"{" -" |0.5i @HExpand @LinePlace" -" //1vx @LineList" -"}" -} -showing the flexibility that comes from bringing the full power of the -Lout language to bear on paragraph layout. It is easy to make provision -for a tag on the first line. -@PP -Although Basser Lout permits receptive symbols within paragraphs, they -are of little use, because their available width is calculated after -paragraph breaking, and the incoming galley cannot spread over more than -one line. With horizontal galleys, such symbols would have infinite -available width, and we could easily produce a filled paragraph of -footnotes like this: -@ID 3.5i @Wide { -@OneRow { -2p @Font 1 ^/0.3vo } & See Jones and Saunders (1982). &2m -@OneRow { -2p @Font 2 ^/0.3vo } & Or so Jacobsen (1973) asserts. &2m -@OneRow { -2p @Font 3 ^/0.3vo } & {@I ibid}, p. 327. -} -based on an infinite horizontal sequence of @Code "@FootPlace" symbols -inside a horizontal galley. -@PP -When body text is placed on pages, the length of each column varies -depending on the available vertical space. Horizontal galleys could -analogously produce lines of varying length, and so could fill -non-rectangular shapes. -@PP -An important theoretical benefit of horizontal galleys is that they -would permit horizontal and vertical to be treated in a perfectly -symmetrical way, whereas at present paragraph breaking is horizontal -only, and galley breaking is vertical only. This must simplify the -treatment of non-European languages which fill in unusual directions, -although it is not itself sufficient to implement them. -@PP -There are a few minor problems with horizontal galleys. First, the -syntactic overhead of enclosing each paragraph in @Code "@Paragraph { ... }" -or whatever is unacceptable. Permitting user-defined operators to have lower -precedence than the white space between two words might help here. Second, -the built-in paragraph breaker includes hyphenation, and it permits line -breaks in the input to determine line breaks in the output, if -desired. These features must somehow be preserved. Finally, we have -explained how the Basser Lout interpreter assigns equal width to the -wider columns of tables (Section {@NumberOf style}). The equivalent -situation in vertical galleys occurs when two receptive symbols compete -for vertical space (e.g. @Code "@TextPlace" and {@Code "@FootSect"}), -and there it is conventional to grant as much as required to the first -arrival. It is not clear to the author how these different approaches -can be reconciled. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s5_9 b/doc/doc/design/s5_9 deleted file mode 100644 index 648a1b6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s5_9 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -@EndSubSections -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s6_0 b/doc/doc/design/s6_0 deleted file mode 100644 index 07fb62e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s6_0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Cross references } -@Begin -@PP -Cross references, such as `see page 57' and `see Figure 5,' are a useful -but highly error-prone feature of documents. Scribe [7] -introduced a method of keeping them up to date automatically as the -document changes: the user gives each referenced entity a tag, and -operators are provided that return the page or sequence number of the -entity with a given tag. -@PP -A cross reference takes an object (such as a page number) from one point -in the document and copies it to another, and this generalization -suggests other applications. For example, a running header is copied -from the title of a nearby chapter, and a reference is copied from a -bibliographic database. Making the unity of these applications manifest -is an interesting language design problem. -@BeginSubSections diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s6_1 b/doc/doc/design/s6_1 deleted file mode 100644 index 0ffc70d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s6_1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { cross } - @Title { The cross reference abstraction } -@Begin -@PP -In developing the cross reference abstraction, it seemed best to begin -with the database application, since it is the simplest. Database -relations are naturally mapped into Lout definitions: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Reference" -" named @Tag {}" -" named @Author {}" -" named @Title {}" -" named @Journal {}" -"{}" -} -The set of all invocations of @Code "@Reference" is a relation whose -attributes are the parameters, and whose tuples are the invocations. To -complete the correspondence, we need only declare that the @Code "@Tag" -parameter is special, serving as the key attribute. -@PP -Following the database model, we next need a notation for retrieving the -invocation with a given tag: -@ID @Code "@Reference&&kingston91" -This @I {cross reference} is like an arrow pointing to the invocation. To -access its attributes, we write -@ID @Code "@Reference&&kingston91 @Open { @Author, @Title }" -The @Code "@Open" operator evaluates its right parameter in an -environment which includes the exported parameters of its left. -@PP -An invocation is chosen to be a running header because of its proximity -to the place where it is used, rather than by its tag. Such proximity -is naturally expressed by two special tags, {@Code preceding} and -{@Code following}; for example, @Code "@Sym&&following" will point to -the closest following invocation of @Code "@Sym" in the final printed -document. This is much simpler conceptually than reference to the -internal state of the document formatter at a critical moment, the usual -approach to running headers. -@PP -It turns out that the above design solves all the cross referencing -problems encountered in practice except one, which may be typified by -the problem of finding the number of the page on which the chapter whose -tag is @Code "intro" begins. Two cross referencing steps are needed, -first to {@Code "@Chapter&&intro"}, then from there to -{@Code "@Page&&preceding"}, where the page number is known. -@PP -Given our success so far, this last problem proves to be -surprisingly difficult. We first try -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Chapter&&intro @Open {" -" @Page&&preceding @Open { @PageNum }" -"}" -} -but this fails because @Code "@Page&&preceding" is evaluated in the -present context, not in the context of @Code "@Chapter&&intro" as -required. So our next attempt is -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Chapter" -" named @PageNum { @Page&&preceding @Open { @PageNum } }" -" ..." -} -with the @Code "@Page&&preceding" cross reference attached to the -chapter; we write -@ID @Code "@Chapter&&intro @Open { @PageNum }" -This also fails, because parameters are evaluated after substitution, so -once again @Code "@Page&&preceding" is evaluated in the wrong context. We -could of course define a new operator specifically for this case: -@ID @Code "@Page&&{ @Preceding @Chapter&&intro }" -or some such. This is free of the annoying context-sensitivity, but it -seems quite complex, and the expected cross reference @Code "@Page&&preceding" -does not appear. -@PP -The author was lost in these obscurities for some time, and ultimately -rescued himself by looking ahead to the implementation of the -@Code preceding and @Code following tags, to see if a simple extension -of it would solve the problem. This led to the @Code "@Tagged" operator: -@ID @Code "@Page&&preceding @Tagged intro" -placed at the beginning of the body of the chapter will attach @Code intro -as an extra tag to the closest preceding invocation of {@Code "@Page"}, -so that -@ID @Code "@Page&&intro @Open { @PageNum }" -yields the desired page number. There is something low-level and ad hoc -about the @Code "@Tagged" operator, but the two cross references do -appear naturally, and it works. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s6_2 b/doc/doc/design/s6_2 deleted file mode 100644 index 2df5478..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s6_2 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -@SubSection - @Tag { cross.impl } - @Title { Implementation of cross references } -@Begin -@PP -Before an object can be sized and printed, the values of any cross -references within it must be known. If they refer to invocations that -have not yet been read, there is a problem. Scribe [7] -solves it by capitalizing on the fact that documents are formatted -repeatedly during the drafting process. All tagged invocations are -copied to an auxiliary file during the first run, and indexed for quick -retrieval on the second. A new auxiliary file is written during the second -run, for retrieval on the third, and so on. Cross references always lag -one run behind the rest of the document; a perfect copy may be produced -by formatting the same version twice, except in a few pathological cases -that fail to converge. -@PP -Cross referencing in Lout is implemented on top of a simple database -system. Each database is either writable or readable but not both at -once, and holds a set of key-value entries: the keys are @S ASCII -strings, and the values are Lout objects, possibly with environments, -written in Lout source. Operations are provided for writing an entry, -converting from writable to readable, retrieval by key, and sequential -retrieval in key order. -@PP -The implementation, which is quite unsophisticated, employs one or more -@S ASCII {@I{ database files}}, containing the values, and one @S ASCII -{@I{ index file}} per database, containing the keys. To write an entry, -the value is first appended to a database file, then a line like -@ID @Code "@Chapter&&intro ch1.ld 57" -is appended to the index file, giving the file and offset where the value -is stored. To convert from writable to readable, the index file is -sorted. Then retrieval by key requires a binary search of the index -file and one seek into a database file, and sequential retrieval by key -is trivial. -@PP -This database system is used in several ways. For an external database, -say of bibliographic references, the user creates the database file of -values (without environments), Lout creates the index file whenever it -cannot find one, and retrievals by key proceed as usual. Cross -references with tags other than @Code preceding and @Code following are -treated as described above, by writing all tagged invocations (with -environments) to a single database, which is converted to readable at -the end of the run for retrievals on the next run. Sorted galleys, such -as index entries, are written out indexed by target and key and retrieved -sequentially on the next run. Unsorted galleys with preceding targets -which pop off the top of the root galley without finding a target, such -as entries in tables of contents, are treated similarly, except that they -are indexed by target and a sequence number that preserves their relative -order during the sort. -@PP -When Lout processes a multi-file document, one cross reference database -file is written for each input file, but they share a common index -file. At end of run, the new index file is sorted and merged with the -old one in such a way as to preserve entries relating to files not read -on the current run. This provides some support for piecemeal -formatting, but eventually the files must all be formatted together. -@PP -When a @Code preceding or @Code following cross reference is found, -it is attached to a galley index of type @Eq { CROSS_PREC } or -{@Eq { CROSS_FOLL }}, together with an automatically generated tag composed -of the current file name and a sequence number. When a tagged -invocation is found, it is attached to a @Eq { CROSS_TARG } index. These -galley indexes are carried along through the dynamic tree, and -eventually pop off the top of the root galley, at which point it is easy -to determine which cross references refer to which invocations, since -the indexes are now in final printed document order. Each referenced -invocation is then written to the cross reference database, multiply indexed -by the generated tags of the associated cross references. On the next -run, when the same @Code preceding and @Code following cross references -are found, chances are good that the same tags will be generated, and -the appropriate values can be retrieved from the database immediately. -@PP -This approach was the genesis of the @Code "@Tagged" operator, whose -implementation is now immediate: for each @Code "@Tagged" operator we -produce one @Eq { CROSS_PREC } or @Eq { CROSS_FOLL } galley index, -replacing the generated tag with the right parameter of the @Code "@Tagged" -operator. Nothing more is required. -@End @SubSection diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s6_9 b/doc/doc/design/s6_9 deleted file mode 100644 index 648a1b6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s6_9 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -@EndSubSections -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/design/s7_0 b/doc/doc/design/s7_0 deleted file mode 100644 index 2cb4245..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/design/s7_0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,84 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Conclusion } -@Begin -@PP -Since its public release in October 1991, the Basser Lout interpreter -has been ported without incident to a wide variety of Unix systems and -hardware. It was tested extensively before release on its own -documentation, and the few minor bugs which have emerged since then have -all been fixed in the second release, scheduled to appear in mid-1992. -@PP -Seven substantial packages of definitions are distributed with Basser -Lout. The DocumentLayout package, and its variants ReportLayout and -BookLayout, provide the standard features that all documents -require: pages, columns, paragraphs, headings, footnotes, floating -figures and tables, chapters and sections, displays and lists, access -to bibliographic databases, cross references, and so on -[11]. The BookLayout package has extra features -needed by books, including an automatically generated table of contents, -Roman page numbers for the prefatory material, running page headers, -odd and even page layouts, and a sorted index. The Eq package formats -equations, and Pas formats Pascal programs [10]; Tab -formats tables [12]; and Fig draws figures -[6]. -@PP -The non-expert user who uses these packages perceives a system of a -standard quite similar to other fully developed batch formatters, -although the interface is considerably more coherent than, say, the troff -family's [8]. The expert user perceives a system which -is radically different from previous ones, in which a great deal can be -achieved very quickly. To take an extreme example, Pas was designed, -implemented, tested, and documented in one afternoon. Eq took about -a week, but most of that time was spent in marshalling the vast -repertoire of mathematical symbols, and fine-tuning the spacing. Most -of the effort seems to go into designing a good interface; most symbols -are implemented in just one or a few lines of Lout. -@PP -A group of about 20 satisfied non-expert users has grown up within -the author's department, mainly Honours students with no investment -in older systems to hold them back. Basser Lout has been advertised -on the Internet news as available via anonymous {@I ftp}, so the -extent of its outside user community is hard to gauge. About 50 -people have mailed comments or questions to the author; many -of these people have ported the program, written small definitions, -and modified the standard packages. -@PP -Future work could usefully begin with the improvements suggested in this -paper: overlapping spanning columns, better semantics for available -space, and especially horizontal galleys. Support for non-European -languages is also needed. However, the main task is the development of -an interactive document editor based on Lout. A structure editor similar -to Lilac [13], which already has objects and user-defined -symbols, is envisaged; since cross references are easy when the whole -document is available, the only major new problem is the treatment of -galleys, including the expansion and retraction of receptive symbols. -@LP -@LP -@B { Note. } Since the above was written the author has completed a -revised version of Basser Lout, in which the problem concerning -available space mentioned in Section {@NumberOf style} has been resolved. -@LP -@LP -@B { Acknowledgment. } The author gratefully acknowledges many -valuable discussions with Douglas W. Jones, especially during the -development of the galley abstraction; and also many helpful comments on -presentation by the anonymous referee. -@DP -@DP -@Heading { References } -@NumberedList -@LI @RefPrint kingston91 -@LI @RefPrint kingston91over -@LI @RefPrint kingston91basser -@LI @RefPrint furuta82 -@LI @RefPrint kernighan75 -@LI @RefPrint kingston91fig -@LI @RefPrint reid80 -@LI @RefPrint ossanna76 -@LI @RefPrint knuth84 -@LI @RefPrint kingston91eq -@LI @RefPrint kingston91begin -@LI @RefPrint kingston91tab -@LI @RefPrint brooks91 -@EndList -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/README b/doc/doc/expert/README deleted file mode 100644 index e28ae5a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -Directory lout/doc/expert - -This directory contains the Lout source files for the Expert's Guide -to the Lout Document Formatting System. To produce the Guide, type -the command - - lout -r4 all > outfile.ps - -in this directory. The -r4 flag causes Lout to run over the document -four times. This is necessary to completely resolve all cross -references, although a readable PostScript file outfile.ps would -be generated after a single run if -r4 was omitted. Auxiliary files -with .li and .ld suffixes will be created in this directory. A copy -of the final outfile.ps is included. There should be no warning -messages on the fourth run, except this one: - -lout file "pre_conc" (from "pre" line 7, from "all" line 25): - 162,1: 13.2c object too high for 8.7c space; will try elsewhere - -which just warns about a figure that is not able to be placed on -the first possible page, and so has to appear on the next page. - -Jeffrey H. Kingston -26 June 2013 diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/all b/doc/doc/expert/all deleted file mode 100644 index 96d3dca..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/all +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -@SysInclude { eq } -@SysInclude { tab } -@SysInclude { tbl } -@SysInclude { fig } -@SysInclude { book } -@SysDatabase @Reference { loutrefs } -@Book - @Title { An Expert's Guide to the - -Lout - -Document Formatting System } - @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Edition { Version 3.40 -June, 2013 } - @Publisher { @I { @CopyRight Copyright 1991, 2008, Jeffrey -H. Kingston, School of Information Technologies, The University -of Sydney 2006, Australia.} } - @InitialLanguage { English } - @OptimizePages { No } -// - -@Include { preface } -@Include { pri } -@Include { det } -@Include { pre } -@Include { exa } -@Include { tex } diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det b/doc/doc/expert/det deleted file mode 100644 index 0018d91..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Details } - @Tag { details } -@Begin -@BeginSections -@Include { det_lexi } -@Include { det_name } -@Include { det_visi } -@Include { det_filt } -@Include { det_prec } -@Include { det_size } -@Include { det_gall } -@Include { det_sort } -@Include { det_hori } -@Include { det_opti } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_filt b/doc/doc/expert/det_filt deleted file mode 100644 index 0d5405d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_filt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Filtered right and body parameters } - @Tag { filters } -@Begin -@PP -A right or body parameter may be filtered by some other computer -program before being included by Lout. As an example of such a program -we will use the Unix @Code sort command: -@ID @Code "sort -o outfile infile" -This causes file @Code outfile to contain a sorted copy of file -{@Code infile}. We incorporate this into a Lout definition as follows: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Sort" -" named @Options {}" -" right x" -"{" -" def @Filter { sort @Options -o @FilterOut @FilterIn }" -"" -" lines @Break x" -"}" -} -The presence within @Code "@Sort" of a definition of a symbol called -@Code "@Filter" tells Lout that the right parameter of @Code "@Sort" -is to be filtered before inclusion. When @Code "@Sort" is invoked, -@Code "@Filter" is evaluated and its value executed as a system -command. In addition to the symbols ordinarily available within the -body of {@Code "@Filter"}, there are three others: -@VeryWideTaggedList -@TI { @Code "@FilterIn" } { -the name of a file which will, at the time the system command is -executed, contain the actual right or body parameter of the -symbol, exactly as it appears in the input file; -} -@TI { @Code "@FilterOut" } { -the name of a file of Lout text whose contents Lout will read after -the system command has finished, as a replacement for what was put -into file {@Code "@FilterIn"}; -} -@TI { @Code "@FilterErr" } { -the name of a file that Lout will attempt to read after the system -command has finished, containing error messages produced by the -command that Lout will pass on to the user as non-fatal errors. Use -of this file is optional. -} -@EndList -It is a fatal error for the system command to return a non-zero status. -@PP -Now the @Code sort command has options @Code -u for deleting duplicate -lines, and @Code -r for reversing the sorting order. So the result of -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Sort" -" @Options { -r -u }" -"{" -"Austen, Jane" -"Dickens, Charles" -"Eliot, George" -"Hardy, Thomas" -"Bront{@Char edieresis}, Charlotte" -"}" -} -is -@ID @OneRow lines @Break -{ -Hardy, Thomas -Eliot, George -Dickens, Charles -Bront{@Char edieresis}, Charlotte -Austen, Jane -} -Unlike all the other examples in this manual, this output -is simulated. This was done so that the ability to format this -manual is not dependent on the existence of the Unix {@Code "sort"} -command, and it highlights the fact that filtered actual parameters -are by their nature of uncertain portability. -@PP -There is no need for an actual filtered parameter to obey the lexical -rules of Lout, since it is passed directly to the other program. However, -Lout must be able to work out where the parameter ends, which gives -rise to the following rules. As with a body parameter, a symbol -@Code "@Sym" with a filtered parameter must be invoked in either the -form @Code "@Sym { ... }" or the form {@Code "@Sym @Begin ... @End @Sym"}, -plus options as usual. In the former case, braces within the -actual parameter must match; in the latter case, the actual parameter -may not contain {@Code "@End"}. -@PP -If an actual filtered parameter contains @@Include, this is taken to -begin a Lout @@Include directive in the usual form (Section -{@NumberOf include}): -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Sort {" -"Austen, Jane" -"@Include { authors }" -"Hardy, Thomas" -"}" -} -The included file becomes part of {@Code "@FilterIn"}, but any braces, -@@Include, or @@End within it are not noticed by Lout. -@PP -The first character of file @Code "@FilterIn" will be the first -non-white space character following the opening @Code "{" or @@Begin, -or the first character of an included file if @@Include comes first. The -second-last character of file @Code "@FilterIn" will be the last non-white -space character preceding the closing @Code "}" or {@Code "@End @Sym"}, -or the last character of an included file if @@Include comes last. One -newline character is always appended and is the last character of file -{@Code "@FilterIn"}. This effects a compromise between the Lout convention, -that spaces following @Code "{" or preceding @Code "}" are not significant, -with the Unix convention that all text files end with a newline character. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_gall b/doc/doc/expert/det_gall deleted file mode 100644 index 371a6d8..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_gall +++ /dev/null @@ -1,388 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Galleys and targets } - @Tag { targets } -@Begin -@PP -The behaviour of galleys and their targets, as described in Section -galley.feature.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail } -targets.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail } -{@NumberOf galleys}, can be summarized in three laws: -@DP -{@I {First Law}}: The first target is the closest invocation of the -target symbol, either preceding or following the invocation point of the -galley as required, which has sufficient space to receive the first -component; -@DP -{@I {Second Law}}: Each subsequent target is the closest invocation of -the target symbol, following the previous target and lying within the same -galley, which has sufficient space to receive the first remaining component; -@DP -{@I {Third Law}}: A receptive symbol that does not receive at least one -component of any galley is replaced by @@Null. -@DP -The terms `closest,' `preceding,' and `following' refer to position in -the final printed document. This section explains the operation of -these laws in Basser Lout. -@PP -When a galley cannot be fitted into just one target, Lout must find -points in the galley where it can be split in two. The object lying -between two neighbouring potential split points is called a @I component -component @Index { Components of a galley } -of the galley. By definition, a component cannot be split. -@PP -To determine the components of a galley, expand all symbols other than -recursive and receptive ones, discard all @@Font, @@Break, @@Space, -@@SetColor, @@SetColour, and @@Language symbols, perform paragraph -breaking as required, and discard all redundant braces. Then view the -galley as a sequence of one or more objects separated by vertical -concatenation symbols; these are the components and split points, -except that concatenation symbols whose gaps are unbreakable -(Section {@NumberOf concatenation}) are not eligible to be split -points. For example, given the definition -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Section into { @SectionPlace&&preceding }" -" named @Title {}" -" right @Body" -"{" -" 15p @Font { @Title //0.7f }" -" //" -" @Body" -"}" -} -the galley -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Section" -" @Title { Introduction }" -"{ This is a subject that really" -"needs no introduction. }" -} -becomes -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"Introduction" -"//0.7f" -"{}" -"//" -"This is a subject that really needs" -"//1vx" -"no introduction." -} -with four components. If @Code "@Body" had been preceded by @Code "|1.0c" in -the definition, the result would have been -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"Introduction" -"//0.7f" -"{}" -"//" -"|1.0c { This is a subject that really needs //1vx no introduction. }" -} -with @Code "//1vx" buried within one component and hence not a -potential split point. If @Code "0.7f" had been {@Code "0.7fu"}, -the gap would have been unbreakable and @Code "//0.7fu" would not -have been a potential split point. -@PP -Version 3.03 has liberalized this somewhat in the following way. When -a component consists of a horizontal sequence of two or more objects -@Eq { A sub 1 ,..., A sub n } separated by @Code "|" (not {@Code "||"}, -not {@Code "&"}), Lout will investigate the component to see whether -it can be broken up. It looks at each @Eq { A sub i } to see whether it -is a vertical concatenation of objects @Eq { A sub i1 ,..., A sub im }; if -two or more of the @Eq { A sub i } satisfy this condition, the component -will not be broken up. So now suppose we have just one @Eq { A sub i } -which is a vertical concatenation. Lout will break the component into -one component for each of the @Eq { A sub i1 ,..., A sub im }, provided -that they are separated by @Code "//" symbols (not {@Code "/"}), and -provided this can be done without introducing any apparent change into -the appearance of the component (this second rule will be satisfied if -the other @Eq { A sub j } are not very large). The example above -satisfies all these rules and will be broken up into two components, -so the @Code "//1vx" becomes a potential split point after all. -@PP -The lines of a paragraph become separate components if the paragraph -occupies an entire component before breaking; otherwise they are -enclosed in a @@OneRow symbol within one component. The same is true of -incoming components of other galleys. If a @@Galley symbol occupies an -entire component by the rules above, then the incoming components that -replace it become components of their new home: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col lines @Break B ! @Col @Code C } -{ -@Rowa - A { -"An example" -"//0.5c" -"@Galley" -"//0.5c" -"@SomethingList" -} - B { -"" -@Eq { ==> } -} - C { -"An example" -"//0.5c" -"Incoming components" -"//0.2c" -"from some other galley" -"//0.5c" -"@SomethingList" -} -} -Otherwise the incoming components are grouped within a @@OneRow symbol -and lie within one component. -@PP -This distinction has a marked effect on the vertical concatenation -b.unit.use @SubIndex { use in @Code "//1.1b" } -symbol {@Code "//1.1b"}, which calls for more space than is available -(Section {@NumberOf concatenation}). There is no room for this symbol -within any component, so it will force a split and be discarded in that -case. But it can be promoted to between two components. -@PP -Components may be separated by @Code "/" as well as by {@Code "//"}, -giving rise to column mark alignment between adjacent components: -@ID @ShowVMark { -@HContract @GreyBox { 1c @Wide ^| 1c @Wide 0.6c @High } -/0.3c -@HContract @GreyBox { 2c @Wide 0.6c @High } -/0.3c -@HContract @GreyBox { 0.5c @Wide ^| 0.8c @Wide 0.6c @High } -} -When aligned components are promoted into different targets, the meaning -of alignment becomes very doubtful. For example, what if the targets -mark.alignment.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail } -are in different columns of one page, or what if one lies within -{@Code "90d @Rotate"}? -@PP -The truth is that @Code "/" causes all the objects that share a mark to -have equal width: -@ID @ShowVMark { -@TightBox @HContract @GreyBox { 1c @Wide ^| 1c @Wide 0.6c @High } -/0.3c -@TightBox @HContract @GreyBox { 2c @Wide 0.6c @High } -/0.3c -@TightBox @HContract @GreyBox { 0.5c @Wide ^| 0.8c @Wide 0.6c @High } -} -This is a consequence of the `as wide as possible' rule (Section -{@NumberOf size}). Mark alignment occurs {@I incidentally}, whenever -the fragments are placed into similar contexts. -@PP -In this connection we must also consider the special case of a @@Galley -symbol which shares its column mark with some other object: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Galley" -"/0.2c" -"@SomethingList" -} -(The @@Galley may or may not occupy an entire component; that doesn't -matter here.) If incoming components are separated by @Code "//" rather -than by {@Code "/"}, the meaning is so doubtful that this is forbidden. In -fact, a galley whose components replace such a @@Galley must have a -single column mark running its full length; that is, its components must -all share a single column mark. This mark will be merged with the -column mark passing through each @@Galley that these components replace; -all the objects on the resulting merged mark will have equal width. -@PP -The root galley, where everything collects immediately prior to output, -root.galley.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail } -is created automatically, not by a definition. Its target is the output -file, and its object is the entire input, which typically looks like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@PageList" -"//" -"@Text {" -" Body text of the document ..." -"}" -} -where @Code "@PageList" expands to a sequence of pages containing -@Code "@TextPlace" symbols (see Section {@NumberOf definitions}), and -@Code "@Text" is a galley: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @TextPlace { @Galley }" -"" -"def @Text into { @TextPlace&&preceding }" -" right x" -"{" -" x" -"}" -} -The spot vacated by a galley -- its invocation point -- becomes a @@Null -object, so this root galley is effectively @Code "@PageList" alone, as -required. The @Code "@Text" galley will find its first target preceding -its invocation point, within {@Code "@PageList"}. -@PP -Printing {@PageMark rootg} the root galley on the output file is -somewhat problematical, -root.galley.printing @SubIndex { printing of } -because Lout has no way of knowing how large the paper is. Basser Lout -simply prints one root galley component per page (except it skips -components of height zero), and the user is responsible for ensuring -that each component is page-sized. Gaps between root galley -components, even unbreakable ones, have no effect on the result. -@PP -Basser Lout will promote a component only after any receptive symbols -components.promotion @SubIndex { promotion of } -promotion @Index { Promotion of components } -within it have been replaced, either by galleys or by @@Null, since -until then the component is not complete. A component which shares a -mark with following components is held up until they are all complete, -since until then their width is uncertain. -@PP -Consider a page with @Code "@TextPlace" and @Code "@FootSect" receptive -symbols. The rule just given will prevent the page from being printed -until @Code "@TextPlace" is replaced by body text, quite rightly; but -@Code "@FootSect" will also prevent its printing, even when there are no -footnotes. -@PP -Basser Lout is keen to write out pages as soon as possible, to save memory, -and it cannot afford to wait forever for non-existent footnotes. A variant -of the galley concept, called a @I {forcing galley}, -forcing.galley @Index { Forcing galley } {@PageMark forcing} -is introduced to solve this problem. A forcing galley is defined like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Text force into { @TextPlace&&preceding }" -" ..." -} -and so on. When such a galley replaces a @@Galley symbol, Lout replaces -every receptive symbol preceding the @@Galley by @@Null, thus ensuring that -as soon as text enters a page, for example, everything up to and including -the preceding page can be printed. This does not take care of the very last -page, but Basser Lout replaces all receptive symbols by @@Null when it realizes -that its input has all been read, thus allowing the last page to print. -@PP -A forcing galley causes the Third Law to be applied earlier than -expected, and this creates two problems. First, the replacement by -@@Null may be premature: a galley may turn up later wanting one of the -defunct targets. Such galleys (entries in tables of contents are -typical examples) are copied into the cross reference database and read -in during the next run just before their targets are closed, and so they -find their targets in the end. Care must be taken to ensure that -large galleys such as chapters and sections do not have defunct targets, -since the cost of copying them to and from the database is unacceptably high. -@PP -It is actually an over-simplification to say that these replacements -occur when the forcing galley replaces its @@Galley. What really happens -is that from this moment on Lout understands that it has the right to make -these replacements, and it will do each one at the first moment when not -doing it would hold things up. So there is a short period of grace when -galleys, such as the entries in tables of contents just alluded to, -can sneak into these receptive symbols. -@PP -The @Code "into" and @Code "force into" forms are actually just abbreviations -for the true way that galleys are defined, which -is by giving the symbol that is to be a galley a parameter or nested -target.sym @Index { @Code "@Target" symbol } -definition with the special name {@Code "@Target"}: -@ID @Code { -"def @Text" -" right x" -"{" -" def @Target { @TextPlace&&preceding }" -"" -" x" -"}" -} -A forcing galley is obtained by using @Code "&&&" instead of -{@Code "&&"}. @Code "@Target" may be an arbitrary object, -provided that it yields such a cross reference when evaluated. In -this way, different invocations may have different targets. -@PP -The forcing galley effect can be obtained in another way, by replacing -the @Code "@Galley" symbol to which the galley is attached by -{@Code "@ForceGalley"}. The advantage of this form is that the galley -can then be forcing at some places and not at others, using the formula -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @SomePlace right x" -"{" -" x @Case {" -" noforce @Yield @Galley" -" force @Yield @ForceGalley" -" }" -"}" -} -Now a galley may have @Code "@SomePlace" for its target, and if it -happens to attach to -@ID @Code "@SomePlace force" -it will have the effect of a forcing galley, while if it happens to -attach to -@ID @Code "@SomePlace noforce" -it will not. -@PP -Although it doesn't matter whether a galley is declared as a forcing -galley or merely arrives at a {@Code "@ForceGalley"} symbol from the -point of view of the effect on nearby targets, there is one way in -which Lout treats the two cases differently. If a forcing galley's -first component does not fit into the available space, that component -will be scaled vertically until it does. The rationale for this is -that forcing galleys are meant to carry the bulk of the document and -cannot afford to be held up because the user has inadvertently included -an over-high component, which for all Lout knows to the contrary may -not fit on any page. If this scaling is not wanted but forcing is, -the galley may be declared not forcing but all its targets may be set -to contain {@Code "@ForceGalley"}. -@PP -Within a galley, a symbol whose name is @@Enclose has a special -enclose.sym @Index @@Enclose -meaning: when components of the galley replace a @@Galley or @@ForceGalley -symbol, that symbol is first replaced by @@Enclose @@Galley or -@@Enclose @@ForceGalley. For example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -def @Figure into @FigurePlace&&following - right @Body -{ - def @Enclose - right x - { - @Box x - } - - @Body -} -} -causes each @@Galley or @@ForceGalley symbol that receives components of -galley @Code "@Figure" to be replaced by {@Code "@Box @Galley"} or -{@Code "@Box @ForceGalley"}, assuming an appropriate definition of -@Code "@Box". This is useful, for example, when producing multi-page -boxed displays, figures, and tables. -@PP -An @@Enclose symbol may have only one parameter, which must be a -right parameter. It would not make sense to allow more parameters, -since there is no suitable value to assign to them. However, the -@@Enclose symbol may contain inner definitions, and it may make use -of any symbol that is available at that point, in the usual way. The -@@Enclose symbol may be a named parameter (itself with a right parameter) -of the galley symbol, rather than an inner definition as shown above, -if desired. -@PP -It makes sense for sorted galleys containing a @Code "@Merge" symbol -(Section {@NumberOf sorted}) to also have an @Code "@Enclose" symbol. The -meaning is that after all merging is done, each resulting galley has -an @Code "@Enclose" symbol which is applied in the usual way. The value -of this @Code "@Enclose" symbol will be the value of an @Code "@Enclose" -symbol from one of the contributing galleys, but exactly which one -is not defined. So it is safest if all such @Code "@Enclose" symbols -produce the same result. -@PP -A @Code "following" galley may fail to find a first target lying in a -following component of the same galley as its invocation point. This is -a deficiency of Basser Lout, which occurs if the target has not been -read from input at the time the galley tries to find it. A workaround -is to use a @Code "preceding" galley instead, defined like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @AGalley into { @AGalleyPlace&&preceding }" -" right @Body" -"{" -" //1.1b" -" @Body" -"}" -} -and invoked like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@AGalleyPlace | @AGalley { content of galley }" -"//" -"..." -"@AGalleyPlace" -} -The first @Code "@AGalleyPlace" receives only the initial empty object, -since the @Code "//1.1b" forces a split; and the Second Law puts Basser -Lout on the right track thereafter. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_hori b/doc/doc/expert/det_hori deleted file mode 100644 index ad81dc4..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_hori +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Horizontal galleys } - @Tag { horizontal } -@Begin -@PP -All the galleys so far have been @I { vertical galleys }: galleys -whose components are separated by vertical concatenation symbols. There -are also horizontal galleys, whose components are separated by the -horizontal concatenation operator @Code "&" (or equivalently, by -spaces). These work in the same way as vertical galleys, except for -the change of direction. For example, the following defines the -equivalent of an ordinary outdented paragraph, except that an option -is provided for varying the size of the outdent: -@ID @Code { -"def @OutdentPar" -" named outdent { 2f }" -" right x" -"{" -" def @ParPlace { @Galley }" -"" -" def @LineList" -" {" -" outdent @Wide {} | @PAdjust @ParPlace" -" //1vx @LineList" -" }" -"" -" def @ParGalley force horizontally into { @ParPlace&&preceding }" -" right x" -" {" -" x" -" }" -"" -" @PAdjust @ParPlace" -" // @ParGalley { x &1rt }" -" //1vx @LineList" -"}" -} -Notice the use of @Code "&1rt" to cancel the effect of @Code "@PAdjust" -on the last line of the paragraph. This definition has a problem in -that there will be a concluding unexpanded @Code "@LineList" symbol -which will hold up promotion of the enclosing galley; this problem -may be fixed by the same method used to end a list. -@PP -In an ideal world, there would be nothing further to say about horizontal -galleys. However there are a few differences which arise from various -practical considerations and limitations. Perhaps some day a more -perfect symmetry will be implemented. -@PP -Each vertical galley has a fixed finite width, and every component is -broken to that width. This is needed basically to trigger paragraph -breaking. However, there is no equivalent of paragraph breaking in -the vertical direction, so horizontal galleys do not have any particular -fixed height. Instead, each component has its own individual height. -@PP -When two objects are separated by {@Code "/"}, they -are assigned the same width (Section {@NumberOf targets}), and -this holds true even if the two objects are subsequently separated -by being promoted into different targets. For example, two aligned -equations will have the same width, and hence their alignment will be -preserved, even if they appear in different columns or pages. However, -even though @Code "&" aligns the marks of its two parameters, it does -not assign them a common height. This means that the height of any -component of a horizontal galley promoted into one target does not -affect the height consumed by the components promoted into any other -target. The other horizontal concatenation operator, {@Code "|"}, -does assign a common height to its two parameters; but sequences of -objects separated by this operator cannot be the components of a -horizontal galley. -@PP -Lout is able to read vertical galleys one paragraph at a time; in this -way it processes the document in small chunks, never holding more than -a few pages in memory at any time. However, horizontal galleys are -always read in completely, so they should not be extremely long. -@PP -In principle Lout should be able to hyphenate the components of -horizontal galleys when they are simple words, but this is not -implemented at present. -@PP -In an ideal world, every paragraph would be treated as a horizontal -galley. However, to do so in practice would be too slow and would -lead to excessive clumsiness in notation, so at present Lout has -two competing mechanisms in this area: the built-in paragraph -breaker with its limited set of options as given under the @Code -"@Break" operator, and horizontal galleys. As the example above -shows, horizontal galleys are in principle capable of implementing -many more paragraph styles than the built-in paragraph breaker -could ever hope to do. The recommended practical strategy is to use -the built-in paragraph breaker most of the time, and switch to -horizontal galleys only for occasional tricks, such as paragraphs -with drop capitals, circular outlines, etc. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_lexi b/doc/doc/expert/det_lexi deleted file mode 100644 index bea7000..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_lexi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,273 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { lexical } - @Title { Lexical structure (words, spaces, symbols) and macros } -@Begin -@PP -The input to Lout consists of a sequence of @I {textual units}, -textual.unit @Index {Textual unit } -which may be -either {@I{white spaces}}, -@I identifiers, -@I delimiters, -or -@I {literal words}. Each -is a sequence of @I characters chosen from: -letter @Index { Letter character } -other @Index { Other character } -quote @Index { Quote character } -escape @Index { Escape character } -comment.char @Index { Comment character } -underscore.char @Index { Underscore character } -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa A { letter } B { @Code "@ab-zAB-Z_" } -@Rowa A { white space } B { @I { space formfeed tab newline } } -@Rowa A { quote } B { @Code "\"" } -@Rowa A { escape } B { @Code "\\" } -@Rowa A { comment } B { @Code "#" } -@Rowa A { other } B { @Code "!$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?[]^`{|}~" } -} -Notice that @Code "@" and @Code "_" are classed as letters. Basser -Lout accepts the accented letters of the ISO-LATIN-1 character set -(depending on how it is installed), and these are also classed as -letters. The ten digits are classed as `other' characters, and in -fact the `other' class contains all 8-bit characters (except octal 0) -not assigned to previous classes. -@PP -A @I {white space} is a sequence of one or more white space characters. -white.space @Index { White space } -formfeed @Index { Formfeed } -space.f @Index { Space } - Lout treats the formfeed character exactly like the space character; -it is useful for getting page breaks when printing Lout source code. -@PP -A @I delimiter is a sequence of one or more `other' characters which -delimiter @Index { Delimiter } -is the name of a symbol. For example, @Code "{" and @Code "//" are -delimiters. When defining a delimiter, the name must be enclosed -in quotes: -@ID @Code { -"def \"^\" { {} ^& {} }" -} -but quotes are not used when the delimiter is invoked. A delimiter may -have delimiters and any other characters adjacent, whereas identifiers -may not be adjacent to letters or other identifiers. The complete list -of predefined delimiters is -@ID @OneRow @Code { -{ - "/" - @JL "//" - @JL "^/" - @JL "^//" -} |2.2cx { - "|" - @JL "||" - @JL "^|" - @JL "^||" -} |2.2cx { - "&" - @JL "^&" -} |2.2cx { - "&&" - @JL "{" - @JL "}" -} -} -A longer delimiter like @Code "<=" will be recognised in -preference to a shorter one like {@Code "<"}. -@PP -An @I identifier is a sequence of one or more letters which is the name of a -identifier @Index { Identifier } -symbol. It is conventional but not essential to begin identifiers with -{@Code "@"}; Basser Lout will print a warning message if it finds an -unquoted literal word (see below) beginning with {@Code "@"}, since such -words are usually misspelt identifiers. The ten digits are not letters -and may not appear in identifiers; and although the underscore character -is a letter and may be used in identifiers, it is not conventional to -do so. The complete list of predefined identifiers is -@CD @OneRow @Code { -{ "@BackEnd" - @JL "@Background" - @JL "@Begin" - @JL "@BeginHeaderComponent" - @JL "@Break" - @JL "@Case" - @JL "@ClearHeaderComponent" - @JL "@Common" - @JL "@Char" - @JL "@CurrFace" - @JL "@CurrFamily" - @JL "@CurrLang" - @JL "@CurrYUnit" - @JL "@CurrZUnit" - @JL "@Database" - @JL "@Enclose" - @JL "@End" - @JL "@EndHeaderComponent" - @JL "@Filter" - @JL "@FilterErr" - @JL "@FilterIn" - @JL "@FilterOut" - @JL "@Font" - @JL "@FontDef" - @JL "@ForceGalley" - @JL "@Galley" - @JL "@GetContext" - @JL "@Graphic" - @JL "@HAdjust" - @JL "@HContract" - @JL "@HCover" - @JL "@HExpand" - @JL "@High" - @JL "@HLimited" - @JL "@HMirror" - @JL "@HScale" - @JL "@HShift" -} |4.4cx { - "@HSpan" - @JL "@Include" - @JL "@IncludeGraphic" - @JL "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" - @JL "@Insert" - @JL "@KernShrink" - @JL "@Key" - @JL "@Language" - @JL "@LClos" - @JL "@LEnv" - @JL "@LInput" - @JL "@LUse" - @JL "@LinkSource" - @JL "@LinkDest" - @JL "@Meld" - @JL "@Merge" - @JL "@Minus" - @JL "@Moment" - @JL "@Next" - @JL "@NotRevealed" - @JL "@Null" - @JL "@OneCol" - @JL "@OneOf" - @JL "@OneRow" - @JL "@Open" - @JL "@Optimize" - @JL "@Outline" - @JL "@PAdjust" - @JL "@PageLabel" - @JL "@PlainGraphic" - @JL "@Plus" - @JL "@PrependGraphic" - @JL "@RawVerbatim" - @JL "@Rotate" - @JL "@Rump" - @JL "@Scale" - @JL "@SetColor" -} |4.4cx { - "@SetColour" - @JL "@SetContext" - @JL "@SetHeaderComponent" - @JL "@Space" - @JL "@StartHSpan" - @JL "@StartHVSpan" - @JL "@StartVSpan" - @JL "@SysDatabase" - @JL "@SysInclude" - @JL "@SysIncludeGraphic" - @JL "@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated" - @JL "@SysPrependGraphic" - @JL "@Tag" - @JL "@Tagged" - @JL "@Target" - @JL "@Texture" - @JL "@SetTexture" - @JL "@Underline" - @JL "@SetUnderlineColor" - @JL "@SetUnderlineColour" - @JL "@Use" - @JL "@URLLink" - @JL "@VAdjust" - @JL "@VContract" - @JL "@VCover" - @JL "@Verbatim" - @JL "@VExpand" - @JL "@VLimited" - @JL "@VMirror" - @JL "@VScale" - @JL "@VShift" - @JL "@VSpan" - @JL "@Wide" - @JL "@Yield" - @JL "@YUnit" - @JL "@ZUnit" -} -} -plus the names of the parameters of @@Moment. The symbols @@LClos, @@LEnv, -lclos @Index { @@LClos symbol } -lenv @Index { @@LEnv symbol } -linput @Index { @@LInput symbol } -lvis @Index { @@LVis symbol } -luse @Index { @@LUse symbol } -@@LInput, @@LVis and @@LUse appear in cross reference databases generated -by Lout and are not for use elsewhere. -@PP -A sequence of characters which is neither a white space, an identifier, nor a -delimiter, is by default a @I {literal word}, which means that it will -word @Index { Word } -literal.word @Index { Literal word } -quoted.word @Index { Quoted word } -pass through Lout unchanged. An arbitrary sequence of characters -enclosed in double quotes, for example @Code "\"{ }\"", is also a -literal word. Space characters may be included, but not tabs or -newlines. There are special character sequences, used only between -quotes, for obtaining otherwise inaccessible characters: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa A { @Code "\\\"" } B { produces @Code "\"" } -@Rowa A { @Code "\\\\" } B { "\\" } -@Rowa A { @Code "\\ddd" } B { the character whose ASCII code is } -@Rowa A { } B { the up to three digit octal number {@Code ddd} } -} -So, for example, @Code "\"\\\"@PP\\\"\"" produces {@Code "\"@PP\""}. -@PP -When the comment character -comment @Index { Comment } -@Code "#" is encountered, everything from -that point to the end of the line is ignored. This is useful for -including reminders to oneself, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"# Lout user manual" -"# J. Kingston, June 1989" -} -for temporarily deleting parts of the document, and so on. -@PP -@I Macros -macro @Index { Macro } -provide a means of defining symbols which stand for a -sequence of textual units rather than an object. For example, the macro -definition -@ID @Code { -"macro @PP { //1.3vx 2.0f @Wide &0i }" -} -makes Lout replace the symbol @Code "@PP" by the given textual units -before assembling its input into objects. A similar macro to this -one is used to separate the paragraphs of the present document. The -enclosing braces and any spaces adjacent to them are dropped, which can -be a problem: @Code "@PP2i" has result {@Code "//1.3vx 2.0f @Wide &0i2i"} -which is erroneous. -@PP -The meaning of symbols used within the body of a macro is determined by -where the macro is defined, not by where it is used. Due to implementation -problems, @@Open symbols will not work within macros. Named and body -parameters will work if the symbol that they are parameters of is also -present. There is no way to get a left or right brace into the body of -a macro without the matching brace. -@PP -Macros may be nested within other definitions and exported, but they may -not be parameters. They may not have parameters or nested definitions -of their own, and consequently a preceding @Code export clause (Section -{@NumberOf visibility}) would be pointless; however, an @Code import -clause is permitted. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_name b/doc/doc/expert/det_name deleted file mode 100644 index ae3dac2..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_name +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { named } - @Title { Named parameters } -@Begin -@PP -In addition to left and right (or body) parameters, a symbol may have -any number of {@I {named parameters}}: -parameter.named @SubIndex { @Code named parameter } -named.par @Index { @Code named parameter } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Chapter" -" named @Tag {}" -" named @Title {}" -" right x" -"{" -" ..." -"}" -} -Their definitions appear in between those of any left and right -parameters, and each is followed by a @I {default value} between -default @Index { Default value of parameter } -braces. When @Code "@Chapter" is invoked, its named parameters are -given values in the following way: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Chapter" -" @Tag { intro }" -" @Title { Introduction }" -"{" -" ..." -"}" -} -That is, a list of named parameters appears immediately following the -symbol, each with its value enclosed in braces. Any right parameter -follows after them. They do not have to appear in the order they were -defined, and they can even be omitted altogether, in which case the -default value from the definition is used instead. -@PP -If the keyword @Code "compulsory" appears after @Code "named" and -before the parameter's name, Lout will print a warning message whenever -this parameter is missing. However it will still use the default value -as just described. -@PP -A named @Code "@Tag" parameter -tag.par @Index { @Code "@Tag" parameter, default value of } -does not take its default value from the definition; instead, if a default -value is needed, Lout invents a simple word which differs from every other -tag. This is important, for example, in the production of numbered -chapters and sections (Section {@NumberOf chapters}). The same thing occurs -if there is a @Code "@Tag" parameter but its value is the empty object: the -value will be replaced by an invented one. -@PP -Named parameters may have parameters, {@PageMark strange} as in the -following definition: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Strange" -" named @Format right @Val { [@Val] }" -" right x" -"{" -" @Format x" -"}" -} -The named parameter @Code "@Format" has right parameter {@Code "@Val"}, -and the default value of @Code "@Format" is this parameter enclosed in -brackets. When @Code "@Format" is invoked it must be supplied with -a right parameter, which will replace {@Code "@Val"}. Thus, -@ID @Code { -"@Strange 27" -} -equals @Code "@Format 27" and so has result -@ID { -@Strange 27 -} -The @Code "@Format" symbol is like a definition with parameters whose -body can be changed: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Strange" -" @Format { Slope @Font @Val. }" -"27" -} -still equals {@Code "@Format 27"}, but this time the result is -@ID { -@Strange - @Format { Slope @Font @Val. } -27 -} -In practice, examples of named parameters with parameters all have this -flavour of format being separated from content; running headers (Section -{@NumberOf pagelayout}) and printing styles for bibliographies -(Section {@NumberOf biblio}) are two major ones. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_opti b/doc/doc/expert/det_opti deleted file mode 100644 index 981b468..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_opti +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Optimal galley breaking } - @Tag { optimal } -@Begin -@PP -As explained in Section {@NumberOf targets}, the components of a galley -optimal.gall @Index { Optimal galley breaking } -are promoted one by one into a target. When space runs out there, the -galley searches for a new target and promotion resumes. -@PP -This process is exactly analogous to placing words onto a line until -space runs out, then moving to another line. But, as we know, that -simple method is inferior to the optimal paragraph breaking used by -Lout (copied from the @TeX system), which examines the entire paragraph -and determines the most even assignment of words to lines. -@PP -Lout offers @I { optimal galley breaking }, the equivalent for galleys -of optimal paragraph breaking. Optimal galley breaking can reduce the -size of ugly blank spaces at the bottom of pages preceding large -unbreakable displays, sometimes quite dramatically. -@PP -Optimal galley breaking is applied to each galley, horizontal or -vertical, that possesses a parameter or nested symbol called -@Code "@Optimize" whose value is {@Code Yes}. Like cross referencing, -optimize.sym @Index { @Code "@Optimize" symbol } -it takes two runs to have effect. On the first run, Lout records the -sizes of the galley's components and gaps, and also the space available -at each of its targets. At end of run this information is used to find -an optimal break, which is written to the cross-reference database. On -the second run, the optimal break is retrieved and used. -@PP -Considering that this process must cope with floating figures, -new page and conditional new page symbols, breaks for new chapters, and -evolving documents, it is surprisingly robust. If it does go badly -wrong, removing file @Code "lout.li" then running Lout twice without -changing the document may solve the problem. However, cases are known -where the optimization never converges. These are usually related to -figures and footnotes whose anchor points fall near page boundaries. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_prec b/doc/doc/expert/det_prec deleted file mode 100644 index 2065eb7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_prec +++ /dev/null @@ -1,110 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Precedence and associativity of symbols } - @Tag { precedence } -@Begin -@PP -Every symbol in Lout has a {@I precedence}, -preceden @Index { Precedence } -which is a positive whole number. When two symbols compete for an object, -the one with the higher precedence wins it. For example, -@ID @Code { -"a | b / c" -} -is equivalent to @OneCol @Code { "{" a "|" b "}" "/" c } rather than -{@OneCol @Code { a "|" "{" b "/" c "}"} }, because @Code "|" has higher -precedence than @Code "/" and thus wins the {@Code b}. -@PP -When the two competing symbols have equal precedence, Lout applies a -second rule. Each symbol is either @I left-associative or -associativity @Index { Associativity } -{@I right-associative}. The value of @OneCol @Code { a op1 b op2 c} is taken -to be @OneCol @Code { "{" a op1 b "}" op2 c } if the symbols are both -left-associative, and @OneCol @Code "a op1 { b op2 c }" if they are -right-associative. In cases not covered by these two rules, use braces. -@PP -It sometimes happens that the result is the same regardless of how the -expression is grouped. For example, @OneCol @Code { "{" a "|" b "}" "|" c } -and @OneCol @Code { a "|" "{" b "|" c "}" } are always the same, for any -combination of objects, gaps, and variants of {@Code "|"}. In such cases -the symbols are said to be {@I associative}, and we can confidently omit -the braces. -@PP -User-defined symbols may be given a precedence and associativity: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Super" -" precedence 50" -" associativity right" -" left x" -" right y" -"{" -" @OneRow { | -2p @Font y ^/0.5fk x }" -"}" -} -They come just after any @Code into clause and before any parameter -definitions. The precedence may be any whole number between 10 and -100, and if omitted is assigned the value 100. The higher the number, -the higher the precedence. The associativity may be @Code left or -{@Code right}, and if omitted defaults to {@Code right}. -@PP -In the example above, the precedence and associativity are both -literal words ({@Code 50} and {@Code right}). It is also possible -to define a macro whose value is a suitable literal word, and -invoke that macro as the value of a precedence or associativity. -But arbitrary expressions, including invocations of symbols other -than macros, are not permitted. -@PP -Lout's symbols have the following precedences and associativities: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @CC A ! @Col @CC B ! @Col C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Precedence } - B { Associativity } - C { Symbols } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { 5 } - B { associative } - C { @Code "/ ^/ // ^//" } -@Rowa - A { 6 } - B { associative } - C { @Code "| ^| || ^||" } -@Rowa - A { 7 } - B { associative } - C { @Code "& ^&" } -@Rowa - A { 7 } - B { associative } - C { @Code "&" in the form of one or more white space characters } -@Rowa - A { 10-100 } - B { @Code left or @Code right } - C { user-defined symbols } -@Rowa - A { 100 } - B { @Code right } - C { @@Wide, @@High, @@Graphic, etc. } -@Rowa - A { 101 } - B { - } - C { @Code "&&" } -@Rowa - A { 102 } - B { associative } - C { @Code "&" in the form of 0 spaces } -@Rowa - A { 103 } - B { - } - C { Body parameters and right parameters of @@Open } -} -Actually the precedence of juxtaposition (two objects separated -by zero spaces) is a little more complicated. If either of the -two objects is enclosed in braces, the precedence is 7 as for -one or more spaces. If neither object is enclosed in braces, -the precedence is 102 as shown above. This complicated rule -seems to accord better with what people expect and need in -practice than a pure precedence rule can do. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_size b/doc/doc/expert/det_size deleted file mode 100644 index 84beccc..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_size +++ /dev/null @@ -1,157 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { The style and size of objects } - @Tag { size } -@Begin -@PP -This section explains how Lout determines the style and size of each -object. Together, these attributes determine the object's final -appearance in the output. -style @Index { Style of an object } -@PP -The style of an object comprises the following: -@BulletList -@LI { Which font family, face and size to use (also defining the -@Code f unit); } -@LI { Whether small capitals are in effect or not, and also what fraction -of the height of full capitals the small capitals are to have; } -@LI { What gap to replace a single space between two objects by (also -defining the @Code s unit); } -@LI { The interpretation to place on white space separating -two objects ({@Code lout}, {@Code compress}, {@Code separate}, {@Code troff}, -or {@Code tex} as in Section {@NumberOf space}); } -@LI { The current value of the @Code y and @Code z units of -measurement (Section {@NumberOf yunit}); } -@LI { The kind of paragraph breaking to employ ({@Code adjust}, -{@Code ragged}, etc.) } -@LI { What gap to insert between the lines of paragraphs -(also defining the @Code v unit); } -@LI { The size of the outdent to use in the @Code outdent paragraph -breaking style; } -@LI { Whether the @Code "unbreakablefirst" and @Code "unbreakablelast" -paragraph breaking options are in effect; } -@LI { Whether the row marks of words are to pass along the baseline -or half the height of an `x' above the baseline; } -@LI { Whether to permit hyphenation or not; } -@LI { What colour the object is to appear in; } -@LI { What colour underlines within the object are to appear in; } -@LI { Whether @@Outline is in effect; } -@LI { The language of the object; } -@LI { Whether @@VAdjust, @@HAdjust and @@PAdjust are in effect. } -@EndList -The style of an object depends on where it appears in the final -document. For example, the style of a parameter depends on where it is -used; the style of a galley is the style of the first target that it -attempts to attach itself to. Of course, the style of any object can be -changed by using the @@Font, @@Break, @@Space, @@SetColour or -@@SetColor, @@SetUnderlineColour or @@SetUnderlineColor, @@Outline, -and @@Language symbols. -@PP -There are no standard default values for style, except that row marks -of words initially pass half the height of an `x' above the baseline, -small capitals are initially off and will be 0.7 times the size of full -capitals, outlining is initially off, the interpretation of white space is -initially {@Code lout}, and the values of the @Code y and @Code z units -are zero. Therefore one must ensure that the root galley or each of its -components is enclosed in @@Font, @@Break, @@SetColour or @@SetColor, and -@@Language symbols. From there the style is passed to incoming galleys -and the objects within them. Enclosure in @@Space is not required because -the @Code "s" unit is also set by @@Font (Section {@NumberOf space}). -@PP -width. @Index { Width of an object } -height. @Index { Height of an object } -size. @Index { Size of an object } -The remainder of this section explains how the size of each object (its -width and height on the printed page) is determined. We will treat width -only, since height is determined in exactly the same way, except that the -complications introduced by paragraph breaking are absent. -@PP -With three exceptions (see below), the width of an object is as large as -it possibly could be without violating a @@Wide symbol or intruding into -the space occupied by neighbouring gaps or objects. As an aid to -investigating this rule, we will use the definition -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @TightBox right x" -"{" -" \"0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke\"" -" @Graphic x" -"}" -} -which draws a box around the boundary of its right parameter (Section -{@NumberOf graphic}) with no margin. The result of -@ID @Code { -"5c @Wide @TightBox metempsychosis" -} -is -@ID { -5c @Wide @TightBox metempsychosis -} -The widest that @Code "@TightBox metempsychosis" could possibly be is five -centimetres, and accordingly that is its width. The same applies to -{@Code metempsychosis}, which is five centimetres wide as well. Note -carefully that there is no object in this example whose width is equal -to the sum of the widths of the letters of {@Code metempsychosis}. -@PP -The first of the three exceptions to the `as wide as possible' rule is the -@@HContract symbol, which causes the width of its right parameter to be -reduced to a reasonable minimum (a formal definition will not be attempted): -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"5c @Wide @HContract @TightBox metempsychosis" -} -produces -@ID { -5c @Wide @HContract @TightBox metempsychosis -} -The object @Code "@HContract @TightBox metempsychosis" is still five centimetres -wide, but the object @Code "@TightBox metempsychosis" has been reduced. -@PP -The second of the three exceptions is the horizontal concatenation symbol -@Code "|" (and also {@Code "&"}). Consider this example: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"5c @Wide @TightBox { A |1c B |1c C }" -} -As usual, the right parameter of @@Wide is five centimetres wide, and -the result looks like this: -@ID { -5c @Wide @TightBox { A |1c B |1c C } -} -Lout has to apportion the size minus inter-column gaps among the three -columns. -@PP -If the columns are wide enough to require paragraph breaking, Lout will -assign sizes to the columns in such a way as to leave narrow columns -unbroken and break wider columns to equal width, occupying the full -size. Otherwise, paragraph breaking is not required, and each column -will be assigned a reasonable minimum size in the manner of @@HContract, -except that the last column receives all the leftover width. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"5c @Wide { @TightBox A |1c @TightBox B |1c @TightBox C }" -} -has result -@ID { -5c @Wide { @TightBox A |1c @TightBox B |1c @TightBox C } -} -If it is desired that the leftover width remain unused, rather than -going into the last column, an empty column can be appended, or the last -column can be enclosed in @@HContract. Two other ways to apportion the -leftover width are provided by the @@HExpand and @@HAdjust symbols -(Sections {@NumberOf hexpand} and {@NumberOf hadjust}). -@PP -The third and final exception to the `as wide as possible' rule concerns -the components of the root galley. Each is considered to be enclosed -root.galley.size @SubIndex { size of components of } -in @@HContract and @@VContract symbols. -@PP -Up to this point we have treated width as a single quantity, but of -course it has two parts: width to left and right of the mark. The -`as wide as possible' rule applies to both directions: -@ID @Code { -"@HContract { @TightBox 953^.05 /0.5c @TightBox 2^.8286 }" -} -has result -@ID { -@HContract { @TightBox 953^.05 /0.5c @TightBox 2^.8286 } -} -Leftover width usually goes to the right, as we have seen, but here some -width was available only to the left of {@Code "2.8286"} owing to the -column mark alignment. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_sort b/doc/doc/expert/det_sort deleted file mode 100644 index 3b71918..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_sort +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Sorted galleys } - @Tag { sorted } -@Begin -@PP -When footnotes are placed at the bottom of a page, they appear there in -first come, first served order. To make galleys appear in sorted order, as -sorted.galley @Index { Sorted galleys } -is needed in bibliographies and indexes, a parameter or nested definition -with the special name @@Key -key. @Index { @@Key parameter } -is added to the galley definition, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @IndexEntry into { @IndexPlace&&following }" -" left @Key" -" right x" -"{ x }" -} -@@Key must be set to a simple word, or several words with nothing more -complex than font changes within them, when the galley is invoked: -@ID @Code { -"{ cities compare } @IndexEntry { cities, comparison of, 27 }" -} -and this key is used to sort the galleys. -@PP -If several sorted galleys with the same key are sent to the same place, -the default behaviour is to print only the first of them; the assumption -is that the others are probably unwanted duplicates. This holds good -for sorted reference lists, for example: we don't want two copies of -a reference just because we happen to cite it twice. -@PP -The other common example of sorted galleys, index entries, requires -something different from discarding duplicates: @I merged -galleys. Suppose that at some point of the document we insert the index entry -@ID @Code "aardvarks @IndexEntry { Aardvarks, 23 }" -while at another point we insert -@ID @Code "aardvarks @IndexEntry { Aardvarks, 359 }" -How the page numbers are worked out is not relevant here. Clearly we -would like to merge these two entries into one entry that comes out as -@ID "Aardvarks, 23, 359" -The following definition will merge two objects @Code x and -@Code y in this way: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -def @Merge left x right y -{ - { x @Rump { x @Meld y } } @Case - { - "" @Yield x - else @Yield { { x{@OneCol ,} } @Meld y } - } - -} -} -The @@Rump and @@Meld symbols are the subject of Section {@NumberOf rump}; -and a detailed explanation of how this definition works is the subject -of Section {@NumberOf exa_inde}. Our only problem is that this -symbol has to be applied to two galleys from widely separated -parts of the document. -@PP -Lout makes this possible by the following special rule: if a -sorted galley contains a nested definition of a symbol whose name -is @@Merge (@@Merge must have just two parameters, left and right), -merge. @Index { @@Merge symbol } -and if that sorted galley is preceded in the list of -sorted galleys destined for some target by another sorted galley -with the same key, then rather than being discarded, the second -galley is merged into the first using the @@Merge symbol. -@PP -The natural thing to do when more than two galleys have the same -key is to merge the first two, then merge the third with the -result of that, then the fourth with the result of that, and -so on. For efficiency reasons beyond our scope here, Lout does -the merging in a different order: it merges @Eq { n } galleys -by merging the first @Eq { lfloor n slash 2 rfloor } together, -then the last @Eq { lceil n slash 2 rceil } together, then -merging the result. Of course, if the @@Merge symbol is -associative this has the same effect. The total time it takes -to merge @Eq { n } galleys with equal keys is @Eq { O ( n sup 2 ) } -or somewhat higher (but always polynomial in @Eq { n }) depending -on how many times the parameters occur within the body of @@Merge; -to do it in the natural linear order would take Lout exponential time. -@PP -For horrible reasons concerning making it possible to print reference -lists sorted by point of first citation, the particular sort key -{@Code "??"} is treated differently. If two galleys have this -key, according to the rules above either the second would be -discarded or else it would be merged with the first. However, -for this particular key only, the two galleys will in fact be -kept distinct, just as though their sort keys had been different. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/det_visi b/doc/doc/expert/det_visi deleted file mode 100644 index 870f781..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/det_visi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,181 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { visibility } - @Title { Nested definitions, body parameters, extend, import, and export } -@Begin -@PP -A definition may contain -nested.def @Index { Nested definitions } -other definitions at the beginning of its body: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @NineSquare" -" right x" -"{" -" def @Three { x |0.2i x |0.2i x }" -"" -" @Three /0.2i @Three /0.2i @Three" -"}" -} -A parameter like @Code x may be invoked anywhere within the body of the -symbol it is a parameter of, including within nested definitions. A -nested symbol like @Code "@Three" may be invoked anywhere from the -beginning of its own body to the end of the body of the symbol it is -defined within. So, assuming an appropriate definition of -{@Code "@Box"}, -@ID @Code { -"@NineSquare @Box" -} -has result -@ID @Fig { -@NineSquare @Box { 0.2i @Wide 0.2i @High } -} -Nested definitions may themselves contain nested definitions, to -arbitrary depth. -@PP -There are three special features which permit a nested symbol or -parameter to be invoked outside its normal range; that is, outside the -body of the enclosing symbol. The first and simplest of these features -is the {@I {body parameter}}, -parameter.body @SubIndex { @Code body parameter } -body.par @Index { @Code body parameter } -an alternative form of right parameter. The Eq equation formatting -package @Cite { $kingston1995lout.user, Chapter 7 } is a classic example -of the use of a body parameter. In outline, it looks like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"export \"+\" sup over" -"" -"def @Eq" -" body x" -"{" -" def \"+\" ..." -" def sup ..." -" def over ..." -" ..." -"" -" Slope @Font x" -"}" -} -First we list those nested symbols and parameters that we intend to -refer to outside the body of @Code "@Eq" in an @Code export clause, -export @Index { @Code export clause } -preceding the definition as shown. Only exported symbols may be -invoked outside the body of {@Code "@Eq"}. The body parameter is like a -right parameter except that the exported symbols are visible within it: -@ID @Code { -"@Eq { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} over 2 }" -} -calls on the nested definitions of @Code "@Eq" to produce the result -@ID { -@Eq { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} over 2 } -} -The body parameter's value must be enclosed in braces. The term `body -parameter' is a reminder that the value is interpreted as if it was -within the body of the symbol. -@PP -A body parameter may not be exported, and in fact a body parameter may -be invoked only within the body of the enclosing symbol, not within -any nested definitions. For example, @Code "x" above may not be invoked -within {@Code "sup"}. This restriction is needed to avoid the -possibility of recursion, when the actual body parameter invokes an -exported nested definition which invokes the body parameter, etc. -@PP -The second place where exported symbols may be used is in the right -parameter of the @@Open symbol, and following its alternative form, -@@Use (Section {@NumberOf open}). -@PP -Exported nested symbols and parameters may be made visible within -a subsequent definition or macro by preceding it with an @Code import -import @Index { @Code import clause } -clause, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"import @Eq" -"def pythag { sqrt { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } }" -} -Note however that @Code pythag can only be used with some invocation of -{@Code "@Eq"}: within the body parameter of an invocation of {@Code "@Eq"}, -within the right parameter of an {@Code "@Eq&&tag @Open"}, or following -a {@Code "@Use { @Eq ... }"}. There may be several symbols in the -@Code import clause. -@PP -In a similar way to {@Code "import"}, a definition may be preceded -by {@Code "extend"} followed by a symbol name: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"extend @Eq" -"def pythag { sqrt { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } }" -} -The effect of this is just as though the definition of @Code "pythag" -had occurred directly after the existing definitions within -{@Code "@Eq"}, with {@Code "pythag"} added to {@Code "@Eq"}'s -export list. This is useful for extending the capabilities of a -package of definitions like @Code "@Eq" without modifying its source -file. The essential differences to @Code "import" are that all the -symbols of @Code "@Eq" become visible within {@Code "pythag"}, not -just the exported ones, and only one symbol may follow the -@Code "extend" keyword. -@PP -Actually, more than one symbol may follow {@Code extend}, but this -usage indicates a `path name' of the symbol. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"extend @DocumentLayout @ReportLayout" -"def @Keywords ..." -} -causes the definition of @Code "@Keywords" to occur directly after -the existing definitions of {@Code "@ReportLayout"}, which itself -lies within {@Code "@DocumentLayout"}. -@PP -A named parameter may also be preceded by an @Code "import" clause. -As usual, the meaning is that the visible local definitions of -the import symbol(s) are visible within the body (the default -value) of the named parameter. But furthermore, those symbols -will be visible within all invocations of the parameter. For -example, suppose we define -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Diag" -" import @Algebra named linewidth { 1p }" -" import @Algebra named dashlength { 2p }" -" ..." -} -Then, if @Code "@Algebra" exports symbols {@Code "+"}, -{@Code "-"}, and so on, we may write -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Diag" -" linewidth { 1f - 2p }" -" dashlength { 1f + 2p }" -} -using the symbols from {@Code "@Algebra"}. There may be several -symbols after the @Code "import" keyword. All these symbols -share an important restriction: they may not have parameters. -This is necessary because Lout would be unable to determine -suitable values for any such parameters, if they did exist. -@PP -As an exception to the rule just given, a named parameter may -import the symbol it is a parameter of: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"export @Cell" -"def @Tbl" -" import @Tbl named @Format { ... }" -} -In this example the exported definitions of @Code "@Tbl" (i.e. -{@Code "@Cell"}) will be visible within {@Code "@Format"}. However, -they may only be used in actual parameters, not in the default -value of the named parameter. This is owing to implementation -problems: at the time the default value of {@Code "@Format"} is -read, the exported symbols have not been read and are consequently -not known. -@PP -Since @Code "@Cell" is nested within {@Code "@Tbl"}, the -value of an invocation of @Code "@Cell" may depend on the value -of parameters of {@Code "@Tbl"}. If @Code "@Cell" is used within -an actual {@Code "@Format"} parameter, its value depends on the -value of parameters of the invocation of {@Code "@Tbl"} of which -the {@Code "@Format"} parameter is a part. -@PP -A definition, macro, or named parameter may have several alternative -names, like this: -@ID @Code "macro @CD @CentredDisplay @CenteredDisplay { ... }" -This is useful for abbreviated and alternative spellings, as shown. The -names appear together, and they may subsequently be used interchangeably. -@PP -If one name of a symbol appears in an export or import list, its other -names are automaticaly included as well, and should not also appear -in the list. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/exa b/doc/doc/expert/exa deleted file mode 100644 index 8224698..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/exa +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Examples } - @Tag { examples } -@Begin -@LP -This chapter presents some examples taken from the various -packages available with Basser Lout. The reader who masters these -examples will be well prepared to read the packages themselves. The -examples have not been simplified in any way, since an important part of -their purpose is to show Lout in actual practice. -@PP -Although all these examples have been taken from real code, they do -not necessarily represent the current state of the Lout packages. -@BeginSections -@Include { exa_equa } -@Include { exa_para } -@Include { exa_page } -@Include { exa_chap } -@Include { exa_bibl } -@Include { exa_inde } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/exa_bibl b/doc/doc/expert/exa_bibl deleted file mode 100644 index 9de5f26..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/exa_bibl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,238 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Bibliographies } - @Tag { biblio } -@Begin -@PP -bibliographies @Index { Bibliographies } -The first step in the production of a bibliography is to create a -database of references based on the definition -reference.example @Index { @Code "@Reference" example } -@ID @Code { - "export @Type @Author @Title @Institution @Number @Publisher" -//1vx " @Year @Proceedings @Journal @Volume @Pages @Comment" -//1vx "" -//1vx "def @Reference" -//1vx " named @Tag" |2f "{ TAG? }" - /1vx " named @Type" | "{ TYPE? }" - /1vx " named @Author" | "{ AUTHOR? }" - /1vx " named @Title" | "{ TITLE? }" - /1vx " named @Institution" | "{ INSTITUTION? }" - /1vx " named @Number" | "{ NUMBER? }" - /1vx " named @Publisher" | "{ PUBLISHER? }" - /1vx " named @Year" | "{ YEAR? }" - /1vx " named @Proceedings" | "{ PROCEEDINGS? }" - /1vx " named @Journal" | "{ JOURNAL? }" - /1vx " named @Volume" | "{ VOLUME? }" - /1vx " named @Pages" | "{ PAGES? }" - /1vx " named @Comment" | "{ @Null }" -//1vx "{ @Null }" -} -For example, the database might contain -@IL -@LI @Code { -"{ @Reference" -" @Tag { strunk1979style }" -" @Type { Book }" -" @Author { Strunk, William and White, E. B. }" -" @Title { The Elements of Style }" -" @Publisher { MacMillan, third edition }" -" @Year { 1979 }" -"}" -} - -@LI @Code { -"{ @Reference" -" @Tag { kingston92 }" -" @Type { TechReport }" -" @Author { Kingston, Jeffrey H. }" -" @Title { Document Formatting with Lout (Second Edition) }" -" @Number { 449 }" -" @Institution { Basser Department of Computer" -"Science F09, University of Sydney 2006, Australia }" -" @Year { 1992 }" -"}" -} -@EL -Since named parameters are optional, we have one for every conceivable -type of attribute, and simply leave out those that do not apply in any -particular reference. We can print a reference by using the @@Open -symbol to get at its attributes: -@ID @Code { -"@Reference&&strunk1979style @Open" -"{ @Author, {Slope @Font @Title}. @Publisher, @Year. }" -} -The right parameter of @@Open may use the exported parameters of the -left, and so the result is -@ID { -@Reference&&strunk1979style @Open -{ @Author, {Slope @Font @Title}. @Publisher, @Year. } |0io -} -Incidentally, we are not limited to just one database of references; -several @@Database symbols can nominate the same symbol, and invocations of -that symbol can appear in the document itself as well if we wish. -@PP -The second step is to create a database of print styles for the various -types of reference (Book, TechReport, etc.), based on the following -definition: -@ID @Code { -"export @Style" -"def @RefStyle" -" left @Tag" -" named @Style right reftag {}" -"{}" -} -Notice that the named parameter @Code "@Style" has a right parameter -{@Code "reftag"}. The style database has one entry for each type of -reference: -@ID @Code { -"{ Book @RefStyle @Style" -" { @Reference&&reftag @Open" -" { @Author, {Slope @Font @Title}. @Publisher, @Year. @Comment }" -" }" -"}" -"" -"{ TechReport @RefStyle @Style" -" { @Reference&&reftag @Open" -" { @Author, {Slope @Font @Title}. Tech. Rep. @Number (@Year)," -"@Institution. @Comment }" -" }" -"}" -} -and so on. The following prints the reference whose tag is -@Code strunk1979style in the Book style: -@ID @Code { -"@RefStyle&&Book @Open { @Style strunk1979style }" -} -It has result -@ID { -@RefStyle&&Book @Open { @Style strunk1979style } |0io -} -Notice how the @Code "@Style" parameter of @Code "@RefStyle" is given the -parameter {@Code strunk1979style}, which it uses to open the appropriate -reference. -@PP -We can consult the @Code "@Type" attribute of a reference to find out -its style, which brings us to the following definition for printing out -a reference in the style appropriate to it: -@ID @Code { -"def @RefPrint" -" right reftag" -"{ @RefStyle&&{ @Reference&&reftag @Open { @Type } }" -" @Open { @Style reftag }" -"}" -} -For example, to evaluate {@Code "@RefPrint strunk1979style"}, Lout first -evaluates -@ID @Code { -"@Reference&&strunk1979style @Open { @Type }" -} -whose result is {@Code { @Reference&&strunk1979style @Open { @Type } }}, -and then evaluates -@ID @Code { -"@RefStyle&&Book @Open { @Style strunk1979style }" -} -as before. Complicated as this is, with its two databases and clever -passing about of tags, the advantages of separating references from -printing styles are considerable: printing styles may be changed -easily, and non-expert users need never see them. -@PP -Finally, we come to the problem of printing out a numbered list of -references, and referring to them by number in the body of the -document. The first step is to create a numbered list of places that -galleys containing references may attach to: -referencesection.example @Index { @Code "@ReferenceSection" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @ReferenceSection" -" named @Tag {}" -" named @Title { References }" -" named @RunningTitle { dft }" -" named style right tag { tag. }" -" named headstyle right @Title { @Heading @Title }" -" named indent { @DispIndent }" -" named gap { @DispGap }" -" named start { 1 }" -"{" -" def @RefList right num" -" {" -" @NumberMarker num & indent @Wide {style num} | @RefPlace" -" //gap @RefList @Next num" -" }" -"" -" @Protect headstyle @Title" -" // @PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged @Tag" -" // @Title @MajorContentsEntry {@PageOf @Tag}" -" // @Runner" -" @FootEven { |0.5rt 0.8f @Font @B @PageNum }" -" @FootOdd { |0.5rt 0.8f @Font @B @PageNum }" -" //@DispGap @RefList start" -" // @Runner" -" @TopEven { @B @PageNum }" -" @TopOdd { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1rt @B @PageNum }" -"}" -} -We place the expression @Code "@ReferenceSection" at the point where we -want the list of references to appear; its value is something like -@ID @Code { -"1. @RefPlace" -"2. @RefPlace" -"3. @RefPlace" -"..." -} -where @Code "@RefPlace" is @Code "@Galley" as usual. We can scatter -multiple lists of references through the document if we wish (at the end -of each chapter, for example), simply by placing @Code "@ReferenceSection" -at each point. -@PP -Our task is completed by the following definition: -ref.example @Index { @Code "@Ref" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @Ref right x" -"{" -" def sendref into { @RefPlace&&following }" -" right @Key" -" {" -" @NumberMarker&&preceding @Tagged x &" -" @PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged x &" -" @RefPrint x" -" }" -"" -" @NumberMarker&&x @Open { @Tag } sendref x" -"}" -} -Given this definition, the invocation {@Code "@Ref strunk1979style"} has result -@ID @Code "@NumberMarker&&strunk1979style @Open { @Tag }" -plus the galley {@Code "sendref strunk1979style"}. We first -follow what happens to the galley. -@PP -According to its @Code into clause, the galley will replace a -@Code "@RefPlace" in the nearest following {@Code "@ReferenceSection"}. If -every such galley is a sorted galley whose key is the reference's tag, as -this one is, they will appear sorted by tag. The galley's object is -@ID @Code { -"@NumberMarker&&preceding @Tagged strunk1979style &" -"@PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged strunk1979style &" -"@RefPrint strunk1979style" -} -The result of the @@Tagged symbol is always @@Null, so this prints the -@Code strunk1979style reference in the appropriate style at the -{@Code "@RefPlace"}, as desired. -@PP -Now @Code "@NumberMarker&&preceding" is the nearest preceding invocation of -@Code "@NumberMarker" in the final document. This must be the invocation of -@Code "@NumberMarker" just before the @Code "@RefPlace" that received -the galley, and so this invocation of @Code "@NumberMarker" is given @Code -strunk1979style as an additional tag by the @@Tagged symbol. Its original tag -was the number of the reference place, which means that -@ID @Code { -"@NumberMarker&&strunk1979style @Open { @Tag }" -} -has for its result the number of the reference place that received the -@Code strunk1979style galley, and this is the desired result of -{@Code "@Ref strunk1979style"}. -@PP -It might seem that if we refer to the @Code strunk1979style reference twice, -two copies will be sent to the reference list and it will appear -twice. However, when more than one sorted galley with the same key is sent -to the same place, only one of them is printed (Section {@NumberOf galleys}); -so provided that sorted galleys are used there is no problem. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/exa_chap b/doc/doc/expert/exa_chap deleted file mode 100644 index 51926c0..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/exa_chap +++ /dev/null @@ -1,273 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Chapters and sections } - @Tag { chapters } -@Begin -@PP -The definitions of chapters and sections from the DocumentSetup package -chapters. @Index { Chapters and sections } -of Version 2 (in Version 3, the BookSetup extension of DocumentSetup) -form the subject of this section. They allow a chapter to be entered -like this: -document.layout.chapters @SubIndex { chapters and sections } -@ID @Code { -"@Chapter" -" @Title { ... }" -" @Tag { ... }" -"@Begin" -" ..." -"@End @Chapter" -} -Within the chapter a sequence of sections may be included by writing -@ID @Code { -"@BeginSections" -"@Section { ... }" -"..." -"@Section { ... }" -"@EndSections" -} -These are numbered automatically, and an entry is made for each in a -table of contents. -@PP -The user of the DocumentSetup package can find the number of the chapter or -section with a given tag by writing @Code "@NumberOf tag" at any point -in the document. This feature is based on the following definitions: -numberof.example @Index { @Code "@NumberOf" example } -@ID @Code { -"export @Tag" -"def @NumberMarker right @Tag { @Null }" -"" -"def @NumberOf right x" -"{ @NumberMarker&&x @Open { @Tag } }" -} -Each chapter and section will contain one invocation of -{@Code "@NumberMarker"}; a full explanation will be given later. -@PP -A sequence of places for receiving chapters is easily defined: -@ID @Code { -"export @Tag" -"def @ChapterList right @Tag" -"{" -" @Galley" -" //@ChapterGap @ChapterList @Next @Tag" -"}" -} -@Code "@ChapterGap" will usually be {@Code "1.1b"}, ensuring that each -chapter begins on a new page. The @Code "@Chapter" galley itself is -defined as follows: -chapter.example @Index { @Code "@Chapter" example } -@IndentedList -@LI @Code { -"export @FootNote @BeginSections @EndSections @Section" -"def @Chapter force into { @ChapterList&&preceding }" -" named @Tag {}" -" named @Title {}" -" named @RunningTitle { dft }" -" body @Body" -"{" -" def @FootNote right x { @ColFootNote x }" -"" -" def @BeginSections ..." -" def @EndSections ..." -" def @Section ..." -} -@LI @Code { -" def @ChapterTitle" -" {" -" @ChapterNumbers @Case {" -" {Yes yes} @Yield { Chapter {@NumberOf @Tag}. |2s @Title }" -" else @Yield @Title" -" }" -" }" -"" -" def @ChapterNum" -" {" -" @ChapterNumbers @Case {" -" {Yes yes} @Yield { Chapter {@NumberOf @Tag} }" -" else @Yield @Null" -" }" -" }" -} -@LI @Code { -" ragged @Break @BookTitleFormat @ChapterTitle" -" // @NumberMarker {" -" @ChapterList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }" -" }" -" // @ChapterList&&preceding @Tagged @Tag" -" // @NumberMarker&&preceding @Tagged @Tag" -" // @PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged @Tag" -" // { @ChapterTitle } @MajorContentsEntry {@PageOf @Tag}" -" // @Runner" -" @FootEven { |0.5rt 0.8f @Font @B @PageNum }" -" @FootOdd { |0.5rt 0.8f @Font @B @PageNum }" -" // @Body" -" //@SectionGap @ChapRefSection" -" // @Runner" -" @TopEven { @B @PageNum |1rt @I @ChapterNum }" -" @TopOdd { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1rt @B @PageNum }" -"}" -} -@EndList -We will see the symbols for sections shortly. Notice how their use has -been restricted to within the right parameter of {@Code "@Chapter"}, by -nesting them and using a body parameter. -@PP -The meaning of @Code "@FootNote" within @Code "@Chapter" has been set -to {@Code "@ColFootNote"}, which produces a footnote targeted to -{@Code "@ColFootList"} (see Section {@NumberOf pagelayout}). In other -words, footnotes within chapters go at the foot of the column, not at -the foot of the page. (Of course, in single-column books this -distinction is insignificant.) @Code "@ChapterTitle" and -@Code "@ChapterNum" are trivial definitions which vary depending on -whether the user has requested numbered chapters or not. -@PP -Each invocation of @Code "@Chapter" has its own unique {@Code "@Tag"}, -either supplied by the user or else inserted automatically by Lout. We -now trace the cross referencing of chapter numbers on a hypothetical -third chapter whose tag is {@Code "euclid"}. -@PP -@Code "@ChapterList&&preceding @Tagged euclid" attaches @Code "euclid" -as an extra tag to the first invocation of @Code "@ChapterList" -preceding itself in the final printed document. But this -@Code "@ChapterList" must be the target of the chapter, and so -@ID @Code "@ChapterList&&euclid @Open { @Tag }" -is 3, the number of the chapter ({@Code "@Tag"} refers to the parameter -of {@Code "@ChapterList"}, not the parameter of {@Code "@Chapter"}). - Consequently the invocation of -@Code "@NumberMarker" within the chapter is equal to -{@Code "@NumberMarker 3"}. -@PP -@Code "@NumberMarker&&preceding @Tagged euclid" attaches @Code "euclid" -to {@Code "@NumberMarker 3"} as an extra tag, and so -{@Code "@NumberOf euclid"}, which expands to -@ID @Code "@NumberMarker&&euclid @Open { @Tag }" -must be equal to 3, as required. This scheme could be simplified by -placing the invocation of @Code "@NumberMarker" within -@Code "@ChapterList" rather than within {@Code "@Chapter"}, but it turns -out that that scheme does not generalize well to sections and subsections. -@PP -There is a trap for the unwary in the use of @Code preceding and -{@Code following}. Suppose that the invocation of @Code "@NumberMarker" -within @Code "@Chapter" is replaced by the seemingly equivalent -@ID @Code "@NumberMarker { @ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @Tag } }" -Now suppose that @Code "@NumberOf euclid" appears somewhere within -Chapter 7. It will expand to -@ID @Code "@NumberMarker&&euclid @Open { @Tag }" -which would now be equal to -@ID @Code "@ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @Tag }" -whose value, evaluated as it is within Chapter 7, is 7, not 3. Use of -@Code preceding or @Code following within the parameter -of a symbol, rather than within the body, is likely to be erroneous. -@PP -Much of the remainder of the definition of @Code "@Chapter" is fairly -self-explanatory: there is a heading, a tag sent to mark the page on -which the chapter begins, a @Code "@ContentsEntry" galley sent to the -table of contents, galleys for the figures and tables of the chapter to -collect in, @Code "@Body" where the body of the chapter goes, and -@Code "@ChapRefSection" to hold a concluding list of references. This -leaves only the two invocations of @Code "@Runner" to explain. -@PP -The first @Code "@Runner" is just below the heading. It will be the target -of the @Code "@Runner&&following" cross reference at the beginning of the -first page of the chapter (see Section {@NumberOf pagelayout}), which -consequently will have null running headers and the given footers. -@PP -The second @Code "@Runner" appears at the very end of the chapter, hence -on its last page. Since no invocations of @Code "@Runner" lie between -it and the first {@Code "@Runner"}, it will be the target of -@Code "@Runner&&following" on every page from the second page of the -chapter to the last, inclusive, and will supply the format of their -headers and footers. -@PP -The interested reader might care to predict the outcome in unusual -cases, such as when the heading occupies two pages, or when a chapter -occupies only one, or (assuming a change to the gap between chapters) -when a chapter starts halfway down a page. Such predictions can be made -with great confidence. -@PP -The expression @Code "@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title" appearing in the second -@Code "@Runner" returns the value of the @Code "@RunningTitle" parameter -of @Code "@Chapter" if this is not equal to the default value -{@Code "dft"}, or @Code "@Title" otherwise: -orelse.example @Index { @Code "@OrElse" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @OrElse" -" left x" -" right y" -"{" -" x @Case {" -" dft @Yield y" -" else @Yield x" -" }" -"}" -} -This produces the effect of -@ID @Code { -"named @RunningTitle { @Title }" -} -which unfortunately is not permissible as it stands, because @Code "@Title" -is not visible within the default value of {@Code "@RunningTitle"}. -@PP -Finally, the definitions for sections omitted earlier are as follows: -section.example @Index { @Code "@Section" example } -@IndentedList -@LI @Code { -"def @EndSectionsPlace { @Galley }" -"def @EndSections force into { @EndSectionsPlace&&preceding } {}" -"macro @BeginSections { //@SectionGap @SectionList 1 // @EndSectionsPlace // }" -} -@LI @Code { -"def @Section force into { @SectionList&&preceding }" -" named @Tag {}" -" named @Title {}" -" named @RunningTitle { dft }" -" body @Body" -"{" -" def @SectionTitle" -" {" -" @SectionNumbers @Case {" -" {Yes yes} @Yield { {@NumberOf @Tag}. |2s @Title }" -" else @Yield @Title" -" }" -" }" -"" -" @Heading @Protect @SectionTitle" -" // @NumberMarker {" -" {@ChapterList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }}.{" -" @SectionList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }}" -" }" -" // @ChapterList&&preceding @Tagged @Tag" -" // @SectionList&&preceding @Tagged @Tag" -" // @NumberMarker&&preceding @Tagged @Tag" -" // @PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged @Tag" -" // { &3f @SectionTitle } @ContentsEntry {@PageOf @Tag}" -" //0io @Body" -"}" -} -@EndList -The @Code "@BeginSections" macro invokes {@Code "@SectionList"}, -preceded by the appropriate gap and followed by an @Code "@EndSectsPlace" -for closing the list of sections when the @Code "@EndSections" symbol is -found. @Code "@Section" itself is just a copy of @Code "@Chapter" with -slight changes to the format. The parameter of @Code "@NumberMarker" is -a simple generalization of the one within {@Code "@Chapter"}. Notice -that we have taken care that the value of this parameter be -a juxtaposition of simple words: although -@ID @Code { -"{@ChapterList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }}. &" -"{@SectionList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }}" -} -is formally equivalent, @Code "&" was not permitted within a -@Code "@Tag" parameter until recently. -@PP -The DocumentSetup package also contains definitions for subsections in the -same style. They raise the question of whether Lout is capable of -producing subsections should the user place {@Code "@BeginSections"}, -{@Code "@Section"}, and {@Code "@EndSections"} within a {@I section}, -and whether such nesting could proceed to arbitrary depth. Arbitrary -nesting of sections within sections is available now, although the -numbering would of course be wrong. The author has worked out -definitions which provide correct numbering to arbitrary depth, with an -arbitrary format for each level. These were not incorporated into -DocumentSetup because the author considers sub-subsections to be poor -style, and he prefers separate names for the symbols at each level. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/exa_equa b/doc/doc/expert/exa_equa deleted file mode 100644 index 67852b8..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/exa_equa +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { An equation formatting package } - @Tag { eq } -@Begin -@PP -In this section we describe the design and implementation of the Eq -eq. @Index { Eq equation formatting package } -equation formatting package. Equation formatting makes a natural first -example, partly because its requirements have strongly influenced the -design of Lout, and partly because no cross references or galleys are -required. -@PP -To the author's knowledge, Eq is the first equation formatter to be -implemented as a collection of high-level definitions. This approach -has significant advantages: the basics of language and layout are -trivial, so the implementor can concentrate on fine-tuning; and the -definitions, being readily available, can be improved, extended, or even -replaced. -@PP -As described in the User's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.user }, an -equation is entered in a format based on the one introduced by the eqn -language of Kernighan and Cherry @Cite { $kernighan1975eqn }: -kernighan.b @Index { Kernighan, B. } -cherry.l @Index { Cherry, L. } -@ID @Code { -"@Eq { { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } over 2 }" -} -The result is -@ID @Eq { { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } over 2 } -In outline, the definition of the @Code "@Eq" symbol is -eq.example @Index { @Code "@Eq" example } -@ID @Code { -"export sup over \"+\" \"2\" \"<=\"" -"def @Eq" -" body @Body" -"{" -" def sup precedence 60 left x right y { ... }" -" def over precedence 54 left x right y { ... }" -" def \"2\" { Base @Font \"2\" }" -" def \"+\" { {Symbol Base} @Font \"+\" }" -" def \"<=\" { {Symbol Base} @Font \"\\243\" }" -" ..." -"" -" Slope @Font 1.2f @Break 0c @Space @Body" -"}" -} -A body parameter is used to restrict the visibility of the equation -formatting symbols (there are hundreds of them). The equation as a whole -is set in Slope (i.e. Italic) font, and symbols such as @Code "\"2\"" and -@Code "\"+\"" are defined when other fonts are needed. Precedences are -used to resolve ambiguities such as {@Code "a sup b over c"}. Eq takes -all spacing decisions on itself, so to prevent white space -typed by the user from interfering, the equation is enclosed in -{@Code "0c @Space"}. We will discuss the {@Code "1.2f @Break"} later. -@PP -Thus have we disposed of the language design part of the equation -formatting problem; it remains now to define the twenty or so symbols -with parameters, and get the layout right. -@PP -Every equation has an {@I axis}: an imaginary horizontal line through -the centre of variables, through the bar of built-up fractions, and so -on. We can satisfy this requirement by ensuring that the result of each -symbol has a single row mark, on the axis. For example, the -superscripting symbol is defined as follows: -sup.example @Index { @Code "sup" example } -@ID @Code { -"def sup" -" precedence 60" -" associativity left" -" left x" -" named gap { @SupGap }" -" right y" -"{" -" @HContract @VContract {" -" | @Smaller y" -" ^/gap x" -" }" -"}" -} -The @Code "@VContract" and @Code "^/" symbols together ensure that the axis -of the result is the axis of the left parameter. A @Code "gap" -parameter has been provided for varying the height of the superscript, -with default value @Code "@SupGap" defined elsewhere as -{@Code "0.40fk"}. It is important that such gaps be expressed in units -that vary with the font size, so that they remain correct when the size -changes. Collecting the default values into symbols like @Code -"@SupGap" ensures consistency and assists when tuning the values. Here -is another characteristic definition: -over.example @Index { @Code "over" example } -@ID @Code { -"def over" -" precedence 54" -" associativity left" -" left x" -" named gap { 0.2f }" -" right y" -"{" -" @HContract @VContract {" -" |0.5rt @OneCol x" -" ^//gap @HLine" -" //gap |0.5rt @OneCol y" -" }" -"}" -} -Both parameters are centred, since we do not know which will be the -wider; we use @@OneCol to make sure that the entire parameter is -centred, not just its first column, and @@HContract ensures that the -fraction will never expand to fill all the available space, as Lout objects -have a natural tendency to do (Section {@NumberOf size}). @Code "@HLine" -is a horizontal line of the width of the column: -hline.example @Index { @Code "@Hline" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @HLine" -" named line { \"0.05 ft setlinewidth\" }" -"{ " -" { \"0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto\" line \"stroke\" } @Graphic {}" -"}" -} -Here we are relying on the expanding tendency just mentioned. -@PP -The remaining symbols are quite similar to these ones. We conclude with -a few fine points of mathematical typesetting mentioned by a leading -authority, D. E. Knuth @Cite { $knuth1984tex }. -knuth.d @Index { Knuth, D. } -@PP -Some symbols, such as @Eq {lessequal} and @Eq { notequal }, should have a -thick space on each side; others, such as @Eq {plus} and @Eq {minus}, -have a medium space; others have a thin space on the right only. This -would be easy to do except that these spaces are not wanted in -superscripts and subscripts: -@ID @Eq { r sup n+1 - 1 } -In effect, the definition of such symbols changes depending on the -context; but Lout does not permit such a change. Luckily, the so-called -`style' information set by the @@Font, @@Break, and @@Space symbols can -change in this way. Accordingly, Eq uses the @Code y unit, which is -part of style, for these spaces: -@ID @Code { -"def @MedGap { 0.20y }" -"" -"def \"+\" { &@MedGap plus &@MedGap }" -"" -"def @HSqueeze right x { 0.2f @YUnit x }" -} -In the equation as a whole, the y unit is initially set to -{@Code 1f}, and so @Code "@MedGap" ordinarily supplies 20% of this -amount. But superscripts and subscripts are enclosed in the -@Code "@HSqueeze" symbol, which, by changing the y unit, ensures that -any @Code "@MedGap" within them is much smaller than usual. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/exa_inde b/doc/doc/expert/exa_inde deleted file mode 100644 index c3ddb93..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/exa_inde +++ /dev/null @@ -1,178 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Merged index entries } - @Tag { exa_inde } -@Begin -@PP -Getting index entries to merge correctly has been quite a struggle. -It is easy to specify what is wanted, but Lout lacks the lists and -objects (in the object-oriented sense) that would make the -implementation straightforward. The whole problem was reanalysed -for Version 3.26, reimplemented, tested more carefully than is -usually necessary in Lout, and proved correct as follows. -@PP -We ignore page number ranges in this proof. It is not hard to -show that they will be handled correctly too, provided they -do not overlap with other entries with the same key. The -effect of such overlaps is undefined, leaving us nothing to -prove. We also assume that every entry with a given -key has the same label, including any format (that is, the same -initial part before the page number). If labels differ the -result is undefined and there is nothing to prove. -@PP -We will prove that raw entries always have the form -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}" -and that non-raw entries always have the form -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2" -where the pattern may repeat for any number of page numbers -{@Code pn1}, {@Code pn2}, etc. In addition, the page numbers -will be distinct, monotone increasing, and consist of exactly -the numbers in the original unmerged entries. -@PP -These expressions are not the simplest that would give the -correct appearance. Without @Code "&0.03fu {}" the code -would not work correctly, as will be explained below. Without -@@OneCol the commas would be subject to an optimization which -can merge them into the previous word. It's too difficult to -explain when this optimization will and will not be applied; -suffice to say that it will sometimes not happen when melding, -and this will cause @@Meld to get its equality testing wrong, -so it must be prevented from happening at all. -@PP -Our proof is by induction on the number of entries merged -together. First, we need to establish the base cases. If the -index entry is raw, the following expression is used to define -its value: -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}" -If the index entry is non-raw, the following expression is -used to define its value: -@ID @Code "label &"0.03fu" {}{@OneCol ,} pn" -where @Code pn is the page number or page number range of -the entry. In each case we clearly have an entry that -satisfies all the requirements of the theorem. -@PP -Now consider what happens when we come to merge two -entries. The code used to carry out this merge is -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -def @Merge left x right y -{ - { x @Rump { x @Meld y } } @Case - { - "" @Yield x - else @Yield { { x{@OneCol ,} } @Meld y } - } - -} -} -where @Code x is the first entry and {@Code y} is -the second. -@PP -We call the expression -@ID @Code "x @Rump { x @Meld y }" -the {@I discriminant}, since it determines which case -to apply. We will track this in detail below, but -approximately, its function is to determine whether @Code y -contains something that is different from anything in -{@Code x}. If so, then @Code "x @Meld y" differs from -@Code "x" and the discriminant is non-empty; if not, -@Code "x @Meld y" is equal to @Code "x" and the discriminant -is empty. -@PP -The first entry, @Code { x }, may be raw or non-raw, and the -second, @Code { y }, may also be raw or non-raw, together -giving four cases, which we take in turn. -@PP -If both entries are raw, then by assumption they have the -same labels and so are identical. Thus, @Code "x @Meld y" -equals @Code { x }, the discriminant is empty, -and the result is @Code { x }, which is correct. -@PP -If @Code { x } is raw and @Code { y } is non-raw, then -the discriminant is non-empty and the result is the meld -of two objects, the first having the form -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,}" -being @Code "x" with a comma appended, and -the second being some non-raw entry such as -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2" -where the pattern may repeat. We are assuming by induction -that @Code y has this form. Clearly, this meld gives a -value equal to @Code { y }, which is the correct result. -@PP -If @Code { x } is non-raw and @Code { y } is raw, the -@@Meld in the discriminant melds two values typified by -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2" -and -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}" -The result of this is @Code { x } with an empty object added -at the end. This empty object is the second element of @Code { y }, -which is not equal to any element of @Code { x }: the second -element of @Code x is not @Code "{}" but rather -@Code { "{}{@OneCol ,}" }, because @@Meld treats immediately adjacent -objects as single elements. The result of @@Rump is then this -extra empty object, so the discriminant is the empty object and -we return @Code { x }, correctly. It is this case that requires -us to use {@Code "0.03fu"}; without it we would be melding -@ID @Code "label{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2" -with -@ID @Code "label" -producing -@ID @Code "label{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2 label" -leading to a non-empty discriminant and the wrong answer. -@PP -This leaves just the case where both @Code x and @Code y -are non-raw. We will divide this last case into three -sub-cases, but first we need some general observations. -@PP -Index entries are sorted for merging in the order in -which their anchor points appear in the final printed -document. This means that over the course of these -entries the page numbers are non-decreasing. It is -therefore clear that, although the order of merging -is undefined (actually a balanced tree order is used), -whenever two entries are presented for merging, all the -page numbers in the first entry are no larger than all -the page numbers in the second entry. We are also -assuming inductively that the page numbers in each entry -are distinct and monotone increasing. Thus, there can -be at most one page number common to any two entries -being merged, and if there is one in common it is the -last page number of the first entry and the first of -the second. -@PP -Our first sub-case is when the two entries have no -page number in common. Since @Code { y } is non-raw, -it has a page number not equal to any page number in -@Code { x }. Therefore the discriminant is non-empty -and the result is the meld of @Code "x{@OneCol ,}" -with @Code { y }, which for example could be the -meld of -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2{@OneCol ,}" -with -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn3{@OneCol ,} pn4" -This will give the right answer, since @@Meld treats -adjacent objects as single elements, and always incorporates -elements from the first parameter first when it has a choice. -@PP -Our second sub-case is when the two entries have a -page number in common and @Code { y } has two or more -page numbers. The common page number must be the last -of @Code x and the first of @Code { y }, so again -@Code { y } has something (its last page number) -distinct from @Code { x }, the discriminant is non-empty, -and we end up for example melding -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2{@OneCol ,}" -with -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn2{@OneCol ,} pn3" -Again it's clear that the meld will produce the right -answer; in fact, this second sub-case could be unified -with the first sub-case. -@PP -Our third sub-case is when the two entries have a page -number in common and @Code { y } has only one page -number. In this case, typified by @Code { x } with value -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2" -and @Code y with value -@ID @Code "label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn2" -it is clear that @Code y offers nothing new, the -discriminant is empty, and the result, quite correctly, -is @Code { x }. This completes the proof. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/exa_page b/doc/doc/expert/exa_page deleted file mode 100644 index 31ab1d7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/exa_page +++ /dev/null @@ -1,267 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Page layout } - @Tag { pagelayout } -@Begin -@PP -The page layout -page.layout.inpractice @SubIndex { in practice } -document.layout.page.layout. @SubIndex { page layout } -definitions given in Section {@NumberOf definitions}, -although correct, are very basic. In this section we present the -definitions used by the DocumentLayout package for laying out the pages -of books, including running page headers and footers, different formats -for odd and even pages, and so on. The present document is produced with -these definitions. -@PP -We begin with a few definitions which permit the user to create cross -references of the `see page 27' variety which will be kept up to date -automatically. The user marks the target page by placing -@Code {"@PageMark intro"}, for example, at the point of interest, and -refers to the marked page as @Code "@PageOf intro" elsewhere: -pageof.example @Index { @Code "@PageOf" example } -@IndentedList -@LI @Code { -"export @Tag" -"def @PageMarker right @Tag { @Null }" -} -@LI @Code { -"def @PageMark right x" -"{" -" @PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged x" -"}" -} -@LI @Code { -"def @PageOf right x" -"{" -" @PageMarker&&x @Open { @Tag }" -"}" -} -@EndList -We will see below that an invocation of @Code "@PageMarker" appears before -each page, with @Code "@Tag" parameter equal to the -page number. Suppose that {@Code "@PageMark intro"}, which expands to -@ID @Code "@PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged intro" -happens to fall on page 27 of the final printed document (of course, its -value is @@Null which makes it invisible). Then the effect of @@Tagged -is to attach @Code "intro" as an extra tag to the first invocation of -{@Code "@PageMarker"} preceding that final point, and this must be -{@Code "@PageMarker 27"}. Therefore the expression -@ID @Code "@PageMarker&&intro @Open { @Tag }" -will open the invocation {@Code "@PageMarker 27"} and yield the value of -its @Code "@Tag" parameter, 27. Thus, {@Code "@PageOf intro"} appearing -anywhere in the document yields 27. -@PP -Next we have some little definitions for various parts of the -page. {@Code "@FullPlace"} will be the target of full-width body text: -@ID @Code { -"def @FullPlace { @Galley }" -} -{@Code "@ColPlace"} will be the target of body text within one column: -@ID @Code { -"def @ColPlace { @Galley }" -} -{@Code "@TopList"} will be the target of figures and tables: -@ID @Code { -"export @Tag" -"def @TopList right @Tag" -"{" -" @Galley" -" //@TopGap @TopList @Next @Tag" -"}" -} -We have taken a shortcut here, avoiding an unnecessary @Code "@TopPlace" -symbol. @Code "@FootList" and {@Code "@FootSect"} define a sequence of -full-width targets at the foot of the page for footnotes, -preceded by a short horizontal line: -footsect.example @Index { @Code "@FootSect" example } -@IndentedList -@LI @Code { -"export @Tag" -"def @FootList right @Tag" -"{" -" @Galley" -" //@FootGap @FootList @Next @Tag" -"}" -} -@LI @Code { -"def @FootSect" -"{" -" @FootLen @Wide @HLine" -" //@FootGap @FootList 1 ||@FootLen" -"}" -} -@EndList -Similarly, @Code "@ColFootList" and @Code "@ColFootSect" provide a -sequence of targets for footnotes within one column: -@ID @Code { -"export @Tag" -"def @ColFootList right @Tag" -"{" -" @Galley" -" //@FootGap @ColFootList @Next @Tag" -"}" -"" -"def @ColFootSect" -"{" -" @ColFootLen @Wide @HLine" -" //@FootGap @ColFootList 1 ||@ColFootLen" -"}" -} -The next definition provides a horizontal sequence of one or more columns: -collist.example @Index { @Code "@ColList" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @ColList right col" -"{" -" def @Column" -" { @VExpand { @ColPlace //1rt @OneRow { //@MidGap @ColFootSect } } }" -"" -" col @Case {" -" Single @Yield @Column" -" Double @Yield { @DoubleColWidth @Wide @Column ||@ColGap @ColList col }" -" Multi @Yield { @MultiColWidth @Wide @Column ||@ColGap @ColList col }" -" }" -"}" -} -Each column consists of a @Code "@ColPlace" at the top and a -@Code "@FootSect" at the foot. The @@VExpand symbol ensures that -whenever a column comes into existence, it will expand vertically so -that the bottom-justification @Code "//1rt" has as much space as -possible to work within. The @Code "col" parameter determines whether -the result has a single column, double columns, or multiple columns. -@PP -The {@Code "@Page"} symbol places its parameter in a page of fixed width, -height, and margins: -page.example @Index { @Code "@Page" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @Page right x" -"{" -" @PageWidth @Wide @PageHeight @High {" -" //@PageMargin ||@PageMargin" -" @HExpand @VExpand x" -" ||@PageMargin //@PageMargin" -" }" -"}" -} -@@HExpand and @@VExpand ensure that the right parameter occupies all the -available space; this is important when the right parameter is unusually -small. The @@High symbol gives the page a single row mark, ensuring that -it will be printed on a single sheet of paper (page {@PageOf rootg}). -@PP -Next we have {@Code "@OnePage"}, defining a typical page of a book or -other document: -onepage.example @Index { @Code "@OnePage" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @OnePage" -" named @Columns {}" -" named @PageTop {}" -" named @PageFoot {}" -"{" -" @Page {" -" @PageTop" -" //@MidGap @TopList" -" //@MidGap @FullPlace" -" //@MidGap @ColList @Columns" -" // //1rt @OneRow { //@MidGap @FootSect //@MidGap @PageFoot }" -" }" -"}" -} -The page top and page foot, and the number of columns, are parameters -that will be given later when @Code "@OnePage" is invoked. The body of -the page is a straightforward combination of previous definitions. The -@Code "//" symbol protects the following @Code "//1rt" from deletion in -the unlikely event that all the preceding symbols are replaced by -@@Null. The following object is enclosed in @@OneRow to ensure that -all of it is bottom-justified, not just its first component. -@PP -Before presenting the definition of a sequence of pages, we must detour -to describe how running page headers and footers (like those in the -present document) are produced. These are based on the -@Code "@Runner" symbol: -runner.example @Index { @Code "@Runner" example } -@ID @Code { -"export @TopOdd @TopEven @FootOdd @FootEven" -"def @Runner" -" named @TopOdd right @PageNum { @Null }" -" named @TopEven right @PageNum { @Null }" -" named @FootOdd right @PageNum { @Null }" -" named @FootEven right @PageNum { @Null }" -" named @Tag {}" -"{ @Null }" -} -The four parameters control the format of running headers and footers on -odd and even pages respectively. Invocations of {@Code "@Runner"}, for -example -@ID @Code { -"@Runner" -" @TopEven { @B @PageNum |1rt @I { Chapter 4 } }" -" @TopOdd { @I { Examples } |1rt @B @PageNum }" -} -will be embedded in the body text of the document, and, as we will see -in a moment, are accessed by @Code "@Runner&&following" cross references -on the pages. Notice how the @Code "@PageNum" parameter of each -parameter allows the format of the running header to be specified while -leaving the page number to be substituted later. -@PP -We may now define {@Code "@OddPageList"}, whose result is a sequence of -pages beginning with an odd-numbered page: -oddpagelist.example @Index { @Code "@OddPageList" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @OddPageList" -" named @Columns {}" -" right @PageNum" -"{" -" def @EvenPageList ..." -"" -" @PageMarker @PageNum" -" // @Runner&&following @Open {" -" @OnePage" -" @Columns { @Columns }" -" @PageTop { @TopOdd @PageNum }" -" @PageFoot { @FootOdd @PageNum }" -" }" -" // @EvenPageList" -" @Columns { @Columns }" -" @Next @PageNum" -"}" -} -Ignoring @Code "@EvenPageList" for the moment, notice first that the -invocation of @Code "@OnePage" is enclosed in -{@Code "@Runner&&following @Open"}. Since {@Code "@Runner&&following"} -refers to the first invocation of @Code "@Runner" appearing after itself -in the final printed document, the symbols @Code "@TopOdd" and -@Code "@FootOdd" will take their value from the first invocation of -@Code "@Runner" following the top of the page, even though @Code "@FootOdd" -appears at the foot of the page. Their @Code "@PageNum" parameters are -replaced by {@Code "@PageNum"}, the actual page number parameter of -{@Code "@OddPageList"}. -@PP -After producing the odd-numbered page, @Code "@OddPageList" invokes -{@Code "@EvenPageList"}: -evenpagelist.example @Index { @Code "@EvenPageList" example } -@ID @Code { -"def @EvenPageList" -" named @Columns {}" -" right @PageNum" -"{" -" @PageMarker @PageNum" -" // @Runner&&following @Open {" -" @OnePage" -" @Columns { @Columns }" -" @PageTop { @TopEven @PageNum }" -" @PageFoot { @FootEven @PageNum }" -" }" -" // @OddPageList" -" @Columns { @Columns }" -" @Next @PageNum" -"}" -} -This produces an even-numbered page, then passes the ball back to -@Code "@OddPageList" -- a delightful example of what computer -scientists call mutual recursion. The two page types differ only in -their running headers and footers, but other changes could easily be made. -@PP -It was foreshadowed earlier that an invocation of @Code "@PageMarker" -would precede each page, and this has been done. Although this @Code -"@PageMarker" is a component of the root galley, it will not cause a -page to be printed, because Basser Lout skips components of height zero. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/exa_para b/doc/doc/expert/exa_para deleted file mode 100644 index 6b9f60f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/exa_para +++ /dev/null @@ -1,236 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Paragraphs, displays, and lists } - @Tag { paras } -@Begin -@PP -The remaining sections of this chapter are all based on Version 2 of -the DocumentLayout package. Version 3, which is similar but more elaborate, -is described from the user's perspective in the -document.layout @Index { DocumentLayout package } -User's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.user }. In 26 pages of Lout, the -DocumentLaytout package defines many features required in the formatting -of simple documents, technical reports, and books, including displays, -lists, page layout, cross references, tables of contents, footnotes, -figures, tables, references, chapters, sections, and sorted indexes. -@PP -The symbols used for separating paragraphs and producing displays and -document.layout.paras @SubIndex { paragraphs } -lists may lack the excitement of more exotic features, but they can -teach some important lessons about robust design. The following macro -for separating paragraphs produces a 0.3 cm vertical space and a 1 cm -indent on the following line, and is clearly on the right track: -@ID @Code "macro @PP { //0.3c &1c }" -Nevertheless it has several major problems. -@PP -The @Code "&" symbol is subject to widening during line adjustment, so -it should be replaced by {@Code "1c @Wide {}"}. But then white space -following the symbol will affect the result, so an extra @Code "&0i" must -be added. If the document is printed double spaced, this paragraph gap -will fail to widen: it should be expressed in terms of the @Code "v" unit, -with mark-to-mark spacing mode. Similarly, the paragraph indent should -probably be made proportional to the font size. -@PP -`Magic numbers' like @Code "0.3c" should not be buried in definitions -where they cannot be changed easily, or kept consistent with similar -definitions during tuning. They are much better placed as symbols, -possibly parameters of the enclosing package: -@ID @Code { -"def @DocumentLayout" pp.example @Index { @Code "@PP" example } -" named @ParaGap { 1.3vx }" -" named @ParaIndent { 2f }" -" ..." -"@Begin" -"" -" macro @PP { //@ParaGap @ParaIndent @Wide &0i }" -" macro @LP { //@ParaGap }" -" ..." -"@End @DocumentLayout" -} -and we have arrived at the definition of @Code "@PP" as it appears in -the DocumentLayout package. -@PP -A display is a table in which the first column is blank: -document.layout.displays @SubIndex { displays } -@ID lines @Break { -@I { preceding text } -@Code "//@DispGap |@DispIndent" @I display -@Code "//@DispGap" -@I { following text } -} -Edge-to-edge is the appropriate spacing mode before and after displays, -since the display could be a table or figure whose mark does not -correspond to a baseline. Thus, @Code "1v" is a reasonable value for -{@Code "@DispGap"}. -@PP -The ordinary user cannot be expected to type the Lout source shown -above; a more appropriate syntax is -indented.display.example @Index { @Code "@IndentedDisplay" example } -@ID lines @Break { -@I { preceding text } -@Code "@IndentedDisplay {" @I display @Code "}" -@I { following text } -} -This presents a problem: if @Code "@IndentedDisplay" is made a definition -with a right parameter, its result will be an object separated from the -surrounding text only by white space, hence part of the paragraph; while -if it is a macro, the final @Code "//@DispGap" cannot be included in it. - The solution adopted in the DocumentLayout package uses a galley and a macro: -@ID @Code { -" def @DispPlace { @Galley }" -" def @Disp into { @DispPlace&&preceding }" -" right x" -" {" -" @OneRow x" -" }" -"" -" macro @IndentedDisplay" -" {" -" //@DispGap |@DispIndent @DispPlace |" -" //@DispGap // @Disp" -" }" -} -@Code "@DispPlace" and @Code "@Disp" are not exported, so there is -no danger of a name clash with some other symbol. The ordinary user's -syntax expands to -@ID lines @Break { -@I { preceding text } -@Code "//@DispGap |@DispIndent @DispPlace |" -@Code "//@DispGap // @Disp {" @I display @Code "}" -@I { following text } -} -and the @Code "@Disp" galley appears at the preceding -{@Code "@DispPlace"}, being itself replaced by @@Null. The @Code "//" -symbol protects the preceding @Code "//@DispGap" from being deleted by -this @@Null when there is no following text. -@PP -An automatically numbered list -document.layout.lists @SubIndex { lists } -numbered @Index { Numbered list } -could have an arbitrarily large number of -items, so, by analogy with sequences of pages, we see immmediately that -recursion must be involved: -@ID @Code { -"def @List right num" -"{" -" @DispIndent @Wide num. | @ItemPlace" -" //@DispGap @List @Next num" -"}" -} -Notice how the @@Next symbol works in conjunction with the recursion to -produce an ascending sequence of numbers; the result of @Code "@List 1" -will be -@ID @Code { -"1. @ItemPlace" -"2. @ItemPlace" -"3. @ItemPlace" -"..." -} -We can follow this with items which are galleys targeted to -{@Code "@ItemPlace&&preceding"}, and @Code "@List" will expand just -enough to accommodate them. -@PP -The usual problem with recursive-receptive symbols now arises: there is -always one unexpanded {@Code "@List"}, and until it can be removed the -galley containing it will appear to be incomplete and will be prevented at -that point from flushing into its parent (see page {@PageOf forcing}). We -adopt the usual solution: a forcing galley into a later target will -replace the last @Code "@List" by @@Null. This brings us to the -definitions as they appear in DocumentLayout: -indented.list.example @Index { @Code "@IndentedList" example } -@IndentedList -@LI @Code { -"def @ItemPlace { @Galley }" -"def @ListItem into { @ItemPlace&&preceding }" -" right x" -"{ x }" -} -@LI @Code { -"def @EndListPlace { @Galley }" -"def @EndList force into { @EndListPlace&&preceding }" -"{}" -} -@LI @Code { -"def @RawIndentedList" -" named style right tag {}" -" named indent { @DispIndent }" -" named gap { @DispGap }" -" named start { 1 }" -"{" -" def @IList right num" -" {" -" indent @Wide {style num} | @ItemPlace" -" //gap @IList @Next num" -" }" -"" -" @IList start // @EndListPlace" -"}" -} -@EndList -Now given the input -@ID @Code { -"@RawIndentedList" -"@ListItem { first item }" -"@ListItem { second item }" -"..." -"@ListItem { last item }" -"@EndList" -} -@Code "@RawIndentedList" will expand to receive the items, and will be -closed off by {@Code "@EndList"}. -@PP -The {@Code indent}, {@Code gap}, and {@Code start} parameters are -straightforward (note that the burden of typing @Code 1 has been lifted -from the ordinary user), but the @Code style parameter has a parameter -of its own (see page {@PageOf strange}). It is used like this: -@ID @Code { -"def @RawNumberedList { @RawIndentedList style { tag. } }" -"def @RawParenNumberedList { @RawIndentedList style { (tag) } }" -} -In {@Code "@RawNumberedList"}, @Code "style" is given the value -{@Code "tag."}, where @Code tag is its own right parameter, so the value -of @Code "{style num}" within @Code "@IList" is {@Code "num."}; while in -{@Code "@RawParenNumberedList"}, @Code "{style num}" is {@Code "(num)"}. In -this way we achieve an unlimited variety of numbering formats without -having to rewrite @Code "@RawIndentedList" over and over. -@PP -These list symbols are objects without surrounding space, so macros -similar to those used for displays are needed: -@ID @Code { -"macro @NumberedList { //@DispGap @RawNumberedList //@DispGap }" -"macro @ParenNumberedList { //@DispGap @RawParenNumberedList //@DispGap }" -} -and so on. -@PP -Lists numbered by Roman numerals -roman @Index { Roman numerals } -present a problem, because @@Next will -not increment Roman numerals. Instead, they must be stored in a -database: -@ID @Code { -"def @Roman" -" left @Tag" -" right @Val" -"{ @Val }" -"" -"@SysDatabase @Roman { standard }" -} -@Code "@SysDatabase" is preferred over @Code "@Database" here because -this database should be kept in a standard place and shared by -everyone. The database itself, a file called @Code "standard.ld" in -Basser Lout, contains invocations of {@Code "@Roman"}, each enclosed in -braces: -@ID @Code { -"{ 1 @Roman i }" -"{ 2 @Roman ii }" -"..." -"{ 100 @Roman c }" -} -Then @Code "@Roman&&12" for example has value {@Roman&&12}, and -@ID @Code { -"def @RawRomanList { @RawIndentedList style { {@Roman&&tag}. } }" -} -produces a list numbered by Roman numerals. The counting still -proceeds in Arabic, but each Arabic numeral is converted to Roman by the -cross reference. Since arbitrary objects may be stored in databases, -arbitrary finite sequences of objects may be `counted' in this way. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/mydefs b/doc/doc/expert/mydefs deleted file mode 100644 index 2039832..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/mydefs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,461 +0,0 @@ - - def "->" { {Symbol Base} @Font "\256" } #174 decimal - def "=>" { {Symbol Base} @Font "\336" } #222 decimal - macro @JP { /0.5v } - - def @Code right x - { { Helvetica Base -1p } @Font lines @Break x } - - macro @JL { //1vx } - - ################################################### - # # - # Lout keywords. # - # # - ################################################### - - def @@BackEnd { @Code "@BackEnd" } - def @@Background { @Code "@Background" } - def @@Begin { @Code "@Begin" } - def @@BeginHeaderComponent { @Code "@BeginHeaderComponent" } - def @@Break { @Code "@Break" } - def @@Case { @Code "@Case" } - def @@Char { @Code "@Char" } - def @@ClearHeaderComponent { @Code "@ClearHeaderComponent" } - def @@Common { @Code "@Common" } - def @@CurrLang { @Code "@CurrLang" } - def @@CurrFamily { @Code "@CurrFamily" } - def @@CurrFace { @Code "@CurrFace" } - def @@CurrYUnit { @Code "@CurrYUnit" } - def @@CurrZUnit { @Code "@CurrZUnit" } - def @@Database { @Code "@Database" } - def @@End { @Code "@End" } - def @@EndHeaderComponent { @Code "@EndHeaderComponent" } - def @@Enclose { @Code "@Enclose" } - def @@Font { @Code "@Font" } - def @@ForceGalley { @Code "@ForceGalley" } - def @@Galley { @Code "@Galley" } - def @@GetContext { @Code "@GetContext" } - def @@Graphic { @Code "@Graphic" } - def @@HAdjust { @Code "@HAdjust" } - def @@HCover { @Code "@HCover" } - def @@HContract { @Code "@HContract" } - def @@HExpand { @Code "@HExpand" } - def @@HLimited { @Code "@HLimited" } - def @@HMirror { @Code "@HMirror" } - def @@High { @Code "@High" } - def @@HScale { @Code "@HScale" } - def @@HShift { @Code "@HShift" } - def @@HSpan { @Code "@HSpan" } - def @@Include { @Code "@Include" } - def @@IncludeGraphic { @Code "@IncludeGraphic" } - def @@IncludeGraphicRepeated { @Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" } - def @@KernShrink { @Code "@KernShrink" } - def @@Key { @Code "@Key" } - def @@Language { @Code "@Language" } - def @@LClos { @Code "@LClos" } - def @@LEnv { @Code "@LEnv" } - def @@LInput { @Code "@LInput" } - def @@LUse { @Code "@LUse" } - def @@LVis { @Code "@LVis" } - def @@LinkSource { @Code "@LinkSource" } - def @@LinkDest { @Code "@LinkDest" } - def @@Meld { @Code "@Meld" } - def @@Merge { @Code "@Merge" } - def @@Moment { @Code "@Moment" } - def @@Next { @Code "@Next" } - def @@NotRevealed { @Code "@NotRevealed" } - def @@Null { @Code "@Null" } - def @@OneCol { @Code "@OneCol" } - def @@OneOf { @Code "@OneOf" } - def @@OneRow { @Code "@OneRow" } - def @@Open { @Code "@Open" } - def @@Outline { @Code "@Outline" } - def @@PAdjust { @Code "@PAdjust" } - def @@PageLabel { @Code "@PageLabel" } - def @@PlainGraphic { @Code "@PlainGraphic" } - def @@PrependGraphic { @Code "@PrependGraphic" } - def @@RawVerbatim { @Code "@RawVerbatim" } - def @@Rotate { @Code "@Rotate" } - def @@Rump { @Code "@Rump" } - def @@Insert { @Code "@Insert" } - def @@Scale { @Code "@Scale" } - def @@SetColor { @Code "@SetColor" } - def @@SetColour { @Code "@SetColour" } - def @@SetContext { @Code "@SetContext" } - def @@SetHeaderComponent { @Code "@SetHeaderComponent" } - def @@SetUnderlineColor { @Code "@SetUnderlineColor" } - def @@SetUnderlineColour { @Code "@SetUnderlineColour" } - def @@Space { @Code "@Space" } - def @@StartHSpan { @Code "@StartHSpan" } - def @@StartVSpan { @Code "@StartVSpan" } - def @@StartHVSpan { @Code "@StartHVSpan" } - def @@SysDatabase { @Code "@SysDatabase" } - def @@SysInclude { @Code "@SysInclude" } - def @@SysIncludeGraphic { @Code "@SysIncludeGraphic" } - def @@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated { @Code "@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated" } - def @@SysPrependGraphic { @Code "@SysPrependGraphic" } - def @@Tag { @Code "@Tag" } - def @@Tagged { @Code "@Tagged" } - def @@SetTexture { @Code "@SetTexture" } - def @@Underline { @Code "@Underline" } - def @@URLLink { @Code "@URLLink" } - def @@Use { @Code "@Use" } - def @@VAdjust { @Code "@VAdjust" } - def @@VContract { @Code "@VContract" } - def @@VCover { @Code "@VCover" } - def @@VExpand { @Code "@VExpand" } - def @@Verbatim { @Code "@Verbatim" } - def @@VLimited { @Code "@VLimited" } - def @@VMirror { @Code "@VMirror" } - def @@VScale { @Code "@VScale" } - def @@VShift { @Code "@VShift" } - def @@VSpan { @Code "@VSpan" } - def @@Wide { @Code "@Wide" } - def @@Yield { @Code "@Yield" } - def @@YUnit { @Code "@YUnit" } - def @@ZUnit { @Code "@ZUnit" } - - - ################################################### - # # - # Miscellaneous, mostly graphical definitions. # - # # - ################################################### - - - def @TeX - { @OneCol { T &0.4fo {-0.2f @VShift E} &0.45fo X } - } - - export sp sb - def @Equation - body x - @Begin - - def sp left x right y { @OneRow { | "-2p" @Font y ^/0.5fk x } } - def sb left x right y { @OneRow { x ^/0.5fk | "-2p" @Font y } } - - Slope @Font x - - @End @Equation - - def @Super - left x - right y - { @OneRow { | -2p @Font y ^/0.5fk x } - } - - def @NineSquare - right x - { - def @Three { x |0.2i x |0.2i x } - - @Three /0.2i @Three /0.2i @Three - } - - def @Leaders - { .. @Leaders - } - - def @HLine - { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { {0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke} @Graphic {} } - PDF @Yield { {0 0 m __xsize 0 l s} @Graphic {} } - } -# { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke } @Graphic {} - } - - def @VDashLine - right length - { - length @High { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { { 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke } @Graphic {} } - -# VT: double quotes required: - PDF @Yield { { "__pt 3 0 d 0 0 m 0 __ysize l s" } @Graphic {} } - } -# { 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke } @Graphic {} - } - } - - def @LBox - right offset - { @HContract @VContract - { - { //0.2c - 0.6c @High 1.2c @Wide - - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath - gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke } @Graphic {} - } - PDF @Yield { - { 0 0 m __xsize 0 l - __xsize __ysize l 0 __ysize l h - q 0.9 g f Q s } @Graphic {} - } - } - -# { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -# xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -# gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke } -# @Graphic {} - } - ||offset @VDashLine 1c - } - } - - def @Arrow - right length - { @OneCol @OneRow - { - 30d @Rotate {0.12c @Wide @HLine} - // - length @Wide @HLine - // - "-30d" @Rotate {0.12c @Wide @HLine} - } - } - - def @DoubleArrow - right length - { @OneCol @OneRow - { - & 180d @Rotate @Arrow length - |0io @Arrow length - } - } - - def @Put - left coord - right x - { @OneCol @OneRow - { coord / | @OneCol @OneRow x - } - } - - macro @At { //0io } - - - ################################################### - # # - # Interpolated example documents. # - # # - ################################################### - - def @LittleEndRunPlace { @Galley } - def @LittleEndRun - force into { @LittleEndRunPlace&&preceding } - {} - - def @LittleTextPlace { @Galley } - def @LittleText into { @LittleTextPlace&&preceding } - right x - { x - } - - def @LittleFootPlace { @Galley } - def @LittleFootNote into { @LittleFootPlace&&following } - right x - { x - } - - def @LittlePageColumn - right x - { - 9px @Break 8p @Font - 2.8c @Wide x - } - - def @LittlePage - right x - { - @HContract @VContract { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto - 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke } @Graphic - { //0.3c ||0.3c - 9px @Break 8p @Font - 2.8c @Wide 3.8c @High x - ||0.3c //0.3c - } - } - PDF @Yield { - { 0 0 m __xsize 0 l __xsize __ysize l - 0 __ysize l h s } @Graphic - { //0.3c ||0.3c - 9px @Break 8p @Font - 2.8c @Wide 3.8c @High x - ||0.3c //0.3c - } - } - } -# { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto -# 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke } @Graphic -# { //0.3c ||0.3c -# 9px @Break 8p @Font -# 2.8c @Wide 3.8c @High x -# ||0.3c //0.3c -# } - } - } - - def @LittleFootSect - { 1c @Wide @HLine - //0.3v @LittleFootPlace ||0.5c - } - - def @LittlePageList - right @PageNum - { - @LittlePage { # |0.5rt @PageNum //0.8v - //0.3v @LittleTextPlace - //1rt @LittleFootSect - } - // - @LittlePageList @Next @PageNum - } - - def @LittleDocument - { @LittlePage - { @LittleTextPlace - //1rt @LittleFootSect - } - // @LittlePageList 2 - // @LittleEndRunPlace - } - - def @ShowMarks - named linewidth { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { 0.015 cm } - PDF @Yield { __mul(0.015, __cm) } - } - } - named linestyle { dashed } - named dashlength { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { 0.15 cm } - PDF @Yield { __mul(0.15, __cm) } - } - } - named paint { lightgrey} - right x - { - @HContract @VContract @Fig - { @Box margin { 0c } linewidth { linewidth } paint { paint } - { @Figure - shape { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - -0.3 cm ymark - {xsize ymark} ++ {0.3 cm 0} [] - xmark -0.3 cm - {xmark ysize} ++ {0 0.3 cm} - } - PDF @Yield { "" # VT: PDF currently has no output - } - } - } - linewidth { linewidth } - linestyle { linestyle } - dashlength { dashlength } - x - } - - } - } - - def @ShowVMark - named linewidth { 0.015 cm } - named linestyle { dashed } - named dashlength { 0.15 cm } - named paint { light } - right x - { - @Fig - { - @Figure - shape { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - xmark -0.3 cm - {xmark ysize} ++ {0 0.3 cm} - } - PDF @Yield { "" # VT: PDF currently has no output - } - } - } - linewidth { linewidth } - linestyle { linestyle } - dashlength { dashlength } - x - } - } - - def @ShowHMark - named linewidth { 0.015 cm } - named linestyle { dashed } - named dashlength { 0.15 cm } - named paint { light } - right x - { - @Fig - { - @Figure - shape { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - -0.3 cm ymark - {xsize ymark} ++ {0.3 cm 0} - } - PDF @Yield { "" # VT: PDF currently has no output - } - } - } - linewidth { linewidth } - linestyle { linestyle } - dashlength { dashlength } - x - } - } - - def @Strange - named @Format right @Val { [@Val] } - right x - { @Format x - } - - def @TightBox right x - { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - "0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke" - @Graphic x - } - PDF @Yield { - "0 0 m __xsize 0 l __xsize __ysize l 0 __ysize l h s" - @Graphic x - } - } - } - - def @GreyBox right x - { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - "0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill" - @Graphic x - } - PDF @Yield { - "0 0 m __xsize 0 l __xsize __ysize l 0 __ysize l h 0.8 g f" - @Graphic x - } - } - } diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/outfile.ps b/doc/doc/expert/outfile.ps deleted file mode 100644 index 8383d84..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/outfile.ps +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23719 +0,0 @@ -%!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.40 (June 2013) -%%CreationDate: Wed Jun 26 09:48:57 2013 -%%DocumentData: Binary -%%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) -%%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) -%%DocumentMedia: A4 595 842 0 white () -%%PageOrder: Ascend -%%LanguageLevel: 2 -%%Pages: (atend) -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842 -%%EndComments -%%BeginProlog -%%BeginResource: procset LoutStartUp -/cp_x 0 def -/cp_y 0 def -/louts 0 def -/loutv 0 def -/loutf 0 def -/ymark 0 def -/xmark 0 def -/ysize 0 def -/xsize 0 def -/save_cp { currentpoint /cp_y exch def /cp_x exch def } bind def -/restore_cp { cp_x cp_y moveto } bind def -/outline { gsave 1 1 1 setrgbcolor dup show save_cp - grestore true charpath stroke restore_cp } bind def -/m { 3 1 roll moveto show } bind def -/mo { 3 1 roll moveto outline } bind def -/s { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show } bind def -/so { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto outline } bind def -/k { exch neg 0 rmoveto show } bind def -/ko { exch neg 0 rmoveto outline } bind def -/r { exch 0 rmoveto show } bind def -/ro { exch 0 rmoveto outline } bind def -/c { gsave 3 1 roll rmoveto show grestore } bind def -/co { gsave 3 1 roll rmoveto outline grestore } bind def -/ul { gsave setlinewidth dup 3 1 roll - moveto lineto stroke grestore } bind def -/in { 1440 mul } bind def -/cm { 567 mul } bind def -/pt { 20 mul } bind def -/em { 120 mul } bind def -/sp { louts mul } def -/vs { loutv mul } def -/ft { loutf mul } def -/dg { } def - -/LoutGraphic { - /louts exch def - /loutv exch def - /loutf exch def - /ymark exch def - /xmark exch def - /ysize exch def - /xsize exch def -} def - -/LoutGr2 { gsave translate LoutGraphic gsave } def - -/LoutFont -{ findfont exch scalefont setfont -} bind def - -/LoutRecode { - { findfont dup length dict begin - {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall - /Encoding exch def - currentdict end definefont pop - } - stopped pop -} bind def - -/PreEPSF_state 0 def -/dict_stack 0 def -/ops_count 0 def -/LoutStartEPSF { % prepare for EPSF inclusion - /PreEPSF_state save def - /dict_stack countdictstack def - /ops_count count 1 sub def - 20 dict begin - /showpage {} def - 0 setgray 0 setlinecap - 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin - 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath - /languagelevel where - { pop languagelevel - 1 ne - { false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint - } if - } if -} bind def - -/LoutEPSFCleanUp { % clean up after EPSF inclusion - count ops_count sub { pop } repeat - countdictstack dict_stack sub { end } repeat - PreEPSF_state restore -} bind def - -% Find current texture (may be null) -% - LoutCurrentP p -/LoutCurrentP -{ - currentcolorspace - 0 get /Pattern eq - { - [ currentcolor ] - dup length 1 sub get - } - { - null - } ifelse -} def - -% Find current color and color space -% - LoutCurrentCCS c cs -/LoutCurrentCCS -{ - LoutCurrentP dup null eq - { - pop [ currentcolor ] - currentcolorspace - } - { - dup - /UnderlyingColor get - exch /UnderlyingColorSpace get - } ifelse -} def - -% Install c, cs, and (a copy of) p into graphics state -% c cs p LoutSetCCSP - -/LoutSetCCSP -{ - dup null eq - { - pop setcolorspace - aload pop setcolor - } - { - % copy pattern dictionary - 12 dict copy - - % record cs and c in p - dup /UnderlyingColorSpace 3 index - put - dup /UnderlyingColor 4 index - put - - % do setcolorspace and setcolor - dup /PaintType get 1 eq - { - [ /Pattern ] setcolorspace - setcolor - pop pop - } - { - [ /Pattern - 4 -1 roll - ] setcolorspace - exch aload length 1 add - -1 roll - setcolor - } ifelse - } ifelse -} bind def - -% num LoutSetGray - -/LoutSetGray -{ - [ 2 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceGray ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% r g b LoutSetRGBColor - -/LoutSetRGBColor -{ - [ 4 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceRGB ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% h s b LoutSetHSBColor - -/LoutSetHSBColor -{ - gsave sethsbcolor - currentrgbcolor grestore - LoutSetRGBColor -} bind def - -% c m y k LoutSetRGBColor - -/LoutSetCMYKColor -{ - [ 5 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceCMYK ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% p LoutSetTexture - -/LoutSetTexture -{ - LoutCurrentCCS - 3 -1 roll - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% <scale > <scalex> <scaley> <rotate> <hshift> <vshift> -% <painttype> <bbox> <xstep> <ystep> <paintproc> LoutMakeTexture p -/LoutMakeTexture -{ - 12 dict begin - /PaintProc exch def - /YStep exch def - /XStep exch def - /BBox exch def - /PaintType exch def - /PatternType 1 def - /TilingType 1 def - currentdict end - 7 1 roll - matrix translate - 5 1 roll - matrix rotate - 4 1 roll - matrix scale - exch dup matrix scale - matrix concatmatrix - matrix concatmatrix - matrix concatmatrix - /makepattern where - { - pop makepattern - } - { - pop pop null - } ifelse -} bind def - -/LoutTextureSolid -{ - null - LoutSetTexture -} bind def -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutTabPrependGraphic -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/tabf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Tab % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain % -% by its author, Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -% To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names % -% of all these symbols begin with "ltab". % -% % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% 24 September 1991 % -% 22 December 1992 % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -% linewidth ltabhs - -% horizontal single line -/ltabhs -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhsp - -% horizontal single line with projecting ends -/ltabhsp -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - setlinewidth 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhd - -% horizontal double line -/ltabhd -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch 3 mul moveto xsize exch 3 mul lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdb - -% horizontal double line below mark -/ltabhdb -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch -3 mul moveto xsize exch -3 mul lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdnw - -% horizontal double line with northwest corner -/ltabhdnw -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize exch 3 mul moveto - -3 mul exch 3 mul lineto - -3 mul 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdne - -% horizontal double line with northeast corner -/ltabhdne -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch 3 mul moveto - 3 mul xsize add exch 3 mul lineto - 3 mul xsize add 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdsw - -% horizontal double line with southwest corner -/ltabhdsw -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize exch -3 mul moveto - -3 mul exch -3 mul lineto - -3 mul 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdse - -% horizontal double line with southeast corner -/ltabhdse -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch -3 mul moveto - 3 mul xsize add exch -3 mul lineto - 3 mul xsize add 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvs - -% vertical single line -/ltabvs -{ 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvd - -% vertical double line -/ltabvd -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - -3 mul 0 moveto -3 mul ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvdr - -% vertical double line to right of mark -/ltabvdr -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - 3 mul 0 moveto 3 mul ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutFigPrependGraphic -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/figf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Fig Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% Version 2.0 (includes CIRCUM label) January 1992 % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -% Although Fig is now obsolete I have updated it 20 October 2002 % -% to work with textures, i.e. replacing setrgbcolor with % -% LoutSetRGBColor. % -% % -% To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names of all symbols % -% defined here begin with "lfig". However, this is not feasible % -% with user-defined labels and some labels used by users. % -% % -% <point> is two numbers, a point. % -% <length> is one number, a length % -% <angle> is one number, an angle in degrees % -% <dashlength> is one number, the preferred length of a dash % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -errordict begin - /handleerror - { - { /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont - 0 setgray 4 pt 4 pt moveto - $error /errorname get - dup lfigdict exch known - { lfigdict exch get } - { 30 string cvs } ifelse - show - ( Command: ) show - $error /command get 30 string cvs show - } stopped {} if - showpage stop - } def -end - -% concat strings: <string> <string> lfigconcat <string> -% must be defined outside lfigdict since used in lfigpromotelabels -/lfigconcat -{ 2 copy length exch length add string - dup 0 4 index putinterval - dup 3 index length 3 index putinterval - 3 1 roll pop pop -} def - -% <string> lfigdebugprint - -% must be defined outside lfigdict since used in arbitrary places -% /lfigdebugprint -% { print -% (; operand stack:\n) print -% count copy -% count 2 idiv -% { == -% (\n) print -% } repeat -% (\n) print -% } def - -/lfigdict 120 dict def -lfigdict begin - -% error messages -/dictfull (dictfull error: too many labels?) def -/dictstackoverflow (dictstackoverflow error: labels nested too deeply?) def -/execstackoverflow (execstackoverflow error: figure nested too deeply?) def -/limitcheck (limitcheck error: figure nested too deeply or too large?) def -/syntaxerror (syntaxerror error: syntax error in text of figure?) def -/typecheck (typecheck error: syntax error in text of figure?) def -/undefined (undefined error: unknown or misspelt label?) def -/VMError (VMError error: run out of memory?) def - -% push pi onto stack: - lfigpi <num> -/lfigpi 3.14159 def - -% arc directions -/clockwise false def -/anticlockwise true def - -% maximum of two numbers: <num> <num> lfigmax <num> -/lfigmax { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - -% minimum of two numbers: <num> <num> lfigmin <num> -/lfigmin { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - -% add two points: <point> <point> lfigpadd <point> -/lfigpadd { exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch } def - -% subtract first point from second: <point> <point> lfigpsub <point> -/lfigpsub { 3 2 roll sub 3 1 roll exch sub exch } def - -% max two points: <point> <point> lfigpmax <point> -/lfigpmax { exch 3 1 roll lfigmax 3 1 roll lfigmax exch } def - -% min two points: <point> <point> lfigpmin <point> -/lfigpmin { exch 3 1 roll lfigmin 3 1 roll lfigmin exch } def - -% scalar multiplication: <point> <num> lfigpmul <point> -/lfigpmul { dup 3 1 roll mul 3 1 roll mul exch } def - -% point at angle and distance: <point> <length> <angle> lfigatangle <point> -/lfigatangle { 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul lfigpadd } def - -% angle from one point to another: <point> <point> lfigangle <angle> -/lfigangle { lfigpsub 2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq and {pop} {exch atan} ifelse } def - -% distance between two points: <point> <point> lfigdistance <length> -/lfigdistance { lfigpsub dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt } def - -% difference in x coords: <point> <point> lfigxdistance <length> -/lfigxdistance { pop 3 1 roll pop sub } def - -%difference in y coords: <point> <point> lfigydistance <length> -/lfigydistance { 3 1 roll pop sub exch pop } def - -% stroke a solid line: <length> <dashlength> lfigsolid - -/lfigsolid -{ pop pop [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% stroke a lfigdashed line: <length> <dashlength> lfigdashed - -/lfigdashed -{ 2 copy div 2 le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] 0 setdash } - { dup [ exch 4 2 roll 2 copy div - 1 sub 2 div ceiling dup 4 1 roll - 1 add mul sub exch div ] 0 setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a lfigcdashed line: <length> <dashlength> lfigcdashed - -/lfigcdashed -{ 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] dup 0 get 2 div setdash } - { dup [ 4 2 roll exch 2 copy exch div - 2 div ceiling div 1 index sub - ] exch 2 div setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a dotted line: <length> <dashlength> lfigdotted - -/lfigdotted -{ 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch 0 exch ] 0 setdash } - { 1 index exch div ceiling div - [ 0 3 2 roll ] 0 setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a noline line: <length> <dashlength> lfignoline - -/lfignoline -{ pop pop -} def - -% painting (i.e. filling): - lfigwhite - (etc.) -/lfignopaint { } def -/lfignochange { fill } def -/lfigdarkblue { 0.0 0.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigblue { 0.0 0.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightblue { 0.5 0.5 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgreen { 0.0 0.5 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggreen { 0.0 1.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgreen { 0.5 1.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkred { 0.5 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigred { 1.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightred { 1.0 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkcyan { 0.0 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigcyan { 0.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightcyan { 0.5 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkmagenta { 0.5 0.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigmagenta { 1.0 0.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightmagenta { 1.0 0.5 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkyellow { 0.5 0.5 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigyellow { 1.0 1.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightyellow { 1.0 1.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgray { 0.2 0.2 0.2 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggray { 0.5 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgray { 0.8 0.8 0.8 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgrey { 0.2 0.2 0.2 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggrey { 0.5 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgrey { 0.8 0.8 0.8 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigblack { 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigwhite { 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def - -% line caps (and joins, not currently used) -/lfigbutt 0 def -/lfiground 1 def -/lfigprojecting 2 def -/lfigmiter 0 def -/lfigbevel 2 def - -% shape and labels of the @Box symbol -/lfigbox -{ - 0 0 /SW lfigpointdef - xsize 0 /SE lfigpointdef - xsize ysize /NE lfigpointdef - 0 ysize /NW lfigpointdef - SE 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - NW 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - W SE lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - S NW lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - NE 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - SW SE NE NW SW -} def - -% shape and labels of the @CurveBox symbol -/lfigcurvebox -{ - - xsize 0.5 mul ysize 0.5 mul /CTR lfigpointdef - xsize 0.5 mul 0 /S lfigpointdef - xsize ysize 0.5 mul /E lfigpointdef - xsize 0.5 mul ysize /N lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 mul /W lfigpointdef - - xmark 0.293 mul xmark 0.293 mul /SW lfigpointdef - xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub xmark 0.293 mul /SE lfigpointdef - xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NE lfigpointdef - xmark 0.293 mul ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NW lfigpointdef - - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul xmark /lfigcurveboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - - xmark 0 - xsize xmark sub 0 - [ xsize xmark sub xmark ] - xsize xmark - xsize ysize xmark sub - [ xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub ] - xsize xmark sub ysize - xmark ysize - [ xmark ysize xmark sub ] - 0 ysize xmark sub - 0 xmark - [ xmark xmark ] - xmark 0 -} def - -% shadow of the @ShadowBox symbol -% its shape and labels are done, somewhat inaccurately, with lfigbox -/lfigshadow -{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub xmark lineto - xmark 2 mul xmark lineto closepath fill -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Square symbol -/lfigsquare -{ - xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR xsize xsize ysize ysize lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef - SW 0.5 lfigpmul SE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef - NW 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - SW 0.5 lfigpmul NW 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef - SE 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - SW SE NE NW SW -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Diamond symbol -/lfigdiamond -{ - xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - S W lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR W lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR S lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigdiamondcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S E N W S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Ellipse symbol -/lfigellipse -{ - xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - S W lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR W lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR S lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd lfigpsub /SE lfigpointdef - xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub lfigpsub /SW lfigpointdef - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Circle symbol -/lfigcircle -{ - xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR xsize 0 ysize 0 lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 45 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 90 lfigatangle lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 180 lfigatangle lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 270 lfigatangle lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef - [ S E lfigpsub /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @HLine and @HArrow symbols -/lfighline -{ - 0 ymark lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef - xsize ymark lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef -} def - -% shape and labels of the @VLine and @VArrow symbols -/lfigvline -{ - xmark ysize lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef - xmark 0 lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef -} def - -% points of a polygon around base with given no of sides, vert init angle: -% <sides> <angle> figpolygon <point> ... <point> -/lfigpolygon -{ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - 90 sub CTR 2 copy lfigmax 5 3 roll - [ 4 copy pop /lfigpolycircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - exch dup 360 exch div exch - 1 1 3 2 roll - { 4 string cvs (P) exch lfigconcat cvn - 6 copy pop pop lfigatangle 2 copy 10 2 roll - 3 2 roll lfigpointdef - dup 3 1 roll add exch - } for - pop lfigatangle -} def - -% next array element: <array> <index> lfiggetnext <array> <index> <any> true -% or <array> <index> false -/lfiggetnext -{ 2 copy exch length ge - { false } - { 2 copy get exch 1 add exch true } ifelse -} def - -% check whether thing is number: <any> lfigisnumbertype <any> <bool> -/lfigisnumbertype -{ dup type dup - /integertype eq exch /realtype eq or -} def - -% check whether thing is an array: <any> lfigisarraytype <any> <bool> -/lfigisarraytype { dup type /arraytype eq } def - -% get next item: <array> <index> lfiggetnextitem <array> <index> 0 -% or <array> <index> <array> 1 -% or <array> <index> <point> 2 -/lfiggetnextitem -{ lfiggetnext - { lfigisarraytype - { 1 - } - { lfigisnumbertype - { 3 1 roll - lfiggetnext - { lfigisnumbertype - { 4 3 roll exch 2 - } - { pop 3 2 roll pop 0 - } ifelse - } - { 3 2 roll pop 0 - } ifelse - } - { pop 0 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } - { 0 - } ifelse -} def - -% set arc path: bool x1 y1 x2 y2 x0 y0 lfigsetarc <angle> <angle> <dist> -% the path goes from x1 y1 to x2 y2 about centre x0 y0, -% anticlockwise if bool is true else clockwise. -% The orientations of backwards pointing and forwards pointing -% arrowheads are returned in the two angles, and -% the length of the arc is returned in <dist>. -/lfigsetarc -{ - 20 dict begin - matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll - 2 copy translate 2 copy 8 2 roll - 4 2 roll lfigpsub 6 2 roll lfigpsub - dup /y1 exch def dup mul /y1s exch def - dup /x1 exch def dup mul /x1s exch def - dup /y2 exch def dup mul /y2s exch def - dup /x2 exch def dup mul /x2s exch def - - y1s y2s eq - { -1 - } - { y1s x2s mul y2s x1s mul sub y1s y2s sub div - } ifelse - /da exch def - - x1s x2s eq - { -1 - } - { x1s y2s mul x2s y1s mul sub x1s x2s sub div - } ifelse - /db exch def - - da 0 gt db 0 gt and - { /LMax da sqrt db sqrt lfigmax def - /scalex da sqrt LMax div def - /scaley db sqrt LMax div def - scalex scaley scale - 0 0 LMax - 0 0 x1 scalex mul y1 scaley mul lfigangle - 0 0 x2 scalex mul y2 scaley mul lfigangle - 2 copy eq { 360 add } if - 2 copy 8 2 roll - 5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse - 2 index 1 index - { 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse - dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan - 2 index 2 index - { 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse - dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan - 5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 anticlockwise - { exch sub } { sub } ifelse - dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul LMax mul 180 div - } - { 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 0 x2 y2 lfigdistance eq - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 gt and - { 0 0 - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigangle - 0 0 x2 y2 lfigangle - 2 copy eq { 360 add } if - 2 copy 8 2 roll - 5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse - 2 index 1 index - { 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse - 2 index 2 index - { 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse - 5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 clockwise - { exch sub } { sub } ifelse - dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance mul 180 div - } - { x2 y2 lineto pop - x2 y2 x1 y1 lfigangle - x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigangle - x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigdistance - } ifelse - } ifelse - 4 -1 roll setmatrix - end -} def - -% lfigsetcurve: set up a Bezier curve from x0 y0 to x3 y3 -% and return arrowhead angles and length of curve (actually 0) -% x0 y0 x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 lfigsetcurve <angle> <angle> <length> -/lfigsetcurve -{ 8 copy curveto pop pop - lfigangle - 5 1 roll - 4 2 roll lfigangle - exch - 0 -} def - -% lfigpaintpath: paint a path of the given shape -% /paint [ shape ] lfigpaintpath - -/lfigpaintpath -{ - 10 dict begin - 0 newpath - /prevseen false def - /curveseen false def - { lfiggetnextitem - dup 0 eq { pop exit } - { 1 eq - { /curveseen true def - /curve exch def - curve length 0 eq { /curveseen false def } if - } - { /ycurr exch def - /xcurr exch def - prevseen - { curveseen - { curve length 4 eq - { xprev yprev - curve 0 get curve 1 get - curve 2 get curve 3 get - xcurr ycurr - lfigsetcurve pop pop pop - } - { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr - curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse - 7 1 roll - lfigsetarc pop pop pop - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr lineto - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr moveto - } ifelse - /xprev xcurr def - /yprev ycurr def - /prevseen true def - /curveseen false def - } ifelse - } ifelse - } loop pop pop cvx exec - end -} def - -% stroke a path of the given shape in the given linestyle and dash length. -% Return the origin and angle of the backward and forward arrow heads. -% dashlength /linestyle [shape] lfigdopath [<point> <angle>] [<point> <angle>] -/lfigdopath -{ - 10 dict begin - 0 - /prevseen false def - /curveseen false def - /backarrow [] def - /fwdarrow [] def - { - lfiggetnextitem - dup 0 eq { pop exit } - { - 1 eq - { /curveseen true def - /curve exch def - curve length 0 eq { /prevseen false def } if - } - { /ycurr exch def - /xcurr exch def - prevseen - { newpath xprev yprev moveto - curveseen - { curve length 4 eq - { xprev yprev - curve 0 get curve 1 get - curve 2 get curve 3 get - xcurr ycurr lfigsetcurve - } - { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr - curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse - 7 1 roll - lfigsetarc - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr lineto - xcurr ycurr xprev yprev lfigangle dup 180 sub - xprev yprev xcurr ycurr lfigdistance - } ifelse - 6 index 6 index cvx exec - [ xprev yprev 5 -1 roll ] - backarrow length 0 eq - { /backarrow exch def } - { pop } ifelse - [ xcurr ycurr 4 -1 roll ] /fwdarrow exch def - } if - /xprev xcurr def - /yprev ycurr def - /prevseen true def - /curveseen false def - } ifelse - } ifelse - } loop - pop pop pop pop - backarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { backarrow } ifelse - fwdarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { fwdarrow } ifelse - end -} def - -% lfigdoarrow: draw an arrow head of given form -% dashlength /lstyle /pstyle hfrac height width [ <point> <angle> ] lfigdoarrow - -/lfigdoarrow -{ matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll - dup 0 get 1 index 1 get translate - 2 get rotate - [ 2 index neg 2 index 0 0 - 3 index 3 index neg - 1 index 10 index mul 0 - 7 index 7 index ] - 4 1 roll pop pop pop - dup 3 1 roll - gsave lfigpaintpath grestore lfigdopath pop pop - setmatrix -} def - -% arrow head styles -/lfigopen 0.0 def -/lfighalfopen 0.5 def -/lfigclosed 1.0 def - -% stroke no arrows, forward, back, and both -/lfignoarrow { pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop } def -/lfigforward { 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow pop } def -/lfigback { 8 -2 roll pop lfigdoarrow } def -/lfigboth { 8 -1 roll 7 copy lfigdoarrow pop 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow } def - -% lfigprevious: return previous point on path -/lfigprevious -{ lfigisnumbertype - { 2 copy } - { lfigisarraytype - { 2 index 2 index } - { 0 0 } - ifelse - } ifelse -} def - -% label a point in 2nd top dictionary: <point> /name lfigpointdef - -/lfigpointdef -{ - % (Entering lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint - [ 4 2 roll transform - /itransform cvx ] cvx - currentdict end - 3 1 roll - % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt - % { def } - % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop } - % ifelse - def - begin - % (Leaving lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% promote labels from second top to third top dictionary -% <string> lfigpromotelabels - -/lfigpromotelabels -{ - % (Entering lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint - currentdict end exch currentdict end - { exch 20 string cvs 2 index - (@) lfigconcat exch lfigconcat cvn exch def - } forall pop begin - % (Leaving lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% show labels (except CIRCUM): - lfigshowlabels - -/lfigshowlabels -{ - % (Entering lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint - currentdict end - currentdict - { 1 index 20 string cvs (CIRCUM) search % if CIRCUM in key - { pop pop pop pop pop } - { pop cvx exec 2 copy - newpath 1.5 pt 0 360 arc - 0 setgray fill - /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont - moveto 0.2 cm 0.1 cm rmoveto 20 string cvs show - } - ifelse - } forall - begin - % (Leaving lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% fix an angle to 0 <= res < 360: <angle> lfigfixangle <angle> -/lfigfixangle -{ - % (Entering lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint - { dup 0 ge { exit } if - 360 add - } loop - { dup 360 lt { exit } if - 360 sub - } loop - % (Leaving lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of box: alpha a b lfigboxcircum x y -/lfigboxcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - 0 0 a b lfigangle /theta exch def - - % if alpha <= theta, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - alpha theta le - { a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div } - { - % else if alpha <= 180 - theta, return (b*cot(alpha), b) - alpha 180 theta sub le - { b alpha cos mul alpha sin div b } - { - % else if alpha <= 180 + theta, return (-a, -a*tan(alpha)) - alpha 180 theta add le - { a neg a neg alpha sin mul alpha cos div } - { - % else if alpha <= 360 - theta, return (-b*cot(alpha), -b) - alpha 360 theta sub le - { b neg alpha cos mul alpha sin div b neg } - { - % else 360 - theta <= alpha, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find quadratic roots (assume a != 0): a b c lfigqroots x1 x2 2 -% or x2 1 -% or 0 -/lfigqroots -{ - 4 dict begin - /c exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - /disc b b mul 4 a c mul mul sub def - disc 0 lt - { 0 - } - { disc 0 eq - { b neg 2 a mul div - 1 - } - { b neg disc sqrt add 2 a mul div - b neg disc sqrt sub 2 a mul div - 2 - } - ifelse - } - ifelse - end -} def - -% work our which quadrant: <angle> lfigquadrant <0-3> -/lfigquadrant -{ dup 90 lt - { pop 0 - } - { dup 180 lt - { pop 1 - } - { 270 lt - { 2 - } - { 3 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse -} def - -% find curvebox circum, assuming upper right quadrant: alpha a b xmk lfigcb x y -/lfigcb -{ - 6 dict begin - /xmk exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - /alpha exch def - /theta1 0 0 a b xmk sub lfigangle def - /theta2 0 0 a xmk sub b lfigangle def - alpha theta1 le - { % if alpha <= theta1, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div - } - { alpha theta2 ge - { % else if alpha > theta2, return (b*cot(alpha), b) - b alpha cos mul alpha sin div b - } - { - % else, return the intersection of line and circle - a xmk sub b xmk sub xmk 0 0 alpha lfigcircleintersect - dup 0 eq - { % should never happen, just return any reasonable point - pop - a b 0.5 lfigpmul - } - { 1 eq - { % should never happen, just return the point on top of stack - } - { % the usual case, two points on stack, return the larger - lfigpmax - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end -} def - -% find point on circumference of curvebox: alpha a b xmk lfigcurveboxcircum x y -/lfigcurveboxcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint - 5 dict begin - /xmk exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - - % work out which quadrant we are in, and reflect accordingly - /quad alpha lfigquadrant def - quad 0 eq - { alpha a b xmk lfigcb - } - { quad 1 eq - { 180 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb exch neg exch - } - { quad 2 eq - { alpha 180 sub a b xmk lfigcb neg exch neg exch - } - { 360 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb neg - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of diamond: alpha a b lfigdiamondcircum x y -/lfigdiamondcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - b alpha cos abs mul a alpha sin abs mul add /denom exch def - a b mul alpha cos mul denom div - a b mul alpha sin mul denom div - end - % (Leaving lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of ellipse: alpha a b lfigellipsecircum x y -/lfigellipsecircum -{ - % (Entering lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - b alpha cos mul dup mul a alpha sin mul dup mul add sqrt /denom exch def - a b mul alpha cos mul denom div - a b mul alpha sin mul denom div - end - % (Leaving lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point of intersection of two lines each defined by two points -% x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 lfiglineintersect x y -/lfiglineintersect -{ - % (Entering lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint - 13 dict begin - /y4 exch def - /x4 exch def - /y3 exch def - /x3 exch def - /y2 exch def - /x2 exch def - /y1 exch def - /x1 exch def - x2 x1 sub /x21 exch def - x4 x3 sub /x43 exch def - y2 y1 sub /y21 exch def - y4 y3 sub /y43 exch def - y21 x43 mul y43 x21 mul sub /det exch def - - % calculate x - y21 x43 mul x1 mul - y43 x21 mul x3 mul sub - y3 y1 sub x21 mul x43 mul add - det div - - % calculate y - x21 y43 mul y1 mul - x43 y21 mul y3 mul sub - x3 x1 sub y21 mul y43 mul add - det neg div - - end - % (Leaving lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of polygon -% alpha radius num theta lfigpolycircum x y -/lfigpolycircum -{ - % (Entering lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint - 13 dict begin - /theta exch def - /num exch def - /radius exch def - /alpha exch def - - % calculate delta, the angle from theta to alpha - alpha theta sub lfigfixangle - - % calculate the angle which is the multiple of 360/num closest to delta - 360 num div div truncate 360 num div mul theta add /anglea exch def - - % calculate the next multiple of 360/num after anglea - anglea 360 num div add /angleb exch def - - % intersect the line through these two points with the alpha line - anglea cos anglea sin angleb cos angleb sin - 0 0 alpha cos 2 mul alpha sin 2 mul - lfiglineintersect radius lfigpmul - - end - % (Leaving lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point of intersection of a point and a circle -% x0 y0 r x1 y1 theta lfigcircleintersect xa ya xb yb 2 -% or xb yb 1 -% or 0 -/lfigcircleintersect -{ - % (Entering lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint - 15 dict begin - /theta exch def - /y1 exch def - /x1 exch def - /r exch def - /y0 exch def - /x0 exch def - - % if sin(theta) = 0 then line is horizontal and y must be y1 - theta sin abs 0.00001 lt - { - /a 1 def - /b -2 x0 mul def - /c x0 dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def - a b c lfigqroots dup - 0 eq - { pop - 0 - } - { 1 eq - { y1 1 - } - { y1 exch y1 2 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } - { - /ct theta cos theta sin div def - /a ct ct mul 1 add def - /b ct x1 x0 sub mul y1 add y0 sub 2 mul def - /c x1 x0 sub dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def - a b c lfigqroots dup - 0 eq - { pop - 0 - } - { 1 eq - { y1 add /yb exch def - yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def - xb yb 1 - } - { y1 add /ya exch def - ya y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xa exch def - y1 add /yb exch def - yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def - xa ya xb yb 2 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% add CIRCUM operator with this body: <array> lfigcircumdef - -/lfigcircumdef -{ % (Entering lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint - /CIRCUM exch cvx - currentdict end - 3 1 roll - % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt - % { def } - % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop } - % ifelse - def - begin - % (Leaving lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint -} def - -end -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutBasicSetup -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/bsf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @BasicSetup % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -% width height linethickness louteuro - -% draw a Euro symbol of this width and height with this line thickness -/louteuro { - 20 dict begin - /eurothick exch def - /euroheight exch def - /eurowidth exch def - /eurostrokewidth euroheight 0.8 mul def - /eurostep eurothick 60 cos mul 60 sin div def - /eurotheta 40 def - - % llx lly width thickness louteurobox - - % draw angled box starting at (llx, lly) with given width and thickness - /louteurobox - { - /euroboxthick exch def - /euroboxwidth exch def - newpath moveto euroboxwidth 0 rlineto - eurostep euroboxthick rlineto - euroboxwidth neg 0 rlineto closepath fill - } def - - % lower cross stroke - 0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 1.5 mul sub - eurostrokewidth eurothick louteurobox - - % upper cross stroke - 0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 0.5 mul add - eurostrokewidth eurostep 2 mul add eurothick louteurobox - - % circular part - /eurohctr eurowidth euroheight 2 div eurotheta cos mul sub def - /eurovctr euroheight 2 div def - newpath - eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurotheta 350 eurotheta sub arc - eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurothick sub 365 eurotheta sub eurotheta arcn - closepath fill - end -} def - -% path for @FullWidthRule symbol -/LoutRule -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -} def - -% path for @Box symbol -/LoutBox -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto - closepath -} def - -% path for @CurveBox symbol -/LoutCurveBox -{ xmark 0 moveto - xsize xmark sub xmark xmark 270 360 arc - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub xmark 0 90 arc - xmark ysize xmark sub xmark 90 180 arc - xmark xmark xmark 180 270 arc - closepath -} def - -% path for @ShadowBox symbol -/LoutShadowBox -{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub xmark lineto - xmark 2 mul xmark lineto - closepath -} def - -% set up dictionary containing margin note data: parity LoutMargSet - -/LoutMargSet -{ /LoutMargDict 12 dict def - LoutMargDict begin - /parity exch def - /matr matrix currentmatrix def - /rightx xsize def - /lefty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next left note - /righty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next right note - /max { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - /min { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - end -} def - -%translate coordinate system for marginal notes: type LoutMargShift - -% where type 0 is left margin, 1 is right margin, 2 is outer, 3 is inner -/LoutMargShift -{ LoutMargDict begin - - % y coordinate of top of note, in margin coords, before vertical adjust - 0 ysize transform matr itransform exch pop - - % decide whether left or right margin based on type and parity - exch [ 0 1 parity 1 parity sub ] exch get 0 eq - { - % left margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note - lefty min - - % bottom of note is new lefty position and also translate 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480 1332(When)m 1111(tw)s 2(o)k -1523(objects)s 2254(are)s 2603(separated)s 3566(only)s 4048(by)s -4345(zero)s 4811(or)s 5072(more)s 5622(white)s 6211(space)s - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_33 /DEST pdfmark - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_34 /DEST pdfmark -6801(characters)s 7821(\(spaces,)s 8634(tabs,)s 0 1044(ne)m 6(wlines,)k -983(and)s 1420(formfeeds\),)s 2607(Lout)s 3152(inserts)s 220 fnt2 -3859 1041(&)m 240 fnt6 4001 1046(k)m 220 fnt2 4111 1041(s)m -240 fnt1 4307 1044(between)m 5194(the)s 5575(tw)s 2(o)k -6018(objects,)s 6835(where)s 240 fnt6 7508 1046(k)m 240 fnt1 -7711 1044(is)m 7954(the)s 8335(number)s 0 756(of)m 291(spaces.)s -1100(Precisely)s 15(,)k 240 fnt6 2087 758(k)m 240 fnt1 -2278 756(is)m 2509(determined)s 3662(by)s 3977(discarding)s 5047(all)s -5360(space)s 5968(characters)s 7007(and)s 7431(tabs)s 7888(that)s -8327(precede)s 0 468(ne)m 6(wlines)k 903(\(these)s 1537(are)s -1892(in)s 9(visible)k 2771(so)s 3045(are)s 3400(better)s -4012(ignored\),)s 4937(then)s 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6707(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 6712(l)m 220 fnt2 -1929 6707(e)m 240 fnt1 0 5558(Hyphenation)m 220 fnt2 1786 5555(|)m -240 fnt6 1843 5560(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 5555(h)m 240 fnt1 -0 4406(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k 220 fnt2 1786 4403(|)m -240 fnt6 1843 4408(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 4403(o)m 240 fnt1 -0 3254(Mark-to-mark)m 220 fnt2 1786 3251(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 3256(l)m -220 fnt2 1929 3251(x)m 240 fnt1 0 2102(K)m 6(erning)k -220 fnt2 1786 2099(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 2104(l)m 220 fnt2 -1929 2099(k)m 240 fnt1 0 950(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k -220 fnt2 1786 947(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 952(l)m 220 fnt2 -1929 947(t)m gsave -2764 0 translate -240 fnt1 3402 7484 0 7484 240 288 60 LoutGraphic -gsave - -0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap -0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath -pop pop -grestore -gsave -567 6748 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 6634 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340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 5482 translate -180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2267 5506 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 -1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 5506 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 5506 translate -180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -1247 5506 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -1732 5303(l)m -gsave -567 4444 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4330 translate -180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 4444 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 4330 translate -180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 4297 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4297 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4297 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 4297 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -1590 4095(l)m gsave -567 3242 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3128 translate -180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 3242 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 3128 translate -180 fnt1 -0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 3095 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3095 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3095 translate -180 fnt1 -1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3095 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt1 975 2892(max\()m 180 fnt6 1383 2893(l,)m -1503(a+b+l/10)s 180 fnt1 2205 2892(\))m gsave -1247 3719 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -567 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3719 translate -30.0000 rotate -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 3719 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 3719 translate --30.0000 rotate -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt6 920 3787(a)m -gsave -2551 3719 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 3719 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 3719 translate -180 fnt1 -283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 3719 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -2366 3743(b)m gsave -567 2090 translate -180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 1976 translate -180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 2090 translate -180 fnt1 -680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 1976 translate -180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2551 1943 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 1943 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 1943 translate -180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 1943 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt1 1203 1740(max\()m 180 fnt6 -1611 1741(l,)m 1731(a,)s 1891(b)s 180 fnt1 1977 1740(\))m -gsave -1247 2567 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -567 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 2567 translate -30.0000 rotate -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 2567 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -680 2567 translate --30.0000 rotate -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -180 fnt6 920 2635(a)m gsave -2551 2567 translate -180.0000 rotate -gsave -0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -0 0 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 -68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 2567 translate -30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 2567 translate -180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore -gsave -2268 2567 translate --30.0000 rotate -gsave -0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke -grestore - -grestore - -grestore -2366 2591(b)m gsave -567 938 translate -180 fnt1 -680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic -gsave -0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath -gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke -grestore - 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Times-Bold -%%+ font Times-Italic -%%+ font Times-BoldItalic -%%+ font Times-Italic -%%+ font Helvetica -%%+ font Helvetica-Oblique -%%+ font Symbol -%%+ font Courier -%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset LoutStartUp -%%+ procset LoutTabPrependGraphic -%%+ procset LoutFigPrependGraphic -%%+ procset LoutBasicSetup -%%+ encoding vec2 -%%Pages: 120 -%%EOF diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre b/doc/doc/expert/pre deleted file mode 100644 index f87dbea..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Predefined symbols } - @Tag { symbols } -@Begin -@BeginSections -@Include { pre_begi } -@Include { pre_conc } -@Include { pre_font } -@Include { pre_brea } -@Include { pre_spac } -@Include { pre_yuni } -@Include { pre_cont } -@Include { pre_colo } -@Include { pre_ucol } -@Include { pre_text } -@Include { pre_outl } -@Include { pre_lang } -@Include { pre_oner } -@Include { pre_wide } -@Include { pre_hshi } -@Include { pre_hexp } -@Include { pre_hcon } -@Include { pre_hlim } -@Include { pre_hadj } -@Include { pre_hsca } -@Include { pre_hmir } -@Include { pre_cove } -@Include { pre_span } -@Include { pre_scal } -@Include { pre_rota } -@Include { pre_back } -@Include { pre_kshr } -@Include { pre_rump } -@Include { pre_inse } -@Include { pre_oneo } -@Include { pre_next } -@Include { pre_case } -@Include { pre_mome } -@Include { pre_null } -@Include { pre_gall } -@Include { pre_head } -@Include { pre_notr } -@Include { pre_cros } -@Include { pre_tagg } -@Include { pre_open } -@Include { pre_link } -@Include { pre_data } -@Include { pre_grap } -@Include { pre_plai } -@Include { pre_incg } -@Include { pre_incr } -@Include { pre_prep } -@Include { pre_incl } -@Include { pre_bend } -@Include { pre_verb } -@Include { pre_unde } -@Include { pre_page } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_back b/doc/doc/expert/pre_back deleted file mode 100644 index 37de5c5..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_back +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Background" } - @Tag { background } -@Begin -@PP -background.sym @Index { @@Background symbol } -The @@Background symbol will print its left parameter in the -background of its right parameter. That is, the result has -the size of the right parameter, but the left parameter will -be printed first in the same space, with its marks aligned with -the marks of the right parameter. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_begi b/doc/doc/expert/pre_begi deleted file mode 100644 index e9adbb1..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_begi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Begin" and "@End" } - @Tag { begin } -@Begin -@PP -The body of a symbol @Code "@Sym" may be enclosed in @@Begin and -begin. @Index { @@Begin symbol } -end. @Index { @@End symbol } -@@End @Code "@Sym" instead of the more usual braces: -@ID @Code { -"def @Section" -" named @Title {}" -" right @Body" -"@Begin" -" @Title //2v @Body" -"@End @Section" -} -They may also enclose the right or body parameter of a symbol invocation: -@ID @Code { -"@Chapter" -" @Title { Introduction }" -"@Begin" -"This subject needs no introduction." -"@End @Chapter" -} -Apart from their utility as documentation aids, these forms allow Basser -Lout to pinpoint mismatched braces, which can otherwise create total -havoc. For this reason, they should enclose the major parts of documents, -such as chapters and sections. Note that braces cannot be -replaced by @@Begin and @@End in general. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_bend b/doc/doc/expert/pre_bend deleted file mode 100644 index 8f742a9..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_bend +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { backend } - @Title { "@BackEnd" and the PlainText and PDF back ends } -@Begin -@PP -backend.sym @Index { @@BackEnd symbol } -The @@BackEnd symbol, which takes no parameters, has for its result a -string naming the back end currently in use. Three back ends are available, -PostScript, PDF and PlainText. The symbol is generally used like this: -@ID @Code { -"@BackEnd @Case {" -" PlainText @Yield { ... }" -" PostScript @Yield { ... }" -" PDF @Yield { ... }" -"}" -} -to obtain different objects depending on the back end. No @Code else -is required since these are the only possible values. -@PP -When a @Code "@Case" symbol has @Code "@BackEnd" for its left parameter -and the left parameter of each @Code "@Yield" symbol within it consists -of a sequence of one or more literal words (including {@Code else}), Lout -will optimize by evaluating the @Code "@Case" symbol at the time it is -read. This optimization ensures that there is only a small once-only -performance penalty for multiple back ends, and it permits these -@Code "@Case" symbols (but no other symbols) to appear within the object -following @Code "@Include" and @Code "@PrependGraphic" symbols. -@PP -The PlainText back end differs from the PostScript one in two main -respects. First, there is effectively just one font: although all -the font commands work exactly as usual, they don't actually change -anything. Each character in this font is taken to be one tenth -of one inch wide and 20 points high. Second, the output is an -ordinary text file, not a PostScript file. -@PP -Clearly, with ordinary text output the possibility of advanced graphics -features such as rotation and scaling is curtailed. Nevertheless, all -symbols have well-defined (possibly null) effects in the PlainText -back end, so there is no additional danger of crashing the system or -obtaining grossly unreasonable output by a change to PlainText. -@PP -The PlainText back end is obtained by the @Code "-p" option to Basser -Lout. The character size can be changed by adding two lengths to -the @Code "-p" option, like this: -@ID @Code "lout -p0.1i12p ..." -which invokes the PlainText back end with each character being 0.1 -inches wide and 12 points high. However, experience suggests that -the best approach is to define all horizontal lengths as multiples of -the @Code "s" unit (the width of a space, hence the width of all -characters) and to define all vertical lengths as multiples of the -@Code "f" unit (the font size, equal to the height of every character), -and not to change the character size in the command line. -@PP -There is a @Code "-P" option which is identical with the @Code "-p" -option except that it inserts a form-feed character between each two -components of the output, but not before the first or after the last. -@PP -The PDF back end is obtained by typing {@Code "lout -Z"}. It is similar -to PostScript but much more limited in functionality. Consult a separate -document distributed with Lout for further information. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_brea b/doc/doc/expert/pre_brea deleted file mode 100644 index 5e17b9c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_brea +++ /dev/null @@ -1,197 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Break" } - @Tag { break } -@Begin -@PP -The @@Break symbol influences the appearance of paragraphs (Section -{@NumberOf concatenation}), offering a fixed set of styles: -@IL - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code adjust @@Break @I object } -adjust.break @Index { @Code adjust @@Break } -|2m Break the paragraphs of {@I object} into lines, and apply @@PAdjust -(Section {@NumberOf hadjust}) to every line except the last in -each paragraph; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code outdent @@Break @I object } -outdent.break @Index { @Code outdent @@Break } -|2m Like {@Code adjust}, except that @Code "2.0f @Wide {} &0i" is -inserted at the beginning of every line except the first, creating -an outdented paragraph (the outdent width may be changed -- see below); -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code ragged @@Break @I object } -ragged.break @Index { @Code ragged @@Break } -|2m Break the paragraphs of {@I object} into lines, but do not adjust -the lines (`ragged right'); -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code cragged @@Break @I object } -cragged.break @Index { @Code cragged @@Break } -|2m Like {@Code ragged}, except that each line will be centred with -respect to the others; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code rragged @@Break @I object } -rragged.break @Index { @Code rragged @@Break } -|2m Like {@Code ragged}, except that each line will be right-justified with -respect to the others (`ragged left'); -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code oragged @@Break @I object } -oragged.break @Index { @Code oragged @@Break } -|2m The obvious combination of {@Code ragged} and {@Code outdent}; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code lines @@Break @I object } -lines.break @Index { @Code lines @@Break } -|2m Break the paragraphs of {@I object} into lines at the same points -that they are broken into lines in the input, and also at concatenation -symbols of the form {@Code "&"}{@I k}{@Code "b"} for any {@I k} greater -than 1. Do not adjust the lines. Any spaces at the start of a line -other than the first line will appear in the output; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code clines @@Break @I object } -clines.break @Index { @Code clines @@Break } -|2m Break the paragraphs of {@I object} into lines as for @Code "lines" -@@Break, then centre each line with respect to the others; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code rlines @@Break @I object } -rlines.break @Index { @Code rlines @@Break } -|2m Break the paragraphs of {@I object} into lines as for @Code "lines" -@@Break, then right-justify each line with respect to the others. -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code olines @@Break @I object } -olines.break @Index { @Code olines @@Break } -|2m Break the paragraphs of {@I object} into lines as for @Code "lines" -@@Break, then as for outdenting. -} - -@EL -If the paragraph was an entire component of a galley, so will each of -its lines be; otherwise the lines are enclosed in a {@Code "@OneRow"} -symbol after breaking. -@PP -The length of the gap used to separate the lines produced by paragraph -breaking is always {@Code 1v}, except when {@Code lines}, {@Code clines}, -or {@Code rlines} encounter a completely blank line, for which see below. -However, the @Code v unit itself and the -v.unit.effect @SubIndex { effect on paragraph breaking } -gap mode may be changed: -@IL - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @I gap @Code "@Break" @I object } -|2m Within {@I object}, take the value of the @Code "v" unit to be the -length of {@I gap}; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt + & @I gap @Code "@Break" @I object } -|2m Within {@I object}, take the value of the @Code "v" unit to be -larger by the length of @I gap than it would otherwise have been; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt -- & @I gap @Code "@Break" @I object } -|2m Within {@I object}, take the value of the @Code "v" unit to be -smaller by the length of @I gap than it would otherwise have been. -} - -@EL -In each case, the mode of @I gap is adopted within {@I object}. -@PP -When {@Code lines}, {@Code clines}, or {@Code rlines} encounter one or more -completely blank lines, a single vertical concatenation operator is inserted -to implement these, ensuring that the entire set of lines will disappear if -they happen to fall on a page or column break. The gap width of the -concatenation operator is {@Code 1v} for the first newline as usual, plus -{@Code 1v} multiplied by the @I { blank line scale factor }, an arbitrary -decimal number with no units, for the remaining newlines. This scale factor -is settable by -@ID { -@Code "{ blanklinescale" @I num @Code "} @Break" @I object -} -The default value is {@Code 1.0}, which gives blank lines their full -height. However it often looks better if they are reduced somewhat. -A value as small as {@Code 0.6} looks good; it gives width {@Code 1.6v} -to the concatenation symbol inserted at a single blank line. The -usual gap mode is of course appended. -@PP -The @@Break symbol also controls hyphenation: -@IL - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code "hyphen @Break" @I object } -hyphen.break @Index { @Code hyphen @@Break } -|2m Permit hyphenation within the paragraphs of {@I object}; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code "nohyphen @Break" @I object } -nohyphen.break @Index { @Code nohyphen @@Break } -|2m Prohibit hyphenation within the paragraphs of {@I object}; all -hyphenation gaps without exception revert to edge-to-edge mode. -} - -@EL -The @@Break also has options which control widow and orphan lines: -@IL - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code "unbreakablefirst @Break" @I object } -hyphen.break @Index { @Code hyphen @@Break } -|2m Prevent column and page breaks (i.e. prevent a galley from splitting) -between the first and second lines of the paragraphs of {@I object}; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code "unbreakablelast @Break" @I object } -nohyphen.break @Index { @Code nohyphen @@Break } -|2m Prevent column and page breaks between the last and second -last lines of the paragraphs of {@I object}. -} - -@EL -These options work by adding the @Code "u" (unbreakable) suffix to the -appropriate gaps during paragraph breaking, so their precise effect is -as described for this suffix. These options may be countermanded by -@Code "breakablefirst @Break" and @Code "breakablelast @Break". -@PP -The width of the outdenting used in the @Code "outdent" style may be -changed like this: -@IL - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code "{ setoutdent" @I width @Code "} @Break" @I object } -|2m Within {@I object}, whenever outdenting is required, use @I width -for the amount of outdenting. Note that this does not itself cause a -switch to outdenting style. The width may be preceded by @Code "+" or -@Code -- to indicate a change to the existing outdent value. -} - -@EL -Margin kerning, in which small (usually punctuation) characters protrude -into the margin, may be obtained by @Code "marginkerning @Break" and turned -off by @Code { "nomarginkerning @Break" }. -@PP -Several options may be given to the @@Break symbol simultaneously, in -any order. For example, -@ID @Code "{ adjust 1.2fx hyphen } @Break ..." -is a typical initial value. There may be empty objects and @@Null objects -in the left parameter of @@Break; these are ignored. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_case b/doc/doc/expert/pre_case deleted file mode 100644 index f0f22e1..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_case +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Case" } - @Tag { case } -@Begin -@PP -case.sym @Index { @@Case symbol } -yield.sym @Index { @@Yield symbol } -The @@Case symbol selects its result from a list of alternatives, -depending on a tag: -@ID @Code { -"@Day @Case {" -" { 1 21 31 } @Yield st" -" { 2 22 } @Yield nd" -" { 3 23 } @Yield rd" -" else @Yield th" -"}" -} -In this example the result will be st if @Code "@Day" is 1, 21, or 31, -and nd if @Code "@Day" is 2 or 22, etc. The effect is similar to -accessing a database, though in a more compact form. The right parameter -is a sequence of @@Yield symbols, each with a left parameter whose value is -a sequence of one or more juxtapositions of simple words, and a right -parameter which may be any object. -@PP -We first describe the behaviour when the value of the left parameter of -@@Case is a juxtaposition of one or more simple words. Then the result of -the @@Case is the right parameter of the first @@Yield whose left parameter -contains either the value of the left parameter of the @@Case, or the special -value {@Code else}. If there is no such @@Yield it is an error. -@PP -When the left parameter of @@Case is not a juxtaposition of simple -words, the result is the right parameter of the first @@Yield whose -left parameter is {@Code else}, or an error otherwise. This permits -examples like -@ID @Code { -"@RunningTitle @Case {" -" dft @Yield @Title" -" else @Yield @RunningTitle" -"}" -} -where a running title is returned unless it has the value {@Code dft} -(which presumably means that no running title was supplied), in which -case an ordinary title is returned instead. -@PP -When a receptive symbol is placed within a @@Case, it should be included -in each alternative, since otherwise Basser Lout may become confused when -trying to predict whether the symbol will be a part of the result or -not. Alternatively, if it can be guaranteed that the receptive symbol -will never be searched for when the cases that it does not lie within -are selected, that is all right too. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_colo b/doc/doc/expert/pre_colo deleted file mode 100644 index df4459b..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_colo +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@SetColour" and "@SetColor" } - @Tag { colour } -@Begin -@PP -The @@SetColour and @@SetColor symbols, -setcolour.sym @Index { @@SetColour symbol } -setcolor.sym @Index { @@SetColor symbol } -which have identical effect, return their right parameter in -the colour specified by their left parameter. The form of -the left parameter is implementation-dependent; in Basser Lout -it must be an object whose value is a sequence of words comprising -a PostScript command for setting colour. For example, -@ID @Code "{ 1.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } @SetColour { hello, world }" -produces the red result -@ID { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - { 1.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } @SetColour { hello, world } - } - PDF @Yield { - { 1.0 0.0 0.0 rg 1.0 0.0 0.0 RG } @SetColour { hello, world } - } - } -} -Of course, a colour output device is needed to see the effect; on -a monochrome device the result will be some shade of grey. -@PP -The @@SetColour command accepts the special value {@Code "nochange"} -for the left parameter. This value causes the right parameter to have -the colour it would have had without the @@SetColour command. An -empty left parameter also has this effect. -@PP -There is no default colour, so the user must ensure that the root galley -or each of its components is enclosed in a @@SetColour symbol whose -left parameter is not {@Code "nochange"}. -@PP -In addition to setting the colour used in the following object, the -@@SetColour command also sets the underline colour in that object, -like @@SetUnderlineColour from Section {@NumberOf underline_colour}. -While a case could be made for keeping these two attributes of -style independent, most people want to underline in the same colour -as the text most of the time, and this behaviour gives this without -any need to use @@SetUnderlineColour explicitly. -@PP -Lout makes no attempt to understand colour, it simply prints -the PostScript or PDF commands when appropriate. This has the advantage -of permitting access to any of PostScript's colour models (some -require initialization which can be supplied using @@PrependGraphic), -but the disadvantage of offering no way to make relative changes -(`as before only redder,' and so on). -@PP -For those who wish to obtain colour without working very hard, -the @Code setrgbcolor command used above is available in every -version of PostScript, requires no initialization, and is simple -to use. The three numbers, which range from 0.0 to 1.0, determine -the intensity of red, green, and blue respectively. Some useful -values for the left parameter are -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @I B } -{ -@Rowa A { 1.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } B { red } -@Rowa A { 0.0 1.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } B { green } -@Rowa A { 0.0 0.0 1.0 setrgbcolor } B { blue } -@Rowa A { 1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor } B { white } -@Rowa A { 0.5 0.5 0.5 setrgbcolor } B { grey } -@Rowa A { 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } B { black } -} -Colouring an object white is useful for producing an empty space -whose size is that of some object. -@PP -Since the introduction of textures to Lout in Version 3.27, direct -use of PostScript colour setting operations such as {@Code setrgbcolor} -is deprecated. Instead, Lout offers its own versions of the -standard PostScript colour setting operations: -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B } - bformat { @Cell @Code A | @Cell @Code B } -{ -@Rowa - A { If you want this } - B { You should rather write this } - f { Italic } - rb { yes } -@Rowb - A { num setgray } - B { num LoutSetGray } -@Rowb - A { num num num setrgbcolor } - B { num num num LoutSetRGBColor } -@Rowb - A { num num num sethsbcolor } - B { num num num LoutSetHSBColor } -@Rowb - A { num num num setcmykcolor } - B { num num num LoutSetCMYKColor } - rb { yes } -} -The Lout versions are equivalent to the PostScript ones but without -the unwanted effect of causing the current texture to be forgotten. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_conc b/doc/doc/expert/pre_conc deleted file mode 100644 index 0434b95..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_conc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,327 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Concatenation symbols and paragraphs } - @Tag { concatenation } -@Begin -@PP -There are ten concatenation symbols, in three families: -concatenation. @Index { Concatenation symbols } -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code C ! @Col @Code D ! @Col E } -{ -@Rowa A { "/" } B { "^/" } C { "//" } D { "^//" } E { Vertical concatenation } -@Rowa A { "|" } B { "^|" } C { "||" } D { "^||" } E { Horizontal concatenation } -@Rowa A { "&" } B { "^&" } C { } D { } E {In-paragraph concatenation} -} -Each symbol produces an object which combines together the two -parameters. The right parameter must be separated from the symbol by at -least one white space character. -@PP -The vertical concatenation symbol @Code "/" places its left parameter -vertical.concatenation @Index { Vertical concatenation } -above its right parameter with their column marks aligned. If one -parameter has more column marks than the other, empty columns are -inserted at the right to equalize the numbers. The variant @Code "//" -ignores column marks and left-justifies the objects. -@PP -The horizontal concatenation symbols @Code "|" and @Code "||" are horizontal -horizontal.concatenation @Index { Horizontal concatenation } -analogues of @Code "/" and {@Code "//"}: they place their two parameters side -by side, with row mark alignment or top-justification respectively. The -in.paragraph.concatenation @Index { In-paragraph concatenation } -in-paragraph concatenation symbol @Code "&" produces horizontal concatenation -within a paragraph; its special properties are treated in detail at the -end of this section. -@PP -The concatenation symbols in any one family are @I { mutually associative }, -which means that -@ID { -@Code "{" @I x {@Code "|"}{@I p} @I y @Code "}" {@Code "|"}{@I q} @I z -} -is always the same as -@ID { -@I x {@Code "|"}{@I p} @Code "{" @I y {@Code "|"}{@I q} @I z @Code "}" -} -for any objects {@I x}, {@I y}, and {@I z}, any gaps @I p and @I q (defined -below), and any choice of {@Code "|"}, {@Code "^|"}, {@Code "||"}, and -{@Code "^||"}. In practice we always omit such braces, since they are -redundant and can be misleading. The result of the complete sequence of -concatenations will be called the {@I{whole concatenation object}}, and -the objects which make it up will be called the {@I components}. -@PP -One mark is designated as the @I { principal mark }, usually the mark of -principal.mark @Index { Principal mark } -the first component. A later mark can be chosen for this honour by -attaching {@Code "^"} to the preceding concatenation symbol. See Section -{@NumberOf onerow} for examples. -@PP -A {@I gap}, -gap @Index Gap -specifying the distance between the two -parameters, may follow any concatenation symbol. There may be no spaces -between a concatenation symbol and its gap. A missing gap is taken -to be {@Code 0ie}. The gap is effectively a third parameter of the -concatenation symbol, and it may be an arbitrary object provided that it -evaluates to a juxtaposition of simple words. In general, the gap must -be enclosed in braces, like this: -@ID @Code { -"//{ @Style&&mystyle @Open { @TopMargin } }" -} -but the braces may be omitted when the object is a juxtaposition of -simple words or an invocation of a symbol without parameters, as in -@Code "//0.3vx" and {@Code "||@Indent"}. -@PP -A gap consists of a length plus a gap mode plus an optional indication -of unbreakability. A @I length -length @Index { Length } -is represented by an decimal number (which may not be negative) followed -by a unit of measurement. For example, @Code "2.5c" represents the -length 2.5 centimetres. Figure {@NumberOf units} gives the full selection -of units of measurement. -c.unit @Index { @Code c unit } -p.unit @Index { @Code p unit } -m.unit @Index { @Code m unit } -f.unit @Index { @Code f unit } -s.unit @Index { @Code s unit } -v.unit @Index { @Code v unit } -w.unit @Index { @Code w unit } -b.unit @Index { @Code b unit } -r.unit @Index { @Code r unit } -d.unit @Index { @Code d unit } - -@Figure - @Caption { The thirteen units of measurement provided by Lout. } - @Tag { units } -@Begin - @Tab - vmargin { 0.3v } - side { yes } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } - { - @Rowa above { yes } A { c } B { Centimetres. } - @Rowa A { i } B { Inches. -} - @Rowa A { p } B { Points ({@Code 72p} = {@Code 1i}). -} - @Rowa A { m } B { Ems ({@Code 12m} = {@Code 1i}). -} - @Rowa A { f } B { -One @Code f equals the size of the current font, as specified by -the @@Font symbol (Section {@NumberOf font}). This unit is -appropriate for lengths that should change with the font size. -} - @Rowa A { s } B { -One @Code s equals the preferred gap between two words in the -current font, as specified in the definition of the font, or by the -@@Space symbol (Section {@NumberOf break}). -} - @Rowa A { v } B { -One @Code v equals the current gap between lines introduced during -paragraph breaking, as specified by the @@Break symbol (Section -{@NumberOf break}). This unit is appropriate for lengths, such as the -spaces between paragraphs, which should change with the inter-line gap. -} - @Rowa A { w } B { -One @Code w equals the width of the following component, or its height if the -symbol is vertical concatenation. -} - @Rowa A { b } B { -One @Code b equals the width of the whole concatenation object, -or its height if the symbol is vertical concatenation. -} - @Rowa A { r } B { -One @Code r equals one @Code b minus one {@Code w}. This unit is used -for centring, and for left and right justification. -} - @Rowa A { d } B { -Degrees. This unit may only be used with the @Code "@Rotate" symbol. -} - @Rowa A { y } B { -One @Code y equals the current value set by the @Code "@YUnit" -symbol (Section {@NumberOf yunit}). This unit is not used internally -by Lout; it is included for the convenience of application packages. -} - @Rowa below { yes } A { z } B { -One @Code z equals the current value set by the @Code "@ZUnit" -symbol (Section {@NumberOf yunit}). This unit is not used internally -by Lout; it is included for the convenience of application packages. -} - } -@End @Figure - -@PP -After the length comes an optional @I {gap mode}, -gap.mode @Index { Gap mode } -which is a single letter following the length, indicating how the length -is to be measured. As shown in Figure {@NumberOf gapmodes}, - -@Figure - @Tag { gapmodes } - @Caption { The six gap modes provided by Lout. } -@Begin -@Fig { -{ /2.5vx Edge-to-edge |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I l} &1p {@Code e} - /4vx Hyphenation |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I l} &1p {@Code h} - /4vx Overstrike |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I l} &1p {@Code o} - /4vx Mark-to-mark |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I l} &1p {@Code x} - /4vx Kerning |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I l} &1p {@Code k} - /4vx Tabulation |0.3i {@Code "|"} &1p {@I l} &1p {@Code t} -} -||0.5i -@Box margin { 0c } 6c @Wide 13.2c @High 9p @Font -{ - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 2.2c @Wide 1.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 1.8c } - @At { 2.2c @Wide 1.6c @High } @Put { 1.8c @Wide { &0.5rt @I l } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 2.2c @Wide 1.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 1.8c } - @At { 2.2c @Wide 1.6c @High } @Put { 1.8c @Wide { &0.5rt @I l } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.5c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 3.3c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.7c @High } @Put { 3.3c @Wide { &0.5rt @I l } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.5c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 3.3c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.7c @High } - @Put 3.3c @Wide { |0.5rt { max( {@I {l, a+b+l"/10"}}) } } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 0.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 1.0c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 0.2c @High } @Put { 1.0c @Wide { &0.5rt @I a } } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 0.5c } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.2c @High } @Put { 0.5c @Wide { &0.5rt @I b } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.5c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 3.3c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 1.7c @High } - @Put { 3.3c @Wide { |0.5rt max( {@I {l, a, b}})}} - @At { 1.2c @Wide 0.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 1.0c } - @At { 1.2c @Wide 0.2c @High } @Put { 1.0c @Wide { &0.5rt @I a } } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.4c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 0.5c } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.2c @High } @Put { 0.5c @Wide { &0.5rt @I b } } - } - //4vx - @OneRow { - @At { 1c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.2co } - @At { 4c @Wide 0.5c @High } @Put { @LBox 0.5co } - @At { 0.0c @Wide 1.6c @High } @Put { @DoubleArrow 4.0c } - @At { 2.8c @Wide 1.8c @High } @Put { @I l } - } - //5vx - @DoubleArrow 6c - //0.1c |0.5rt @I { current bound } -} - -} -@End @Figure -with edge-to-edge gap mode -edge.to.edge @Index { Edge-to-edge gap mode } -e.gap.mode @Index { @Code e gap mode } -the length @I l is measured from the trailing edge -of the first object to the leading edge of the second. Edge-to-edge is the -default mode: the @Code e may be omitted. Hyphenation gap mode is -hyphenation.gap @Index { Hyphenation gap mode } -h.gap.mode @Index { @Code h gap mode } -similar, except as explained at the end of this section. -@PP -Mark-to-mark, -mark.to.mark @Index { Mark-to-mark gap mode } -x.gap.mode @Index { @Code x gap mode } -overstrike, -overstrike @Index { Overstrike gap mode } -o.gap.mode @Index { @Code o gap mode } -and kerning -kerning.mode @Index { Kerning gap mode } -k.gap.mode @Index { @Code k gap mode } -measure the length from the last mark -of the first object to the first mark of the second. In the case of -mark-to-mark, if the length is too small to prevent the objects -almost overlapping, it is widened until they no longer do. (The extra -@I { "l/10" } is not applied when plain text output is in effect.) Kerning -also widens, with the aim of preventing the mark of either object from -overlapping the other object; this mode is used for subscripts and -superscripts. -@PP -tabulation @Index { Tabulation gap mode } -t.gap.mode @Index { @Code t gap mode } -centring @Index { Centring } -right.justif @Index { Right justification } -Tabulation ignores the first object and places the leading edge of the -second object at a distance @I l from the left edge of the whole -concatenation object. It is the main user of the @Code b and @Code r -units of measurement; for example, @Code "|1rt" will right-justify the -following component, and @Code "|0.5rt" will centre it. -@PP -The value @Code "|0rt" separating the first and second items in a -sequence of horizontally concatenated objects is somewhat special in -that it denotes left justification of the object to its left in the -available space. This is identical with @Code "|0ie" when the object to -the left also has the principal mark; but when it does not, @Code "|0rt" -will cause the object to the left to appear further to the left than it -would otherwise have done, if space to do so is available. -@PP -A gap is optionally concluded with an indication of unbreakability, -which is a letter @Code "u" appended to the gap. A paragraph will -never be broken at an unbreakable gap, nor will a galley be broken -across two targets at such a gap. Basser Lout's implementation is -slightly defective in that it ignores any unbreakable indication -in the gap separating the first component promoted into any target -from the second. -@PP -When two objects are separated only by zero or more white space -white.space.when @SubIndex { when significant } -space.f.when @SubIndex { when significant } -characters (spaces, tabs, newlines, and formfeeds), Lout inserts -{@Code "&"}{@I k}{@Code "s"} between the two objects, where @I k is the -number of spaces. Precisely, @I k is determined by discarding all space -characters and tabs that precede newlines (these are invisible so are -better ignored), then counting 1 for each newline, formfeed or space, -and 8 for each tab character. The gap will be unbreakable if @I k -is zero. -@PP -A sequence of two or more objects separated by @Code "&" symbols is a -paragraph.breaking.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail } -{@I paragraph}. Lout breaks paragraphs into lines automatically as -required, by converting some of the @Code "&" symbols into -{@Code "//1vx"}. Unbreakable gaps are not eligible for this -conversion. `Optimal' line breaks are chosen, using a -method adapted from @TeX @Cite { $knuth1984tex }. -tex @RawIndex { @TeX } -tex.optimal @SubIndex { optimal paragraph breaking } -@PP -If an @Code "&" symbol whose gap has hyphenation mode -hyphenation @Index { Hyphenation gap mode } -tex.hyphenation @SubIndex { hyphenation } -is chosen for replacement by {@Code "//1vx"}, a hyphen will be appended to -the preceding object, unless that object is a word which already ends with -a hyphen or slash. For example, -@ID @Code { -Long words may be "hyph &0ih enat &0ih ed." -} -could have the following result, depending where the line breaks fall: -@ID 2i @Wide { -Long words may be hyph &0ih enat &0ih ed. -} -Basser Lout inserts hyphenation gaps automatically as required, again -following the method of @TeX, which approximates the hyphenations in -Webster's dictionary. However it does not insert hyphenation gaps -in words on either side of a concatenation symbol which already has -hyphenation mode. To prevent the hyphenation of a single word, -enclose it in quotes. Further control over paragraph breaking and -hyphenation is provided by the @@Break and @@Space symbols (Sections -{@NumberOf break} and {@NumberOf space}). -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_cont b/doc/doc/expert/pre_cont deleted file mode 100644 index 90bf9e7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_cont +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@SetContext" and "@GetContext" } - @Tag { cont } -@Begin -@PP -As earlier sections showed, the style information contains many -attributes: the current font, break style, colour and texture, -and so on. It is also possible -@FootNote { From Version 3.34 of Basser Lout. } -to add arbitrary additional information to the style, using the -@@SetContext symbol, and retrieve it using @@GetContext. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{dirn @Yield up} @SetContext { -The current direction is {@GetContext dirn}. -} -} -produces -@ID @OneRow { -{dirn @Yield up} @SetContext { -The current direction is {@GetContext dirn}. -} -} -The object to the left of @@SetContext must be a @@Yield symbol whose -left parameter, the {@I key}, evaluates to a simple word, and whose -right parameter, the {@I value}, may be an arbitrary object. Since -@@Yield has high precedence it will usually be necessary to enclose -non-trivial values in braces. The effect is to associate the value -with the key in a symbol table throughout the right parameter of the -@@SetContext symbol, as part of the style information. The value may -be retrieved anywhere in this region by invoking @@GetContext with the -key as its right parameter. -@PP -The value is evaluated using the style and environment where it occurs, -not where it is used. In any case in most applications the value will -be a simple word, independent of any style and environment, used to -select a branch in a case expression, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{@GetContext dirn} @Case { - up @Yield ... - down @Yield ... -} -} -@@GetContext reports an error if there is no value associated with -its key in the current style. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_cove b/doc/doc/expert/pre_cove deleted file mode 100644 index c5cf45e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_cove +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@HCover" and "@VCover" } - @Tag { hcover } -@Begin -@PP -hcover. @Index { @@HCover symbol } -vcover. @Index { @@VCover symbol } -The @@VCover symbol vertically scales its right parameter so that it -covers every object that shares its row mark. For example, -@ID @Code "@VCover ( 45d @Rotate Hello @VCover )" -produces -@ID @ShowHMark { @VCover ( 45d @Rotate Hello @VCover ) } -The row mark has been added to show clearly where it lies. This should be -compared with -@ID @Code "@VScale ( 45d @Rotate Hello @VScale )" -which produces -@ID @ShowHMark { @VScale ( 45d @Rotate Hello @VScale ) } -Scaling abandons mark alignment and so is able to exactly cover the -rest of the row, whereas covering preserves mark alignment and so -is obliged in general to more than cover the rest of the row. -@PP -If the parameter of @@VCover has zero vertical size, this is taken -to mean that covering is not required after all and the @@VCover is -silently ignored. If however the parameter has non-zero size above -the mark but zero size below, or vice versa, this is taken to be an error -since scaling cannot make the parameter cover the rest of the row. -@PP -@@HCover is similar, horizontally covering all objects that share -its column mark. Neither symbol works well near galley targets, -because the scale factor to apply is determined before any galley -flushing takes place. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_cros b/doc/doc/expert/pre_cros deleted file mode 100644 index d300e86..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_cros +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { The cross reference symbols "&&" and "&&&" } - @Tag { crossref } -@Begin -@PP -The cross reference symbol @Code "&&" takes the name of a symbol (not an -object) for its left parameter, and an object whose value must be a -simple word, or several simple words, for its right parameter. The -result is a cross reference, which may be thought of as an arrow pointing -from the cross reference symbol to the beginning of an invocation of the -named symbol. -@PP -The invocation pointed to, known as the @I target of the cross -reference, is generally one whose @@Tag parameter has value equal -to the right parameter of the cross reference symbol. Three special tags, -{@Code preceding}, {@Code following}, and {@Code foll_or_prec}, point -respectively to the first invocation preceding the cross reference in -the final printed document, to the first invocation following it, and -to the first following it if such exists else to the first preceding it. -@PP -A cross reference may be used in four ways: where an object is -expected, in which case its value is a copy of the target; with the -@@Open and @@Use symbols; with the @@Tagged symbol; and in the -@Code into clause or @Code "@Target" symbol of a galley definition, in -which case the value of the tag must be {@Code preceding}, -{@Code following}, or {@Code foll_or_prec}. -@PP -Within an @Code "into" clause or @Code "@Target" symbol, the alternative -form @Code "&&&" is acceptable and indicates a forcing galley (Section -{@NumberOf targets}). -@PP -Except within an @Code into clause or @Code "@Target" symbol, the symbol -referred to must have a @@Tag parameter. This is so even if the right -parameter of the cross reference is {@Code preceding}, {@Code following}, -or {@Code foll_or_prec}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_data b/doc/doc/expert/pre_data deleted file mode 100644 index e7bb643..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_data +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Database and @SysDatabase" } - @Tag { database } -@Begin -@PP -database.sym @Index { @@Database symbol } -The @@Database symbol is used to declare the existence of a file -of symbol invocations that Lout may refer to when evaluating cross -references. In Basser Lout, for example, -@ID @Code { -"@Database @Months @WeekDays { standard }" -} -means that there is a file called @Code "standard.ld" containing -invocations of the previously defined symbols @Code "@Months" and -{@Code "@WeekDays"}. A @@Database symbol may appear anywhere a definition -or a @@Use symbol may appear. Different definitions packages may refer to a -common database, provided the definitions they give for its symbols are -compatible. An entry is interpreted as though it appears at the point -where the cross reference that retrieves it does, which allows symbols -like @Code "@I" for @Code "Slope @Font" to be used in databases. The -database file may not contain @@Database or @@Include symbols, and each -invocation within it must be enclosed in braces. -@PP -Basser Lout constructs an {@I {index file}}, -index.file @Index { Index file (for databases) } -which in this example is called {@Code "standard.li"}, the first time it -ever encounters the database, as an aid to searching it. If the database -file is changed, its index file must be deleted by the user so that -Basser Lout knows to reconstruct it. There is also an installation -option which allows this deletion to be done automatically on suitable -systems (including Unix). -@PP -Basser Lout searches for databases in the current directory first, then -in a sequence of standard places. To search the standard places only, use -sysdatabase.sym @Index { @@SysDatabase symbol } -@@SysDatabase. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_font b/doc/doc/expert/pre_font deleted file mode 100644 index 704e497..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_font +++ /dev/null @@ -1,211 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { {"@Font"}, {"@Char"}, and "@FontDef" } - @Tag { font } -@Begin -@PP -A @I font -font. @Index { Fonts } -is a collection of characters which may be -printed. Many fonts come in {@I families}, -family @Index { Family of a font } -face @Index { Face of a font } -which are groups of fonts that -have been designed to go together. For example, the Times family -includes the following fonts: -@ID { Times Base } @Font { - Base @Font { Times Base } -//1vx Slope @Font { Times Slope } -//1vx Bold @Font { Times Bold } -//1vx BoldSlope @Font { Times BoldSlope } -} -Thus, each font has two names: its @I { family name } (Times, -Helvetica, etc.) and its @I { face name } (Base, Slope, etc.). Times -Base is more commonly called Times Roman, and Times Slope is more -commonly called Times Italic. Lout avoids these names in favour of -generic names which can be applied to many font families. -@PP -Ligatures, -ligatures @Index Ligatures -kerning @Index Kerning -such as fl for {@OneCol f}l and fi for {@OneCol f}i, are considered by -Basser Lout to be an integral part of the font: if the font definition -(see below) mentions them, they will be used. Similarly, kerning (fine -adjustment of the space between adjacent characters to improve the -appearance) is done whenever indicated in the font definition. Enclosing -one of the letters in @@OneCol is one sure way to disable a ligature or kern. -You can also turn off ligatures using -@ID @Code "nolig @Font { ... }" -and turn them on with -@ID @Code "lig @Font { ... }" -Since they are on initially this second option is rarely needed. -@PP -More generally, the @@Font symbol -font.sym @Index { @@Font symbol } -returns its right parameter in a font and size specified by its left: -@ID { -@Code "{ Times Base 12p } @Font" @I object -} -The family and face names must have appeared together in a {@Code "@FontDef"} -(see below); the size is arbitrary and may be given in any one of the -{@Code "c"}, {@Code "i"}, {@Code "p"}, {@Code "m"}, {@Code "f"}, {@Code "s"}, -and {@Code "v"} units of measurement (Section {@NumberOf concatenation}), -although @Code 10p and @Code 12p are the most common sizes for text. There -may be empty objects and @@Null objects in the left parameter of @@Font; -these are ignored. -@PP -When a @@Font symbol is nested inside the right parameter of -another @@Font symbol, the inner one determines the font of its -own right parameter. However, it may be abbreviated so as to inherit -part of the outer symbol: -@ID @Code { -"{ Times Base 12p } @Font" -"{ hello, Slope @Font hello, 15p @Font hello }" -} -has result -@ID { -{ Times Base 12p } @Font -{ hello, Slope @Font hello, 15p @Font hello } -} -The first inner @@Font inherits the outer family and size, changing only -the face; the second inherits the outer family and face. When a family -name is given, it must be followed immediately by a face name. A size -change may appear first or last. -@PP -Sizes of the form +{@I length} and --{@I length} may also be used, -meaning that the font size is to be @I length larger or smaller than -the inherited value. For example, --{@Code "2p"} is often used for -superscripts and subscripts. These forms are highly recommended, since -they don't need to be changed if a decision is made to alter the font -size of the document as a whole. -@PP -The @@Font symbol also switches to and from small capitals: -"smallcaps" @Index { small capitals } -@ID @Code { -"smallcaps @Font ..." -"nosmallcaps @Font ..." -} -These may be nested, and they cooperate with other font changes. The -precise effect depends on the font (see below). There is a default -value (@Code {"nosmallcaps"}), so it is not necessary to mention this -attribute when giving an initial font. -@PP -By default, the size of the small capitals is 0.7 times the size -of full-size capitals. You can change this ratio, for example to -0.8, using -@ID @Code "{ setsmallcaps 0.8 } @Font ..." -This does not itself cause a change to small capitals, but wherever -they are used in the right parameter of @Code "@Font" they will have -size 0.8 times the size that ordinary capitals would have had at -that point. Note that the number following @Code "setsmallcaps" is -a ratio, not a length, so there is no unit of measurement. -@PP -The @@Font symbol also controls a feature added in Version 3.25 -which determines where the row mark is placed in a word. Usually, -as described elsewhere in this document, the row mark passes through -the word at a height of half the height of the letter `x' above the -baseline of the word. However this can be changed so that it passes -through the baseline, or not, like this: -@ID @Code { -"baselinemark @Font ..." -"xheight2mark @Font ..." -} -The default value is {@Code xheight2mark}; this was how Lout did it -before this option was added, because it makes equation formatting -easy. The other value, {@Code baselinemark}, is useful when words -in different font sizes appear side by side on a line. -@PP -Finally, a feature added in Version 3.33 requests that the height -and depth of every character be increased to the `bounding box' -size of the font -- that is, to the height of the font's highest -character and the depth of the font's deepest character. Ensuring -in this way that every character has the same height and depth can -make documents more uniform in layout. To get this feature, use -@ID @Code { "strut @Font ..." } -either alone or combined with other options to {@Code "@Font"}. It -is called @Code strut because it is like inserting an invisible -vertical strut into every non-empty word. By default struts are off; -but anyway if you need to turn them off for some reason, use -{@Code "nostrut @Font"}. Struts are always turned off in equations, for -example, because they are not appropriate for equation formatting. -@PP -There are two predefined symbols, @@CurrFamily and @@CurrFace, which -respectively return the family and face names of the current font. For -example, right now @@CurrFamily is @CurrFamily and @@CurrFace is -@CurrFace. -@PP -To inform Lout that certain fonts exist, it is necessary to create a -database of @Code "@FontDef" symbols. (It is possible to have a -@Code "@FontDef" symbol in an ordinary source file; it enters the -cross-reference database in the usual way and is retrieved from there -by the font machinery, but only from the second run, which is not -convenient.) A typical entry in such a database looks like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ @FontDef - @Tag { Times-Base } - @Family { Times } - @Face { Base } - @Name { Times-Roman } - @Metrics { Ti-Rm } - @Mapping { LtLatin1.LCM } -} -} -This entry informs Lout of the existence of a font whose family name -is the value of {@Code "@Family"} and whose face name is the value -of {@Code "@Face"}. The @Code "@Tag" value must be exactly equal -to {@Code "@Family"} followed by a hyphen followed by -{@Code "@Face"}. There are a few fonts which are the only members -of their families; even though these fonts do not need a face name, they -must be given one, probably {@Code Base}, by their {@Code "@FontDef"}. -@PP -The other fields are implementation-dependent, but in Basser Lout -Version 3 they are {@Code "@Name"}, a PostScript font name; -{@Code "@Metrics"}, an -adobe @Index { Adobe Systems, Inc. } -Adobe font metrics (formerly AFM) file whose FontName entry must agree -with the PostScript font name just mentioned; and {@Code "@Mapping"}, -the name of a Lout Character Mapping (LCM) file. The files are -searched for in standard places. Consult the PostScript Reference Manual -@Cite { $adobe1990ps } for general information about fonts and encoding -vectors; briefly, an 8-bit -lcm. @Index { LCM file } -character code @I c in Lout's input is mapped to the character in the -Adobe font metrics file whose name appears on the line labelled @I c in the -LCM file. The LCM file also defines various character-to-character -mappings, such as upper-case to lower-case, which are used for such -purposes as the production of small capitals. -@PP -The options shown above are all compulsory, but there are two other -options which are optional. The @Code "@Recode" option, if given, -must have value @Code "Yes" (the default, so rarely seen) or -{@Code "No"}. If @Code "@Recode { No }" is given, Lout assumes that -the given encoding vector is already associated with this font in -the PostScript interpreter, and optimizes its output accordingly. -@PP -The other optional option, {@Code "@ExtraMetrics"}, has value -equal to the name of a second font metrics file which, if given, -is added to the main one defined by {@Code "@Metrics"}. This -extra metrics file contains @Code "C" (define character) and -@Code "CC" (define composite character) entries in the same format -as in AFM files; Lout will build composite characters declared in -this extra file from the given pieces, which it does not do for -composite characters in the main AFM file. There are example -extra metrics files in the current Lout distribution which show -the precise format of these files. -@PP -It is not possible to have two @Code "@FontDef" database entries -with the same family and face names, because then they must have -the same {@Code "@Tag"}, which is not allowed. However, a PostScript -font name and file may appear in two or more font definitions, -allowing one PostScript font to have two or more equally valid -Lout names. The LCM files may be equal or different as desired. -@PP -The @@Char symbol -char @Index { @@Char symbol } -allows a character to be specified by its name (its PostScript name in -Basser Lout) rather than by its code: -@ID @Code "@Char nine" -is equivalent to @Code "9" in most fonts. This is useful as a -documentation aid and to be sure of getting the right character even if the -encoding vector of the font is changed. However @@Char will fail if the -character named is not in the encoding vector of the current font. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_gall b/doc/doc/expert/pre_gall deleted file mode 100644 index e5443f4..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_gall +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Galley" and "@ForceGalley" } - @Tag { galley } -@Begin -@PP -These symbols -galley.sym @Index { @@Galley symbol } -forcegalley.sym @Index { @@ForceGalley symbol } -both act as a placeholder for a galley. That is, they may be replaced -by components of a galley. In the case of @@ForceGalley the galley will -then have a forcing galley effect at this point although it need not be -declared using {@Code "force into"}. See Section {@NumberOf targets} -for a detailed discussion of galleys, forcing galleys, and targets. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_grap b/doc/doc/expert/pre_grap deleted file mode 100644 index e75dd21..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_grap +++ /dev/null @@ -1,284 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Graphic" } - @Tag { graphic } -@Begin -@PP -graphic.sym @Index { @@Graphic symbol } -diagrams @Index { Diagrams } -Lout does not provide the vast repertoire of graphical objects (lines, -circles, boxes, etc.) required by diagrams. Instead, it provides an -escape route to some other language that does have these features, via -its @@Graphic symbol: -postscript.graphic @SubIndex { used by @@Graphic } -@ID @OneRow @OneRow @Code { -"{ 0 0 moveto" -" 0 ysize lineto" -" xsize ysize lineto" -" xsize 0 lineto" -" closepath" -" stroke" -"}" -"@Graphic" -"{ //0.2c" -" ||0.2c hello, world ||0.2c" -" //0.2c" -"}" -} -The result of the above invocation of the symbol @@Graphic is -@ID @OneRow @OneRow { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - { 0 0 moveto - 0 ysize lineto - xsize ysize lineto - xsize 0 lineto - closepath - stroke - } - @Graphic - { //0.2c - ||0.2c hello, world ||0.2c - //0.2c - } - } - PDF @Yield { - { 0 0 m - 0 __ysize l - __xsize __ysize l - __xsize 0 l - s - } - @Graphic - { //0.2c - ||0.2c hello, world ||0.2c - //0.2c - } - } - } -} -@PP -The right parameter always appears as part of the result, and indeed the -result is always an object whose size is identical to the size of the -right parameter with @@OneCol and @@OneRow applied to -it. From now on we refer to this part of the result as the {@I base}. -@PP -The left parameter is implementation-dependent: that is, its -meaning is not defined by Lout, and different implementations could -require different values for it. The following description applies to -Basser Lout, which uses the PostScript page description language -@Cite { $adobe1990ps }. Similar but more restricted possibilities exist -with the PDF back end (see a separate document distributed with Lout); -to include both, use the @@BackEnd symbol like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"{ @BackEnd @Case {" -" PostScript @Yield" -" {" -" ..." -" }" -" PDF @Yield" -" {" -" ..." -" }" -" }" -" @Graphic" -" {" -" ..." -" }" -"}" -} -Returning to PostScript, the left parameter refers to a coordinate system -whose origin is the bottom left-hand corner of the base. It may use the symbols -@Code xsize and @Code ysize to denote the horizontal and vertical size -of the base; similarly, @Code xmark and @Code ymark denote the positions -of the base's column and row marks: -@ID @OneRow 9p @Font @Fig { - { &1rt @I ysize /0ik &1rt @I ymark /0ik &1rt 0 } |0.4c - { / - |0ik @ShowMarks { 1c @High 1.5c @Wide ^| 3c @Wide ^/ 2c @High } - |0ik / - } - /0.2c - | 0 | @I xmark | @I xsize -} -In addition to these four symbols and 0, lengths may be denoted in -centimetres, inches, points, ems, f's, v's and s's using the notation -@ID @OneRow @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - hmargin { 1m } - @Fmta { @Col {@I l @Code A} ! @Col {instead of Lout's} ! @Col {{@I l}B} } -{ -@Rowa A { cm } B { c } -@Rowa A { in } B { i } -@Rowa A { pt } B { p } -@Rowa A { em } B { m } -@Rowa A { ft } B { f } -@Rowa A { vs } B { v } -@Rowa A { sp } B { s } -} -Note that there must be a space between the number and its unit, -unlike Lout proper. -@PP -A point within the base (and, with care, a point outside it) may -be denoted by a pair of lengths. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"xmark ymark" -} -is the point where the marks cross, and -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"0 2 cm" -} -is a point on the left edge, two centimetres above the bottom left-hand -corner. These two numbers are called the @I {x coordinate} and the -@I {y coordinate} of the point. -@PP -The first step in specifying a graphic object is to define a -{@I path}. A path can be thought of as the track of a pen moving over -the page. The pen may be up (not drawing) or down (drawing a line or -curve) as it moves. The entire path is a sequence of the following -items: -@LP -2i @Wide { |1rt @I {x y} @Code moveto } -|2m Lift the pen and move it to the indicated point. -@JP -2i @Wide { |1rt @I {x y} @Code lineto } -|2m Put the pen down and draw a straight line to the indicated point. -@JP -2i @Wide { |1rt @I {x y r angle1 angle2} @Code arc } -|2m Put the pen down and draw a circular arc whose centre has -coordinates @I x and @I y and whose radius is {@I r}. The arc begins -at the angle @I angle1 measuring counterclockwise from the point -directly to the right of the centre, and proceeds counterclockwise to -{@I angle2}. If the arc is not the first thing on the path, a straight -line will be drawn connecting the current point to the start of the arc. -@JP -2i @Wide { |1rt @I {x y r angle1 angle2} @Code arcn } -|2m As for arc, but the arc goes clockwise from @I angle1 to -{@I angle2 }. -@JP -2i @Wide @Code { |1rt closepath } -|2m Draw a straight line back to the point most recently moved to. -@LP -The first item should always be a {@Code moveto}, {@Code arc}, or -{@Code arcn}. It should be clear from this that the path given earlier: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"0 0 moveto" -"0 ysize lineto" -"xsize ysize lineto" -"xsize 0 lineto" -"closepath" -} -traces around the boundary of the base with the pen down. -@PP -Once a path is set up, we are ready to @I paint it onto the page. There -are two choices: we can either @I stroke it, which means to display it -as described; or we can @I fill it, which means to paint everything -inside it grey or black. For stroking the two main options are -@IL -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @I length @Code setlinewidth } -|2m The pen will draw lines of the given width. -} -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code "[" @I length @Code {"]" 0 setdash} } -|2m The pen will draw dashed lines when it is down, with the dashes each -of the given length. -} -@EL -These options are followed by the word {@Code "stroke"}. So, for example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto" -" 2 pt setlinewidth [ 5 pt ] 0 setdash stroke" -"}" -"@Graphic { 3i @Wide }" -} -has result -@ID @OneRow { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 2 pt setlinewidth [ 5 pt ] 0 setdash stroke - } - @Graphic { 3i @Wide } - } - PDF @Yield { - { [ __mul(5, __pt) ] 0 d __mul(2, __pt) w 0 0 m __xsize 0 l S - } - @Graphic { 3i @Wide } - } - } -} -@PP -When filling in the region enclosed by a path, the main option is -{@Code setgray}, which determines the shade of grey to use, on a scale -from 0 (black) to 1 (white). So, for example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath" -" 0.8 setgray fill" -"}" -"@Graphic" -"{ 2c @Wide 2c @High }" -} -has result -@ID @OneRow { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath - 0.8 setgray fill - } - @Graphic - { 2c @Wide 2c @High } - } - PDF @Yield { - { 0 0 m __xsize 0 l 0 __ysize l h - 0.8 g f - } - @Graphic - { 2c @Wide 2c @High } - } - } -} -@PP -There are many other options. The value of the left parameter of -@@Graphic may be any fragment of the PostScript page description language -@Cite { $adobe1990ps }. Here are two other examples: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -xsize 2 div -} -denoting a length equal to half the horizontal size of the base, and -@ID @OneRow @Code { -gsave fill grestore stroke -} -which both fills and strokes the path. Since Basser Lout does not check -that the left parameter is valid PostScript, it is possible to cause -mysterious errors in the printing device, resulting in no output, if an -incorrect value is given. It is a good idea to encapsulate graphics -objects in carefully tested definitions, like those of the Diag figure -drawing package @Cite { $kingston1995lout.user, Chapter 9 }, -diag @Index { Diag diagram-drawing package } -to be sure of avoiding these errors. -@PP -PostScript experts may find the following information helpful when -designing advanced graphics features. The left parameter of @@Graphic -may have two parts, separated by {@Code "//"}: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code "{" @I {first part} @Code "//" @I {second part} @Code "} @Graphic" -@I object -} -If there is no {@Code "//"}, the second part is taken to be empty. The -PostScript output has the form -@ID @OneRow lines @Break { -@Code gsave -@I x @I y @Code translate -@I {Code which defines {@Code xsize}, {@Code ysize}, {@Code xmark}, {@Code ymark}, {@Code ft}, {@Code vs}, and {@Code sp} } -@Code gsave -@I {first part} -@Code grestore -@I {Code which renders the right parameter in translated coordinates} -@I {second part} -@Code grestore -} -where @Eq {x, y} is the position of the lower left corner of the -base. Having two parts permits bracketing operations, like @Code save -and @Code restore or @Code begin and {@Code end}, to enclose an -object. See the source file of the Diag package for examples. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hadj b/doc/doc/expert/pre_hadj deleted file mode 100644 index 4ca9fe0..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hadj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@HAdjust", "@VAdjust", and "@PAdjust" } - @Tag { hadjust } -@Begin -@PP -padjust. @Index { @@PAdjust symbol } -hadjust. @Index { @@HAdjust symbol } -vadjust. @Index { @@VAdjust symbol } -adjustment @Index { Adjustment of object } -These symbols spread their right parameter apart until it occupies -all the space available to it; @@HAdjust adjusts @Code "|" sequences, -@@VAdjust adjusts @Code "/" sequences, and @@PAdjust adjusts @Code "&" -sequences. For example, -@ID @Code { -"4i @Wide @PAdjust { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 }" -} -has result -@ID { -4i @Wide @PAdjust { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 } -} -More precisely, the widening is effected by enlarging the size of each -component except the last by an equal fraction of the space that would -otherwise be left over -- just the opposite of the usual procedure, -which assigns all the leftover space to the last component (Section -{@NumberOf size}). -@PP -@@PAdjust is used by the @Code adjust and @Code outdent options of -the @@Break symbol (Section {@NumberOf break}). It has a slight -peculiarity: it will not enlarge components when the immediately -following gap has width 0. This is to prevent space from appearing -(for example) between a word and an immediately following comma. The -other two symbols will enlarge such components. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hcon b/doc/doc/expert/pre_hcon deleted file mode 100644 index 0d409c0..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hcon +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@HContract" and "@VContract" } - @Tag { hcontract } -@Begin -@PP -hcontract. @Index { @@HContract symbol } -vcontract. @Index { @@VContract symbol } -contraction @Index { Contraction of object } -The @@HContract symbol reduces the size of its right parameter to a -reasonable minimum (after paragraph breaking). For example, -@ID @Code "5i @Wide @HContract { A |1rt B }" -has result -@ID { 5i @Wide @HContract { A |1rt B } } -in which the B is much closer to the A than it would otherwise have -been. @@VContract is similar, but in a vertical direction. See -Section {@NumberOf size} for a more extensive discussion. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_head b/doc/doc/expert/pre_head deleted file mode 100644 index e8779aa..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_head +++ /dev/null @@ -1,124 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@BeginHeaderComponent", "@EndHeaderComponent", -"@SetHeaderComponent", and "@ClearHeaderComponent" } - @Tag { header_comp } -@Begin -@PP -Informally, header components are running headers that appear at the -header.component @Index { Header component of galley } -top of the displayed segments of galleys. They are used, for example, -by the @Code "@Tbl" table formatting package to place running headers -at the top of each page of a multi-page table, after the first page. -@PP -Formally, a header component of a galley is an ordinary component of -a galley (Section {@NumberOf targets}) together with an indication -that the component is a header component. When printed, a header -component looks exactly like it would have done as an ordinary -component; the difference is in whether the component is printed at all, -and if so where. -@PP -Every non-header component of every galley has associated with it a -sequence of zero or more header components. Whenever a galley attaches -to a target, and the target does not itself occupy an entire component -of the enclosing galley, copies of the header components associated with the -first ordinary component to be promoted into that target are -promoted into it first. -@PP -The condition `and the target does not itself occupy an entire component -of the enclosing galley' ensures that, for example, when part of a section -has header components, these are not printed where the section is -promoted into its chapter, but rather where the chapter is promoted -onto pages. If the target occupies the whole component, then the -incoming galley will not split at all, so headers would be of no -interest there. -@PP -The one remaining question is `How is the sequence of header -components of each ordinary component determined?' By default, -the header components of one component are the same as those -of the previous component. We can show this graphically as -follows: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break @Eq { -C sub i : H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n -"/" -C sub i+1 : H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n -} -which may be read: `If ordinary component @E { C sub i } has -header component sequence @E { H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n }, -then its successor component @E { C sub i+1 } has header component -sequence @E { H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n } also.' Using this -notation, we may now define the four symbols that affect header -component sequences: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break @Eq { -C sub i : H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n -"/" -gap `` @@BeginHeaderComponent `` H sub n+1 -"/" -C sub i+1 : H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n , H sub n+1 -} -That is, @@BeginHeaderComponent occupying an entire -begin.header.component.sym @Index { @@BeginHeaderComponent symbol } -component appends a header component to the sequence of the -following ordinary components. When printed, this header -component is separated by @E { gap } from the following component; -if @E { gap } is empty it denotes @Code { 0ie } as usual with -concatenation gaps. The appearance of the header component will be -exactly as it would have been had it occurred alone at that point, -rather than after @@BeginHeaderComponent. -@PP -Next comes @@EndHeaderComponent: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break @Eq { -C sub i : H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n , H sub n+1 -"/" -@@EndHeaderComponent -"/" -C sub i+1 : H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n -} -That is, @@EndHeaderComponent (which has no parameters) occupying an -end.header.component.sym @Index { @@EndHeaderComponent symbol } -entire component deletes the last header component. If the sequence is -empty, a warning message is printed and it remains -empty. @@BeginHeaderComponent and @@EndHeaderComponent are naturally -used in matching (possibly nested) pairs, to introduce and subsequently -retract a header component. -@PP -Next comes @@SetHeaderComponent: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break @Eq { -C sub i : H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n -"/" -gap `` @@SetHeaderComponent `` H sub n+1 -"/" -C sub i+1 : H sub n+1 -} -@@SetHeaderComponent clears any current header components -set.header.component.sym @Index { @@SetHeaderComponent symbol } -and replaces them by one of its own. Finally we have -@@ClearHeaderComponent: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break @Eq { -C sub i : H sub 1 , H sub 2 ,..., H sub n -"/" -@@ClearHeaderComponent -"/" -C sub i+1 : -} -This symbol clears any header components, leaving the sequence empty. These -clear.header.component.sym @Index { @@ClearHeaderComponent symbol } -last two symbols combine less cleanly than the first two (either will -wreck any enclosing @@BeginHeaderComponent -- @@EndHeaderComponent pair), -but they are useful in situations where the range of one header is -terminated by the start of the range of the next. -@PP -All four symbols yield the value @@Null where they appear. If they -do not occupy entire components of their galley, they are silently -ignored. -@PP -Owing to limitations in the way header components are implemented, the -following object types are not allowed inside them, and Basser Lout will -complain and quit if it finds any of them: galleys, receptive or -recursive symbols, cross references, @@PageLabel, @@HExpand, @@VExpand, -@@HCover, @@VCover, and @@Scale when it has an empty left parameter. -In addition, if more than three copies of the same running header are -printed on the same page, their horizontal positions will become -confused, probably resulting in the apparent disappearance of all but the -last three copies. (The magic number 3 can be increased by recompiling -the Lout source with the @F MAX_HCOPIES constant increased.) -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hexp b/doc/doc/expert/pre_hexp deleted file mode 100644 index 937e746..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hexp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@HExpand" and "@VExpand" } - @Tag { hexpand } -@Begin -@PP -hexpand. @Index { @@HExpand symbol } -vexpand. @Index { @@VExpand symbol } -expansion @Index { Expansion of object } -The @@HExpand symbol causes its right parameter to be as wide as it -possibly could be without violating a @@Wide symbol or intruding into -the space occupied by neighbouring gaps or objects. The @@VExpand -symbol is similar, but it affects height. For example, in the object -@ID @Code { -"8i @Wide 11i @High {" -" //1i ||1i @HExpand @VExpand x ||1i" -" //1i" -"}" -} -object @Code x could have any size up to six inches wide by nine inches -high, so the @@HExpand and @@VExpand symbols cause it to have exactly -this size. This is important, for example, if @Code x contains -@Code "|1rt" or {@Code "/1rt"}; without the expansion these might not -move as far across or down as expected. -@PP -As Section {@NumberOf size} explains in detail, most objects are -already as large as they possibly could be. Consequently these symbols -are needed only rarely. @@HExpand includes a @@OneCol effect, and -@@VExpand includes a @@OneRow effect. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hlim b/doc/doc/expert/pre_hlim deleted file mode 100644 index ccf9548..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hlim +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@HLimited" and "@VLimited" } - @Tag { hlimited } -@Begin -@PP -hlimited. @Index { @@HLimited symbol } -vlimited. @Index { @@VLimited symbol } -The @@HLimited symbol limits the width available to recursive -and receptive symbols within its right parameter to whatever -is available without increasing the existing size of the -@@HLimited object. So this symbol acts like @@Wide with -respect to limiting the space occupied by recursive and receptive -symbols, except that instead of enforcing a fixed constant limit, -it enforces whatever size is already in place. -@PP -The @@VLimited symbol is exactly the same, except that it -applies vertically rather than horizontally. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hmir b/doc/doc/expert/pre_hmir deleted file mode 100644 index 147589f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hmir +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@HMirror" and "@VMirror" } - @Tag { hmirror } -@Begin -@PP -hmirro. @Index { @@HMirror symbol } -vmirro. @Index { @@VMirror symbol } -mirroring @Index { Mirroring an object } -reflecting @Index { Reflecting an object } -@@HMirror and @@VMirror cause their right parameter to be reflected, -either horizontally or vertically. For example, -@ID @Code { -"@HMirror AMBULANCE" -} -has result -@ID @HMirror AMBULANCE -and -@ID @Code { -"@VMirror AMBULANCE" -} -has result -@ID @VMirror AMBULANCE -The parameters of these symbols may be arbitrary Lout objects as usual. -Both symbols have both a @@OneCol and a @@OneRow effect. -@PP -In each case the reflection is about the mark of the object (that is, -the reflected objects have the same marks as the originals), so that, -for example, when used within a line of text the results are -@HMirror AMBULANCE and @VMirror AMBULANCE respectively. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hsca b/doc/doc/expert/pre_hsca deleted file mode 100644 index e224685..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hsca +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@HScale" and "@VScale" } - @Tag { hscale } -@Begin -@PP -hscale. @Index { @@HScale symbol } -vscale. @Index { @@VScale symbol } -scaling @Index { Scaling of object } -@@HScale causes its right parameter to expand to fill the space available, -by geometricallly scaling it: -@ID @Code { -"4i @Wide @HScale { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 }" -} -has result -@ID { -4i @Wide @HScale { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 } -} -and -@ID @Code { -"0.5i @Wide @HScale { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 }" -} -has result -@ID { -0.5i @Wide @HScale { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 } -} -@@HScale first applies @@HContract to its parameter, then horizontally -scales it to the actual size. The principal mark of the right parameter -has no effect on the result; the parameter is scaled to the actual size -and positioned to fill the space available. (Taking account of alignment -of the principal mark only causes trouble in practice.) -@PP -@@VScale is similar, but in a vertical direction. @@HScale and @@VScale -each have both a @@OneCol and a @@OneRow effect. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hshi b/doc/doc/expert/pre_hshi deleted file mode 100644 index 6d28222..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_hshi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@HShift" and "@VShift" } - @Tag { hshift } -@Begin -@PP -The @@HShift symbol -hshift.sym @Index { @@HShift symbol } -returns its right parameter with principal mark shifted as prescribed -by its left parameter: -@IL - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code + & @I length @@HShift @I object } -|2m Principal mark shifted to the right by {@I length}; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @Code - & @I length @@HShift @I object } -|2m Principal mark shifted to the left by {@I length}; -} - -@LI { -2i @Wide { |1rt @I length @@HShift @I object } -|2m Principal mark shifted so as to lie @I length to the right -of the left edge of {@I object}; -} - -@EL -In each chase @@HShift includes a @@OneCol effect. -@PP -The units of measurement of @I length may be {@Code "c"}, {@Code "i"}, -{@Code "p"}, {@Code "m"}, {@Code "f"}, {@Code "s"}, {@Code "v"}, or -{@Code "w"}. In the latter case, @Code "1w" is taken to be the width -of the right parameter, so that, for example, @Code "0.5w @HShift" will -centre the principal column mark within the right parameter. -@PP -vshift.sym @Index { @@VShift symbol } -The @@VShift symbol is similar except that it applies vertically to the -principal row mark: @Code + & @I length shifts it down, @Code - & @I -length shifts it up, and @I length shifts it to @I length below the top -edge of the object. With @@VShift, @Code "1w" is taken to be the height -of the right parameter. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_incg b/doc/doc/expert/pre_incg deleted file mode 100644 index a370c5c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_incg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@IncludeGraphic" and "@SysIncludeGraphic" } - @Tag { includegraphic } -@Begin -@PP -includegraphic.sym @Index { @@IncludeGraphic symbol } -sysincludegraphic.sym @Index { @@SysIncludeGraphic symbol } -postscript.includegraphic @SubIndex { used by @@IncludeGraphic } -These symbols instruct Lout to incorporate a separately created -illustration: -@ID @Code "@IncludeGraphic \"myportrait.eps\"" -The parameter is implementation-dependent; in Basser Lout it is an -object whose value is a simple word denoting the name of a file. This -file should ideally be a PostScript EPS Version 3.0 file -@Cite { $adobe1990ps }, since then Lout will keep careful track of what -resources are required for printing that file. However, any PostScript -file containing the @Code "%%BoundingBox:" comment and not requiring -unusual resources is likely to work. -@PP -The result of @@IncludeGraphic is an ordinary Lout object with marks -through its centre. It may be rotated, scaled, and generally -treated like any other object. Basser Lout determines its size by -consulting the bounding box information in the file. If this cannot be -found, a warning message is printed and the result object has zero size. -@PP -@@IncludeGraphic searches the same directories that @@Include does -(Section {@NumberOf include}). @@SysIncludeGraphic is the same as -@@IncludeGraphic, except that it searches only the directories searched -by @@SysInclude. -@PP -If the file name ends in any of {@Code ".gz"}, {@Code "-gz"}, {@Code ".z"}, -{@Code "-z"}, {@Code "_z"}, or {@Code ".Z"}, the file will first be -uncompressed using the @Code "gunzip" command into a temporary file -called @Code "lout.eps" in the current directory. This file is removed -immediately after it is copied into the output file. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_incl b/doc/doc/expert/pre_incl deleted file mode 100644 index 8a73a49..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_incl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { include } - @Title { "@Include and @SysInclude" } -@Begin -@PP -include.sym @Index { @@Include symbol } -sysinclude.sym @Index { @@SysInclude symbol } -These symbols instruct Lout to temporarily switch to reading another -file, whose name appears in braces following the symbol. For example, -@ID @Code { -"@Include { \"/usr/lout/langdefs\" }" -} -will cause the contents of file "/usr/lout/langdefs" to be read at the -point it occurs. After that file is read, the current file is resumed. The -included file may contain arbitrary Lout text, including other -@@Include commands. The file is searched for first in the current -directory, then in a sequence of standard places which are not necessarily the -same places that databases are searched for. @@SysInclude searches the -standard places only. -@PP -From Version 3.27, a special behaviour has been instituted when an -attempt is made to @@Include or @@SysInclude the same file twice. -If a second or subsequent attempt occurs after the end of definitions, -@@Use clauses, and @@Database clauses (i.e. if it occurs within the -content of the document), it will go ahead, thus allowing the -repeated inclusion of files containing objects -- not necessarily -recommended, but certainly one way of repeating information. But -if a second or subsequent attempt occurs within the region of -definitions, @@Use clauses, and @@Database clauses, then that attempt -will be silently ignored. -@PP -This behaviour is useful for situations where two packages -depend on a third, caled, say, {@Code C }. We can then place -@ID @Code "@SysInclude { C }" -at the start of both packages. If neither package is included, then -{@Code C} won't be either. But if one or both is included, then -{@Code C} will be included just once at the start of the first. -Any pattern of acyclic dependencies between packages can be -expressed with this mechanism, just by including every package -that a given package depends on at the start of the file containing -that package. Cyclic dependencies are beyond Lout's one-pass -comprehension anyway. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_incr b/doc/doc/expert/pre_incr deleted file mode 100644 index 9145bec..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_incr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" and "@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated" } - @Tag { includegraphicrepeated } -@Begin -@PP -includegraphicrepeated.sym @Index { @@IncludeGraphicRepeated symbol } -sysincludegraphicrepeated.sym @Index { @@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated symbol } -postscript.includegraphicrepeated @SubIndex { used by @@IncludeGraphicRepeated } -These symbols, which are allowed only at the start of a document, tell -Lout that the EPS file named is likely to be included repeatedly: -@ID @Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated { myportrait.eps }" -To actually see the graphic you use @@IncludeGraphic as usual. The -purpose of @@IncludeGraphicRepeated is not to display the graphic but -rather to instruct Lout to include its EPS file in the output file just -once, at the start, rather than over and over again for every time it -appears in an @@IncludeGraphic, as would otherwise occur. -@PP -Any number of @@IncludeGraphicRepeated and @@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated -directives may appear at the start of the document. The files involved -may be compressed as for @@IncludeGraphic. The file names given within -@@IncludeGraphicRepeated must be identical to the name used within the -corresponding @@IncludeGraphic symbols, or else the @@IncludeGraphicRepeated -will be ineffective. If @@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated is used (as opposed -to @@IncludeGraphicRepeated) then all corresponding includes must use -@@SysIncludeGraphic rather than @@IncludeGraphic. -@PP -Use of @@IncludeGraphicRepeated does not change the appearance of -the output at all, but, if the EPS file would otherwise be included -many times over, the result will be a much shorter PostScript file -which will usually print significantly faster as well. However, Lout -uses Level 2 PostScript features to implement @@IncludeGraphicRepeated, -which may not be available in some old printers, and the contents of the -EPS file have to be stored in the printer for the entire duration of the -print job, so there is a risk that memory will run out if -@@IncludeGraphicRepeated is used. -@PP -The implementation of @@IncludeGraphicRepeated uses code given by -the authors of PostScript which employs PostScript forms to save -the EPS files @Cite { $adobe1996epsforms }. Lout's version of this code -is somewhat modified, partly for simplicity and partly to correct a -possible bug caused by their use of a single filter to read all the -EPS files, rather than a separate filter for each one. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_inse b/doc/doc/expert/pre_inse deleted file mode 100644 index e981359..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_inse +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Insert" } - @Tag { insert } -@Begin -@PP -insert.sym @Index { @@Insert symbol } -The @@Insert symbol inserts its left parameter at the beginning of the -first paragraph of its right parameter: -@ID @Code "X @Insert { A B // C // D }" -is equivalent to -@ID @Code "{ XA B // C // D }" -Notice that a zero-width space separates @Code { X } from the first -paragraph, so if some wider space is required it must be placed at the -end of @Code { X }. The @Code "@Insert" operation is applied to the -value of the right parameter after evaluation. -@PP -The only known use for this symbol is to attach something like -@B { Figure 6 } to the front of a multi-paragraph caption. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_kshr b/doc/doc/expert/pre_kshr deleted file mode 100644 index 517cb89..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_kshr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@KernShrink" } - @Tag { kernshrink } -@Begin -@PP -kernshrink. @Index { @@KernShrink symbol } -This symbol returns its right parameter unchanged in appearance but -occupying a slightly smaller bounding box. The reduction is by the -amount of kerning that would be applied if the right parameter was -immediately @I followed by the left parameter. For example, -@ID @Code ". @KernShrink P" -has result -@ID @Box margin { 0c } { . @KernShrink P } -where a box of size 0 has been drawn around the result to make its -extent clear. Compare this with `P' alone: -@ID @Box margin { 0c } { P } -in which the bounding box exactly encloses the object, or at least -is supposed to. The bounding box is smaller on the right by the -amount of kerning that would be applied between `P' and `.'. -@PP -The only known use for this symbol is to produce tucked-in subscripts -in the Eq equation formatting package. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_lang b/doc/doc/expert/pre_lang deleted file mode 100644 index 50d3539..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_lang +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Language" and "@CurrLang" } - @Tag { language } -@Begin -@PP -The @@Language symbol informs Lout that its right parameter is written -language.sym @Index { @@Language symbol } -in the language of its left parameter: -@ID @Code "Danish @Language { ... }" -Basser Lout Version 3 uses this information in two ways: to hyphenate -words appropriately to that language, and to change the value of the -@@CurrLang symbol (see below). Other uses, such as right-to-left -formatting of certain languages, may be added in the future. -@PP -The left parameter must either be empty (which means to leave the current -language unchanged) or else it must have been given in a @Code "langdef" -langdef.sym @Index { @Code langdef language definition } -language definition at the beginning of the input: -@ID { -@Code "langdef Danish Dansk {" @I implementation-dependent @Code "}" -} -After @Code "langdef" comes a sequence of one or more simple words, -which are alternative names for the language being defined. Following -them comes an implementation-dependent part between braces. In Basser -Lout Version 3 this part contains the name of the Lout hyphenation -information file (minus its .lh suffix) to be used when hyphenating -words in this language, followed by a sequence of words which define -the ends of sentences. For example: -@ID @Code "langdef English { english . : ? ! .) ?) !) }" -defines a language called English with hyphenation patterns file -{@Code english.lh} and seven ways to end a sentence. The use of -these sentence endings is described in Section {@NumberOf space}. If -there is no hyphenation file available, this is indicated by writing -@Code "-" for the file name; if there are no sentence ends, they are -simply omitted. -@PP -The @@CurrLang symbol, which has no parameters, evaluates to the first -currlang.sym @Index { @@CurrLang symbol } -name given in the @Code "langdef" of the language in force at the point -where it is invoked: -@ID @Code "Dansk @Language { This is @CurrLang. }" -has result -@ID { Dansk @Language { This is @CurrLang. } } -It is typically used with the @@Case symbol like this: -@ID @Code { -"@CurrLang @Case {" -" Danish @Yield tirsdag" -" English @Yield Tuesday" -" French @Yield Mardi" -"}" -} -This example evaluates to the name of the third day of the week in the -current language. -@PP -The current language is part of the style of an object, like its -font. As explained in Section {@NumberOf size}, style is inherited -through the point of appearance, which for language can be -unexpected. For example, an index entry which originates in a French -chapter but appears in an English index will have English for its -language, so must be explicitly set to French using @@Language. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_link b/doc/doc/expert/pre_link deleted file mode 100644 index d11d44f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_link +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@LinkSource", "@LinkDest", and "@URLLink" } - @Tag { link_source } -@Begin -@PP -The two symbols @@LinkSource and @@LinkDest -link.source.sym @Index { @@LinkSource symbol } -link.dest.sym @Index { @@LinkDest symbol } -work together to create @I { cross links } in a document, that is, points -where a user viewing the document on screen can click and be transported to -another point in the document. We call the point where the user -clicks the @I source of the link, and the point where the user -arrives the @I destination of the link. -@PP -To create a source point, place -@ID { @I tag @Code "@LinkSource" @I object } -at some point in the document, where the value of @I tag is a legal -cross reference tag, and @I object is an arbitrary Lout object. The -result of this is just {@I object}, but if the user of a screen -viewer clicks on any point within the rectangular bounding box -of that object, a link will be entered. -@PP -At present, @I object above is treated as though it were enclosed -in @@OneCol. This means that a long link source or destination point -will not break over two lines as part of an enclosing paragraph. -@PP -To create a destination point, place -@ID { @I tag @Code "@LinkDest" @I object } -at some point in the document. Again, @I tag must evaluate to a -legal cross reference tag, and @I object may be any Lout -object. All @Code "@LinkSource" symbols whose -tag is equal to this one are linked to this destination point. -@PP -For every source point there must be exactly one destination point with -the same tag, otherwise it will not be clear where the link is -supposed to take the user. Lout will print a warning if this -condition is violated anywhere; it will refuse to insert a -destination point with the same name as a previous one, but it is not -able to refrain from inserting a source point with no corresponding -destination point, and such points must cause errors of some kind when -viewed (exactly what error will depend on the viewer). -@PP -The @@URLLink symbol is similar to @@LinkSource in being the -source point of a link, but instead of a tag you supply a URL -to some other document altogether: -@ID @Code { -"\"http://snark.ptc.spbu.ru/~uwe/lout/lout.html\" @URLLink { Lout Home Page }" -} -The URL will need to be enclosed in quotes, because of the "/" -characters which are otherwise taken to be concatenation operations. As -for @@LinkSource, the result is just the object to the right, like this: -@ID { "http://snark.ptc.spbu.ru/~uwe/lout/lout.html" @URLLink { Lout Home Page } } -but if the user clicks on this object on the screen they enter a -link that takes them to the given URL location, assuming that -the software which they are using to display the document is -clever enough to do this. -@PP -For the purposes of @@Common, @@Rump, and @@Meld, two @@LinkSource -objects are considered to be equal if their right parameters are -equal; the left parameters are not considered. This behaviour is -needed, for example, to make index entries look reasonable when -melded. If two @@LinkSource objects with equal right parameters but -different left parameters are melded into one, one of the two will -be the result, but which one is undefined. Notice that melding -cannot produce an undefined link, since the worst it can do is -delete a @@LinkSource. -@PP -Practically speaking, the right parameters of @@LinkSource -and @@URLLink need to be non-null, non-empty objects, since -otherwise there is nothing visible for the user to click on. -(This condition is not checked or enforced by Lout.) However, -the right parameter of @@LinkDest could reasonably be empty -or null. Usually, when @@Null lies inside a non-concatenation -object, for example -@ID "@OneCol @Null" -the effect of the @@Null is lost -- the result in this example -is equivalent to an empty object. However, when the right -parameter of @@LinkDest is @@Null: -@ID "@LinkDest @Null" -or when it is some object treated like @@Null by Lout (e.g. -a @@Tagged symbol), then the @@LinkDest itself has the effect -on surrounding concatentation operators that @@Null has, -allowing it to be made effectively invisible in the printed -document, though still really there. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_mome b/doc/doc/expert/pre_mome deleted file mode 100644 index d4d377c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_mome +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Moment" } - @Tag { moment } -@Begin -@PP -The predefined symbol @@Moment -moment.sym @Index { @@Moment symbol } -has the following definition: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Moment" -" named @Tag {}" -" named @Second {}" -" named @Minute {}" -" named @Hour {}" -" named @Day {}" -" named @Month {}" -" named @Year {}" -" named @Century {}" -" named @WeekDay {}" -" named @YearDay {}" -" named @DaylightSaving {}" -"{}" -} -It may be used like any other symbol. Lout provides an invocation of -@@Moment with tag {@Code now}, whose other parameters are numbers -encoding the current date and time: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@Second" } - B { the current second, usually between 00 and 59 } -@Rowa - A { "@Minute" } - B { the current minute, between 00 and 59 } -@Rowa - A { "@Hour" } - B { the current hour, between 00 and 23 } -@Rowa - A { "@Day" } - B { the current day of the month, between 1 and 31 } -@Rowa - A { "@Month" } - B { the current month, between 1 (January) and 12 (December) } -@Rowa - A { "@Year" } - B { the current year of the century, between 00 and 99 } -@Rowa - A { "@Century" } - B { the current century, e.g. 19 or 20 } -@Rowa - A { "@WeekDay" } - B { the current day of the week, between 1 (Sunday) and 7 (Saturday) } -@Rowa - A { "@YearDay" } - B { the current day of the year, between 0 and 365 } -@Rowa - A { "@DaylightSaving" } - B { an implementation-dependent number that may encode the -daylight saving currently in effect } -} -date @Index { Date, printing of current } -Unix manual entries state that @Code "@Second" can be as high as 61, to -allow for leap seconds. Judicious use of databases can convert these -numbers into useful dates. For example, -@ID @Code { -"@Moment&&now @Open { @Day {@Months&&@Month}, @Century{@Year} }" -} -produces something like -@Moment&&now @Open { @Day {@Months&&@Month}, @Century{@Year} } -given a suitable database of months. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_next b/doc/doc/expert/pre_next deleted file mode 100644 index c65d7db..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_next +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Next" } - @Tag { next } -@Begin -@PP -next.sym @Index { @@Next symbol } -The @@Next symbol returns its parameter -plus one. It is rather clever at working this out: it hunts through -the parameter from right to left, looking for a number to increment: -@ID @Code { -"@Next (3.99)" -} -has result {@Next (3.99)}. If @@Next cannot find a digit inside -its parameter, it is an error. Roman numerals are handled by storing -them in a database, as explained in Section {@NumberOf paras}; -@@Next will not increment a Roman numeral. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_notr b/doc/doc/expert/pre_notr deleted file mode 100644 index 169faeb..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_notr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@NotRevealed" } - @Tag { notrevealed } -@Begin -@PP -The @@NotRevealed symbol -notrevealed.sym @Index { @@NotRevealed symbol } -exerts fine control over the process of expanding receptive symbols. It -may appear only within the body of a definition, immediately following -the name of a receptive symbol. For example: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def A { @Galley }" -"" -"def B { @Galley }" -"" -"def ABList" -"{" -" A" -" // B @NotRevealed" -" // ABList" -"}" -} -The meaning is that the symbol immediately preceding @@NotRevealed, @Code B -in this example, is not revealed to galleys which encounter @Code "ABList" -while searching for targets; to such galleys it appears that @Code "ABList" -contains @Code A only, not {@Code B}, hence only galleys targeted to -@Code A will expand {@Code "ABList"}. However, after @Code "ABList" -is expanded by such a galley, @Code B will be available as a target in -the usual way. -@PP -Apart from this meaning, @@NotRevealed has no effect at all, and the -body of the definition may be understood by deleting @@NotRevealed and -any preceding space. Thus, the symbol preceding @@NotRevealed may have -named and right parameters in the usual way; these would follow after -the @@NotRevealed symbol. -@PP -This symbol was introduced to overcome a problem with floating figures -treated as displays. It turned out to be essential to specify the -layout of a column (in part) as -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@BodyTextPlace" -"// @FigurePlace" -"// @BodyTextPlace" -"// @FigurePlace" -"// @BodyTextPlace" -"..." -} -so that figures could alternate with body text down the column. However, -some means was needed to ensure that in the absence of any figures there -could only be one @Code "@BodyTextPlace" in the column, since otherwise -various problems arose, for example the @Code "@NP" symbol merely causing -a skip from one @Code "@BodyTextPlace" to the next in the same column, -rather than to the first in the next column. Also, without this feature -the optimal page breaker's attempts to end a column early would be -frustrated by Lout then discovering that plenty of space existed at a -following @Code "@BodyTextPlace" in the same column. The solution is -based on @Code "ABList" above; each occurrence of @Code "@BodyTextPlace" -after a @Code "@FigurePlace" is not revealed in the enclosing definition, -and so cannot be found by body text galleys unless a figure has -previously attached to the preceding {@Code "@FigurePlace"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_null b/doc/doc/expert/pre_null deleted file mode 100644 index 7b97081..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_null +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Null" } - @Tag { null } -@Begin -@PP -This symbol -null.sym @Index { @@Null symbol } -provides a convenient way to remove unwanted -concatenation symbols. If there is a concatenation symbol -preceding @@Null, the @@Null and the -concatenation symbol are both deleted. Otherwise, if there is a -following concatenation symbol, it and the @@Null are both deleted. -Otherwise, @@Null becomes an empty object. -@PP -These rules apply to a fully parenthesized version of the expression. For -example, in -@ID @Code { -"... //1vx @Null |0.5i ..." -} -it is the horizontal concatenation symbol following @@Null that -disappears, because in the fully parenthesized version -@ID @Code { -"... //1vx { @Null |0.5i ... }" -} -there is no concatenation symbol preceding the @@Null. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_oneo b/doc/doc/expert/pre_oneo deleted file mode 100644 index bc662cb..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_oneo +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@OneOf" } - @Tag { oneof } -@Begin -@PP -oneof.sym @Index { @@OneOf symbol } -The @@OneOf symbol returns one of the sequence of objects which is -its right parameter as its result: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@OneOf { - @ResultA - @ResultB - @ResultC -} -} -The choice is made to ensure that whatever galley target is required -at the moment is found. For example, if we are evaluating @@OneOf -as part of an attempt to attach a galley whose target is -{@Code "@SomeTarget"}, then the result above will be -{@Code "@ResultA"} if it contains {@Code "@SomeTarget"}, or else -{@Code "@ResultB"} if it contains {@Code "@SomeTarget"}, or else -{@Code "@ResultC"} (whether or not it contains the target, or -if there is no target). -@PP -Use of @@OneOf in conjunction with recursive symbols can lead -to problems. Consider this example: -@ID @Code { -"def @Recursive {" -"" -" def @ChoiceA { @APlace // @Recursive }" -"" -" def @ChoiceB { @BPlace // @Recursive }" -"" -" @OneOf {" -" @ChoiceA" -" @ChoiceB" -" }" -"}" -} -Lout believes that expanding @Code "@Recursive" is the right thing -to do when searching for either of the galley targets {@Code "@APlace"} -and {@Code "@BPlace"}. When searching for @Code "@BPlace" this leads -Lout to expand {@Code "@Recursive"}, then {@Code "@ChoiceA"}, then -the {@Code "@Recursive"} symbol within {@Code "@ChoiceA"}, and so on -infinitely. This problem can be avoided by attaching a -@Code "@NotRevealed" symbol to each of the inner @Code "@Recursive" -symbols: these are then not available for expansion until a -decision has been made to expand the symbol they lie within. In -this particular example it would be simpler to write -@ID @Code { -"def @Recursive {" -"" -" @OneOf {" -" @APlace" -" @BPlace" -" }" -" // @Recursive" -"}" -} -but this factoring is not possible when the recursive calls have -parameters that are required to differ in the two cases. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_oner b/doc/doc/expert/pre_oner deleted file mode 100644 index 7e0dbce..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_oner +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@OneCol" and "@OneRow" } - @Tag { onerow } -@Begin -@PP -The @@OneRow symbol -onerow.sym @Index { @@OneRow symbol } -principal.mark.effect @SubIndex { effect on @@OneCol and @@OneRow } -returns its right parameter modified so that only the principal row mark -protrudes. This is normally the first row mark, but another one may be -chosen by preceding it with @Code "^/" or {@Code "^//"}. For example, -@ID @Code { -"@OneRow { |0.5rt Slope @Font x + 2 ^//1p @HLine //1p |0.5rt 5 }" -} -has result -@LP -@ID { -@ShowMarks -@OneRow { |0.5rt Slope @Font x + 2 ^//1p @HLine //1p |0.5rt 5 } -} -@LP -with one row mark protruding from the bar as shown. Compare this with -@ID @Code { -"@OneRow { |0.5rt Slope @Font x + 2 //1p @HLine //1p |0.5rt 5 }" -} -where the mark protrudes from the numerator: -@LP -@ID { -@ShowMarks -@OneRow { |0.5rt Slope @Font x + 2 //1p @HLine //1p |0.5rt 5 } -} -onecol.sym @Index { @@OneCol symbol } -@@OneCol has the same effect on columns as @@OneRow does on rows, with -the symbols @Code "^|" and @Code "^||" (or {@Code "^&"}) determining -which mark is chosen. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_open b/doc/doc/expert/pre_open deleted file mode 100644 index d332570..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_open +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Open and @Use" } - @Tag { open } -@Begin -@PP -The @@Open symbol -open.sym @Index { @@Open symbol } -takes a cross reference or symbol -invocation for its left parameter, and an arbitrary object, which must -be enclosed in braces, for its right parameter. The right parameter -may refer to the exported parameters and nested definitions of the invocation -denoted by the left parameter, and its value is the @@Open -symbol's result. The target of the cross reference may lie in an -external database (Section {@NumberOf database}). Any symbol available -outside the @@Open which happens to have the same name as one of the -symbols made available by the @@Open will be unavailable within the @@Open. -@PP -use.sym @Index { @@Use symbol } -The @@Use symbol is an @@Open symbol in a -different form. It may only appear among or after the definitions -in Lout's input, and it is equivalent to enclosing the remainder of the -input in an @@Open symbol. For example, -@ID @OneRow { - @I definitions -//1vx @Code "@Use" @Code "{" @I x @Code "}" -//1vx @Code "@Use" @Code "{" @I y @Code "}" -//1vx @I { rest of input } -} -is equivalent to -@ID @OneRow { - @I definitions -//1vx @I x @Code "@Open" -//1vx @Code "{" &4mt @I y @Code "@Open" -//1vx &4mt @Code "{" @I { rest of input } -//1vx &4mt @Code "}" -//1vx @Code "}" -} -The @@Use symbol allows a set of standard packages to be opened without -the inconvenience of enclosing the entire document in @@Open symbols. Such -enclosure could cause Basser Lout to run out of memory. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_outl b/doc/doc/expert/pre_outl deleted file mode 100644 index f62ec9f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_outl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Outline" } - @Tag { outline } -@Begin -@PP -The @@Outline symbol -outline.sym @Index { @@Outline symbol } -causes all the words in the right parameter (which may be an -arbitrary object) to be printed in outline, rather than filled as -is usual. For example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { @Outline @Box 24p @Font HELP } -produces -@ID @Outline @Box 24p @Font HELP -Outlining is part of the style information, in the same way as -colour, font, underlining, and so forth. Outlining can be applied -to any font likely to be used in practice. At the time of writing, -there is no way to control the thickness of the outline, and -@@Outline has no effect in PDF output. The size of outlined -words is taken by Lout to be the same as if they had not been -outlined, even though they are in reality slightly larger. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_page b/doc/doc/expert/pre_page deleted file mode 100644 index cccff13..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_page +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { pagelabel } - @Title { "@PageLabel" } -@Begin -@PP -pagelabel.sym @Index { @@PageLabel symbol } -The @@PageLabel symbol associates a page label in the PostScript -output file with the page within which (or just before which) the symbol -occurs, so that PostScript viewers are able to index the page -by this label. (The label is printed in the @Code "%%Page" comment -preceding the page in the PostScript output file.) For example, -@ID @Code "@PageLabel iv" -associates the label @Code "iv" with the page. The label may be -an arbitrary object; if its value is not a simple word, it will -be replaced by {@Code "?"}. -@PP -@@PageLabel is unrelated to Lout's cross referencing mechanism; -it is for communicating a label to the PostScript output file, not to -other parts of Lout. The result of @@PageLabel is a null object. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_plai b/doc/doc/expert/pre_plai deleted file mode 100644 index 1f0319e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_plai +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@PlainGraphic" } - @Tag { plaingraphic } -@Begin -@PP -plaingraphic.sym @Index { @@PlainGraphic symbol } -The @@PlainGraphic symbol is avery rudimentary analogue for plain text -output of the @@Graphic symbol for PostScript output. Its result is -its right parameter printed on a background created by repeated -printings of its left parameter, which must be a simple word. For -example, -@ID @Verbatim { "." @PlainGraphic 5s @Wide } -would produce five dots. @@PlainGraphic is used in the @Code tbl -table-drawing package to produce plain-text rules. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_prep b/doc/doc/expert/pre_prep deleted file mode 100644 index 600a1c5..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_prep +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { prependgraphic } - @Title { "@PrependGraphic and @SysPrependGraphic" } -@Begin -@PP -prependgraphic.sym @Index { @@PrependGraphic symbol } -sysprependgraphic.sym @Index { @@SysPrependGraphic symbol } -postscript.prependgraphic @SubIndex { used by @@PrependGraphic } -These symbols, which may appear anywhere that a definition or @@Use -symbol may appear, tell Lout to include the contents of a file in the -preamble of its output. For Basser Lout this means that the file must -contain PostScript (and ideally it would begin and end with the -@Code "%%BeginResource" and @Code "%%EndResource" comments of -DSC 3.0). For example, -@ID @Code { -"@SysPrependGraphic { diagf.lpg }" -} -appears at the start of the Diag package; the file @Code diagf.lpg -contains a number of PostScript definitions used by Diag for drawing -diagrams. It saves a lot of space to include them just once at the -start like this, rather than with every diagram. @@PrependGraphic and -@@SysPrependGraphic search for the file in the same places as @@Include and -@@SysInclude respectively. -@PP -If the same file name appears in two @@PrependGraphic or -@@SysPrependGraphic symbols, the second occurrence is -silently ignored. This allows several packages to share -PostScript resources: each includes the appropriate prepend file, -but in the end only one copy ot it is printed to Lout's output. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_rota b/doc/doc/expert/pre_rota deleted file mode 100644 index 00e28ff..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_rota +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Rotate" } - @Tag { rotate } -@Begin -@PP -rotate.sym @Index { @@Rotate symbol } -rotation @Index { Rotation of object } -The @@Rotate symbol will rotate its -right parameter counterclockwise an amount given in degrees (positive or -negative) by its left parameter. For example, -@ID @Code { -"30d @Rotate { hello, world }" -} -has result -@ID { -30d @Rotate { hello, world } -} -Before rotating the object, @@OneCol and @@OneRow are applied to it. The -result is a rectangle whose marks pass through the point where the -original marks crossed: -@ID { - @ShowMarks - { 0.6c @Wide 0.3c @High ^| 2.2c @Wide ^/ 0.2c @High } - -&4m => &4m - - @ShowMarks - { - 30d @Rotate - { @ShowMarks - { 0.6c @Wide 0.3c @High ^| 2.2c @Wide ^/ 0.2c @High } - } - } -} -As this example shows, rotation by an angle other than a multiple of -ninety degrees introduces quite a lot of white space. So, for example, the -result of -@ID { -@Code { "-30d" "@Rotate" 30d "@Rotate" } @I object -} -is a much larger object than {@I object}, despite the fact that one -rotation cancels the other. -@PP -Rotation of objects containing receptive and recursive symbols is -permitted, but for angles other than multiples of ninety degrees it is -best to make the size of the rotated object clear with @@Wide and -@@High symbols: -@ID @Code { -"30d @Rotate 5i @Wide 4i @High" -"{ //1i @TextPlace" -" //1i" -"}" -} -This is because for angles other than multiples of ninety degrees the -space available for @Code "@TextPlace" to occupy is indeterminate, and -the result is poor. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_rump b/doc/doc/expert/pre_rump deleted file mode 100644 index 89aeee6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_rump +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { {"@Common"}, {"@Rump"}, and "@Meld" } - @Tag { rump } -@Begin -@PP -common.sym @Index { @@Common symbol } -rump.sym @Index { @@Rump symbol } -meld.sym @Index { @@Meld symbol } -The @@Common and @@Rump symbols compare two paragraph objects: -@ID @Code "{ Aardvark, 29 } @Common { Aardvark, 359 }" -If either parameter is not a paragraph object, it is converted into -a single-object paragraph first. The result of @@Common is the -common prefix of the two paragraphs; that is, those initial objects -which are equal in the two paragraphs. In the example above, the -result is {@Code "Aardvark,"}. The result of @@Rump is that part of -the second object which is not included in @@Common; the result of -@ID @Code "{ Aardvark, 29 } @Rump { Aardvark, 359 }" -is {@Code "359"}. -@PP -If the two objects have nothing in common, the result of @@Common will -be an empty object and the result of @@Rump will be the second -object. If the two objects are identical, the result of @@Common will -be the first object, and the result of @@Rump will be an empty object. -@PP -The only known use for @@Rump and @@Common is to implement merged index -entries (Section {@NumberOf sorted}). -@PP -The @@Meld symbol returns the minimum meld of two paragraphs, that -is, the shortest paragraph that contains the two original paragraphs -as subsequences. For example, -@ID @Code "{ Aardvark , 1 , 2 } @Meld { Aardvark , 2 , 3 }" -produces -@ID { Aardvark , 1 , 2 } @Meld { Aardvark , 2 , 3 } -The result is related to the well-known longest common substring, in -that the meld contains everything not in the lcs plus one copy of -everything in the lcs. Where there are several minimum melds, @@Meld -returns the one in which the components of the first parameter are as -far left as possible. -@PP -Determining the values of all these symbols requires testing whether -one component of the first paragraph is equal to one component of the -second. Since Version 3.25, the objects involved may be arbitrary -and Lout will perform the necessary detailed checking for equality; -previously, only simple words were guaranteed to be tested correctly. -Two words are equal if they contain the same sequence of characters, -regardless of whether they are enclosed in quotes, and regardless -of the current font or any other style information. Otherwise, -objects are equal if they are of the same type and have the same -parameters, including gaps in concatenation objects. The sole -exception is @@LinkSource, whose left parameter is ignored during -equality testing, since otherwise there would be problems in the -appearance of melded clickable index entries. -@PP -Style changing operations (@@Font, @@SetColour etc.) are not considered -in equality testing, since these have been processed and deleted by the -time that the tests are done. Also, Lout tries hard to get rid of -redundant braces around concatenation objects, which is why -@ID @Code "{ a { b c } } @Meld { { a b } c }" -produces -@ID { { a { b c } } @Meld { { a b } c } } -The two parameters are equal by the time they are compared by @@Meld. -@PP -One problematic area in the use of these operators is the definition -of equality when objects are immediately adjacent. Lout contains an -optimization which merges immediately adjacent words whenever they -have the same style. For example, -@ID @Code "{Hello}{world}" -would be treated internally as one word, whereas -@ID @Code "{Hello}{yellow @Colour world}" -would be treated as two adjacent words. Thus, although @@Font, -@@SetColour, and the other style operators are ignored in equality -testing, they may affect the structure of the objects they lie -within. -@PP -At present, @@Common and @@Rump treat all unmerged components of -their paragraph as separate, even if one is immediately adjacent -to another. @@Common and @@Rump would thus see one component in -the first example and two in the second. @@Meld treats each group -of immediately adjacent components as a single component, so it -would see one component in both examples; but it would still not -report them as equal, since one is a single word and the other is a -pair of adjacent words. These confusing and inconsistent properties -might be revised in the future. See Section {@NumberOf exa_inde} -for an example of the practical use of these operators, in which -very small unbreakable gaps are used to ensure that apparently -adjacent components are separate, and @@OneCol is used to prevent -the word merging optimization from taking effect when it would -otherwise cause trouble. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_scal b/doc/doc/expert/pre_scal deleted file mode 100644 index 1e1b1a3..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_scal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Scale" } - @Tag { scale } -@Begin -@PP -scale. @Index { @@Scale symbol } -This symbol geometrically scales its right parameter by the scale factor -given in its left parameter: -@ID @Code "1.0 @Scale Hello 2.0 @Scale Hello 0.5 @Scale Hello" -has result -@ID { 1.0 @Scale Hello 2.0 @Scale Hello 0.5 @Scale Hello } -The left parameter can be two scale factors, in which case the first -applies horizontally, and the second vertically: -@ID @Code "{0.5 2.0} @Scale Hello" -has result -@ID { {0.5 2.0} @Scale Hello } -The left parameter may be empty, in which case Lout will scale the -object by a common factor horizontally and vertically so as to occupy -all available horizontal space: -@ID @Code "{} @Scale { Hello world }" -has result -@LD {} @Scale { Hello world } -The right parameter may be any object. @@Scale has both a @@OneCol and -a @@OneRow effect, and the marks of the result coincide with the principal -marks of the right parameter. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_spac b/doc/doc/expert/pre_spac deleted file mode 100644 index f44d840..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_spac +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Space" } - @Tag { space } -@Begin -@PP -The @@Space symbol -space.sym @Index { @@Space symbol } -changes the value of the @Code s unit of measurement (Section -s.unit.space @SubIndex { and @@Space symbol } -{@NumberOf concatenation}) within its right parameter to the value -given by the left parameter: -@ID { -@Code "1c @Space { a b c d }" -} -has result -@ID { -1c @Space { a b c d } -} -As for the @@Break symbol, the left parameter of @@Space may be given -relative to the enclosing @Code s unit, and it may include a gap -mode. Note that the @@Font symbol also sets the @Code s unit. -@PP -The left parameter of the @@Space symbol may also hold any one of the -five special values {@Code lout}, {@Code compress}, {@Code separate}, -{@Code troff}, and {@Code tex}, which control the way in which Lout -treats white space separating two objects. The names {@Code troff} -and {@Code tex} indicate that the behaviour of these options is -inspired by these other document formatting systems. -@PP -The default setting, {@Code lout}, produces as many spaces in the output as -there are in the input. The {@Code compress} setting causes all sequences -of two or more white space characters to be treated the same as one white -space character. The {@Code separate} setting is like {@Code compress} -but also causes zero white spaces between two objects (but not within -one word) to be treated the same as one white space character. -@PP -The {@Code troff} setting is the same as {@Code lout} except that -wherever a sentence ends at the end of a line, one extra space is -added. Formally, when two objects are separated by white space -characters which include at least one newline character, and the -first object is a word ending in any one of a certain set of -sequences of characters, the extra space is added. The set of -sequences of characters depends on the current language and is defined -in the @Code langdef for that language (see Section {@NumberOf language}). -@PP -The {@Code tex} option is the most complicated. First, the -{@Code compress} option is applied. Then, at every sentence ending, -whether or not at the end of a line, one extra space is added. A -sentence ending is defined as for {@Code troff} except that, in addition -to the preceding word having to end in one of a certain set of sequences of -characters, the character preceding that sequence must exist and must -be a lower-case letter. A character is a lower-case letter if, in the -Lout Character Mapping file (Section {@NumberOf font}) associated with -the current font, an upper-case equivalent of the character is defined. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_span b/doc/doc/expert/pre_span deleted file mode 100644 index e527652..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_span +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@StartHSpan","@StartVSpan", "@StartHVSpan", "@HSpan", and "@VSpan" } - @Tag { hspan } -@Begin -@PP -starthspan. @Index { @@StartHSpan symbol } -startvspan. @Index { @@StartVSpan symbol } -starthvspan. @Index { @@StartHVSpan symbol } -hspan. @Index { @@HSpan symbol } -vspan. @Index { @@VSpan symbol } -These symbols work together to produce spanning columns and rows in -a more flexible way than is possible in practice with @Code "//" and -{@Code "||"}. An object -@ID @Code "@StartHSpan object" -causes @Code object to be printed, but occupying all the horizontal space -to the right on the row mark on which it lies up to and including the rightmost -@@HSpan symbol on that mark not preceded by @@StartHVSpan, @@StartHSpan, -@@StartVSpan, or @@VSpan. The column mark of this spanning object is not -constrained to align with any of the column marks of the columns it spans. -@PP -If there is no @@HSpan symbol anywhere to the right of @@StartHSpan, then -the object spans only its own column. This means that it occupies that -column as usual but its mark is not constrained to align with those of the -other objects in the column. -@PP -Similarly, the @@StartVSpan symbol causes its object to occupy all -the vertical space below it on the column mark on which it lies, down to and -including the bottommost @@VSpan symbol on that mark not preceded by a -@@StartHVSpan, @@StartHSpan, @@StartVSpan, or @@HSpan; and if there -is no @@VSpan symbol anywhere below it on that mark, then the object -spans only its own row, occupying its row but with its mark not constrained -to align with the row mark. -@PP -The @@StartHVSpan symbol combines the effects of @@StartHSpan and -@@StartVSpan, allowing an object to span both columns and rows -simultaneously. For example, in -@ID @Code { -"@StartHVSpan x | | @HSpan" -"/" -"@VSpan | |" -} -the object @Code x will occupy a rectangular area spanning three columns, -two rows, and the gaps between them. -@PP -The objects lying in the region spanned should all be empty, or the -@@HSpan and @@VSpan symbols can be used to document the spanning that -is occurring. At present there may be no galley targets or recursive symbols -within the right parameter of @@StartHSpan, @@StartVSpan, or -@@StartHVSpan. However, the right parameter may otherwise be an -arbitrary object, including paragraphs of text that require breaking. -@PP -If the right parameter of @@StartHSpan, @@StartVSpan, or @@StartHVSpan -occupies more horizontal or vertical space than all of the spanned columns -or rows combined require, the extra space goes into the last spanned column -or row. Overlapping spanning rows and columns are permitted. Gaps spanned -by span objects are unbreakable (their @Code "u" indicator is set -automatically and cannot be revoked). -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_tagg b/doc/doc/expert/pre_tagg deleted file mode 100644 index df6cdc3..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_tagg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Tagged" } - @Tag { tagged } -@Begin -@PP -The @@Tagged -tagged.sym @Index { @@Tagged symbol } -symbol takes a cross reference for its left parameter and an object, whose -value must be a juxtaposition of simple words, or several words, or an empty -object, for its right parameter. It has the effect of attaching its -right parameter as an additional tag to the invocation denoted by its -left parameter, unless the right parameter is empty, in which case @@Tagged -does nothing. The result of @@Tagged is always @@Null, which makes it -effectively invisible. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_text b/doc/doc/expert/pre_text deleted file mode 100644 index b3e9156..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_text +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@SetTexture" } - @Tag { texture } -@Begin -@PP -The @@SetTexture symbol -settexture.sym @Index { @@SetTexture symbol } -returns its right parameter in the texture specified by its left -parameter. A texture is a pattern used when filling areas to -get a texture rather than solid color. -@PP -In the PostScript world, textures are called patterns, and the -relevant PostScript commands use this terminology. The author -has preferred the term `texture' because it is more precise: -a pattern could be a pattern for anything. -@PP -The @@SetTexture command accepts the special value {@Code "nochange"} -for the left parameter. This value causes the right parameter to have -the texture it would have had without the @@SetTexture command. An -empty left parameter also has this effect. -@PP -Another special value is {@Code "LoutTextureSolid"}, which means no -texture at all, just solid colour. It would be useful to change -back to solid colour within an enclosing textured region. It is also -the initial texture; thus there is no need to ensure that the root -galley or each of its components is enclosed in a @@SetTexture symbol. -@PP -The form of the left parameter is implementation-dependent; in Basser -Lout it must be an object whose value is a sequence of words comprising -PostScript for setting a texture, up to and including the PostScript -@Code "setpattern" command (or equivalent) which installs the texture -into the graphics state. Lout makes no attempt to understand textures, -it simply prints the PostScript commands when appropriate. Consult -@Cite { $adobe1990ps } for information about PostScript patterns. -You'll need to do that in order to make sense of the rest of this section. -@PP -Since building even a simple texture takes a lot of PostScript -and is quite error-prone, Lout defines two symbols in the PostScript -prologue called @Code "LoutMakeTexture" and @Code "LoutSetTexture" -that you can use to make and set a texture, like this: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -{ "1 1 1 0 dg 0 pt 0 pt" - "2 [0 0 2 pt 3 pt] 2 pt 3 pt { ... }" - "LoutMakeTexture LoutSetTexture" -} @SetTexture ... -} -We'll explain both symbols in detail in a moment, but just briefly, -@Code "LoutMakeTexture" makes a texture, leaving a pattern dictionary -as returned by @Code "makepattern" on the execution stack, and -@Code "LoutSetTexture" installs this texture into the current graphics -state, like @Code "setpattern" but without any mention of colour. -@PP -@Code "LoutMakeTexture" is just a convenience definition that -constructs a pattern matrix and dictionary, populating them with the -stack elements to its left, then calls {@Code makepattern}. You don't -have to use it if you don't want to. The above example of -@Code "LoutMakeTexture" sets the pattern matrix and dictionary as follows. -@PP -The first number is a scale factor, and the second and third are horizontal -and vertical scale factors. The fourth ({@Code "0 dg"}) is an angle of -rotation. The fifth and sixth are horizontal and vertical shifts. These -six numbers determine the pattern transformation matrix passed to -{@Code makepattern}. -@PP -The remaining elements go into the pattern dictionary. @Code "PaintType" -is set to the first of them, or the seventh item overall (2 in our example, -denoting an uncoloured pattern, which will usually be the best choice; -the pattern will be painted in the current colour), @Code "BBox" is set -to the eighth item, here {@Code "[0 0 2 pt 3 pt]"}, @Code "XStep" is set -to the ninth item, here {@Code "2 pt"}, @Code "YStep" is set to the tenth -item, here {@Code "3 pt"}, and @Code "PaintProc" is set to the eleventh -and last item, which should be an executable array as shown. All non-zero -lengths must be in absolute units, that is, followed by {@Code in}, {@Code cm}, -{@Code pt}, or {@Code em}, otherwise the results will be unpredictable. -@PP -@Code "LoutSetTexture" installs the given texture into the -graphics state, preserving the current colour. You must use -@Code "LoutSetTexture" and you must not use {@Code setcolorspace}, -@Code {setcolor}, and {@Code setpattern}, because Lout considers -colour and texture to be independent of each other, and these PostScript -commands don't. -@PP -Another advantage of @Code "LoutMakeTexture" and @Code "LoutSetTexture" -is that they behave sensibly on Level 1 PostScript interpreters, -which do not have patterns. Rather than failing altogether, these -commands will make sure everything appears in solid colour. Be -aware, though, that interpreters exist (e.g @Code gv ca. 1997) which -appear to be Level 2 but actually leave textured areas blank. -@PP -For information on how these symbols are implemented, consult -Appendix {@NumberOf tex}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_ucol b/doc/doc/expert/pre_ucol deleted file mode 100644 index c5829a5..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_ucol +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@SetUnderlineColour" and "@SetUnderlineColor" } - @Tag { underline_colour } -@Begin -@PP -The @@SetUnderlineColour and @@SetUnderlineColor symbols, -setunderlinecolour.sym @Index { @@SetUnderlineColour symbol } -setunderlinecolor.sym @Index { @@SetUnderlineColor symbol } -which have identical effect, ensure that any underlining in -the right parameter is done in the colour specified by their -left parameter. The left parameter is a colour as for -@@SetColour in Section {@NumberOf colour}. -@PP -To actually get underlining, you have to use the @@Underline -symbol (Section {@NumberOf underline}). -@PP -Note that the @@SetColour symbol from Section {@NumberOf colour} -includes the effect of @@SetUnderlineColour, so in the usual -case where underlining is to be in the same colour as the text -being underlined, there is no need to use @@SetUnderlineColour. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_unde b/doc/doc/expert/pre_unde deleted file mode 100644 index 19f01ed..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_unde +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { underline } - @Title { "@Underline" } -@Begin -@PP -underline.sym @Index { @@Underline symbol } -The @@Underline symbol underlines its right parameter, but only if that -parameter is a word or a paragraph: -@ID @Code "We @Underline { really do } mean this." -produces -@ID { We @Underline { really do } mean this. } -It is not possible to underline an arbitrary object using this symbol; -the @@Underline symbol will be ignored if this is attempted. -@PP -It is very easy to @I define a symbol which will underline an arbitrary -object, using the @@Graphic symbol. This raises the question of why -@@Underline is needed at all. The answer is that @@Underline has two -properties that distinguish it from symbols based on @@Graphic. -@PP -First, when @@Underline both contains a paragraph and is used within a -paragraph, as in the example above, the inner and outer paragraphs are -merged into one, permitting the underlined text to break over several -lines. This is how the @@Font symbol works too, but symbols based on -@@Graphic do not permit this merging. -@PP -Second, Adobe font files specify the correct position and thickness of -underlining for each font, and the @@Underline symbol follows these -specifications. The font used is the font of the first object underlined, -if it is a simple word, or else the font of the enclosing paragraph. -@PP -The colour of the underline is usually the same as the colour of the -text being underlined, but this can be changed using the -@@SetUnderlineColour symbol (Section {@NumberOf underline_colour}). -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_verb b/doc/doc/expert/pre_verb deleted file mode 100644 index 725df85..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_verb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { verbatim } - @Title { "@Verbatim and @RawVerbatim" } -@Begin -@PP -verbatim.sym @Index { @@Verbatim symbol } -rawverbatim.sym @Index { @@RawVerbatim symbol } -These symbols instruct Lout to read the following text (enclosed in braces) -verbatim, that is, turning off all special character meanings. For example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@Verbatim { "hello" } -} -produces -@ID @Verbatim { "hello" } -@@Verbatim ignores all characters after the opening brace up to but not -including the first non-white-space character. @@RawVerbatim differs from -@@Verbatim only in that it ignores all characters after the opening brace -up to but not including the first non-white-space character, or up to and -including the first newline character, whichever comes first. This -variant is useful in cases such as -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@RawVerbatim { - var x: Real -begin -} -} -where the first line of the verbatim text begins with white space which -would be ignored by @@Verbatim. Both symbols ignore all white spaces -at the end of the verbatim text, preceding the closing brace. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_wide b/doc/doc/expert/pre_wide deleted file mode 100644 index 6526957..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_wide +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@Wide" and "@High" } - @Tag { wide } -@Begin -@PP -The @@Wide symbol -wide.sym @Index { @@Wide symbol } -returns its right parameter modified to have the width given by its left -parameter, which must be a length (Section {@NumberOf concatenation}) -whose unit of measurement is {@Code "c"}, {@Code "i"}, {@Code "p"}, -{@Code "m"}, {@Code "f"}, {@Code "s"}, or {@Code "v"}. If the right -parameter is not as wide as required, white space is added at the right; -if it is too wide, its paragraphs are broken (Section {@NumberOf break}) -so that it fits. A @@OneCol operation is included in the effect of @@Wide, -since it does not make sense for an object of fixed width to have two column -marks. -@PP -high.sym @Index { @@High symbol } -The @@High symbol similarly ensures that its result is of a given height, -by adding white space at the bottom. In this case it is an error for the -right parameter to be too large. A @@OneRow operation is included. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pre_yuni b/doc/doc/expert/pre_yuni deleted file mode 100644 index 40e6660..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pre_yuni +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { "@YUnit", "@ZUnit", "@CurrYUnit", and "@CurrZUnit" } - @Tag { yunit } -@Begin -@PP -The @@YUnit symbol -yunit.sym @Index { @@YUnit symbol } -zunit.sym @Index { @@ZUnit symbol } -changes the value of the @Code y unit of measurement (Section -{@NumberOf concatenation}) within its right parameter to the value -given by the left parameter: -@ID { -@Code "1c @YUnit { ... }" -} -ensures that the value of @Code "1y" within the right parameter will -be {@Code "1c"}. The @@ZUnit symbol is similar, setting the value -of the @Code z unit in its right parameter. Both units have default -value zero. The left parameter may not include a gap mode, nor may it -use the {@Code w}, {@Code b}, {@Code r}, or of course {@Code d} units, -but it may begin with @Code "+" or @Code "-" to indicate that value is -to be added to or subtracted from the current value. Any negative result -of using @Code "-" will be silently replaced by zero. -@PP -The @@CurrYUnit and @@CurrZUnit symbols report the value of the @Code y -and @Code z units, in points, truncated to the nearest integer. For example, -@ID @Code "1i @YUnit { The current value of the y unit is @CurrYUnit }" -produces -@ID 1i @YUnit { The current value of the y unit is @CurrYUnit } -since there are 72 points in one inch (at least, Lout thinks there are). -@PP -These units are not used internally by Lout. They are supplied as -part of the style information for the convenience of application -packages. For example, the Eq equation formatting package uses them -to fine-tune the appearance of equations. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/preface b/doc/doc/expert/preface deleted file mode 100644 index 6407880..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/preface +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -@Preface - @Tag { preface } -@Begin -@PP -@IndexBlanks -This manual is addressed to those who wish to become -expert users of the Lout document formatting system. An expert user -is someone who understands the principles of document formatting -that Lout embodies, and is able to apply them, for example to design -a document format or a special-purpose package. In contrast, a non-expert -user is someone who simply uses Lout to format documents. -@PP -Chapter {@NumberOf principles} explains these principles, and it -should be read carefully and in sequence. Chapters {@NumberOf details} -and {@NumberOf symbols} are for reference; respectively, they -contain descriptions of the detailed operation of Lout's major -components, and a complete description of each predefined symbol. The -final chapter presents a collection of advanced examples. -@PP -This manual presents Version 3 of Basser Lout, publicly released in -September 1994 @Cite { $kingston1995lout.program } and developed -continuously since then. This manual was rendered into PostScript -postscript @Index { PostScript } -by Version 3.40 of the Basser Lout interpreter, using the symbols -described in the User's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.user }. -@DP -@Heading { Acknowledgment. } Version 3 has benefited from hundreds of -comments received since the release of Version 1 in October 1991. Not -every suggestion could be followed, but many have been, and the -encouragement was greatly appreciated. -@End @Preface diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pri b/doc/doc/expert/pri deleted file mode 100644 index f24cb02..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pri +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Principles } - @Tag { principles } -@Begin -@LP -The Lout document formatting language is based on just four key ideas: -objects, definitions, cross references, and galleys. This chapter -concentrates on them, postponing the inevitable details. -@BeginSections -@Include { pri_obje } -@Include { pri_defi } -@Include { pri_cros } -@Include { pri_gall } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pri_cros b/doc/doc/expert/pri_cros deleted file mode 100644 index 677794e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pri_cros +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { cross } - @Title { Cross references } -@Begin -@PP -A cross reference -cross.ref @Index { Cross reference } -in common terminology is something like `see Table 6' -or `see page 57' -- a reference within a document to some other part of -it. Readers find them very useful, but they are a major -problem for authors. As the document is revised, Table 6 -becomes Table 7, the thing on page 57 moves to page 63, and all the -cross references must be changed. -@PP -The Scribe -scribe @Index { Scribe } -document formatter, developed by Brian K. Reid @Cite { $reid1980scribe }, -reid.brian @Index { Reid, Brian K. } -introduced a scheme for keeping track of cross -references. It allows you to give names to tables, figures, etc., and to -refer to them by name. The formatter inserts the appropriate numbers in -place of the names, so that as the document is revised, the -cross references are kept up to date automatically. Lout has adopted -and extended this scheme. -@PP -In Lout, automatic cross referencing works in the following way. First -define a symbol with a parameter with the special name @Code "@Tag": -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Table" -" left @Tag" -" right @Value" -"{" -" ||1i @Value" -"}" -} -When this symbol is invoked, the value given to @Code "@Tag" should be a -simple word like {@Code "cities"}, or several simple words juxtaposed -like {@Code "cities compare"}; it serves to name the invocation: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"{ cities compare } @Table" -"{" -" Washington |0.5i Canberra" -"}" -} -We may now refer to this invocation elsewhere in the document, using the -@I {cross reference} @Code "@Table&&{ cities compare }". Here @Code "&&" -is the {@I {cross reference symbol}}; its left parameter is a symbol and -its right parameter is the value of the @Code "@Tag" parameter of some -invocation of that symbol. Of course it's simplest if you use just a -one-word tag; then no braces are needed. -@PP -A cross reference is not an object; the reader should think of it as -an arrow in the final printed document, beginning at the cross reference -and ending at the top of the target -target.cr @Index { Target of cross reference } -#@ID 8p @Font { -# { @LittlePage // @LittlePage } -# ||0io ||0.7c -# { //2c -# { @Code "@Table&&cities" } -# //0.1c -# ||0.5c 90d @Rotate @Arrow 2.5c -# //0.05c -# @HContract @VContract -# @Fig { @Box margin { 0c } paint { grey } { 1.5c @Wide 1c @High } } -# } -#} -#@PP -invocation. Three special values may be given to the right parameter of -{@Code "&&"}: {@Code preceding}, {@Code following}, and -preceding. @Index { @Code preceding } -following. @Index { @Code following } -foll_or_prec. @Index { @Code following } -{@Code foll_or_prec}. The cross -reference @Code "@Table&&preceding" points to some table -appearing earlier in the final printed document than itself; that is, the -arrow is guaranteed to point backwards through the document. Usually it -points to the nearest preceding invocation. Similarly, -@Code "@Table&&following" points forwards, usually to the -nearest following invocation. @Code "@Table&&foll_or_prec" is the same as -@Code "@Table&&following" if it exists, otherwise it is the same as -{@Code "@Table&&preceding"}. -@PP -This section has been concerned with what a cross reference is -- an -arrow from one point in a document to another -- but not with how it is -used. One simple way to use a cross reference is to put it where an -object is expected, like this: -@ID @Code { -"a | @Table&&cities | c" -} -In this case the cross reference will be replaced by a copy of the -invocation it points to: in the example just given, a table will appear -between @Code a and @Code c. Other applications of cross references may be -found in Chapter {@NumberOf examples}, including finding the number of -the page where something appears, producing running page headers and footers, -and accessing databases of Roman numerals, references, etc. Cross -references are also used by galleys, as will be explained in the next section. -@PP -The implementation of cross referencing copies every symbol invocation with -a @Code "@Tag" parameter into the @I { cross-reference database }, -a collection of files whose names end in {@Code ".ld"} indexed by one file -whose name is {@Code "lout.li"}. It is generally the case that the bulk -content of a symbol such as the table above is contained in its right or -body parameter, and that this bulk content is not needed by cross references -to the symbol. Hence, to save space in the database, Lout replaces the -right parameter of each symbol it writes into it by the word "???" whenever -the right parameter appears to be large. The table above would appear as -"???" because of this optimization, and in general, the user must ensure -that any content required by cross references is contained in parameters -other than the right or body parameter. This optimization does not apply -when the symbol being written into the cross-reference database is a galley. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pri_defi b/doc/doc/expert/pri_defi deleted file mode 100644 index 002db15..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pri_defi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,246 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Definitions } - @Tag { definitions } -@Begin -@PP -The features of Lout are very general. They do not assume that documents -are composed of pages, nor that there are such things as margins and -footnotes, for example. @I Definitions -definitions. @Index { Definitions } -bridge the gap between Lout's general features and the -special features -- footnotes, equations, pages -- that particular -documents require. They hold the instr&-uct&-ions for producing these -special features, conveniently packaged ready for use. -@PP -For example, consider the challenge posed by `@TeX', which is the name of -one of Lout's most illustrious rivals @Cite { $knuth1984tex }. Lout solves it -easily enough, like this: -@ID @Code { -"T{ /0.2fo E }X" -} -but to type this every time @TeX is mentioned would be tedious and -error-prone. So we place a definition at the beginning of the document: -@ID @Code { -"def @TeX { T{ /0.2fo E }X }" -} -Now @Code "@TeX" stands for the object following it between -braces, and we may write -@ID @Code { -consider the challenge posed by "`@TeX'", ... -} -as the author did earlier in this paragraph. -@PP -A @I symbol -symbol. @Index Symbol -is a name, like {@Code "@TeX"}, which stands for -something other than itself. The initial @Code "@" is not compulsory, -but it does make the name stand out clearly. A @I definition of a symbol -declares a name to be a symbol, and says what the symbol stands for. The -@I body of a definition -body.of @Index { Body of a definition } -is the part following the name, between the braces. To @I invoke -invocation @Index { Invocation of a symbol } -a symbol is to make use of it. -@PP -Another expression ripe for packaging in a definition is -@ID @Code { -"@OneRow { | -2p @Font n ^/0.5fk 2 }" -} -which produces @OneRow { | -2p @Font n ^/0.5sk 2 } (see -Chapter {@NumberOf details}). But this time we would like to be able to write -@ID { -@I object @Code "@Super" @I object -} -so that @Code { a "@Super" 2 } would come out as {a @Super 2}, and so -on, for in this way the usefulness of the definition is greatly -increased. Here is how it is done: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Super" -" left x" -" right y" -"{ @OneRow { | -2p @Font y ^/0.5fk x }" -"}" -} -This definition says that @Code "@Super" has two {@I parameters}, -parameter @Index Parameter -@Code x and {@Code y}. When @Code "@Super" is invoked, all occurrences -of @Code x in the body will be replaced by the object just to the left -of {@Code "@Super"}, and all occurrences of @Code y will be replaced by -the object just to the right. So, for example, the expression -@ID @Code { -"2 @Super { Slope @Font n }" -} -is equal to -@ID @Code { -"@OneRow { | -2p @Font { Slope @Font n } ^/0.5fk 2 }" -} -and so comes out as {2 @Super {Slope @Font n}}. -@PP -Lout permits definitions to invoke themselves, a peculiarly circular -thing to do which goes by the name of -recursion @Index Recursion -@I recursion. Here is an example -of a recursive definition: -@ID @Code { -"def @Leaders { .. @Leaders }" -} -The usual rule is that the value of an invocation of a symbol is a copy of -the body of the symbol's definition, so the value of @Code "@Leaders" must be -@ID @Code { -".. @Leaders" -} -But now this rule applies to this new invocation of {@Code "@Leaders"}; -substituting its body gives -@ID @Code { -".. .. @Leaders" -} -and so on forever. In order to make this useful, -an invocation of a recursive symbol is replaced by its body only if -sufficient space is available. So, for example, -@ID @Code { -"4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 62 }" -} -has for its result the object -@ID { -4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 62 } -} -with Lout checking before each replacement of @Code "@Leaders" by -@OneCol @Code { ".." "@Leaders" } that the total length afterwards, -including the other words, would not exceed four inches. -@PP -The remaining issue is what happens when Lout decides that it is time to -stop. The obvious thing to do is to replace the last invocation by an -empty object: -@ID @Code { -".. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. {}" -} -As the example shows, this would leave a small trailing space, which -is a major headache. Lout fixes this -by replacing the last invocation with a different kind of empty object, -called @@Null, whose effect is to make an adjacent concatenation symbol -disappear, preferably one preceding the @@Null. Thus, when Lout -replaces @Code "@Leaders" by @@Null in the expression -@ID @Code { -".. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. @Leaders" -} -the trailing space, which is really a horizontal concatenation symbol, -disappears as well. This is taken into account when deciding -whether there is room to replace @Code "@Leaders" by its body. -@PP -The remainder of this section is devoted to showing how definitions may -be used to specify the @I {page layout} -page.layout @RawIndex { Page layout } -page.layout.basic @SubIndex { principles of } -of a document. To begin with, -we can define a page like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @Page" -"{" -" //1i ||1i" -" 6i @Wide 9.5i @High" -" { @TextPlace //1rt @FootSect }" -" ||1i //1i" -"}" -} -Now @Code "@Page" is an eight by -eleven and a half inch object, with one inch margins, a place at the top for -text, and a section at the bottom for footnotes (since @Code "//1rt" -bottom-justifies the following object). It will be -convenient for us to show the effect of invoking @Code "@Page" like this: -@ID @Code -{ { //0.5ix 8p @Font "@Page" &2m => } &2m -@LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -} -with the invoked symbol appearing to the left of the arrow, and its body to -the right. -@PP -The definition of a vertical list of pages should come as no surprise: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @PageList" -"{" -" @Page // @PageList" -"}" -} -This allows invocations like the following: -@ID @Code @HExpand @HScale { -{ //0.5ix 8p @Font "@PageList" } -||1m { //0.5ix => } ||1m -{ @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } - //0.2c 8p @Font "@PageList" -} -||1m { //0.5ix => } ||1m -{ @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } - // @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } - //0.2c 8p @Font "@PageList" -} -||1m { //0.5ix => } ||1m -{ @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } - // @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -} -} -setting @Code "@PageList" to @Code @@Null on the last step. Any -number of pages can be generated. -@PP -A definition for @Code "@TextPlace" is beyond us at present, since -@Code "@TextPlace" must be replaced by different parts of the text -of the document on different pages. But we can -define @Code "@FootSect" to be a small space followed by a -horizontal line followed by a list of places where footnotes go: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @FootList " -"{ " -" @FootPlace //0.3v @FootList" -"} " -" " -"def @FootSect" -"{ " -" //0.3v 1i @Wide @HLine" -" //0.3v @FootList " -"} " -} -assuming that @Code "@HLine" will produce a horizontal line of the -indicated width. With this definition we can generate pages like this: -@ID @Code { -@LittlePage { "@TextPlace" - //1rt - "@FootSect" - } -||2m { //0.5ix => } ||2m -@LittlePage { "@TextPlace" - //1rt - @OneRow { 1c @Wide @HLine - //0.1c - "@FootList" - } - } -||2m { //0.5ix => } ||2m -@LittlePage { "@TextPlace" - //1rt - @OneRow { 1c @Wide @HLine - //0.1c - "@FootPlace" - //0.1c - "@FootList" - } - } -} -and so on for arbitrarily many footnotes. -@PP -We will see in the next section how invocations of @Code "@PageList", -@Code "@FootSect" and @Code "@FootList" are replaced by their bodies only -when the need to insert text and footnotes obliges Lout to do so; -otherwise the invocations are replaced by @@Null. In this way, the -right number of pages is made, the small line appears only on pages that -have at least one footnote, and unnecessary concatenation symbols -disappear. -@PP -This approach to page layout is the most original contribution Lout has -made to document formatting. It is extraordinarily flexible. Two-column -pages? Use -@ID @Code { -"{2.8i @Wide @TextPlace} ||0.4i {2.8i @Wide @TextPlace}" -} -instead of {@Code "@TextPlace"}. Footnotes in smaller type? Use -@Code { -2p "@Font" "@FootPlace" } instead of {@Code "@FootPlace"}. And -on and on. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pri_gall b/doc/doc/expert/pri_gall deleted file mode 100644 index 9efb3c1..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pri_gall +++ /dev/null @@ -1,279 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Galleys } - @Tag { galleys } -@Begin -@PP -It is time to pause and ask ourselves how close we are to achieving our -aim of producing neatly formatted documents. We can certainly produce -the pieces of a document: -@ID { - -nohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn { -@DP -|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v} -@DP -In the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province. If she -produces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded -elsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign students of -musical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, he is -considered a freak. -@PP -Such a freak is Henry Purcell. Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of -the world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this -English master. -} - -||1c - -@LittlePageColumn -{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric. @I {Some Great Composers.} Oxford, 1944. -} - -||1c - -@Code { - @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -// @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -// @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -//0.2c 8p @Font "@PageList" -} - -} -but when we try to merge them together, we encounter two obstacles. -@PP -First, when an object is entered at a certain place in the document, it -appears at that place. But a footnote is naturally entered immediately -after the point it refers to (`{-2p @Font PURCELL}' in this case), yet it -appears somewhere else: at the bottom of a page. -@PP -Second, all our features build up larger objects out of smaller ones, -but the -2p @Font PURCELL object, for example, must be broken down into -page-sized pieces. This occurs when the available space at the -`somewhere else' is insufficient to hold the entire object, so this -second obstacle arises out of the first. -@PP -Lout's last major feature, which we introduce to overcome these -obstacles, is the @I galley -galley.feature @Index { Galleys } -(the name is borrowed from the galleys -used in manual typesetting). A galley is an object plus a cross -reference which points to where the object is to appear. The example -above has three galleys: -@ID { - -{ -//0.1c - -nohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn { -@DP -|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v} -@DP -In the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province. If she -produces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded -elsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign students of -musical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, he is -considered a freak. -@PP -Such a freak is Henry Purcell. Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of -the world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this -English master. -} { //0.4c 180d @Rotate @Arrow 2.0c } - -} - -||0io ||4.8c - -@Code { - @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -// @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -// @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -//0.2c 8p @Font "@PageList" -} 180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i @I -2p @Font {to printer} - -||0io ||2.0c -{ -//3.9c - -{ @Arrow 1.7c } nohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn -{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric. @I {Some Great Composers.} Oxford, 1944. -} -} -} -A galley replaces the invocation pointed to by its cross reference. If -space is not sufficient there to hold it all, the remainder of the -galley is split off (the vertical concatenation symbol preceding it -being discarded) and it replaces later invocations of the same symbol. -This is exactly what is required to get text and footnotes onto pages. -@PP -To create a galley, first define a symbol with a -special @Code into -into @Index { @Code into clause } -clause, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def @FootNote into { @FootPlace&&following }" -" right x" -"{" -" 8p @Font x" -"}" -} -An invocation of such a symbol will then be a galley whose object is the -result of the invocation, and whose cross reference is given by the -@Code into clause. The right parameter of the cross reference must be -one of {@Code preceding}, {@Code following}, and {@Code foll_or_prec}. -@PP -A symbol, like @Code "@FootPlace", which is the @I target of a galley, -target.g @Index { Target of a galley } -must contain the special symbol @@Galley exactly once in its body; often -this is all that the body contains: -@ID @Code { -"def @FootPlace { @Galley }" -} -It is this special symbol that is replaced by the incoming galley, in -fact, not the @Code "@FootPlace" symbol as a whole. -@PP -A symbol which contains @@Galley, either directly within its body or -indirectly within the body of a symbol it invokes, is called a @I receptive -receptive @Index { Receptive symbol } -symbol, meaning receptive to galleys. @Code "@FootPlace" is receptive, which -makes @Code "@FootList", @Code "@FootSect" and @Code "@PageList" -receptive since they invoke @Code "@FootPlace". If no galley replaces -any @@Galley within some invocation of a receptive symbol, that -invocation is replaced by @@Null. The advantages of this rule for page -layout were explained at the end of Section {@NumberOf definitions}. -@PP -Let us now follow through the construction of our example -document. Initially there is just the one @I root -root.galley @Index { Root galley } -galley, containing an unexpanded invocation of @Code "@PageList": -@ID { ||5c -10p @Font @Code "@PageList" 180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i @I -2p @Font {to printer} -} -Then the -2p @Font PURCELL galley appears, targeted to a @Code -"@TextPlace". Lout knows that there is a @Code "@TextPlace" hidden -inside @Code "@PageList", so it expands @Code "@PageList": -@ID { - -{ -//0.1c - -nohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn { -@DP -|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v} -@DP -In the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province. If she -produces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded -elsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign students of -musical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, he is -considered a freak. -@PP -Such a freak is Henry Purcell. Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of -the world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this -English master. -} { //0.4c 180d @Rotate @Arrow 2.2c } -} - -||0io ||5c - -@Code { - @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" } -//0.2c 8p @Font "@PageList" -} 180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i @I -2p @Font {to printer} - -} -After promoting the first line into @Code "@TextPlace", the footnote -galley attached to it appears and demands an invocation of -@Code "@FootPlace" following its attachment point -(`{-2p @Font PURCELL}'). Such a @Code "@FootPlace" is found at -the bottom of the first page, inside @Code "@FootSect", which is -accordingly expanded, and the footnote is promoted onto the page: -@ID { - -{ -//1.2c - -nohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn { -In the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province. If she -produces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded -elsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign -students of musical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, -he is considered a freak. -@PP -Such a freak is Henry Purcell. Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of -the world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this -English master. -} 180d @Rotate @Arrow 2.2c -} - -||0io ||5c - -{ -nohyphen @Break @LittleDocument -// -@LittleText { -@DP -|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v} -@LittleFootNote -{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric. @I {Some Great Composers.} Oxford, 1944. -//1vx @Code "@FootList" -} -//1vx @Code "@TextPlace" } -// -@LittleEndRun -//0.2c 8p @Font @Code "@PageList" -} 180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i -2p @Font @I {to printer} - -} -Now the promotion of the -2p @Font PURCELL galley resumes. When the -first page is filled, Lout searches forwards for another @Code "@TextPlace" -to receive the remainder, once again expanding a @Code "@PageList": -@ID { - -{ -//4.85c - -nohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn { -performer, that is regarded -elsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign -students of musical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, -he is considered a freak. -@PP -Such a freak is Henry Purcell. Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of -the world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this -English master. -} 180d @Rotate @Arrow 2.2c -} - -||0io ||5c - -{ -nohyphen @Break @LittleDocument -// -@LittleText { -@DP -|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v} -@LittleFootNote -{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric. @I {Some Great Composers.} Oxford, 1944. -} -@DP - @HExpand {In the world of music} -//1vx @HExpand {England is supposed to} -//1vx @HExpand {be a mere province. If} -//1vx @HExpand {she produces an indifferent composer or} -} -// -@LittleEndRun -// @LittlePage { @Code "@TextPlace" //1rt @Code "@FootSect" } -//0.2c 8p @Font @Code "@PageList" -} 180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i -2p @Font @I {to printer} - -} -and so on. All these expansions and replacements are done with total -integrity. For example, if Lout finds after expanding @Code "@FootSect" -that the page is too full to accept even the first line of the footnote, -@Code "@FootSect" is reset to unexpanded and the search for a target for -the footnote moves on. And the cross reference direction, @Code -preceding or @Code following, is always obeyed (although lack of space -sometimes prevents Lout from choosing the nearest target). Only the -root galley contains receptive symbols in our running example, but -any galley may contain them. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/pri_obje b/doc/doc/expert/pri_obje deleted file mode 100644 index fcb9177..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/pri_obje +++ /dev/null @@ -1,178 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Objects } - @Tag { objects } -@Begin -@PP -Since our aim is to produce neatly formatted documents, we should begin by -looking at a typical example of such a document: -@ID { -nohyphen @Break @LittleDocument -// -@LittleText { -@DP -|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v} -@LittleFootNote -{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric. @I {Some Great Composers.} Oxford, 1944. -} -@DP -In the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province. If she -produces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded -elsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign students of -musical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, he is -considered a freak. -@PP -Such a freak is Henry Purcell. Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of -the world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this -English master. -} -// -@LittleEndRun -} -It is a large rectangle made from three smaller rectangles -- its -pages. Each page is made of lines; each line is made of words, -although it makes sense for any rectangle (even a complete document) to -be part of a line, provided it is not too large. -@PP -Lout deals with something a little more complicated than rectangles: -@I objects. An object -objec @Index { Object } -is a rectangle with at least one @I {column mark} -column.mark @Index { Column mark } -mark.alignment @Index { Mark alignment } -alignment @RawIndex { Alignment @I see mark alignment } -protruding above and below it, and at least one @I {row mark} -row.mark @Index { Row mark } -protruding to the left and right. The simplest objects contain words like -metempsychosis, and have one mark of each type: -@ID { -@ShowMarks metempsychosis -} -The rectangle exactly encloses the word; its column mark is at the left -edge, and its row mark passes through the middle of the lower-case -letters. The rectangle and marks do not appear on the printed page, but -to understand what Lout is doing you have to imagine them. -@PP -To place two objects side by side, we separate them by the -symbol @Code "|", which denotes the act of @I {horizontal -concatenation}. So, if we write -@ID { -@Code "USA | Australia" -} -the result will be the object -@ID { -@ShowMarks USA | @ShowMarks Australia -} -Notice that this object has two column marks, but still only one row mark, -because @Code "|" merges the two row marks -together. This merging of row marks fixes the vertical -position of each object with respect to the other, but it does not -determine how far apart they are. This distance, or {@I gap}, -may be given just after the symbol, as in @Code "|0.5i" for example, -which specifies horizontal concatenation with a gap of half an inch. If -no gap is given, it is assumed to be {@Code "0i"}. -@PP -@I {Vertical concatenation} & , denoted by {@Code "/"}, -is the same apart from the change of direction: -@ID { -@Code "Australia /0.1i USA" -} -has result -@ID { -@ShowMarks Australia /0.1i -@ShowMarks USA -} -The usual merging of marks occurs, and now the gap determines the -vertical separation. Horizontal and vertical can be combined: -@ID @Code { - |1m USA |1m "|0.2i" |1m Australia -/1vx "/0.1i" | Washington | "|" | Canberra -} -has result -@ID { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - @ShowMarks USA & - { 0 ymark moveto xsize 10 pt add ymark lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke } - @Graphic {1c @Wide } - |0.2i @ShowMarks Australia -/0.1i @ShowMarks Washington | @ShowMarks Canberra - } - PDF @Yield { - @ShowMarks USA & - { [ __mul(3, __pt) ] 0 d 0 __ymark m __add(__xsize, __mul(10, __pt)) __ymark l S } - @Graphic {1c @Wide } - |0.2i @ShowMarks Australia -/0.1i @ShowMarks Washington | @ShowMarks Canberra - } - } -} -tables @Index { Tables } -There are several things to note carefully here. White space (including -tabs and newlines) adjacent to a concatenation symbol is ignored, so -it may be used to lay out the expression clearly. The symbol -@Code "|" takes precedence over {@Code "/"}, which means that the rows -are formed first, then vertically concatenated. The symbol @Code "/" will -merge two or more column marks, creating multiple -columns (and @Code "|" will merge two or more row marks). This -implies that the gap @Code "0.2i" used above is between -columns, not individual items in columns; a gap in the second row -would therefore be redundant, and so is omitted. -@PP -A variant of @Code "/" called @Code "//" left-justifies -two objects instead of merging their marks. -@PP -By enclosing an object in braces, it is possible to override the -braces @Index { Braces } -set precedences. Here is another expression for the table -above, in which the columns are formed first: -@ID @Code { - |1m "{ USA" |1m "/0.1i" |1m "Washington }" -/1vx "|0.2i" | "{ Australia" | "/" | "Canberra }" -} -Braces have no effect other than to alter the grouping. -@PP -@I {Paragraph breaking} occurs when an object is too wide to fit -paragraph.breaking @Index { Paragraph breaking } -into the space available to it; by breaking its paragraphs into lines, -its width is reduced to an acceptable amount. The available -space is determined by the @@Wide symbol, whose form is -@ID { -@I length @@Wide @I object -} -and whose result is the given object modified to have exactly the given -length. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"5i @Wide {" -"Macbeth was very ambitious. This led him to wish to become king of" -"Scotland. The witches told him that this wish of his would come true. The" -"king of Scotland at this time was Duncan. Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth" -"murdered Duncan. He was thus enabled to succeed Duncan as king. (51 words)" -"|0.5i" -"Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth achieved his ambition and realized the" -"prediction of the witches by murdering Duncan and becoming king of Scotland" -"in his place. (26 words)" -"}" -} -has for its result the following five inch wide object -@Cite { $strunk1979style }: -@ID { -5i @Wide { -Macbeth was very ambitious. This led him to wish to become king of -Scotland. The witches told him that this wish of his would come true. The -king of Scotland at this time was Duncan. Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth -murdered Duncan. He was thus enabled to succeed Duncan as king. (51 words) -|0.5i -Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth achieved his ambition and realized the -prediction of the witches by murdering Duncan and becoming king of Scotland -in his place. (26 words) -} -} -A paragraph of text can be included anywhere, and it will be broken -automatically if necessary to fit the available space. The spaces -between words are converted into concatenation symbols. -@PP -These are the most significant of Lout's object-building symbols. There -are others, for changing fonts, controlling paragraph breaking, printing -graphical objects like boxes and circles, and so on, but -they do not add anything new in principle. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/expert/tex b/doc/doc/expert/tex deleted file mode 100644 index 5d4d357..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/expert/tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,383 +0,0 @@ -@Appendix - @Title { Implementation of Textures } - @Tag { tex } -@Begin -The following notes detail how PostScript patterns have been -used to produce textures. See the PostScript Language -Reference Manual, second edition (PLRM), especially Section 4.9. -@PP -PostScript patterns are implemented as color spaces, whereas -from a logical point of view they are really separate entities -in the graphics state, independent of color (except that a -colored texture overrides any current color while it is in -effect). To ensure that Lout's @@SetTexture and @@SetColour -symbols have this desired independence of each other, the -following operators are defined in the Lout prologue: -@CD @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - bfont { Italic } - bformat { @StartHSpan @Cell i { ctr } A | @HSpan | @HSpan | @Cell D } - aformat { @Cell i { right } @Code A | @Cell @Code B | - @Cell mr { 1c } @Code "-" | @Cell D } -{ -@Rowb - ma { 0i } - A { Lout-defined operator } - D { What it replaces } - rb { yes } -@Rowa - A { num } - B { LoutSetGray } - D { setgray } -@Rowa - A { num num num } - B { LoutSetRGBColor } - D { setrgbcolor } -@Rowa - A { num num num } - B { LoutSetHSBColor } - D { sethsbcolor } -@Rowa - A { num num num num } - B { LoutSetCMYKColor } - D { setcmykcolor } -@Rowa - A { p } - B { LoutSetTexture } - D { setpattern } - rb { yes } - mb { 0i } -} -These have similar signatures to the corresponding PostScript -operators shown, and the idea is to use the Lout-defined -versions where you would normally use the PostScript ones. -The first four set the color without disturbing any current -texture; the last sets the texture without disturbing -any current color. Here @Code { p } may be the PostScript -{@Code null} object, meaning no texture i.e. normal filling, -or else it must be an instantiated pattern dictionary, as -returned by @Code { makepattern }. -@PP -There are three key data types used by this code: -@BulletList - -@LI { A colorspace, denoted @Code { cs }, is a PostScript -colorspace array and may have one of the following values: -@DP @RID @Tbl - mv { 0.6vx } - aformat { @Cell @Code A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "[ /DeviceGray ]" } - B { The greyscale colorspace } -@Rowa - A { "[ /DeviceRGB ]" } - B { The RGB colorspace } -@Rowa - A { "[ /DeviceCMYK ]" } - B { The CMYK colorspace } -@Rowa - A { "[ /Pattern ]" } - B { A colored pattern } -@Rowa - mb { 0i } - A { "[ /Pattern /name ]" } - B { An uncolored pattern; @Code "/name" may be -{@Code "/DeviceGray"}, {@Code "/DeviceRGB"}, or -{@Code "/DeviceCMYK"} } -} -} - -@LI { A color, denoted c, is an array containing a PostScript -non-pattern color and thus may have one of the following values: -@ID @Tbl - mv { 0.6vx } - aformat { @Cell @Code A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "[ grey ]" } - B { A @Code "/DeviceGray" color } -@Rowa - A { "[ red green blue ]" } - B { A @Code "/DeviceRGB" color } -@Rowa - A { "[ c m y k ]" } - B { A @Code "/DeviceCMYK" color } - mb { 0i } -} -We enclose colors in an array to make it easy for us to -deal with their varying length. The array has to be unpacked -with @Code "aload" before calling {@Code setcolor}. -} - -@LI { A pattern, denoted {@Code "p"}. For us, a pattern is -either the PostScript null object, meaning to fill with solid -color, or else it is a dictionary as returned by -{@Code makepattern}. When such a dictionary is installed in -the current graphics state, this code guarantees that it will -contain two extra entries: -@ID @Tbl - mv { 0.6vx } - aformat { @Cell @Code A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "/UnderlyingColorSpace" } - B { A @Code cs as defined above } -@Rowa - A { "/UnderlyingColor" } - B { A @Code c as defined above } - mb { 0i } -} -We need these extra entries to make color independent of -texture: without them we would lose the current color when -we set a texture. Because of these variables we can't share -pattern dictionaries among graphics states. We must copy them. -} - -@EndList -This representation obeys the following invariant: -@BulletList - -@LI { -All components of the PostScript graphics state related to -pattern and color have defined values (e.g. there is never a -situation where we set color space but not color). -} - -@LI { -If the PostScript graphics state contains a @Code "/Pattern" -colorspace, the pattern dictionary stored in the state has -@Code "/UnderlyingColorSpace" and @Code "/UnderlyingColor" -entries of types @Code cs and {@Code c}. -} - -@LI { -If the graphics state contains an uncolored @Code "/Pattern" -colorspace, then the @Code "/UnderlyingColorSpace" and -@Code "/UnderlyingColor" entries of the pattern dictionary -stored in the state agree with the underlying color space -and color stored in the graphics state. -} - -@EndList -And it has the following abstraction function: -@BulletList - -@LI { -If the graphics state colorspace is {@Code "/Pattern"}, then -the abstract current texture is the pattern dictionary stored -in the graphics state color. If the graphics state colorspace -is not {@Code "/Pattern"}, then the abstract current texture -is {@Code null}. -} - -@LI { -If the graphics state colorspace is {@Code "/Pattern"}, then the -abstract colorspace and color are the values of -@Code "/UnderlyingColorSpace" and @Code "/UnderlyingColor" -in the pattern dictionary stored in the graphics state color. -If the graphics state colorspace is not {@Code "/Pattern"}, -then the abstract current colorspace and color are as returned -by @Code "currentcolorspace" and {@Code "[ currentcolor ]"}. -} - -@EndList -The following functions are private helpers for the public functions: -@IndentedList - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% Current pattern (may be null): - LoutCurrentP p -/LoutCurrentP -{ %% - - currentcolorspace %% [ /name etc ] - 0 get /Pattern eq %% bool - { %% - (have pattern) - [ currentcolor ] %% [ comp0 ... compn p ] - dup length 1 sub get %% p - } - { %% - (no pattern) - null %% null - } ifelse %% p -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% Current color and color space: - LoutCurrentCCS c cs -/LoutCurrentCCS -{ - LoutCurrentP dup null eq %% p bool - { %% null - pop [ currentcolor ] %% c - currentcolorspace %% c cs - } - { %% p - dup %% p p - /UnderlyingColor get exch %% c p - /UnderlyingColorSpace get %% c cs - } ifelse %% c cs -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% Make c, cs, and p current: c cs p LoutSetCCSP - -/LoutSetCCSP -{ %% c cs p - dup null eq %% c cs p bool - { %% c cs p (null pattern) - pop setcolorspace %% c - aload pop setcolor %% - - } - { %% c cs p (non-null pattern) - % copy pattern dictionary - 12 dict copy %% c cs p - - % record cs and c in p - dup /UnderlyingColorSpace %% c cs p p /UCS - 3 index put %% c cs p - dup /UnderlyingColor %% c cs p p /UC - 4 index put %% c cs p - - % do setcolorspace and setcolor - dup /PaintType get 1 eq %% c cs p bool - { %% c cs p (colored pattern) - [/Pattern] setcolorspace %% c cs p - setcolor %% c cs - pop pop %% - - } - { %% c cs p (uncolored pattern) - [ /Pattern %% c cs p [ /Pattern - 4 -1 roll %% c p [ /Pattern cs - ] setcolorspace %% c p - exch aload length 1 add %% p comp1 ... compm m+1 - -1 roll %% comp1 ... compm p - setcolor %% - - } ifelse %% - - } ifelse %% - -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@EndList -With the helper functions it's now easy to derive the colour and -texture setting commands that we are offering to our end users. -When setting the color we pass it, plus the current pattern, to -{@Code "LoutSetCCSP"}; when setting the pattern we pass it, plus -the current color, to {@Code "LoutSetCCSP"}. Note that there is -no {@Code "/DeviceHSB"}: @Code "hsb" is a variant of {@Code "rgb"}. -@IndentedList - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% num LoutSetGray - -/LoutSetGray -{ - [ 2 1 roll ] %% c - [ /DeviceGray ] %% c cs - LoutCurrentP %% c cs p - LoutSetCCSP %% - -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% r g b LoutSetRGBColor - -/LoutSetRGBColor -{ %% r g b - [ 4 1 roll ] %% c - [ /DeviceRGB ] %% c cs - LoutCurrentP %% c cs p - LoutSetCCSP %% - -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% h s b LoutSetHSBColor - -/LoutSetHSBColor -{ %% h s b - gsave sethsbcolor %% - - currentrgbcolor grestore %% r g b - LoutSetRGBColor %% - -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% c m y k LoutSetRGBColor - -/LoutSetCMYKColor -{ - [ 5 1 roll ] %% c - [ /DeviceCMYK ] %% c cs - LoutCurrentP %% c cs p - LoutSetCCSP %% - -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% p LoutSetTexture - -/LoutSetTexture -{ - LoutCurrentCCS %% p c cs - 3 -1 roll %% c cs p - LoutSetCCSP %% - -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@EndList -All we need now is some sample textures. Textures are just pattern -dictionaries as returned by {@Code "makepattern"}. Here is -a PostScript function that appears in the Lout prologue. Its -function is to simplify the production of textures. It first -takes six parameters to specify a transformation of the texture -used to build the matrix taken by {@Code makepattern}, then -five parameters that go into the pattern dictionary. -@IndentedList - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -% <scale> <scalex> <scaley> <rotate> <hshift> <vshift> -% <pt> <bb> <xs> <ys> <pc> LoutMakeTexture p -/LoutMakeTexture -{ %% s sx sy r h v pt bb xs ys pp - 12 dict begin %% s sx sy r h v pt bb xs ys pp - /PaintProc exch def %% s sx sy r h v pt bb xs ys - /YStep exch def %% s sx sy r h v pt bb xs - /XStep exch def %% s sx sy r h v pt bb - /BBox exch def %% s sx sy r h v pt - /PaintType exch def %% s sx sy r h v - /PatternType 1 def %% s sx sy r h v - /TilingType 1 def %% s sx sy r h v - currentdict end %% s sx sy r h v p - 7 1 roll %% p s sx sy r h v - matrix translate %% p s sx sy r mat1 - 5 1 roll %% p mat1 s sx sy r - matrix rotate %% p mat1 s sx sy mat2 - 4 1 roll %% p mat1 mat2 s sx sy - matrix scale %% p mat1 mat2 s mat3 - exch dup matrix scale %% p mat1 mat2 mat3 mat4 - matrix concatmatrix %% p mat1 mat2 mat34 - matrix concatmatrix %% p mat1 mat234 - matrix concatmatrix %% p mat1234 - /makepattern where - { %% p mat123 dict - pop makepattern %% p - } - { %% p mat123 - pop pop null %% null - } ifelse %% p (may be null) -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@EndList -For examples of textures using {@Code LoutMakeTexture}, consult -the standard include file {@Code coltex}. There is only one -built-in texture, {@Code LoutTextureSolid}: -@IndentedList - -@LI @OneRow -2px @Break @F @Verbatim @Begin -/LoutTextureSolid -{ - null - LoutSetTexture -} def -@End @Verbatim - -@RawEndList -@End @Appendix diff --git a/doc/doc/slides/README b/doc/doc/slides/README deleted file mode 100644 index f0b409f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/slides/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -Directory lout/doc/slides - -This directory contains the Lout source of -a set of overhead transparencies entitled -`A Practical Introduction to the Lout -Document Formatting System.' To format -the transparencies, type - - lout -r2 all > outfile.ps - -in this directory. The -r2 flag causes Lout -to run twice over the document, which is needed -to resolve all cross references. There should -be no error messages at all after the second run. -A copy of the final outfile.ps is included. - -Jeff Kingston -26 June 2013 diff --git a/doc/doc/slides/all b/doc/doc/slides/all deleted file mode 100644 index 6e5f02e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/slides/all +++ /dev/null @@ -1,680 +0,0 @@ -@SysInclude { eq } -@SysInclude { tab } -@SysInclude { fig } -@SysInclude { pas } -@SysInclude { graph } -@SysInclude { cprint } -@SysInclude { slides } -@SysDatabase @Reference { loutrefs } -@OverheadTransparencies - @Title { A Practical Introduction to the - -Lout - -Document Formatting System -} - @RunningTitle { lout } - @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Institution { -Basser Dept. of Computer Science -The University of Sydney -} - @InitialLanguage { English } -// - -@Overhead - @Title { A simple input file } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"Hello, world" -"@End @Text" -} -@LP -@LP -@Heading { How to format it } -@ID @Code { -"lout filename > out.ps" -"ghostview out.ps" -"mpr out.ps" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -Hello, world -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Headings and paragraphs } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"@Heading { Introduction }" -"@PP" -"The design of the Lout formatting" -"system was undertaken with the" -"needs of the @I { ordinary user }" -"very much in mind." -"@End @Text" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@Heading { Introduction } -@PP -The design of the Lout formatting -system was undertaken with the -needs of the @I { ordinary user } -very much in mind. -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Displays } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"You certainly don't want to return to" -"his office and report:" -"@IndentedDisplay @I {" -"`I can't find an efficient algorithm, I" -"guess I'm just too dumb.'" -"}" -"To avoid serious damage to your" -"position in the company, it would" -"be better if ..." -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -You certainly don't want to return to -his office and report: -@IndentedDisplay @I { -`I can't find an efficient algorithm, I -guess I'm just too dumb.' -} -To avoid serious damage to your -position in the company, it would -be better if ... -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Paragraph breaking styles } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"You certainly don't want to return to" -"his office and report:" -"@ID { ragged nohyphen } @Break @I {" -"`I can't find an efficient algorithm, I" -"guess I'm just too dumb.'" -"}" -"To avoid serious damage to your" -"position in the company, it would" -"be better if ..." -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -You certainly don't want to return to -his office and report: -@ID { ragged nohyphen } @Break @I { -`I can't find an efficient algorithm, I -guess I'm just too dumb.' -} -To avoid serious damage to your -position in the company, it would -be better if ... -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Lists } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@Heading { Operating Instructions }" -"@NumberedList" -"@ListItem { Press small green lever. }" -"@ListItem { Wait approximately 10 seconds" -"until red light flashes. }" -"@ListItem { If smoke emerges from rear of unit," -"call Service Department. }" -"@EndList" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@Heading { Operating Instructions } -@NumberedList -@ListItem { Press small green lever. } -@ListItem { Wait approximately 10 seconds -until red light flashes. } -@ListItem { If smoke emerges from rear of unit, -call Service Department. } -@EndList -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Technical reports } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@SysInclude { report }" -"@Report" -" @Title { ... }" -" @Author { ... }" -" @Institution { ... }" -" @DateLine { ... }" -"//" -"@Abstract { ... }" -"@Section { ... }" -"@Section { ... }" -"@Section { ... }" -"@Appendix { ... }" -"@Appendix { ... }" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Sections } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@Section" -" @Tag { dfs }" -" @Title { Depth-first search }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"We turn now to our first algorithm" -"on general graphs ..." -"@End @Section" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@Heading { 10.6. Depth-first search } -@PP -We turn now to our first algorithm -on general graphs ... -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Cross references } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"For further information, consult" -"Section @NumberOf dfs on page" -"@PageOf { dfs }." -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -For further information, consult -Section 10.6 on page 245. -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { References } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@Database @Reference { myrefs }" -"..." -"For the details, consult the User's" -"Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.user }." -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -For the details, consult the User's -Guide [1]. -@LP -... -@LP -@Heading { References } -@NumberedList -@LI @RefPrint kingston1995lout.user -@LI ... -@EndList -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Database file myrefs.ld } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"{ @Reference" -" @Tag { kingston1995lout.user }" -" @Type { Book }" -" @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston }" -" @Title { A User's Guide to the Lout" -"Document Formatting System (Version 3) }" -" @Institution { Basser Department of" -"Computer Science }" -" @Address { University of Sydney" -"2006, Australia }" -" @Year { 1994 }" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Books (and theses) } -@Begin -@BulletList -@LI { Title page, preface, introduction } -@LI { Automatic table of contents } -@LI { Prefatory pages numbered in Roman numerals } -@LI { Chapters, sections, subsections, appendices } -@LI { References at end of chapters or book } -@LI { Running page headers } -@LI { Odd-even page formats } -@LI { Sorted index } -@EndList -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Making a sorted index } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@PP" -"There are several possible ways to implement the" -"@I Partition procedure," -"partition @Index { @I Partition (in {@I Quicksort}) }" -"but the following seems to be the best. Starting ..." -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@Heading { Index } -@LD lines @Break { -... -partial order, 227 -@I Partition (in {@I Quicksort}), 189 -postorder traversal - of binary tree, 19 - topological ordering, 229 -... -} -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Equation formatting } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@SysInclude { eq }" -"..." -"Since @Eq { T(n-i) = T(0) = 0 } we have" -"@IndentedDisplay @Eq {" -"T(n) = big sum from i=0 to n-1 2 sup i = 2 sup n - 1" -"}" -"for the number of disk moves made by the Towers" -"of Hanoi algorithm, given @Eq { n } disks." -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -Since @Eq { T(n-i) = T(0) = 0 } we have -@IndentedDisplay @Eq { -T(n) = big sum from i=0 to n-1 2 sup i = 2 sup n - 1 -} -for the number of disk moves made by the Towers of Hanoi -algorithm, given @Eq { n } disks. -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Another equation } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@CenteredDisplay @Eq {" -"big int supp 1 on 0 `" -"dx over sqrt { 1 - x sup 2 }" -"= pi over 2" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@CenteredDisplay @Eq { -big int supp 1 on 0 ` -dx over sqrt { 1 - x sup 2 } -= pi over 2 -} -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Tables } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@SysInclude { tab }" -"..." -"@Tab" -" @Fmta { @Col @I A ! @Col B }" -"{" -"@Rowa" -" A { Fortran }" -" B { The first ... language }" -"@Rowa" -" A { Algol-60 }" -" B { Said to be ... successors }" -"@Rowa" -" A { Pascal }" -" B { The famous ... successors }" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@Tab - vmargin { 0.4v } - @Fmta { @Col @I A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { Fortran } - B { The first high-level -programming language } -@Rowa - A { Algol-60 } - B { Said to be a better -language than most of its successors } -@Rowa - A { Pascal } - B { The most famous of -Algol-60's successors } -} -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Another table } -@Begin -@RID @Code { -"@Tab" -" hmargin { 0.4c }" -" vmargin { 0.3v }" -" side { single }" -" @Fmta { @Col @B @CC X @Over A,B,C }" -" @Fmtb { @Col @I A ! @Col B !! @Col C }" -"{" -"" -"@Rowa above { single }" -" X { Value of mathematical ... dollars) }" -"" -"@Rowb above { double }" -" A { Quadratic formula }" -" B { @Eq { x ^= { ... } over 2a } }" -" C { 3^.5 }" -"" -"@Rowb below { single }" -" A { Binomial theorem }" -" B { @Eq { ( a + b ) sup n ^= ... b sup n-k } }" -" C { 12^ }" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -0.6 @Scale @Tab - hmargin { 0.4c } - vmargin { 0.3v } - side { single } - @Fmta { @Col @B @CC X @Over A,B,C } - @Fmtb { @Col @I A ! @Col B !! @Col C } -{ -@Rowa - above { single } - X { Value of mathematical formulae (millions of dollars) } -@Rowb - above { double } - A { Quadratic formula } - B { @Eq { x ^= { minus b +- sqrt { b sup 2 - 4ac } } over 2a } } - C { 3^.5 } -@Rowb - below { single } - A { Binomial theorem } - B { @Eq { ( a + b ) sup n ^= big sum from k=0 to infty -matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { n above k } a sup k b sup n-k -} } - C { 12^ } -} -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Pascal programs } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@SysInclude { pas }" -"..." -"@ID @Pas {" -"procedure DoPriAbstract(root: PriEntry);" -"begin" -" if root^.leftchild <> nil then begin" -" DoPriAbstract(root^.leftchild);" -" write(', ');" -" end;" -" PriKeyAbstract(root^.key);" -" write(':');" -" PriValueAbstract(root^.value);" -" if root^.rightchild <> nil then begin" -" write(', ');" -" DoPriAbstract(root^.rightchild);" -" end;" -"end;" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@Pas { -procedure DoPriAbstract(root: PriEntry); -begin - if root^.leftchild <> nil then begin - DoPriAbstract(root^.leftchild); - write(', '); - end; - PriKeyAbstract(root^.key); - write(':'); - PriValueAbstract(root^.value); - if root^.rightchild <> nil then begin - write(', '); - DoPriAbstract(root^.rightchild); - end; -end; -} |0io -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Basic graphics } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"45d @Rotate 1.5 @Scale @Box {" -" Hello, world" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@ID @Code { -45d @Rotate 1.5 @Scale @Box { - Hello, world -} -} -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Advanced graphics } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@SysInclude { fig }" -"..." -"@Fig {" -"@Box" -" margin { 0c }" -" paint { black }" -"@Ellipse" -" linestyle { noline }" -" paint { white }" -"{ Hello, world }" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@Fig { -@Box - margin { 0c } - paint { black } -@Ellipse - linestyle { noline } - paint { white } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Point labelling } -@Begin -@ID @Code { -"@Fig {" -"A::" -"{" -" 1:: @Ellipse { 3c @Wide 2c @High }" -" //3c" -" 2:: @Box { 3c @Wide 2c @High }" -"}" -"@ShowLabels" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage { -@Fig { -A:: -{ - 1:: @Ellipse { 3c @Wide 2c @High } - //3c - 2:: @Box { 3c @Wide 2c @High } -} -@ShowLabels -} -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead - @Title { Graphs } -@Begin -@LP -@ID -1p @Font @Code { -"@Graph" -" abovecaption { New South Wales road deaths" -"(per 100 million vehicle km) }" -"{" -" @Data points { plus } pairs { dashed }" -" { 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4" -" 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 }" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage @Graph - width { 9 cm } - height { 6 cm } - abovecaption { New South Wales road deaths -(per 100 million vehicle km) } -{ - @Data - points { plus } - pairs { dashed } - { - 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 - } -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@RID @Code { -"-2p @Font @Graph" -" style { axes }" -" xorigin { 0 } yorigin { 0 }" -" xticks { 10@ 50@ 100@ 200@ 500@ }" -" objects { @NE at { 300 2 } @I { Exponential }" -" @SE at { ... } @I { Uniform } }" -" belowcaption { @I n }" -"{" -" @Data points { filledcircle } { ... }" -" @Data points { filledcircle } { ... }" -"" -" @Data pairs { dashed }" -" { 10 2 500 2 }" -"" -" @Data pairs { dashed }" -" {" -" xloop from { 10 } to { 500 } by { 20 } do" -" {" -" x sqrt { pi*x / 4 } + 1" -" }" -" }" -"}" -} -@End @Overhead - -@Overhead @Begin -@ShowPage -2p @Font @Graph - style { axes } - xorigin { 0 } - yorigin { 0 } - width { 10 cm } - height { 7 cm } - xticks { 10@ 50@ 100@ 200@ 500@ } - objects { - @NE at { 300 2 } @I { Exponential } - @SE at { 300 sqrt { pi*300/4 } + 1 } @I { Uniform } - } - belowcaption { @I n } - belowgap { 0 cm } -{ - @Data points { filledcircle } - { 10 1.97 50 2.01 100 2.00 200 2.0 500 2.00 } - - @Data points { filledcircle } - { 10 3.53 50 7.45 100 9.32 200 13.41 500 21.63 } - - @Data pairs { dashed } - { 10 2 500 2 } - - @Data pairs { dashed } - { - xloop from { 10 } to { 500 } by { 20 } do - { - x sqrt { pi*x / 4 } + 1 - } - } -} -@End @Overhead diff --git a/doc/doc/slides/mydefs b/doc/doc/slides/mydefs deleted file mode 100644 index 69417f5..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/slides/mydefs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ - -def @Code right x { { Helvetica Base -2p } @Font lines @Break x } - -import @BasicSetup -def @ShowPage right x -{ - @Box margin { 1i } 4i @Wide 5i @High { x // } -} diff --git a/doc/doc/slides/outfile.ps b/doc/doc/slides/outfile.ps deleted file mode 100644 index a33f831..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/slides/outfile.ps +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6106 +0,0 @@ -%!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.40 (June 2013) -%%CreationDate: Wed Jun 26 09:46:10 2013 -%%DocumentData: Binary -%%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) -%%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) -%%DocumentMedia: A4 595 842 0 white () -%%PageOrder: Ascend -%%LanguageLevel: 2 -%%Pages: (atend) -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842 -%%EndComments -%%BeginProlog -%%BeginResource: procset LoutStartUp -/cp_x 0 def -/cp_y 0 def -/louts 0 def -/loutv 0 def -/loutf 0 def -/ymark 0 def -/xmark 0 def -/ysize 0 def -/xsize 0 def -/save_cp { currentpoint /cp_y exch def /cp_x exch def } bind def -/restore_cp { cp_x cp_y moveto } bind def -/outline { gsave 1 1 1 setrgbcolor dup show save_cp - grestore true charpath stroke restore_cp } bind def -/m { 3 1 roll moveto show } bind def -/mo { 3 1 roll moveto outline } bind def -/s { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show } bind def -/so { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto outline } bind def -/k { exch neg 0 rmoveto show } bind def -/ko { exch neg 0 rmoveto outline } bind def -/r { exch 0 rmoveto show } bind def -/ro { exch 0 rmoveto outline } bind def -/c { gsave 3 1 roll rmoveto show grestore } bind def -/co { gsave 3 1 roll rmoveto outline grestore } bind def -/ul { gsave setlinewidth dup 3 1 roll - moveto lineto stroke grestore } bind def -/in { 1440 mul } bind def -/cm { 567 mul } bind def -/pt { 20 mul } bind def -/em { 120 mul } bind def -/sp { louts mul } def -/vs { loutv mul } def -/ft { loutf mul } def -/dg { } def - -/LoutGraphic { - /louts exch def - /loutv exch def - /loutf exch def - /ymark exch def - /xmark exch def - /ysize exch def - /xsize exch def -} def - -/LoutGr2 { gsave translate LoutGraphic gsave } def - -/LoutFont -{ findfont exch scalefont setfont -} bind def - -/LoutRecode { - { findfont dup length dict begin - {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall - /Encoding exch def - currentdict end definefont pop - } - stopped pop -} bind def - -/PreEPSF_state 0 def -/dict_stack 0 def -/ops_count 0 def -/LoutStartEPSF { % prepare for EPSF inclusion - /PreEPSF_state save def - /dict_stack countdictstack def - /ops_count count 1 sub def - 20 dict begin - /showpage {} def - 0 setgray 0 setlinecap - 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin - 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath - /languagelevel where - { pop languagelevel - 1 ne - { false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint - } if - } if -} bind def - -/LoutEPSFCleanUp { % clean up after EPSF inclusion - count ops_count sub { pop } repeat - countdictstack dict_stack sub { end } repeat - PreEPSF_state restore -} bind def - -% Find current texture (may be null) -% - LoutCurrentP p -/LoutCurrentP -{ - currentcolorspace - 0 get /Pattern eq - { - [ currentcolor ] - dup length 1 sub get - } - { - null - } ifelse -} def - -% Find current color and color space -% - LoutCurrentCCS c cs -/LoutCurrentCCS -{ - LoutCurrentP dup null eq - { - pop [ currentcolor ] - currentcolorspace - } - { - dup - /UnderlyingColor get - exch /UnderlyingColorSpace get - } ifelse -} def - -% Install c, cs, and (a copy of) p into graphics state -% c cs p LoutSetCCSP - -/LoutSetCCSP -{ - dup null eq - { - pop setcolorspace - aload pop setcolor - } - { - % copy pattern dictionary - 12 dict copy - - % record cs and c in p - dup /UnderlyingColorSpace 3 index - put - dup /UnderlyingColor 4 index - put - - % do setcolorspace and setcolor - dup /PaintType get 1 eq - { - [ /Pattern ] setcolorspace - setcolor - pop pop - } - { - [ /Pattern - 4 -1 roll - ] setcolorspace - exch aload length 1 add - -1 roll - setcolor - } ifelse - } ifelse -} bind def - -% num LoutSetGray - -/LoutSetGray -{ - [ 2 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceGray ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% r g b LoutSetRGBColor - -/LoutSetRGBColor -{ - [ 4 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceRGB ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% h s b LoutSetHSBColor - -/LoutSetHSBColor -{ - gsave sethsbcolor - currentrgbcolor grestore - LoutSetRGBColor -} bind def - -% c m y k LoutSetRGBColor - -/LoutSetCMYKColor -{ - [ 5 1 roll ] - [ /DeviceCMYK ] - LoutCurrentP - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% p LoutSetTexture - -/LoutSetTexture -{ - LoutCurrentCCS - 3 -1 roll - LoutSetCCSP -} bind def - -% <scale > <scalex> <scaley> <rotate> <hshift> <vshift> -% <painttype> <bbox> <xstep> <ystep> <paintproc> LoutMakeTexture p -/LoutMakeTexture -{ - 12 dict begin - /PaintProc exch def - /YStep exch def - /XStep exch def - /BBox exch def - /PaintType exch def - /PatternType 1 def - /TilingType 1 def - currentdict end - 7 1 roll - matrix translate - 5 1 roll - matrix rotate - 4 1 roll - matrix scale - exch dup matrix scale - matrix concatmatrix - matrix concatmatrix - matrix concatmatrix - /makepattern where - { - pop makepattern - } - { - pop pop null - } ifelse -} bind def - -/LoutTextureSolid -{ - null - LoutSetTexture -} bind def -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutTabPrependGraphic -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/tabf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Tab % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain % -% by its author, Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -% To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names % -% of all these symbols begin with "ltab". % -% % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% 24 September 1991 % -% 22 December 1992 % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -% linewidth ltabhs - -% horizontal single line -/ltabhs -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhsp - -% horizontal single line with projecting ends -/ltabhsp -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - setlinewidth 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhd - -% horizontal double line -/ltabhd -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch 3 mul moveto xsize exch 3 mul lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdb - -% horizontal double line below mark -/ltabhdb -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch -3 mul moveto xsize exch -3 mul lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdnw - -% horizontal double line with northwest corner -/ltabhdnw -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize exch 3 mul moveto - -3 mul exch 3 mul lineto - -3 mul 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdne - -% horizontal double line with northeast corner -/ltabhdne -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch 3 mul moveto - 3 mul xsize add exch 3 mul lineto - 3 mul xsize add 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdsw - -% horizontal double line with southwest corner -/ltabhdsw -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize exch -3 mul moveto - -3 mul exch -3 mul lineto - -3 mul 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabhdse - -% horizontal double line with southeast corner -/ltabhdse -{ dup dup dup dup - 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - 0 exch -3 mul moveto - 3 mul xsize add exch -3 mul lineto - 3 mul xsize add 0 lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvs - -% vertical single line -/ltabvs -{ 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvd - -% vertical double line -/ltabvd -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - -3 mul 0 moveto -3 mul ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% linewidth ltabvdr - -% vertical double line to right of mark -/ltabvdr -{ dup dup - 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto - 3 mul 0 moveto 3 mul ysize lineto - setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke -} def -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutFigPrependGraphic -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/figf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Fig Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% Version 2.0 (includes CIRCUM label) January 1992 % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -% Although Fig is now obsolete I have updated it 20 October 2002 % -% to work with textures, i.e. replacing setrgbcolor with % -% LoutSetRGBColor. % -% % -% To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names of all symbols % -% defined here begin with "lfig". However, this is not feasible % -% with user-defined labels and some labels used by users. % -% % -% <point> is two numbers, a point. % -% <length> is one number, a length % -% <angle> is one number, an angle in degrees % -% <dashlength> is one number, the preferred length of a dash % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -errordict begin - /handleerror - { - { /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont - 0 setgray 4 pt 4 pt moveto - $error /errorname get - dup lfigdict exch known - { lfigdict exch get } - { 30 string cvs } ifelse - show - ( Command: ) show - $error /command get 30 string cvs show - } stopped {} if - showpage stop - } def -end - -% concat strings: <string> <string> lfigconcat <string> -% must be defined outside lfigdict since used in lfigpromotelabels -/lfigconcat -{ 2 copy length exch length add string - dup 0 4 index putinterval - dup 3 index length 3 index putinterval - 3 1 roll pop pop -} def - -% <string> lfigdebugprint - -% must be defined outside lfigdict since used in arbitrary places -% /lfigdebugprint -% { print -% (; operand stack:\n) print -% count copy -% count 2 idiv -% { == -% (\n) print -% } repeat -% (\n) print -% } def - -/lfigdict 120 dict def -lfigdict begin - -% error messages -/dictfull (dictfull error: too many labels?) def -/dictstackoverflow (dictstackoverflow error: labels nested too deeply?) def -/execstackoverflow (execstackoverflow error: figure nested too deeply?) def -/limitcheck (limitcheck error: figure nested too deeply or too large?) def -/syntaxerror (syntaxerror error: syntax error in text of figure?) def -/typecheck (typecheck error: syntax error in text of figure?) def -/undefined (undefined error: unknown or misspelt label?) def -/VMError (VMError error: run out of memory?) def - -% push pi onto stack: - lfigpi <num> -/lfigpi 3.14159 def - -% arc directions -/clockwise false def -/anticlockwise true def - -% maximum of two numbers: <num> <num> lfigmax <num> -/lfigmax { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - -% minimum of two numbers: <num> <num> lfigmin <num> -/lfigmin { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - -% add two points: <point> <point> lfigpadd <point> -/lfigpadd { exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch } def - -% subtract first point from second: <point> <point> lfigpsub <point> -/lfigpsub { 3 2 roll sub 3 1 roll exch sub exch } def - -% max two points: <point> <point> lfigpmax <point> -/lfigpmax { exch 3 1 roll lfigmax 3 1 roll lfigmax exch } def - -% min two points: <point> <point> lfigpmin <point> -/lfigpmin { exch 3 1 roll lfigmin 3 1 roll lfigmin exch } def - -% scalar multiplication: <point> <num> lfigpmul <point> -/lfigpmul { dup 3 1 roll mul 3 1 roll mul exch } def - -% point at angle and distance: <point> <length> <angle> lfigatangle <point> -/lfigatangle { 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul lfigpadd } def - -% angle from one point to another: <point> <point> lfigangle <angle> -/lfigangle { lfigpsub 2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq and {pop} {exch atan} ifelse } def - -% distance between two points: <point> <point> lfigdistance <length> -/lfigdistance { lfigpsub dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt } def - -% difference in x coords: <point> <point> lfigxdistance <length> -/lfigxdistance { pop 3 1 roll pop sub } def - -%difference in y coords: <point> <point> lfigydistance <length> -/lfigydistance { 3 1 roll pop sub exch pop } def - -% stroke a solid line: <length> <dashlength> lfigsolid - -/lfigsolid -{ pop pop [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% stroke a lfigdashed line: <length> <dashlength> lfigdashed - -/lfigdashed -{ 2 copy div 2 le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] 0 setdash } - { dup [ exch 4 2 roll 2 copy div - 1 sub 2 div ceiling dup 4 1 roll - 1 add mul sub exch div ] 0 setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a lfigcdashed line: <length> <dashlength> lfigcdashed - -/lfigcdashed -{ 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] dup 0 get 2 div setdash } - { dup [ 4 2 roll exch 2 copy exch div - 2 div ceiling div 1 index sub - ] exch 2 div setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a dotted line: <length> <dashlength> lfigdotted - -/lfigdotted -{ 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch 0 exch ] 0 setdash } - { 1 index exch div ceiling div - [ 0 3 2 roll ] 0 setdash - } ifelse stroke -} def - -% stroke a noline line: <length> <dashlength> lfignoline - -/lfignoline -{ pop pop -} def - -% painting (i.e. filling): - lfigwhite - (etc.) -/lfignopaint { } def -/lfignochange { fill } def -/lfigdarkblue { 0.0 0.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigblue { 0.0 0.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightblue { 0.5 0.5 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgreen { 0.0 0.5 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggreen { 0.0 1.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgreen { 0.5 1.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkred { 0.5 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigred { 1.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightred { 1.0 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkcyan { 0.0 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigcyan { 0.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightcyan { 0.5 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkmagenta { 0.5 0.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigmagenta { 1.0 0.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightmagenta { 1.0 0.5 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkyellow { 0.5 0.5 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigyellow { 1.0 1.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightyellow { 1.0 1.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgray { 0.2 0.2 0.2 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggray { 0.5 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgray { 0.8 0.8 0.8 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigdarkgrey { 0.2 0.2 0.2 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiggrey { 0.5 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfiglightgrey { 0.8 0.8 0.8 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigblack { 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def -/lfigwhite { 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def - -% line caps (and joins, not currently used) -/lfigbutt 0 def -/lfiground 1 def -/lfigprojecting 2 def -/lfigmiter 0 def -/lfigbevel 2 def - -% shape and labels of the @Box symbol -/lfigbox -{ - 0 0 /SW lfigpointdef - xsize 0 /SE lfigpointdef - xsize ysize /NE lfigpointdef - 0 ysize /NW lfigpointdef - SE 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - NW 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - W SE lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - S NW lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - NE 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - SW SE NE NW SW -} def - -% shape and labels of the @CurveBox symbol -/lfigcurvebox -{ - - xsize 0.5 mul ysize 0.5 mul /CTR lfigpointdef - xsize 0.5 mul 0 /S lfigpointdef - xsize ysize 0.5 mul /E lfigpointdef - xsize 0.5 mul ysize /N lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 mul /W lfigpointdef - - xmark 0.293 mul xmark 0.293 mul /SW lfigpointdef - xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub xmark 0.293 mul /SE lfigpointdef - xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NE lfigpointdef - xmark 0.293 mul ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NW lfigpointdef - - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul xmark /lfigcurveboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - - xmark 0 - xsize xmark sub 0 - [ xsize xmark sub xmark ] - xsize xmark - xsize ysize xmark sub - [ xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub ] - xsize xmark sub ysize - xmark ysize - [ xmark ysize xmark sub ] - 0 ysize xmark sub - 0 xmark - [ xmark xmark ] - xmark 0 -} def - -% shadow of the @ShadowBox symbol -% its shape and labels are done, somewhat inaccurately, with lfigbox -/lfigshadow -{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub xmark lineto - xmark 2 mul xmark lineto closepath fill -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Square symbol -/lfigsquare -{ - xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR xsize xsize ysize ysize lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef - SW 0.5 lfigpmul SE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef - NW 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - SW 0.5 lfigpmul NW 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef - SE 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - SW SE NE NW SW -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Diamond symbol -/lfigdiamond -{ - xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - S W lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR W lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR S lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigdiamondcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S E N W S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Ellipse symbol -/lfigellipse -{ - xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef - S W lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR W lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR S lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd lfigpsub /SE lfigpointdef - xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub lfigpsub /SW lfigpointdef - [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @Circle symbol -/lfigcircle -{ - xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - CTR xsize 0 ysize 0 lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 45 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 90 lfigatangle lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 180 lfigatangle lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 270 lfigatangle lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef - CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef - [ S E lfigpsub /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S -} def - -% shape and labels of the @HLine and @HArrow symbols -/lfighline -{ - 0 ymark lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef - xsize ymark lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef -} def - -% shape and labels of the @VLine and @VArrow symbols -/lfigvline -{ - xmark ysize lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef - xmark 0 lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef -} def - -% points of a polygon around base with given no of sides, vert init angle: -% <sides> <angle> figpolygon <point> ... <point> -/lfigpolygon -{ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef - 90 sub CTR 2 copy lfigmax 5 3 roll - [ 4 copy pop /lfigpolycircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef - exch dup 360 exch div exch - 1 1 3 2 roll - { 4 string cvs (P) exch lfigconcat cvn - 6 copy pop pop lfigatangle 2 copy 10 2 roll - 3 2 roll lfigpointdef - dup 3 1 roll add exch - } for - pop lfigatangle -} def - -% next array element: <array> <index> lfiggetnext <array> <index> <any> true -% or <array> <index> false -/lfiggetnext -{ 2 copy exch length ge - { false } - { 2 copy get exch 1 add exch true } ifelse -} def - -% check whether thing is number: <any> lfigisnumbertype <any> <bool> -/lfigisnumbertype -{ dup type dup - /integertype eq exch /realtype eq or -} def - -% check whether thing is an array: <any> lfigisarraytype <any> <bool> -/lfigisarraytype { dup type /arraytype eq } def - -% get next item: <array> <index> lfiggetnextitem <array> <index> 0 -% or <array> <index> <array> 1 -% or <array> <index> <point> 2 -/lfiggetnextitem -{ lfiggetnext - { lfigisarraytype - { 1 - } - { lfigisnumbertype - { 3 1 roll - lfiggetnext - { lfigisnumbertype - { 4 3 roll exch 2 - } - { pop 3 2 roll pop 0 - } ifelse - } - { 3 2 roll pop 0 - } ifelse - } - { pop 0 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } - { 0 - } ifelse -} def - -% set arc path: bool x1 y1 x2 y2 x0 y0 lfigsetarc <angle> <angle> <dist> -% the path goes from x1 y1 to x2 y2 about centre x0 y0, -% anticlockwise if bool is true else clockwise. -% The orientations of backwards pointing and forwards pointing -% arrowheads are returned in the two angles, and -% the length of the arc is returned in <dist>. -/lfigsetarc -{ - 20 dict begin - matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll - 2 copy translate 2 copy 8 2 roll - 4 2 roll lfigpsub 6 2 roll lfigpsub - dup /y1 exch def dup mul /y1s exch def - dup /x1 exch def dup mul /x1s exch def - dup /y2 exch def dup mul /y2s exch def - dup /x2 exch def dup mul /x2s exch def - - y1s y2s eq - { -1 - } - { y1s x2s mul y2s x1s mul sub y1s y2s sub div - } ifelse - /da exch def - - x1s x2s eq - { -1 - } - { x1s y2s mul x2s y1s mul sub x1s x2s sub div - } ifelse - /db exch def - - da 0 gt db 0 gt and - { /LMax da sqrt db sqrt lfigmax def - /scalex da sqrt LMax div def - /scaley db sqrt LMax div def - scalex scaley scale - 0 0 LMax - 0 0 x1 scalex mul y1 scaley mul lfigangle - 0 0 x2 scalex mul y2 scaley mul lfigangle - 2 copy eq { 360 add } if - 2 copy 8 2 roll - 5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse - 2 index 1 index - { 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse - dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan - 2 index 2 index - { 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse - dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan - 5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 anticlockwise - { exch sub } { sub } ifelse - dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul LMax mul 180 div - } - { 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 0 x2 y2 lfigdistance eq - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 gt and - { 0 0 - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance - 0 0 x1 y1 lfigangle - 0 0 x2 y2 lfigangle - 2 copy eq { 360 add } if - 2 copy 8 2 roll - 5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse - 2 index 1 index - { 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse - 2 index 2 index - { 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse - 5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 clockwise - { exch sub } { sub } ifelse - dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance mul 180 div - } - { x2 y2 lineto pop - x2 y2 x1 y1 lfigangle - x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigangle - x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigdistance - } ifelse - } ifelse - 4 -1 roll setmatrix - end -} def - -% lfigsetcurve: set up a Bezier curve from x0 y0 to x3 y3 -% and return arrowhead angles and length of curve (actually 0) -% x0 y0 x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 lfigsetcurve <angle> <angle> <length> -/lfigsetcurve -{ 8 copy curveto pop pop - lfigangle - 5 1 roll - 4 2 roll lfigangle - exch - 0 -} def - -% lfigpaintpath: paint a path of the given shape -% /paint [ shape ] lfigpaintpath - -/lfigpaintpath -{ - 10 dict begin - 0 newpath - /prevseen false def - /curveseen false def - { lfiggetnextitem - dup 0 eq { pop exit } - { 1 eq - { /curveseen true def - /curve exch def - curve length 0 eq { /curveseen false def } if - } - { /ycurr exch def - /xcurr exch def - prevseen - { curveseen - { curve length 4 eq - { xprev yprev - curve 0 get curve 1 get - curve 2 get curve 3 get - xcurr ycurr - lfigsetcurve pop pop pop - } - { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr - curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse - 7 1 roll - lfigsetarc pop pop pop - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr lineto - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr moveto - } ifelse - /xprev xcurr def - /yprev ycurr def - /prevseen true def - /curveseen false def - } ifelse - } ifelse - } loop pop pop cvx exec - end -} def - -% stroke a path of the given shape in the given linestyle and dash length. -% Return the origin and angle of the backward and forward arrow heads. -% dashlength /linestyle [shape] lfigdopath [<point> <angle>] [<point> <angle>] -/lfigdopath -{ - 10 dict begin - 0 - /prevseen false def - /curveseen false def - /backarrow [] def - /fwdarrow [] def - { - lfiggetnextitem - dup 0 eq { pop exit } - { - 1 eq - { /curveseen true def - /curve exch def - curve length 0 eq { /prevseen false def } if - } - { /ycurr exch def - /xcurr exch def - prevseen - { newpath xprev yprev moveto - curveseen - { curve length 4 eq - { xprev yprev - curve 0 get curve 1 get - curve 2 get curve 3 get - xcurr ycurr lfigsetcurve - } - { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr - curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse - curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse - 7 1 roll - lfigsetarc - } ifelse - } - { xcurr ycurr lineto - xcurr ycurr xprev yprev lfigangle dup 180 sub - xprev yprev xcurr ycurr lfigdistance - } ifelse - 6 index 6 index cvx exec - [ xprev yprev 5 -1 roll ] - backarrow length 0 eq - { /backarrow exch def } - { pop } ifelse - [ xcurr ycurr 4 -1 roll ] /fwdarrow exch def - } if - /xprev xcurr def - /yprev ycurr def - /prevseen true def - /curveseen false def - } ifelse - } ifelse - } loop - pop pop pop pop - backarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { backarrow } ifelse - fwdarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { fwdarrow } ifelse - end -} def - -% lfigdoarrow: draw an arrow head of given form -% dashlength /lstyle /pstyle hfrac height width [ <point> <angle> ] lfigdoarrow - -/lfigdoarrow -{ matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll - dup 0 get 1 index 1 get translate - 2 get rotate - [ 2 index neg 2 index 0 0 - 3 index 3 index neg - 1 index 10 index mul 0 - 7 index 7 index ] - 4 1 roll pop pop pop - dup 3 1 roll - gsave lfigpaintpath grestore lfigdopath pop pop - setmatrix -} def - -% arrow head styles -/lfigopen 0.0 def -/lfighalfopen 0.5 def -/lfigclosed 1.0 def - -% stroke no arrows, forward, back, and both -/lfignoarrow { pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop } def -/lfigforward { 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow pop } def -/lfigback { 8 -2 roll pop lfigdoarrow } def -/lfigboth { 8 -1 roll 7 copy lfigdoarrow pop 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow } def - -% lfigprevious: return previous point on path -/lfigprevious -{ lfigisnumbertype - { 2 copy } - { lfigisarraytype - { 2 index 2 index } - { 0 0 } - ifelse - } ifelse -} def - -% label a point in 2nd top dictionary: <point> /name lfigpointdef - -/lfigpointdef -{ - % (Entering lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint - [ 4 2 roll transform - /itransform cvx ] cvx - currentdict end - 3 1 roll - % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt - % { def } - % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop } - % ifelse - def - begin - % (Leaving lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% promote labels from second top to third top dictionary -% <string> lfigpromotelabels - -/lfigpromotelabels -{ - % (Entering lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint - currentdict end exch currentdict end - { exch 20 string cvs 2 index - (@) lfigconcat exch lfigconcat cvn exch def - } forall pop begin - % (Leaving lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% show labels (except CIRCUM): - lfigshowlabels - -/lfigshowlabels -{ - % (Entering lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint - currentdict end - currentdict - { 1 index 20 string cvs (CIRCUM) search % if CIRCUM in key - { pop pop pop pop pop } - { pop cvx exec 2 copy - newpath 1.5 pt 0 360 arc - 0 setgray fill - /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont - moveto 0.2 cm 0.1 cm rmoveto 20 string cvs show - } - ifelse - } forall - begin - % (Leaving lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% fix an angle to 0 <= res < 360: <angle> lfigfixangle <angle> -/lfigfixangle -{ - % (Entering lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint - { dup 0 ge { exit } if - 360 add - } loop - { dup 360 lt { exit } if - 360 sub - } loop - % (Leaving lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of box: alpha a b lfigboxcircum x y -/lfigboxcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - 0 0 a b lfigangle /theta exch def - - % if alpha <= theta, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - alpha theta le - { a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div } - { - % else if alpha <= 180 - theta, return (b*cot(alpha), b) - alpha 180 theta sub le - { b alpha cos mul alpha sin div b } - { - % else if alpha <= 180 + theta, return (-a, -a*tan(alpha)) - alpha 180 theta add le - { a neg a neg alpha sin mul alpha cos div } - { - % else if alpha <= 360 - theta, return (-b*cot(alpha), -b) - alpha 360 theta sub le - { b neg alpha cos mul alpha sin div b neg } - { - % else 360 - theta <= alpha, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find quadratic roots (assume a != 0): a b c lfigqroots x1 x2 2 -% or x2 1 -% or 0 -/lfigqroots -{ - 4 dict begin - /c exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - /disc b b mul 4 a c mul mul sub def - disc 0 lt - { 0 - } - { disc 0 eq - { b neg 2 a mul div - 1 - } - { b neg disc sqrt add 2 a mul div - b neg disc sqrt sub 2 a mul div - 2 - } - ifelse - } - ifelse - end -} def - -% work our which quadrant: <angle> lfigquadrant <0-3> -/lfigquadrant -{ dup 90 lt - { pop 0 - } - { dup 180 lt - { pop 1 - } - { 270 lt - { 2 - } - { 3 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse -} def - -% find curvebox circum, assuming upper right quadrant: alpha a b xmk lfigcb x y -/lfigcb -{ - 6 dict begin - /xmk exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - /alpha exch def - /theta1 0 0 a b xmk sub lfigangle def - /theta2 0 0 a xmk sub b lfigangle def - alpha theta1 le - { % if alpha <= theta1, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) - a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div - } - { alpha theta2 ge - { % else if alpha > theta2, return (b*cot(alpha), b) - b alpha cos mul alpha sin div b - } - { - % else, return the intersection of line and circle - a xmk sub b xmk sub xmk 0 0 alpha lfigcircleintersect - dup 0 eq - { % should never happen, just return any reasonable point - pop - a b 0.5 lfigpmul - } - { 1 eq - { % should never happen, just return the point on top of stack - } - { % the usual case, two points on stack, return the larger - lfigpmax - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end -} def - -% find point on circumference of curvebox: alpha a b xmk lfigcurveboxcircum x y -/lfigcurveboxcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint - 5 dict begin - /xmk exch def - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - - % work out which quadrant we are in, and reflect accordingly - /quad alpha lfigquadrant def - quad 0 eq - { alpha a b xmk lfigcb - } - { quad 1 eq - { 180 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb exch neg exch - } - { quad 2 eq - { alpha 180 sub a b xmk lfigcb neg exch neg exch - } - { 360 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb neg - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of diamond: alpha a b lfigdiamondcircum x y -/lfigdiamondcircum -{ - % (Entering lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - b alpha cos abs mul a alpha sin abs mul add /denom exch def - a b mul alpha cos mul denom div - a b mul alpha sin mul denom div - end - % (Leaving lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of ellipse: alpha a b lfigellipsecircum x y -/lfigellipsecircum -{ - % (Entering lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint - 4 dict begin - /b exch def - /a exch def - lfigfixangle /alpha exch def - b alpha cos mul dup mul a alpha sin mul dup mul add sqrt /denom exch def - a b mul alpha cos mul denom div - a b mul alpha sin mul denom div - end - % (Leaving lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point of intersection of two lines each defined by two points -% x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 lfiglineintersect x y -/lfiglineintersect -{ - % (Entering lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint - 13 dict begin - /y4 exch def - /x4 exch def - /y3 exch def - /x3 exch def - /y2 exch def - /x2 exch def - /y1 exch def - /x1 exch def - x2 x1 sub /x21 exch def - x4 x3 sub /x43 exch def - y2 y1 sub /y21 exch def - y4 y3 sub /y43 exch def - y21 x43 mul y43 x21 mul sub /det exch def - - % calculate x - y21 x43 mul x1 mul - y43 x21 mul x3 mul sub - y3 y1 sub x21 mul x43 mul add - det div - - % calculate y - x21 y43 mul y1 mul - x43 y21 mul y3 mul sub - x3 x1 sub y21 mul y43 mul add - det neg div - - end - % (Leaving lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point on circumference of polygon -% alpha radius num theta lfigpolycircum x y -/lfigpolycircum -{ - % (Entering lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint - 13 dict begin - /theta exch def - /num exch def - /radius exch def - /alpha exch def - - % calculate delta, the angle from theta to alpha - alpha theta sub lfigfixangle - - % calculate the angle which is the multiple of 360/num closest to delta - 360 num div div truncate 360 num div mul theta add /anglea exch def - - % calculate the next multiple of 360/num after anglea - anglea 360 num div add /angleb exch def - - % intersect the line through these two points with the alpha line - anglea cos anglea sin angleb cos angleb sin - 0 0 alpha cos 2 mul alpha sin 2 mul - lfiglineintersect radius lfigpmul - - end - % (Leaving lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% find point of intersection of a point and a circle -% x0 y0 r x1 y1 theta lfigcircleintersect xa ya xb yb 2 -% or xb yb 1 -% or 0 -/lfigcircleintersect -{ - % (Entering lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint - 15 dict begin - /theta exch def - /y1 exch def - /x1 exch def - /r exch def - /y0 exch def - /x0 exch def - - % if sin(theta) = 0 then line is horizontal and y must be y1 - theta sin abs 0.00001 lt - { - /a 1 def - /b -2 x0 mul def - /c x0 dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def - a b c lfigqroots dup - 0 eq - { pop - 0 - } - { 1 eq - { y1 1 - } - { y1 exch y1 2 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } - { - /ct theta cos theta sin div def - /a ct ct mul 1 add def - /b ct x1 x0 sub mul y1 add y0 sub 2 mul def - /c x1 x0 sub dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def - a b c lfigqroots dup - 0 eq - { pop - 0 - } - { 1 eq - { y1 add /yb exch def - yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def - xb yb 1 - } - { y1 add /ya exch def - ya y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xa exch def - y1 add /yb exch def - yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def - xa ya xb yb 2 - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - end - % (Leaving lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint -} def - -% add CIRCUM operator with this body: <array> lfigcircumdef - -/lfigcircumdef -{ % (Entering lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint - /CIRCUM exch cvx - currentdict end - 3 1 roll - % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt - % { def } - % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop } - % ifelse - def - begin - % (Leaving lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint -} def - -end -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutGraphPrependGraphic -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/graphf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Graph (Version 1.0) % -% % -% Version 1.0 by Jeffrey H. Kingston, December 1993. % -% swapxandy added September 2001 by JHK. % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -errordict begin - /handleerror - { - { /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont - 0 setgray 4 pt 4 pt moveto - $error /errorname get - dup lgraphdict exch known - { lgraphdict exch get } - { 30 string cvs } ifelse - show - ( Command: ) show - $error /command get 30 string cvs show - } stopped {} if - showpage stop - } def -end - -/lgraphdebugposy 432 def -/lgraphdebugposx 72 def - -% - lgraphdebugnextline - -/lgraphdebugnextline -{ - lgraphdebugposy 72 lt - { /lgraphdebugposx lgraphdebugposx 144 add store - /lgraphdebugposy 432 store - } - { - /lgraphdebugposy lgraphdebugposy 12 sub store - } ifelse - lgraphdebugposx lgraphdebugposy moveto -} def - -% - lgraphdebugbeginindent - -/lgraphdebugbeginindent -{ - /lgraphdebugposx lgraphdebugposx 12 add store -} def - -% - lgraphdebugendindent - -/lgraphdebugendindent -{ - /lgraphdebugposx lgraphdebugposx 12 sub store -} def - -% <string> <int> lgraphdebugprint - -% must be defined outside lgraphdict since used in arbitrary places -% print <string> plus count or <int> stack entries, whichever is the smaller -/lgraphdebugprint -{ - exch - gsave - initgraphics - lgraphdebugnextline - /Times-Roman findfont 10 scalefont setfont - 0 setgray show - lgraphdebugbeginindent - count 1 sub 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 1 sub - 0 exch 1 exch - { - lgraphdebugnextline - index - dup type (dicttype) eq - { - (begin dict) show - lgraphdebugbeginindent - { - lgraphdebugnextline - pop 100 string cvs show - } forall - lgraphdebugendindent - lgraphdebugnextline - (end dict) show - } - { - dup type (arraytype) eq - { - (begin array) show - lgraphdebugbeginindent - { - lgraphdebugnextline - 100 string cvs show - } forall - lgraphdebugendindent - lgraphdebugnextline - (end array) show - } - { - 100 string cvs show - } ifelse - } ifelse - } for - lgraphdebugendindent - grestore -} def - - -/lgraphdict 200 dict def -lgraphdict begin - -% error messages -/dictfull (dictfull error) def -/dictstackoverflow (dictstackoverflow error) def -/execstackoverflow (execstackoverflow error: expression too complex?) def -/limitcheck (limitcheck error: graph too complex or too large?) def -/syntaxerror (syntaxerror error: syntax error in text of graph?) def -/typecheck (typecheck error: syntax error in text of graph?) def -/undefined (undefined error: unknown or misspelt symbol?) def -/rangecheck (rangecheck error: undefined expression (e.g. divide by zero)?) def -/VMError (VMError error: run out of memory?) def - -% random number between x and y inclusive: x y dorand num -/dorand { 1 index sub 1 add rand exch mod add } def - -% log to given base: base num dolog num -/dolog { ln exch ln div } def - -% maximum of two numbers: <num> <num> max <num> -/max { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - -% add two points: <point> <point> padd <point> -/padd { exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch } def - -% subtract first point from second: <point> <point> psub <point> -/psub { 3 2 roll sub 3 1 roll exch sub exch } def - -% distance between two points: <point> <point> distance <length> -/distance { psub dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt } def - -% point at angle and distance: <point> <length> <angle> atangle <point> -/atangle { 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul padd } def - -% angle from one point to another: <point> <point> angle <angle> -/angle { psub 2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq and {pop} {exch atan} ifelse } def - - -% set up for line -% - linesetup <length> <dashlength> -/linesetup -{ newpath - xcurr ycurr trpoint xprev yprev trpoint - 4 copy moveto lineto distance dashlength -} def - -% set up for icon-avoiding line -% - ilinesetup <length> <dashlength> -/ilinesetup -{ newpath - xprev yprev trpoint xcurr ycurr trpoint 4 copy - 4 copy angle symbolsize 1.5 mul exch 4 2 roll pop pop atangle - 6 2 roll 4 2 roll - 4 copy angle symbolsize 1.5 mul exch 4 2 roll pop pop atangle - 4 copy moveto lineto distance dashlength -} def - - -% stroke a solid line: <length> <dashlength> solid - -/solid -{ pop pop [] 0 setdash linewidth setlinewidth stroke -} def - -% stroke a dashed line: <length> <dashlength> dashed - -/dashed -{ 2 copy 2 mul le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt max [ exch dup ] 0 setdash } - { dup [ exch 4 2 roll 2 copy div - 1 sub 2 div ceiling dup 4 1 roll - 1 add mul sub exch div ] 0 setdash - } ifelse linewidth setlinewidth stroke -} def - -% stroke a cdashed line: <length> <dashlength> cdashed - -/cdashed -{ 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt max [ exch dup ] dup 0 get 2 div setdash } - { dup [ 4 2 roll exch 2 copy exch div - 2 div ceiling div 1 index sub - ] exch 2 div setdash - } ifelse linewidth setlinewidth stroke -} def - -% stroke a dotted line: <length> <dashlength> dotted - -/dotted -{ 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or - { exch pop 1 pt max [ exch 0 exch ] 0 setdash } - { 1 index exch div ceiling div 0.99999 mul - [ 0 3 2 roll ] 0 setdash - } ifelse gsave 1 setlinecap linewidth setlinewidth stroke grestore newpath -} def - -% stroke a noline line: <length> <dashlength> noline - -/noline -{ pop pop -} def - -% scale array elements by factor: <array> <factor> scalearray <array> -/scalearray -{ - [ exch 3 2 roll - { exch dup 3 1 roll mul exch } forall - pop ] -} def - -% sum array elements: <array> sumarray <number> -/sumarray -{ - 0 exch { add } forall -} def - -% begin a more complex line: <length> <dashlength> linebegin - -/linebegin -{ - % (Entering linebegin) 2 debugprint - 20 dict begin - /dashlen exch 1 pt max def - /len exch def - /gap dashlen def - /halfgap dashlen 2 div def - /dash dashlen def - /halfdash dashlen 2 div def - /dot 0 def - % (Leaving linebegin) 0 debugprint -} def -% end a more complex line: <linecap> <cycle> <startpos> <stoppos> lineend - -/lineend -{ - % (Entering lineend) 3 debugprint - /stoppos exch def - /startpos exch def - /cycle exch def - /linecap exch def - /stopposlen stoppos sumarray def - /startposlen startpos sumarray def - /cyclelen cycle sumarray def - /effectivelen len startposlen add stopposlen sub def - effectivelen 0 gt cyclelen 0 gt and - { - /repeats effectivelen cyclelen div ceiling def - /factor len repeats cyclelen mul startposlen sub stopposlen add div def - cycle factor scalearray startposlen factor mul setdash - linecap setlinecap stroke - } if - end - % (Leaving lineend) 0 debugprint -} def - -% stroke a dotdashed line: <length> <dashlength> dotdashed - -/dotdashed -{ - linebegin - 1 [dash gap dot gap] [] [dash] - lineend -} def - -% stroke a dotcdashed line: <length> <dashlength> dotcdashed - -/dotcdashed -{ - linebegin - 1 [dash gap dot gap] [halfdash] [halfdash] - lineend -} def - -% stroke a dotdotdashed line: <length> <dashlength> dotdotdashed - -/dotdotdashed -{ - linebegin - 1 [dash gap dot gap dot gap] [] [dash] - lineend -} def - -% stroke a dotdotcdashed line: <length> <dashlength> dotdotcdashed - -/dotdotcdashed -{ - linebegin - 1 [dash gap dot gap dot gap] [halfdash] [halfdash] - lineend -} def - -% stroke a dotdotdotdashed line: <length> <dashlength> dotdotdotdashed - -/dotdotdotdashed -{ - linebegin - 1 [dash gap dot gap dot gap dot gap] [] [dash] - lineend -} def - -% stroke a dotdotdotcdashed line: <length> <dashlength> dotdotdotcdashed - -/dotdotdotcdashed -{ - linebegin - 1 [dash gap dot gap dot gap dot gap] [halfdash] [halfdash] - lineend -} def - - -% stroke a y histogram: - yhisto - -/yhisto -{ xprev yleft trpoint yextra sub moveto - xprev yprev trpoint lineto - xcurr yprev trpoint lineto - xcurr yleft trpoint yextra sub lineto - linewidth setlinewidth stroke -} def - -% stroke an x histogram: - xhisto - -/xhisto -{ xleft yprev trpoint exch xextra sub exch moveto - xcurr yprev trpoint lineto - xcurr ycurr trpoint lineto - xleft ycurr trpoint exch xextra sub exch lineto - linewidth setlinewidth stroke -} def - -% stroke a surface y histogram: - surfaceyhisto - -/surfaceyhisto -{ firstpair - { xprev yleft trpoint yextra sub moveto - xprev yprev trpoint lineto - } - { xprev yprev trpoint moveto - } ifelse - xcurr yprev trpoint lineto - lastpair - { xcurr yleft trpoint yextra sub lineto - } - { xcurr ycurr trpoint lineto - } ifelse - linewidth setlinewidth stroke -} def - -% stroke a surface x histogram: - surfacexhisto - -/surfacexhisto -{ firstpair - { xleft yprev trpoint exch xextra sub exch moveto - } - { xprev yprev trpoint moveto - } ifelse - xcurr yprev trpoint lineto - xcurr ycurr trpoint lineto - lastpair - { xleft ycurr trpoint exch xextra sub exch lineto - } if - linewidth setlinewidth stroke -} def - -% % pre-texture versions -% % stroke a filled y histogram: - filledyhisto - -% /filledyhisto -% { -% linewidth setlinewidth -% xprev yleft trpoint exch currentlinewidth 2 div add exch yextra sub moveto -% xprev yprev trpoint exch currentlinewidth 2 div add exch lineto -% xcurr yprev trpoint exch currentlinewidth 2 div sub exch lineto -% xcurr yleft trpoint exch currentlinewidth 2 div sub exch yextra sub lineto -% closepath fill -% } def - -% % stroke a filled x histogram: - filledxhisto - -% /filledxhisto -% { -% linewidth setlinewidth -% xleft yprev trpoint currentlinewidth 2 div add exch xextra sub exch moveto -% xcurr yprev trpoint currentlinewidth 2 div add lineto -% xcurr ycurr trpoint currentlinewidth 2 div sub lineto -% xleft ycurr trpoint currentlinewidth 2 div sub exch xextra sub exch lineto -% closepath fill -% } def - -% stroke a filled y histogram: - filledyhisto - -/filledyhisto -{ - linewidth setlinewidth - xprev yleft trpoint exch currentlinewidth 1.3 mul add exch yextra sub moveto - xprev yprev trpoint exch currentlinewidth 1.3 mul add exch lineto - xcurr yprev trpoint exch currentlinewidth 1.3 mul sub exch lineto - xcurr yleft trpoint exch currentlinewidth 1.3 mul sub exch yextra sub lineto - gsave texture fill grestore stroke -} def - -% stroke a filled x histogram: - filledxhisto - -/filledxhisto -{ - linewidth setlinewidth - xleft yprev trpoint currentlinewidth 1.3 mul add exch xextra sub exch moveto - xcurr yprev trpoint currentlinewidth 1.3 mul add lineto - xcurr ycurr trpoint currentlinewidth 1.3 mul sub lineto - xleft ycurr trpoint currentlinewidth 1.3 mul sub exch xextra sub exch lineto - gsave texture fill grestore stroke -} def - - -% docross: show a cross with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> docross - -/docross -{ - setlinewidth - /ss exch def - newpath - moveto - ss neg ss neg rmoveto - ss 2 mul ss 2 mul rlineto - 0 ss -2 mul rmoveto - ss -2 mul ss 2 mul rlineto - [] 0 setdash 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% cross: show a cross -% - cross - -/cross { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth docross } def - -% doplus: show a plus with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> doplus - -/doplus -{ - setlinewidth - /ss exch def - newpath - moveto - ss neg 0 rmoveto - ss 2 mul 0 rlineto - ss neg ss neg rmoveto - 0 ss 2 mul rlineto - [] 0 setdash 0 setlinecap stroke -} def - -% plus: show a plus -% - plus - -/plus { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth doplus } def - -% dosquare: show an open square with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% NB symbolsize is reduced by half the line width to get size exactly right -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dosquare - -/dosquare -{ - dup setlinewidth - 0.5 mul sub 0 max /ss exch def - newpath - moveto - ss neg ss neg rmoveto - ss 2 mul 0 rlineto - 0 ss 2 mul rlineto - ss -2 mul 0 rlineto - closepath [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% square: show an open square -% - square - -/square { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dosquare } def - -% dofilledsquare: show filled square with given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% NB symbollinewidth is not used -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dofilledsquare - -/dofilledsquare -{ - pop /ss exch def - newpath - moveto - ss neg ss neg rmoveto - ss 2 mul 0 rlineto - 0 ss 2 mul rlineto - ss -2 mul 0 rlineto - closepath fill -} def - -% filledsquare: show a filled square -% - filledsquare - -/filledsquare { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dofilledsquare } def - -% dodiamond: show an open diamond with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% NB symbolsize is reduced by half the line width to get size exactly right -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dodiamond - -/dodiamond -{ - dup setlinewidth - 0.5 mul sub 0 max /ss exch def - newpath - moveto - ss neg 0 rmoveto - ss ss neg rlineto - ss ss rlineto - ss neg ss rlineto - closepath [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% diamond: show an open diamond -% - diamond - -/diamond { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dodiamond } def - -% dofilleddiamond: show filled diamond with given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% NB symbollinewidth is not used -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dofilleddiamond - -/dofilleddiamond -{ - pop /ss exch def - newpath - moveto - ss neg 0 rmoveto - ss ss neg rlineto - ss ss rlineto - ss neg ss rlineto - closepath fill -} def - -% filleddiamond: show a filled diamond -% - filleddiamond - -/filleddiamond { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dofilleddiamond } def - -% docircle: show an open circle with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% NB symbolsize is reduced by half the line width to get size exactly right -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> docircle - -/docircle -{ - dup setlinewidth - 0.5 mul sub 0 max /ss exch def - newpath - ss 0 360 arc [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% circle: show an open circle -% - circle - -/circle { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth docircle } def - -% dofilledcircle: show filled circle with given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% NB symbollinewidth is not used -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dofilledcircle - -/dofilledcircle -{ - pop /ss exch def - newpath - ss 0 360 arc fill -} def - -% filledcircle: show a filled circle -% - filledcircle - -/filledcircle { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dofilledcircle } def - -% dotriangle: show an open triangle with a given symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% NB symbolsize is reduced by half the line width to get size exactly right -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dotriangle - -/dotriangle -{ - dup setlinewidth - 0.5 mul sub 0 max /ss exch def - newpath - moveto - 0 ss 1.5 mul rmoveto - ss neg ss -2.5 mul rlineto - ss 2 mul 0 rlineto - closepath [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% triangle: show an open triangle -% - triangle - -/triangle { xcurr ycurr trpoint symbolsize symbollinewidth dotriangle } def - -% dofilledtriangle: show filled triangle with symbolsize and symbollinewidth -% NB symbollinewidth is not used -% <x> <y> <symbolsize> <symbollinewidth> dofilledtriangle - -/dofilledtriangle -{ - pop /ss exch def - newpath - moveto - 0 ss 1.5 mul rmoveto - ss neg ss -2.5 mul rlineto - ss 2 mul 0 rlineto - closepath fill -} def - -% filledtriangle: show a filled triangle -% - filledtriangle - -/filledtriangle { symbolsize symbollinewidth dofilledtriangle } def - - -%plog: like log only with a base, and protected from failing if <= 0 -% base x plog res -/plog { dup 0 le { pop pop 0 } { ln exch ln div } ifelse } def - -% xtr: transform one x value logarithmically if xlog > 1 -% <num> xtr <num> -/xtr -{ xlog 1 gt - { xlog exch plog - } if -} def - -% ytr: transform one y value logarithmically if ylog > 1 -% <num> ytr <num> -/ytr -{ ylog 1 gt - { ylog exch plog - } if -} def - - -% trpoint: transform (x, y) in graph space into (x', y') in print space -% x y trpoint x' y' -/trpoint -{ exch xtr xdecr { trxmax exch sub } { trxmin sub } ifelse - trxmax trxmin sub div xwidth mul xextra add - - exch ytr ydecr { trymax exch sub } { trymin sub } ifelse - trymax trymin sub div ywidth mul yextra add -} def - - -% yonly: interpolate x values 1, 2, ... into data -% [ data ] yonly [ newdata ] -/yonly -{ dup /tmp exch def - length [ exch 1 exch 1 exch - { dup tmp exch 1 sub get - } for - ] -} def - -% xonly: interpolate y values 1, 2, ... into data -% [ data ] yonly [ newdata ] -/xonly -{ dup /tmp exch def - length [ exch 1 exch 1 exch - { dup tmp exch 1 sub get exch - } for - ] -} def - -% xandy: no interpolation of x or y values -% [ data ] xandy [ data ] -/xandy {} def - -% swapxandy: swap x and y values -% [ data ] swapxandy [ data ] -/swapxandy -{ dup /tmp exch def - length [ exch 2 exch 2 exch - { dup tmp exch 1 sub get exch 2 sub tmp exch get - } for - ] -} def - - -% expstringwidth: calculate width of string containing optional exponent -% <string> expstringwidth <width> -/expstringwidth -{ (^) search - { exch pop stringwidth pop exch stringwidth pop 0.7 mul add } - { stringwidth pop } - ifelse -} def - -% expstringshow: show string containing optional exponent -% <string> expstringshow - -/expstringshow -{ (^) search - { exch pop show 0 0.5 ft rmoveto - gsave currentfont 0.7 scalefont setfont show grestore - } - { show - } - ifelse -} def - -% concatenate two strings: <string> <string> strconcat <string> -/strconcat -{ 2 copy length exch length add string - dup 0 4 index putinterval - dup 3 index length 3 index putinterval - 3 1 roll pop pop -} def - -% lgen: generate one label automatically -% num lgen num string -/lgen { dup 20 string cvs } def - -% loglgen: generate one logarithmic label (with exponent) -% <base> <exponent> loglgen <string> -/loglgen -{ 20 string cvs exch 20 string cvs - (^) strconcat exch strconcat -} def - - -% printxtick: print one x tick -% xpos printxtick - -/printxtick -{ newpath - yleft trpoint moveto 0 yextra neg rmoveto - 0 xticklength neg rlineto [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% printxgrid: print one x grid line -% xpos printxgrid - -/printxgrid -{ dup newpath - yleft trpoint moveto 0 yextra neg rmoveto - yright trpoint lineto 0 yextra rlineto [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% printxlabel: print one x label -% (xlabel) xpos printxlabel - -/printxlabel -{ yleft trpoint moveto 0 yextra neg rmoveto - 0 xticklength neg rmoveto 0 0.9 ft neg rmoveto - xlog 1 gt { 0 0.3 ft neg rmoveto } if - dup expstringwidth -2 div 0 rmoveto expstringshow -} def - -% printytick: print one y tick -% ypos printytick - -/printytick -{ newpath - xleft exch trpoint moveto xextra neg 0 rmoveto - yticklength neg 0 rlineto [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% printygrid: print one y grid line -% ypos printygrid - -/printygrid -{ dup newpath - xleft exch trpoint moveto xextra neg 0 rmoveto - xright exch trpoint lineto xextra 0 rlineto [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% printylabel: print one y label -% (ylabel) ypos printylabel - -/printylabel -{ xleft exch trpoint moveto xextra neg 0 rmoveto - yticklength neg 0 rmoveto -0.3 ft -0.3 ft rmoveto - dup expstringwidth neg 0 rmoveto expstringshow -} def - -% printrtick: print one r tick -% ypos printrtick - -/printrtick -{ newpath - xright exch trpoint moveto xextra 0 rmoveto - rticklength 0 rlineto [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% printrlabel: print one r label -% (rlabel) ypos printrlabel - -/printrlabel -{ xright exch trpoint moveto xextra 0 rmoveto - rticklength 0 rmoveto 0.3 ft -0.3 ft rmoveto - expstringshow -} def - -% printticks: print ticks and labels -% /tickproc /labelproc [ tickandlabeldata ] min printticks - -/printticks -{ /prev exch def - { dup type dup dup /integertype eq exch /realtype eq or - { pop dup /prev exch def 2 index cvx exec - } - { /stringtype eq - { prev 2 index cvx exec - } - { pop - } ifelse - } ifelse - } forall - pop pop -} def - - -% printxaxistick: print one x axis tick -% xpos printxaxistick - -/printxaxistick -{ newpath - yaxis trpoint moveto 0 xticklength -2 div rmoveto - 0 xticklength rlineto [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% printxaxislabel: print one x axis label -% (xlabel) xpos printxaxislabel - -/printxaxislabel -{ yaxis trpoint moveto - 0 xticklength -2 div rmoveto 0 0.9 ft neg rmoveto - xlog 1 gt { 0 0.3 ft neg rmoveto } if - dup expstringwidth -2 div 0 rmoveto expstringshow -} def - -% printyaxistick: print one y axis tick -% ypos printyaxistick - -/printyaxistick -{ newpath - xaxis exch trpoint moveto - yticklength -2 div 0 rmoveto - yticklength 0 rlineto [] 0 setdash stroke -} def - -% printyaxislabel: print one y axis label -% (ylabel) ypos printyaxislabel - -/printyaxislabel -{ xaxis exch trpoint moveto - yticklength -2 div 0 rmoveto -0.3 ft -0.3 ft rmoveto - dup expstringwidth neg 0 rmoveto expstringshow -} def - - -% <val> minmax - -% perform minv := min(minv, val); maxv := max(maxv, val) -% allowing for the possibility of minv, maxv, val being false (undefined) -/minmax -{ dup false eq - { pop } - { minv false eq - { dup /minv exch def /maxv exch def } - { dup minv lt - { /minv exch def } - { dup maxv gt - { /maxv exch def } - { pop } - ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse - } ifelse -} def - -% <ticks> ticksundef <ticks> <bool> -% returns true iff the ticks array is undefined (one false entry) -/ticksundef -{ dup length 1 eq - { dup 0 get false eq - } - { false } - ifelse -} def - -% <number> integral <boolean> -% true if the number has an integral value -/integral { dup round eq } def - -% ticksep ticks xory alldata minval maxval axis base ticksandlimits ticks min max base -% ticksandlimits: sort out value of x or y ticks and limits and log base -/ticksandlimits -{ /base exch def - /minv false def - /maxv false def - - % min and max of user-supplied minval, maxval, and axis - minmax minmax minmax - - % min and max of data points - { 0 get dup dup length 1 sub 3 index exch 2 exch - { get minmax dup - } for pop pop - } forall - pop dup - - % min and max of tick values - { dup type /stringtype eq - { pop } { minmax } ifelse - } forall - - % fix minv and maxv if undefined (false) or equal - minv false eq - { /minv -1 def /maxv 1 def } - { minv maxv eq - { minv 0 lt - { /minv 2 minv mul def /maxv 0 def - } - { minv 0 eq - { /minv -1 def /maxv 1 def - } - { /minv 0 def /maxv 2 maxv mul def - } ifelse - } ifelse - } if - } ifelse - - % invent ticks if undefined - ticksundef - { pop /ticksep exch def - - % if base is reasonable and minv is positive, logarithmic ticks - base 1 gt minv 0 gt and - { - % get integral log of minv and maxv - /logminv base minv plog floor cvi def - /logmaxv base maxv plog ceiling cvi def - - % if minv close to base, make it 1; reset minv and maxv - logminv 1 eq logmaxv 4 ge and { /logminv 0 def } if - /minv base logminv exp def - /maxv base logmaxv exp def - - % ticks := [ base**logminv, ... , base**logmaxv ] - [ logminv 1 logmaxv - { dup base exch exp - exch base exch loglgen - } for - ] - } - { % non-logarithmic ticks - { - % fix tick separation if undefined (0) or too small - /base 0 def - /delta maxv minv sub def - ticksep delta 30 div le - { /ticksep 10 delta log 1 sub ceiling exp def - ticksep delta 2 div ge - { /ticksep ticksep 2 div def } - { ticksep delta 5 div lt - { /ticksep 2 ticksep mul def - } if - } ifelse - } if - - % adjust minv and maxv to be multiples of ticksep - /minv minv ticksep div floor ticksep mul def - /maxv maxv ticksep div ceiling ticksep mul def - /delta maxv minv sub def - - % if minv or maxv near zero, move to zero and redo - minv ticksep eq - { /minv 0 def } - { maxv ticksep neg eq { /maxv 0 def } { exit } ifelse - } ifelse - } loop - - % if minv, maxv, and ticksep are all integral, set "makeint" to true - /makeint minv integral maxv integral ticksep integral and and def - - % ticks := [ minv, minv+ticksep, ... , maxv ] - [ 0 1 delta ticksep div round - { ticksep mul minv add makeint { cvi } if lgen } - for - ] - } ifelse - } - { exch pop - } ifelse - minv maxv base -} def - -% xset: set up all data for x axis, including limits and ticks -% xticksep xticks 0 alldata xmin xmax xlog xextra xdecr xaxis xticklength xset - -/xset -{ /xticklength exch def - /xaxis exch def - /xdecr exch def - /xextra exch def - xaxis exch ticksandlimits - /xlog exch def /xmax exch def /xmin exch def /xticks exch def - /xleft xdecr { xmax } { xmin } ifelse def - /xright xdecr { xmin } { xmax } ifelse def - /xwidth xsize xextra 2 mul sub def - /trxmin xmin xtr def /trxmax xmax xtr def -} def - -% yset: set up all data for y axis, including limits and yticks -% yticksep yticks 0 alldata ymin ymax ylog yextra ydecr yaxis yticklength yset - -/yset -{ /yticklength exch def - /yaxis exch def - /ydecr exch def - /yextra exch def - yaxis exch ticksandlimits - /ylog exch def /ymax exch def /ymin exch def /yticks exch def - /yleft ydecr { ymax } { ymin } ifelse def - /yright ydecr { ymin } { ymax } ifelse def - /ywidth ysize yextra 2 mul sub def - /trymin ymin ytr def /trymax ymax ytr def -} def - -% rset: set up all data for y axis (again), but including limits and rticks -% rticksep rticks 0 alldata ymin ymax ylog yextra ydecr yaxis rticklength rset - -/rset -{ /rticklength exch def - /yaxis exch def - /ydecr exch def - /yextra exch def - yaxis exch ticksandlimits - /ylog exch def /ymax exch def /ymin exch def /rticks exch def - /yleft ydecr { ymax } { ymin } ifelse def - /yright ydecr { ymin } { ymax } ifelse def - /ywidth ysize yextra 2 mul sub def - /trymin ymin ytr def /trymax ymax ytr def -} def - -% norset: set up data for no rticks -% - norset - -/norset -{ /rticklength 0 def - /rticks [] def -} def - -% framestyle: print a frame around the graph -/framestyle -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto - 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke - /printxtick /printxlabel xticks xleft printticks - /printytick /printylabel yticks ymin printticks - /printrtick /printrlabel rticks ymin printticks -} def - -% gridstyle: print a frame around the graph, plus a grid -/gridstyle -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto - 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke - /printxgrid /printxlabel xticks xleft printticks - /printygrid /printylabel yticks ymin printticks - /printrtick /printrlabel rticks ymin printticks -} def - -% nonestyle: print nothing around the graph -/nonestyle -{ -} def - -% axesstyle: print axes for the graph (unless axis values missing) -/axesstyle -{ - xaxis false eq yaxis false eq or - { framestyle } - { xaxis yaxis trpoint dup 0 exch moveto xsize exch lineto - dup 0 moveto ysize lineto stroke - /printxaxistick /printxaxislabel xticks xleft printticks - /printyaxistick /printyaxislabel yticks ymin printticks - } ifelse -} def - -% rundata: run all data sets -/rundata -{ alldata - { gsave - dup dup dup dup dup - 5 get /texture exch def - 4 get /dopaint exch def - 3 get /initrun exch def - 2 get /pairs exch def - 1 get /points exch def - 0 get /data exch def - dopaint - { data length 4 ge - { - gsave - initrun - newpath - data 0 get ymin trpoint yextra sub moveto - 0 2 data length 2 sub - { dup 1 add - data exch get /ycurr exch def - data exch get /xcurr exch def - xcurr ycurr trpoint lineto - } for - data dup length 2 sub get ymin trpoint yextra sub lineto - closepath texture fill - grestore - } if - } if - initrun - data length 2 ge - { - /xcurr data 0 get def - /ycurr data 1 get def - points - data length 4 ge - { 2 2 data length 2 sub - { /xprev xcurr def - /yprev ycurr def - dup dup 2 eq /firstpair exch def - data length 2 sub eq /lastpair exch def - dup 1 add - data exch get /ycurr exch def - data exch get /xcurr exch def - pairs - points - } for - } if - } if - grestore - } forall -} def - -end -%%EndResource - -%%BeginResource: procset LoutBasicSetup -% @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/bsf.lpg -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% % -% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @BasicSetup % -% % -% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % -% Jeffrey H. Kingston % -% % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -% width height linethickness louteuro - -% draw a Euro symbol of this width and height with this line thickness -/louteuro { - 20 dict begin - /eurothick exch def - /euroheight exch def - /eurowidth exch def - /eurostrokewidth euroheight 0.8 mul def - /eurostep eurothick 60 cos mul 60 sin div def - /eurotheta 40 def - - % llx lly width thickness louteurobox - - % draw angled box starting at (llx, lly) with given width and thickness - /louteurobox - { - /euroboxthick exch def - /euroboxwidth exch def - newpath moveto euroboxwidth 0 rlineto - eurostep euroboxthick rlineto - euroboxwidth neg 0 rlineto closepath fill - } def - - % lower cross stroke - 0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 1.5 mul sub - eurostrokewidth eurothick louteurobox - - % upper cross stroke - 0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 0.5 mul add - eurostrokewidth eurostep 2 mul add eurothick louteurobox - - % circular part - /eurohctr eurowidth euroheight 2 div eurotheta cos mul sub def - /eurovctr euroheight 2 div def - newpath - eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurotheta 350 eurotheta sub arc - eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurothick sub 365 eurotheta sub eurotheta arcn - closepath fill - end -} def - -% path for @FullWidthRule symbol -/LoutRule -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto -} def - -% path for @Box symbol -/LoutBox -{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto - closepath -} def - -% path for @CurveBox symbol -/LoutCurveBox -{ xmark 0 moveto - xsize xmark sub xmark xmark 270 360 arc - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub xmark 0 90 arc - xmark ysize xmark sub xmark 90 180 arc - xmark xmark xmark 180 270 arc - closepath -} def - -% path for @ShadowBox symbol -/LoutShadowBox -{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto - xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto - xsize xmark sub xmark lineto - xmark 2 mul xmark lineto - closepath -} def - -% set up dictionary containing margin note data: parity LoutMargSet - -/LoutMargSet -{ /LoutMargDict 12 dict def - LoutMargDict begin - /parity exch def - /matr matrix currentmatrix def - /rightx xsize def - /lefty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next left note - /righty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next right note - /max { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - /min { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def - end -} def - -%translate coordinate system for marginal notes: type LoutMargShift - -% where type 0 is left margin, 1 is right margin, 2 is outer, 3 is inner -/LoutMargShift -{ LoutMargDict begin - - % y coordinate of top of note, in margin coords, before vertical adjust - 0 ysize transform matr itransform exch pop - - % decide whether left or right margin based on type and parity - exch [ 0 1 parity 1 parity sub ] exch get 0 eq - { - % left margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note - lefty min - - % bottom of note is new lefty position and also translate position - ysize sub dup /lefty exch def - - % want right edge of note at coordinate zero - xsize neg exch - } - { - % right margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note - righty min - - % bottom of note is new righty position and also translate position - ysize sub dup /righty exch def - - % want left edge of note at coordinate rightx - rightx exch - } ifelse - - % stack now contains coord of bottom left corner in margin coordinates - matr setmatrix translate - end -} def - -% create LoutPageDict with left, right, foot, top for @Place symbol users -/LoutPageSet -{ - /LoutPageDict 5 dict def - LoutPageDict begin - /matr matrix currentmatrix def - /left 0 def - /right xsize def - /foot 0 def - /top ysize def - end - -} def - -%%EndResource - -%%EndProlog - -%%BeginSetup -%%BeginResource: encoding vec2 -/vec2 [ -/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef -/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef -/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef -/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef -/space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright -/parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash -/zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven -/eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question -/at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G -/H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O -/P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W -/X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore -/quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g -/h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o -/p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w -/x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef -/quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /ellipsis /OE /oe /quotedblleft /quotedblright /fi -/fl /endash /emdash /bullet /dagger /daggerdbl /florin /fraction -/dotlessi /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent -/dieresis /.notdef /ring /cedilla /.notdef /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron -/space /exclamdown /cent /sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section -/dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron -/degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered -/cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown -/Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla -/Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis -/Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply -/Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls -/agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla -/egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis -/eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide -/oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis -] def -%%EndResource - 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-This directory contains the Lout source files for the User's -Guide to the Lout Document Formatting System. A copy of the -final PostScript output file (A4 paper size) is stored at -"ftp://ftp.it.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout/lout-3.40.user.ps.gz". -To produce the Guide yourself, type the command - - lout -r5 all > user.ps - -in this directory. The -r5 flag causes Lout to run over the -document five times. This is needed to completely resolve all -cross references, although a readable PostScript file would be -produced after one run if -r was omitted. Auxiliary files with -.li and .ld suffixes will be created in this directory. - -Slight changes (e.g. to Letter paper size) could easily cause -the number of required runs to increase. I've kept it down -to 5 by rewriting to eliminate cases where the number of pages -consumed by a chapter varies from run to run. - -The first run will produce a large number of error messages, -nearly all beginning with "unresolved cross reference". These -should gradually go away on later runs. The following shows the -error message output on the fifth run for A4 size printing: - -lout: - : lout -r beginning run 5: -lout file "gra_tick" (from "gra" line 38, from "all" line 46): - 234,1: 23.7c object too high for 23.6c space; @Scale inserted -lout file "gra_summ" (from "gra" line 44, from "all" line 46): - 10,1: 25.7c object too high for 23.6c space; @Scale inserted -lout file "prg_tabs" (from "prg" line 152, from "all" line 48): - 66,23: prg2lout 2,1: program text ended within comment - 68,35: prg2lout 2,1: program text ended within comment - -The first two warnings are about large tables that had to be scaled -down slightly to fit on the page. The last two warnings point to -two places where a C program text ended inside a comment, which in -these cases was deliberate. If you set the document in Letter size -paper, you will get a somewhat different set of warning messages. - -Optimal page breaking has been turned off for this document owing to -failure to converge, caused by footnotes and floating figures close -to large unbreakable displays. - -Jeffrey H. Kingston -26 June 2013 diff --git a/doc/doc/user/all b/doc/doc/user/all deleted file mode 100644 index b40344d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/all +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -@SysInclude { xrgb } -@SysInclude { tab } -@SysInclude { tbl } -@SysInclude { math } -@SysInclude { graph } -@SysInclude { pie } -@SysInclude { pas } -@SysInclude { diag } -@SysInclude { cprint } -@SysInclude { eiffel } -@SysInclude { perl } -@Include { mybook } -# @Include { letterbook } # for testing Letter size formatting - -@SysDatabase @Reference { loutrefs } - -@Book - @Title { A User's Guide to the - -Lout - -Document Formatting System -} - @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Edition { Version 3.40 -June 2013 } - @Publisher { -Copyright @CopyRight 1991, 2013 Jeffrey H. Kingston, -School of Information Technologies, -The University of Sydney 2006, Australia. ISBN 0 86758 951 5. -} - @InitialLanguage { English } - # @OptimizePages { Yes } -// - -@Include { preface } -@Include { bas } -@Include { str } -@Include { typ } -@Include { fmt } -@Include { ref } -@Include { tbl } -@Include { mat } -@Include { bgr } -@Include { dia } -@Include { gra } -@Include { pie } -@Include { prg } -@Include { pascal } -@Include { ap_qck } -@Include { ap_byp } -@Include { ap_col } diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ap_byp b/doc/doc/user/ap_byp deleted file mode 100644 index 002f439..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ap_byp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,100 +0,0 @@ -@Appendix - @Title { Bypass Symbols } - @Tag { bypass } -@Begin -@PP -The `bypass' symbols described in this appendix are intended to be -bypass.symbols @Index { bypass symbols } -used in Lout which is generated by computer programs. Their purpose -is to bypass the Lout cross reference database, and so reduce the -number of passes needed to finalise a document. These symbols are not -intended to be used by people, because that would only lead back to the -consistency problems that prompted the introduction of cross references -in the first place. -@PP -To produce a bypass table of contents, set the @Code "@MakeContents" -setup file option to @Code "Bypass" and use @Code "@BypassContentsEntry" -symbols at the outermost level just before the introduction or first -chapter: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@BypassContentsEntry" } -@Rowa - A { " indent { 0f }" } - B { the indent, e.g. {@Code "0f"}, {@Code "2f"}, {@Code "4f"} ... } -@Rowa - A { " number {}" } - B { the section (etc.) number e.g. {@Code "5.2"} } -@Rowa - A { " title {}" } - B { the section (etc.) title e.g. @Code "Azaleas" } -@Rowa - A { " pagenum {}" } - B { the page number e.g. @Code "@PageOf azaleas" } -} -For major entries such as chapters, use @Code "@BypassMajorContentsEntry" -with the same options. This increases the vertical spacing and uses -bold font. When @Code "@MakeContents" is {@Code "Bypass"}, no contents -entries will be produced automatically. -@PP -To bypass Lout's automatic numbering of large-scale structure symbols, -use the @Code "@BypassNumber" option: -@ID @Code { -"@Section" -" @Title { Azaleas }" -" @Tag { azaleas }" -" @BypassNumber { 5.2 }" -"..." -} -Give the full `path number' (5.2, B.3 or whatever) of the symbol. There is -a @Code "@BypassNumber" option for every symbol that has a @Code "@Title" -option and is usually assigned a number automatically by Lout, plus -{@Code "@Figure"}, {@Code "@Table"}, and (since Version 3.36) the numbered -display symbols. No changes to the setup file are required in order to use -{@Code "@BypassNumber"}, and it is permitted for some large-scale structure -symbols to have this option and others not. -@PP -To produce a bypass reference list, set the @Code "@MakeReferences" -setup file option to @Code "Bypass" and place reference entries at the -end of the document, after the last chapter or other large-scale structure -symbol but before any bypass index entries (see below), like this: -@ID @Code { -"@BypassReference" -" label { [Kin94a] }" -" value { @RefPrint kingston1995lout.expert }" -} -The two options are objects which become the label and value of the -reference entry. The @Code "value" option can be any object, including -an explicit reference; but @Code "@RefPrint" does not introduce any -cross-referencing delay if the @Code "@Reference" symbols lie in a -separate database file. No sorting or removal of duplicate entries -will be done by Lout. When @Code "@MakeReferences" is {@Code "Bypass"}, -@Code "@Cite" and related symbols are ignored. -@PP -There is also @Code "@BypassChapReference" with the same options for -producing bypass chapter reference lists; these symbols should be -placed at the outer level immediately after the preface, introduction, -chapter or appendix that they refer to. -@PP -To produce bypass indexes, set the @Code "@MakeIndex" setup file -option to {@Code Bypass} and use the @Code "@BypassRawIndex" symbol -repeatedly at the very end of the document, enclosed in -@Code "@BypassBeginIndex" and @Code "@BypassEndIndex" symbols: -@ID @Code { -"@BypassBeginIndex" -"@BypassRawIndex indent { 0f } { Azaleas, @PageOf azaleas }" -"..." -"@BypassEndIndex" -} -The @Code "indent" option gives the indent ({@Code "0f"}, @Code {"1f"}, -@Code {2f}, etc.), and the right parameter is as for @Code "@RawIndex". No -@Code "@PageMark" operations, sorting, merging, or attachment of page -numbers will be done by Lout. When @Code "@MakeIndex" is {@Code Bypass}, -@Code "@Index" and related symbols are ignored. At present, bypass -index symbols work only in books, not with ordinary documents or -technical reports. There are corresponding symbols for creating -bypass indexes A and B. -@End @Appendix diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ap_col b/doc/doc/user/ap_col deleted file mode 100644 index 495deea..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ap_col +++ /dev/null @@ -1,581 +0,0 @@ -@Appendix - @Title { Lots More Colours } - @Tag { morecolours } -@Begin -Here is the long list of extra colours, said to be from the -xrgb @Index { @Code "@Xrgb" symbol } -X windows system, that you can get by placing -@Code "@SysInclude { xrgb }" at the start of your document and -using the @Code "@Xrgb" symbol. For example, you might write -@ID @Code "{@Xrgb oldlace} @Colour ..." -or -@ID @Code "@Box paint { @Xrgb oldlace } ..." -You can't get these colours just by giving their -names; you have to use the @Code "@Xrgb" symbol. Wherever -@Code "grey" appears it may also be spelt {@Code gray}. -@PP -There are 541 colours here. I've removed capitalized alternative -spellings and hyphens from the information provided to me. Thanks -to Mark Summerfield for providing this information. -@DP -@XRGBTest black -@XRGBTest snow -@XRGBTest ghostwhite -@XRGBTest whitesmoke -@XRGBTest gainsboro -@XRGBTest floralwhite -@XRGBTest oldlace -@XRGBTest linen -@XRGBTest antiquewhite -@XRGBTest papayawhip -@XRGBTest blanchedalmond -@XRGBTest bisque -@XRGBTest peachpuff -@XRGBTest navajowhite -@XRGBTest moccasin -@XRGBTest cornsilk -@XRGBTest ivory -@XRGBTest lemonchiffon -@XRGBTest seashell -@XRGBTest honeydew -@XRGBTest mintcream -@XRGBTest azure -@XRGBTest aliceblue -@XRGBTest lavender -@XRGBTest lavenderblush -@XRGBTest mistyrose -@XRGBTest white -@XRGBTest darkslategrey -@XRGBTest dimgrey -@XRGBTest slategrey -@XRGBTest lightslategrey -@XRGBTest grey -@XRGBTest lightgrey -@XRGBTest midnightblue -@XRGBTest navy -@XRGBTest navyblue -@XRGBTest cornflowerblue -@XRGBTest darkslateblue -@XRGBTest slateblue -@XRGBTest mediumslateblue -@XRGBTest lightslateblue -@XRGBTest mediumblue -@XRGBTest royalblue -@XRGBTest blue -@XRGBTest dodgerblue -@XRGBTest deepskyblue -@XRGBTest skyblue -@XRGBTest lightskyblue -@XRGBTest steelblue -@XRGBTest lightsteelblue -@XRGBTest lightblue -@XRGBTest powderblue -@XRGBTest paleturquoise -@XRGBTest darkturquoise -@XRGBTest mediumturquoise -@XRGBTest turquoise -@XRGBTest cyan -@XRGBTest lightcyan -@XRGBTest cadetblue -@XRGBTest mediumaquamarine -@XRGBTest aquamarine -@XRGBTest darkgreen -@XRGBTest darkolivegreen -@XRGBTest darkseagreen -@XRGBTest seagreen -@XRGBTest mediumseagreen -@XRGBTest lightseagreen -@XRGBTest palegreen -@XRGBTest springgreen -@XRGBTest lawngreen -@XRGBTest green -@XRGBTest chartreuse -@XRGBTest mediumspringgreen -@XRGBTest greenyellow -@XRGBTest limegreen -@XRGBTest yellowgreen -@XRGBTest forestgreen -@XRGBTest olivedrab -@XRGBTest darkkhaki -@XRGBTest khaki -@XRGBTest palegoldenrod -@XRGBTest lightgoldenrodyellow -@XRGBTest lightyellow -@XRGBTest yellow -@XRGBTest gold -@XRGBTest lightgoldenrod -@XRGBTest goldenrod -@XRGBTest darkgoldenrod -@XRGBTest rosybrown -@XRGBTest indianred -@XRGBTest saddlebrown -@XRGBTest sienna -@XRGBTest peru -@XRGBTest burlywood -@XRGBTest beige -@XRGBTest wheat -@XRGBTest sandybrown -@XRGBTest tan -@XRGBTest chocolate -@XRGBTest firebrick -@XRGBTest brown -@XRGBTest darksalmon -@XRGBTest salmon -@XRGBTest lightsalmon -@XRGBTest orange -@XRGBTest darkorange -@XRGBTest coral -@XRGBTest lightcoral -@XRGBTest tomato -@XRGBTest orangered -@XRGBTest red -@XRGBTest hotpink -@XRGBTest deeppink -@XRGBTest pink -@XRGBTest lightpink -@XRGBTest palevioletred -@XRGBTest maroon -@XRGBTest mediumvioletred -@XRGBTest violetred -@XRGBTest magenta -@XRGBTest violet -@XRGBTest plum -@XRGBTest orchid -@XRGBTest mediumorchid -@XRGBTest darkorchid -@XRGBTest darkviolet -@XRGBTest blueviolet -@XRGBTest purple -@XRGBTest mediumpurple -@XRGBTest thistle -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@DP -@XRGBTest snow1 -@XRGBTest snow2 -@XRGBTest snow3 -@XRGBTest snow4 -@XRGBTest seashell1 -@XRGBTest seashell2 -@XRGBTest seashell3 -@XRGBTest seashell4 -@XRGBTest antiquewhite1 -@XRGBTest antiquewhite2 -@XRGBTest antiquewhite3 -@XRGBTest antiquewhite4 -@XRGBTest bisque1 -@XRGBTest bisque2 -@XRGBTest bisque3 -@XRGBTest bisque4 -@XRGBTest peachpuff1 -@XRGBTest peachpuff2 -@XRGBTest peachpuff3 -@XRGBTest peachpuff4 -@XRGBTest navajowhite1 -@XRGBTest navajowhite2 -@XRGBTest navajowhite3 -@XRGBTest navajowhite4 -@XRGBTest lemonchiffon1 -@XRGBTest lemonchiffon2 -@XRGBTest lemonchiffon3 -@XRGBTest lemonchiffon4 -@XRGBTest cornsilk1 -@XRGBTest cornsilk2 -@XRGBTest cornsilk3 -@XRGBTest cornsilk4 -@XRGBTest ivory1 -@XRGBTest ivory2 -@XRGBTest ivory3 -@XRGBTest ivory4 -@XRGBTest honeydew1 -@XRGBTest honeydew2 -@XRGBTest honeydew3 -@XRGBTest honeydew4 -@XRGBTest lavenderblush1 -@XRGBTest lavenderblush2 -@XRGBTest lavenderblush3 -@XRGBTest lavenderblush4 -@XRGBTest mistyrose1 -@XRGBTest mistyrose2 -@XRGBTest mistyrose3 -@XRGBTest mistyrose4 -@XRGBTest azure1 -@XRGBTest azure2 -@XRGBTest azure3 -@XRGBTest azure4 -@XRGBTest slateblue1 -@XRGBTest slateblue2 -@XRGBTest slateblue3 -@XRGBTest slateblue4 -@XRGBTest royalblue1 -@XRGBTest royalblue2 -@XRGBTest royalblue3 -@XRGBTest royalblue4 -@XRGBTest blue1 -@XRGBTest blue2 -@XRGBTest blue3 -@XRGBTest blue4 -@XRGBTest dodgerblue1 -@XRGBTest dodgerblue2 -@XRGBTest dodgerblue3 -@XRGBTest dodgerblue4 -@XRGBTest steelblue1 -@XRGBTest steelblue2 -@XRGBTest steelblue3 -@XRGBTest steelblue4 -@XRGBTest deepskyblue1 -@XRGBTest deepskyblue2 -@XRGBTest deepskyblue3 -@XRGBTest deepskyblue4 -@XRGBTest skyblue1 -@XRGBTest skyblue2 -@XRGBTest skyblue3 -@XRGBTest skyblue4 -@XRGBTest lightskyblue1 -@XRGBTest lightskyblue2 -@XRGBTest lightskyblue3 -@XRGBTest lightskyblue4 -@XRGBTest lightsteelblue1 -@XRGBTest lightsteelblue2 -@XRGBTest lightsteelblue3 -@XRGBTest lightsteelblue4 -@XRGBTest lightblue1 -@XRGBTest lightblue2 -@XRGBTest lightblue3 -@XRGBTest lightblue4 -@XRGBTest lightcyan1 -@XRGBTest lightcyan2 -@XRGBTest lightcyan3 -@XRGBTest lightcyan4 -@XRGBTest paleturquoise1 -@XRGBTest paleturquoise2 -@XRGBTest paleturquoise3 -@XRGBTest paleturquoise4 -@XRGBTest cadetblue1 -@XRGBTest cadetblue2 -@XRGBTest cadetblue3 -@XRGBTest cadetblue4 -@XRGBTest turquoise1 -@XRGBTest turquoise2 -@XRGBTest turquoise3 -@XRGBTest turquoise4 -@XRGBTest cyan1 -@XRGBTest cyan2 -@XRGBTest cyan3 -@XRGBTest cyan4 -@XRGBTest aquamarine1 -@XRGBTest aquamarine2 -@XRGBTest aquamarine3 -@XRGBTest aquamarine4 -@XRGBTest darkseagreen1 -@XRGBTest darkseagreen2 -@XRGBTest darkseagreen3 -@XRGBTest darkseagreen4 -@XRGBTest seagreen1 -@XRGBTest seagreen2 -@XRGBTest seagreen3 -@XRGBTest seagreen4 -@XRGBTest palegreen1 -@XRGBTest palegreen2 -@XRGBTest palegreen3 -@XRGBTest palegreen4 -@XRGBTest springgreen1 -@XRGBTest springgreen2 -@XRGBTest springgreen3 -@XRGBTest springgreen4 -@XRGBTest green1 -@XRGBTest green2 -@XRGBTest green3 -@XRGBTest green4 -@XRGBTest chartreuse1 -@XRGBTest chartreuse2 -@XRGBTest chartreuse3 -@XRGBTest chartreuse4 -@XRGBTest olivedrab1 -@XRGBTest olivedrab2 -@XRGBTest olivedrab3 -@XRGBTest olivedrab4 -@XRGBTest darkolivegreen1 -@XRGBTest darkolivegreen2 -@XRGBTest darkolivegreen3 -@XRGBTest darkolivegreen4 -@XRGBTest khaki1 -@XRGBTest khaki2 -@XRGBTest khaki3 -@XRGBTest khaki4 -@XRGBTest lightgoldenrod1 -@XRGBTest lightgoldenrod2 -@XRGBTest lightgoldenrod3 -@XRGBTest lightgoldenrod4 -@XRGBTest lightyellow1 -@XRGBTest lightyellow2 -@XRGBTest lightyellow3 -@XRGBTest lightyellow4 -@XRGBTest yellow1 -@XRGBTest yellow2 -@XRGBTest yellow3 -@XRGBTest yellow4 -@XRGBTest gold1 -@XRGBTest gold2 -@XRGBTest gold3 -@XRGBTest gold4 -@XRGBTest goldenrod1 -@XRGBTest goldenrod2 -@XRGBTest goldenrod3 -@XRGBTest goldenrod4 -@XRGBTest darkgoldenrod1 -@XRGBTest darkgoldenrod2 -@XRGBTest darkgoldenrod3 -@XRGBTest darkgoldenrod4 -@XRGBTest rosybrown1 -@XRGBTest rosybrown2 -@XRGBTest rosybrown3 -@XRGBTest rosybrown4 -@XRGBTest indianred1 -@XRGBTest indianred2 -@XRGBTest indianred3 -@XRGBTest indianred4 -@XRGBTest sienna1 -@XRGBTest sienna2 -@XRGBTest sienna3 -@XRGBTest sienna4 -@XRGBTest burlywood1 -@XRGBTest burlywood2 -@XRGBTest burlywood3 -@XRGBTest burlywood4 -@XRGBTest wheat1 -@XRGBTest wheat2 -@XRGBTest wheat3 -@XRGBTest wheat4 -@XRGBTest tan1 -@XRGBTest tan2 -@XRGBTest tan3 -@XRGBTest tan4 -@XRGBTest chocolate1 -@XRGBTest chocolate2 -@XRGBTest chocolate3 -@XRGBTest chocolate4 -@XRGBTest firebrick1 -@XRGBTest firebrick2 -@XRGBTest firebrick3 -@XRGBTest firebrick4 -@XRGBTest brown1 -@XRGBTest brown2 -@XRGBTest brown3 -@XRGBTest brown4 -@XRGBTest salmon1 -@XRGBTest salmon2 -@XRGBTest salmon3 -@XRGBTest salmon4 -@XRGBTest lightsalmon1 -@XRGBTest lightsalmon2 -@XRGBTest lightsalmon3 -@XRGBTest lightsalmon4 -@XRGBTest orange1 -@XRGBTest orange2 -@XRGBTest orange3 -@XRGBTest orange4 -@XRGBTest darkorange1 -@XRGBTest darkorange2 -@XRGBTest darkorange3 -@XRGBTest darkorange4 -@XRGBTest coral1 -@XRGBTest coral2 -@XRGBTest coral3 -@XRGBTest coral4 -@XRGBTest tomato1 -@XRGBTest tomato2 -@XRGBTest tomato3 -@XRGBTest tomato4 -@XRGBTest orangered1 -@XRGBTest orangered2 -@XRGBTest orangered3 -@XRGBTest orangered4 -@XRGBTest red1 -@XRGBTest red2 -@XRGBTest red3 -@XRGBTest red4 -@XRGBTest deeppink1 -@XRGBTest deeppink2 -@XRGBTest deeppink3 -@XRGBTest deeppink4 -@XRGBTest hotpink1 -@XRGBTest hotpink2 -@XRGBTest hotpink3 -@XRGBTest hotpink4 -@XRGBTest pink1 -@XRGBTest pink2 -@XRGBTest pink3 -@XRGBTest pink4 -@XRGBTest lightpink1 -@XRGBTest lightpink2 -@XRGBTest lightpink3 -@XRGBTest lightpink4 -@XRGBTest palevioletred1 -@XRGBTest palevioletred2 -@XRGBTest palevioletred3 -@XRGBTest palevioletred4 -@XRGBTest maroon1 -@XRGBTest maroon2 -@XRGBTest maroon3 -@XRGBTest maroon4 -@XRGBTest violetred1 -@XRGBTest violetred2 -@XRGBTest violetred3 -@XRGBTest violetred4 -@XRGBTest magenta1 -@XRGBTest magenta2 -@XRGBTest magenta3 -@XRGBTest magenta4 -@XRGBTest orchid1 -@XRGBTest orchid2 -@XRGBTest orchid3 -@XRGBTest orchid4 -@XRGBTest plum1 -@XRGBTest plum2 -@XRGBTest plum3 -@XRGBTest plum4 -@XRGBTest mediumorchid1 -@XRGBTest mediumorchid2 -@XRGBTest mediumorchid3 -@XRGBTest mediumorchid4 -@XRGBTest darkorchid1 -@XRGBTest darkorchid2 -@XRGBTest darkorchid3 -@XRGBTest darkorchid4 -@XRGBTest purple1 -@XRGBTest purple2 -@XRGBTest purple3 -@XRGBTest purple4 -@XRGBTest mediumpurple1 -@XRGBTest mediumpurple2 -@XRGBTest mediumpurple3 -@XRGBTest mediumpurple4 -@XRGBTest thistle1 -@XRGBTest thistle2 -@XRGBTest thistle3 -@XRGBTest thistle4 -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@DP -@XRGBTest grey0 -@XRGBTest grey1 -@XRGBTest grey2 -@XRGBTest grey3 -@XRGBTest grey4 -@XRGBTest grey5 -@XRGBTest grey6 -@XRGBTest grey7 -@XRGBTest grey8 -@XRGBTest grey9 -@XRGBTest grey10 -@XRGBTest grey11 -@XRGBTest grey12 -@XRGBTest grey13 -@XRGBTest grey14 -@XRGBTest grey15 -@XRGBTest grey16 -@XRGBTest grey17 -@XRGBTest grey18 -@XRGBTest grey19 -@XRGBTest grey20 -@XRGBTest grey21 -@XRGBTest grey22 -@XRGBTest grey23 -@XRGBTest grey24 -@XRGBTest grey25 -@XRGBTest grey26 -@XRGBTest grey27 -@XRGBTest grey28 -@XRGBTest grey29 -@XRGBTest grey30 -@XRGBTest grey31 -@XRGBTest grey32 -@XRGBTest grey33 -@XRGBTest grey34 -@XRGBTest grey35 -@XRGBTest grey36 -@XRGBTest grey37 -@XRGBTest grey38 -@XRGBTest grey39 -@XRGBTest grey40 -@XRGBTest grey41 -@XRGBTest grey42 -@XRGBTest grey43 -@XRGBTest grey44 -@XRGBTest grey45 -@XRGBTest grey46 -@XRGBTest grey47 -@XRGBTest grey48 -@XRGBTest grey49 -@XRGBTest grey50 -@XRGBTest grey51 -@XRGBTest grey52 -@XRGBTest grey53 -@XRGBTest grey54 -@XRGBTest grey55 -@XRGBTest grey56 -@XRGBTest grey57 -@XRGBTest grey58 -@XRGBTest grey59 -@XRGBTest grey60 -@XRGBTest grey61 -@XRGBTest grey62 -@XRGBTest grey63 -@XRGBTest grey64 -@XRGBTest grey65 -@XRGBTest grey66 -@XRGBTest grey67 -@XRGBTest grey68 -@XRGBTest grey69 -@XRGBTest grey70 -@XRGBTest grey71 -@XRGBTest grey72 -@XRGBTest grey73 -@XRGBTest grey74 -@XRGBTest grey75 -@XRGBTest grey76 -@XRGBTest grey77 -@XRGBTest grey78 -@XRGBTest grey79 -@XRGBTest grey80 -@XRGBTest grey81 -@XRGBTest grey82 -@XRGBTest grey83 -@XRGBTest grey84 -@XRGBTest grey85 -@XRGBTest grey86 -@XRGBTest grey87 -@XRGBTest grey88 -@XRGBTest grey89 -@XRGBTest grey90 -@XRGBTest grey91 -@XRGBTest grey92 -@XRGBTest grey93 -@XRGBTest grey94 -@XRGBTest grey95 -@XRGBTest grey96 -@XRGBTest grey97 -@XRGBTest grey98 -@XRGBTest grey99 -@XRGBTest grey100 -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@DP -@XRGBTest darkgrey -@XRGBTest darkblue -@XRGBTest darkcyan -@XRGBTest darkmagenta -@XRGBTest darkred -@XRGBTest lightgreen -@XRGBNoTest # makes a dummy last line to ensure adjusting on all lines -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@XRGBNoTest -@End @Appendix diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ap_qck b/doc/doc/user/ap_qck deleted file mode 100644 index 531e63d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ap_qck +++ /dev/null @@ -1,367 +0,0 @@ -@Appendix - @Title { Lout Quick Reference Guide } -@Begin -10p @Font 1.15fx @Break @OneCol -@Tab @Fmta { @Col 20c @Wide A ! @Col 20c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa A { -@Heading { 1. Running Lout } -@LD @Code { -"lout filename > postscript.ps" -} - -@LP -@Heading { 2. Ordinary documents (simple form) } -@LD @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} - -@LP -@Heading { 3. Ordinary documents (full form) } -@LD @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Document" -" @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }" -" @InitialBreak { adjust 1.2fx hyphen }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -" @FirstPageNumber { 1 }" -" @ColumnNumber { 1 }" -" @PageOrientation { Portrait }" -"//" -"@Text @Begin" -"..." -"@BeginSections" -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"@EndSections" -"@End @Text" -} - -@LP -@Heading { 4. Technical reports } -@LD @Code { -"@SysInclude { report }" -"@Report" -" @Title { ... }" -" @Author { ... }" -" @Institution { ... }" -" @DateLine { No }" -" @CoverSheet { Yes }" -" @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }" -" @InitialBreak { adjust 1.2fx hyphen }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -" @PageHeaders { Simple }" -" @FirstPageNumber { 1 }" -" @ColumnNumber { 1 }" -" @Abstract { ... }" -"//" -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"@Appendix ... @End @Appendix" -} -} - -B { -@Heading { 5. Large-scale structure symbols } -@LL -@LI @Code { -"@Section" -" @Title { ... }" -" @Tag { ... }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"..." -"@End @Section" -} -@LI lines @Break { -@Code "@Section / @SubSection / @SubSubSection" -@Code "@Appendix / @SubAppendix / @SubSubAppendix" -@Code "@BeginSubSections" ... @Code "@EndSubSections" if inner. -} -@EndList - -@LP -@Heading { 6. Cross references } -@LD @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col @Code B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@Tag { foo }" } - B { "@PageOf foo" } -@Rowa - A { "@PageMark foo" } - B { "@NumberOf foo" } -} - -@LP -@Heading { 7. Font changes } -@LL -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@B { bold font }" } - B { "@I { italic font }" } -@Rowa - A { "@BI { bold-italic font }" } - B { "@R { Roman font }" } -@Rowa - A { "@S { small-caps font}" } - B { "@F { fixed-width font }" } -@Rowa - B { "@II { italic bold or Roman }" } -} -@LI @Code { -"{ family face size } @Font { ... }" -} -@LI @Code { -"Times Helvetica Courier ..." -"Base Slope Bold BoldSlope ..." -"10p 12p +2p -2p 2.0f ..." -} -@EndList - -@LP -@Heading { 8. Paragraph breaking styles } -@LL -@LI @Code { -"{ breakstyle linesep hyphen } @Break { ... }" -} -@LI @Code { -"adjust ragged lines clines ..." -"1.2fx 2vx 0.9vx ..." -"hyphen nohyphen" -} -@EndList - -@LP -@Heading { 9. New paragraph and new page } -@LD @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa A { "@PP" } B { Plain paragraph } -@Rowa A { "@LP" } B { Left paragraph } -@Rowa A { "@LLP" } B { New line } -@Rowa A { "@DP" } B { Display paragraph } -@Rowa A { "@NP" } B { New page } -@Rowa A { "@CNP" } B { Conditional new page } -} -} - -} # end first table -@LP -10p @Font 1.15fx @Break @OneCol -@Tab @Fmta { @Col 20c @Wide A ! @Col 20c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa A { -@Heading { 10. Displays and headings } -@LL -@LI @Code { -"@CD @Heading { A centred heading }" -"@ID { An indented display }" -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa A { "@D" } B { "@Display" } -@Rowa A { "@LD" } B { "@LeftDisplay" } -@Rowa A { "@ID" } B { "@IndentedDisplay" } -@Rowa A { "@QD" } B { "@QuotedDisplay" } -@Rowa A { "@CD" } B { "@CentredDisplay" } -@Rowa B { "@CenteredDisplay" } -@Rowa B { "@RightDisplay" } -} -@EndList - -@LP -@Heading { 11. Lists} -@LL -@LI @Code { -"@List" -"@ListItem { A list item }" -"@ListItem { Another list item }" -"@EndList" -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@L" } - B { "@List" } -@Rowa - A { "@LL" } - B { "@LeftList" } -@Rowa - A { "@IL" } - B { "@IndentedList" } -@Rowa - A { "@QL" } - B { "@QuotedList" } -@Rowa - A { "@CL" } - B { "@CentredList" } -@Rowa - B { "@CenteredList" } -@Rowa - A { "@NL" } - B { "@NumberedList" } -@Rowa - A { "@RL" } - B { "@RomanList" } -@Rowa - A { "@UCRL" } - B { "@UCRomanList" } -@Rowa - A { "@AL" } - B { "@AlphaList" } -@Rowa - A { "@UCAL" } - B { "@UCAlphaList" } -@Rowa - A { "@PNL" } - B { "@ParenNumberedList" } -@Rowa - A { "@PRL" } - B { "@ParenRomanList" } -@Rowa - A { "@PUCRL" } - B { "@ParenUCRomanList" } -@Rowa - A { "@PAL" } - B { "@ParenAlphaList" } -@Rowa - A { "@PUCAL" } - B { "@ParenUCAlphaList" } -@Rowa - A { "@BL" } - B { "@BulletList" } -@Rowa - A { "@SL" } - B { "@StarList" } -@Rowa - A { "@DL" } - B { "@DashList" } -} -@LI @Code { -"@TaggedList" -"@TagItem { label } { A list item }" -"@TagItem { label } { Another list item }" -"@EndList" -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@TL" } - B { "@TaggedList" } -@Rowa - A { "@WTL" } - B { "@WideTaggedList" } -@Rowa - A { "@VWTL" } - B { "@VeryWideTaggedList" } -} -@EndList - -@LP -@Heading { 12. Footnotes, endnotes, margin notes } -@LD @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@FootNote { ... }" } - B { "@EndNote { ... }" } -@Rowa - A { "@LeftNote { ... }" } - B { "@RightNote { ... }" } -@Rowa - A { "@OuterNote { ... }" } - B { "@InnerNote { ... }" } -} -} - -B { -@Heading { 13. Floating figures and tables } -@LD @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col @Code B } -{ -@Rowa - A { -"@Figure" -" @Caption { ... }" -" @Tag { ... }" -"@Begin" -"..." -"@End @Figure" -} - B { -"@Table" -" @Caption { ... }" -" @Tag { ... }" -"@Begin" -"..." -"@End @Table" -} -} - -@LP -@Heading { 14. Tables } -@LD @Code { -"@SysInclude { tbl }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"..." -"@Tbl" -" aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B }" -" marginvertical { 0.5vx }" -"{" -"@Rowa" -" A { ... }" -" B { ... }" -"@Rowa" -" ..." -"}" -} - -@LP -@Heading { 15. Equations } -@LD @Code { -"@SysInclude { eq }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"..." -"@Eq { sum from i=0 to n { r sup i over sqrt pi } }" -} - -@LP -@Heading { 16. Basic graphics } -@LD @Code { -"grey @Colour { ... }" -"gray @Color { ... }" -"@Box { ... }" -"@CurveBox { ... }" -"@ShadowBox { ... }" -"60d @Rotate { ... }" -"0.71 @Scale { ... }" -"@QuotedDisplay @Scale { ... }" -"@IncludeGraphic filename.eps" -} - -@LP -@Heading { 17. Miscellaneous } -@LD lines @Break { -@Code "@Underline { will be underlined }" -@Code "@Date" -@Code "@Time" -@Code "German @Language { ... }" -@Code "\# comment to end of line" -@Code "\"#&/@^{}|~\"" (enclose these characters in quotes) -} -} -} # end second table -@End @Appendix diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas b/doc/doc/user/bas deleted file mode 100644 index a947d77..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { The Basics } - @Tag { basics } -@Begin -@LP -The Lout document formatting system has been designed with the needs of -the ordinary user very much in mind. Although the features of Lout are -virtually endless, and include mathematical equations, diagrams made from -lines and shapes, bibliographic databases, and so on, the system is very -simple to use. -@BeginSections -@Include { bas_star } -@Include { bas_objs } -@Include { bas_spac } -@Include { bas_char } -@Include { bas_empt } -@Include { bas_font } -@Include { bas_head } -@Include { bas_par1 } -@Include { bas_par2 } -@Include { bas_line } -@Include { bas_hyph } -@Include { bas_marg } -@Include { bas_unde } -@Include { bas_lang } -@Include { bas_date } -@Include { bas_supe } -@Include { bas_verb } -@Include { bas_drop } -@Include { bas_conv } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_char b/doc/doc/user/bas_char deleted file mode 100644 index 58f25a2..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_char +++ /dev/null @@ -1,603 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Characters } - @Tag { characters } -@Begin -@PP -The usual way to get characters into a document is simply to type them as -characters. @Index characters -we have been doing all along. However, for some characters this is not -possible, either because they have some special meaning, as @Code "{" -and @Code "}" do, or because the keyboard has no button for them. This -section explains how to get every possible character: every printable -character in the ISO-LATIN-1 character set, every character in the Adobe -Systems Symbol font, plus the characters {@Char quotesinglbase}, -{@Char quotedblbase}, {@Char ellipsis}, {@Char OE}, {@Char oe}, -{@Char quotedblleft}, {@Char quotedblright}, {@Char fi}, -{@Char fl}, {@Char endash}, {@Char emdash}, {@Char bullet}, {@Char dagger}, -{@Char daggerdbl}, {@Char florin}, {@Char fraction}, and @Euro. If it -exists at all, you will find it here. ISO-LATIN-2 and Russian characters -are available separately. In principle, there is no limit to the characters -available, but to go beyond those given in this section requires expertise -in defining encoding vectors and fonts @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert}. -@PP -First up we have the characters that you get simply by typing -them. The characters themselves are shown at the left, and what you -type to get them at the right: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @CC A ! @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col @CC B ! @Col @Code B ! - @Col ! @Col @CC C ! @Col @Code C ! @Col ! @Col @CC D ! @Col @Code D ! - @Col ! @Col @CC E ! @Col @Code E ! @Col ! @Col @CC F ! @Col @Code F } -{ -@Rowa A { ! } B { $ } C { % } D { ' } E { ( } F { ) } -@Rowa A { * } B { + } C { , } D { - } E { 0 } F { 1 } -@Rowa A { 2 } B { 3 } C { 4 } D { 5 } E { 6 } F { 7 } -@Rowa A { 8 } B { 9 } C { : } D { ; } E { < } F { = } -@Rowa A { > } B { ? } C { A } D { B } E { C } F { D } -@Rowa A { E } B { F } C { G } D { H } E { I } F { J } -@Rowa A { K } B { L } C { M } D { N } E { O } F { P } -@Rowa A { Q } B { R } C { S } D { T } E { U } F { V } -@Rowa A { W } B { X } C { Y } D { Z } E { [ } F { ] } -@Rowa A { _ } B { ` } C { a } D { b } E { c } F { d } -@Rowa A { e } B { f } C { g } D { h } E { i } F { j } -@Rowa A { k } B { l } C { m } D { n } E { o } F { p } -@Rowa A { q } B { r } C { s } D { t } E { u } F { v } -@Rowa A { w } B { x } C { y } D { z } E { } F { } -} -Next come characters that have buttons but have a special meaning if -they are typed directly, and consequently have to be enclosed in double -quotes to turn off this meaning: -quote.chars @Index { quote characters } -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @CC A ! @Col @Code B ! @Col ! - @Col @CC C ! @Col @Code D ! @Col ! - @Col @CC E ! @Col @Code F ! @Col ! - @Col @CC G ! @Col @Code H ! @Col I - } -{ -@Rowa - A { "\"" } B { "\"\\\"\"" } - C { "#" } D { "\"#\"" } - E { "&" } F { "\"&\"" } - G { "/" } H { "\"/\"" } -@Rowa - A { "@" } B { "\"@\"" } - C { "\\" } D { "\"\\\\\"" } - E { "^" } F { "\"^\"" } - G { "{" } H { "\"{\"" } -@Rowa - A { "|" } B { "\"|\"" } - C { "}" } D { "\"}\"" } - E { "~" } F { "\"~\"" } - G { } H { "\" \"" } - I { (space character) } -} -If you think you want {@Code "\""}, you probably really want `` and '', -for which see below. You can place whole sequences of characters, special -or not, inside one pair of double quotes: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col ! @Col @Code B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "jeff/includes/su_crest.eps" } - B { "\"jeff/includes/su_crest.eps\"" } -@Rowa - A { "\"@PP\"" } - B { "\"\\\"@PP\\\"\"" } -} -The following characters have been deemed important enough to deserve -their own symbols: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col @Code B ! @Col ! @Col C ! @Col @Code D ! - @Col ! @Col E ! @Col @Code F } -{ - @Rowa - A { `` } - B { "``" } - C { ,, } - D { ",," } - E { -- } - F { "--" } - @Rowa - A { '' } - B { "''" } - C { ... } - D { "..." } - E { --- } - F { "---" } - @Rowa - A { @Bullet bullet @Index @Code "@Bullet" } - B { "@Bullet" } - C { @Star star @Index @Code "@Star" } - D { "@Star" } - E { @ParSym parsym @Index @Code "@ParSym" } - F { "@ParSym" } - @Rowa - A { @SectSym sectsym @Index @Code "@SectSym" } - B { "@SectSym" } - C { @Dagger dagger @Index @Code "@Dagger" } - D { "@Dagger" } - E { @DaggerDbl daggerdbl @Index @Code "@DaggerDbl" } - F { "@DaggerDbl"} - @Rowa - A { @CDot cdot @Index @Code "@CDot" } - B { "@CDot" } - C { @Sterling sterling @Index @Code "@Sterling" } - D { "@Sterling" } - E { @Yen yen @Index @Code "@Yen" } - F { "@Yen" } - @Rowa - A { @Florin florin @Index @Code "@Florin" } - B { "@Florin" } - C { @Degree degree @Index @Code "@Degree" } - D { "@Degree" } - E { @Minute minute @Index @Code "@Minute" } - F { "@Minute" } - @Rowa - A { @Second second @Index @Code "@Second" } - B { "@Second" } - C { @Lozenge lozenge @Index @Code "@Lozenge" } - D { "@Lozenge" } - E { @Multiply multiply @Index @Code "@Multiply"} - F { "@Multiply" } - @Rowa - A { @Divide divide @Index @Code "@Divide" } - B { "@Divide" } - C { @CopyRight copyright @Index @Code "@CopyRight" } - D { "@CopyRight"} - E { @Register register @Index @Code "@Register" } - F { "@Register" } - @Rowa - A { @TradeMark trademark @Index @Code "@TradeMark" } - B { "@TradeMark"} - C { @Euro euro @Index @Code "@Euro" } - D { "@Euro"} -} -Next we have the complete ISO-LATIN-1 character set, whose members you -iso.latin.1 @Index { ISO-LATIN-1 character set } -char. @Index { @Code "@Char" symbol } -get with the @Code "@Char" symbol followed by the name of the character -you want: -@ID @OneRow -3p @Font @Tab - hmargin { 0.1c } - vmargin { 0.4vo } - @Fmta { @Col @CC @Char A ! @Col @Code { "@Char" A } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Char B ! @Col @Code { "@Char" B } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Char C ! @Col @Code { "@Char" C } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Char D ! @Col @Code { "@Char" D } } - @Fmtb { @Col @CC @Char A ! @Col @Code { "@Char" A } ! @Col ! - @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col } -{ -@Rowa A { space } B { exclam } C { quotedbl } D { numbersign } -@Rowa A { dollar } B { percent } C { ampersand } D { quoteright } -@Rowa A { parenleft } B { parenright } C { asterisk } D { plus } -@Rowa A { comma } B { hyphen } C { period } D { slash } -@Rowa A { zero } B { one } C { two } D { three } -@Rowa A { four } B { five } C { six } D { seven } -@Rowa A { eight } B { nine } C { colon } D { semicolon } -@Rowa A { less } B { equal } C { greater } D { question } -@Rowa A { at } B { A } C { B } D { C } -@Rowa A { D } B { E } C { F } D { G } -@Rowa A { H } B { I } C { J } D { K } -@Rowa A { L } B { M } C { N } D { O } -@Rowa A { P } B { Q } C { R } D { S } -@Rowa A { T } B { U } C { V } D { W } -@Rowa A { X } B { Y } C { Z } D { bracketleft } -@Rowa A { backslash } B { bracketright } C { asciicircum } D { underscore } -@Rowa A { quoteleft } B { a } C { b } D { c } -@Rowa A { d } B { e } C { f } D { g } -@Rowa A { h } B { i } C { j } D { k } -@Rowa A { l } B { m } C { n } D { o } -@Rowa A { p } B { q } C { r } D { s } -@Rowa A { t } B { u } C { v } D { w } -@Rowa A { x } B { y } C { z } D { braceleft } -@Rowa A { bar } B { braceright } C { asciitilde } D { dotlessi } -@Rowa A { grave } B { acute } C { circumflex } D { tilde } -@Rowa A { macron } B { breve } C { dotaccent } D { dieresis } -@Rowa A { ring } B { cedilla } C { hungarumlaut } D { ogonek } -@Rowa A { caron } B { space } C { exclamdown } D { cent } -@Rowa A { sterling } B { currency } C { yen } D { brokenbar } -@Rowa A { section } B { dieresis } C { copyright } D { ordfeminine } -@Rowa A { guillemotleft } B { logicalnot } C { hyphen } D { registered } -@Rowa A { macron } B { degree } C { plusminus } D { twosuperior } -@Rowa A { threesuperior } B { acute } C { mu } D { paragraph } -@Rowa A { periodcentered } B { cedilla } C { onesuperior } D { ordmasculine } -@Rowa A { guillemotright } B { onequarter } C { onehalf } D { threequarters } -@Rowa A { questiondown } B { Agrave } C { Aacute } D { Acircumflex } -@Rowa A { Atilde } B { Adieresis } C { Aring } D { AE } -@Rowa A { Ccedilla } B { Egrave } C { Eacute } D { Ecircumflex } -@Rowa A { Edieresis } B { Igrave } C { Iacute } D { Icircumflex } -@Rowa A { Idieresis } B { Eth } C { Ntilde } D { Ograve } -@Rowa A { Oacute } B { Ocircumflex } C { Otilde } D { Odieresis } -@Rowa A { multiply } B { Oslash } C { Ugrave } D { Uacute } -@Rowa A { Ucircumflex } B { Udieresis } C { Yacute } D { Thorn } -@Rowa A { germandbls } B { agrave } C { aacute } D { acircumflex } -@Rowa A { atilde } B { adieresis } C { aring } D { ae } -@Rowa A { ccedilla } B { egrave } C { eacute } D { ecircumflex } -@Rowa A { edieresis } B { igrave } C { iacute } D { icircumflex } -@Rowa A { idieresis } B { eth } C { ntilde } D { ograve } -@Rowa A { oacute } B { ocircumflex } C { otilde } D { odieresis } -@Rowa A { divide } B { oslash } C { ugrave } D { uacute } -@Rowa A { ucircumflex } B { udieresis } C { yacute } D { thorn } -@Rowb A { ydieresis } -} -Of course, many of these characters can also be typed directly, or with the -aid of double quotes, as we have seen. If your keyboard has accented -accented @Index { accented characters } -characters on it, you can type them directly too; if not, you need to -use the @Code "@Char" symbol, in which case you will probably need -braces as well: -@ID @Code "gar{@Char ccedilla}on" -to distinguish the @Code "@Char" symbol and the character name from -adjacent letters. -@PP -Next we have the Adobe Systems Symbol font, a treasure trove of -symbol. @Index { Symbol font } -sym. @Index { @Code "@Sym" symbol } -exotic characters obtained with the @Code "@Sym" symbol: -@ID @OneRow -3p @Font @Tab - hmargin { 0.1c } - vmargin { 0.4vo } - @Fmta { @Col @CC @Sym A ! @Col @Code { "@Sym" A } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Sym B ! @Col @Code { "@Sym" B } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Sym C ! @Col @Code { "@Sym" C } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Sym D ! @Col @Code { "@Sym" D } } -{ -@Rowa A { space } B { exclam } C { universal } D { numbersign } -@Rowa A { existential } B { percent } C { ampersand } D { suchthat } -@Rowa A { parenleft } B { parenright } C { asteriskmath } D { plus } -@Rowa A { comma } B { minus } C { period } D { slash } -@Rowa A { zero } B { one } C { two } D { three } -@Rowa A { four } B { five } C { six } D { seven } -@Rowa A { eight } B { nine } C { colon } D { semicolon } -@Rowa A { less } B { equal } C { greater } D { question } -@Rowa A { congruent } B { Alpha } C { Beta } D { Chi } -@Rowa A { Delta } B { Epsilon } C { Phi } D { Gamma } -@Rowa A { Eta } B { Iota } C { theta1 } D { Kappa } -@Rowa A { Lambda } B { Mu } C { Nu } D { Omicron } -@Rowa A { Pi } B { Theta } C { Rho } D { Sigma } -@Rowa A { Tau } B { Upsilon } C { sigma1 } D { Omega } -@Rowa A { Xi } B { Psi } C { Zeta } D { bracketleft } -@Rowa A { therefore } B { bracketright } C { perpendicular } D { underscore } -@Rowa A { radicalex } B { alpha } C { beta } D { chi } -@Rowa A { delta } B { epsilon } C { phi } D { gamma } -@Rowa A { eta } B { iota } C { phi1 } D { kappa } -@Rowa A { lambda } B { mu } C { nu } D { omicron } -@Rowa A { pi } B { theta } C { rho } D { sigma } -@Rowa A { tau } B { upsilon } C { omega1 } D { omega } -@Rowa A { xi } B { psi } C { zeta } D { braceleft } -@Rowa A { bar } B { braceright } C { similar } D { Upsilon1 } -@Rowa A { minute } B { lessequal } C { fraction } D { infinity } -@Rowa A { florin } B { club } C { diamond } D { heart } -@Rowa A { spade } B { arrowboth } C { arrowleft } D { arrowup } -@Rowa A { arrowright } B { arrowdown } C { degree } D { plusminus } -@Rowa A { second } B { greaterequal } C { multiply } D { proportional } -@Rowa A { partialdiff } B { bullet } C { divide } D { notequal } -@Rowa A { equivalence } B { approxequal } C { ellipsis } D { arrowvertex } -@Rowa A { arrowhorizex } B { carriagereturn } C { aleph } D { Ifraktur } -@Rowa A { Rfraktur } B { weierstrass } C { circlemultiply } D { circleplus } -@Rowa A { emptyset } B { intersection } C { union } D { propersuperset } -@Rowa A { reflexsuperset } B { notsubset } C {propersubset} D {reflexsubset} -@Rowa A { element } B { notelement } C { angle } D { gradient } -@Rowa A { registerserif } B { copyrightserif } C {trademarkserif} D {product} -@Rowa A { radical } B { dotmath } C { logicalnot } D { logicaland } -@Rowa A { logicalor } B { arrowdblboth } C { arrowdblleft } D { arrowdblup } -@Rowa A { arrowdblright } B { arrowdbldown } C { lozenge } D { angleleft } -@Rowa A { registersans } B { copyrightsans } C {trademarksans} D {summation} -@Rowa A { parenlefttp } B { parenleftex } C { parenleftbt } D {bracketlefttp} - vmargin { 0.5vx } -@Rowa A { bracketleftex } B { bracketleftbt } C {bracelefttp} D {braceleftmid} - vmargin { 0.5vx } -@Rowa A { braceleftbt } B { braceex } C { angleright } D { integral } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -@Rowa A { integraltp } B { integralex } C { integralbt } D { parenrighttp } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -@Rowa A {parenrightex} B {parenrightbt} C {bracketrighttp} D {bracketrightex} - vmargin { 0.5vx } -@Rowa A { bracketrightbt } B {bracerighttp} C {bracerightmid} D {bracerightbt} - vmargin { 0.5vx } -} -There is only one Symbol font; it does not come in bold or italic faces -like the other fonts. Typing @Code "@B @Sym alpha" is therefore useless, -and anyway there is no bold @Sym alpha character in any font distributed -with Lout. # (except see Section {@NumberOf teq}). -@PP -Next there are the dingbats. Here they are with their -dingbats. @Index { dingbats characters } -(regrettably meaningless) names: -@FootNote { -If you see only conventional characters in this table, the problem -is that your viewer does not have access to the Dingbats font. The -author's viewer has this problem, for example, but his printer doesn't. -} -@CD @Tbl - indent { ctr } - iv { ctr } - rule { yes } - font { -1p } - width { 1.0c } - margin { 0.2f } - aiv { top } - afont { Helvetica Base -2p } - aformat { - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } -90d @Rotate B | - @Cell ruleright { double } -90d @Rotate C | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } -90d @Rotate D | - @Cell ruleright { double } -90d @Rotate E | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } -90d @Rotate F | - @Cell ruleright { double } -90d @Rotate G | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } -90d @Rotate H | - @Cell ruleright { double } -90d @Rotate I | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } -90d @Rotate J | - @Cell ruleright { double } -90d @Rotate K | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } -90d @Rotate L | - @Cell -90d @Rotate M | } - bformat { - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } indent { right } B | - @Cell ruleright { double } font { Dingbats Base -1p } @Char C | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } indent { right } D | - @Cell ruleright { double } font { Dingbats Base -1p } @Char E | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } indent { right } F | - @Cell ruleright { double } font { Dingbats Base -1p } @Char G | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } indent { right } H | - @Cell ruleright { double } font { Dingbats Base -1p } @Char I | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } indent { right } J | - @Cell ruleright { double } font { Dingbats Base -1p } @Char K | - @Cell paint { @Xrgb grey95 } indent { right } L | - @Cell font { Dingbats Base -1p } @Char M | } -{ - @Rowa - B { "@"Ding } C{ Dingbat } - D { "@"Ding } E{ Dingbat } - F { "@"Ding } G{ Dingbat } - H { "@"Ding } I{ Dingbat } - J { "@"Ding } K{ Dingbat } - L { "@"Ding } M{ Dingbat } - @Rowb - B{a1} C{a1} - D{a2} E{a2} - F{a202} G{a202} - H{a3} I{a3} - J{a4} K{a4} - L{a5} M{a5} - @Rowb - B{a119} C{a119} - D{a118} E{a118} - F{a117} G{a117} - H{a11} I{a11} - J{a12} K{a12} - L{a13} M{a13} - @Rowb - B{a14} C{a14} - D{a15} E{a15} - F{a16} G{a16} - H{a105}I{a105} - J{a17} K{a17} - L{a18} M{a18} - @Rowb - B{a19} C{a19} - D{a20} E{a20} - F{a21} G{a21} - H{a22} I{a22} - J{a23} K{a23} - L{a24} M{a24} - @Rowb - B{a25} C{a25} - D{a26} E{a26} - F{a27} G{a27} - H{a28}I{a28} - J{a6} K{a6} - L{a7} M{a7} - @Rowb - B{a8} C{a8} - D{a9} E{a9} - F{a10} G{a10} - H{a29} I{a29} - J{a30} K{a30} - L{a31} M{a31} - @Rowb - B{a32} C{a32} - D{a33} E{a33} - F{a34} G{a34} - H{a35} I{a35} - J{a36} K{a36} - L{a37} M{a37} - @Rowb - B{a38} C{a38} - D{a39} E{a39} - F{a40} G{a40} - H{a41} I{a41} - J{a42} K{a42} - L{a43} M{a43} - @Rowb - B{a44} C{a44} - D{a45} E{a45} - F{a46} G{a46} - H{a47} I{a47} - J{a48} K{a48} - L{a49} M{a49} - @Rowb - B{a50} C{a50} - D{a51} E{a51} - F{a52} G{a52} - H{a54} I{a54} - J{a55} K{a55} - L{a56} M{a56} - @Rowb - B{a57} C{a57} - D{a58} E{a58} - F{a59} G{a59} - H{a60} I{a60} - J{a61} K{a61} - L{a62} M{a62} - @Rowb - B{a63} C{a63} - D{a64} E{a64} - F{a65} G{a65} - H{a66} I{a66} - J{a67} K{a67} - L{a68} M{a68} - @Rowb - B{a69} C{a69} - D{a70} E{a70} - F{a71} G{a71} - H{a72} I{a72} - J{a73} K{a73} - L{a74} M{a74} - @Rowb - B{a203} C{a203} - D{a75} E{a75} - F{a204} G{a204} - H{a76} I{a76} - J{a77} K{a77} - L{a78} M{a78} - @Rowb - B{a79} C{a79} - D{a81} E{a81} - F{a82} G{a82} - H{a83} I{a83} - J{a84} K{a84} - L{a97} M{a97} - @Rowb - B{a98} C{a98} - D{a99} E{a99} - F{a100} G{a100} - H{a101} I{a101} - J{a102} K{a102} - L{a103} M{a103} - @Rowb - B{a104} C{a104} - D{a106} E{a106} - F{a107} G{a107} - H{a108} I{a108} - J{a112} K{a112} - L{a111} M{a111} - @Rowb - B{a110} C{a110} - D{a109} E{a109} - F{a120} G{a120} - H{a121} I{a121} - J{a122} K{a122} - L{a123} M{a123} - @Rowb - B{a124} C{a124} - D{a125} E{a125} - F{a126} G{a126} - H{a127} I{a127} - J{a128} K{a128} - L{a129} M{a129} - @Rowb - B{a130} C{a130} - D{a131} E{a131} - F{a132} G{a132} - H{a133} I{a133} - J{a134} K{a134} - L{a135} M{a135} - @Rowb - B{a136} C{a136} - D{a137} E{a137} - F{a138} G{a138} - H{a139} I{a139} - J{a140} K{a140} - L{a141} M{a141} - @Rowb - B{a142} C{a142} - D{a143} E{a143} - F{a144} G{a144} - H{a145} I{a145} - J{a146} K{a146} - L{a147} M{a147} - @Rowb - B{a148} C{a148} - D{a149} E{a149} - F{a150} G{a150} - H{a151} I{a151} - J{a152} K{a152} - L{a153} M{a153} - @Rowb - B{a154} C{a154} - D{a155} E{a155} - F{a156} G{a156} - H{a157} I{a157} - J{a158} K{a158} - L{a159} M{a159} - @Rowb - B{a160} C{a160} - D{a161} E{a161} - F{a163} G{a163} - H{a164} I{a164} - J{a196} K{a196} - L{a165} M{a165} - @Rowb - B{a192} C{a192} - D{a166} E{a166} - F{a167} G{a167} - H{a168} I{a168} - J{a169} K{a169} - L{a170} M{a170} - @Rowb - B{a171} C{a171} - D{a172} E{a172} - F{a173} G{a173} - H{a162} I{a162} - J{a174} K{a174} - L{a175} M{a175} - @Rowb - B{a176} C{a176} - D{a177} E{a177} - F{a178} G{a178} - H{a179} I{a179} - J{a193} K{a193} - L{a180} M{a180} - @Rowb - B{a199} C{a199} - D{a181} E{a181} - F{a200} G{a200} - H{a182} I{a182} - J{a201} K{a201} - L{a183} M{a183} - @Rowb - B{a184} C{a184} - D{a197} E{a197} - F{a185} G{a185} - H{a194} I{a194} - J{a198} K{a198} - L{a186} M{a186} - @Rowb - B{a195} C{a195} - D{a187} E{a187} - F{a188} G{a188} - H{a189} I{a189} - J{a190} K{a190} - L{a191} M{a191} -} -The easiest way to get a dingbat is to write, for example, -@ID @Code "@Ding a123" -which produces the dingbat with the given name from the table -above. This is just a short for -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -{ Dingbats Base } @Font { @Char a123 } -} -In other words, dingbats are just another font. -@PP -Finally we have a few more characters that you get with the @Code "@Char" -symbol, although they aren't ISO-LATIN-1 characters. -@ID @OneRow -3p @Font @Tab - hmargin { 0.1c } - vmargin { 0.4vo } - @Fmta { @Col @CC @Char A ! @Col @Code { "@Char" A } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Char B ! @Col @Code { "@Char" B } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Char C ! @Col @Code { "@Char" C } ! @Col ! - @Col @CC @Char D ! @Col @Code { "@Char" D } } - @Fmtb { @Col @CC @Char A ! @Col @Code { "@Char" A } ! @Col ! - @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col } -{ -@Rowa A { quotesinglbase } B { quotedblbase } C { ellipsis } D { OE } -@Rowa A { oe } B { quotedblleft } C { quotedblright } D { fi } -@Rowa A { fl } B { endash } C { emdash } D { bullet } -@Rowa A { dagger } B { daggerdbl } C { florin } D { fraction } -} -Most of these are also listed as `characters important enough to -deserve their own symbols'. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_conv b/doc/doc/user/bas_conv deleted file mode 100644 index bad4ed7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_conv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Alternative conventions for white space } - @Tag { white } -@Begin -@PP -As Section {@NumberOf spaces} explains, when two objects are separated -by one or more white space characters (spaces, tabs, and newlines), this -same amount of white space will separate the two objects in the output. -@PP -Two other conventions for interpreting these white spaces have been -used in other document formatting systems. Roughly, they are: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { troff } - B { Like Lout, except that at every point where a sentence ends at -the end of an input line, add one extra space in the output. } -@Rowa - A { @TeX } - B { Replace all sequences of two or more white spaces by one. Then, -at every point where a sentence ends, whether or not it is at the end -of a line, add one extra space in the output. } -} -Lout offers these two alternative conventions by means of the -initialspace. @Index { @Code "@InitialSpace" option } -@Code "@InitialSpace" option. This is similar to the -@Code "@InitialFont" option described at the end of Section -{@NumberOf fonts}, in that you can set it at the beginning of your -document, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Document" -" @InitialSpace { lout }" -"//" -"@Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -or you can set it in the setup file. The above example shows the -default value, {@Code lout}, which produces Lout's usual spacing; -lout.space @Index { @Code lout spacing } -troff.space @Index { @Code troff spacing } -tex.space @Index { @Code tex (@LaTeX) spacing } -the alternative values are @Code "troff" and {@Code "tex"}. -@PP -How to tell whether a sentence has ended is a vexed question. For -the @Code "troff" method, Lout looks for a word at the end of a line -ending in one of `.', `:', `?', or `!' optionally followed by either -a right quote character or a right parenthesis. Actually, this depends -on the current language (Section {@NumberOf languages}); the rule just -given is for English, and other languages may differ. -@PP -The @Code "tex" rule for where a sentence ends is slightly more -complicated. Lout looks for a word, not necessarily at the end -of an input line, which ends as described for @Code "troff" but -in addition has a lower-case letter preceding that. -@PP -You must use a paragraph symbol, such as @Code "@PP" or {@Code "@LP"}, -to separate paragraphs. The common convention of other systems, -that a blank line marks a paragraph, is never true of Lout. -@PP -Whatever rule is adopted, there are occasional exceptions where you -will have to indicate explicitly whether you want an ordinary space -or a between-sentences space. For this there are two symbols, -@Code "~" (ordinary space) and {@Code "~~"} (between-sentences -space). For example, -@ID @Code "Dr.~Kingston" -will produce an ordinary space between the two words, even with -@Code "tex" which would otherwise consider that spot to be the end -of a sentence. Spaces adjacent to these two symbols have no effect on -the result. However, @Code "~" produces an unbreakable space (that -is, one that will never be replaced by the end of a line) in contrast -to just leaving a space, which is breakable. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_date b/doc/doc/user/bas_date deleted file mode 100644 index 16ee433..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_date +++ /dev/null @@ -1,84 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { The current date and time } - @Tag { date } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Date" and @Code "@Time" symbols produce the current date -date. @Index @Code "@Date" -time. @Index @Code "@Time" -and time: -@ID @Code "It is now @Time on @Date." -produces something like -@ID { It is now @Time on @Date. } -The result depends on the current language. -@PP -Both symbols have a @Code "@Format" option that changes the format of -the result: -@ID @Code "@Date @Format { @DayNum\"/\"@MonthNum\"/\"@ShortYear }" -The result is the @Code "@Format" option with the symbols replaced by -the appropriate values: -@ID { @Date @Format { @DayNum"/"@MonthNum"/"@ShortYear } } -The @Code "/" characters have been enclosed in double quotes for the -usual reason (Section {@NumberOf characters}). -@PP -Here is the full list of symbols that you can use within both -@Code "@Format" options: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@Year" } - B { The year, e.g. @Code "1994" } -@Rowa - A { "@ShortYear" } - B { The last two digits of the year, e.g. @Code "94" } -@Rowa - A { "@Month" } - B { The month, e.g. @Code "December" } -@Rowa - A { "@ShortMonth" } - B { The month abbreviated, e.g. @Code "Dec" } -@Rowa - A { "@MonthNum" } - B { The number of the month, between @Code "1" and @Code "12" } -@Rowa - A { "@Day" } - B { The day of the week, e.g. @Code "Saturday" } -@Rowa - A { "@ShortDay" } - B { The day abbreviated, e.g. @Code "Sat" } -@Rowa - A { "@DayNum" } - B { The day of the month, between @Code "1" and @Code "31" } -@Rowa - A { "@MeriDiem" } - B { @Code "a.m." or @Code "p.m." } -@Rowa - A { "@ShortMeriDiem" } - B { @Code "am" or @Code "pm" } -@Rowa - A { "@Hour" } - B { The hour, between @Code "00" and @Code "23" } -@Rowa - A { "@ShortHour" } - B { The hour, between @Code "0" and @Code "23" } -@Rowa - A { "@TwelveHour" } - B { The hour, between @Code "1" and @Code "12" } -@Rowa - A { "@Minute" } - B { The minute, between @Code "00" and @Code "59" } -@Rowa - A { "@Second" } - B { The second, almost always between @Code "00" and @Code "59" } -} -The default format for @Code "@Date" in English is -@ID @Code "@Date @Format { @DayNum @Month, @Year }" -and the default format for @Code "@Time" in English is -@ID @Code "@Time @Format { @TwelveHour.@Minute @MeriDiem }" -Both default formats depend on the current language, and -so do {@Code "@Month"}, {@Code "@ShortMonth"}, -{@Code "@Day"}, and {@Code "@ShortDay"},{@Code "@MeriDiem" } -and {@Code "@ShortMeriDiem" }. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_drop b/doc/doc/user/bas_drop deleted file mode 100644 index 0978123..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_drop +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Drop capitals } - @Tag { dropcaps } -@Begin -@PP -There are two symbols for producing drop capitals, {@Code "@DropCapTwo"} -drop.cap.two.sym @Index @Code "@DropCapTwo" -drop.cap.three.sym @Index @Code "@DropCapThree" -and {@Code "@DropCapThree"}. Place the capital to be dropped just -before the symbol, and the rest of the paragraph after it: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"I @DropCapTwo {" -"t is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man" -"in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." -"}" -} -produces the object -@ID 3i @Wide { -I @DropCapTwo { -t is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. -} -} -@Code "@DropCapThree" is the same except that the capital is larger -and spreads over three lines. -@PP -Because Lout occasionally gets the height of the enlarged capital -slightly wrong, there is a @Code "height" option which allows you -to change the height if you need to: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"H @DropCapTwo height { 1.5v }" -"{" -" ..." -"}" -} -This shows the default value for the height of the capital in -{@Code "@DropCapTwo"}: 1.5 times the current inter-line -spacing. The default height in @Code "@DropCapThree" is {@Code "2.5v"}. -@PP -These symbols produce an object which may appear anywhere in the -usual way. A paragraph symbol will be needed after the paragraph. The -paragraph breaking style of the body of the paragraph will be -{@Code "adjust nohyphen"}; this cannot be changed at present. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_empt b/doc/doc/user/bas_empt deleted file mode 100644 index c9f615d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_empt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { The empty object } - @Tag { empty } -@Begin -@PP -It is possible to produce examples in which an object is clearly -empty. @Index { empty object } -missing: -@ID @Code "{ @I }" -The @Code "@I" symbol is supposed to italicize the following object, -but in this example there isn't one. A more plausible example is -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@PP" -"@PP" -} -There are supposed to be paragraph objects between paragraph symbols, -but here there aren't. -@PP -Wherever an object is clearly missing, Lout inserts an @I { empty object }, -which is a rectangle of size zero by zero that prints as nothing. Here -are two other ways to get an empty object: -@ID @Code "{} \"\"" -Braces always enclose an object, so Lout is obliged to insert an empty -object between them; the two double quotes make a word with no characters -in it, which is taken to be an empty object. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_font b/doc/doc/user/bas_font deleted file mode 100644 index 631ecfd..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_font +++ /dev/null @@ -1,670 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Fonts and font sizes } - @Tag { fonts } -@Begin -@PP -A @I font is a collection of printable characters. For example, here -is the Times Roman font: -@ID @OneRow { Times Base } @Font 0.05c @Space { -{ @Char space } -{ @Char exclam } -{ @Char quotedbl } -{ @Char numbersign } -{ @Char dollar } -{ @Char percent } -{ @Char ampersand } -{ @Char quoteright } -{ @Char parenleft } -{ @Char parenright } -{ @Char asterisk } -{ @Char plus } -{ @Char comma } -{ @Char hyphen } -{ @Char period } -{ @Char slash } -{ @Char zero } -{ @Char one } -{ @Char two } -{ @Char three } -{ @Char four } -{ @Char five } -{ @Char six } -{ @Char seven } -{ @Char eight } -{ @Char nine } -{ @Char colon } -{ @Char semicolon } -{ @Char less } -{ @Char equal } -{ @Char greater } -{ @Char question } -{ @Char at } -{ @Char bracketleft } -{ @Char backslash } -{ @Char bracketright } -{ @Char asciicircum } -{ @Char underscore } -{ @Char quoteleft } -//1vx -{ @Char A } -{ @Char B } -{ @Char C } -{ @Char D } -{ @Char E } -{ @Char F } -{ @Char G } -{ @Char H } -{ @Char I } -{ @Char J } -{ @Char K } -{ @Char L } -{ @Char M } -{ @Char N } -{ @Char O } -{ @Char P } -{ @Char Q } -{ @Char R } -{ @Char S } -{ @Char T } -{ @Char U } -{ @Char V } -{ @Char W } -{ @Char X } -{ @Char Y } -{ @Char Z } -//1vx -{ @Char a } -{ @Char b } -{ @Char c } -{ @Char d } -{ @Char e } -{ @Char f } -{ @Char g } -{ @Char h } -{ @Char i } -{ @Char j } -{ @Char k } -{ @Char l } -{ @Char m } -{ @Char n } -{ @Char o } -{ @Char p } -{ @Char q } -{ @Char r } -{ @Char s } -{ @Char t } -{ @Char u } -{ @Char v } -{ @Char w } -{ @Char x } -{ @Char y } -{ @Char z } -//1vx -{ @Char braceleft } -{ @Char bar } -{ @Char braceright } -{ @Char asciitilde } -{ @Char dotlessi } -{ @Char grave } -{ @Char acute } -{ @Char circumflex } -{ @Char tilde } -{ @Char macron } -{ @Char breve } -{ @Char dotaccent } -{ @Char dieresis } -{ @Char ring } -{ @Char cedilla } -{ @Char hungarumlaut } -{ @Char ogonek } -{ @Char caron } -{ @Char space } -{ @Char exclamdown } -{ @Char cent } -{ @Char sterling } -{ @Char currency } -{ @Char yen } -{ @Char brokenbar } -{ @Char section } -{ @Char dieresis } -{ @Char copyright } -{ @Char ordfeminine } -{ @Char guillemotleft } -{ @Char logicalnot } -{ @Char hyphen } -{ @Char registered } -{ @Char macron } -{ @Char degree } -{ @Char plusminus } -{ @Char twosuperior } -{ @Char threesuperior } -{ @Char acute } -{ @Char mu } -{ @Char paragraph } -{ @Char periodcentered } -{ @Char cedilla } -{ @Char onesuperior } -{ @Char ordmasculine } -{ @Char guillemotright } -{ @Char onequarter } -{ @Char onehalf } -{ @Char threequarters } -{ @Char questiondown } -//1vx -{ @Char Agrave } -{ @Char Aacute } -{ @Char Acircumflex } -{ @Char Atilde } -{ @Char Adieresis } -{ @Char Aring } -{ @Char AE } -{ @Char Ccedilla } -{ @Char Egrave } -{ @Char Eacute } -{ @Char Ecircumflex } -{ @Char Edieresis } -{ @Char Igrave } -{ @Char Iacute } -{ @Char Icircumflex } -{ @Char Idieresis } -{ @Char Eth } -{ @Char Ntilde } -{ @Char Ograve } -{ @Char Oacute } -{ @Char Ocircumflex } -{ @Char Otilde } -{ @Char Odieresis } -{ @Char multiply } -{ @Char Oslash } -{ @Char Ugrave } -{ @Char Uacute } -{ @Char Ucircumflex } -{ @Char Udieresis } -{ @Char Yacute } -{ @Char Thorn } -//1vx -{ @Char germandbls } -{ @Char agrave } -{ @Char aacute } -{ @Char acircumflex } -{ @Char atilde } -{ @Char adieresis } -{ @Char aring } -{ @Char ae } -{ @Char ccedilla } -{ @Char egrave } -{ @Char eacute } -{ @Char ecircumflex } -{ @Char edieresis } -{ @Char igrave } -{ @Char iacute } -{ @Char icircumflex } -{ @Char idieresis } -{ @Char eth } -{ @Char ntilde } -{ @Char ograve } -{ @Char oacute } -{ @Char ocircumflex } -{ @Char otilde } -{ @Char odieresis } -{ @Char divide } -{ @Char oslash } -{ @Char ugrave } -{ @Char uacute } -{ @Char ucircumflex } -{ @Char udieresis } -{ @Char yacute } -{ @Char thorn } -{ @Char ydieresis } -} -and here is the Times Italic font: -@ID @OneRow { Times Slope } @Font 0.05c @Space { -{ @Char space } -{ @Char exclam } -{ @Char quotedbl } -{ @Char numbersign } -{ @Char dollar } -{ @Char percent } -{ @Char ampersand } -{ @Char quoteright } -{ @Char parenleft } -{ @Char parenright } -{ @Char asterisk } -{ @Char plus } -{ @Char comma } -{ @Char hyphen } -{ @Char period } -{ @Char slash } -{ @Char zero } -{ @Char one } -{ @Char two } -{ @Char three } -{ @Char four } -{ @Char five } -{ @Char six } -{ @Char seven } -{ @Char eight } -{ @Char nine } -{ @Char colon } -{ @Char semicolon } -{ @Char less } -{ @Char equal } -{ @Char greater } -{ @Char question } -{ @Char at } -{ @Char bracketleft } -{ @Char backslash } -{ @Char bracketright } -{ @Char asciicircum } -{ @Char underscore } -{ @Char quoteleft } -//1vx -{ @Char A } -{ @Char B } -{ @Char C } -{ @Char D } -{ @Char E } -{ @Char F } -{ @Char G } -{ @Char H } -{ @Char I } -{ @Char J } -{ @Char K } -{ @Char L } -{ @Char M } -{ @Char N } -{ @Char O } -{ @Char P } -{ @Char Q } -{ @Char R } -{ @Char S } -{ @Char T } -{ @Char U } -{ @Char V } -{ @Char W } -{ @Char X } -{ @Char Y } -{ @Char Z } -//1vx -{ @Char a } -{ @Char b } -{ @Char c } -{ @Char d } -{ @Char e } -{ @Char f } -{ @Char g } -{ @Char h } -{ @Char i } -{ @Char j } -{ @Char k } -{ @Char l } -{ @Char m } -{ @Char n } -{ @Char o } -{ @Char p } -{ @Char q } -{ @Char r } -{ @Char s } -{ @Char t } -{ @Char u } -{ @Char v } -{ @Char w } -{ @Char x } -{ @Char y } -{ @Char z } -//1vx -{ @Char braceleft } -{ @Char bar } -{ @Char braceright } -{ @Char asciitilde } -{ @Char dotlessi } -{ @Char grave } -{ @Char acute } -{ @Char circumflex } -{ @Char tilde } -{ @Char macron } -{ @Char breve } -{ @Char dotaccent } -{ @Char dieresis } -{ @Char ring } -{ @Char cedilla } -{ @Char hungarumlaut } -{ @Char ogonek } -{ @Char caron } -{ @Char space } -{ @Char exclamdown } -{ @Char cent } -{ @Char sterling } -{ @Char currency } -{ @Char yen } -{ @Char brokenbar } -{ @Char section } -{ @Char dieresis } -{ @Char copyright } -{ @Char ordfeminine } -{ @Char guillemotleft } -{ @Char logicalnot } -{ @Char hyphen } -{ @Char registered } -{ @Char macron } -{ @Char degree } -{ @Char plusminus } -{ @Char twosuperior } -{ @Char threesuperior } -{ @Char acute } -{ @Char mu } -{ @Char paragraph } -{ @Char periodcentered } -{ @Char cedilla } -{ @Char onesuperior } -{ @Char ordmasculine } -{ @Char guillemotright } -{ @Char onequarter } -{ @Char onehalf } -{ @Char threequarters } -{ @Char questiondown } -//1vx -{ @Char Agrave } -{ @Char Aacute } -{ @Char Acircumflex } -{ @Char Atilde } -{ @Char Adieresis } -{ @Char Aring } -{ @Char AE } -{ @Char Ccedilla } -{ @Char Egrave } -{ @Char Eacute } -{ @Char Ecircumflex } -{ @Char Edieresis } -{ @Char Igrave } -{ @Char Iacute } -{ @Char Icircumflex } -{ @Char Idieresis } -{ @Char Eth } -{ @Char Ntilde } -{ @Char Ograve } -{ @Char Oacute } -{ @Char Ocircumflex } -{ @Char Otilde } -{ @Char Odieresis } -{ @Char multiply } -{ @Char Oslash } -{ @Char Ugrave } -{ @Char Uacute } -{ @Char Ucircumflex } -{ @Char Udieresis } -{ @Char Yacute } -{ @Char Thorn } -//1vx -{ @Char germandbls } -{ @Char agrave } -{ @Char aacute } -{ @Char acircumflex } -{ @Char atilde } -{ @Char adieresis } -{ @Char aring } -{ @Char ae } -{ @Char ccedilla } -{ @Char egrave } -{ @Char eacute } -{ @Char ecircumflex } -{ @Char edieresis } -{ @Char igrave } -{ @Char iacute } -{ @Char icircumflex } -{ @Char idieresis } -{ @Char eth } -{ @Char ntilde } -{ @Char ograve } -{ @Char oacute } -{ @Char ocircumflex } -{ @Char otilde } -{ @Char odieresis } -{ @Char divide } -{ @Char oslash } -{ @Char ugrave } -{ @Char uacute } -{ @Char ucircumflex } -{ @Char udieresis } -{ @Char yacute } -{ @Char thorn } -{ @Char ydieresis } -} -As their names imply, these two fonts belong to the @I { Times family }, -a collection of fonts designed to go well together. Every font has a -@I { family name }, such as Times, Helvetica, or Courier, and a -family.name @Index { family name of font } -face.name @Index { face name of font } -@I { face name }, such as Roman or Italic. To find out how to -get the unusual characters, see Section {@NumberOf characters}. -@PP -Documents look best when they use just one font family, so the most -common need is to change to a different face within the current -family. We have already seen {@Code "@I"}, which changes to the Italic -face of the current family; there are six such symbols: -b. @Index @Code "@B" -i. @Index @Code "@I" -bi. @Index @Code "@BI" -ii. @Index @Code "@II" -s. @Index @Code "@S" -r. @Index @Code "@R" -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@B { Hello World }" } - B { @B { Hello World } } -@Rowa - A { "@I { Hello World }" } - B { @I { Hello World } } -@Rowa - A { "@BI { Hello World }" } - B { @BI { Hello World } } -@Rowa - A { "@II { Hello World }" } - B { @II { Hello World } } -@Rowa - A { "@S { Hello World }" } - B { @S { Hello World } } -@Rowa - A { "@R { Hello World }" } - B { @R { Hello World } } -} -The symbols' names stand for Bold, Italic, Bold-Italic, Italic-Italic -(see below), Small capitals, and Roman. It is conventional to use Bold -for headings; Italic for emphasis, terms being defined, and subsidiary -headings; and Roman for the rest. Small capitals are not really a -different font; they are -small.caps @Index { small capitals } -made on demand from the current font. So you can write, for example, -@ID @Code "@I @S { Hello World }" -and get @I @S { Hello World }. You can change the size of small -capitals using the @Code "@Font" or @Code "@InitialFont" symbols, -as described below. -@PP -The @Code "@R" symbol is almost unnecessary, since the document as a -whole is set in a Roman face; but it is occasionally useful: -@ID @Code "@I { An Italic sentence with one @R Roman word }" -produces -@ID @I { An Italic sentence with one @R Roman word } -This illustrates the general principle that the effect of a font symbol -on the following object is subject to font symbols within that object. -@PP -When part of a title is to be set in italic font, neither @Code "@I" -nor @Code "@BI" is suitable because the part should appear in bold -italics in the title itself, but in ordinary italics in running headers -and the table of contents. The @Code "@II" symbol is the one for this -situation: it produces bold italics when the current font is bold, -and ordinary italics otherwise. -@PP -Changing families is a little more complicated. Here is the complete -list of font families and their faces available with Basser Lout Version 3: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col { ragged nohyphen } @Break @Code B } -{ -@Rowa - A { AvantGarde } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope BoldObl Book BookOblique -CondBold CondBook CondDemi CondMedium Demi DemiOblique -ExtraLight ExtraLightObl Medium MediumObl } -@Rowa - A { Bookman } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope BoldItalic Demi DemiItalic -Light LightItalic Medium MediumItalic } -@Rowa - A { Chancery } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope -Roman Bold Italic Light Demi LightItalic MediumItalic -} -@Rowa - A { Courier } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope BoldOblique Oblique } -@Rowa - A { Helvetica } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope Black BlackOblique -BoldOblique Compressed Cond CondBlack CondBlackObl -CondBold CondBoldObl CondLight CondLightObl -CondOblique ExtraCompressed -Light LightOblique Narrow NarrowBold NarrowBoldObl -NarrowObl Oblique UltraCompressed } -@Rowa - A { Schoolbook } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope BoldItalic Italic Roman } -@Rowa - A { Palatino } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope BoldItalic -BoldItalicOsF BoldOsF Italic ItalicOsF Roman SC } -@Rowa - A { Symbol } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope } -@Rowa - A { Times } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope BoldItalic -BoldItalicOsF BoldSC ExtraBold Italic ItalicOsF -Roman RomanSC Semibold SemiboldItalic } -@Rowa - A { Dingbats } - B { Base Slope Bold BoldSlope } -} -Lout understands all these fonts, but your printing device may not. Times, -Helvetica, Courier, and Symbol at least seem to be ubiquitous, although -not in every face. These fonts work only with languages that use the -Latin1 character set; consult Section {@NumberOf languages} for more -information about this. It is not difficult for a Lout expert to extend this -list @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }. -@PP -It is a convention in Lout that every font family should at least -base. @Index { @Code Base font } -slope. @Index { @Code Slope font } -bold. @Index { @Code Bold font } -boldslope. @Index { @Code BoldSlope font } -contain faces called @Code { Base }, @Code { Slope }, @Code { Bold }, -and @Code { BoldSlope }, and these faces are what the @Code { "@R" }, -@Code { "@I" }, @Code { "@B" }, and @Code { "@BI" } symbols give you. But -this convention is something of a fiction for two reasons. First, -some font families don't have faces that could reasonably be described as -bold or whatever. In particular, the @Code Symbol family contains just -one face, and all four conventional face names produce that face. Second, -the four conventional face names are not names that typographers actually -use, @Code { Bold } excepted. @Code { Slope } produces an italic face -in some families and an oblique one in others. As the table shows, the -true names are available if you want to use them, but it is very convenient -to have a @Code { Slope } face that is guaranteed to exist no matter which -family is used. -@PP -The @Code "@Font" symbol changes the font of the following object. For -font.sym @Index { @Code "@Font" symbol } -example, -@ID @Code "{ Helvetica Slope } @Font { Hello World }" -produces -@ID { Helvetica Slope } @Font { Hello World } -When changing to a different family, a face name must follow the family -name; but when changing face within a family, just the face name is -sufficient. -@PP -To make the characters larger or smaller, you need to change the -font.size @Index { font size } -@I { font size }, which can also be done with the @Code "@Font" -symbol. Font sizes are traditionally measured in {@I points}: there -are 72 points to one inch, and the most common font sizes are 12 point -and 10 point. However, as Section {@NumberOf objects} explains in -detail, any length including fractional lengths is acceptable: -@ID @Code "24p @Font { Hello World }" -changes to 24 point size, producing -@ID 24p @Font { Hello World } -It is also possible to specify a font size relative to the current -size: @Code "+2p" means two points larger, @Code "-2p" means two -points smaller, and @Code "1.5f" means 1.5 times the current font -size. -@PP -If you switch font sizes in the middle of a line, as in -@ID @Code "Here's a 20p @Font big word" -you will discover one of Lout's obscure secrets: -@ID { Here's a 20p @Font big word } -Adjacent letters are aligned vertically through their middles, not -through the baseline, causing this awkward alignment. This was done -because it makes equation formatting easy, and examples like the above -look poor anyway. However, if you want to do this and so require -alignment through the baseline, you can get it, with the @Code baselinemark -option to the @Code "@Font" symbol: -@ID @Code "baselinemark @Font { Here's a 20p @Font big word }" -which produces -@ID baselinemark @Font { Here's a 20p @Font big word } -If you want it this way throughout your document, you can get it by -putting @Code { baselinemark } in your initial font (see below). -Lout's equation formatter contains the opposite option, which is -@Code "xheight2mark @Font { ... }" -(which aligns through a point half the height of -an x character) so you won't disrupt equation formatting if you do -this, although if you put an equation inside a paragraph, its -axis will be aligned with the baseline of the adjacent words. -@PP -There is an @Code "@F" symbol which switches to a fixed width font -family: -@ID @Code "@F { Hello world }" -produces the equivalent of @Code "{ Courier Base -1p } @Font ...", -like this: -@ID @F { Hello world } -The @Code "-1p" is included to compensate for the relatively -large appearance of the Courier font. -@PP -The document as a whole will be set in @Code { Times Base 12p }. To -change this you need to change the @Code "@InitialFont" option, for -initialfont. @Index @Code "@InitialFont" -example to -@ID @Code "@InitialFont { Helvetica Base 10p }" -to get Helvetica 10 point. You must give all three parts in -{@Code "@InitialFont"}: family, face, size. If you are using your own -setup file, as explained in Section {@NumberOf setup}, you can find the -@Code "@InitialFont" option there. If not, you can set it at the -beginning of your document as explained in Section {@NumberOf ordinary}. -@PP -The @Code "@InitialFont" option is also a good place to set the size -of small capitals if you don't like the default size that Lout gives -you: -@ID @Code "@InitialFont { Helvetica Base 10p setsmallcaps 0.9 }" -In this example we're asking for small capitals to have size 0.9 -times the height of ordinary capitals. The number following -@Code "setsmallcaps" is a ratio, not a length, so it carries no -unit of measurement. You can put @Code "setsmallcaps" in an ordinary -@Code "@Font" symbol too, if you like. For example, -@ID @Code "{ setsmallcaps 0.9 } @Font @S { Hello, world }" -has result -@ID { { setsmallcaps 0.9 } @Font @S { Hello, world } } -However for consistency most people would use @Code "setsmallcaps" only in -{@Code "@InitialFont"}, if at all. -@PP -@I Ligatures are sequences of two or more letters run together; the -ligatures. @Index { ligatures } -most common ligatures are `fi' and `fl.' @I Kerning is moving adjacent -kerning. @Index { kerning } -letters closer together, for example in `VA.' Lout considers -ligatures and kerning to be integral parts of each font; you can prevent -them from happening only by enclosing one of the letters in a -@Code "@OneCol" symbol, as in {@Code "@OneCol { V }A" }. Alternatively, -to turn off ligatures you can write -@ID @Code "nolig @Font { ... }" -and then ligatures will not be used within the object following -{@Code "@Font"}. Should you ever need to turn ligatures on -within a region where they are turned off, use {@Code "lig @Font"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_head b/doc/doc/user/bas_head deleted file mode 100644 index 485c2a2..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_head +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Headings } - @Tag { headings } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Heading" symbol makes the following object into a -heading. @Index @Code "@Heading" -heading. Actually, all it does is change the font, so if you want a -centred heading you have to display it as well: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Display @Heading { A Centred Heading }" -"Following text" -} -If you want a left-justified heading, use @Code "@LeftDisplay" instead -of @Code {"@Display"}. Alternatively, you can use no display symbol at -all, but then you will need paragraph symbols before and after: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@DP" -"@Heading { A Left-Justified Heading }" -"@PP" -"Following text" -} -The font used is @Code Bold in the current family, although you can -change this by changing the @Code "@HeadingFont" option in the setup -headingfont. @Index @Code "@HeadingFont" -file (Section {@NumberOf setup}). -@PP -In complex documents, large-scale structure symbols -(Section {@NumberOf largescale}) are usually more appropriate -than the @Code "@Heading" symbol. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_hyph b/doc/doc/user/bas_hyph deleted file mode 100644 index 9e9a2f9..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_hyph +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Hyphenation } - @Tag { hyph } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Break" symbol also controls hyphenation: @Code "hyphen" -hyphenation. @Index hyphenation -@Code "@Break" turns it on, @Code "nohyphen" @Code "@Break" turns it -off. For example, ragged breaking is often done without hyphenation: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@IndentedDisplay { ragged nohyphen } @Break {" -"This little paragraph will appear with" -"ragged ends to its lines." -"}" -} -Lout's method of choosing hyphenation points is copied from the @TeX -tex.hyph @SubIndex { hyphenation } -system, except that Lout will never place a hyphen within a sequence -of characters that form a ligature (fl and -ligatures.hyph @SubIndex { and hyphenation } -fi are the most common ligatures). -@PP -Hyphenation usually works well by itself; you should never need to -interfere with its ideas of what to do. However, if you do want -to tell Lout where you think a hyphen could be inserted, you can -use the @Code "&-" symbol: -@IndentedDisplay @Code { -"after&-math" -} -This both allows hyphenation at the point marked and prevents it -in the adjacent word fragments. If @Code "&-" occurs directly after -a hyphen or slash character, hyphenation will be permitted but no extra -hyphen will be inserted. -@PP -To prevent hyphenation of a word, enclose the word in a @Code "@OneCol" -symbol. To turn hyphenation off throughout the document, you need to set -the @Code "@InitialBreak" option to {@Code "nohyphen"}, as described at -the end of Section {@NumberOf linespace}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_lang b/doc/doc/user/bas_lang deleted file mode 100644 index 9e36cea..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_lang +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Languages other than English } - @Tag { languages } -@Begin -@PP -When part of a document is written in a language other than English, -languages. @Index { languages other than English } -Lout should be informed of this using the @Code "@Language" symbol: -language. @Index @Code "@Language" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"... the garter, he said: French @Language { `Honi soit qui mal y" -"pense' }, and this saying ..." -} -Changing language is quite analogous to changing font using the -@Code "@Font" symbol. -@PP -At the time of writing, the following languages were available: -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @Code A | @Cell mr { 0i } @Code B } - mv { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { Croatian Hrvatski } - B { Italian Italiano it } -@Rowa - A { Czech Cesky Cestina cs } - B { Norwegian Norsk no } -@Rowa - A { Danish Dansk da } - B { Polish Polski pl } -@Rowa - A { Dutch Nederlands nl } - B { Portuguese Português pt } -@Rowa - A { English en } - B { Programming } -@Rowa - A { EnglishUK en-GB } - B { Russian ru } -@Rowa - A { Esperanto eo } - B { Slovak Slovensky Slovencina } -@Rowa - A { Finnish Suomi fi } - B { Slovenian Slovenia Slovenija sl } -@Rowa - A { French Francais Fran{@Char ccedilla}ais fr } - B { Spanish Espa{@Char ntilde}ol es } -@Rowa - A { German Deutsch de } - B { Swedish Svenska sv } -@Rowa - A { Hungarian Magyar hu } - B { UpperSorbian hornjoserbsce serbsce } -} -File @Code "include/langdefs" in the distribution always has the exact -list of known languages. As shown, most languages have alternative -names, all equally acceptable to the @Code "@Language" -symbol. @Code "EnglishUK" differs from @Code "English" only by applying -hyphenation rules said to be more appropriate for British English; -@Code "Programming" is for programming languages and is used by the -symbols of Chapter {@NumberOf cprint}. -@PP -Since accented characters (Section {@NumberOf characters}) are always -available irrespective of the language, at first sight it might seem -that there is no need to bother informing Lout what language you are -writing in. However, words are hyphenated differently depending on the -hyphenation.languages @SubIndex { in languages other than English } -language, and some symbols have different results in different -languages. For example, -@ID @Code "Danish @Language @Date" -produces -@ID { Danish @Language @Date } -date.languages @SubIndex { in languages other than English } -time.languages @SubIndex { in languages other than English } -lists.languages @SubIndex { in languages other than English } -and the alphabetic list symbols of Section {@NumberOf lists} also -vary with the current language. So it's worth doing for the sake of -knowing that non-English parts will appear as they should. -@PP -If your entire document is in a language other than English, you need -to change the @Code "@InitialLanguage" option: -initiallanguage. @Index @Code "@InitialLanguage" -@ID @Code "@InitialLanguage { Deutsch }" -If you are using your own setup file (Section {@NumberOf setup}), you -can change it there. If not, you can change it at the start of your -document, as explained in Section {@NumberOf ordinary}. -@PP -Czech, Polish, and Slovenian (at least) use the Latin2 character set, -and users of these languages have to place -@ID @Code "@SysInclude { latin2 }" -at the start of their documents in order to get access to the -Latin2 versions of the fonts. -@FootNote { Prior to Version 3.21 of Lout, some accented characters -were missing from these Latin2 fonts, but this deficiency has now -been corrected. Lout generates output for these characters which -prints their base letter and accent separately. } These have -family names such as TimesCE, CourierCE, HelveticaCE, and so on (CE -standing for Central European), to distinguish them from the same -fonts encoded in Latin1. The face names are unchanged. A typical -Latin2 document would therefore start off like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { latin2 }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Document" -" @InitialLanguage { Polish }" -" @InitialFont { TimesCE Base 12p }" -"//" -} -Depending on the document type there may be a few other font-setting -options in the setup file that need to be changed; in fact, it might be -best to produce your own setup file in this case, replacing {@Code "doc"}, -with the changed options in it. See Section {@NumberOf setup} for how -to do this. You could even start your setup file off with -@Code "@SysInclude { latin2 }" to avoid the trouble of typing it at -the top of every document. Consult database file @Code "latin2.ld" -in the standard database directory for a complete list of Latin2 fonts. -@PP -Russian uses Cyrillic characters. In principle, users of Russian -have to place -@ID @Code "@SysInclude { russian }" -at the very start of their documents in order to get access to -Cyrillic fonts. However no such fonts are distributed -with the current version of Lout, so this line does nothing at -present. Other left-to-right languages are easily added, so -consult the author if your language is not listed. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_line b/doc/doc/user/bas_line deleted file mode 100644 index 7861112..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_line +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Line spacing } - @Tag { linespace } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Break" symbol also controls the amount of space placed -line.spacing @Index { line spacing } -between the lines of paragraphs. This distance is best given using the -@Code "v" unit of measurement: @Code "1v" is the current line -separation (see Section {@NumberOf objects} for a description of -lengths in general). For example, -@ID @Code "2vx @Break ..." -produces double spacing in the paragraphs of the following object, and -double.spacing @Index { double spacing } -@ID @Code "0.9vx @Break ..." -produces cramped spacing, which can be useful in large tables that don't -quite fit on one page. The @Code "x" following the @Code "v" is required, -but its meaning is beyond our scope @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }. -@PP -To set the entire document in a different line spacing from the -initialbreak @Index @Code "@InitialBreak" -default, you need to change the @Code "@InitialBreak" option. If you -are using your own setup file (Section {@NumberOf setup}), -change it there. If not, you can change it at the beginning of your -document, as described in Section {@NumberOf ordinary}. -@PP -The default value of the @Code "@InitialBreak" option produces the -@Code "adjust" paragraph breaking style with a line spacing of 1.20 -times the current (that is, the initial) font size, and hyphenation -on: -@ID @Code "@InitialBreak { adjust 1.20fx hyphen }" -To get double spacing, change it to -@ID @Code "@InitialBreak { adjust 2.40fx hyphen }" -To get ragged paragraphs with hyphenation off, change it to -@ID @Code "@InitialBreak { ragged 1.20fx nohyphen }" -and so on. It is a good idea to define the initial line spacing using -the @Code "f" unit, since then if you change the initial font size the -line spacing will change with it. However, any length (Section -{@NumberOf objects}) with an @Code "x" appended will do: @Code "14px" -for 14 point, @Code "0.5cx" for 0.5 centimetres, etc. But don't use -the @Code "v" unit, because it refers to some @I previous line spacing, -whereas here we are defining the line spacing for the first time. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_marg b/doc/doc/user/bas_marg deleted file mode 100644 index 416378c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_marg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Margin kerning } - @Tag { mkern } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Break" symbol offers a variant of ordinary paragraph -breaking called @I { margin kerning }, in which small characters -margin.kerning. @Index { margin kerning } -that happen to end up at the start or end of a line protrude -slightly into the margin. This is said to make documents -look better, particularly in narrow columns. For example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -2i @Wide marginkerning @Break { -This is a test, just a little test, of -margin kerning. It should kern small -characters at the margins. -} -} -produces -@ID 2i @Wide marginkerning @Break { -This is a test, just a little test, of -margin kerning. It should kern small -characters at the margins. -} -in which the comma at the end of the first line protrudes. (For the -@Code "@Wide" symbol, which produces a two-inch column here, -see Section {@NumberOf precise}.) -@PP -As with most @Code "@Break" options, you probably want this in your -@Code "@InitialBreak" option, described in Section {@NumberOf paras}, -if you use it at all. By default there is no margin kerning. To turn -it off in a context where it is on, use @Code {"nomarginkerning @Break"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_objs b/doc/doc/user/bas_objs deleted file mode 100644 index f6a2f78..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_objs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,141 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Objects, symbols, options, and lengths } - @Tag { objects } -@Begin -@PP -Lout is not concerned with the exact shapes of individual characters, -only with the rectangular areas they occupy: -@ID { -@Box margin { 0c } B & -@Box margin { 0c } i & -@Box margin { 0c } o & -@Box margin { 0c } l & -@Box margin { 0c } o & -@Box margin { 0c } g & -@Box margin { 0c } y -} -When letters join together into a word, the result is a larger rectangle -enclosing them all: -@ID @Box margin { 0c } Biology -When words join into lines we get even larger rectangles: -@ID @Box margin { 0c } { Biology is the study of living things. } -and so on up through paragraphs and columns to the largest rectangles, -which are pages. We call any such rectangle, whether made up of one -character, one word, one line, one paragraph, one page, or anything -object. @Index { object } -else, an @I { object }. -@PP -We also often say, for example, `the object -{@Code "@I { Hello world }"},' referring to a piece of Lout's input as -an object. This makes sense because we are anticipating the result -produced, in this case the object @I { Hello world }. It's true that if -a line break happens to fall between @I Hello and @I { world }, the -result of @Code "@I { Hello world }" is not a single rectangle. We -answer this by thinking of objects as existing before paragraph breaking -rearranges them. -@PP -Not everything is an object, however. @Code "@I" alone is not an object, -merely a symbol with the potential of producing an object when given an -object to work on. To understand this, ask yourself what rectangle -@Code "@I" alone could possibly represent: there is no such rectangle. -@PP -It helps to imagine the assembly of objects taking place before your -eyes. Look at @Code Hello and imagine the objects H, e, l, l, o being -assembled into the larger object Hello; look at @Code "Hello world" -and imagine Hello and world being assembled into Hello world. When -looking at -@ID @Code "@I { Hello world }" -you need to imagine the @Code "@I" symbol consuming the following object, -Hello world, and replacing it with the object @I { Hello world }. Here -is another example: -@ID @Code "@CurveBox { Hello world }" -The @Code "@CurveBox" symbol (Section {@NumberOf boxes}) consumes -Hello world and replaces it with the object -@ID @CurveBox { Hello world } -This brings us to a basic principle of Lout: @I { Where you can put -one object, you can put any object }. A few examples will show the -vast range of possibilities opened up by this: -@ID @Code "@CurveBox { @I Hello world }" -produces -@ID @CurveBox { @I Hello world } -It doesn't bother @Code "@CurveBox" if one of the words inside -it is in italics. Next: -@ID @Code "@I @CurveBox { Hello world }" -produces -@ID @I @CurveBox { Hello world } -The object following @Code "@I" cannot be just @Code {"@CurveBox"}, -since that is not an object by itself (it needs to be applied to some -object first). So the object following @Code "@I" is -@Code {"@CurveBox { Hello world }"}, and it is this that is consumed by -@Code "@I" and modified. The @Code "@I" symbol is happy to hunt -through the object looking for words to italicize. We could go on -indefinitely in this way, producing -@ID @CurveBox { @CurveBox Hello @CurveBox world } -for example by {@Code "@CurveBox { @CurveBox Hello @CurveBox world }"}. -@PP -Symbols like @Code "@CurveBox" often have @I { options }, which are -option. @Index { option } -subsidiary symbols that modify the result. For example, @Code "@CurveBox" -has @Code "margin" and @Code "paint" options: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@CurveBox" -" margin { 0.5c }" -" paint { lightgrey }" -"{ Hello world }" -} -Options come immediately after the main symbol, before any following -object. Each consists of the option name followed by the value we want -the option to have, always enclosed in braces. Setting out options on -separate lines as we have done above makes them easy to see but is not -compulsory (end of line and space are the same to Lout). The result, -naturally enough, is a curved box with a 0.5 centimetre margin around -its contents, painted light grey: -@ID @CurveBox - margin { 0.5c } - paint { lightgrey } -{ Hello world } -Options are optional: if you leave out an option, Lout supplies a -sensible @I default value for it. Options may be given in any -order. They are a very useful way of adding flexibility to symbols -without cluttering things up when they aren't needed. They also help -with learning: you can learn the basic symbol first and worry about -the options later. -@PP -Whenever a length is required, as in the @Code margin option above, it -length. @Index { length } -centimetres. @Index { centimetres } -inches. @Index { inches } -point.unit @Index { point (unit of measurement) } -em.unit @Index { em (unit of measurement) } -f.unit @Index { @Code f unit of measurement } -s.unit @Index { @Code s unit of measurement } -v.unit @Index { @Code v unit of measurement } -units.of @Index { units of measurement } -may be given using any one of the following seven units of measurement: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa A { c } B { Centimetres } -@Rowa A { i } B { Inches ({@Code "1i"} = {@Code "2.54c"}) } -@Rowa A { p } B { Points ({@Code "72p"} = {@Code "1i"}) } -@Rowa A { m } B { Ems ({@Code "12m"} = {@Code "1i"}) } -@Rowa A { f } B { @Code "1f" is the current font size } -@Rowa A { s } B { @Code "1s" is the current width of a space character } -@Rowa A { v } B { @Code "1v" is the current inter-line spacing } -} -The first four all define absolute distances and are strictly -interchangeable. It is traditional to measure font sizes in points; typical -sizes are @Code "12p" and {@Code "10p"}, but fractional sizes are allowed. -@PP -If you use the @Code "f" unit, the length will depend on the current -font size. This can be very useful. For example, the default value of -the @Code "margin" option of @Code "@CurveBox" is @Code "0.3f" (0.3 -times the current font size). If you use a large font, for example in -an overhead transparency, you get a correspondingly large margin without -having to ask for it. -@PP -The @Code "s" and @Code "v" units are less useful. The @Code "v" unit -is used within paragraph symbols (Section {@NumberOf paragraphs}) to -ensure that the space between paragraphs widens with the inter-line spacing. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_par1 b/doc/doc/user/bas_par1 deleted file mode 100644 index eaf2839..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_par1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,106 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Starting a new line, paragraph, or page } - @Tag { paragraphs } -@Begin -@PP -The usual way to start a new paragraph is with the @Code "@PP" `plain -pp. @Index @Code "@PP" -paragraphs. @Index { paragraph symbols } -paragraph' symbol. It produces a small vertical space and indents the -first line of the new paragraph. Some document formatting systems -interpret a blank line as a request to start a new paragraph. This is -not the case with Lout: a blank line is two line-endings, equivalent to -two spaces. -@PP -The @Code "@LP" `left paragraph' symbol produces the same -lp. @Index @Code "@LP" -vertical space as {@Code "@PP"}, but omits the indent. The @Code "@LLP" -`left line paragraph' symbol starts a new paragraph using -llp. @Index @Code "@LLP" -the usual inter-line spacing and no indent, or in other words it starts a -new line. If you are using it to create single lines, you need the -@Code "lines" paragraph breaking style instead (Section {@NumberOf paras}). -@PP -The @Code "@DP" `display paragraph' symbol produces a somewhat larger -dp. @Index @Code "@DP" -vertical space, equal to the amount used before and after displays -(Section {@NumberOf displays}), with no indent. To get even more -space, use @Code "@DP" repeatedly. Another symbol, -{@Code "@LOP"}, leaves a paragraph break the size of the gap left -lop. @Index @Code "@LOP" -outside (that is, before and after) lists (Section {@NumberOf lists}). This -is usually equal to {@Code "@DP"}. -@PP -The {@Code "@NP"} `new page' symbol causes the following paragraph to -page. @Index { page, skipping to next } -new.page @Index { new page } -np. @Index { @Code "@NP" (new page) } -begin on a new page or column. Of course, Lout starts a new page or -column automatically when the old one is full, so @Code "@NP" is needed -only rarely. -@PP -To make each section begin on a new page you must set the @Code "@SectionGap" -sectiongap. @Index @Code "@SectionGap" -setup file option (Section {@NumberOf largescale}). To make one particular -section start on a new page or column, place @Code "@NP" within the previous -section, at the end. Placing @Code "@NP" between sections will not work. -@PP -Occasionally Lout will start a new page or column directly after a heading, -which looks very poor. The obvious answer is to place an @Code "@NP" -just before the heading, but when the document is later revised and the -heading no longer falls near the page or column ending, this @Code "@NP" -will have to be taken away again. -A better answer is to precede the heading with a @Code "@CNP" `conditional -cnp. @Index @Code "@CNP" -new page' symbol, which checks whether enough space remains in the page or -column for a heading and at least two lines of text. If so, @Code "@CNP" -does nothing; if not, @Code "@CNP" causes a new page or column to be begun, -like {@Code "@NP"}. The recommended arrangement is -@ID @OneRow @Code { -# "end of previous part." -"@DP" -"@CNP" -"@Heading { A Heading }" -"@PP" -"First paragraph of next part ..." -} -The @Code "@CNP" symbol should be preceded by either @Code "@DP" or -@Code "@LP", preferably {@Code "@DP"}, and this determines the amount of -space when the @Code "@NP" action does not occur. -@PP -The ultimate answer to the conditional new page problem is to recognise -that the heading is the beginning of a new section of the document, and -to use a large-scale structure symbol like @Code "@Section" (Section -{@NumberOf largescale}). Conditional new page is just one of many -services provided automatically by these symbols. -@PP -Some people do not like to see the first line of a paragraph alone at -the bottom of a page, or the last line of a paragraph alone at the -top (these blemishes are sometimes called widows and orphans). You -can instruct Lout not to allow these; see the next section for details. -@PP -You can modify the effect of the paragraph symbols by changing options -in the setup file. For general information about setup files and their -options, consult Section {@NumberOf setup}; here we just explain how -the relevant options work. The options and their default values are -paragap @Index @Code "@ParaGap" -paraindent @Index @Code "@ParaIndent" -displaygap @Index @Code "@DisplayGap" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@ParaGap { 1.30vx }" -"@ParaIndent { 2.00f }" -"@DisplayGap { 1.00v }" -} -The values are lengths (Section {@NumberOf objects}), except that -for reasons beyond our scope @Code "@ParaGap" must be a length with -an @Code "x" appended, as shown. The @Code "@ParaGap" option determines -how much vertical space will be -inserted by @Code "@PP" and {@Code "@LP"}. The default value, -{@Code "1.30vx"}, is 30% more than the normal inter-line spacing; -to get no extra spacing, change it to {@Code "1.00vx"}. The -@Code "@ParaIndent" option determines the width of the indent produced -by {@Code "@PP"}, and its default value is twice the current font -size. The @Code "@DisplayGap" option determines the amount of vertical -space inserted by {@Code "@DP"}, as well as the vertical space before -and after displays. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_par2 b/doc/doc/user/bas_par2 deleted file mode 100644 index f26ec9e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_par2 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,338 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Paragraph breaking } - @Tag { paras } -@Begin -@PP -@I { Paragraph breaking } is the process of -paragraph.breaking @Index { paragraph breaking } -inserting line breaks into paragraphs at places appropriate to the column -width. Lout works out suitable column widths and performs paragraph -breaking automatically, finding an `optimal' break with the method -used by the @TeX -tex.paragraph @SubIndex { paragraph breaking } -system. It offers ten styles of paragraph breaking, -which we will explore with the aid of this example: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -} -Changing the paragraph breaking style is similar to changing the font, -colour, or language, and is done using the @Code "@Break" symbol: -breakzzz.sym @Index { @Code "@Break" symbol } -@ID @Code "ragged @Break ..." -This example causes every paragraph in the following object to be -broken using the @Code ragged style, of which more below. -@PP -The first two styles perform @I { line adjustment }, which -line.adjustment @Index { line adjustment } -means that they enlarge the spaces between the objects making up each -line except the last so as to fill the lines completely: -@IndentedList -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "adjust @Break ..." } - B { adjust @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "outdent @Break ..." } - B { outdent @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@EndList -The @Code adjust style is frequently used, so it has been chosen as the -default style. Outdenting adds a small space at the start of each line -outdent. @Index { outdented paragraphs } -except the first, and is much less common. -@PP -The next four styles do not adjust lines, leaving the paragraph -ragged. @Index { @Code ragged paragraph breaking style } -cragged. @Index { @Code cragged paragraph breaking style } -rragged. @Index { @Code rragged paragraph breaking style } -oragged. @Index { @Code oragged paragraph breaking style } -{@I ragged}: -@IndentedList -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "ragged @Break ..." } - B { ragged @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "cragged @Break ..." } - B { cragged @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "rragged @Break ..." } - B { rragged @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "oragged @Break ..." } - B { oragged @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@EndList -The paragraph is broken in the same places as @Code adjust breaks it, -but the resulting lines are left-justified, centred, or right-justified -with respect to each other, rather than adjusted; @Code "oragged" -is like @Code "outdent" except the resulting lines are not adjusted. -@PP -If you have a few words that must be kept together on one line, the -preventing. @Index { preventing line breaks } -keeping. @Index { keeping things on one line } -recommended way is to separate them by the @Code "~" symbol: -@ID @Code "According to Prof.~Jones, the effect of ..." -It's best not to bother about this until you actually get a bad line -break, since chances are good that the words will fall on one line anyway. -@PP -The last four styles differ from the first six in breaking the -paragraph at the points where it is broken in the original input: -lines. @Index { @Code lines paragraph breaking style } -clines. @Index { @Code clines paragraph breaking style } -olines. @Index { @Code olines paragraph breaking style } -rlines. @Index { @Code rlines paragraph breaking style } -@IndentedList -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "lines @Break ..." } - B { lines @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "clines @Break ..." } - B { clines @Break { -It @PageMark clines is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "rlines @Break ..." } - B { rlines @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@LI @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "olines @Break ..." } - B { olines @Break { -It is a truth universally -acknowledged, that a single man -in possession of a good fortune, -must be in want of a wife. -}} -} -@EndList -The lines are left-justified, centred, right-justified, or outdented -with respect to each other in the same way as for the ragged styles. -@PP -When using the @Code lines style, there are some fine points concerning -the proper use of white space. Consider this example: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I {" -"Teach me to hear Mermaides singing," -"Or to keep off envies stinging," -" And finde" -" What winde" -"Serves to'advance an honest minde." -"}" -} -The result is the indented display -@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I { -Teach me to hear Mermaides singing, -Or to keep off envies stinging, - And finde - What winde -Serves to'advance an honest minde. -} -This style is the only one for which it is useful to indent individual -input lines; as the result shows, such indents will be respected. -However, Lout's rule that only white space separating objects -affects the result (Section {@NumberOf spaces}) still holds, so -indenting the first line is not effective: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I {" -" And finde" -" What winde" -"Serves to'advance an honest minde." -"}" -} -produces -@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I { - And finde - What winde -Serves to'advance an honest minde. -} -This may seem awkward, but actually it is very convenient, because -you don't have to worry about whether the first line of the paragraph -should appear on a new line as above, or immediately after the opening -brace: space at that point does not separate two objects, so it has -no effect. The indent can be obtained by starting the first line -with an empty object (Section {@NumberOf empty}): -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I {" -"{} And finde" -" What winde" -"Serves to'advance an honest minde." -"}" -} -The result is -@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I { -{} And finde - What winde -Serves to'advance an honest minde. -} -as desired. -@PP -When using {@Code lines}, {@Code clines}, {@Code rlines}, and -{@Code "olines @Break"}, blank lines are respected and ordinarily appear -at their full height. However, it often looks better to give somewhat -blanklinescale. @Index { @Code blanklinescale } -less than this to blank lines. For this there is the {@Code blanklinescale} -option to {@Code "@Break"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@IndentedDisplay { lines blanklinescale 0.6 } @Break @I { -Go, and catch a falling star, - Get with child a mandrake root, -Tell me, where all past years are, - Or who cleft the Devil's foot, -Teach me to hear Mermaides singing, -Or to keep off envies stinging, - And finde - What winde -Serves to'advance an honest minde. - -If thou be'st born to strange sights, - Things invisible to see, -Ride ten thousand days and nights, - Till age snow white hairs on thee, -Thou, when thou return'st, wilt tell me -All strange wonders that befell thee, - And swear - No where -Lives a woman true, and fair. -} -} -As shown, @Code "blanklinescale" may appear at any point in the -object to the left of {@Code "@Break"}, followed by a number -indicating how much to scale the usual height of a blank line by. The -object to the left of @Code "@Break" has to be enclosed in braces as -shown, to ensure that its extent is clear. The result is -@IndentedDisplay { lines blanklinescale 0.6 } @Break @I { -Go, and catch a falling star, - Get with child a mandrake root, -Tell me, where all past years are, - Or who cleft the Devil's foot, -Teach me to hear Mermaides singing, -Or to keep off envies stinging, - And finde - What winde -Serves to'advance an honest minde. - -If thou be'st born to strange sights, - Things invisible to see, -Ride ten thousand days and nights, - Till age snow white hairs on thee, -Thou, when thou return'st, wilt tell me -All strange wonders that befell thee, - And swear - No where -Lives a woman true, and fair. -} -in which the verses are separated by considerably less than a full -blank line; instead of a baseline-to-baseline gap of twice the -interline space, as usual, the gap here is only 1.6 times the -interline space. Two blank lines would give 2.2 times the -interline space, and so on. There is no unit of measurement -associated with {@Code "blanklinescale"}, because it is a scale -factor, not a length. -@PP -To set the entire document in a paragraph breaking style other -than {@Code "adjust"}, you need to change the @Code "@InitialBreak" option, -as explained at the end of Section {@NumberOf linespace}. -@PP -Some people don't like to see the first line of a paragraph alone at the -widows @Index { widow lines } -orphans @Index { orphan lines } -unbreakablefirst. @Index { @Code unbreakablefirst } -unbreakablelast. @Index { @Code unbreakablelast } -foot of a page or column (the rest appearing on the next page). You can -instruct Lout not to allow this with -@ID @Code "unbreakablefirst @Break ..." -meaning that the first line cannot be broken off from the rest of the -paragraph. Similarly, -@ID @Code "unbreakablelast @Break ..." -instructs Lout to prevent the last line of a paragraph from appearing -alone at the top of a page or column. These features would probably be -invoked in the @Code "@InitialBreak" option, like this: -@ID -@Code "@InitialBreak { unbreakablefirst unbreakablelast hyphen adjust 1.2fx }" -You can turn them off with @Code "breakablefirst @Break" -and @Code "breakablelast @Break". In both cases Lout makes it happen by -breaking at the previous place, either between paragraphs or two lines from -the end of a paragraph. Both features are compatible with Lout's -@Code "@OptimizePages" option, which optimizes the overall page -layout subject to these requirements. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_spac b/doc/doc/user/bas_spac deleted file mode 100644 index 0a120a8..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_spac +++ /dev/null @@ -1,104 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Spaces and braces } - @Tag { spaces } -@Begin -@PP -Every symbol in Lout either consists entirely of letters ({@Code "@"} -symbols. @Index { symbols, makeup of } -is considered to be a letter) or entirely of punctuation characters. Here -are some examples of each type: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @I @CC A ! @Col @I @CC B } - @Fmtb { @Col @Code @CC A ! @Col @Code @CC B } -{ -@Rowa A { From letters } B { From punctuation } -@Rowb A { "@PP" } B { "{" } -@Rowb A { "margin" } B { "}" } -} -Now if two symbols made from letters are run together like this: -@ID { -@Code "@CurveBox@I Hello" &8ct @I (wrong!) -} -Lout will take this to mean one word or symbol called {@Code "@CurveBox@I"}, -which is wrong. In the same way, a letter-type symbol cannot be run -together with a word. However, punctuation-type symbols can be run together -with anything. For example, in -@ID @Code "@CurveBox{ Hello @I { world }}." -Lout understands that @Code "@CurveBox" and @Code "{" -# } -are separate, and it also sorts out -# {{ -@Code "}}." into two right brace symbols and a full stop. It might -seem strange to treat punctuation and letters so differently, -but computer programming languages have done it like this for -many years, and it works well. This is the first use for -spaces. @Index { spaces, significance of } -spaces: to separate letter-type symbols from each other and from words. -@PP -To see the second use for spaces, consider two words side by side: -@ID @Code "Hello world" -We want this to produce Hello world, so a space between two words in -the input must mean a space between them in the result. Apply the -golden rule (where you can put one object, you can put any object) and -you get this: @I { a space between two objects in the input produces -a space between them in the result }. For example, -@ID @Code "@CurveBox Hello @CurveBox world" -produces -@ID { @CurveBox Hello @CurveBox world } -The space between the two objects @Code "@CurveBox Hello" and -@Code "@CurveBox world" appears between them in the result; the other -two spaces do not separate objects so do not appear in the result. -@PP -Two objects may be separated by a number of spaces other than one. If -they are separated by no spaces, they will appear immediately adjacent -in the result; if separated by two spaces, they will appear two spaces -apart; and so on. In English it is correct to leave two spaces between -the end of one sentence and the beginning of the next, for example. See -Section {@NumberOf white} for two alternative ways to interpret white -space in Lout. -@PP -Occasionally the two uses for spaces conflict. For example, to produce -@ID { { @CurveBox Hello }{ @CurveBox world } } -we need to have no spaces between the two objects, but then @Code "Hello" -and the following @Code "@CurveBox" would be run together, which will -not work. The solution is to use braces: -@ID @Code "{ @CurveBox Hello }{ @CurveBox world }" -None of the six spaces in this example lie between two objects. -@PP -However, the main use of braces is to inform Lout that the object -within them is to be kept together, so that any nearby symbols are to -apply to all of it. For example, leaving the braces out of -@Code "@I { Hello world }" would mean that @Code "@I" applies only to -{@Code "Hello"}. -@PP -When an object-consuming symbol like @Code "@I" is followed by an -braces. @RawIndex { braces } -braces.in.lout @SubIndex { in Lout text } -object enclosed in braces, that is the object consumed. For example, -@ID @Code "This is @I { absolutely necessary }, since otherwise ..." -produces -@ID { This is @I { absolutely necessary }, since otherwise ... } -with the object @Code "absolutely necessary" italicized, but not the -following comma. If there are no braces, the object consumed is -everything up to the next object-separating space: -@ID @Code "This is @I necessary, since otherwise ..." -produces -@ID { This is @I necessary, since otherwise ... } -with an undesirable italic comma. In practice, this means you can -avoid braces only when italicizing a single word with no punctuation -attached. -@PP -One common pitfall is to use unnecessary braces, like this: -@ID { -@Code "@I { @CurveBox { Hello world } }" &8ct @I (bad!) -} -Another is to think that all spaces produce space in the result, and so -write -@ID { -@Code "@I{@CurveBox{Hello world}}" &8ct @I (worse!) -} -Use braces only when necessary, and add extra spaces where they do not -separate objects, and your documents will be far easier to read while -you are working on them. Don't be fooled by the argument that says it -doesn't matter because it doesn't affect the final printed result. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_star b/doc/doc/user/bas_star deleted file mode 100644 index 512148a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_star +++ /dev/null @@ -1,129 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Getting started } - @Tag { start } -@Begin -@PP -Suppose you want to produce the following little document: -@CD @Box margin { 1.3c } 7.0c @Wide 9c @High { -@Display @Heading { Introduction by W. J. Harvey } -harvey.w.j @Index { Harvey, W. J. } -For Virginia Woolf, @I Middlemarch was `the magnificent book -which for all its imperfections is one of the few English novels -written for grown-up people.' -@PP -She was, no doubt, thinking of George Eliot's unblinking but -eliot.g @Index { Eliot, George } -compassionate delineation of her characters, of the subtlety of -psychological analysis and the maturity of moral comment which -underlie this complex and varied novel of English provincial -life in the early nineteenth century. -} -Unlike word processing and desktop publishing systems, with Lout you -cannot see and edit your document on the screen in this finished -form. Instead, you edit an ordinary text file, in which your text is -augmented with symbols that mark out the headings, paragraphs, and so -on. Although it would be nice to be able to see and edit the finished -form, working with a text file and symbols does have some compensating -advantages. -@PP -The first step in producing your introduction to @I Middlemarch is to -use the text editor of your choice to construct this text file: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"@Display @Heading { Introduction by W. J. Harvey }" -"For Virginia Woolf, @I Middlemarch was `the magnificent book which for all its" -"imperfections is one of the few English novels written for grown-up people.'" -"@PP" -"She was, no doubt, thinking of George Eliot's unblinking but compassionate" -"delineation of her characters, of the subtlety of psychological analysis and" -"the maturity of moral comment which underlie this complex and varied novel" -"of English provincial life in the early nineteenth century." -"@End @Text" -} -Comparing this with the finished form, it's easy to guess that -@Code "@I" is a symbol that causes the following thing to be printed -in italics, and that @Code "@PP" starts a new paragraph. The other -symbols are not much harder. -@PP -@Code "@SysInclude { doc }" instructs Lout to read a @I { setup file } -called {@Code "doc"}, in which the symbols are defined. Setup files -are the subject of Chapter {@NumberOf changes}, but you can go a long -way without worrying about them. @Code "@Doc @Text @Begin" and -@Code "@End @Text" have no visible effect, but they must bracket the -document as a whole. Again, you don't have to know what they are for. -@PP -That explains everything except the part that produces the heading. It's -an interesting glimpse of the way that Lout's symbols cooperate with -each other: -@ID @Code "@Display @Heading { Introduction by W. J. Harvey }" -The @Code "@Display" symbol does the centring and leaves space above -and below, while @Code "@Heading" switches to a bold font. The braces -group the words of the heading together so that these symbols apply to -all of it; without them they would apply to just the first word. All -this is explained in detail in Sections {@NumberOf objects} -and {@NumberOf spaces}. -@PP -Once the file is ready, the next step is to get it processed by the -Basser Lout interpreter. If the file's name is {@Code "intro"}, -the command for this on the Unix -@FootNote { Unix is a trademark. } -operating system is -@ID @Code "lout intro > intro.ps" -The output is the PostScript -@FootNote { PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. } -file {@Code "intro.ps"}, which is suitable for printing on many laser -printers and other devices. There are programs that show you the -result on your screen as well, although you won't be able to edit it -there. You can also get plain text output (Section {@NumberOf plain}) -and PDF output. -@PP -There are a few points that often confuse people as they begin, so we'll -treat them briefly now with pointers to later sections where they are -done properly. -@PP -Some characters are symbols that produce special effects -- for -example, @Code "{" and @Code "}" produce grouping -- and to turn off -these effects the characters must be enclosed in double quotes: @Code -"\"{\"" produces "{". The complete set of these special characters is -@ID @Code "/ | & { } # @ ^ ~ \\ \"" -Section {@NumberOf characters} treats unusual characters in full detail. -@PP -Symbols like @Code "@Doc" and @Code "@Text" must be separated from -each other by one or more spaces, otherwise Lout will think they are part -of one symbol. See Section {@NumberOf spaces} for the details. -@PP -People familiar with other systems might expect that leaving a blank line would -cause Lout to start a new paragraph; but this is not so, you must use a -paragraph symbol. Lout will ordinarily take notice of how many spaces you type -between words (Section {@NumberOf spaces}), but it will mimic the spacing rules -of two other systems, troff and @TeX, if you prefer (Section {@NumberOf white}). -@PP -When Lout runs, you might see some error messages containing the words -errors. @Index { errors } -`unresolved cross reference' and `no destination point' -- not on file -@Code "intro" above, but on more complicated ones (anything with a footnote, -for example). These just mean that you have to run the @Code "lout" command -again to finish off the complicated things (Section {@NumberOf cross}), and -they will gradually go away. Of course, if you see messages about missing -braces, unknown symbols, and so on, you need to revise your file. Lout will -give the line number of the problem, and how far along the line it is. -@PP -@BI { WARNING: } Lout allows documents to cause arbitrary system commands -to be executed. These typically do useful things such as format computer -programs and uncompress graphics files, but it is possible for a -malicious person to send you a document which includes a command to delete -all your files, send abusive mail to the President of the United States in -your name, etc. You can protect yourself against this possibility by using -the `safe execution' flag: -@ID @Code "lout -S suspect.document > out.ps" -Then no system commands will be executed; instead, Lout will print them so -that you can confirm for yourself that they are safe before running again -without the flag. These system commands are Lout's only potentially unsafe -features, but you also need to worry about whether the resulting PostScript -file contains malicious code, since the document may direct Lout to include -arbitrary PostScript code in the output. The safe execution of PostScript -programs is a matter for PostScript interpreters, not for Lout. For example, -the popular Ghostview program has a @Code "-safer" command line option, -which is rumoured to disable unsafe PostScript features. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_supe b/doc/doc/user/bas_supe deleted file mode 100644 index 40faf92..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_supe +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Superscripts and subscripts } - @Tag { super } -@Begin -@PP -There are @Code "@Sup" and @Code "@Sub" symbols for producing -superscripts and subscripts: -@ID @Code "2 @Sup nd" -produces -@ID { 2 @Sup nd } -and the @Code "@Sub" symbol works in a similar way. These symbols -are probably never required in English language text, since the -only uses for them are in footnotes, which produce the superscript -automatically, and equations, which have their own versions of these -symbols. Both symbols have a @Code "gap" option which determines the -vertical spacing. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_unde b/doc/doc/user/bas_unde deleted file mode 100644 index 57bcc8a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_unde +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Underlining } - @Tag { underlining } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Underline" symbol underlines the following object: -underline.sym @Index @Code "@Underline" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"This little paragraph of text will have" -"@Underline { three underlined words } in it." -} -produces -@ID @OneRow 1.6i @Wide { -This little paragraph of text will have -@Underline { three underlined words } in it. -} -The underlining is continuous unless a line break intervenes. You -can't use this symbol to underline an arbitrary object: it is carefully -designed to produce high-quality underlining of single words and -parts of paragraphs, and it works only for those objects. -@PP -Each font contains information about how words in that font should be -underlined: how far below the baseline the line should be drawn, and how -thick. The @Code "@Underline" symbol uses this information; the font -it bases its underlining on is the font of the first object underlined -if it is a word, or else the font of the enclosing paragraph. -@PP -The underline produced by @Code "@Underline" will have the same colour -as whatever is being underlined. If you want a different colour, you need -the @Code "@ColouredUnderline" or equivalently @Code "@ColoredUnderline" -symbol, which takes a colour on the left as well as the thing to be -underlined on the right: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"This little paragraph of text will have" -"blue @ColouredUnderline { three underlined words } in it." -} -produces -@ID @OneRow 1.6i @Wide { -This little paragraph of text will have -blue @ColouredUnderline { three underlined words } in it. -} -The colours available are as for the @Code "@Colour" symbol from -Section {@NumberOf colour}. -@PP -There is no way to set a default value for the colour of a coloured -underline, but you can make it easy to get an underline of a specific -colour, by placing a definition at the start of your document, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -import @BasicSetup -def @MustCheck right x { blue @ColouredUnderline x } -} -This allows you to type @Code "@MustCheck" instead of -{@Code "blue @ColouredUnderline"}. Definitions are explained in -general in Section {@NumberOf definitions}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bas_verb b/doc/doc/user/bas_verb deleted file mode 100644 index 6165878..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bas_verb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,104 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Verbatim and piped text } - @Tag { verbatim } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Verbatim" symbol -@FootNote { -Prior to Version 3.13 the @Code "@Verbatim" symbol was restricted to Unix -systems only. This restriction no longer applies to @Code "@Verbatim" and -{@Code "@RawVerbatim"}, but it does apply to {@Code "@Pipe"}, -{@Code "@PipeVerbatim"}, and {@Code "@PipeRawVerbatim"}. -} -prints the following object exactly as -verbatim.sym @Index @Code "@Verbatim" -it appears in the input file. All special meanings for characters, -symbols, etc. are turned off; there is one result line for -each input line. For example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@IndentedDisplay @Verbatim { -A line of "verbatim" text -Another line, with a \ character -} -} -has result -@IndentedDisplay @Verbatim { -A line of "verbatim" text -Another line, with a \ character -} -Use @Code "@F @Verbatim { ... }" to get the result in a fixed-width font. -@PP -If the verbatim text contains @Code "{" or @Code "}" characters, then -they should either be balanced or else you need to use the alternative -form -@ID @Code { -"@Verbatim @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Verbatim" -} -so that there is no doubt about where the verbatim text ends. Although -we have said that there are no special meanings, there is one exception -to this rule: @Code "@Include" and @Code "@SysInclude" commands are -recognized, allowing all or part of the verbatim text to come from some -other file. Braces do not have to be balanced in that file. -@PP -Occasionally the first line of some verbatim text begins with some -spaces that have to be preserved. This is a problem for @Code "@Verbatim" -because it ignores all white spaces following the opening brace and -all white spaces preceding the closing brace. However, the alternative -@Code "@RawVerbatim" symbol stops ignoring white spaces at the opening -raw.verbatim.sym @Index @Code "@RawVerbatim" -as soon as a newline character is reached; in other words, it will -preserve all white spaces following the first newline. -@PP -The @Code "@Pipe" symbol (available on Unix-style systems only) may be -pipe.sym @Index @Code "@Pipe" -used to pipe some text through a Unix command. For example, -@ID @Code lines @Break @Verbatim { -@ID lines @Break "sort" @Pipe { -Gaskell, Elizabeth -Lawrence, D. H. -Austen, Jane -Dickens, Charles -} -} -will cause the object between braces following @Code "@Pipe" to be -piped without interpretation through the Unix @Code "sort" command; its -output is the result of the @Code "@Pipe" command, here made into a -display preserving the line breaks in the output. The final result will -be the four authors, one per line, in alphabetical order. We can't show -this result to you because that would make this manual not compilable on -non-Unix systems. -@PP -The double quotes around @Code sort are not necessary in this example, -but may be in more complex ones. For example, one can see just the -first few lines of the sorted result using -@ID @Code @Verbatim { "sort | head" @Pipe ... } -and here the quotes are necessary because @Code "|" is one of the special -characters that need quoting, according to Section {@NumberOf characters}. -The quotes also serve to group the command into a single Lout object. -@PP -Some Unix commands don't need any input, and then the object following -@Code "@Pipe" may be empty. For example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { "ls" @Pipe {} } -will list the files of the current directory. -@PP -Any Lout symbols in the result of the @Code "@Pipe" symbol, such as -{@Code "@PP"}, {@Code "@Box"}, and so on, will be interpreted in the -usual way. This is convenient because it allows you to write your -own Unix commands that include Lout symbols in their output. However, -sometimes it is preferable if the output is treated verbatim. For -example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { "pwd" @Pipe {} } -attempts to print the current working directory, but this will not -come out well because the output contains {@Code "/"} symbols, which -Lout will then attempt to interpret as Lout symbols. To avoid this -problem, use @Code "@PipeVerbatim" instead of {@Code "@Pipe"}: -pipeverbatim.sym @Index @Code "@PipeVerbatim" -piperawverbatim.sym @Index @Code "@PipeRawVerbatim" -@ID @Code @Verbatim { "pwd" @PipeVerbatim {} } -This causes the output of the command to be enclosed in -@Code "@Verbatim @Begin" and {@Code "@End @Verbatim"}. There is -also a @Code "@PipeRawVerbatim" symbol which encloses the output in -@Code "@RawVerbatim" rather than the ordinary {@Code "@Verbatim"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr b/doc/doc/user/bgr deleted file mode 100644 index 66f4a2f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Basic Graphics } - @Tag { graphics } -@Begin -@LP -This chapter introduces some basic graphics symbols for colour, texture, -graphics. @Index { graphics (basic) } -graphics.see @RawSubIndex { @I { see also } diagrams, graphs, pie graphs } -rotation, scaling, and included illustrations. These are all from the -standard BasicLayout package, so no @Code "@SysInclude" line is needed to -get them beyond the usual @Code "@SysInclude { doc }" or whatever. -@BeginSections -@Include { bgr_colo } -@Include { bgr_text } -@Include { bgr_boxs } -@Include { bgr_outl } -@Include { bgr_rota } -@Include { bgr_scal } -@Include { bgr_clip } -@Include { bgr_mirr } -@Include { bgr_incl } -@Include { bgr_prec } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_boxs b/doc/doc/user/bgr_boxs deleted file mode 100644 index c75b059..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_boxs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,216 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Boxes and rules } - @Tag { boxes } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Box" symbol causes the following object to be enclosed in a -box. @Index @Code "@Box" -box: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@QuotedDisplay @Box {" -"@CentredDisplay @Heading Cheating" -"The Department uses assignments ... of that student alone." -"}" -} -The result of this is -@QuotedDisplay @Box { -@CentredDisplay @Heading Cheating -The Department uses assignments both as a teaching device and as a -major component of its assessment of each student. It therefore -requires that all programs, exercises etc. handed in bearing an -individual student's name be the work of that student alone. -} -showing that a box may enclose an arbitrarily complicated object. -@PP -The @Code "@Box" symbol has a @Code margin option which determines the -box. @RawIndex @Code "@Box" -box.margin @SubIndex { @Code "margin" option } -margin between the box and what it encloses. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Box" -" margin { 0.1c }" -"{}" -} -requests a box with a 0.1 centimetre margin enclosing an empty object, -so the result is a square whose width and height are 0.2 centimetres: -@ID @Box margin { 0.1c } {} -If the @Code "margin" option is omitted, it is assigned the default -value {@Code "0.3f"}, which means 0.3 times the current font size. It -is very useful to tie the margin to the font size in this way, because -large headings (in overhead transparencies, say) need large margins. -@PP -There is a @Code "linewidth" option which determines the width -box.linewidth @SubIndex { @Code "linewidth" option } -(thickness) of the line drawn around the boundary of the box: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Box" -" linewidth { 0.1c }" -"{ Hello world }" -} -produces -@ID @Code { -@Box - linewidth { 0.1c } -{ Hello world } -} -Lout does not take the line width into account when working out how -large everything is: as far as Lout is concerned, the line always -has width zero. If you draw very thick lines you might need a larger -margin and more space near the box. The default value of @Code linewidth -is empty, which produces whatever width the PostScript interpreter -in your output device thinks is a good default value. The special -value @Code "none" for @Code "linewidth" ensures that no line is drawn -around the box at all. -@PP -There is also a @Code "paint" option which paints a background of the -box.paint @SubIndex { @Code "paint" option } -nominated colour: -@ID @Code "@Box paint { grey } WARNING!" -has result -@ID @Box paint { grey } WARNING! -This is quite different from {@Code "grey @Colour @Box WARNING!"}, -which produces -@ID grey @Colour @Box WARNING! -The @Code "paint" option may be given any colour from the list in -Section {@NumberOf colour}; its default value is {@Code "none"}, which -is a special value (not a colour) which means no painting. White paint -comes into its own inside painted boxes: -@ID @Code "@Box paint { nochange } white @Colour { Hello world }" -makes a box painted in whatever colour we are using at the moment, -with white text inside: -@ID @Box paint { nochange } white @Colour { Hello world } -This works because the box is painted before the object it encloses -is drawn on the page. -@PP -Wherever there is a @Code paint option in Lout for painting the background -of something, there is always an accompanying @Code texture option for -box.texture @SubIndex { @Code "texture" option } -applying that paint with the textures described in -Section {@NumberOf textures}. For example, -@ID @Code "@Box paint { black } texture { brickwork } 50p @Font WARNING!" -produces -@FootNote { As explained in Section {@NumberOf textures}, if you can't -see any textures the problem is probably with your PostScript viewer. } -@ID @Box paint { black } texture { brickwork } 50p @Font WARNING! -If @Code paint is absent or @Code none then @Code texture will have no -effect. Since textures are naturally lighter than solid colour, you -will usually need darker paint when using textures than when not. -@PP -To set options on a texture within a @Code "texture" option, you can write -@ID @Code "texture { striped @Texture angle { 45d } scale { 2 } }" -mimicking the @Code "@Texture" symbol from Section {@NumberOf textures}, -but without any following object. However, it's clunky to have to type -both @Code texture and {@Code "@Texture"}, so by special arrangement you -can omit the @Code "@Texture" symbol within the @Code "texture" option: -@ID @Code "texture { striped angle { 45d } scale { 2 } }" -The value of the @Code "texture" option may also be an expert's texture -as required by {@Code "@SetTexture"}. Incidentally, there is no -significance in our laying out all the options along one line. As always -in Lout, the end of a line and a space mean the same. We've done it this -way because we think it's the clearest way to lay out the @Code texture option. -@PP -Let's just summarize the painting and texturing possibilities for boxes. -A box has three components: its outline, its background, and its content -(what appears inside). You can actually set the colour and texture of -all three components independently of each other, with a little trouble: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -black @Colour striped @Texture angle { 45d } -@Box - paint { lightgrey } - linewidth { 2p } - texture { striped angle { 90d } } -darkgrey @Colour striped @Texture scale { 2 } 50p @Font ABC -} -produces -@CD { -black @Colour striped @Texture angle { 45d } -@Box - paint { lightgrey } - linewidth { 2p } - texture { striped angle { 90d } } -darkgrey @Colour striped @Texture scale { 2 } 50p @Font ABC -} -The outline colour and texture are the colour and texture from outside -the box; the background colour and texture are determined by the -@Code paint and @Code texture options; and the colour and texture of -the contents are inherited from outside the box, but can be changed as -shown if desired. When two textures overstrike, the lower one shows -through the unpainted parts of the upper one. -@PP -There are @Code "@CurveBox" and @Code "@ShadowBox" symbols that -curvebox. @Index @Code "@CurveBox" -shadowbox. @Index @Code "@ShadowBox" -produce other kinds of boxes: -@CD @Tab - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @CurveBox { A curve box } } - B { @ShadowBox { A shadow box } } -} -These also have {@Code "margin"}, {@Code "linewidth"}, {@Code "paint"}, -and @Code "texture" options, and @Code "@ShadowBox" has a @Code "shadow" -option which determines the thickness of the shadow (its default value -is {@Code "0.2f"}). There is no option to change the colour of the -shadow, but it is quite easy to combine two boxes to get that effect: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -lightgrey @Colour @ShadowBox margin { 0c } black @Colour @Box -{ - A shadow box -} -} -produces -@CD lightgrey @Colour @ShadowBox margin { 0c } black @Colour @Box -{ - A shadow box -} -in which the shadow, and only the shadow, is coloured light grey. -@PP -Boxes are quite at home inside paragraphs, as @Box { a box }, -@CurveBox { a curve box }, and @ShadowBox { a shadow box } -show. Simply proceed as usual: -@ID @Code "... paragraphs, as @Box { a box }, @CurveBox { a curve box }, ..." -Boxes within paragraphs are never broken across two lines. -@PP -Two symbols make horizontal rules. @Code "@FullWidthRule" -fullwidthrule. @Index @Code "@FullWidthRule" -rules. @Index rules -makes a rule which occupies the full page (or column) width, -or (more precisely) as much horizontal space as it legally can: -@DP @FullWidthRule @DP -@Code "@FullWidthRule" produces an object in the usual way, so you -will need paragraph or display symbols to separate it from preceding -and following things. -@PP -A variant called @Code "@LocalWidthRule" is more timid about zooming -localwidthrule. @Index @Code "@LocalWidthRule" -across the whole page: -@ID @Code { -"@OddPageTop { { My lovely document @LP @LocalWidthRule } @Right @PageNum }" -} -will draw a rule under just the three words. Of course, underlining using -the @Code "@Underline" symbol might be a better way to do this. -@PP -These two rule symbols are handled behind the scenes like the outlines -of boxes. Both symbols have a @Code "linewidth" option which works -like the one for boxes described above. In particular, Lout leaves -zero space for the line, no matter how wide you make it. And to change -the colour or texture of a rule, it must be enclosed in @Code "@Colour" -and @Code "@Texture" symbols: -@ID @Code "chessboard @Texture scale { 2 } @FullWidthRule linewidth { 8p }" -produces -@DP -chessboard @Texture scale { 2 } @FullWidthRule linewidth { 8p } -@DP -Notice how we have made sure that the rule is wide enough to -accommodate two rows of the chessboard texture. The author's -printer places a thin row of solid colour along the top of -this pattern. Logically it should not be there; it can be got -rid of by reducing the line width: -@ID @Code "chessboard @Texture scale { 2 } @FullWidthRule linewidth { 7.5p }" -produces -@DP -chessboard @Texture scale { 2 } @FullWidthRule linewidth { 7.5p } -@DP -We can only guess that the problem might be roundoff error. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_clip b/doc/doc/user/bgr_clip deleted file mode 100644 index dc31f66..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_clip +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Clipping } - @Tag { clipping } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@HClip" symbol clips the following object horizontally to -the available width: -@ID @Code { -"@Box 1c @Wide @HClip WARNING!" -} -produces -@ID { -@Box 1c @Wide @HClip WARNING! -} -The following object may be arbitrary as usual; for example, it -could be an illustration included using @Code "@IncludeGraphic" -(Section {@NumberOf include}). -We have used the @Code "@Wide" symbol from Section {@NumberOf precise} -to make clear what the available width is in this small example (one -centimetre), but @Code "@HClip" will work in any context; for example, -you could use it to clip a table entry, or a display. -@PP -The @Code "@HClip" symbol has a @Code "shift" option which determines -which part of the clipped object is displayed. It may take on any -value between {@Code "0.0"}, meaning to display the leftmost part -(the default value), and {@Code "1.0"}, meaning to display the rightmost -part: -@ID @Code { -"@Box 1c @Wide @HClip shift { 1.0 } WARNING!" -} -produces -@ID { -@Box 1c @Wide @HClip shift { 1.0 } WARNING! -} -To display the central part, use shift value {@Code "0.5"}. Notice that -there is no unit of measurement attached to the value of {@Code "shift"}. -@PP -There is also a @Code "@VClip" symbol which works in exactly the same -way, only vertically. The two symbols combine together naturally: -@ID @Code { -"@Box 1c @Wide 0.2c @High @HClip @VClip WARNING!" -} -produces -@ID { -@Box 1c @Wide 0.2c @High @HClip @VClip WARNING! -} -The @Code "shift" options to determine which part of the two-dimensional -area is displayed, as usual. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_colo b/doc/doc/user/bgr_colo deleted file mode 100644 index 90d95fd..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_colo +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Colour } - @Tag { colour } -@Begin -@PP -Colour is obtained in much the same way that fonts and language changes -colour. @Index @Code "@Colour" -color. @Index @Code "@Color" -are, using the @Code "@Colour" (or equivalently {@Code "@Color"}) symbol: -@ID @Code "grey @Colour { Hello, world }" -produces -@ID grey @Colour { Hello, world } -The @Code "@Colour" symbol will accept any of the following colours: -@QD @HAdjust @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - hmargin { 0.2c } - @Fmta { @Col A @Colour @FilledBox ! @Col @Code A ! @Col ! - @Col B @Colour @FilledBox ! @Col @Code B ! @Col ! - @Col C @Colour @FilledBox ! @Col @Code C } - @Fmtb { @Col A @Colour @FilledBox ! @Col @Code A ! @Col ! - @Col B @Colour @FilledBox ! @Col @Code B ! @Col ! - @Col ! @Col } -{ -@Rowa A { darkred } B { red } C { lightred } -@Rowa A { darkgreen } B { green } C { lightgreen } -@Rowa A { darkblue } B { blue } C { lightblue } -@Rowa A { darkcyan } B { cyan } C { lightcyan } -@Rowa A { darkmagenta } B { magenta } C { lightmagenta } -@Rowa A { darkyellow } B { yellow } C { lightyellow } -@Rowa A { darkgrey } B { grey } C { lightgrey } -@Rowa A { darkgray } B { gray } C { lightgray } -@Rowb A { black } B { white } -} -Monochrome output devices will render them as shades of grey. Colouring -something @Code white makes it invisible (unless printed on a coloured -background), which is sometimes useful. See Appendix {@NumberOf morecolours} -to get many more colour names, using the @Code xrgb include file -and its @Code "@Xrgb" symbol. -@PP -In addition to the list of colours given above, there is a special -{@Code nochange} colour which produces whatever colour you already -happen to be using; you can also use an empty object to ask for this. And -you can get lots more colours by specifying them using numbers, like this: -@ID @Code "{ rgb 0.5 0.5 1.0 } @Colour { Hello, world }" -which means use red at intensity 0.5, green at intensity 0.5, and -blue at intensity 1.0, producing -@ID { rgb 0.5 0.5 1.0 } @Colour { Hello, world } -In the strange world of colour coordinates, in which 0 is dark and 1 is -light, this is a light blue. You can also use the CMYK system: -@ID @Code "{ cmyk 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 } @Colour { Hello, world }" -produces -@ID { cmyk 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 } @Colour { Hello, world } -Wherever in this document it says that that you can use any colour -from this section, it means any of the names above, or {@Code nochange}, -or an object beginning with @Code "rgb" or @Code "cmyk" as shown. -# @PP -# Whether the colours produced by @Code "@Colour" actually -# correspond with the names depends on the output device; the same -# nominal colour can look quite different on screen and on paper. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_incl b/doc/doc/user/bgr_incl deleted file mode 100644 index bc54f4c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_incl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Including an illustration } - @Tag { include } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@IncludeGraphic" symbol incorporates into a Lout document an -include.graphic @Index @Code "@IncludeGraphic" -include.illus @Index { including an illustration } -illustration (that is, an encapsulated PostScript or EPS file) -produced by other means. For the opposite process, using Lout to produce -an illustration for inclusion in some other document, see -Section {@NumberOf illustrations}. -@PP -For example, suppose the encapsulated PostScript file @Code "su_crest.eps" -contains the University of Sydney crest. Then -@ID @Code "@IncludeGraphic su_crest.eps" -produces -@ID @IncludeGraphic su_crest.eps -In general, the result produced by @Code "@IncludeGraphic" is an object -that may be scaled, clipped, rotated, made into a display or placed within -a paragraph, just like any other object. Accolades for this remarkable -flexibility should go to the PostScript page description language, -whose extraordinary power makes the provision of this feature in Lout -almost trivial. -@PP -The @Code "@IncludeGraphic" command understands that files ending -with any of the suffixes {@Code ".gz"}, {@Code "-gz"}, {@Code ".z"}, -{@Code "-z"}, {@Code "_z"}, and {@Code ".Z"} are compressed files, -and it will uncompress such files using the @Code "gunzip" command -before including them. The uncompressed version is stored in a file -called @Code "lout.eps" in the current directory, and removed after -being copied into the output file. -@PP -If you place an included illustration in a line of text, or anywhere -where you care about its alignment with things on each side, -it will be positioned with its centre at the same height as the -centre of the letter x. If this is not what you want, use the -@Code "@VShift" symbol from Section {@NumberOf precise}: -vshift. @Index @Code "@VShift" -@ID @Code "... +0.5f @VShift @IncludeGraphic ..." -prints the illustration half of the current font size higher on the -page than would otherwise have been the case, and -@ID @Code "... -0.5f @VShift @IncludeGraphic ..." -prints it half the current font size lower. -@PP -Sometimes you need to include the same EPS file many times, for -example once per page. If it is a large file it can make the -output file very large to include it over and over again. Lout -offers a solution to this problem, in the form of the -includegraphicrepeated. @Index @Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" -@Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" symbol. You place this at -the start of your document, like this for example: -@ID @Code { -"@Include { doc }" -"@IncludeGraphicRepeated { su_crest.eps }" -} -(note the braces around the following EPS file name). Adding -@Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" like this does not actually print the -graphic anywhere on any page; on the contrary, it is guaranteed to not -change the appearance of your document at all. What it does do -is give Lout a hint that the EPS file between the braces is likely -to be included many times over in this document. Lout then -handles this EPS file in a different way that involves copying it -into the PostScript output file just once, no matter how many -times it is included by subsequent @Code "@IncludeGraphic" symbols. -@PP -When your EPS file would otherwise be included many times over, using -@Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" definitely makes your PostScript -output file a lot shorter, and it usually makes it print faster as -well. On the other hand, {@Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated"} uses -Level 2 PostScript features which some older printers may not have, -and it consumes a lot of memory in the printer. If memory runs out -your job will not print properly, so use @Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" -with caution. -@FootNote { -A test file using @Code "@IncludeGraphicRepeated" generated by the author -is currently (Version 3.35) being displayed correctly in two PostScript -viewers and converted to PDF correctly by the Unix @Code ps2pdf command. -This PDF file prints without any problems on the author's printer, but -the original PostScript file does not. -} -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_mirr b/doc/doc/user/bgr_mirr deleted file mode 100644 index 6474ba6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_mirr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Mirror reflections } - @Tag { mirroring } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@HMirror" symbol produces a horizontal mirror reflection -reflect. @Index { Reflected objects } -mirror. @Index { Mirror images } -hmirror. @Index @Code "@HMirror" -of the following object: -@ID @Code { -"@HMirror AMBULANCE" -} -produces -@ID @HMirror AMBULANCE -The @Code "@VMirror" symbol produces a vertical mirror reflection -vmirror. @Index @Code "@VMirror" -of the following object: -@ID @Code { -"@VMirror 5c @Wide @Box {" -"@B { Pond life. } Pond life includes" -"frogs, tadpoles, newts, salamanders," -"eels, and mosquito larvae." -"}" -} -produces -@ID @VMirror 5c @Wide @Box { -@B { Pond life. } Pond life includes -frogs, tadpoles, newts, salamanders, -eels, and mosquito larvae. -} -As this example shows, the object to be mirror reflected may be -arbitrary. We have used a @Code "@Wide" symbol in this example -to restrict the width of the result to be five centimetres wide. -See the description of the @Code "@VShift" symbol in -Section {@NumberOf include} for what to do if your reflected -object is not aligned properly with adjacent objects. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_outl b/doc/doc/user/bgr_outl deleted file mode 100644 index 226683d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_outl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Outlined words } - @Tag { outline } -@Begin -@PP -The @@Outline symbol -outline.sym @Index { @@Outline symbol } -causes all the words in the following object (which may be -arbitrary as usual) to be printed in outline. For example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { @Outline @Box 24p @Font HELP } -produces -@ID @Outline @Box 18p @Font HELP -There is no way to control the thickness of the outline, and -@@Outline has no effect in PDF output. On the other hand, -it works with any font likely to be used in practice. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_prec b/doc/doc/user/bgr_prec deleted file mode 100644 index d4f70d1..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_prec +++ /dev/null @@ -1,216 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Precise object placement } - @Tag { precise } -@Begin -@PP -This section offers some tips on placing objects precisely where you want -them relative to each other. If your problem is to place objects precisely -at some unusual point on the page, you probably need a margin note or the -@Code "@Place" symbol, for which see Section {@NumberOf marginnotes}. -@PP -Precise object placement is not a subject with clear boundaries, so -this section is mainly a list of examples, covering the -@Code {"@OneCol"}, @Code {"@OneRow"}, @Code {"@Wide"}, @Code {"@High"}, -@Code {"@HExpand"}, @Code {"@VExpand"}, @Code {"@HShift"}, @Code {"@VShift"}, -@Code {"@VStrut"}, @Code {"@OverStrike"}, @Code {"@ZeroHeight"}, -and @Code {"@ZeroWidth"} symbols. -@PP -The @Code "@OneCol" symbol causes the following object to be kept -onecol. @Index @Code "@OneCol" -on one line. (The name stands for `one column', which is a bit -confusing unless you are an expert.) For example, you could use -it to prevent hyphenation in a particular word, or to keep someone's -name together on one line: -@ID @Code "@OneCol { Mr. Jones }" -although there is also the @Code "~" symbol for that. Similarly, -@Code "@OneRow" causes the following object to be kept in one -onerow. @Index @Code "@OneRow" -column. It is commonly used to keep displays and list items -together: -@ID @Code "@IndentedDisplay @OneRow ..." -and -@ID @Code "@ListItem @OneRow ..." -are the usual uses. -@PP -Loosely speaking, the @Code {"@Wide"} symbol causes the object following -wide. @Index @Code "@Wide" -it to have a particular width. It also has a @Code "@OneCol" effect. -Paragraphs within the object will be broken if necessary in order to -satisfy the width restriction. More precisely, the result of the -@Code {"@Wide"} symbol is an object with the given width, with the -following object fitting inside it, so having at most that width. Compare -@ID @Code "5c @Wide @Box { A box }" -which produces -@ID 5c @Wide @Box { A box } -with -@ID @Code "@Box 5c @Wide { A box }" -which produces -@ID @Box 5c @Wide { A box } -In the first example, the only obligation on the box is to be -at most five centimetres wide, so that it fits into the space -allowed it. In the second example, the box is drawn around -an object guaranteed to be exactly five centimetres wide. -The width of the box itself will be five centimetres plus twice the -box margin width. Any length (Section {@NumberOf objects}) is allowed, -and the object following @Code "@Wide" may be arbitrary as usual. -@PP -The @Code "@High" symbol is like @Code {"@Wide"}, only vertical. The two -high. @Index @Code "@High" -may be used together: -@ID @Code "@Box 5c @Wide 5c @High { A box }" -produces -@ID @Box 5c @Wide 5c @High { A box } -Be careful when using @Code "@High" to allow enough space for -whatever is inside. An error message will be printed if you -don't, and the @Code "@High" symbol will be ignored. -@PP -Instead of a particular width, it is quite common to want something -to be as wide as possible. For this there is the @Code "@HExpand" -hexpand. @Index @Code "@HExpand" -symbol: -@ID @Code "@IndentedDisplay @Box @HExpand { A box }" -produces -@IndentedDisplay @Box @HExpand { A box } -Notice how @Code "@HExpand" is placed after the @Code "@Box" symbol, -to ensure that the box is drawn around something as wide as possible, -analogously to the second @Code "@Wide" example above. Lout has -carefully worked out that `as wide as possible' means the column width -minus the indent width and box margins. -@PP -Here is an example of @Code "@Wide" and @Code "@HExpand" working -together: -@ID @Box margin { 0.3c } 8c @Wide { -Name: @Underline @HExpand -@LP -Address: @Underline @HExpand -} -The problem is to get the underlines to be as wide as possible. -The solution is -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@Box margin { 0.3c } 8c @Wide { -Name: @Underline @HExpand -@LP -Address: @Underline @HExpand -} -} -Each @Code "@HExpand" symbol produces for its result an object -which is as wide as possible, in this example containing nothing. -When that object is underlined, the underline is as wide as possible. -@PP -Although there is a corresponding @Code "@VExpand" symbol, it is not very -vexpand. @Index @Code "@VExpand" -useful alone because `as high as possible' does not mean `down to the foot -of the page' as you would expect. It is mainly useful within -{@Code "@High"}. -@PP -The @Code {"@HShift"} and @Code {"@VShift"} symbols control the alignment -hshift. @Index @Code "@HShift" -vshift. @Index @Code "@VShift" -of objects with neighbouring objects. There are not many places in document -formatting where alignment actually matters. Ordinary lines of text are -one of them: -@ID @Code "faults such as {-0.3f @VShift s}lipped letters" -produces -@ID { faults such as {-0.3f @VShift s}lipped letters } -with the object following @Code "@VShift" aligned with neighbouring -objects such that it appears 0.3 times the current font size lower -than it normally would. The object following @Code {"@VShift"} may -be arbitrary as usual. Examples requiring @Code "@HShift" are very -rare; one appears below. -@PP -The @Code "@VStrut" symbol is used to compensate for missing -vstrut. @Index @Code "@VStrut" -letter ascenders and descenders. For example, the three -boxes @Box { e }, @Box { f }, and @Box { g } look ragged -because their contents differ in their ascenders and descenders. -The solution is to insert a @I strut into each box: an invisible -object of zero width whose height is that of a letter with both -an ascender and a descender. This is done with the -@Code "@VStrut" symbol, which attaches such a strut to the -following object: -@ID @Code "@Box { @VStrut e }, @Box { @VStrut f }, and @Box { @VStrut g }" -produces -@ID { @Box { @VStrut e }, @Box { @VStrut f }, and @Box { @VStrut g } } -The @Code "@VStrut" symbol has @Code "above" and @Code "below" options -which determine how high and low (relative to the middle of the letter -`x') the strut is to go. Their default values are both @Code { "0.5f" }. -@PP -Missing descenders can cause list items to appear unequally spaced, -because the space between list items is ordinarily measured from -the bottom edge of the higher list item to the top edge of the lower -one, rather than from baseline to baseline. Enclosing the last word -of the troublesome items in @Code "@VStrut" will fix this problem. -@PP -Alternatively, and possibly more conveniently, Version 3.33 of Lout -has added a @Code "strut" option to the @Code "@Font" symbol, used -alone like this: -@ID @Code "strut @Font ..." -or in combination with other values suited to go to the left of -{@Code "@Font"}, like this: -@ID @Code "{ strut +2p } @Font ..." -This causes a vertical strut to be added to every word under the -influence of the {@Code "@Font"} symbol. The height of this -kind of strut is fixed at the height of the highest character in -the font, and its depth at the depth of the deepest character, -as recorded by the `font bounding box' stored with the description -of the font. For example, -@ID @Code "strut @Font { @Box { e }, @Box { @f }, and @Box { g } }" -produces -@ID strut @Font { @Box { e }, @Box { f }, and @Box { g } } -If you need many struts, it might pay to include @Code "strut" -in the @Code "@InitialFont" option of your document, so that it -applies everywhere. -@PP -The @Code "@OverStrike" symbol causes the objects on -overstrike. @Index @Code "@OverStrike" -each side of it to be overstruck: -@ID @Code "= @OverStrike \"/\"" -produces -@ID { = @OverStrike "/" } -The objects to be overstruck may be arbitrary as usual. For example, -Section {@NumberOf overall} recommends this symbol for overstriking -two graphs, to get what appears to be one graph with two coordinate -systems superimposed. The second object is printed after the first -and will paint over it. -@PP -Sometimes the best way to get Lout to do what you want is to make it -pretend that some object has zero width or height, using the -zerowidth. @Index @Code "@ZeroWidth" -zeroheight. @Index @Code "@ZeroHeight" -@Code "@ZeroWidth" and @Code "@ZeroHeight" symbols. Lout will -format the overall document as though the object in question had -zero width or height, but it will still print the entire object. -@PP -For example, you might have an inline equation that causes the -line spacing to increase to accommodate it -- @M { 2 sup 2 sup N } say -- -but you would rather it didn't. Writing -@ID @Code "@ZeroHeight @M { 2 sup 2 sup N }" -causes Lout to pretend that the object has zero height, and so -it will not increase the line spacing around this version of -{@ZeroHeight @M { 2 sup 2 sup N }}, as you can see. -@PP -The @Code "@HShift" and @Code "@VShift" symbols provide a way to move -the printed object with respect to the zero-width one: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -{@ZeroWidth 1w @HShift ``}My dear Sir Thomas!'' cried -Mrs. Norris, red with anger, ``Fanny can walk.'' -} -This example produces `hanging punctuation': -@ID 5c @Wide ragged @Break { -{@ZeroWidth 1w @HShift ``}My dear Sir Thomas!'' cried -Mrs. Norris, red with anger, ``Fanny can walk.'' -} -The double quotes are printed at zero width, and @Code "1w @HShift" -ensures that they appear just to the left of the empty object that -Lout thinks it is placing, so that they protrude into the margin -rather than overstriking the next word (the Expert's Guide -@Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert } explains the @Code "w" unit of -measurement). -@PP -Some of the symbols described in this section are Lout primitives, described -in full detail in the Expert's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }; -and that is also the place to look for more information about precise -object placement. In particular, the Lout primitives described there -for horizontal and vertical concatenation, @Code "/" and {@Code "|"}, -offer possibilities beyond what has been described here. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_rota b/doc/doc/user/bgr_rota deleted file mode 100644 index 002af2d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_rota +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Rotation } - @Tag { rotation } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Rotate" symbol rotates the following object by any positive -rotate. @Index @Code "@Rotate" -or negative angle: -@ID @Code "45d @Rotate @Box WARNING!" -The angle is measured in degrees. The result here is -@ID { 45d @Rotate @Box WARNING! } -As usual, the object to be rotated may be arbitrary. However, it is -difficult for Lout to choose appropriate column widths for paragraphs -inside rotated objects, so if a rotated object contains paragraphs that -should be broken it is best to define the object's width explicitly, -using the @Code "@Wide" symbol from Section {@NumberOf precise}: -wide. @RawIndex { @Code "@Wide" } -wide.rotate @SubIndex { with @Code "@Rotate" } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { --90d @Rotate 4c @Wide { -Papal initiatives and influence from the crowning of -Charlemagne to the First Crusade -} -} -The result here is -@ID { --90d @Rotate 4c @Wide { -Papal initiatives and influence from the crowning of -Charlemagne to the First Crusade -} -} -The @Code "@Wide" symbol fixes the width of the following object, in -this example to the length 4.5 centimetres, which is all Lout needs to -decide the column widths of any paragraphs within it. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_scal b/doc/doc/user/bgr_scal deleted file mode 100644 index 05f1074..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_scal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Scaling } - @Tag { scaling } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Scale" symbol performs a geometrical scaling of the -scale. @Index @Code "@Scale" -following object: -@ID @Code { -"0.5 @Scale @Box WARNING!" -} -produces -@ID { -0.5 @Scale @Box WARNING! -} -A scale factor of 0.5 means half the original size, 2.0 means double size, -and so on. No unit of measurement appears in the scale factor, because -it makes no sense to have one. As usual, the object to be scaled may be -arbitrary. -@PP -It is also possible to supply two scale factors, in which case the -first is applied horizontally and the second vertically: -@ID @Code "{0.5 2.0} @Scale @Box WARNING!" -has result -@ID {0.5 2.0} @Scale @Box WARNING! -Practical uses for this kind of scaling are rare. -@PP -If an empty object is given instead of a scale factor, like this: -@ID @Code "{} @Scale @Box WARNING!" -the @Code "@Scale" symbol will choose the largest scale factor that -does not overrun the available horizontal space. It is often possible -to omit the {@Code "{}"}, since Lout inserts an empty object -automatically whenever an object is clearly missing (see Section -{@NumberOf objects}). For example, -@ID @Code "@QuotedDisplay @Scale @Box WARNING!" -produces -@QuotedDisplay @Scale @Box WARNING! -@Code "@QuotedDisplay" and @Code "@LeftDisplay" go well with this form -of {@Code "@Scale"}. However, some care is needed because Lout foolishly -takes no account of the available @I vertical space when choosing the -scale factor. The chosen scale factor could enlarge the vertical size so -much that the object no longer fits on the page, with disastrous results. -@PP -By using the @Code "@Wide" symbol from Section {@NumberOf precise} to -restrict the available horizontal space, this form of scaling can also -be used to scale to a nominated width. For example, -wide. @RawIndex { @Code "@Wide" } -wide.scale @SubIndex { with @Code "@Scale" } -@ID @Code "5c @Wide @Scale @Box WARNING!" -produces -@ID { 5c @Wide @Scale @Box WARNING! } -which is 5 centimetres wide. -@PP -The @Code "@Scale" symbol will scale either up or down, whichever -is required to fit the available space. There is also a way to make -it scale down if necessary but never scale up, by giving the -@Code "downifneeded" keyword instead of an empty object: -@ID @Code "5c @Wide downifneeded @Scale @Box WARNING!" -produces no scaling: -@ID 5c @Wide downifneeded @Scale @Box WARNING! -but -@ID @Code "1c @Wide downifneeded @Scale @Box WARNING!" -does produce scaling: -@ID 1c @Wide downifneeded @Scale @Box WARNING! -This is a good option if scaling is being used when a display is -around the same width as the page; it scales only if this is -needed to fit the display into the column, not otherwise. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/bgr_text b/doc/doc/user/bgr_text deleted file mode 100644 index 5f76227..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/bgr_text +++ /dev/null @@ -1,261 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Textures } - @Tag { textures } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Texture" symbol works in the same kind of way as @Code "@Font" -texture.sym @Index { @Code "@Texture" symbol } -and @Code "@Colour" do. It causes the object to its right to be printed -in a texture specified by the object to its -left: -@ID @Code "striped @Texture 40p @Font ABC" -produces -@FootNote { -If you can't see the result here, or if you can see it but without -texture, then the fault is probably in your PostScript viewer. -The PostScript viewer used by the author (a 1997 version of @I { gv }) -shows a blank space here and throughout this section wherever a -texture is supposed to appear, but when printed on his printer -the textures appear correctly. Some viewers may fail altogether when -given a PostScript file with textures. In that case, run your document -again using @OneCol @I { lout -t } instead of @I { lout }. This will -cause Lout to ignore all textures and print everything in solid colour. -} -@CD striped @Texture 40p @Font ABC -The object to the right of @Code "@Texture" may be arbitrary as usual. -@PP -# Textures are harder to specify than colours, and only a few -# texture names are widely used. -Only a handful of textures -are offered by the @Code "@Texture" symbol; but, as some -compensation, there are options which allow any texture to -be scaled, printed at any angle, -texture.sym @RawIndex { @Code "@Texture" symbol } -texture.sym.scale @SubIndex { @Code "scale" option } -texture.sym.angle @SubIndex { @Code "angle" option } -texture.sym.hshift @SubIndex { @Code "hshift" option } -texture.sym.vshift @SubIndex { @Code "vshift" option } -and shifted: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -striped @Texture - scale { 2 } - angle { 45d } - hshift { 1p } - vshift { 3p } -40p @Font ABC -} -produces -@CD striped @Texture - scale { 2 } - angle { 45d } - hshift { 1p } - vshift { 3p } -40p @Font ABC -with the texture scaled by a factor of 2, printed at an angle of 45 -degrees, and shifted one point horizontally and three points -vertically. The @Code scale option causes equal scaling in the -horizontal and vertical directions; there is also {@Code hscale} -which scales horizontally only, and @Code vscale which scales -vertically only. As you would expect, the default values of these -options are @Code 1 for the scaling options, {@Code 0d} for {@Code angle}, -and {@Code 0p} for {@Code hshift} and {@Code vshift}. -# @PP -# Stripes would rarely need to be shifted in practice, but some of the other -# textures described below can benefit from shifting. -@PP -Here is the list of all textures offered by the @Code "@Texture" -symbol, with the options specific to each kind of texture, their -default values, and sample default output. Remember, all textures -take the {@Code angle}, {@Code scale}, {@Code hscale}, {@Code vscale}, -{@Code hshift}, and {@Code vshift} options as well. -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.5v } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell @Code B | @Cell mr { 0i } @I lines @Break C } -{ - -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { @TextureSample solid } - B { -"solid @Texture" -solid."texture" @Index { @Code "solid" "texture" } -} - -@Rowa - A { @TextureSample striped } - B { -"striped @Texture" -" width { 1p }" -" gap { 1p }" -} - C { "" -The width of each stripe -The width of each gap between stripes -striped."texture" @Index { @Code "striped" "texture" } -} - -@Rowa - A { @TextureSample grid } - B { -"grid @Texture" -" width { 1p }" -" gap { 1p }" -} - C { "" -The width of each stripe -grid."texture" @Index { @Code "grid" "texture" } -The width of each gap between stripes -} - -@Rowa - A { @TextureSample dotted } - B { -"dotted @Texture" -" radius { 0.5p }" -" gap { 2p }" -} - C { "" -The radius of each dot (filled circle) -dotted."texture" @Index { @Code "dotted" "texture" } -The gap between the centres of adjacent dots -} - -@Rowa - A { @TextureSample chessboard } - B { -"chessboard @Texture" -" width { 2p }" -} - C { "" -The width of each square -chessboard."texture" @Index { @Code "chessboard" "texture" } -} - -@Rowa - A { @TextureSample brickwork } - B { -"brickwork @Texture" -" width { 6p }" -" height { 2p }" -" linewidth { 0.5p }" -} - C { "" -The width of each brick -The height of each brick -brickwork."texture" @Index { @Code "brickwork" "texture" } -The width of the brickwork lines -} - -@Rowa - A { @TextureSample honeycomb } - B { -"honeycomb @Texture" -" radius { 2p }" -" linewidth { 0.5p }" -} - C { "" -The radius of each hexagon -honeycomb."texture" @Index { @Code "honeycomb" "texture" } -The width of the lines -} - -@Rowa - A { @TextureSample triangular } - B { -"triangular @Texture" -" radius { 4p }" -" linewidth { 0.5p }" -} - C { "" -The side length of each triangle -triangular."texture" @Index { @Code "triangular" "texture" } -The width of the lines -} - -@Rowa - mb { 0i } - A { @TextureSample string } - B { -"string @Texture" -" width { 12p }" -" height { 12p }" -" font { Times-Roman }" -" size { 10p }" -" value { \"*\" }" -} - C { "" -The width at which the string repeats -The height at which the string repeats -The font used to display the string (see below) -The font size used to display the string -string."texture" @Index { @Code "string" "texture" } -The characters to be displayed -} - -} -This last example seems like a good one for experimenting with -the {@Code hshift} and {@Code vshift} options: -texture.sym.hshift @SubIndex { @Code "hshift" option } -texture.sym.vshift @SubIndex { @Code "vshift" option } -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.5v } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell @Code B | @Cell mr { 0i } @I lines @Break C } -{ -@Rowa - mb { 0i } - A { -@Box margin { 0i } -string @Texture hshift { 4p } vshift { 4p } -@Box margin { 2.0f } paint { black } {} -} - B { -"string @Texture" -" hshift { 4p }" -" vshift { 4p }" -} -} -You have to find the right amount of shift by experiment, especially -when combined with rotation and scaling. We recommend sticking to the -{@Code p} (points), {@Code m} (ems), {@Code c} (centimetres), and -{@Code i} (inches) units of measurement when giving length options -to {@Code "@Texture"} symbols. -@PP -Care is needed when using the @Code font and @Code value options -of {@Code "string @Texture"}, since these options are passed straight -through to the PostScript output without checking. The @Code "font" -option takes a PostScript name for a font, not a Lout name. Typical -PostScript font names, virtually certain to work, are {@Code Times-Roman} -and {@Code Helvetica}. Since Lout takes no special steps to make sure -that the font you ask for is available, you should restrict your font -choices to fonts known to be in use elsewhere on the same page, or -known to be always loaded in your viewing device. The @Code "value" -option must be a sequence of characters from the nominated font. -Although the value does not have to be quoted as shown, we recommend -it as a reminder of how limited the choices are here. Also, spaces in -your value will work better between quotes, and to make parentheses -- -@Code "(" and @Code ")" -- come out correctly they must be enclosed in -quotes and preceded by a backslash character, which you get as usual by -writing @I two backslash characters. For example, {@Code "\"\\\\(\""} -will produce one left parenthesis. -@PP -Notice that {@Code "solid @Texture"} produces solid colour, -or in other words no texture: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -striped @Texture angle { 45d } -@Box linewidth { 2p } solid @Texture 50p @Font WARNING! -} -produces -@CD { -striped @Texture angle { 45d } -@Box linewidth { 2p } solid @Texture 50p @Font WARNING! -} -As shown, {@Code "solid @Texture"} is useful for switching back to -normal printing within a textured region. In this example, without -it the letters would have been striped as well. -@PP -Expert users can also make the object to the left of @Code "@Texture" -be anything that is acceptable to the left of the expert's symbol -{@Code "@SetTexture"}, allowing people who want to do some serious -work in PostScript to get arbitrary textures. Consult the Expert's -Guide for more about this. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia b/doc/doc/user/dia deleted file mode 100644 index e23d5a8..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia +++ /dev/null @@ -1,56 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Diagrams } - @Tag { diagrams } -@Begin -@LP -This chapter describes how to use the @@Diag symbol -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diag.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Diag" (diagrams) } -# @FootNote { -# Starting with Version 3.18 of Lout, the @@Diag symbol was enhanced with -# the {@Code "@ANode"}, {@Code "@BNode"}, and {@Code "@CNode"} symbols -# described in Section {@NumberOf dia_node}, and with the symbols for -# syntax diagrams described in Section {@NumberOf dia_synt}. -#These -#enhancements are upwardly compatible, unless the user has defined -#symbols with these same names and used them within diagrams. -# @LP -# Prior to Version 3.09 of Lout, this chapter described a symbol called -# fig. @Index @Code "@Fig" -# {@Code "@Fig"} which was similar to but more primitive than -# {@Code "@Diag"}. For backward compatibility the @Code "@Fig" symbol -# is still available and still works exactly as described in the old -# documentation, but there is no reason to use it in new documents. -# } -to make diagrams like this one: -diag. @Index @Code "@Diag" -@CD @Diag - margin { 0.2c } -{ --2p @Font -{ A:: @Ellipse { 25, 39 } -/0.3c |0.2c B:: @Ellipse { 43 } |0.1c |0.8c E:: @Box outlinestyle {noline} {Problem node} -/0.3c C:: @Ellipse { 40, 41 } | | D:: @Ellipse paint { lightgrey } {44, 45, 46} -} -// @Link from { A } to { B } -// @Link from { B } to { C } -// @Link from { B } to { D } -// @Arrow from { E } to { D } -} -@@Diag offers nodes and links, arrows, labels, coordinates, -tree diagrams, and syntax diagrams. -@BeginSections -@Include { dia_intr } -@Include { dia_node } -@Include { dia_link } -@Include { dia_tags } -@Include { dia_labe } -@Include { dia_posi } -@Include { dia_tree } -@Include { dia_synt } -@Include { dia_erro } -@Include { dia_defi } -@Include { dia_geom } -@Include { dia_summ } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_cons b/doc/doc/user/dia_cons deleted file mode 100644 index 569b756..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_cons +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_cons } - @Title { Consistency within and between diagrams } -@Begin -@PP -@I { still to do } -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_defi b/doc/doc/user/dia_defi deleted file mode 100644 index 63c1a96..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_defi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,366 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_defi } - @Title { Expert usage: defining new shapes } -@Begin -@PP -@@Diag permits you to create your own node outlines and link paths, by -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.definitions @SubIndex { definitions } -definitions. @RawIndex { definitions } -definitions.use.with.diagrams @SubIndex { use with diagrams } -giving non-standard values to the @Code outline and @Code path -options. This section shows how to do this for very simple shapes -only; the following section introduces the large repertoire of geometrical -symbols that @@Diag offers for helping you create complex shapes. -@PP -As explained earlier, a node outline is drawn over its {@I base}, which -is a rectangle containing the following object plus margins. The base -defines a coordinate system with the point (0, 0) at the bottom left -corner, and @M { (xsize, ysize) } at the top right: -@CD @OneRow @Diag { -@Box - nodelabelmargin { 0.3f } - blabel { @M { ysize } } - blabelprox { E } - clabel { @M { 0 } } - clabelprox { E } - dlabel { @M { xsize } } - dlabelprox { N } - alabel { @M { 0 } } - alabelpos { SW } - alabelprox { N } - paint { lightgrey } - outlinestyle { noline } - margin { 0c } -{ 3c @Wide 2c @High } -//0.5c -} -The value of the @Code outline option is a sequence of points defined in -this coordinate system: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { - 0 0 - xsize 0 - 0 ysize - 0 0 - } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box - margin { 0c } - outlinestyle { noline } - paint { lightgrey } -@Node - outline { - 0 0 - xsize 0 - 0 ysize - 0 0 - } - margin { 0c } -{ 3c @Wide 2c @High } -} -} -As shown, the resulting outline is created by joining each point to the -next with a straight line. It is conventional to proceed anticlockwise -around the outline, but you may start anywhere. -@PP -The {@Code paint}, {@Code texture}, {@Code outlinestyle}, -{@Code outlinedashlength}, and {@Code outlinewidth} options of -@Code "@Node" work for user-defined outlines exactly as they do -for the standard ones: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { - 0 0 - xsize 0 - 0 ysize - 0 0 - } - paint { lightgrey } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Node - outline { - 0 0 - xsize 0 - 0 ysize - 0 0 - } - paint { lightgrey } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - margin { 0c } -{ 3c @Wide 2c @High } -} -} -Each line in the outline is one segment for {@Code outlinestyle}. -@PP -If two points in an outline are separated by {@Code "[]"}, no line is -drawn between them, and the outline is treated as two separate, -disconnected regions when painting. -@PP -Two points may also be separated by {@Code "["}{@I point}{@Code "]"}, -where @I point stands for any point. This causes the two points to be -joined by an arc whose centre is at the given point: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { - 0 0 - ysize 0 - [ 0 0 ] - 0 ysize - 0 0 - } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box - margin { 0c } - outlinestyle { noline } - paint { lightgrey } -@Node - outline { - 0 0 - ysize 0 - [ 0 0 ] - 0 ysize - 0 0 - } - margin { 0c } -{ 3c @Wide 2c @High } -} -} -The arc will be circular if possible, otherwise it will be part of -elliptical. @Index { elliptical arcs } -an ellipse whose axes are oriented horizontally and vertically. The -arc goes anticlockwise; to get a clockwise arc, use -{@Code "["}{@I point}{@Code " clockwise]"}. -@PP -Two points may be separated by -@M { [x sub 1 ``` y sub 1 ``` x sub 2 ``` y sub 2 ] }, which requests -that a Bezier curve be drawn between them with control points -bezier.curve @Index { Bezier curve } -@M { (x sub 1 , y sub 1 ) } and -@M { (x sub 2 , y sub 2 ) }: -@CD @Diag { -@Node - outline { - A:: { xsize*0.2 ysize*0.5 } - B:: { xsize*0.4 ysize*0.9 } - C:: { xsize*0.9 ysize*0.4 } - D:: { xsize*0.3 ysize*0.1 } - A B C D A - } - alabelpos { A } - blabelpos { B } - clabelpos { C } - dlabelpos { D } - alabelprox { SE } - blabelprox { SW } - clabelprox { SW } - dlabelprox { NW } - outlinestyle { cdashed cdashed cdashed noline } - alabel { @M { ( x sub 0 , y sub 0 ) } } - blabel { @M { ( x sub 1 , y sub 1 ) } } - clabel { @M { ( x sub 2 , y sub 2 ) } } - dlabel { @M { ( x sub 3 , y sub 3 ) } } -{ 6c @Wide 2c @High } -// -@Link - path { A [B C] D } -} -The curve is attracted toward the control points, without reaching -them; it is tangent to the straight line from the start point to the -first control point, and from the second control point to the finishing -point, and it lies wholly inside the quadrilateral formed by the four -points. Owing to the author's laziness, dashes and dots do not fit as -neatly onto Bezier curves as they do onto lines and arcs. -@PP -Tags (Section {@NumberOf dia_tags}) may be assigned to points within -the outline option, like this: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { - LR:: { xsize 0 } - UL:: { 0 ysize } - 0 0 LR UL 0 0 - } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -@ShowTags @Node - outline { - LR:: { xsize 0 } - UL:: { 0 ysize } - 0 0 LR UL 0 0 - } - { 2c @High 3c @Wide } -} -} -The tagged point does not have to lie on the outline, and it -is not automatically added to the outline. Once defined, a -tag stands for a point in the usual way; it may be used later in the -outline, as was done above, relabelled, and so on, exactly like the tags -of the standard nodes. -@PP -Once a point has been tagged, a @I direction may be associated -with it, to inform @@Diag which way the outline or -link path is going at that point. The standard outlines have directions: -@ID { -@Code { -"@Ellipse { 3c @Wide 1c @High }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Ellipse { 3c @Wide 1c @High } -} -} -@Code CTR has no direction. If available, direction information -is used when placing labels, in the proximity step (by {@Code above}, for -example) and in the angle step if the label is aligned, perpendicular, -parallel, or antiparallel. A direction is given using the -@Code ":<" symbol within an outline: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { - LR:: { xsize 0 } - LR:< 0d - UL:: { 0 ysize } - UL:< 270d - 0 0 LR UL 0 0 - } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { - LR:: { xsize 0 } - LR:< 0d - UL:: { 0 ysize } - UL:< 270d - 0 0 LR UL 0 0 - } - { 2c @High 3c @Wide } -} -} -It is often helpful when creating outlines to check where the tagged -points and directions really are, by printing them out as is done -above. For this there is a @Code "@ShowTags" symbol whose result is -the following (arbitrary) object with its tagged points visible, and -a @Code "@ShowDirections" symbol which works similarly and shows the -directions. The diagram above was printed using -{@Code "@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node ..."}. There is also a -@Code "@ShowPoints" symbol which is like @Code "@ShowTags" except -that it omits the tags, just placing circles on the points. -@PP -Link paths are similar to node outlines, created -using the @Code path option of @Code "@Link" instead of the -@Code outline option of {@Code "@Node"}. The major difference is that -links have no base, so @Code xsize and @Code ysize cannot be -used. Indeed, even @Code "0 0" does not have any useful -meaning inside a link path. -@PP -Within a link path, the symbols @Code from and @Code to denote the -values of the link's @Code from and @Code to options, and these -form the basis of constructing the link path: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - path { - FROM:: from - TO:: to - FROM TO - } -} -||7ct -{ -//1.0c -@VContract @Diag { -3c @Wide 1c @High -// -@ShowTags @Link - path { - FROM:: from - TO:: to - FROM TO - } - from { 0,1 } - to { 1,0 } -} -} -} -This simple example creates two tagged points and joins them with -a straight line. If you want a link that can carry arrowheads, it is -best to ensure that it creates @Code FROM and @Code TO tags, with -directions pointing along the link from @Code FROM to @Code TO at -both points, since then the default values of the various arrow -options will do the rest. Similarly, if you want labels you need to -define {@Code LFROM}, {@Code LMID}, and {@Code LTO} labels, ideally -also with directions. -@PP -Once the outline or path is complete, unless it is really a one-off -production the best thing to do with it is to add it to your -extend. @Index { @Code extend keyword } -@Code "mydefs" file in the following form: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -extend @DiagSetup @Diag -macro @MyNode { - @Node - outline { - LR:: { xsize 0 } - LR:< 0d - UL:: { 0 ysize } - UL:< 270d - 0 0 LR UL 0 0 - } -} -} -This says that we are `extending' the @@Diag symbol by adding a new -symbol, {@Code "@MyNode"}, which stands for what follows it between -braces. @Code "@MyNode" will then behave exactly like @Code "@Circle" -and the other standard node symbols. The same pattern works for links: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -extend @DiagSetup @Diag -macro @MyLink { - @Link - path { - FROM:: from - TO:: to - FROM TO - } -} -} -If it is worth the effort to construct a new outline or link path, it -is worth packaging it like this and thinking up a good name for it, -for then it will be available, easily, forever. -@PP -This same approach is also useful to define common combinations of -options, even when there is no new outline or path: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -extend @DiagSetup @Diag -macro @BigOctagon { - @Polygon - sides { 8 } - hsize { 5c } - vsize { 5c } - font { Bold } -} -} -Such definitions are very useful if the combinations occur -frequently. Any options not mentioned have their usual default values, -and may be set in the usual way: -@ID @Code "@BigOctagon outlinestyle { dashed } ..." -Attempts to reset an already set option will elicit a warning message. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_erro b/doc/doc/user/dia_erro deleted file mode 100644 index 95b1d4d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_erro +++ /dev/null @@ -1,87 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_erro } - @Title { Errors } -@Begin -@PP -Lout normally produces an output file that will print without mishap on -any PostScript device. However, some of the options of {@Code "@Diag"}'s -symbols are passed through Lout to the output file without checking, -including anything containing @Code "@Diag" lengths, angles, points, and -tags. Any errors in these options will not be detected until the file -errors. @RawIndex { errors } -errors.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -is printed. -@PP -The most likely errors are {@I syntax @I errors}, as in -@Code "outline { 0 0 [ 0 xsize }" for example, in which a @Code "]" is -missing; @I { type errors }, as in @Code "SE:: 45d" where the -following object should have been a point; and @I { undefined errors }, -arising from labels misspelt or used before being defined. Less commonly, -the options may all be correct but the figure is too large in some way: too -many labels, too deeply nested, and so on. -@PP -When an error is detected, @@Diag arranges for the offending page to -be printed up to the point where the error occurred, with a message nearby -describing the error. Printing of the document is then aborted. It is -often quite easy to find the problem, because it lies in whatever should -have been printed next. -@PP -If you see {@Code VMerror} in an error message, it means that the printer -vmerror. @Index { @Code VMerror PostScript error } -is running out of memory. In that case, one thing you can try is -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.save @SubIndex { @Code "save" option } -save. @RawIndex { @Code "save" option } -save.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -@ID @Code { -"@Diag" -" save { yes }" -"..." -} -This causes the memory used by @@Diag to be reclaimed as soon -as the diagram is printed, rather than at the end of the current page -as is usual. However, if the diagram is nested inside some other -major Lout package, such as {@Code "@Graph"}, use of this option may -cause other PostScript errors. -@PP -If you see @Code "dictfull" in an error message, it means that you are -dictfull. @Index { @Code dictfull PostScript error } -using an old version of PostScript. Increasing the @Code "maxlabels" -option of @@Diag (Section {@NumberOf dia_summ}) might fix the problem. -@PP -On other occasions your document might print without problems but you -see things that should not be there. Here is a typical example, -reported by a user: -@CD @Diag - margin { 0.3f } - outline { shadowbox } - shadow { 0.2f } - paint { lightyellow } - zindent { 0.4f } -{ - @Tbl - marginhorizontal { 0.55f } - aformat { @Cell A } - { - @Rowa - A { QEVENT:: @Node paint { lightblue } { QEvent } } - @Rowa - A { QIMEVENT:: @Node paint { lightblue } halign { right } { QIMEvent } } - @Rowa - A { QKEYEVENT:: @Node paint { lightblue } { QKeyEvent } } - } - // - @RVLCurveArrow from { QEVENT } to { QIMEVENT } bias { 1.5f } - @RVLCurveArrow from { QEVENT } to { QKEYEVENT } bias { 1.5f } -} -The problem here is the two short lengths of straight line protruding -backwards beyond the point where the arrow starts to curve. This has -occurred because the @Code TO labels are to the right of the point -where the curving begins; it can be corrected either by reducing the -@Code radius option, or else by decreasing @Code { zindent }. Ideally -@Code "@Diag" would adjust options for you so as to ensure that the -diagram always look good; but this is quite difficult to do, especially -when space to turn in is tight or there is a choice of which option to -adjust, as in the example above. So @Code "@Diag" just does a few -basic things and leaves the rest to you. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_geom b/doc/doc/user/dia_geom deleted file mode 100644 index a3c4e86..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_geom +++ /dev/null @@ -1,206 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_geom } - @Title { Expert usage: numbers, lengths, angles, and points } -@Begin -@PP -@@Diag has many options whose values contain lengths, angles, and -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.geometry @SubIndex { geometry } -geometry.diagrams @Index { geometry in diagrams } -points. Options such as @Code margin and {@Code vsize}, which affect the -size or appearance of the base of a node, may contain only the kinds of -lengths described in Section {@NumberOf objects}; but in all other cases -arbitrarily complex algebraic expressions may be used to specify the -values. -@PP -The usual mathematical operations may be applied to numbers, angles, and -lengths: -@ID @Code "2.0f + 3.0f * sin { 30d }" -is a valid length. Since this is just ordinary algebra on real numbers, -the unsurprising details are deferred to the summary -(Section {@NumberOf dia_summ}). Grouping is always done with braces, -never parentheses. -@PP -More interesting are the geometrical symbols that @@Diag provides. The -most fundamental is not a symbol at all: two lengths side by side define -a point. For example, -@ID @Code "xsize ysize * 0.5" -within an outline is the point at the far right of the base, halfway -up. -@PP -There are @Code "++" and @Code "--" symbols for vector addition and -subtraction of two points, and @Code "**" for multiplication by a -scalar. For example, -@ID @Code "A@CTR ++ { 1.0f 0 }" -is the point @Code 1f to the right of {@Code "A@CTR"}. It is a good idea -to distinguish between @I { absolute points }, like {@Code "A@CTR"} -and @Code "0.5,1", which denote fixed positions on the page, and -@I { relative points }, like {@Code "1.0f 0"}, which serve as offsets -from absolute points. The difference of two absolute points is a relative -point; adding two absolute points gives an unpredictable result because -it depends on the origin of the coordinate system. However, the expression -@ID @Code "P1 ** x ++ P2 ** {1 - x}" -is safe for any two absolute points {@Code P1} and {@Code P2} and any -number {@Code x}; it produces a point on the line through the two -points. -@PP -These remarks on safety do not apply within the @Code outline option of -{@Code "@Node"}, because there the coordinate system is clearly -specified. Vector operations, with the aid of a few well-chosen tags, -can greatly simplify the production of outlines: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { - SB:: {0 ysize} ** 0.4 - ST:: {0 ysize} ** 0.6 - HB:: {xsize 0} ** 0.7 - SB - SB ++ HB - HB - xsize ysize * 0.5 - HB ++ {0 ysize} - HB ++ ST - ST - SB - } - paint { grey } -{ 6c @Wide 2c @High } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@ShowTags @Node - outline { - SB:: {0 ysize} ** 0.4 - ST:: {0 ysize} ** 0.6 - HB:: {xsize 0} ** 0.7 - SB - SB ++ HB - HB - xsize ysize * 0.5 - HB ++ {0 ysize} - HB ++ ST - ST - SB - } - paint { grey } -{ 6c @Wide 2c @High } -} -} -But absolute sums like @Code "SB ++ HB" are not safe -in link paths and stray options like {@Code "alabelpos"}. -@PP -Sometimes it is useful to define tags -which are not wanted afterwards and are better forgotten. For -this there is the @Code ":=" symbol, which works in much the same -way as @Code "::" except that the tag is forgotten after the outline -or path option ends. The value assigned does not have to be a point, it -can be a length or angle, or even a sequence of values. It is -permissible to change the value assigned to a tag by reassigning. -@PP -Two very useful symbols, {@Code angleto} and {@Code atangle}, bring -angles into the algebra. The {@Code angleto} symbol finds the angle -from one point to another. For example, -@ID @Code "SB angleto ST" -in the outline above would produce {@Code 90d}. The @Code atangle symbol -finds the point at a given length and angle from the origin. For example, -@ID @Code "1.4142f atangle 45d" -is the point {@Code "1f 1f"}, and -@ID @Code "B@NE ++ 2f atangle 115d" -is the point @Code 2f from {@Code "B@NE"} to its northwest. -@PP -There is a @Code prev symbol, used only within {@Code outline} and -{@Code path}, which returns the previous point on the outline or -path, ignoring points within {@Code "[]"}. It makes relative movements -very easy: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { - outline { - 0 0 - { 2c atangle 30d } - prev ++ { 2c atangle 90d } - prev ++ { 2c atangle 150d } - prev ++ { 2c atangle 210d } - prev ++ { 2c atangle 270d } - 0 0 - } -} -||7ct -@Diag { ||2.5c -@Node - outline { - 0 0 - { 2c atangle 30d } - prev ++ { 2c atangle 90d } - prev ++ { 2c atangle 150d } - prev ++ { 2c atangle 210d } - prev ++ { 2c atangle 270d } - 0 0 - } -{ 4c @Wide 4c @High } -} -} -This example is rather naughty because the outline does not grow and -shrink with the base as it should. Such outlines, while tempting, are -always regretted later. -@PP -There are {@Code xcoord} and {@Code ycoord} symbols for finding the -@I x and @I y coordinates of a point: -@ID @Code { -"{xcoord P1} min {xcoord P2}" "{ycoord P1} max {ycoord P2}" -} -is the point at the top left-hand corner of the smallest rectangle -containing points {@Code P1} and {@Code P2}. And there is a -@Code distance symbol which produces the (non-negative) distance between -two points: -@ID @Code "CTR ++ { CTR distance NW } atangle { CTR angleto NW }" -equals {@Code NW}. -@PP -The rest of this section is concerned with how the `special virtue' -of the @Code from and @Code to options, their ability to accept a node -tag as well as a point, is implemented behind the scenes. A good -user-defined link should also have this virtue, because it is extremely -useful. -@PP -The solution is based on a symbol called {@Code boundaryatangle}, -whose preceding object should be either a point or else the tag -of a node with one of the standard shapes, and whose following object -is an angle: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -{ xsize ysize*0.5 } boundaryatangle 45d -A boundaryatangle 45d -} -In the first case the result is the point, regardless of the -angle. In the second case, the result is the point on the boundary of -the node whose tag is given, at the given angle from the centre. -@PP -There is a second symbol with a similar adaptive ability, called -{@Code "??"}, which is defined to be @Code "@" whenever that would -make sense, and otherwise to produce the preceding object for its -result. For example, @Code "A??CTR" will equal @Code "A@CTR" if there -is such a thing; but -@ID @Code "{ xsize ysize*0.5 }??CTR" -will have result {@Code "{ xsize ysize*0.5 }"} since replacing -@Code "??" by @Code "@" does not produce anything sensible. -@PP -Now suppose we want a link path that connects @Code "from" and -@Code "to" by a straight line, where @Code "from" and @Code "to" may be -either node tags or points. In either case a suitable direction for the -line to take is -@ID @Code "from??CTR angleto to??CTR" -and so the desired path is -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -path { - FROM:: from boundaryatangle { from??CTR angleto to??CTR } - TO:: to boundaryatangle { to??CTR angleto from??CTR } - FROM - TO -} -} -The first line defines point @Code FROM to be on the boundary of -@Code from at the appropriate angle, if @Code "from" is a node tag; -otherwise @Code "FROM" is just the point {@Code from}. The second -line defines point @Code TO similarly, and then the last two lines -join these two points. The @Code line standard link type is exactly -this plus a few additional tags and directions. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_intr b/doc/doc/user/dia_intr deleted file mode 100644 index 1aa8c66..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_intr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,116 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_intr } - @Title { Introduction } -@Begin -@PP -To use the @@Diag symbol you first need to include its setup file. For -example, suppose you have an ordinary document with tables: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { tbl }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -Change this to -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { tbl }" -"@SysInclude { diag }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -This provides everything you need for making diagrams. -@PP -The result of the @@Diag symbol is an object in the usual way. A diagram -is commonly made into a floating figure, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Figure" -" @Caption { ... }" -"@Diag {" -" ..." -"}" -} -or into a centred display, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@CentredDisplay @Diag { ... }" -} -but it could be an entry in a table, a word in a paragraph, or anything -else. -@PP -Although it is not compulsory, most uses of @@Diag contain a -@I { nodes part } and a @I { links part }: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break { -@Code "@Diag {" - @I { nodes part } - @Code "//" - @I { links part } -@Code "}" -} -This reflects @@Diag's view of the world as consisting of {@I nodes} -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.nodespart @SubIndex { nodes part } -nodespart.diagrams @Index { nodes part in diagrams } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.linkspart @SubIndex { links part } -linkspart.diagrams @Index { links part in diagrams } -(circles, squares, and so on), which have to be put in their right -places and then joined with @I links (lines, arrows). The technical -meaning of the {@Code "//"} symbol does not concern us here; it -simply serves to divide the two parts. -@PP -For example, here is a nodes part containing two nodes separated by -a @Code "@DP" symbol that (as usual) leaves some vertical space -between them: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 7c @Wide A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @Code { -"@Ellipse { Hello, world }" -"@DP" -"@Square @I x" -} } - B { @Diag { -@Ellipse { Hello, world } -@DP -@Square @I x -} } -} -Node symbols like @Code "@Ellipse" and @Code "@Square" follow a familiar -pattern: they consume the following object, which may be arbitrary, draw -a shape around it, and give back the resulting object. To insert links, the -nodes must first be given names, called {@I tags}, using the @Code "::" symbol: -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.tags @SubIndex { tags ({@Code "::"}) } -tags.diagrams @Index { tags ({@Code "::"}) in diagrams } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"A:: @Ellipse { Hello, world }" -"@DP" -"B:: @Square @I x" -} -Then a link from @Code A to @Code B may be added to the links part: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 7c @Wide A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @Code @Verbatim { -@Diag { - A:: @Ellipse { Hello, world } - @DP - B:: @Square @I x - // - @Link from { A } to { B } -} -} } - B { @Diag { -A:: @Ellipse { Hello, world } -@DP -B:: @Square @I x -// -@Link from { A } to { B } -} } -} -Subsequent examples will often omit the enclosing {@Code "@Diag { }"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_labe b/doc/doc/user/dia_labe deleted file mode 100644 index 3bc647a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_labe +++ /dev/null @@ -1,514 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_labe } - @Title { Labels } -@Begin -@PP -Diagrams often contain small @I labels adjacent to their nodes and links: -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labels @SubIndex { labels } -labels. @RawIndex { labels } -labels.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -@CD @Diag - nodelabelformat { @I @Body } -{ -@Tab - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col B ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col C } -{ -@Rowa - B { B:: @Circle alabel { b } } -@Rowa - A { A:: @Circle alabel { a } } -@Rowa - C { C:: @Circle dlabel { c } } -} -// -@Arrow from { A } to { B } ylabel { 10 } -@Arrow from { A } to { C } ylabel { 15 } -@Arrow from { B } to { C } ylabel { 20 } -} -Each node may have up to four labels, called {@Code alabel}, {@Code blabel}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.alabel @SubIndex { @Code "alabel" option } -alabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "alabel" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.blabel @SubIndex { @Code "blabel" option } -blabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "blabel" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.clabel @SubIndex { @Code "clabel" option } -clabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "clabel" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.dlabel @SubIndex { @Code "dlabel" option } -dlabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "dlabel" option (diagrams) } -{@Code clabel}, and {@Code dlabel}: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Ellipse - alabel { a } - blabel { b } - clabel { c } - dlabel { d } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag { -@Ellipse - alabel { a } - blabel { b } - clabel { c } - dlabel { d } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -Links also have labels, five in fact: -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.fromlabel @SubIndex { @Code "fromlabel" option } -fromlabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "fromlabel" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.xlabel @SubIndex { @Code "xlabel" option } -xlabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "xlabel" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.ylabel @SubIndex { @Code "ylabel" option } -ylabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "ylabel" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.zlabel @SubIndex { @Code "zlabel" option } -zlabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "zlabel" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.tolabel @SubIndex { @Code "tolabel" option } -tolabel.diagrams @Index { @Code "tolabel" option (diagrams) } -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - fromlabel { f } - xlabel { x } - ylabel { y } - zlabel { z } - tolabel { t } -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag { -3c @Wide 1c @High -// -@Link - from { 0 0 } - to { 1,1 } - fromlabel { f } - xlabel { x } - ylabel { y } - zlabel { z } - tolabel { t } -} -} -The {@Code fromlabel} and {@Code tolabel} options are positioned directly -over the endpoints of the link, and {@Code fromlabel} is by default printed -at a funny angle, because these labels are the means of attaching -arrowheads to links: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - tolabel { @SolidArrowHead } -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag { -3c @Wide 1c @High -// -@Link - from { 0 0 } - to { 1,1 } - tolabel { @SolidArrowHead } -} -} -@Code "@SolidArrowHead" is a symbol, available for use anywhere, whose -value is an object in the shape of a small solid arrowhead. The arrowhead -options of Section {@NumberOf dia_link} work by setting {@Code fromlabel} -and {@Code tolabel} in exactly this way. Usually it is best to forget -about {@Code fromlabel} and {@Code tolabel}, and think of links as having -just {@Code xlabel} near the start, {@Code ylabel} in the middle, and -{@Code zlabel} near the end; but when you need different arrowheads, or -arrowheads in a different colour from the rest of the arrow: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - tolabel { red @Colour @SolidArrowHead } -} -||9ct -@VContract @Diag { -3c @Wide 1c @High -// -@Link - from { 0 0 } - to { 1,1 } - tolabel { red @Colour @SolidArrowHead } -} -} -{@Code fromlabel} and {@Code tolabel} are the answer. -@PP -Adding a label will not change the size of the diagram or the position -of any node, link, or other label. Although a label may be an arbitrary -object, it is treated as having zero size and will overstrike anything -that happens to be where it wants to go. -@PP -There are options for controlling the appearance and position of -labels. These are described below mainly for {@Code alabel}, but there -are corresponding options for all nine labels. -@PP -The {@Code alabelfont} and {@Code alabelbreak} options determine the -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labelfont @SubIndex { @Code "labelfont" options } -labelfont. @RawIndex { @Code "labelfont" options } -labelfont.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labelbreak @SubIndex { @Code "labelbreak" options } -labelbreak. @RawIndex { @Code "labelbreak" options } -labelbreak.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -font and paragraph breaking style of the label: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Ellipse - alabel { a } - alabelfont { -2p } - alabelbreak { ragged nohyphen } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag { -@Ellipse - alabel { a } - alabelfont { -2p } - alabelbreak { ragged nohyphen } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -This example shows the default values of these two options; @Code "-2p" -explains why the labels in earlier examples were printed in a smaller -font size. There is also an {@Code alabelformat} option which allows -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labelformat @SubIndex { @Code "labelformat" options } -labelformat. @RawIndex { @Code "labelformat" options } -labelformat.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -for more radical changes in appearance: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Ellipse - alabel { a } - alabelformat { @Box @I @Body } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//0.5c -@Ellipse - alabel { a } - alabelformat { @Box @I @Body } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -The value attached to the ellipse will be the value of {@Code alabelformat}, -with any @Code "@Body" symbol within it replaced by the value of the -{@Code alabel} option. This example produces boxed italic labels. -@PP -Nodes also have {@Code nodelabelfont}, {@Code nodelabelbreak}, and -{@Code nodelabelformat} options which work in the same way but affect all -of the node labels, not just one: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Ellipse - nodelabelformat - { @Box @I @Body } - alabel { a } - blabel { b } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//0.5c -@Ellipse - nodelabelformat { @Box @I @Body } - alabel { a } - blabel { b } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -Links similarly have {@Code linklabelfont}, {@Code linklabelbreak}, and -{@Code linklabelformat} options which affect all the link labels -(except {@Code fromlabel} and {@Code tolabel}, since that would produce -results that people do not expect.) The @Code "@Diag" symbol also has -these options, in the usual way, and they are extremely useful there: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - nodelabelfont { Slope -2p } - linklabelformat { "/"@Body"/" } - hsize { 1.8c } -{ - A:: @Ellipse alabel { a } { OK } - @DP - @DP - B:: @Ellipse alabel { b } { FAULT } - // - @Arrow from { A } to { B } ylabel { sig } -} -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag - nodelabelfont { Slope -2p } - linklabelformat { "/"@Body"/" } - hsize { 1.8c } -{ - A:: @Ellipse alabel { a } { OK } - @DP - @DP - B:: @Ellipse alabel { b } { FAULT } - // - @Arrow from { A } to { B } ylabel { sig } -} -} -These settings specify that every node label will be set in italics, -two points smaller than the surrounding text, and that every link label -will appear between two @Code "/" characters, also two points smaller -because the default value of @Code "linklabelfont" still applies. Of -course, it remains open to any node or link to override these settings -by supplying its own label options. -@PP -The remaining five label options, {@Code alabelpos}, {@Code alabelangle}, -{@Code alabelprox}, {@Code alabelmargin}, {@Code alabelctr}, and -{@Code alabeladjust}, -affect the position of the label. Don't be daunted by the number of -options. As previous examples have shown, they all have sensible -default values and thus need to be set only rarely. -@PP -Each label inhabits its own characteristic region of the node or -link: {@Code alabel} in the north-east corner of the node, -{@Code ylabel} halfway along the link, and so on. This general -location of the label is defined by the {@Code alabelpos} option. Here -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labelpos @SubIndex { @Code "labelpos" options } -labelpos.diagrams @Index { @Code "labelpos" options (diagrams) } -are the default values for all nine labels: -@IL -@LI { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - alabelpos { NE } - blabelpos { NW } - clabelpos { SW } - dlabelpos { SE } -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag { -//0.5f -@ShowTags @Ellipse { 3c @Wide 2c @High } -} -} -@LI { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - fromlabelpos { FROM } - xlabelpos { LFROM } - ylabelpos { LMID } - zlabelpos { LTO } - tolabelpos { TO } -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag { -//1.0f -2c @Wide 2.2c @High -// -@ShowTags @Link - from { 0,0.7 } - to { 1,0 } - # tolabel { @SolidArrowHead } -} -} -@EL -Thus, by changing @Code clabelpos to @Code S you can move the position -of the @Code clabel label to beneath the node. You can do this for every -node by setting this option in the @Code "@Diag" symbol, as was done for -the formatting options above. -@PP -In a similar vein, there is an @Code { xindent } option which controls how -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.xindent @SubIndex { @Code "xindent" option } -xindent.diagrams @Index { @Code "xindent" option (diagrams) } -far from the start of the link the @Code "LFROM" tag, and hence the -{@Code xlabel}, will appear. A similar option, @Code { zindent }, determines -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.zindent @SubIndex { @Code "zindent" option } -zindent.diagrams @Index { @Code "zindent" option (diagrams) } -how far from the end of the link the @Code "LTO" tag and hence the -{@Code zlabel} will appear: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - xindent { 1f } - zindent { 2f } -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag { -//1f -2c @Wide 1.2c @High -// -@ShowTags @Link - xindent { 1f } - zindent { 2f } - from { 0,0.7 } - to { 1,0 } -} -} -Both options have default value {@Code 0.8f}. -@PP -The @Code alabelangle option determines the angle at which the label is -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labelangle @SubIndex { @Code "labelangle" options } -labelangle.diagrams @Index { @Code "labelangle" options (diagrams) } -printed: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "alabelangle { horizontal }" } - B { Horizontal (the default) } -@Rowa - A { "alabelangle { aligned }" } - B { Aligned with the node outline or link path } -@Rowa - A { "alabelangle { perpendicular }" } - B { Perpendicular to the outline or link path } -} -The @Code "alabelprox" option determines where in the proximity of -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labelprox @SubIndex { @Code "labelprox" options } -labelprox.diagrams @Index { @Code "labelprox" options (diagrams) } -@Code alabelpos the label is printed: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "alabelprox { above }" } - B { Above the node outline or link path (the default for link labels) } -@Rowa - A { "alabelprox { below }" } - B { Below the node outline or link path } -@Rowa - A { "alabelprox { left }" } - B { To the left of the node outline or link path } -@Rowa - A { "alabelprox { right }" } - B { To the right of the node outline or link path } -@Rowa - A { "alabelprox { inside }" } - B { Inside the node outline or on the left of the link path -going from @Code from to @Code to } -@Rowa - A { "alabelprox { outside }" } - B { Outside the node outline or on the right of the link path -going from @Code from to @Code to (the default for node labels) } -} -The {@Code alabelmargin} option adds a margin around all four sides of -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labelmargin @SubIndex { @Code "labelmargin" options } -labelmargin. @RawIndex { @Code "labelmargin" options } -labelmargin.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -the label, thereby moving it away from {@Code alabelpos} irrespective of -which direction it happens to lie in: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Ellipse - alabel { a } - alabelmargin { 0f } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@VContract @Diag { -@Ellipse - alabel { a } - alabelmargin { 0f } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -The default value is {@Code 0.2f}, and so there is scope for some -reduction as well as increase. -@PP -@@Diag takes careful account of the @Code alabelangle option, the -@Code alabelprox option, the direction that the node outline or link -path is heading, and which label it is, and places the label in a way -that looks good nearly always. When it doesn't, the remainder of this -section should help. -@PP -The @Code alabelangle option may be given an arbitrary angle, and then -the label will be printed at that angle. There are also the special -values @Code parallel and {@Code antiparallel}, which give the direction -that the node outline or link path is going at that point and its -opposite. These are the default values for @Code tolabelangle and -@Code fromlabelangle respectively, which explains why arrowheads point the -right way. The @Code aligned value above is one of these two angles, -the one closest to {@Code 0d}. -@PP -The @Code alabelprox option may be {@Code N}, -{@Code S}, {@Code E}, {@Code W}, {@Code NE}, {@Code SE}, {@Code NW}, -{@Code SW}, {@Code NNW}, {@Code NNE}, {@Code SSW}, {@Code SSE}, or {@Code CTR}: -@CD @Diag { -//1f -@ShowTags @Box margin { 0.5c } { 24p @Font grey @Colour @I label } -} -meaning that the indicated point of the label will coincide with -{@Code alabelpos}. These points lie on the outside of the margins -added by {@Code alabelmargin}. -@PP -The six values of @Code alabelprox given earlier (@Code { above }, -@Code { below }, etc.) all produce one of {@Code N}, {@Code S} etc. for -their ultimate result; which one they produce depends on the direction -the outline or link is going at that point. For example, @Code { above } -produces @Code { SE } when the outline or link is going from northeast -to southwest or vice versa, @Code { SW } when the outline or link is -going from northwest to southeast and vice versa, and @Code { S } when -it happens to be exactly horizontal. There is also a dependence -on which label it is: for example, if it is @Code "xlabel" and the -direction happens to be vertical, the result is {@Code "NW"}. -@PP -The preceding discussion is all under the assumption that the -@Code "alabelctr" option is {@Code no}. When it is {@Code "yes"}, -a small adjustment is made to the position of the label. The selected -corner or side midpoint of the label will no longer coincide with -{@Code alabelpos}, although it will still lie on the straight line passing -through {@Code alabelpos} at the angle of {@Code alabelpos}. The corner -or side midpoint slides up or down this line to the point which -minimises the distance from {@Code alabelpos} to the centre of the -label. Only @Code ylabelctr has @Code "yes" for its default value; the -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labelctr @SubIndex { @Code "labelctr" options } -labelctr.diagrams @Index { @Code "labelctr" options (diagrams) } -@Code y label often looks better centred when this adjustment is made, -particularly on lines with shallow but non-zero slope: -@CD @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @CC A ! @Col ! @Col @CC B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @Code "ylabelctr { no }" } - B { @Code "ylabelctr { yes }" } -@Rowa -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { @Diag ylabelctr { no } { - A:: @Square //0.5c &3c B:: @Square - // - @Link from { A } to { B } ylabel { @I { ylabel } } - } } - B { @Diag ylabelctr { yes } { - A:: @Square //0.5c &3c B:: @Square - // - @Link from { A } to { B } ylabel { @I { ylabel } } - } } -} -since it is then the centre of the label which is centred on the link, -rather than one of its corners. -@PP -Finally, when all else fails there is an {@Code alabeladjust} option -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.labeladjust @SubIndex { @Code "labeladjust" options } -labeladjust. @RawIndex { @Code "labeladjust" options } -labeladjust.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -which translates the label by an arbitrary amount: -@ID @Code "alabeladjust { -0.5c 1.5c }" -causes the label to appear 0.5 centimetres to the left of and 1.5 centimetres -above the point where it otherwise would have done. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_link b/doc/doc/user/dia_link deleted file mode 100644 index d20a451..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_link +++ /dev/null @@ -1,381 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_link } - @Title { Links } -@Begin -@PP -@Code "@Diag" has one basic symbol for creating links, called -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.link @SubIndex { @Code "@Link" symbol } -link.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Link" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@Link"}. It draws a link between two points or nodes -given by {@Code from} and {@Code to} options, along a path -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.from @SubIndex { @Code "from" option } -from.diagrams @Index { @Code "from" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.to @SubIndex { @Code "to" option } -to.diagrams @Index { @Code "to" option (diagrams) } -given by a {@Code path} option: -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.path @SubIndex { @Code "path" option } -path.diagrams @Index { @Code "path" option (diagrams) } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Link - path { ... } - from { ... } - to { ... } -} -Unlike {@Code "@Node"}, {@Code "@Link"} has no following object. -@PP -The @Code "path" option may be used to produce a link of any shape, as -Section {@NumberOf dia_defi} explains. There are also values -that produce standard paths. These are listed in full in the summary -(Section {@NumberOf dia_summ}). Here is a sample: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code { path "{" A "}" } ! @Col ! @Col B ! - @Col 0.5c @Wide ! @Col @Code { path "{" C "}" } ! @Col ! @Col D - } -{ - -@Rowa - A { line } - B { -@Diag { -A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle -// @Link from { A } to { B } path { line } arrow { yes } -} -} - C { acurve } - D { -@Diag { -A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle -// @Link from { A } to { B } path { acurve } arrow { yes } -} -} - -@Rowa - A { rvlcurve } - B { -@Diag { -A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle -// @Link from { A } to { B } path { rvlcurve } arrow { yes } -} -} - C { ccurve } - D { -@Diag { -A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle -// @Link from { A } to { B } path { ccurve } arrow { yes } -} -} - -} -The name @Code rvlcurve is a reminder that the curve goes right, then -vertically, then left, with curved corners. The @Code acurve and -@Code ccurve values produce circular arcs, anticlockwise or clockwise, -lying on the circle passing through the endpoints, or through the -centres of the endpoints when they are tags denoting nodes. There -is also @Code "curve" which is an abbreviation for {@Code "acurve"}. -All these standard paths are defined in a way that makes sense no matter -where the two nodes are relative to each other, except that no promise -of a sensible result is made for two nodes very close together. -@PP -@Code "@Link" has two options, @Code bias and {@Code radius}, that may be -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.bias @SubIndex { @Code "bias" option } -bias.diagrams @Index { @Code "bias" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.radius @SubIndex { @Code "radius" option } -radius. @RawIndex { @Code "radius" option } -radius.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -used to fine-tune the path. The @Code "bias" option determines the -maximum distance that a curve is permitted to stray: -@CD @Tab - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col ! @Col B } -{ - -@Rowa - - A { @Diag vstrut { no } margin { 0.5c } { -A:: @Circle //1.5c ||2c B:: @Circle -// -LA:: @Line pathstyle { cdashed } from { A } to { B } -LB:: @Curve from { A } to { B } -@Line arrow { both } from { LA@LMID } to { LB@LMID } - ylabel { @I bias } # ylabeladjust { 0.15c 0 } -} } - - B { @Diag vstrut { no } margin { 0.5c } { -A:: @Circle //1.5c ||2c B:: @Circle -// -LA:: @RVLCurve from { A } to { B } -LB:: @Line pathstyle { cdashed } from { B@E } to { B@E ++ {0 2.5c} } -@Line arrow { both } from { LB@LMID } to { LA@LMID } - ylabel { @I bias } ylabeladjust { 0 0.05c } -} } - -} -The @Code radius option does @I not apply to @Code acurve and -{@Code ccurve}; rather, it determines the radius of the arcs at -the corners of @Code rvlcurve and its kin. A very large radius will be -reduced to the largest reasonable value, which provides a way to get -a semicircle at the right in an {@Code rvlcurve}. -@PP -Lout has no idea where the path is wandering, and cannot take it into -account when placing a diagram on the page: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - path { acurve } - bias { 2c } -} -||7ct -@Diag vstrut { no } { -A:: @Circle &3c B:: @Circle -// -@Link path { acurve } bias { 2c } from { A } to { B } -} -} -In such cases you have to arrange for the extra space yourself, by adding -an extra paragraph symbol, blank row or column in a table, or whatever. -@PP -As with {@Code "@Node"} options, {@Code "@Link"} options may all be -given to {@Code "@Diag"} as well, where they apply to every link in -the diagram, unless overridden in the usual way. They also appear -in the setup file, where they apply to every link in every diagram -of the document, unless overridden. -@PP -There are {@Code pathstyle}, {@Code pathdashlength}, {@Code pathwidth}, -and {@Code pathcolour} (alternative name {@Code pathcolor}) -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.pathstyle @SubIndex { @Code "pathstyle" option } -pathstyle.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathstyle" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.pathdashlength @SubIndex { @Code "pathdashlength" option } -pathdashlength.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathdashlength" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.pathwidth @SubIndex { @Code "pathwidth" option } -pathwidth.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathwidth" option (diagrams) } -diagrams.pathcolour @SubIndex { @Code "pathcolour" option } -pathcolour.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathcolour" option (diagrams) } -options which affect the path's appearance like the -{@Code outlinestyle}, {@Code outlinedashlength}, {@Code outlinewidth}, -and {@Code outlinecolour} options of {@Code "@Node"} affect its outline. -Here they are with their default values: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - pathstyle { solid } - pathdashlength { 0.2f } - pathwidth { thin } - pathcolour { nochange } -} -} -When {@Code pathstyle} contains just one value (as opposed to a sequence -of values) @Code "@Diag" tries to divide the path into fewer segments -than it would otherwise, to make dashed and dotted paths look as good -as possible. There is also a {@Code pathgap} option which affects only -@Code doubleline paths; it -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.pathgap @SubIndex { @Code "pathgap" option } -pathgap.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathgap" option (diagrams) } -determines the gap between the centres of the two lines. -@PP -The @Code "@Link" symbol has an @Code arrow option, which adds an -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.arrow.opt @SubIndex { @Code "arrow" option } -arrow.opt.diagrams @Index { @Code "arrow" option (diagrams) } -arrowhead to the end of the link: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - arrow { yes } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -1c @High 3c @Wide -// -@Link - from { 0,0 } - to { 1,1 } - arrow { yes } -} -} -Its value may be {@Code no} (the default), {@Code yes}, {@Code forward} -(which is the same as {@Code yes}), {@Code back}, or {@Code both}: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - arrow { both } - pathcolour { green } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -1c @High 3c @Wide -// -@Link - from { 0,0 } - to { 1,1 } - arrow { both } - pathcolour { green } -} -} -To colour the arrowheads differently you need {@Code fromlabel} and -{@Code tolabel}, described in Section {@NumberOf dia_labe}. Colouring -a link using `{@Code "green @Colour @Link ..."}' works too; it also -colours the link's labels. -@PP -@Code "@Link" offers {@Code arrowstyle}, {@Code arrowwidth}, and -{@Code arrowlength} options for changing the appearance of the -arrowheads. For -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.arrowstyle @SubIndex { @Code "arrowstyle" option } -arrowstyle.diagrams @Index { @Code "arrowstyle" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.arrowwidth @SubIndex { @Code "arrowwidth" option } -arrowwidth.diagrams @Index { @Code "arrowwidth" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.arrowlength @SubIndex { @Code "arrowlength" option } -arrowlength.diagrams @Index { @Code "arrowlength" option (diagrams) } -consistency it is usually best to set the corresponding options to -the @Code "@Diag" symbol, which applies them to every arrow in the -diagram: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - arrowstyle { solid } - arrowwidth { 0.3f } - arrowlength { 0.5f } -{ - ... -} -} -This shows the default values: a solid arrowhead like the ones above, -@Code "0.3f" wide (across) and @Code "0.5f" long. The @Code "arrowwidth" -and @Code "arrowlength" options may be any length; it may be necessary to -decrease @Code "arrowwidth" when many arrows enter one node. The full list -of possible values for @Code "arrowstyle" is -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code { "arrowstyle {" A "}" } ! @Col B } - vmargin { 1.0vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { solid } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { solid } } } -@Rowa - A { solidwithbar } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { solidwithbar } } } -@Rowa - A { halfopen } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { halfopen } } } -@Rowa - A { open } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { open } } } -@Rowa - A { curvedsolid } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { curvedsolid } } } -@Rowa - A { curvedhalfopen } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { curvedhalfopen } } } -@Rowa - A { curvedopen } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { curvedopen } } } -@Rowa - A { circle } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { circle } } } -@Rowa - A { box } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Circle - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { box } } } -@Rowa - A { many } - B { @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle |2c B:: @Box - // @Link from { A } to { B } arrow { yes } arrowstyle { many } } } -} -The reader is invited to admire the beautifully sharp points on these -arrowheads. -@FootNote { -The outlines of all nodes and arrowheads are drawn on the inside of the -geometrical curve defining them, not centred over the curve as is common in -PostScript documents. Hence, the arrowheads and node outlines intersect at -a true geometrical point; they do not overlap by one line width. Furthermore, -the standard link paths terminate at the base of the arrowhead, not at -the point; the arrowhead itself is responsible for continuing the link -path, at the appropriate width (although never dashed or dotted), from its -base to its point, and hence can and does ensure that the link path does -not overstrike and thicken the point of the arrow. -} &2s -The arrow with style @Code solidwithbar has a bar at the tip of the -arrowhead, whose length equals the width of the arrow and whose -width is {@Code pathwidth}, like this: -@ID @Diag { -A:: @Box margin { 0i } outlinestyle { noline } 3c @Wide -// -@Link from { A@W } to { A@CTR } arrow { forward } arrowstyle { solidwithbar } -@Link from { A@CTR } to { A@E } arrow { back } backarrowstyle { solidwithbar } -} -This example shows that half of the bar extends beyond the area -allocated to the arrow, so that if two of these arrows meet from -opposite directions, their bars will exactly overstrike. -@PP -Corresponding with {@Code arrowstyle}, {@Code arrowwidth}, and -{@Code arrowlength}, there are {@Code backarrowstyle}, -{@Code backarrowwidth}, and {@Code backarrowlength} options which -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.backarrowstyle @SubIndex { @Code "backarrowstyle" option } -backarrowstyle.diagrams @Index { @Code "backarrowstyle" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.backarrowwidth @SubIndex { @Code "backarrowwidth" option } -backarrowwidth.diagrams @Index { @Code "backarrowwidth" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.backarrowlength @SubIndex { @Code "backarrowlength" option } -backarrowlength.diagrams @Index { @Code "backarrowlength" option (diagrams) } -determine the style and size of the back arrow; it doesn't have -to be the same style or size as the forward arrow: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Link - arrow { both } - backarrowstyle { circle } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -1c @High 3c @Wide -// -@Link - from { 0,0 } - to { 1,1 } - arrow { both } - backarrowstyle { circle } -} -} -It is also possible to place an arbitrary object at the beginning or -end of a link, using the @Code "fromlabel" and @Code "tolabel" options -of Section {@NumberOf dia_labe}. -@PP -@Code "@Diag" offers link symbols which are just @Code "@Link" with -one of the standard paths already set: {@Code "@Line"}, -{@Code "@Curve"}, {@Code "@CCurve"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.line @SubIndex { @Code "@Line" symbol } -line.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Line" symbol (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.curve @SubIndex { @Code "@Curve" symbol } -curve.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Curve" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@RVLCurve"}, and so on. There are also symbols in which -the @Code "arrow" option is set to @Code yes as well: {@Code "@Arrow"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.arrow.sym @SubIndex { @Code "@Arrow" symbol } -arrow.sym.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Arrow" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@CurveArrow"}, {@Code "@CCurveArrow"}, {@Code "@RVLCurveArrow"}, -and so on. See the summary (Section {@NumberOf dia_summ}) for the -full list of these symbols. You will still need the @Code "arrow" option -to get backward arrows and double-ended arrows. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_node b/doc/doc/user/dia_node deleted file mode 100644 index af72196..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_node +++ /dev/null @@ -1,721 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_node } - @Title { Nodes } -@Begin -@PP -@Code "@Diag" has one basic symbol for creating nodes. It is called -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.node @SubIndex { @Code "@Node" symbol } -node.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Node" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@Node"}, and it takes the following object and encloses it in an -outline whose shape is determined by the {@Code "outline"} option: -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.outline @SubIndex { @Code "outline" option } -outline.diagrams @Index { @Code "outline" option (diagrams) } -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { curvebox } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Node - outline { curvebox } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -As Section {@NumberOf dia_defi} explains, the @Code outline option may be -used to produce an outline of any shape. There are also nine values that -produce standard shapes: {@Code box}, {@Code curvebox}, {@Code shadowbox}, -{@Code square}, {@Code diamond}, {@Code polygon}, {@Code isosceles}, -{@Code ellipse}, and {@Code circle}. -@PP -The shape of the outline is determined by the @Code outline option, but -its size and position depend on the size and position of its -{@I base}: the following object with a small margin around it. For -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.base @SubIndex { base of a node } -base.diagrams @Index { base of a node in diagrams } -example, this is how a circle is positioned over its base (shown in -grey): -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { circle } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@Node - outline { circle } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -Lout works only with the base, having no idea where the outline is, which -explains why this circle is too high for the space allowed -it. Section {@NumberOf dia_summ} shows how each of the standard -outlines is positioned over its base. -@PP -The @Code "@Node" symbol has many options. They all share a very -useful property: they may be given to the @Code "@Diag" symbol -as well, where they apply to every node in the diagram: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - outline { circle } -{ - @Node @I a - @DP - @Node @I b -} -} -||7ct -@Diag - outline { circle } -{ - @Node @I a - @DP - @Node @I b -} -} -These options also appear in the setup file ({@Code diag}); -if set there, they apply to every node in every diagram of the -document. As the number of nodes increases, it becomes very tedious and -error-prone to duplicate options at all the nodes. Giving each option -just once, at the @Code "@Diag" symbol or in the setup file, saves time -and makes it easy to change all the nodes into squares or any other shape -later on. Any setup file option may be overridden in a diagram by giving -the option to its @Code "@Diag" symbol; any @Code "@Diag" option or setup -file option may be overridden at any node by giving the option again there. -@PP -Sometimes a diagram contains several different node types, each with -its own combination of options (for example, the syntax diagrams of -Section {@NumberOf dia_synt} have three node types). To handle these -cases there are five alternative versions of the @Code "@Node" -symbol, called {@Code "@ANode"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.anode @SubIndex { @Code "@ANode" symbol } -anode.diagrams @Index { @Code "@ANode" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@BNode"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.bnode @SubIndex { @Code "@BNode" symbol } -bnode.diagrams @Index { @Code "@BNode" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@CNode"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.cnode @SubIndex { @Code "@CNode" symbol } -cnode.diagrams @Index { @Code "@CNode" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@DNode"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.dnode @SubIndex { @Code "@DNode" symbol } -dnode.diagrams @Index { @Code "@DNode" symbol (diagrams) } -and -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.enode @SubIndex { @Code "@ENode" symbol } -enode.diagrams @Index { @Code "@ENode" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@ENode"}. These have exactly the same options as -{@Code "@Node"}, but the @I default values of these options -are different, in that they come from @Code "@Diag" options, -or else setup file options, that have an extra letter in front -of their name: @Code { a }, @Code { b }, @Code { c }, -@Code { d }, or @Code { e }. Here is a small example (see later -in this section for the @Code font option): -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - aoutline { box } - afont { Italic } - boutline { curvebox } - bfont { Bold } -{ - @ANode identifier - @DP - @BNode keyword -} -} -||7ct -@Diag - aoutline { box } - afont { Italic } - boutline { curvebox } - bfont { Bold } -{ - @ANode identifier - @DP - @BNode keyword -} -} -When giving an option directly to {@Code "@ANode"}, {@Code "@BNode"}, -{@Code "@CNode"}, {@Code "@DNode"}, and {@Code "@ENode"}, the initial -@Code { a }, @Code { b }, @Code { c }, @Code { d }, or @Code { e } -used with @Code "@Diag" and in the setup file is omitted. -@PP -To save time in simple cases, @Code "@Diag" provides nine other -node symbols: -{@Code "@Box"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.box @SubIndex { @Code "@Box" symbol } -boxzzz.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Box" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@CurveBox"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.curvebox @SubIndex { @Code "@CurveBox" symbol } -curvebox.diagrams @Index { @Code "@CurveBox" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@ShadowBox"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.shadowbox @SubIndex { @Code "@ShadowBox" symbol } -shadowbox.diagrams @Index { @Code "@ShadowBox" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@Square"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.square @SubIndex { @Code "@Square" symbol } -square.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Square" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@Diamond"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.diamond @SubIndex { @Code "@Diamond" symbol } -diamond.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Diamond" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@Polygon"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.polygon @SubIndex { @Code "@Polygon" symbol } -{@Code "@Isosceles"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.isosceles @SubIndex { @Code "@Isosceles" symbol } -isosceles.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Isosceles" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@Ellipse"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.ellipse @SubIndex { @Code "@Ellipse" symbol } -ellipse.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Ellipse" symbol (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.circle @SubIndex { @Code "@Circle" symbol } -circle.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Circle" symbol (diagrams) } -and {@Code "@Circle"}. These are just abbreviations for @Code "@Node" -with its {@Code outline} option set, nothing more. They take the -same options as {@Code "@Node"} (except that @Code outline is -already fixed), and everything works in the same way. -@PP -There is a @Code shadow option which determines the depth of the shadow -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.shadow @SubIndex { @Code "shadow" option } -shadow.diagrams @Index { @Code "shadow" option (diagrams) } -in shadow boxes: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Node - outline { shadowbox } - shadow { 0.4f } -{ WARNING } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Node - outline { shadowbox } - shadow { 0.4f } -{ WARNING } -} -} -This example shows the default value, 0.4 times the current font -size. For polygons there is a @Code sides option for specifying the number -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.sides @SubIndex { @Code "sides" option } -sides.diagrams @Index { @Code "sides" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.angle @SubIndex { @Code "angle" option } -angle.diagrams @Index { @Code "angle" option (diagrams) } -polygon.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Polygon" (diagrams) } -of sides, and an @Code angle option for rotating the outline: -@IL -@LI { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Polygon - sides { 5 } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Polygon - sides { 5 } -{ 1c @High 1c @Wide } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Polygon - sides { 5 } - angle { 0d } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Polygon - sides { 5 } - angle { 0d } -{ 1c @High 1c @Wide } -} -} -@EL -Setting @Code angle to @Code 0d causes the first vertex to be placed -directly underneath the centre, and as the angle increases, the -position of the first vertex rotates anticlockwise. The defaults are -3 sides and the angle that gives the polygon a -horizontal base (i.e. 180 degrees divided by the number of sides). Thus -the two cases with symmetry about a vertical axis are obtained by the -default angle and @Code "0d" respectively, which is convenient. The -{@Code "shadow"}, {@Code "sides"}, and {@Code "angle"} options may be -given to any node, and also to {@Code "@Diag"} and in the setup file, -where they apply to every node as usual. However, they only affect the -appearance of shadow boxes and polygons, respectively. -@PP -The {@Code outlinestyle}, {@Code outlinedashlength}, {@Code outlinewidth}, -and {@Code outlinecolour} (alternative name {@Code outlinecolor}) -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.outlinestyle @SubIndex { @Code "outlinestyle" option } -outlinestyle. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinestyle" option } -outlinestyle.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.outlinedashlength @SubIndex { @Code "outlinedashlength" option } -outlinedashlength. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinedashlength" option } -outlinedashlength.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.outlinewidth @SubIndex { @Code "outlinewidth" option } -outlinewidth. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinewidth" option } -outlinewidth.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -outlinecolour. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinecolour" option } -outlinecolour.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -options apply to any node and affect the appearance of the outline: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@CurveBox - outlinestyle { solid } - outlinedashlength { 0.2f } - outlinewidth { thin } - outlinecolour { nochange } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@CurveBox - outlinestyle { solid } - outlinedashlength { 0.2f } - outlinewidth { thin } - outlinecolour { nochange } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -This example shows the default values of these options. The -{@Code outlinestyle} option's allowed values include {@Code solid}, -{@Code dashed}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.solid @SubIndex { @Code "solid" outlines } -solid.diagrams @Index { @Code "solid" outlines (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.dashed @SubIndex { @Code "dashed" outlines } -dashed.diagrams @Index { dashed outlines (diagrams) } -{@Code cdashed}, {@Code dotted}, and {@Code noline}. -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.cdashed @SubIndex { @Code "cdashed" outlines } -cdashed.diagrams @Index { cdashed outlines (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.dotted @SubIndex { @Code "dotted" outlines } -dotted.diagrams @Index { dotted outlines (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.noline @SubIndex { @Code "noline" outlines } -noline.diagrams @Index { noline outlines (diagrams) } -There are also six values for mixing dots and dashes -(Section {@NumberOf dia_summ}). -@PP -The @Code dashed option makes all dashes the same length, whereas -@Code cdashed halves the length of the first and last dash on each -segment, which usually looks better: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@CurveBox - outlinestyle { cdashed } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@CurveBox - outlinestyle { cdashed } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -The length of dashes is {@Code outlinedashlength}, and the distance -between dashes or dots is at most {@Code outlinedashlength}, -reduced to make the dashes or dots fit evenly. -@PP -The {@Code outlinestyle} option may contain a sequence of the values -mentioned above, meaning that they are to be applied in turn to each -segment of the outline: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@CurveBox - outlinestyle { solid cdashed } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@CurveBox - outlinestyle { solid cdashed } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -If there are more segments than values, {@Code outlinestyle} cycles back -to the first value again; this is why a single value is applied to all -segments. Section {@NumberOf dia_summ} shows how each of the -standard shapes is divided into segments. -@PP -The @Code outlinewidth option gives the width of the line, dashes, -or dots, and may be {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or -any length. The values used for {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, and -{@Code thick} are {@Code 0.04f}, {@Code 0.08f}, and {@Code 0.12f}. -@PP -The {@Code outlinecolour} (alternatively {@Code outlinecolor}) option -determines the colour of the outline: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@CurveBox - outlinestyle { cdashed } - outlinecolour { red } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@CurveBox - outlinestyle { cdashed } - outlinecolour { red } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -It may be {@Code nochange} (or empty) for the colour currently in -use, or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour}. -@PP -The node symbols of @Code "@Diag" are quite separate symbols from the -three basic box symbols of Section {@NumberOf boxes}. Although much -is the same, one obvious difference between the two is that to get no -outline in those boxes you use @Code { "linewidth { none }" }, whereas -to get no outline here you use @Code { "outlinestyle { noline }" }. The -basic boxes can only draw the outline solid or not at all, and their -options have been kept simple to reflect that. -@PP -Nodes may be painted any of the colours listed in Section -{@NumberOf colour}, using the @Code "paint" option: -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.paint @SubIndex { @Code "paint" option } -paint. @RawIndex { @Code "paint" option } -paint.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Box - paint { grey } -@Diamond - outlinestyle { noline } - paint { white } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box - paint { grey } -@Diamond - outlinestyle { noline } - paint { white } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -In this example the object following @Code "@Box" is a diamond containing -{@Code "Hello, world"}. The default value of @Code "paint" is {@Code none}, -a special value (not a colour) meaning `don't apply any paint'. There is -also a @Code "texture" option which causes this paint to be applied with a -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.texture @SubIndex { @Code "texture" option } -texture.option. @RawIndex { @Code "texture" option } -texture.option.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -given texture. This works exacly like the @Code texture option described -in Section {@NumberOf boxes}, so we'll say no more about it here. -@PP -When painting it is important to know what order things are done in, -because anything put down earlier will disappear under the paint. -This is why @Code none and @Code white are different. Painting is -done first, then outlines, and finally the following object. -@PP -Each node symbol has -@Code "font" and @Code "break" options which may be used to -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.font @SubIndex { @Code "font" option } -font.option. @RawIndex { @Code "font" option } -font.option.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.break @SubIndex { @Code "break" option } -break. @RawIndex { @Code "break" option } -break.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -set the font and paragraph breaking style of the following object: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Box - font { Helvetica Base } - break { clines } -{ -WARNING -DANGEROUS -PENGUINS -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box - font { Helvetica Base } - break { clines } -{ -WARNING -DANGEROUS -PENGUINS -} -} -} -Both options have empty default values, which leave the font and break -style unchanged. There is also a @Code "format" option for making more -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.format @SubIndex { @Code "format" option } -format.diagrams @Index { @Code "format" option (diagrams) } -radical changes to the appearance of the following object: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Box - format { - {0.8 1.5} @Scale @S @Body - } -{ -Dangerous Penguins -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box - format { { 0.8 1.5 } @Scale @S @Body } -{ -Dangerous Penguins -} -} -} -The result is the @Code "format" option with any @Code "@Body" symbol -within it replaced by the following object. These are very useful when -attached to the @Code "@Diag" symbol: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - font { Helvetica Base } - break { clines } - format { { 0.8 1.5 } @Scale @S @Body } -{ - ... -} -} -since then they apply to every node, as usual, thereby eliminating -a lot of tedious, error-prone duplication of formatting information -at each node. -@PP -The @Code margin option determines the size of the margin added to -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.margin @SubIndex { @Code "margin" option } -margin.options @RawIndex { margin options } -margin.options.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } -the following object: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Box - margin { 0c } -{ Hello, world } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box - margin { 0c } -{ Hello, world } -} -} -These margins are included in the node's base (described above), so a -larger margin enlarges the base and hence the outline as well. The -default value of @Code margin is {@Code 0.6f} (six-tenths of the current -font size), and so the margin will automatically increase when the font size -does, for example in overhead transparencies. -@PP -The @Code margin option adds the same margin to all four sides. For -finer control, the @Code hmargin option determines the horizontal (left -and right) margins only, overriding {@Code margin}. Similarly, the -@Code vmargin option determines the vertical (top and foot) margins. There -are also {@Code leftmargin}, {@Code rightmargin}, -{@Code topmargin}, and {@Code footmargin} options which override -{@Code margin}, {@Code hmargin}, and {@Code vmargin}. -@PP -When nodes appear side by side, the {@Code valign} option is -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.valign @SubIndex { @Code "valign" option } -valign.diagrams @Index { @Code "valign" option (diagrams) } -useful for controlling their vertical position with respect to each -other. For example, -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - valign { foot } -{ -@Box font { 24p } Big -@Box font { 8p } Small -} -} -||7ct -@Diag - valign { foot } -{ -@Box font { 24p } Big -@Box font { 8p } Small -} -} -causes the feet of the boxes to be aligned. In this example it is -applied to all nodes at once, but, as usual, it can be applied to -individual nodes as well. The value of {@Code valign} can be a -length, which means that the point of alignment is to be that far -down from the top of the base (including margins); or it may be -{@Code top}, {@Code ctr}, or {@Code foot}, meaning alignment -through the top, centre (the default value), or foot. -@PP -The {@Code vsize} option specifies a particular -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.vsize @SubIndex { @Code "vsize" option } -vsize.diagrams @Index { @Code "vsize" option (diagrams) } -height for a node (not including margins): -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - vsize { 2f } -{ -@Box font { 24p } Big -@Box font { 8p } Small -} -} -||7ct -@Diag - vsize { 2f } -{ -@Box font { 24p } Big -@Box font { 8p } Small -} -} -The font size used when calculating @Code vsize is not affected by -the value of any @Code font option. If the following object is too -tall for the chosen height, Lout will print a warning message (`forced -to enlarge {@Code "@High"}', probably) and enlarge the base. -@PP -There is a @Code vindent option which is effective only when @Code vsize -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.vindent @SubIndex { @Code "vindent" option } -vindent.diagrams @Index { @Code "vindent" option (diagrams) } -is used. It controls where in the vertical space the following object -is to appear: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - vsize { 3f } -{ -@Box vindent { top } Top -@Box Centre -@Box vindent { foot } Foot -} -} -||7ct -@Diag - vsize { 3f } - vindent { ctr } -{ -@Box vindent { top } Top -@Box Centre -@Box vindent { foot } Foot -} -} -The value may be {@Code top} for at the top, {@Code ctr} (the default -value) for in the centre, {@Code foot} for at the foot, or a length, -meaning that far down from the top. These values are the same as -for the @Code valign option. -@PP -Small discrepancies in the size of nodes can be very annoying, -particularly when the nodes appear side by side: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag -{ -@Box Hole @Box in -@Box my @Box pocket -} -} -||7ct -@Diag -{ -@Box Hole @Box in -@Box my @Box pocket -} -} -These are caused by the slightly different heights of the objects within -the nodes. Selecting a fixed vertical size for all nodes goes some way -towards solving this problem: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - vsize { 1f } -{ -@Box Hole @Box in -@Box my @Box pocket -} -} -||7ct -@Diag - vsize { 1f } -{ -@Box Hole @Box in -@Box my @Box pocket -} -} -The size @Code "1f" is a good choice because most fonts are designed to -be @Code "1f" high from the top of the tallest character to the foot of the -deepest. However, there is still a problem with the baselines of the words -being misaligned. A better solution is to insert a @I { vertical strut } -into each node: an invisible object with zero width and height equal to -{@Code 1f}. This is done using the @Code vstrut option: -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.vstrut @SubIndex { @Code "vstrut" option } -vstrut.diagrams @Index { @Code "vstrut" option (diagrams) } -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - vstrut { yes } -{ -@Box Hole @Box in -@Box my @Box pocket -} -} -||7ct -@Diag - vstrut { yes } -{ -@Box Hole @Box in -@Box my @Box pocket -} -} -The @Code vstrut option may be {@Code yes}, {@Code no} (the default value), or -a length, meaning to insert a strut of this height. So @Code "vstrut { yes }" -is equivalent to {@Code "vstrut { 1.0f }"}. -@PP -There are {@Code halign}, {@Code hsize}, {@Code hindent}, and {@Code hstrut} -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.halign @SubIndex { @Code "halign" option } -halign.diagrams @Index { @Code "halign" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.hsize @SubIndex { @Code "hsize" option } -hsize.diagrams @Index { @Code "hsize" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.hindent @SubIndex { @Code "hindent" option } -hindent.diagrams @Index { @Code "hindent" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.hstrut @SubIndex { @Code "hstrut" option } -hstrut.diagrams @Index { @Code "hstrut" option (diagrams) } -options that do horizontally exactly what {@Code valign}, {@Code vsize}, -{@Code vindent}, and {@Code vstrut} do vertically, except that they -use {@Code left} and {@Code right} where the vertical ones use -{@Code top} and {@Code foot}. The best way to fix horizontal size -discrepancies is with {@Code hsize}, not {@Code hstrut}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_posi b/doc/doc/user/dia_posi deleted file mode 100644 index 7b41f15..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_posi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,233 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_posi } - @Title { Positioning } -@Begin -@PP -Once the nodes are in place, @@Diag can be trusted to look -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.positioning @SubIndex { positioning nodes } -positioning.diagrams @Index { positioning nodes in diagrams } -after the rest: links to standard outlines will terminate neatly on their -boundaries, labels will not overstrike links no matter what direction they -are heading, and so on. The great weakness of @@Diag is in positioning -the nodes. This is partly because `what pleases the eye' is often the -rule, and an interactive system is really needed in such cases; and -partly because, even when the rule is more formal (for example, when -the nodes are to be laid out in a grid), @@Diag does not have symbols -to produce it anyway. -@PP -Previous examples have used @Code "@DP" for getting nodes one under -another, and white space between nodes for getting them side by side, but -this is very primitive. This section suggests three better ways: using -{@Code "@Tbl"}, using {@Code "@Graph"}, and using coordinates; and the -following section adds a fourth, using @@Diag's tree-drawing symbols. It's -a bit of a jumble. -@PP -{@Code "@Tbl"} (Chapter {@NumberOf tables}) is a good choice when -the nodes have any grid-like arrangement: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } - marginhorizontal { 0.5c } - marginvertical { 0.25c } -{ -@Rowa - B { A:: @Square } -@Rowa - A { B:: @Square } - C { C:: @Square } -@Rowa - B { D:: @Square } -} -// -@Arrow from { A } to { B } -@Arrow from { A } to { C } -@Arrow from { B } to { D } -@Arrow from { C } to { D } -@Arrow from { A } to { D } -} -} -||9ct -@Diag { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } - marginhorizontal { 0.5c } - marginvertical { 0.25c } -{ -@Rowa - B { A:: @Square } -@Rowa - A { B:: @Square } - C { C:: @Square } -@Rowa - B { D:: @Square } -} -// -@Arrow from { A } to { B } -@Arrow from { A } to { C } -@Arrow from { B } to { D } -@Arrow from { C } to { D } -@Arrow from { A } to { D } -} -} -The table lies in the nodes part. Tags may share names -with columns; the two cannot conflict. -@PP -Similarly, the @Code "@Graph" symbol from Chapter {@NumberOf graphs} -has an @Code "objects" option which can place arbitrary objects, -including labelled nodes, anywhere on a graph: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag { -@Graph - xmin { 0 } - xmax { 100 } - ymin { 0 } - ymax { 100 } - objects { - @CTR at { 20 30 } { A:: @Square } - @CTR at { 60 70 } { B:: @Square } - } -{} -// -@Link from { A } to { B } -} -} -||8.5ct -@Diag { -@Graph - xmin { 0 } - xmax { 100 } - ymin { 0 } - ymax { 100 } - objects { - @CTR at { 20 30 } { A:: @Square } - @CTR at { 60 70 } { B:: @Square } - } -{} -// -@Link from { A } to { B } -} -} -Once again the @Code "@Graph" symbol occupies the nodes part. You can -get rid of the axes by setting the @Code "style" option of @Code "@Graph" -to {@Code none}, and then it won't look like a graph at all. -@PP -@@Diag has a system of node positioning based on coordinates which is -somewhat similar to the @Code "@Graph" one. It is often the easiest way -to scatter nodes about a diagram at random. The first step is to create -a nodes part that is just an empty space of whatever size you want the -final diagram to be: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Diag { - 4c @High 6c @Wide - // - ... -} -} -As shown, this is done with the @Code "@Wide" and @Code "@High" symbols -from basic Lout; the above diagram will be four centimetres high by -six centimetres wide. -@PP -@@Diag has a @Code "," symbol that allows you to specify a point by -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.coordinates @SubIndex { coordinates } -coordinates.diagrams @Index { coordinates in diagrams } -its coordinates in the diagram's base. For example, -@Code "0,0" denotes the bottom left-hand corner of the base, -@Code "1,0" denotes the bottom right-hand corner, and -@Code "0.5,0.5" denotes the centre of the base. Coordinates should -usually be between 0 and 1, since otherwise they denote points -outside the base (which is allowed but seldom useful). -@PP -Every node symbol has a @Code "translate" option which allows you -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.translate @SubIndex { @Code "translate" option } -translate.diagrams @Index { @Code "translate" option (diagrams) } -to move the node about on the diagram's base (or off it if you use -coordinates less than 0 or greater than 1). If you use this option, -the node effectively has zero size and overstrikes anything else -in the area you put it (like labels do). It is best to put these -nodes in the links part: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag { -@Box margin { 0c } 4c @Wide 5c @High -// -A:: @Square - translate { CTR to 0.5, 0.67 } - { @I A } -B:: @Circle - translate { CTR to 0.8, 0.25 } - { @I B } -} -} -||9ct -@Diag { -@Box margin { 0c } 4c @Wide 5c @High -// -A:: @Square - translate { CTR to 0.5, 0.67 } - { @I A } -B:: @Circle - translate { CTR to 0.8, 0.25 } - { @I B } -} -} -A box with margin zero has been drawn around the empty space to -show its extent. The value of @Code "translate" should always -be {@I point} @Code to {@I point}; the first point lies within -the node, the second lies within the nodes part, and the translation -makes these two points coincide. -@PP -You are free to have nodes in the nodes part as well, or any object -at all. Here is an example which shows what a little ingenuity -can accomplish: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag { -@Polygon - sides { 5 } - outlinestyle { noline } - hsize { 4c } - vsize { 4c } -// -A:: @Circle translate { N to P1 } {} -B:: @Circle translate { N to P2 } {} -C:: @Circle translate { N to P3 } {} -D:: @Circle translate { N to P4 } {} -E:: @Circle translate { N to P5 } {} -@Link arrow { both } from { A } to { B } -@Link arrow { both } from { B } to { C } -@Link arrow { both } from { C } to { D } -@Link arrow { both } from { D } to { E } -@Link arrow { both } from { E } to { A } -} -} -||9ct -@Diag { -@Polygon - sides { 5 } - outlinestyle { noline } - hsize { 4c } - vsize { 4c } -// -A:: @Circle translate { N to P1 } {} -B:: @Circle translate { N to P2 } {} -C:: @Circle translate { N to P3 } {} -D:: @Circle translate { N to P4 } {} -E:: @Circle translate { N to P5 } {} -@Link arrow { both } from { A } to { B } -@Link arrow { both } from { B } to { C } -@Link arrow { both } from { C } to { D } -@Link arrow { both } from { D } to { E } -@Link arrow { both } from { E } to { A } -} -} -This uses the tags of a phantom polygon to position the -real nodes. It would be a rare interactive system that could -position nodes with this precision; @@Diag shines whenever there -is a formal positioning rule to follow. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_summ b/doc/doc/user/dia_summ deleted file mode 100644 index 6dd0383..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_summ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2112 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_summ } - @Title { Summary } -@Begin -@PP -Here is the complete list of standard node outlines that may be given -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.summary @SubIndex { summary of all options } -summary.diagrams @Index { summary of all options for diagrams } -to the @Code "@Node" symbol. Each shows the outline name, any extra -options relevant to this outline, base (shown as a grey -box), segments (shown using {@Code "outlinestyle { solid dashed }"}), -tags, and directions (shown as a thick arrowhead wherever defined): -@IndentedList gap { 3v } - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { box }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { box } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { curvebox }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { curvebox } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { shadowbox }" -" shadow { 0.4f }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { shadowbox } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { square }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//1.5f -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { square } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { diamond }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { diamond } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { polygon }" -" sides { 3 }" -" angle { 180d / sides }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { polygon } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -&0.5c ... &0.5c -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { polygon } - sides { 10 } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -&0.5c ... -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { isosceles }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { isosceles } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { ellipse }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { ellipse } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Node" -" outline { circle }" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Box paint { lightgrey } outlinestyle { noline } margin { 0c } -@ShowTags @ShowDirections @Node - outline { circle } - outlinestyle { solid dashed } - outlinewidth { 0.03f } - vsize { 1.0c } hsize { 2.0c } -} -} - -@EndList -@DP -Here are the abbreviations for the standard shapes: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @Code { outline "{" A "}" } ! @Col @Code { "@"B } } -{ -@Rowa - A { box } - B { Box } -@Rowa - A { curvebox } - B { CurveBox } -@Rowa - A { shadowbox } - B { ShadowBox } -@Rowa - A { square } - B { Square } -@Rowa - A { diamond } - B { Diamond } -@Rowa - A { polygon } - B { Polygon } -@Rowa - A { isosceles } - B { Isosceles } -@Rowa - A { ellipse } - B { Ellipse } -@Rowa - A { circle } - B { Circle } -} -Here are all the options to the @Code "@Node" symbol, their default -values, and their ranges of allowed values. Definitions of {@I number}, -{@I length}, {@I angle}, and {@I point} appear later in this summary. The -options related to {@Code alabel}, {@Code blabel}, {@Code clabel}, and -{@Code dlabel} have mostly been omitted since they are the same as -the {@Code nodelabel} options except for {@Code nodelabelpos}. -@DP -1fx @Break @Tab - hmargin { 1s } - # vmargin { 0.6vx } - @Fmth { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code " " ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code " " ! - @Col 0.3c @Wide ! @Col C } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code "}" ! - @Col 0.3c @Wide ! @Col C } -{ -@FirstRowh - A { "@Node" } -@Rowa - A { " outline" } - B { box } - C { {@Code box}, {@Code curvebox}, {@Code shadowbox}, {@Code square}, -{@Code diamond}, {@Code polygon}, {@Code ellipse}, {@Code circle}, or -any outline } -@Rowa - A { " margin" } - B { 0.6f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " shadow" } - B { 0.4f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " sides" } - B { 3 } - C { any @I number (it will be rounded to the nearest integer) } -@Rowa - A { " angle" } - B { 180d "/" sides } - C { any @I angle } -@Rowa - A { " translate" } - B { } - C { empty, or @I point @Code to @I point } -@Rowa - A { " outlinestyle" } - B { solid } - C { {@Code solid}, {@Code dashed}, {@Code cdashed}, {@Code dotted}, -{@Code dotdashed}, {@Code dotcdashed}, {@Code dotdotdashed}, -{@Code dotdotcdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotcdashed}, -{@Code noline}, or any sequence of one or more of these } -@Rowa - A { " outlinedashlength"} - B { 0.2f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " outlinewidth" } - B { thin } - C { {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " outlinecolour" } - B { nochange } - C { @Code nochange or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowa - A { " paint" } - B { none } - C { @Code none or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowa - A { " texture" } - B { solid } - C { Any texture from Section {@NumberOf textures} } -@Rowa - A { " font" } - B { } - C { any value suitable for the @Code "@Font" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " break" } - B { } - C { any value suitable for the @Code "@Break" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " format" } - B { "@Body" } - C { any object, usually containing {@Code "@Body"} } -@Rowa - A { " valign"} - B { ctr } - C { {@Code "top"}, {@Code "ctr"}, {@Code "foot"}, or any length -from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " vsize"} - B { } - C { empty, or any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " vindent"} - B { ctr } - C { {@Code "top"}, {@Code "ctr"}, {@Code "mctr"}, {@Code "foot"}, or any -length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " vstrut"} - B { no } - C { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, or any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " vmargin" } - B { margin } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " topmargin" } - B { vmargin } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " footmargin" } - B { vmargin } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " halign"} - B { ctr } - C { {@Code "left"}, {@Code "ctr"}, {@Code "right"}, or any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " hsize"} - B { } - C { empty, or any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " hindent"} - B { ctr } - C { {@Code "left"}, {@Code "ctr"}, {@Code "mctr"}, {@Code "right"}, or any -length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " hstrut"} - B { no } - C { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, or any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " hmargin" } - B { margin } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " leftmargin" } - B { hmargin } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " rightmargin" } - B { hmargin } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabel"} - B { } - C { any object } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabelmargin"} - B { 0.2f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabelfont"} - B { -2p } - C { any value suitable for the @Code "@Font" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabelbreak"} - B { ragged nohyphen } - C { any value suitable for the @Code "@Break" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabelformat"} - B { "@Body" } - C { any object, usually containing @Code "@Body" } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabelpos"} - B { } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabelangle"} - B { horizontal } - C { {@Code horizontal}, {@Code aligned}, or {@Code perpendicular}; -{@Code parallel}, {@Code antiparallel}, or any @I angle } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabelprox"} - B { outside } - C { {@Code above}, {@Code below}, {@Code left}, {@Code right}, -{@Code inside}, or {@Code outside}; {@Code CTR}, {@Code N}, {@Code S}, -{@Code E}, {@Code W}, {@Code NE}, {@Code NW}, {@Code SW}, {@Code SE}, -{@Code NNW}, {@Code NNE}, {@Code SSW}, or {@Code SSE} -} -@Rowa - A { " nodelabelctr"} - B { no } - C { @Code yes or @Code no } -@Rowa - A { " nodelabeladjust"} - B { 0 0 } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " alabelpos"} - B { NE } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " blabelpos"} - B { NW } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " clabelpos"} - B { SW } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " dlabelpos"} - B { SE } - C { any @I point } -} -@DP -Here is the complete list of standard link paths that may be given -to the @Code "@Link" symbol. Each entry shows the link path name, -any extra options relevant to this path, segments (shown using -{@Code "outlinestyle { solid dashed }"}, and tags. All tags -have directions pointing along the link from @Code FROM to -{@Code TO}; these have been omitted for clarity. The @Code frompt -and @Code topt options of @Code bezier are compulsory and denote the -two control points (Section {@NumberOf dia_defi}). -@IndentedList gap { 2v } - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { line }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { line } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -#@Diag { -#|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -#// -#@ShowTags @Link -# pathstyle { solid dashed } -# path { line } from { A } to { B } -#} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { doubleline }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { doubleline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -#@Diag { -#|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -#// -#@ShowTags @Link -# pathstyle { solid dashed } -# path { line } from { A } to { B } -#} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { curve }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { curve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { curve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { ccurve }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { ccurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { ccurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { bezier }" -" frompt { A@CTR ++ { 3f 0 } }" -" topt { B@CTR ++ { 3f 0 } }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { bezier } from { A } to { B } - frompt { A@CTR ++ { 3f 0 } } - topt { B@CTR ++ { 3f 0 } } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { bezier } from { A } to { B } - frompt { A@CTR ++ { 3f 0 } } - topt { B@CTR ++ { 3f 0 } } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { vhline }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { vhline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { vhline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { hvline }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { hvline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { hvline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LII { -In the following links, the @Code radius option determines the -radius of the curved corners of the link. -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { vhcurve }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { vhcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { vhcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { hvcurve }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { hvcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { hvcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LII { -In the following links, the @Code bias option determines how far -the link extends to the left of the leftmost node, or to the -right of the rightmost node. -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { lvrline }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { lvrline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { lvrline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { rvlline }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { rvlline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { rvlline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { lvrcurve }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { lvrcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { lvrcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { rvlcurve }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { rvlcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { rvlcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { dhuline }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle /2f -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { dhuline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle /2f -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { dhuline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { uhdline }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//2.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { uhdline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//2.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { uhdline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { dhucurve }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle /2f -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { dhucurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle /2f -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { dhucurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { uhdcurve }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//2.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { uhdcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//2.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { uhdcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LII { -In the following links, the @Code "hfrac" and @Code "hbias" options -determine how far across from @Code "FROM" to @Code "TO" the path turns -vertical: a fraction @Code "hfrac" of the way across, plus a distance -{@Code "hbias"}. The default settings shown make this point halfway; by -changing @Code "hfrac" to 0 and giving a length to {@Code "hbias"}, one can -select a particular distance, rather than a fraction of the total distance. -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { hvhline }" -" hfrac { 0.5 }" -" hbias { 0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { hvhline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { hvhline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { hvhcurve }" -" hfrac { 0.5 }" -" hbias { 0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { hvhcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { hvhcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { vhvline }" -" hfrac { 0.5 }" -" hbias { 0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /1.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { vhvline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /1.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { vhvline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { vhvcurve }" -" hfrac { 0.5 }" -" hbias { 0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /1.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { vhvcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /1.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { vhvcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LII { -In the following links, the @Code "fbias" option determines -how far the curve extends away from the FROM node; the -@Code "tbias" option determines how far it extends away from -the TO node; and the @Code "bias" option determines how far -it extends above the higher or below the lower node. -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { dwrapline }" -" tbias { 2.0f }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -" fbias { 2.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle /2f -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { dwrapline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle /2f -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { dwrapline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { uwrapline }" -" tbias { 2.0f }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -" fbias { 2.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -/2f A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { uwrapline } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -/2f |1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { uwrapline } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { dwrapcurve }" -" tbias { 2.0f }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -" fbias { 2.0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle /2f -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { dwrapcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -|1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle /2f -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { dwrapcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@LI { -@Code { -"@Link" -" path { uwrapcurve }" -" tbias { 2.0f }" -" bias { 2.0f }" -" fbias { 2.0f }" -" radius { 1.0f }" -} -||6ct -@Diag { -//0.5f -/2f A:: @Circle /0.8c |1.5c B:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { uwrapcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -&2.5c -@Diag { -//0.5f -/2f |1.5c B:: @Circle /0.8c A:: @Circle -// -@ShowTags @Link - pathstyle { solid dashed } - path { uwrapcurve } from { A } to { B } -} -} - -@EndList -Here is the list of abbreviations for the standard paths (note -that @Code curve and @Code acurve are the same). Each -path also has an abbreviation which adds a forward arrow: -@DP -@Tab - @Fmta { @Col { @DisplayIndent @Wide & @Code { path "{" A "}" } } ! - @Col @Code "@"B ! @Col @Code "@"C } -{ -@FirstRowa - A { line } - B { Line } - C { Arrow } -@Rowa - A { doubleline } - B { DoubleLine } - C { DoubleArrow } -@Rowa - A { curve } - B { Curve } - C { CurveArrow } -@Rowa - A { acurve } - B { ACurve } - C { ACurveArrow } -@Rowa - A { ccurve } - B { CCurve } - C { CCurveArrow } - -@Rowa - A { bezier } - B { Bezier } - C { BezierArrow } - -@Rowa - A { hvline } - B { HVLine } - C { HVArrow } -@Rowa - A { vhline } - B { VHLine } - C { VHArrow } -@Rowa - A { hvcurve } - B { HVCurve } - C { HVCurveArrow } -@Rowa - A { vhcurve } - B { VHCurve } - C { VHCurveArrow } - -@Rowa - A { lvrline } - B { LVRLine } - C { LVRArrow } -@Rowa - A { rvlline } - B { RVLLine } - C { RVLArrow } -@Rowa - A { lvrcurve } - B { LVRCurve } - C { LVRCurveArrow } -@Rowa - A { rvlcurve } - B { RVLCurve } - C { RVLCurveArrow } - -@Rowa - A { dhuline } - B { DHULine } - C { DHUArrow } -@Rowa - A { uhdline } - B { UHDLine } - C { UHDArrow } -@Rowa - A { dhucurve } - B { DHUCurve } - C { DHUCurveArrow } -@Rowa - A { uhdcurve } - B { RVLCurve } - C { RVLCurveArrow } - -@Rowa - A { hvhline } - B { HVHLine } - C { HVHArrow } -@Rowa - A { vhvline } - B { VHVLine } - C { VHVArrow } -@Rowa - A { hvhcurve } - B { HVHCurve } - C { HVHCurveArrow } -@Rowa - A { vhvcurve } - B { VHVCurve } - C { VHVCurveArrow } - -@Rowa - A { dwrapline } - B { DWrapLine } - C { DWrapArrow } -@Rowa - A { uwrapline } - B { UWrapLine } - C { UWrapArrow } -@Rowa - A { dwrapcurve } - B { DWrapCurve } - C { DWrapCurveArrow } -@Rowa - A { uwrapcurve } - B { UWrapCurve } - C { UWrapCurveArrow } -} -@DP -Here is the complete list of options to the @Code "@Link" symbol. The -options related to {@Code xlabel}, {@Code ylabel}, and {@Code zlabel} -have been omitted where they are the same as the {@Code linklabel} options. -@DP -1fx @Break @Tab - hmargin { 1s } - # vmargin { 0.6vx } - @Fmth { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code " " ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code " " ! - @Col 0.3c @Wide ! @Col C } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code "}" ! - @Col 0.3c @Wide ! @Col C } -{ -@Rowh - A { "@Link" } -@Rowa - A { " path" } - B { line } - C { {@Code "line"}, {@Code "doubleline"}, {@Code "curve"}, {@Code "acurve"}, -{@Code "ccurve"}, {@Code "bezier"}, -{@Code "vhline"}, {@Code "hvline"}, {@Code "vhcurve"}, {@Code "hvcurve"}, -{@Code "lvrline"}, {@Code "rvlline"}, {@Code "lvrcurve"}, {@Code "rvlcurve"}, -{@Code "dhuline"}, {@Code "uhdline"}, {@Code "dhucurve"}, {@Code "uhdcurve"}, -{@Code "hvhline"}, {@Code "vhvline"}, {@Code "hvhcurve"}, {@Code "vhvcurve"}, -{@Code "dwrapline"}, {@Code "uwrapline"}, {@Code "dwrapcurve"}, -{@Code "uwrapcurve"}, or any path } -@Rowa - A { " from"} - B { 0,0 } - C { any @I point or node label } -@Rowa - A { " to"} - B { 1,1 } - C { any @I point or node label } -@Rowa - A { " bias"} - B { 2.0f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " fbias"} - B { 2.0f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " tbias"} - B { 2.0f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " hfrac"} - B { 0.5 } - C { any fractional @I number } -@Rowa - A { " hbias"} - B { 0.0f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " radius"} - B { 1.0f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " xindent"} - B { 0.8f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " zindent"} - B { 0.8f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " frompt"} - B { 0 0 } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " topt"} - B { 0 0 } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " pathstyle" } - B { solid } - C { {@Code solid}, {@Code dashed}, {@Code cdashed}, {@Code dotted}, -{@Code dotdashed}, {@Code dotcdashed}, {@Code dotdotdashed}, -{@Code dotdotcdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotcdashed}, -{@Code noline}, or any sequence of one or more of these values } -@Rowa - A { " pathdashlength"} - B { 0.2f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " pathwidth" } - B { thin } - C { {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " pathcolour" } - B { nochange } - C { @Code nochange or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowa - A { " pathgap" } - B { thin } - C { {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " arrow"} - B { no } - C { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, {@Code forward}, {@Code back}, -or {@Code both} } -@Rowa - A { " arrowstyle"} - B { solid } - C { {@Code solid}, {@Code solidwithbar}, {@Code halfopen}, {@Code open}, -{@Code curvedsolid}, {@Code curvedhalfopen}, {@Code curvedopen}, -{@Code circle}, {@Code box}, or {@Code many} } -@Rowa - A { " arrowwidth"} - B { 0.3f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " arrowlength"} - B { 0.5f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " backarrowstyle"} - B { solid } - C { {@Code solid}, {@Code solidwithbar}, {@Code halfopen}, {@Code open}, -{@Code curvedsolid}, {@Code curvedhalfopen}, {@Code curvedopen}, -{@Code circle}, {@Code box}, or {@Code many} } -@Rowa - A { " backarrowwidth"} - B { 0.3f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " backarrowlength"} - B { 0.5f } - C { any @I length } -@Rowa - A { " linklabel"} - B { } - C { any object } -@Rowa - A { " linklabelmargin"} - B { 0.2f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " linklabelfont"} - B { -2p } - C { any value suitable for the @Code "@Font" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " linklabelbreak"} - B { ragged nohyphen } - C { any value suitable for the @Code "@Break" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " linklabelformat"} - B { "@Body" } - C { any object, usually containing @Code "@Body" } -@Rowa - A { " linklabelpos"} - B { } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " linklabelangle"} - B { horizontal } - C { {@Code horizontal}, {@Code aligned}, or {@Code perpendicular}; -{@Code parallel}, {@Code antiparallel}, or any @I angle } -@Rowa - A { " linklabelprox"} - B { above } - C { {@Code above}, {@Code below}, {@Code left}, {@Code right}, -{@Code inside}, or {@Code outside}; {@Code CTR}, {@Code N}, {@Code S}, -{@Code E}, {@Code W}, {@Code NE}, {@Code NW}, {@Code SW}, {@Code SE}, -{@Code NNW}, {@Code NNE}, {@Code SSW}, or {@Code SSE} -} -@Rowa - A { " linklabelctr"} - B { no } - C { @Code yes or @Code no } -@Rowa - A { " linklabeladjust"} - B { 0 0 } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " xlabelpos"} - B { LFROM } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " ylabelpos"} - B { LMID } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " ylabelctr"} - B { yes } - C { @Code yes or @Code no } -@Rowa - A { " zlabelpos"} - B { LTO } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabel"} - B { } - C { any object } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabelmargin"} - B { 0f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabelfont"} - B { "-2p" } - C { Any value suitable for the @Code "@Font" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabelbreak"} - B { ragged nohyphen } - C { Any value suitable for the @Code "@Break" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabelformat"} - B { "@Body" } - C { any object, usually containing @Code "@Body" } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabelpos"} - B { FROM } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabelangle"} - B { antiparallel } - C { {@Code horizontal}, {@Code aligned}, or {@Code perpendicular}; -{@Code parallel}, {@Code antiparallel}, or any @I angle } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabelprox"} - B { W } - C { {@Code above}, {@Code below}, {@Code left}, {@Code right}, -{@Code inside}, or {@Code outside}; {@Code CTR}, {@Code N}, {@Code S}, -{@Code E}, {@Code W}, {@Code NE}, {@Code NW}, {@Code SW}, {@Code SE}, -{@Code NNW}, {@Code NNE}, {@Code SSW}, or {@Code SSE} -} -@Rowa - A { " fromlabelctr"} - B { no } - C { @Code yes or @Code no } -@Rowa - A { " fromlabeladjust"} - B { 0 0 } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " tolabel"} - B { } - C { any object } -@Rowa - A { " tolabelmargin"} - B { 0f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " tolabelfont"} - B { "-2p" } - C { Any value suitable for the @Code "@Font" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " tolabelbreak"} - B { ragged nohyphen } - C { Any value suitable for the @Code "@Break" symbol } -@Rowa - A { " tolabelformat"} - B { "@Body" } - C { any object, usually containing @Code "@Body" } -@Rowa - A { " tolabelpos"} - B { TO } - C { any @I point } -@Rowa - A { " tolabelangle"} - B { parallel } - C { {@Code horizontal}, {@Code aligned}, or {@Code perpendicular}; -{@Code parallel}, {@Code antiparallel}, or any @I angle } -@Rowa - A { " tolabelprox"} - B { W } - C { {@Code above}, {@Code below}, {@Code left}, {@Code right}, -{@Code inside}, or {@Code outside}; {@Code CTR}, {@Code N}, {@Code S}, -{@Code E}, {@Code W}, {@Code NE}, {@Code NW}, {@Code SW}, {@Code SE}, -{@Code NNW}, {@Code NNE}, {@Code SSW}, or {@Code SSE} -} -@Rowa - A { " tolabelctr"} - B { no } - C { @Code yes or @Code no } -@Rowa - A { " tolabeladjust"} - B { 0 0 } - C { any @I point } -} -@DP -Here is the complete list of options to the @Code "@Tree" symbol: -@DP @OneRow 1fx @Break @Tab - hmargin { 1s } - # vmargin { 0.6vx } - @Fmth { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code " " ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code " " ! - @Col 1.0c @Wide ! @Col C } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code "}" ! - @Col 1.0c @Wide ! @Col C } -{ -@Rowh - A { "@Tree" } -@Rowa - A { " treehindent" } - B { ctr } - C { {@Code left}, {@Code ctr}, {@Code right}, or any length from -Section {@NumberOf objects} } -} -@DP -The @Code "@HTree" option has a similar @Code "treevindent" option, -which may be {@Code "top"}, {@Code ctr}, {@Code foot}, or any length -from Section {@NumberOf objects}. -@PP -Here are all the syntax diagrams symbols, used within {@Code "@SyntaxDiag"} -usually but also available within {@Code "@Diag"}. To begin with we have -the six starter symbols: -@CD @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell | @Cell @Code C | - @Cell D | @Cell | @Cell @Code E | @Cell F } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@StartRight ..." } - B { @StartRight @ACell "..." } - C { "@StartUp ..." } - D { @StartUp @ACell "..." } - E { -"@StartRightRight" - "A { ... }" - "B { ... }" -} - F { @StartRightRight A { @ACell A } B { @ACell B } } -@Rowa - A { "@StartLeft ..." } - B { @StartLeft @ACell "..." } - C { "@StartDown ..." } - D { @StartDown @ACell "..." } - E { -"@StartRightDown" - "A { ... }" - "B { ... }" -} - F { @StartRightDown A { @ACell A } B { @ACell B } } -} -} -And here are all the syntax diagram types, shown in all four directions -(right, up, left, and down). @Code "@Sequence" and @Code "@Select" may -have up to twelve options, {@Code "A"} to {@Code "L"}. -@IndentedList - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@ACell ..." } @ACell "..." } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@BCell ..." } @BCell "..." } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@CCell ..." } @CCell "..." } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@Skip" } @Skip } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { -"@Sequence" - "A { ... }" - "B { ... }" - "C { ... }" -} @Sequence A { @ACell A } B { @ACell B } C { @ACell C } } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { -"@Select" - "A { ... }" - "B { ... }" - "C { ... }" -} @Select A { @ACell A } B { @ACell B } C { @ACell C } } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@Optional ..." } @Optional @ACell "..." } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@OptionalDiverted ..." } - @OptionalDiverted @ACell "..." } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@Diverted ..." } @Diverted @ACell "..." } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { -"@OneOrBoth" - "A { ... }" - "B { ... }" -} @OneOrBoth A { @ACell A } B { @ACell B } } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { -"@Loop" - "A { ... }" - "B { ... }" -} @Loop A { @ACell A } B { @ACell B } } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@Repeat ..." } @Repeat @ACell "..." } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { -"@LoopOpposite" - "A { ... }" - "B { ... }" -} @LoopOpposite A { @ACell A } B { @ACell B } } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@RepeatOpposite ..." } - @RepeatOpposite @ACell "..." } - -@LI @SyntaxDiag { @Four code { "@RepeatDiverted ..." } - @RepeatDiverted @ACell "..." } - -@EndList -The @Code "@Diag" symbol and to the {@Code "@DiagSetup"} setup -file symbol have all of the options of {@Code "@Node"}, {@Code "@Link"}, -{@Code "@Tree"}, and {@Code "@HTree"}. They also have the following -options: -@DP -1fx @Break @Tab - hmargin { 1s } - # vmargin { 0.6vx } - @Fmth { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code " " ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code " " ! - @Col 1.0c @Wide ! @Col C } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code "}" ! - @Col 1.0c @Wide ! @Col C } -{ -@Rowh - A { "@Diag" } -@Rowa - A { " maxlabels" } - B { 200 } - C { any whole number } -@Rowa - A { " save" } - B { no } - C { @Code no or @Code yes } -@Rowa - A { " treehsep" } - B { 0.5f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " syntaxgap" } - B { 0.35f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " syntaxbias" } - B { 1.0f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -@Rowa - A { " syntaxradius" } - B { 0.3f } - C { any length from Section {@NumberOf objects} } -} -@DP -The following lists define all the ways to specify numbers, lengths, -angles, points, and booleans. Brief explanations appear to the right, -with the symbols' precedences in parentheses. -@DP -1fx @Break @Tab - # vmargin { 0.6vx } - @Fmth { @Col { &@DisplayIndent A } ! @Col } - @Fmta { @Col { &@DisplayIndent &2s A } ! @Col B } -{ - -@Rowh A { @I number } vmargin { 0.2vx } -@Rowh -@Rowa - A { {@Sym minus}27.56 } - B { or any literal number } -@Rowa - A { @Code sqrt @I number } - B { square root (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code abs @I number } - B { absolute value (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code ceiling @I number } - B { least integer greater than or equal to (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code floor @I number } - B { greatest integer less than or equal to (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code truncate @I number } - B { delete fractional part (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code round @I number } - B { round to nearest integer (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code sin @I angle } - B { sine of angle measured in degrees (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code cos @I angle } - B { cosine of angle measured in degrees (99) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code atan @I number } - B { arc tangent of first over second (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code exp @I number } - B { first number raised to second number (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code log @I number } - B { logarithm of second number to base first (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code rand @I number } - B { random real number in this range inclusive (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code max @I number } - B { the larger of two numbers (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code min @I number } - B { the smaller of two numbers (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "*" @I number } - B { the product of two numbers (97) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "/" @I number } - B { real-valued division (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code "/" @I length } - B { the ratio of two lengths (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @I angle @Code "/" @I angle } - B { the ratio of two angles (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code idiv @I number } - B { integer division of two numbers (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code mod @I number } - B { integer remainder when first divided by second (96) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "+" @I number } - B { sum of two numbers (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "+" @I number } - B { identity operation (96) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Sym minus @I number } - B { difference of two numbers (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @Sym minus @I number } - B { negation (96) } -@Rowa - A { @Code sides } - B { ({@Code outline} only) value of the node's @Code sides option } - -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh A { @I length } vmargin { 0.2vx } -@Rowh -@Rowa - A { 0 } - B { zero } -@Rowa - A { @Code xsize } - B { ({@Code outline} only) distance to right boundary } -@Rowa - A { @Code ysize } - B { ({@Code outline} only) distance to top boundary } -@Rowa - A { @Code xmark } - B { ({@Code outline} only) distance to column mark } -@Rowa - A { @Code ymark } - B { ({@Code outline} only) distance to row mark } -@Rowa - A { @Code margin } - B { ({@Code outline} only) value of the node's @Code margin option } -@Rowa - A { @Code shadow } - B { ({@Code outline} only) value of the node's @Code shadow option } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code i } - B { @I number inches (100) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code c } - B { @I number centimetres (100) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code p } - B { @I number points (100) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code m } - B { @I number ems (100) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code s } - B { @Code 1s is the current width of a space (100) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code v } - B { @Code 1v is the current inter-line space (100) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code f } - B { @Code 1f is the size of the current font (100) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "xcoord" @I point } - B { the @I x coordinate of the point (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "ycoord" @I point } - B { the @I y coordinate of the point (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code abs @I length } - B { absolute value (99) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code rand @I length } - B { random real length in this range inclusive (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code max @I length } - B { the larger of two lengths (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code min @I length } - B { the smaller of two lengths (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I point @Code "distance" @I point } - B { (non-negative) distance between two points (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code "*" @I number } - B { length multiplied by number (97) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "*" @I length } - B { length multiplied by number (97) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code "/" @I number } - B { length divided by number (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code "+" @I length } - B { sum of two lengths (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "+" @I length } - B { identity operation (96) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Sym minus @I length } - B { difference of two lengths (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @Sym minus @I length } - B { negation (96) } - -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh A { @I angle } vmargin { 0.2vx } -@Rowh -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code d } - B { @I number degrees (100) } -@Rowa - A { @I number } - B { @I number degrees (@Code d is optional) (100) } -@Rowa - A { @Code parallel } - B { ({@Code labelangle} options only) angle parallel to curve at label point } -@Rowa - A { @Code antiparallel } - B { ({@Code labelangle} options only) angle antiparallel to curve at label point } -@Rowa - A { @Code perpendicular } - B { ({@Code labelangle} options only) angle perpendicular to curve at label point } -@Rowa - A { @Code antiperpendicular } - B { ({@Code labelangle} options only) angle antiperpendicular to curve at label point } -@Rowa - A { {@I label}{@Code "??ANGLE"} } - B { angle parallel to curve at {@I label} if known, else @Code "0d" (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code anglefix @I angle } - B { @I angle normalized to between @Code 0d inclusive and @Code 360d exclusive (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code abs @I angle } - B { absolute value (99) } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code atan @I length } - B { arc tangent of first over second (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I point @Code "angleto" @I point } - B { angle from first point to second (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I angle @Code rand @I angle } - B { random angle in this range inclusive (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I angle @Code max @I angle } - B { the larger of two angles (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I angle @Code min @I angle } - B { the smaller of two angles (98) } -@Rowa - A { @I angle @Code "*" @I number } - B { angle multiplied by number (97) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "*" @I angle } - B { angle multiplied by number (97) } -@Rowa - A { @I angle @Code "/" @I number } - B { division of angle by number (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @I angle @Code "+" @I angle } - B { sum of two angles (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "+" @I angle } - B { identity operation (96) } -@Rowa - A { @I angle @Sym minus @I angle } - B { difference of two angles (96, left associative) } -@Rowa - A { @Sym minus @I angle } - B { negation (96) } -@Rowa - A { @Code angle } - B { ({@Code outline} only) value of the node's @Code angle option } - - -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh A { @I point } vmargin { 0.2vx } -@Rowh -@Rowa - A { @I label } - B { a previously defined label } -@Rowa - A { {@I any}{@Code "??"}{@I label} } - B { {@I any}{@Code "@"}{@I label} if sensible, else {@I any} (99) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "prev" } - B { the previous point in a shape } -@Rowa - A { @I length @Code "atangle" @I angle } - B { point at distance and angle from origin (89) } -@Rowa - A { @I "point/tag" @Code "boundaryatangle" @I angle } - B { @I {point}, or point on boundary of @I tag at @I angle (89) } -@Rowa - A { @I point @Code "**" @I number } - B { multiplication of point by number (88) } -@Rowa - A { @I point @Code "++" @I point } - B { vector sum of two points (87) } -@Rowa - A { @I point {@Sym minus}{@Sym minus} @I point } - B { vector difference of two points (87) } -@Rowa - A { @I {number, number} } - B { @I x and @I y coordinates with respect to base (70) } -@Rowa - A { @I {length length} } - B { @I x and @I y distance from origin (5) } -@Rowa - A { @Code from } - B { ({@Code path} only) the value of the link's @Code from option } -@Rowa - A { @Code to } - B { ({@Code path} only) the value of the link's @Code to option } - -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh -@Rowh A { @I boolean } vmargin { 0.2vx } -@Rowh -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "=" @I number } - B { @M { non = }; also between lengths (79) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "!=" @I number } - B { @M { non != }; also between lengths (79) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "==" @I number } - B { @M { non = } between angles (79) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "!==" @I number } - B { @M { non != } between angles (79) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "<=" @I number } - B { @M { non <= }; also between lengths (79) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code "<" @I number } - B { @M { non < }; also between lengths (79) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code ">=" @I number } - B { @M { non >= }; also between lengths (79) } -@Rowa - A { @I number @Code ">" @I number } - B { @M { non > }; also between lengths (79) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "not" @I boolean } - B { Logical not (78) } -@Rowa - A { @I boolean @Code "and" @I boolean } - B { Logical and (77) } -@Rowa - A { @I boolean @Code "or" @I boolean } - B { Logical or (76) } -@Rowa - A { @I boolean @Code "xor" @I boolean } - B { Logical exclusive or (76) } - -} -@DP -A length is represented in PostScript by a single number on the operand -stack; so is an angle. Therefore all number operations can be applied -to lengths and angles as well, but the results will not always be -useful. For example, rounding a length to the nearest integer is -not a useful thing to do because the result depends on the basic unit -(what does 1 equal as a length?) which is implementation-dependent and -genuinely subject to change. Rounding the @I ratio of two lengths does -make sense. The above is an attempt to list only the useful operations; -but if you really need the logarithm of an angle, you can have it. -@PP -Angles are a little more amenable to this kind of thing because they are -always measured in degrees. However, angles suffer from the problem that -{@Code 0d} is really the same angle as {@Code 360d}. For this reason, -separate equality and inequality operators for angles are provided which -ignore multiples of {@Code 360d}, and less than and similar relations -are not defined for angles, because they inherently are not well -defined. See also the @Code anglefix symbol above. -@PP -A point is represented by two lengths (which are numbers) on the -stack. Those familiar with PostScript and willing to sacrifice portability -and increase their risk of error can therefore write, for example, -@OneCol { @I point @Code "exch" } to obtain the reflection of a point about -the main diagonal, and so on. -@PP -The following may have a result of any type, depending on -their options. The options and result may be a -sequence of things as required in shapes, including @Code "[]" and -so forth. -@IndentedList -@LI @OneRow lines @Break { -@Code if - @Code "cond {" @I boolean @Code "}" - @Code "then {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "else {" @I anything @Code "}" -} -@LI @OneRow lines @Break { -@I angle @Code quadcase - @Code "0 {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "0-90 {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "90 {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "90-180 {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "180 {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "180-270 {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "270 {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "270-360 {" @I anything @Code "}" -} -@LI @OneRow lines @Break { -@I number @Code signcase - @Code "neg {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "zero {" @I anything @Code "}" - @Code "pos {" @I anything @Code "}" -} -@LI @OneRow lines @Break { -@Code "xloop from {" @I number "} to {" @I number "} by {" @I number "} do {" - @I anything -@Code "}" -} -@LI @OneRow lines @Break { -@Code "yloop from {" @I number "} to {" @I number "} by {" @I number "} do {" - @I anything -@Code "}" -} -@LI @OneRow lines @Break { -@Code "zloop from {" @I number "} to {" @I number "} by {" @I number "} do {" - @I anything -@Code "}" -} -@EndList -The @Code "if" symbol returns @Code "then" or @Code "else" depending on -the value of {@Code "cond"}, and @Code "signcase" returns {@Code "neg"}, -{@Code zero}, or {@Code pos} depending on whether @I number (which -may also be an angle or a length) is negative, zero, or positive. The -@Code "quadcase" symbol decides whether the given angle points in -one of the four horizontal or vertical directions, or into the quadrants -between them, and returns the appropriate option. Don't be misled by -the unorthodox option names; it is not possible to give your own -ranges, only these ones. -@PP -The loops return a sequence of -repetitions of {@I anything}; any occurrences of {@Code x} in -{@Code xloop} will be replaced by the current value of the loop counter, -and similarly for the other loops. -@PP -Symbols not covered in this summary are the retagging symbol @Code "::" -(Section {@NumberOf dia_tags}); the symbols available within the -{@Code "@Tree"} symbol (Section {@NumberOf dia_posi}); and {@Code ":<"}, -{@Code ":="}, {@Code "@ShowPoints"}, {@Code "@ShowTags"}, and -{@Code "@ShowDirections"} from Section {@NumberOf dia_defi}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_synt b/doc/doc/user/dia_synt deleted file mode 100644 index de0811c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_synt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,604 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_synt } - @Title { Syntax diagrams } -@Begin -@PP -A variant of the @@Diag symbol, called {@Code "@SyntaxDiag"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.syntax @SubIndex { syntax diagrams } -syntax.diagrams @Index { syntax diagrams } -railroad.diagrams @Index { railroad diagrams } -produces syntax diagrams (sometimes called railroad diagrams): -@CD @SyntaxDiag - title { call-chain } -{ - @StartRight @Sequence - A { @Optional @Sequence - A { @BCell "super" } - B { @CCell "!" } - } - B { @Loop - A { @Sequence - A { @ACell identifier } - B { @Optional @Sequence - A { @CCell "(" } - B { @Loop - A { @ACell expression } - B { @CCell "," } - } - C { @CCell ")" } - } - } - B { @CCell "." } - } -} -These are used to define the syntax of computer programming languages, -although they could be put to other uses. We'll explain how to get -syntax diagrams first. At the end of this section is an explanation of -how to change the formats of things, which people who use these diagrams -for other purposes will probably need to do. -@PP -A syntax diagram can be @I { right-moving }, which means it starts -at the left and heads right (like the example above), or it can be -@I { down-moving }, starting at the top and heading downwards. The -@Code "@StartRight" and @Code "@StartDown" symbols are used at the start -of the diagram to say which of these directions is wanted: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@SyntaxDiag - title { call-chain } -{ - @StartRight ... -} -} -where @Code { ... } stands for the rest of the diagram, as we are about -to describe. For completeness there are also @Code "@StartLeft" and -@Code "@StartUp" symbols, but diagrams never start off in these directions. -@PP -If you accidentally omit the starting symbol ({@Code "@StartRight"} or -whatever), you will get several error messages, the first of which -should mention @Code { diag_dirn }; it is trying to tell you, in a -cryptic way, that it doesn't know which direction you want to go in. -@PP -The @Code title option is optional; if given, the effect is as shown -(this option is also available with {@Code "@Diag"}). Subsequent -examples will omit the enclosing {@Code "@SyntaxDiag { ... }"}. -@PP -The basic components of syntax diagrams are @I { category cells }, -shown as boxes in the example above and obtained with the -@Code "@ACell" symbol; @I { keyword cells }, shown as curved boxes -and obtained with {@Code "@BCell"}; and @I { punctuation cells }, -containing symbols small enough to be enclosed in circles, and -obtained with {@Code "@CCell"}. After each symbol, place whatever -has to go inside the cell: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { @StartRight @BCell loop } -|7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @BCell loop -} -} -Lout will insert the appropriate arrows, taking account of which -direction (right, up, left, or down) the diagram is currently -moving. This is true for all the syntax diagram symbols; we -won't mention it again. -# @FootNote { -# This wonderfully useful effect is achieved by a dirty trick, one -# of whose consequences is that if you see an error message -# similar to `@Code { replacing unknown "@Case" option 0p by 1p }' -# it means you've forgotten the initial @Code "@StartRight" or -# whatever. -# } -@PP -Occasionally, instead of a cell one wants the horizontal or -vertical line to continue uninterrupted. For this there is -the @Code "@Skip" symbol: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { @StartDown @Skip } -|7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartDown @Skip -} -} -Some examples of its use in practice appear below. -@PP -There are three main ways to build up larger syntax diagrams out -of smaller ones: @I { sequencing }, @I { selection }, and -@I { looping }. For sequencing there is the @Code "@Sequence" symbol: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @Sequence - A { @BCell loop } - B { @ACell statements } - C { @BCell end } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @Sequence - A { @BCell loop } - B { @ACell statements } - C { @BCell end } -} -} -This is what the sequence looks like in the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartUp A | @Cell @StartLeft A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartDown A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@Sequence - A { @BCell loop } - B { @ACell statements } - C { @BCell end } -} -} } -Whatever the direction, the arrows go from option @Code A to option @Code B -to option @Code C and so on. You can have up to twelve items in the -sequence, in options @Code A to {@Code L}; if more than twelve are needed, -just place another sequence inside any one of these options: where one -syntax diagram is allowed, any syntax diagram is allowed, provided there -is enough space on the page (Lout makes a total mess of any diagram that -is too wide to fit on the page). -@PP -After sequencing comes selection, which is obtained with the -@Code "@Select" symbol: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @Select - A { @ACell asst } - B { @ACell call-chain } - C { @Sequence - A { @BCell assert } - B { @ACell condition } - } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @Select - A { @ACell asst } - B { @ACell call-chain } - C { @Sequence - A { @BCell assert } - B { @ACell condition } - } -} -} -This example shows right-moving selection of three alternatives, -the third being a sequence of things. Here is the same example -in the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartUp A | @Cell @StartLeft A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartDown A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@Select - A { @ACell asst } - B { @ACell call-chain } - C { @Sequence - A { @BCell assert } - B { @ACell condition } - } -} } } -When building up complex diagrams like this, it pays to keep the indenting -perfect in the source document. As with sequences, there can be -up to twelve alternatives, in options from @Code A to {@Code L}. -@PP -To say that something is @I optional is to select either that thing or -nothing: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @Select - A { @Skip } - B { @ACell parameters } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @Select - A { @Skip } - B { @ACell parameters } -} -} -Since this case is so common, there is an @Code "@Optional" symbol for it: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @Optional -@ACell parameters -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @Optional -@ACell parameters -} -} -@Code "@Optional" is exactly like @Code "@Select" with option @Code A -set to @Code "@Skip" and option @Code B set to the syntax diagram -following the @Code "@Optional" symbol. Here is the same example in -the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartUp A | @Cell @StartLeft A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartDown A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@Optional @ACell parameters -} } } -There is another kind of `optional' layout, {@Code "@OptionalDiverted"}: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartDown @OptionalDiverted -@Sequence - A { @BCell creation } - B { @ACell parameters } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartDown @OptionalDiverted @Sequence - A { @BCell creation } - B { @ACell parameters } -} -} -Here is the same example in the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartRight A | @Cell @StartUp A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartLeft A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@OptionalDiverted @Sequence - A { @BCell creation } - B { @ACell parameters } -} } } -The optional material goes in a direction perpendicular to what -it would have otherwise: right-moving if previously up or down, and -down-moving if previously left or right. -@PP -Another, related symbol is {@Code "@Diverted"}; it is similar to -@Code "@OptionalDiverted" but without the path which produces nothing: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartDown @Diverted @Sequence - A { @BCell creation } - B { @ACell parameters } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartDown @Diverted @Sequence - A { @BCell creation } - B { @ACell parameters } -} -} -Here is the same example in the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartRight A | @Cell @StartUp A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartLeft A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@Diverted @Sequence - A { @BCell creation } - B { @ACell parameters } -} } } -This symbol is a great aid to packing a big syntax diagram into a -compact shape. -@PP -A variant of the basic selection idea is when you want one thing -or another, or alternatively both in a particular order. You can get -this with the @Code "@OneOrBoth" symbol, which takes exactly two -options, @Code "A" and {@Code "B"}: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @OneOrBoth - A { @ACell type } - B { @ACell body } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @OneOrBoth - A { @ACell type } - B { @ACell body } -} -} -Although the concept extends to more than two options, the symbol -doesn't. The summary at the end of this chapter shows the other -three directions. -@PP -That covers sequencing and selection; now for looping. The @Code "@Loop" -symbol produces a loop, with option @Code A going forwards and option -@Code B centred and going backwards: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @Loop - A { @Sequence - A { @ACell identifier } - B { @CCell : } - C { @ACell type } - } - B { @CCell , } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @Loop - A { @Sequence - A { @ACell identifier } - B { @CCell : } - C { @ACell type } - } - B { @CCell , } -} -} -Here is the same example in the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartUp A | @Cell @StartLeft A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartDown A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@Loop - A { @Sequence - A { @ACell identifier } - B { @CCell : } - C { @ACell type } - } - B { @CCell , } -} } } -One common case of looping is to have nothing on the way back. We could -get this by placing @Code "@Skip" in option {@Code B} of {@Code "@Loop"}, -but there is an even easier way, the {@Code "@Repeat"} symbol: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @Repeat -@ACell statement -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @Repeat -@ACell statement -} -} -Here is the same example in the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartUp A | @Cell @StartLeft A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartDown A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@Repeat -@ACell statement -} } } -Occasionally it looks better to have the empty returning arrow go on -the opposite side of the forward part; for that, there are -@Code "@LoopOpposite" and @Code "@RepeatOpposite" symbols: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @LoopOpposite - A { @Sequence - A { @ACell identifier } - B { @CCell : } - C { @ACell type } - } - B { @CCell , } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @LoopOpposite - A { @Sequence - A { @ACell identifier } - B { @CCell : } - C { @ACell type } - } - B { @CCell , } -} -} -Here is the same example in the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartUp A | @Cell @StartLeft A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartDown A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@LoopOpposite - A { @Sequence - A { @ACell identifier } - B { @CCell : } - C { @ACell type } - } - B { @CCell , } -} } } -@Code "@RepeatOpposite" is particularly useful around a large -{@Code "@Select"}: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @RepeatOpposite -@Select - A { @ACell asst } - B { @ACell call-chain } - C { @BCell return } - D { @Sequence - A { @BCell assert } - B { @ACell condition } - } - E { @ACell conditional } - F { @ACell selection } - G { @ACell loop } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @RepeatOpposite -@Select - A { @ACell asst } - B { @ACell call-chain } - C { @BCell return } - D { @Sequence - A { @BCell assert } - B { @ACell condition } - } - E { @ACell conditional } - F { @ACell selection } - G { @ACell loop } -} -} -since it clearly distinguishes the loop from the selection. -@PP -Finally, the @Code "@RepeatDiverted" symbol combines the two ideas -of repetition and diversion: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartDown @RepeatDiverted -@ACell statement -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartDown @RepeatDiverted -@ACell statement -} -} -Here is the same example in the other three directions: -@CD @OneRow @SyntaxDiag { -@Tbl - mh { 1f } - mv { 0i } - iv { top } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @StartRight A | @Cell @StartUp A | - @Cell mr { 0i } @StartLeft A } -{ -@Rowa A { -@RepeatDiverted -@ACell statement -} } } -There is no {@Code "@LoopDiverted"} symbol, for good reason. -@PP -Every syntax diagram, from the simplest to the most complex, has -one arrow going into it, and one coming out. There are no exceptions -to this rule. In most syntax diagrams, these two arrows lie on the -same (invisible) line and point in the same direction, and this is -the direction that we say the diagram is moving. There are two symbols -that produce syntax diagrams that lack this second property. Because -of this lack, these symbols cannot be used at arbitrary places in a -complex diagram; they can only be used instead of the @Code "@StartRight" -or @Code "@StartDown" symbols at the beginning of a diagram. The first -symbol, {@Code "@StartRightDown"}, prints its option @Code A right-moving -and its option @Code B down-moving like this: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRightDown - A { @ACell A } - B { @ACell B } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRightDown - A { @ACell A } - B { @ACell B } -} -} -The second symbol, {@Code "@StartRightRight"}, prints both options -right-moving like this: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRightRight - A { @ACell A } - B { @ACell B } -} -||7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRightRight - A { @ACell A } - B { @ACell B } -} -} -As usual, the options to these symbols may contain arbitrarily complex -syntax diagrams. -@PP -Finally, a few words about changing things. The @Code "@SyntaxDiag" -symbol used the {@Code "@ANode"}, {@Code "@BNode"}, and {@Code "@CNode"} -symbols of @@Diag to construct its three types of cells. In fact, the -@Code "@SyntaxDiag" symbol is nothing more than this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - avalign { mark } - avstrut { yes } - amargin { 0.2f } - aoutline { box } - afont { Italic } - bvalign { mark } - bvstrut { yes } - bmargin { 0.2f } - boutline { curvebox } - bfont { Bold } - cvalign { mark } - cvstrut { yes } - cmargin { 0.2f } - coutline { circle } - chsize { 1f } - arrowlength { 0.4f } -} -So any of the other @Code "@Diag" options can be used freely with -{@Code "@SyntaxDiag"}; and the format of the three cell types can be -changed by using @Code "@Diag" instead of {@Code "@SyntaxDiag"}, and -choosing new values for these (and other) options. For example, if -you need four or five types of cell, just set some @Code { d } and -@Code { e } options and use @Code "@DCell" and @Code "@ECell" in -addition to {@Code "@ACell"}, {@Code "@BCell"}, and {@Code "@CCell"}. -@PP -If there are more than five cell types, it is necessary to fall back -on the {@Code "@XCell"} symbol, which produces a cell without nominating -any particular cell type. After @Code "@XCell" there must be a regular -@Code "@Diag" node, like this: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@StartRight @XCell @Ellipse INIT -} -|7ct -@SyntaxDiag { -@StartRight @XCell @Ellipse INIT -} -} -This way there is no limit to the number of different kinds of cells. -Also, since (for example) @Code "@ACell" is merely an abbreviation for -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @XCell @ANode } -any node options may follow {@Code "@ACell"}, {@Code "@BCell"}, -{@Code "@CCell"}, {@Code "@DCell"}, and {@Code "@ECell"}. The -appearance of the arrows can be changed in the usual way, by -setting options as has been done above for {@Code "arrowlength"}. -@PP -There are three options specifically related to syntax diagrams: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@SyntaxDiag - syntaxgap { 0.35f } - syntaxbias { 1.0f } - syntaxradius { 0.3f } -} -The @Code syntaxgap option determines the spacing between the various -elements; changing it causes the syntax diagrams to be set tighter or -looser in a consistent way. The default value shown is 0.35 times the -current font size. The @Code syntaxbias and @Code syntaxradius -options affect the appearance of curved lines, as in @Code "@RVLCurve" -and its relatives. These options are also available with {@Code "@Diag"}, -and in the setup file. Note however that these options cannot be given to -individual elements in a syntax diagram, only to the diagram as a whole. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_tags b/doc/doc/user/dia_tags deleted file mode 100644 index 71a423d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_tags +++ /dev/null @@ -1,202 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_tags } - @Title { Tags } -@Begin -@PP -In addition to drawing the outline, each of the standard node -types also attaches names, called {@I tags}, to certain points. For -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.tags @SubIndex { tags ({@Code "::"}) } -tags.diagrams @Index { tags ({@Code "::"}) in diagrams } -example, the @Code "@Ellipse" symbol creates nine tags: -@ID { -@Code { -"@Ellipse" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//1.0f -@ShowTags @Ellipse - vsize { 1.5c } - hsize { 3.0c } -} -} -The standard link symbols also create tags: -@ID { -@Code { -"@Link" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -2.5c @High 2c @Wide -// -@ShowTags @Arrow - from { 0,0.8 } - to { 1,0 } -} -} -The names and positions of all standard tags may be found in the summary -(Section {@NumberOf dia_summ}) at the end of this chapter. Each tag -stands for a point, and may be used wherever a point is required: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Ellipse { Hello, world } -// -@Link from { SW } to { SE } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Ellipse { Hello, world } -// -@Link from { SW } to { SE } -} -} -A tag may only be used later in the text of the diagram than the place -where it is defined. -@PP -Standard tags like @Code N and @Code S are not much use as they are, -since in general there will be many nodes and so many @Code N and -@Code S tags. The retagging symbol, {@Code "::"}, solves this problem: -@ID { -@Code { -"A:: @Ellipse" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//1.5f -@ShowTags { -A:: @Ellipse - vsize { 1.5c } - hsize { 3.0c } -} -} -} -Within the following object, the points have their original tags, but -afterwards the names are changed by prefixing the word preceding -{@Code "::"}, plus a @Code "@" character, to each one. These longer -tags may be used exactly like the others: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -A:: @Ellipse { Hello, world } -// -@Link from { A@SW } to { A@SE } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -A:: @Ellipse { Hello, world } -// -@Link from { A@SW } to { A@SE } -} -} -The retagging symbol may be applied to links, and indeed to arbitrary -objects; it will retag every tag within the following object, even -tags that have already been retagged: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -A:: { - 1:: @Ellipse - vsize { 1.0c } - hsize { 2.5c } - @DP - @DP - 2:: @Ellipse - vsize { 1.0c } - hsize { 2.5c } -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -//1.0f -@ShowTags { -A:: { - 1:: @Ellipse - vsize { 1.0c } - hsize { 2.5c } - @DP - @DP - 2:: @Ellipse - vsize { 1.0c } - hsize { 2.5c } -} -} -} -} -In practice one usually only retags individual nodes. It is best to -use only upper-case letters in tags, because Lout and PostScript have -tags of their own containing lower-case letters, and any mixup causes -total disaster. Although the above example uses digits, these can -cause problems since a tag like {@Code "A@1@S"} will be interpreted -by Lout as @Code "A@1" followed by the @Code "@S" small capitals -symbol. (This problem can itself be avoided by enclosing the entire -tag in quotes, as in {@Code "\"A@1@S\""}; this works because tags are -just words to Lout, although they are symbols to PostScript. But -better to avoid the whole problem by not using digits.) -@PP -When a tag lies within the object following some node, it is -automatically retagged in this way with tag {@Code IN}. For example, in -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Square -@Circle Hello -} -the circle lies within the square, and what you get in effect is -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@Square -IN:: @Circle Hello -} -This prevents confusion between the tags of the inner and outer nodes. This -retagging cannot be left to the user's discretion, owing to unexpected -effects on the positioning of labels of the outer node if inner tags are -not retagged. -@PP -Although @Code from and @Code to are just two of several options within -@Code "@Diag" where a point is expected, and so where a tag may be given, -they have a special virtue not shared by other options. It is possible -to give the name of an entire node, not just a tag denoting one point, -to them: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -A:: @Circle -@DP -B:: @Ellipse { Hello, world } -// -@Link from { A } to { B } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -A:: @Circle -@DP -B:: @Ellipse { Hello, world } -// -@Link from { A } to { B } -} -} -This will select a point on the outline of the named node, appropriate -to the type of link being drawn. It is extremely useful, of course, but -potentially confusing: @Code A and @Code B do not denote points and are -not tags, strictly speaking, at all. -@PP -The @Code "::" symbol has a @Code restrict option which can be -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.restrict @SubIndex { @Code "restrict" option } -restrict.diagrams @Index { @Code "restrict" option (diagrams) } -used to save printer memory in deeply nested structures (such as the -syntax diagrams of Section {@NumberOf dia_synt}) by restricting the -tags promoted by @Code "::" to a limited set and discarding the rest: -@ID { -@Code { -"A:: restrict { (E) (W) } @Ellipse" -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@ShowTags { - A:: restrict { (E) (W) } @Ellipse - vsize { 1.5c } - hsize { 3.0c } - } -} -} -The tags to be preserved appear within the @Code restrict option, each -enclosed in parentheses. Care is needed with this option: all of -the listed tags must actually exist in the following object. If not, the -result will be a PostScript error mentioning the @Code get command. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/dia_tree b/doc/doc/user/dia_tree deleted file mode 100644 index 2845b89..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/dia_tree +++ /dev/null @@ -1,417 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { dia_tree } - @Title { Trees } -@Begin -@PP -@@Diag offers some symbols for producing tree diagrams, using the -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.tree @SubIndex { @Code "@Tree" symbol } -tree.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Tree" symbol (diagrams) } -@Code "@Tree" symbol, which may appear anywhere within the nodes part: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Diag { - ... - @Tree { ... } - ... -} -} -Within this symbol, new symbols {@Code "@LeftSub"}, {@Code "@RightSub"}, -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.leftsub @SubIndex { @Code "@LeftSub" symbol } -leftsub.diagrams @Index { @Code "@LeftSub" symbol (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.rightsub @SubIndex { @Code "@RightSub" symbol } -rightsub.diagrams @Index { @Code "@RightSub" symbol (diagrams) } -{@Code "@FirstSub"}, {@Code "@NextSub"}, and {@Code "@StubSub"} become -available. The first two are used to get a (non-empty) binary tree: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Tree { - @Circle A - @LeftSub { - @Circle B - @LeftSub @Square C - @RightSub @Square D - } - @RightSub @Circle E -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Tree { - @Circle A - @LeftSub { - @Circle B - @LeftSub @Square C - @RightSub @Square D - } - @RightSub @Circle E -} -} -} -The root of the tree, which must be a single node but may have any -outline, comes first. After that comes the @Code "@LeftSub" symbol -followed by the left subtree, which must be enclosed in braces unless -it consists of a single node. After that comes the @Code "@RightSub" -symbol followed by the right subtree, again enclosed in braces unless it -consists of a single node. These rules apply recursively and will -produce a binary tree of arbitrary size and depth. If a node has no -left or right subtree, leave out the corresponding @Code "@LeftSub" or -@Code "@RightSub" symbol. -@PP -A similar system using @Code "@FirstSub" and @Code "@NextSub" produces -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.firstsub @SubIndex { @Code "@FirstSub" symbol } -firstsub.diagrams @Index { @Code "@FirstSub" symbol (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.nextsub @SubIndex { @Code "@NextSub" symbol } -nextsub.diagrams @Index { @Code "@NextSub" symbol (diagrams) } -trees in which each node may have arbitrarily many children: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Tree { - @Circle A - @FirstSub { - @Circle B - @FirstSub @Square C - @NextSub @Square D - } - @NextSub @Circle E - @NextSub @Circle F -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Tree { - @Circle A - @FirstSub { - @Circle B - @FirstSub @Square C - @NextSub @Square D - } - @NextSub @Circle E - @NextSub @Circle F -} -} -} -The first subtree is preceded by {@Code "@FirstSub"}, and subsequent -trees are preceded by {@Code "@NextSub"}. The subtrees are spaced -at equal separations from each other, with the root centred over -them, in contrast to the binary tree arrangement in which the two -subtrees are positioned to the left and right of the root, never -intruding into the space beneath it. -@PP -Although each subtree must contain a node for its root, it is not hard -to get around this: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Tree -{ -@Circle -@FirstSub @Circle -@NextSub pathstyle { noline } - @Circle outlinestyle { noline } - ... -@NextSub @Circle -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Tree -{ -@Circle -@FirstSub @Circle -@NextSub pathstyle { noline } - @Circle outlinestyle { noline } - ... -@NextSub @Circle -} -} -} -Clumsy as this is, it often assists in placing the unenclosed object -in a way consistent with the surrounding nodes, and offers margins -and so forth which help with fine-tuning its position. -@PP -The fifth subtree symbol, {@Code "@StubSub"}, produces a stub subtree: -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.stubsub @SubIndex { @Code "@StubSub" symbol } -stubsub.diagrams @Index { @Code "@StubSub" symbol (diagrams) } -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Tree { -@Circle @Math { a } -@StubSub @Math { T tsub a } -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Tree { -@Circle @Math { a } -@StubSub @Math { T tsub a } -} -} -} -Unlike the other subtree symbols, {@Code "@StubSub"} is not followed -by a subtree with a node for its root; rather, it is followed by an -arbitrary object, and the path is drawn around this stub object, which -is placed directly underneath the parent node with zero vertical -separation. In practice, it is usually necessary to attach margins to -the following object; the easiest way to do that is to enclose it in -{@Code "@Box outlinestyle { noline }"}. An example appears below. -@PP -It is possible to mix the three subtree types, by having binary tree -symbols following some nodes, non-binary tree symbols following -others, and a single {@Code "@StubSub"} following others. However, -at any one node the subtrees must be all either binary, non-binary, -or stub. -@PP -The subtree symbols have all of the options of {@Code "@Link"}, and -these apply to the link drawn from the parent of the root of the subtree -to the root of the subtree (or anticlockwise around the stub object): -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Tree { - @Circle A - @LeftSub - arrow { yes } - xlabel { 1 } - @Circle B - @RightSub - arrow { yes } - xlabel { 2 } - @Circle C -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Tree { - @Circle A - @LeftSub - arrow { yes } - xlabel { 1 } - @Circle B - @RightSub - arrow { yes } - xlabel { 2 } - @Circle C -} -} -} -To get reverse arrows use @Code "arrow { back }" as usual. -@PP -The subtree symbols do not need @Code from and @Code to options, -because they already know which nodes they are linking together. However, -you may use @Code from or @Code to to give a tag specifying a particular -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.from @SubIndex { @Code "from" option } -from.diagrams @Index { @Code "from" option (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.to @SubIndex { @Code "to" option } -to.diagrams @Index { @Code "to" option (diagrams) } -point within the node: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Tree { -@Circle -@LeftSub from { S } to { N } - @Isosceles vsize { 2f } -@RightSub from { S } to { N } - @Isosceles vsize { 2f } -} -} -||7ct -@Diag -{ -@Tree { -@Circle -@LeftSub from { S } to { N } - @Isosceles vsize { 2f } -@RightSub from { S } to { N } - @Isosceles vsize { 2f } -} -} -} -In this example both links go from the @Code S tag of the parent node to the -@Code N tag of the child node (at the apex of the iscosceles triangle). These -options also work for {@Code "@StubSub"}, where they refer to the start and -end of the stub path: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Tree { -@Circle @Math { a } -@StubSub from { SW } to { SE } -@Box outlinestyle { noline } - @Math { T tsub a } -} -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Tree { -@Circle @Math { a } -@StubSub from { SW } to { SE } -@Box outlinestyle { noline } - @Math { T tsub a } -} -} -} -and so the tags both refer to points in the parent node in this case. -@PP -The @Code "@LeftSub" and @Code "@RightSub" symbols have variants called -@Code "@ZeroWidthLeftSub" and @Code "@ZeroWidthRightSub" which are the -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.zerowidthleftsub @SubIndex { @Code "@ZeroWidthLeftSub" symbol } -zerowidthleftsub.diagrams @Index { @Code "@ZeroWidthLeftSub" (diagrams) } -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.zerowidthrightsub @SubIndex { @Code "@ZeroWidthRightSub" symbol } -zerowidthrightsub.diagrams @Index { @Code "@ZeroWidthRightSub" (diagrams) } -same except that the resulting subtrees consume no width: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Tree { -@Circle -@LeftSub { - @Circle - @LeftSub @Square - @RightSub @Square -} -@RightSub { - @Circle - @LeftSub { - @Circle - @ZeroWidthLeftSub @Square - @ZeroWidthRightSub @Square - } - @RightSub @Square -} } -} -||7ct -@Diag { -@Tree -{ -@Circle -@LeftSub { - @Circle - @LeftSub @Square - @RightSub @Square -} -@RightSub { - @Circle - @LeftSub { - @Circle - @ZeroWidthLeftSub @Square - @ZeroWidthRightSub @Square - } - @RightSub @Square -} -} -} -} -There is nothing analogous for the other subtree symbols. -@PP -The @Code "@Diag" symbol has a few options for adjusting the appearance -of the tree. The @Code "treehsep" option determines the horizontal space left -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.treehsep @SubIndex { @Code "treehsep" option } -treehsep.diagrams @Index { @Code "treehsep" option (diagrams) } -between a root and its left subtree, between a root and its right subtree, -and between one subtree and the next when @Code "@NextSub" is used. The -@Code "treevsep" option determines the vertical space left between a root -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.treevsep @SubIndex { @Code "treevsep" option } -treevsep.diagrams @Index { @Code "treevsep" option (diagrams) } -and its subtrees: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@Diag - treehsep { 0c } - treevsep { 0c } -{ -@Tree -{ - @Circle A - @LeftSub @Square B - @RightSub @Square C -} -} -} -||7ct -@Diag - treehsep { 0c } - treevsep { 0c } -{ -@Tree -{ - @Circle A - @LeftSub @Square B - @RightSub @Square C -} -} -} -These may also be given to individual subtree symbols; @Code "treevsep" -works only with @Code "@LeftSub" and {@Code "@FirstSub"}, since these -determine the vertical separation of all children of their parent. -@PP -The @Code "treehindent" option determines where the root of a non-binary -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.treehindent @SubIndex { @Code "treehindent" option } -treehindent.diagrams @Index { @Code "treehindent" option (diagrams) } -tree is positioned over its subtrees; the value may be @Code "left" -for at left, @Code "ctr" for centred over them (the default), -@Code "right" for at the right, or any length, meaning that far from -the left. Owing to problems behind the scenes, this option may not be -given to individual subtree symbols; so as a consolation, it is permitted -as an option to the @Code "@Tree" symbol. -@PP -It is not possible to attach tags to nodes within a tree, because -tags are attached automatically by the tree symbols and any extra -tags would disrupt the linking. However, you can use @Code "@ShowTags" -to find out what these automatic tags are, and use them in a subsequent -links part. For example, the tag attached to the right child of the left -child of the root of a binary tree is {@Code "L@R@T"}, and in general the -tag records the path from the root to the node, with @Code "T" added to -the end. The root always has tag {@Code "T"}. The tree as a whole may -be retagged in the usual way. -@PP -There is an @Code "@HTree" symbol which is the same as -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.htree @SubIndex { @Code "@HTree" symbol } -htree.diagrams @Index { @Code "@HTree" symbol (diagrams) } -@Code "@Tree" except that the tree grows horizontally (from left to -right) instead of vertically. The same symbols are available within -@Code "@HTree" as within {@Code "@Tree"}; @Code "@LeftSub" and -@Code "@FirstSub" produce what might be called the top subtree, and -@Code "@RightSub" and @Code "@NextSub" produce lower trees. @Code "@HTree" -has no @Code "treehindent" option; instead, it has an exactly analogous -@Code "treevindent" option. -diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } -diagrams.treevindent @SubIndex { @Code "treevindent" option } -treevindent.diagrams @Index { @Code "treevindent" option (diagrams) } -@PP -@Code "@HTree" may be used to get horizontal lists: -@ID @OneRow { -@Code @Verbatim { -@I @Diag - arrow { yes } treehsep { 1c } { -@HTree { - @Node A - @FirstSub { - @Node B - @FirstSub @Node C - } -} -} -} -||7ct -@I @Diag arrow { yes } treehsep { 1c } { -@HTree { -@Node A -@FirstSub { - @Node B - @FirstSub @Node C -} -} -} -} -The braces are clumsy but necessary. 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deleted file mode 100644 index 6ff73ad..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Equations } - @Tag { equations } -@Begin -@LP -This chapter explains how to produce mathematical formulas in Lout, -equations. @Index { equations } -mathematics. @Index mathematics -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.eq @SubIndex { @Code "@Eq" } -eq.equations @Index { @Code "@Eq" (equations) } -using the @Code "@Eq" symbol like this: -@ID @Code { -"@Eq { big int supp 1 on 0 ` dx over sqrt {1 - x sup 2} = pi over 2 }" -} -This example produces -@ID @Eq { big int supp 1 on 0 ` dx over sqrt {1 - x sup 2} = pi over 2 } -The @Code "@Eq" symbol looks after all the details of spacing for -you, and it provides several hundred mathematical symbols. -@BeginSections -@Include { equ_intr } -@Include { equ_symb } -@Include { equ_vert } -@Include { equ_spac } -@Include { equ_disp } -@Include { equ_defs } -@Include { equ_summ } -# @Include { equ_tequ } apparently not offered any more, forget why -@Include { equ_math } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_defs b/doc/doc/user/equ_defs deleted file mode 100644 index e05deac..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_defs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Defining new equation formatting symbols } -@Begin -@PP -Whenever you type particular equations or parts of equations repeatedly, -you can save time by using definitions. Definitions are the subject of -Section {@NumberOf definitions}, so here we will just give a few examples -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.definitions @SubIndex { definitions, use with } -definitions. @RawIndex { definitions } -definitions.use.with.equations @SubIndex { use with equations } -of their use in equation formatting. -@PP -Suppose for example that @OneCol @Eq { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i } -occurs frequently in your document. Then -@ID @Code "def epi { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i }" -makes the symbol @Code "epi" stand for the object between the braces: -@ID { -@Code "big sum from i=1 to n ` epi" -|7ct -@Eq { big sum from i=1 to n ` epi } -} -Parameters are very useful when parts of the symbol vary: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"def ep" -" right x" -"{ p sub x ` log sub 2 ` p sub x" -"}" -} -The parameter @Code x will be replaced by the object just to the right -of {@Code "ep"}: -@ID { -@Code { -"big sum from i=1 to k ` ep i +" -"big sum from j=k+1 to n ep j" -} -||7ct -@Eq { -big sum from i=1 to k ` ep i + -big sum from j=k+1 to n ep j -} -} -The precedence of the symbols you define will be 100 by default. -@PP -To make the symbols of @Code "@Eq" available within such definitions, -each must be preceded by {@Code "import @Eq"}. As explained in Section -{@NumberOf definitions}, the definitions go into a file called -{@Code "mydefs"}, which might then look like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"import @Eq" -"def epi { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i }" -"" -"import @Eq" -"def ep right x { p sub x ` log sub 2 ` p sub x }" -} -Use of @Code "epi" and @Code "ep" outside @Code "@Eq" will cause an error. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_disp b/doc/doc/user/equ_disp deleted file mode 100644 index 43ce4b8..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_disp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Displaying equations } - @Tag { mathdisplays } -@Begin -@PP -The result of the @Code "@Eq" symbol is an object which, according to the -displayed.equations @Index { displayed equations } -golden rule (Section {@NumberOf objects}), may appear anywhere: inside -a paragraph, inside a table, and so on. In particular, equations are -often displayed using the @Code "@CentredDisplay" or @Code "@IndentedDisplay" -symbols from Section {@NumberOf displays}: -@ID @Code "@IndentedDisplay @Eq { ... }" -Now displayed equations are often numbered, and often aligned with one -another on their equals signs. For this there are special display -symbols which are the the subject of this section. These symbols can -align and number any display at all, but since in practice they seem to -be used only with equations, we discuss them here rather than in -Section {@NumberOf displays} where they really belong. -@PP -Let's begin by looking at a first example of a numbered display: -aligned.displays @Index { aligned displays } -aligned.equations @Index { aligned equations } -numbered.displays @Index { numbered displays } -numbered.equations @Index { numbered equations } -@BeginAlignedDisplays -@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay - @Tag { fibeq } -@Eq { F sub n ^= F sub {n-1} + F sub {n-2} } -After the display we might have some more text for a while, and then -we might want a second display, aligned on its equals sign with the -first, and also numbered in sequence with it: -@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay -@Eq { F sub n - F sub {n-1} ^= F sub {n-2} } -@EndAlignedDisplays -Notice that the two displays are centred as a block as well as -aligned. Altogether there are four ways in which displays vary: -@BL -@LI { A display can be raw or not raw (see below); } -@LI { It can be a {@Code "@Display"}, {@Code "@LeftDisplay"}, -{@Code "@IndentedDisplay"}, {@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}, -{@Code "@CentredDisplay"}, {@Code "@CenteredDisplay"}, -or {@Code "@RightDisplay"}; } -@LI { It can be aligned or not aligned; } -@LI { It can be numbered or not numbered. } -@EL -All possible combinations are allowed. The display that has everything -is called -@ID @Code "@RawCentredAlignedNumberedDisplay" -By leaving out some or all of {@Code Raw}, {@Code Aligned}, and -{@Code Numbered}, and by changing or leaving out {@Code Centred}, -we get all these combinations. The two displays -numbereddisplay. @Index @Code "@NumberedDisplay" -aligneddisplay. @Index @Code "@AlignedDisplay" -given earlier were made like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"... a first example of a numbered display:" -"@BeginAlignedDisplays" -"@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay" -" @Tag { fibeq }" -"@Eq { F sub n ^= F sub { n-1 } + F sub { n-2 } }" -"After the display we might ... numbered in sequence with it:" -"@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay @Eq { F sub n - F sub { n-1 } ^= F sub { n-2 } }" -"@EndAlignedDisplays" -"Notice that the two displays are centred ..." -} -All numbered displays have an optional @Code "@Tag" option which is -used for cross referencing (see Section {@NumberOf cross}). Alignment -and numbering work quite independently; they don't have to start or end -together, and there can be non-aligned and non-numbered displays among -the others. -@PP -When aligned displays are used, it is necessary to indicate where the -aligned group begins and ends, by placing @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" -beginaligneddisplays @Index @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" -endaligneddisplays @Index @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" -just before the first, and @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" just after the -last. The alignment points are indicated by preceding them by the -symbol {@Code "^"}, so you aren't restricted to aligning at equals -signs. @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" and @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" -cannot span across several sections or subsections: the equations -aligned by them must lie within a single large-scale structure symbol. -@PP -In our example of aligned and numbered displays, the two displays -were separated by some ordinary text. Very often, though, aligned -displays follow directly after each other. This is a problem, because -if you have one display directly following another there will be too -much vertical space between them. This problem was mentioned in -Section {@NumberOf displays}, and the recommended solution was to -use a list. However, there are no aligned or numbered (in this sense) -lists. -@PP -Fortunately, each display symbol has a `raw' version, which -means that no space is inserted above or below the display. Instead, -raw.displays @Index { raw displays } -you must insert it yourself using paragraph symbols: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -preceding text -@DP -@RawAlignedDisplay @Eq { ... } -@DP -@RawAlignedNumberedDisplay @Eq { ... } -@DP -following text -} -You get the right spacing by placing {@Code "@DP"} symbols before, -between, and after each display; and you get to use the specialized -displays that you need. Raw and non-raw displays may be numbered and -aligned together. -@PP -Numbered displays are numbered automatically. Depending on where in -the document they appear, the number might include a chapter number -or section number, etc. This is controlled by options in the setup -file; for example, setting @Code "@ChapterNumInDisplays" to @Code Yes -ensures that numbered displays will be numbered afresh at the beginning -of each chapter, and that the number will include a chapter number. There -is also a @Code "@DisplayNumStyle" option which controls the style of -displays; the default value, {@Code "(num)"}, encloses the number in -parentheses as is conventional when numbering equations. -@PP -Every display symbol has an abbreviated form consisting of @Code "@" -followed by its capital letters only. For example, -@Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" may be abbreviated to {@Code "@BAD"}, and -the display that has everything to {@Code "@RCAND"}. Owing to an -unfortunate clash between the initial letters of `raw' and `right', -@Code "@RightDisplay" and the other right displays have no abbreviations. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_intr b/doc/doc/user/equ_intr deleted file mode 100644 index 1c3ea37..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_intr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Introduction } -@Begin -@PP -The Lout definitions for the @Code "@Eq" symbol are accessed via a setup -file called {@Code "eq"}, which you must include at the start of your -document if -eq.file @Index { @Code "eq" file } -you want equations, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { tbl }" -"@SysInclude { eq }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -This shows what to do if you want both tables and equations, but you -may leave out the line for tables if you don't want them. Setup files -for specialized packages, such as {@Code "tab"} and {@Code "eq"}, -are best included before the main setup file, but may be included in -any order. -@PP -With the @Code "eq" file included, you may write -@ID @Code "@Eq { ... }" -at any point in your document, and the symbols of @Code "@Eq" will be -available between the braces. Any symbols available outside continue -to be available inside, which means that equations may be freely mixed -with other symbols, without restriction. -@PP -Equations may appear within a paragraph of text, or they may be -displayed. {@Code "@Eq"}'s job is to produce an object containing the -equation; it neither knows nor cares where this equation goes. -@PP -To display an equation, use a display symbol like @Code "@IndentedDisplay" -or @Code "@CentredDisplay" (Section {@NumberOf displays}). For example, -@ID @Code "@CentredDisplay @Eq { int supp pi on 0 sin ` x = 0 }" -produces -@CentredDisplay @Eq { int supp pi on 0 sin ` x = 0 } -There are also symbols for aligned and numbered displays, which are -very commonly used with equations. These symbols are the subject of -Section {@NumberOf mathdisplays}. -@PP -To get an equation within a paragraph, it is best to use a variant of -@Code "@Eq" called {@Code "@E"}. An equation within @Code "@E { ... }" -will be prevented from breaking across two lines, and its superscripts -will appear slightly lower, which is desirable within paragraphs. -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.e @SubIndex { @Code "@E" } -eaaa.equations @Index { @Code "@E" (equations) } -@PP -In this chapter we show the Lout input at the left, and its -result at the right: -@ID { -@Code "@Eq { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} over 2 }" -|7ct -@Eq { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} over 2 } -} -Subsequent examples will omit the enclosing {@Code "@Eq { ... }"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_math b/doc/doc/user/equ_math deleted file mode 100644 index c665bb1..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_math +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -# Written by Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>, July 2007. -# -# Based on: -# http://lists.planix.com/pipermail/lout-users/2007q2/004355.html . - -@Section - @Title { The @Code { "@Math" } package } - @Tag { math_package } -@Begin - -equations.math @SubIndex { @Code "@Math" } - -@PP - -The @Code { "@Math" } package provides features similar to those found -in @Code { "@Eq" } but with improved formula layout. For instance, the -@Code { "@M" } symbol offers better rendering of equations within -paragraphs than @Code { "@E" }. To that end, @Code { "@Math" } -implements the four equation layout styles described by Donald E. Knuth in -@I { The { @TeX }book } along with the corresponding transition rules -@Cite { $knuth1984tex }. Namely, depending on its rendering context, -a math formula may be in one of the following styles: - -@BulletList -@LI { ``display'' style, for formulas displayed on lines by -themselves; } -@LI { ``text'' style, for formulas embedded in text; } -@LI { ``script'' style, for formulas used in superscripts and -subscripts; } -@LI { ``subscript'' style, for second-order superscripts and -subscripts. } -@EndList - -In addition, formulas can be ``cramped'', meaning that exponents are -lower than usual. - -@PP -Fortunately, you usually don't need to be familiar with these display -styles and corresponding layout algorithm to use @Code { "@Math" }. -The sections below summarize the differences from @Code { "@Eq" } as -well as the new features. - -@BeginSubSections - -@SubSection @Title { Differences from @Code { "@Eq" } } -@Begin - -@PP -First and foremost, the Lout definitions for the @Code "@Math" symbol -are accessed via a setup file called {@Code "math"}, which you must -include at the start of your document in the usual way: - -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { math }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} - -Note that it is possible to include both @Code "eq" and { @Code "math" -}. Instead of typing formulas within { @Code "@Eq" } or { @Code "@E" }, -they must be embedded in { @Code "@Math" } or { @Code "@M" }, -respectively. -@PP - -In @Code { "@Math" }, sums, products, integrations and similar large -operations are laid out according to the current style. For instance, -the limits of a sum are laid out differently depending on the context: - -@BeginAlignedDisplays -@CAND { - @Math { { sum from { i = 0 } to { n } { i sup 2 } } over { x + y } } } -@CAND { - @Math { sum from { i = 0 } to { n } } } -@EndAlignedDisplays - -Similarly, the @Code { "big" } symbol that is used in @Code { "@Eq" } to -display sums, integrations, etc. is usually not needed: the size of the -``sigma'' or other symbol automatically adapts to the context. -@PP - -The @Code { "from" } and @Code { "to" } stand-alone symbols found in -@Code { "@Eq" } are not available. Instead, symbols such as @Code { -"sum" } that require them have @Code { "from" } and @Code { "to" } -options instead. For example, instead of -@ID { @Code { "@Eq { sum from i = 0 to n { i sup 2 } }" } } -it is necessary to write -@ID { @Code { "@Math { sum from { i = 0 } to { n } { i sup 2 } }" } } -The braces are necessary now because @Code { "from" } and @Code { "to" } -are options of @Code { "sum" }, and it is a general rule of Lout that -the values of options have to be enclosed in braces. -@PP - -Unlike those of @Code { "@Eq" }, mathematical operators obey standard -precedence rules. Thus, to get @M { { n + 1 } over 2 }, one must write -@Code { "@M { { n + 1 } over 2 }" } instead of just -@Code { "@E { n+1 over 2 }" }. - -@PP -@Code "@Math" generally produces better mathematical layout than -@Code { "@Eq" }. Consider the following examples rendered with -@Code "@Math" (on the left) and with @Code "@Eq" (on the right): - -@ID { @Math { 2 sup { 2 sup { 2 sup x } } } -|8ct -@Eq { 2 sup { 2 sup { 2 sup x } } } } - -// -@RID { @Math { x supp { z supp d on c } on { y supp a on b } } -|8ct -@Eq { x supp { z supp d on c } on { y supp a on b } } } - -@ID { @Math { { { n + 1 } over 2 } over x } -|8ct -@Eq { { { n + 1 } over 2 } over x } } - -// -@RID { -@Math { a sub 0 + 1 over { - a sub 1 + 1 over { - a sub 2 + 1 over { - a sub 3 + 1 over { - a sub 4 } } } } } -|8ct -@Eq { a sub 0 + 1 over { - a sub 1 + 1 over { - a sub 2 + 1 over { - a sub 3 + 1 over { - a sub 4 } } } } } } - -@End @SubSection - -@SubSection @Title { New symbols and options } -@Begin - -@LP -The @Code { "@Math" } symbol has a few options not found in -@Code { "@Eq" }. The @Code "symbolfont" and @Code "basefont" options -denote, respectively, the font where symbols are searched for and the font -where other characters are searched for. These fonts default to Symbol -and Times, respectively. Note that @Code "@Math" is currently tailored -to use these fonts so using other fonts may require manual adaptation of -equation layout. - -@PP -Besides, @Code "@Math" provides several new symbols. Symbols @Code -"above" and @Code "below" behave similarly to @Code "from" and @Code -"to" in @Code "@Eq", respectively. In other words, @Code "above" prints -its left parameter on top of its right parameter, while @Code "below" -does the opposite operation: - -@ID { @Code { "@M { { a above f } + { z below b } }" } -|8ct -@M { { a above f } + { z below b } } } - -@ID { -{ @Code { -"@Math { sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } above" -" { 1 <= j <= q } above" -" { 1 <= k <= r } }" -" { a sub { ij } b sub { jk } c sub { ki } } }" } -|8ct -@Math { sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } above - { 1 <= j <= q } above - { 1 <= k <= r } } - { a sub { ij } b sub { jk } c sub { ki } } } } } - -@Code "@Math" produces spacing around operators that depends on the type -of operator (see Section @NumberOf { "equ_spacing" }) and also on the -current style. When defining new operators for @Code "@Math", it is -usually desirable to make sure they use spacing consistent with other -operators. To that end, @Code "@Math" provides spacing symbols similar -to those found in @Code "@Eq", namely @Code { rel }, @Code { bin } and -@Code { punct }. However, these symbols differ from their @Code "@Eq" -counterpart in that they take three parameters: a left parameter, an -@Code "op" option, and a right parameter. For example, -@ID @Code "@Math { x bin op { ! } y }" -produces -@ID @Math { x bin op { ! } y } -The left and right parameters are laid out around the operator specified -by the @Code { op } option, including appropriate spacing. - -@PP - -Finally, @Code "@Math" offers additional symbols that allow users to -explicitly specify the style under which part of a math formula is to be -laid out. These low-level primitives may be useful in specific -situations such as the one illustrated below: - -@ID { @Code { -"@Math {" -" lim above @SubScriptStyle { i --> infinity }" -" f(x) = { g(x) } over { h(x) } }" -} -|8ct -@Math { - lim above @SubScriptStyle { i --> infinity } - f(x) = { g(x) } over { h(x) } } -} - -@Code "@SuperScriptStyle" and @Code "@SubScriptStyle" lay out their -right parameter under the ``script'' or ``subscript'' style, -respectively. @Code "@NumeratorStyle" and @Code "@DenominatorStyle" lay -out their right parameter as if it where the numerator or denominator of -a fraction, respectively. Likewise, @Code "@SquareRootStyle" lays out -its right parameter as if it were below a square root. - -@End @SubSection - -@EndSubSections -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_spac b/doc/doc/user/equ_spac deleted file mode 100644 index c87e9a6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_spac +++ /dev/null @@ -1,106 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Spacing } - @Tag { equ_spacing } -@Begin -@PP -There is a basic rule governing the use of white space characters (space, -tab, and newline) in the input to Lout: white space between two objects -affects the result; white space between a symbol and its parameter does -not. This is explained at length in Section {@NumberOf spaces}. -@PP -Although this rule is just right most of the time, it is not adequate -for equation formatting. Getting the horizontal spacing right in -equations is a very fiddly business, involving four different sizes of -space (zero, thin, medium, and thick), and different rules for spacing -within superscripts and subscripts to those applying outside, according -to a leading authority @Cite { $knuth1984tex }. {@Code "@Eq"} therefore -takes the spacing decisions upon itself, and consequently chooses to -ignore all white space in its input, even between two objects. (The -simplest way to restore the effect of white space to part of an equation -is to enclose that part in a @Code "@Font" symbol.) -@PP -Every symbol provided by {@Code "@Eq"} has a @I {full name}, which -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.fullname @SubIndex { full name of symbol } -full.name @Index { full name of equation symbol } -denotes the symbol without any space attached. Many symbols also -have a @I {short name}, which denotes the same symbol with what -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.shortname @SubIndex { short name of symbol } -short.name @Index { short name of equation symbol } -{@Code "@Eq"} considers to be an appropriate amount of space for that -symbol attached to it. For example, @Eq { lessequal } has full name -@Code lessequal and short name {@Code "<="}: -@IL -@LI { -@Code "a lessequal b" -|7ct -@Eq { a lessequal b } -} -@LI { -@Code "a <= b" -|7ct -@Eq { a <= b } -} -@EL -{@Code "@Eq"} puts a thick space around relation symbols like {@Code "<="}, -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.relation.symbols @SubIndex { relation symbols } -relation.symbols @Index { relation symbols in equations } -a medium space around binary operator symbols like {@Code "+"}, and a thin -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.binaryoperators @SubIndex { binary operator symbols } -binaryoperators @Index { binary operator symbols in equations } -space after punctuation symbols (@Code ";" and {@Code ","}); except that -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.punctuation @SubIndex { punctuation symbols } -punctuation @Index { punctuation symbols in equations } -in places where the symbols appear in a smaller size (superscripts, -subscripts, etc.), these spaces are omitted. No other horizontal space -is ever inserted. -@PP -The short names have been carefully designed to produce good-looking -mathematics most of the time. It is best to rely on them in the first -instance and only think about spacing when the result is not pleasing. In -that case, {@Code "@Eq"}'s space can be removed by using the full names, -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.spacing @SubIndex { spacing symbols } -spacing.equations @Index { spacing symbols in equations } -and thin, medium and thick space can be added using the following symbols: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @Code "`" } - B { {@Code "0.18f"} ({@Code "0.018f"} in subscripts, etc.) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "``" } - B { {@Code "0.24f"} ({@Code "0.024f"} in subscripts, etc.) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "```" } - B { {@Code "0.30f"} ({@Code "0.030f"} in subscripts, etc.) } -} -where @Code "1f" is the current font size. These symbols have low -precedence. The @Code "&" symbol from raw Lout is also available; -the @Code "s" unit has value 0 and so is not very useful, but one can -write @Code "&2m" for example for a two em space. The full names are -tedious to remember, so {@Code "@Eq"} provides a @Code "non" symbol -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.non @SubIndex { @Code "non" symbol } -non.equations @Index { @Code "non" symbol (equations) } -which removes spaces from its right parameter; thus @Code "non <=" is -equivalent to {@Code "lessequal"}. There are also {@Code "rel"}, -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.rel @SubIndex { @Code "rel" symbol } -rel.equations @Index { @Code "rel" symbol (equations) } -{@Code "bin"}, and {@Code "punct"} symbols for telling {@Code "@Eq"} -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.bin @SubIndex { @Code "bin" symbol } -bin.equations @Index { @Code "bin" symbol (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.punct @SubIndex { @Code "punct" symbol } -punct.equations @Index { @Code "punct" symbol (equations) } -to add space to the following symbol as though it was a relation symbol, -binary operator, or punctuation symbol. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_summ b/doc/doc/user/equ_summ deleted file mode 100644 index 5b3c1aa..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_summ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,782 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Summary } -@Begin -@PP -This section is a complete list of the symbols provided by -{@Code "@Eq"}. We divide them into auxiliary, parameterized, short names -(further divided into relations, binary operators, and punctuation), -and full names. The auxiliary symbols are: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @Code "`" } - B { Thin space } -@Rowa - A { @Code "``" } - B { Medium space } -@Rowa - A { @Code "```" } - B { Thick space } -@Rowa - A { @Code "bin x" } - B { Treat @Code x as a binary operator } -@Rowa - A { @Code "rel x" } - B { Treat @Code x as a relation } -@Rowa - A { @Code "punct x" } - B { Treat @Code x as a punctuation symbol } -@Rowa - A { @Code "non x" } - B { Remove spaces normally put into @Code x } -@Rowa - A { @Code "vctr x" } - B { Centre @Code x vertically -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.vctr @SubIndex { @Code "vctr" symbol } -vctr.equations @Index { @Code "vctr" symbol (equations) } -} -@Rowa - A { @Code "big x" } - B { Make @Code x larger } -@Rowa - A { @Code "small x" } - B { Make @Code x smaller } -} -Here are all the parameterized symbols, shown in groups of equal -precedence, with the precedence itself at right: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break { -@Code "matrix pmatrix bmatrix brmatrix fmatrix cmatrix amatrix not" (100) -@Code "dot dotdot hat tilde vec dyad overbar underbar" (62) -@Code "sup sub tsub supp" (60) @Code "on ton" (61) -@Code "from to widefrom wideto" (58) -@Code "sqrt root" (56) -@Code "over frac" (54) -@Code "col lcol ccol rcol mcol" (52) -@Code "row axisrow" (50) -# @Code "above labove cabove rabove mabove" (52) -# @Code "nextcol" (50) -} -See Section {@NumberOf symbols} for examples of matrices. Here are some -examples of the other symbols: -@IL - -@LI { -@Code "x dot" -|7ct -@Eq { x dot } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.dot @SubIndex { @Code "dot" symbol } -dot.equations @Index { @Code "dot" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "x dotdot" -|7ct -@Eq { x dotdot } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.dotdot @SubIndex { @Code "dotdot" symbol } -dotdot.equations @Index { @Code "dotdot" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "x hat" -|7ct -@Eq { x hat } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.hat @SubIndex { @Code "hat" symbol } -hat.equations @Index { @Code "hat" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "x tilde" -|7ct -@Eq { x tilde } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.tilde @SubIndex { @Code "tilde" symbol } -tilde.equations @Index { @Code "tilde" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "x vec" -|7ct -@Eq { x vec } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.vec @SubIndex { @Code "vec" symbol } -vec.equations @Index { @Code "vec" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "x dyad" -|7ct -@Eq { x dyad } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.dyad @SubIndex { @Code "dyad" symbol } -dyad.equations @Index { @Code "dyad" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "x+y overbar" -|7ct -@Eq { x+y overbar } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.overbar @SubIndex { @Code "overbar" symbol } -overbar.equations @Index { @Code "overbar" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "x+y underbar" -|7ct -@Eq { x+y underbar } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.underbar @SubIndex { @Code "underbar" symbol } -underbar.equations @Index { @Code "underbar" symbol (equations) } -} - -@EL -These marks are centred over the preceding object, except the last two -which are extended to the width of the object. -@IL - -@LI { -@Code "a sup b" -|7ct -@Eq {a sup b} -} - -@LI { -@Code "a sub b" -|7ct -@Eq {a sub b} -} - -@LI { -@Code "W tsub b" -|7ct -@Eq {W tsub b} -} - -@LI { -@Code "a supp b on c" -|7ct -@Eq {a supp b on c} -} - -@LI { -@Code "W supp b ton c" -|7ct -@Eq {W supp b ton c} -} - -@EL -Note that @Code "supp" and @Code "on" (or {@Code "ton"}) must be used -together as shown; @Code "tsub" and @Code "ton" are exactly like -@Code "sub" and @Code "on" except that the subscript is tucked in. -@IL - -@LI { -@Code "big sum from i" -|7ct -@Eq {big sum from i} -} - -@LI { -@Code "big prod to j" -|7ct -@Eq {big prod to j} -} - -@LI { -@Code { "{a, ... , z} widefrom" -"{90d @Rotate blbrace}" } -|7ct -@Eq { {a, ... , z} widefrom {90d @Rotate blbrace} } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.widefrom @SubIndex { @Code "widefrom" symbol } -widezzzfrom.equations @Index { @Code "widefrom" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "{a, ... , z} wideto minus" -|7ct -@Eq { {a, ... , z} wideto minus } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.wideto @SubIndex { @Code "wideto" symbol } -widezzzto.equations @Index { @Code "wideto" symbol (equations) } -} - -@EL -@Code "widefrom" and @Code "wideto" are like @Code "from" and -@Code "to" except that they horizontally scale the right parameter -to the width of the left. -@IL - -@LI { -@Code "sqrt {x over y}" -|7ct -@Eq { sqrt {x over y} } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.sqrt @SubIndex { @Code "sqrt" symbol } -sqrt.equations @Index { @Code "sqrt" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "3 root {x over y}" -|7ct -@Eq { 3 root {x over y} } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.root @SubIndex { @Code "root" symbol } -root.equations @Index { @Code "root" symbol (equations) } -} - -@EL -The left parameter of @Code "root" may be any object. Here are -four ways to denote division: -@IL - -@LI { -@Code "2 over 3" -|7ct -@Eq { 2 over 3 } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.over @SubIndex { @Code "over" symbol } -over.equations @Index { @Code "over" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "2 frac 3" -|7ct -@Eq { 2 frac 3 } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.frac @SubIndex { @Code "frac" symbol } -frac.equations @Index { @Code "frac" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "2 div 3" -|7ct -@Eq { 2 div 3 } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.div @SubIndex { @Code "div" symbol } -div.equations @Index { @Code "div" symbol (equations) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "2 slash 3" -|7ct -@Eq { 2 slash 3 } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.slash @SubIndex { @Code "slash" symbol } -slash.equations @Index { @Code "slash" symbol (equations) } -} - -@EL -The @Code "div" symbol is a binary operator (see below), and -@Code "slash" is the full name for the @Code "/" character from -the Adobe Symbol font. You can't use @Code "/" itself, because -it is one of Lout's special symbols. -@PP -The following short names define relations (that is, they have a thick -space on each side): -@DP -ragged @Break { -"<" @Dbl @Eq { < } -">" @Dbl @Eq { > } -"=" @Dbl @Eq { = } -"<=" @Dbl @Eq { <= } -"prec" @Dbl @Eq { prec } -"preceq" @Dbl @Eq { preceq } -"<<" @Dbl @Eq { << } -"subset" @Dbl @Eq { subset } -"subseteq" @Dbl @Eq { subseteq } -"sqsubseteq" @Dbl @Eq { sqsubseteq } -"in" @Dbl @Eq { in } -"vdash" @Dbl @Eq { vdash } -"smile" @Dbl @Eq { smile } -"frown" @Dbl @Eq { frown } -">=" @Dbl @Eq { >= } -"succ" @Dbl @Eq { succ } -"succeq" @Dbl @Eq { succeq } -">>" @Dbl @Eq { >> } -"supset" @Dbl @Eq { supset } -"supseteq" @Dbl @Eq { supseteq } -"sqsupseteq" @Dbl @Eq { sqsupseteq } -"ni" @Dbl @Eq { ni } -"dashv" @Dbl @Eq { dashv } -"mid" @Dbl @Eq { mid } -"parallel" @Dbl @Eq { parallel } -"==" @Dbl @Eq { == } -"~" @Dbl @Eq { ~ } -"-~" @Dbl @Eq { -~ } -"asymp" @Dbl @Eq { asymp } -"~~" @Dbl @Eq { ~~ } -"=~" @Dbl @Eq { =~ } -"bowtie" @Dbl @Eq { bowtie } -"propto" @Dbl @Eq { propto } -"models" @Dbl @Eq { models } -"doteq" @Dbl @Eq { doteq } -"trieq" @Dbl @Eq { trieq } -"perp" @Dbl @Eq { perp } -"notsub" @Dbl @Eq { notsub } -"notin" @Dbl @Eq { notin } -"!=" @Dbl @Eq { != } -"<->" @Dbl @Eq { <-> } -"<--" @Dbl @Eq { <-- } -"-->" @Dbl @Eq { --> } -"up" @Dbl @Eq { up } -"down" @Dbl @Eq { down } -"<=>" @Dbl @Eq { <=> } -"<==" @Dbl @Eq { <== } -"==>" @Dbl @Eq { ==> } -"dblup" @Dbl @Eq { dblup } -"dbldown" @Dbl @Eq { dbldown } -":" @Dbl @Eq { : } -"::" @Dbl @Eq { :: } -":=" @Dbl @Eq { := } -} -@DP -These can be negated by preceding them with {@Code "not"}, as in -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.not @SubIndex { @Code "not" symbol } -not.equations @Index { @Code "not" symbol (equations) } -negation. @Index { negation of equation symbols } -{@Code "not =="}, for example, which yields {@Eq { not == }}. The -following short names define binary operators (medium space on each side): -@DP -ragged @Break { -"+" @Dbl @Eq { + } -"-" @Dbl @Eq { - } -"+-" @Dbl @Eq { +- } -"-+" @Dbl @Eq { -+ } -"setminus" @Dbl @Eq { setminus } -"cdot" @Dbl @Eq { cdot } -"times" @Dbl @Eq { times } -"*" @Dbl @Eq { * } -"circ" @Dbl @Eq { circ } -"div" @Dbl @Eq { div } -"cap" @Dbl @Eq { cap } -"cup" @Dbl @Eq { cup } -"uplus" @Dbl @Eq { uplus } -"sqcap" @Dbl @Eq { sqcap } -"sqcup" @Dbl @Eq { sqcup } -"triangleleft" @Dbl @Eq { triangleleft } -"triangleright" @Dbl @Eq { triangleright } -"wr" @Dbl @Eq { wr } -"bigcirc" @Dbl @Eq { bigcirc } -"bigtriangleup" @Dbl @Eq { bigtriangleup } -"bigtriangledown"@Dbl @Eq { bigtriangledown } -"vee" @Dbl @Eq { vee } -"wedge" @Dbl @Eq { wedge } -"oplus" @Dbl @Eq { oplus } -"ominus" @Dbl @Eq { ominus } -"otimes" @Dbl @Eq { otimes } -"oslash" @Dbl @Eq { oslash } -"odot" @Dbl @Eq { odot } -"dagger" @Dbl @Eq { dagger } -"daggerdbl" @Dbl @Eq { daggerdbl } -"amalg" @Dbl @Eq { amalg } -} -@DP -The following names define arrow symbols (no extra space): -@DP -ragged @Break { -"leftarrow" @Dbl @Eq { leftarrow } -"longleftarrow" @Dbl @Eq { longleftarrow } -"dblleftarrow" @Dbl @Eq { dblleftarrow } -"dbllongleftarrow" @Dbl @Eq { dbllongleftarrow } -"rightarrow" @Dbl @Eq { rightarrow } -"longrightarrow" @Dbl @Eq { longrightarrow } -"dblrightarrow" @Dbl @Eq { dblrightarrow } -"dbllongrightarrow" @Dbl @Eq { dbllongrightarrow } -"leftrightarrow" @Dbl @Eq { leftrightarrow } -"longleftrightarrow" @Dbl @Eq { longleftrightarrow } -"dblleftrightarrow" @Dbl @Eq { dblleftrightarrow } -{ 1.15i @Wide @HScale "dbllongleftrightarrow" } @Dbl @Eq { dbllongleftrightarrow } -"mapsto" @Dbl @Eq { mapsto } -"longmapsto" @Dbl @Eq { longmapsto } -"hookleftarrow" @Dbl @Eq { hookleftarrow } -"hookrightarrow" @Dbl @Eq { hookrightarrow } -"leadsto" @Dbl @Eq { leadsto } -"leftharpoonup" @Dbl @Eq { leftharpoonup } -"rightharpoonup" @Dbl @Eq { rightharpoonup } -"leftharpoondown" @Dbl @Eq { leftharpoondown } -"rightharpoondown" @Dbl @Eq { rightharpoondown } -"rightleftharpoons" @Dbl @Eq { rightleftharpoons } -"uparrow" @Dbl @Eq { uparrow } -"dbluparrow" @Dbl @Eq { dbluparrow } -"downarrow" @Dbl @Eq { downarrow } -"dbldownarrow" @Dbl @Eq { dbldownarrow } -"updownarrow" @Dbl @Eq { updownarrow } -"dblupdownarrow" @Dbl @Eq { dblupdownarrow } -"nearrow" @Dbl @Eq { nearrow } -"searrow" @Dbl @Eq { searrow } -"swarrow" @Dbl @Eq { swarrow } -"nwarrow" @Dbl @Eq { nwarrow } -} -@DP -The following names define punctuation symbols (thin space on the -right-hand side): -@DP -ragged @Break { -";" @Dbl @Eq { ; } -"," @Dbl @Eq { , } -"col" @Dbl @Eq { col } -} -@DP -The following symbols are used in ways typified by the large sum and -product symbols. In display equations they should be preceded by the -@Code "big" symbol: -@DP -ragged @Break { -"sum" @Dbl @Eq { sum } -"prod" @Dbl @Eq { prod } -"coprod" @Dbl @Eq { coprod } -@LP -"int" @Dbl @Eq { int } -"oint" @Dbl @Eq { oint } -"bcap" @Dbl @Eq { bcap } -@LP -"bcup" @Dbl @Eq { bcup } -"bvee" @Dbl @Eq { bvee } -"bwedge" @Dbl @Eq { bwedge } -@LP -"bodot" @Dbl @Eq { bodot } -"botimes" @Dbl @Eq { botimes } -"boplus" @Dbl @Eq { boplus } -@LP -"buplus" @Dbl @Eq { buplus } -} -@DP -The following symbols are defined so that they will appear in Roman, -as is conventional for them in equations: -@DP -ragged @Break { -"arccos" @Dbl @Eq { arccos } -"arcsin" @Dbl @Eq { arcsin } -"arctan" @Dbl @Eq { arctan } -"arg" @Dbl @Eq { arg } -"cos" @Dbl @Eq { cos } -"cosh" @Dbl @Eq { cosh } -"cot" @Dbl @Eq { cot } -"coth" @Dbl @Eq { coth } -"csc" @Dbl @Eq { csc } -"deg" @Dbl @Eq { deg } -"det" @Dbl @Eq { det } -"dim" @Dbl @Eq { dim } -"exp" @Dbl @Eq { exp } -"gcd" @Dbl @Eq { gcd } -"hom" @Dbl @Eq { hom } -"inf" @Dbl @Eq { inf } -"ker" @Dbl @Eq { ker } -"lg" @Dbl @Eq { lg } -"lim" @Dbl @Eq { lim } -"liminf" @Dbl @Eq { liminf } -"limsup" @Dbl @Eq { limsup } -"ln" @Dbl @Eq { ln } -"log" @Dbl @Eq { log } -"max" @Dbl @Eq { max } -"min" @Dbl @Eq { min } -"Pr" @Dbl @Eq { Pr } -"sec" @Dbl @Eq { sec } -"sin" @Dbl @Eq { sin } -"sinh" @Dbl @Eq { sinh } -"supr" @Dbl @Eq { supr } -"tan" @Dbl @Eq { tan } -"tanh" @Dbl @Eq { tanh } -"mod" @Dbl @Eq { mod } -} -@DP -The following symbols are also defined to ensure that they will appear -in Roman: -@DP -ragged @Break { -"0" @Dbl @Eq { 0 } -"1" @Dbl @Eq { 1 } -"2" @Dbl @Eq { 2 } -"3" @Dbl @Eq { 3 } -"4" @Dbl @Eq { 4 } -"5" @Dbl @Eq { 5 } -"6" @Dbl @Eq { 6 } -"7" @Dbl @Eq { 7 } -"8" @Dbl @Eq { 8 } -"9" @Dbl @Eq { 9 } -"!" @Dbl @Eq { ! } -"?" @Dbl @Eq { ? } -"%" @Dbl @Eq { % } -"(" @Dbl @Eq { ( } -")" @Dbl @Eq { ) } -"[" @Dbl @Eq { [ } -"]" @Dbl @Eq { ] } -} -@DP -The following symbols make good @Code atleft and @Code atright parameters -of the @Code matrix symbol: -@LP -@LP -ragged @Break { -"lpar" @Dbl @Eq { lpar } -"blpar" @Dbl @Eq { blpar } -"rpar" @Dbl @Eq { rpar } -"brpar" @Dbl @Eq { brpar } -"lbrack" @Dbl @Eq { lbrack } -"blbrack" @Dbl @Eq { blbrack } -"rbrack" @Dbl @Eq { rbrack } -"brbrack" @Dbl @Eq { brbrack } -"lbrace" @Dbl @Eq { lbrace } -"blbrace" @Dbl @Eq { blbrace } -"rbrace" @Dbl @Eq { rbrace } -"brbrace" @Dbl @Eq { brbrace } -"lfloor" @Dbl @Eq { lfloor } -"blfloor" @Dbl @Eq { blfloor } -"rfloor" @Dbl @Eq { rfloor } -"brfloor" @Dbl @Eq { brfloor } -"lceil" @Dbl @Eq { lceil } -"blceil" @Dbl @Eq { blceil } -"rceil" @Dbl @Eq { rceil } -"brceil" @Dbl @Eq { brceil } -"langle" @Dbl @Eq { langle } -"blangle" @Dbl @Eq { blangle } -"rangle" @Dbl @Eq { rangle } -"brangle" @Dbl @Eq { brangle } -} -@LP -@LP -Here are some miscellaneous symbols: -@DP -ragged @Break { -"hbar" @Dbl @Eq { hbar } -"Re" @Dbl @Eq { Re } -"Im" @Dbl @Eq { Im } -"partial" @Dbl @Eq { partial } -"infty" @Dbl @Eq { infty } -"prime" @Dbl @Eq { prime } -"nabla" @Dbl @Eq { nabla } -"surd" @Dbl @Eq { surd } -"top" @Dbl @Eq { top } -"bot" @Dbl @Eq { bot } -"dbar" @Dbl @Eq { dbar } -"triangle" @Dbl @Eq { triangle } -"backslash" @Dbl @Eq { backslash } -"forall" @Dbl @Eq { forall } -"exists" @Dbl @Eq { exists } -"neg" @Dbl @Eq { neg } -"circle" @Dbl @Eq { circle } -"filledcircle" @Dbl @Eq { filledcircle } -"square" @Dbl @Eq { square } -"ldots" @Dbl @Eq { ldots } -"cdots" @Dbl @Eq { cdots } -"vdots" @Dbl @Eq { vdots } -"ddots" @Dbl @Eq { ddots } -"del" @Dbl @Eq { del } -"grad" @Dbl @Eq { grad } -"triangleup" @Dbl @Eq { triangleup } -"triangledown" @Dbl @Eq { triangledown } -"..." @Dbl @Eq { ... } -",...," @Dbl @Eq { ,..., } -"half" @Dbl @Eq { half } -"third" @Dbl @Eq { third } -"'" @Dbl @Eq { ' } -"empty" @Dbl @Eq { empty } -} -@DP -Finally, here is the long list of full names from the Adobe Symbol font; -these are as for the @Code "@Sym" symbol of Section {@NumberOf characters}, -but within equations you don't type {@Code "@Sym"}: -@DP -ragged @Break { -"space" @Dbl @Eq { space } -"exclam" @Dbl @Eq { exclam } -"universal" @Dbl @Eq { universal } -"numbersign" @Dbl @Eq { numbersign } -"existential" @Dbl @Eq { existential } -"percent" @Dbl @Eq { percent } -"ampersand" @Dbl @Eq { ampersand } -"suchthat" @Dbl @Eq { suchthat } -"parenleft" @Dbl @Eq { parenleft } -"parenright" @Dbl @Eq { parenright } -"asteriskmath" @Dbl @Eq { asteriskmath } -"plus" @Dbl @Eq { plus } -"comma" @Dbl @Eq { comma } -"minus" @Dbl @Eq { minus } -"period" @Dbl @Eq { period } -"slash" @Dbl @Eq { slash } -"zero" @Dbl @Eq { zero } -"one" @Dbl @Eq { one } -"two" @Dbl @Eq { two } -"three" @Dbl @Eq { three } -"four" @Dbl @Eq { four } -"five" @Dbl @Eq { five } -"six" @Dbl @Eq { six } -"seven" @Dbl @Eq { seven } -"eight" @Dbl @Eq { eight } -"nine" @Dbl @Eq { nine } -"colon" @Dbl @Eq { colon } -"semicolon" @Dbl @Eq { semicolon } -"less" @Dbl @Eq { less } -"equal" @Dbl @Eq { equal } -"greater" @Dbl @Eq { greater } -"question" @Dbl @Eq { question } -"congruent" @Dbl @Eq { congruent } -"Alpha" @Dbl @Eq { Alpha } -"Beta" @Dbl @Eq { Beta } -"Chi" @Dbl @Eq { Chi } -"Delta" @Dbl @Eq { Delta } -"Epsilon" @Dbl @Eq { Epsilon } -"Phi" @Dbl @Eq { Phi } -"Gamma" @Dbl @Eq { Gamma } -"Eta" @Dbl @Eq { Eta } -"Iota" @Dbl @Eq { Iota } -"thetaone" @Dbl @Eq { thetaone } -"Kappa" @Dbl @Eq { Kappa } -"Lambda" @Dbl @Eq { Lambda } -"Mu" @Dbl @Eq { Mu } -"Nu" @Dbl @Eq { Nu } -"Omicron" @Dbl @Eq { Omicron } -"Pi" @Dbl @Eq { Pi } -"Theta" @Dbl @Eq { Theta } -"Rho" @Dbl @Eq { Rho } -"Sigma" @Dbl @Eq { Sigma } -"Tau" @Dbl @Eq { Tau } -"Upsilon" @Dbl @Eq { Upsilon } -"sigmaone" @Dbl @Eq { sigmaone } -"Omega" @Dbl @Eq { Omega } -"Xi" @Dbl @Eq { Xi } -"Psi" @Dbl @Eq { Psi } -"Zeta" @Dbl @Eq { Zeta } -"bracketleft" @Dbl @Eq { bracketleft } -"therefore" @Dbl @Eq { therefore } -"bracketright" @Dbl @Eq { bracketright } -"perpendicular" @Dbl @Eq { perpendicular } -"underscore" @Dbl @Eq { underscore } -"radicalex" @Dbl @Eq { radicalex } -"alpha" @Dbl @Eq { alpha } -"beta" @Dbl @Eq { beta } -"chi" @Dbl @Eq { chi } -"delta" @Dbl @Eq { delta } -"epsilon" @Dbl @Eq { epsilon } -"phi" @Dbl @Eq { phi } -"gamma" @Dbl @Eq { gamma } -"eta" @Dbl @Eq { eta } -"iota" @Dbl @Eq { iota } -"phione" @Dbl @Eq { phione } -"kappa" @Dbl @Eq { kappa } -"lambda" @Dbl @Eq { lambda } -"mu" @Dbl @Eq { mu } -"nu" @Dbl @Eq { nu } -"omicron" @Dbl @Eq { omicron } -"pi" @Dbl @Eq { pi } -"theta" @Dbl @Eq { theta } -"rho" @Dbl @Eq { rho } -"sigma" @Dbl @Eq { sigma } -"tau" @Dbl @Eq { tau } -"upsilon" @Dbl @Eq { upsilon } -"omegaone" @Dbl @Eq { omegaone } -"omega" @Dbl @Eq { omega } -"xi" @Dbl @Eq { xi } -"psi" @Dbl @Eq { psi } -"zeta" @Dbl @Eq { zeta } -"braceleft" @Dbl @Eq { braceleft } -"bar" @Dbl @Eq { bar } -"braceright" @Dbl @Eq { braceright } -"similar" @Dbl @Eq { similar } -"Upsilonone" @Dbl @Eq { Upsilonone } -"minute" @Dbl @Eq { minute } -"lessequal" @Dbl @Eq { lessequal } -"fraction" @Dbl @Eq { fraction } -"infinity" @Dbl @Eq { infinity } -"florin" @Dbl @Eq { florin } -"club" @Dbl @Eq { club } -"diamond" @Dbl @Eq { diamond } -"heart" @Dbl @Eq { heart } -"spade" @Dbl @Eq { spade } -"arrowboth" @Dbl @Eq { arrowboth } -"arrowleft" @Dbl @Eq { arrowleft } -"arrowup" @Dbl @Eq { arrowup } -"arrowright" @Dbl @Eq { arrowright } -"arrowdown" @Dbl @Eq { arrowdown } -"degree" @Dbl @Eq { degree } -"plusminus" @Dbl @Eq { plusminus } -"second" @Dbl @Eq { second } -"greaterequal" @Dbl @Eq { greaterequal } -"multiply" @Dbl @Eq { multiply } -"proportional" @Dbl @Eq { proportional } -"partialdiff" @Dbl @Eq { partialdiff } -"bullet" @Dbl @Eq { bullet } -"divide" @Dbl @Eq { divide } -"notequal" @Dbl @Eq { notequal } -"equivalence" @Dbl @Eq { equivalence } -"approxequal" @Dbl @Eq { approxequal } -"ellipsis" @Dbl @Eq { ellipsis } -"arrowvertex" @Dbl @Eq { arrowvertex } -"arrowhorizex" @Dbl @Eq { arrowhorizex } -"carriagereturn"@Dbl @Eq { carriagereturn } -"aleph" @Dbl @Eq { aleph } -"Ifraktur" @Dbl @Eq { Ifraktur } -"Rfraktur" @Dbl @Eq { Rfraktur } -"weierstrass" @Dbl @Eq { weierstrass } -"circlemultiply"@Dbl @Eq { circlemultiply } -"circleplus" @Dbl @Eq { circleplus } -"emptyset" @Dbl @Eq { emptyset } -"intersection" @Dbl @Eq { intersection } -"union" @Dbl @Eq { union } -"propersuperset"@Dbl @Eq { propersuperset } -"reflexsuperset"@Dbl @Eq { reflexsuperset } -"notsubset" @Dbl @Eq { notsubset } -"propersubset" @Dbl @Eq { propersubset } -"reflexsubset" @Dbl @Eq { reflexsubset } -"element" @Dbl @Eq { element } -"notelement" @Dbl @Eq { notelement } -"angle" @Dbl @Eq { angle } -"gradient" @Dbl @Eq { gradient } -"registerserif" @Dbl @Eq { registerserif } -"copyrightserif"@Dbl @Eq { copyrightserif } -"trademarkserif"@Dbl @Eq { trademarkserif } -"product" @Dbl @Eq { product } -"radical" @Dbl @Eq { radical } -"dotmath" @Dbl @Eq { dotmath } -"logicalnot" @Dbl @Eq { logicalnot } -"logicaland" @Dbl @Eq { logicaland } -"logicalor" @Dbl @Eq { logicalor } -"arrowdblboth" @Dbl @Eq { arrowdblboth } -"arrowdblleft" @Dbl @Eq { arrowdblleft } -"arrowdblup" @Dbl @Eq { arrowdblup } -"arrowdblright" @Dbl @Eq { arrowdblright } -"arrowdbldown" @Dbl @Eq { arrowdbldown } -"lozenge" @Dbl @Eq { lozenge } -"angleleft" @Dbl @Eq { angleleft } -"registersans" @Dbl @Eq { registersans } -"copyrightsans" @Dbl @Eq { copyrightsans } -"trademarksans" @Dbl @Eq { trademarksans } -"summation" @Dbl @Eq { summation } -"parenlefttp" @Dbl @Eq { parenlefttp } -"parenleftex" @Dbl @Eq { parenleftex } -"parenleftbt" @Dbl @Eq { parenleftbt } -"bracketlefttp" @Dbl @Eq { bracketlefttp } -"bracketleftex" @Dbl @Eq { bracketleftex } -"bracketleftbt" @Dbl @Eq { bracketleftbt } -"bracelefttp" @Dbl @Eq { bracelefttp } -"braceleftmid" @Dbl @Eq { braceleftmid } -"braceleftbt" @Dbl @Eq { braceleftbt } -"braceex" @Dbl @Eq { braceex } -"angleright" @Dbl @Eq { angleright } -"integral" @Dbl @Eq { integral } -"integraltp" @Dbl @Eq { integraltp } -"integralex" @Dbl @Eq { integralex } -"integralbt" @Dbl @Eq { integralbt } -"parenrighttp" @Dbl @Eq { parenrighttp } -"parenrightex" @Dbl @Eq { parenrightex } -"parenrightbt" @Dbl @Eq { parenrightbt } -"bracketrighttp"@Dbl @Eq { bracketrighttp } -"bracketrightex"@Dbl @Eq { bracketrightex } -"bracketrightbt"@Dbl @Eq { bracketrightbt } -"bracerighttp" @Dbl @Eq { bracerighttp } -"bracerightmid" @Dbl @Eq { bracerightmid } -"bracerightbt" @Dbl @Eq { bracerightbt } -} -@DP -The names given are the same as Adobe's, as used by the @Code "@Sym" -symbol, except in a few places where the Adobe name contains a digit, -which is not possible for a symbol name in Lout. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_symb b/doc/doc/user/equ_symb deleted file mode 100644 index 20f407b..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_symb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,437 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Symbols } - @Tag { symbols } -@Begin -@PP -@Code "@Eq" prints characters in the fonts appropriate for mathematics: -@ID { -@Code "x - 2" -|7ct -@Eq { x-2 } -} -Here @Eq { x } is in Italic, @Eq { 2 } is in Roman, and @Eq { minus } is -from the Symbol font. The character @Code "-" is a @I symbol which -stands for @Eq {minus}, and @Code "2" is also a symbol, standing for -@Eq { 2 }. @Code "@Eq" includes a vast number of symbols: -@ID { -@Code "Omega delta int partial club" -|7ct -@Eq { Omega delta int partial club } -} -The summary at the end of this chapter has the complete list. -@PP -Symbols whose names are made from letters should be separated from each -other by at least one space or end of line, as was done above, or else -@Code "@Eq" will become confused: -@ID { -@Code "Omegadelta" -|7ct -@Eq { Omegadelta } -} -Symbols whose names are made from digits and punctuation characters can, -however, be run together with each other and with symbols made from -letters: -@ID { -@Code "Omega-delta<=2" -|7ct -@Eq { Omega-delta<=2 } -} -This rule applies throughout Lout (Section {@NumberOf spaces}). -@PP -Some symbols join objects together in mathematical ways: -@ID { -@Code "x sub 2" -|7ct -@Eq { x sub 2 } -} -Here the @Code "sub" symbol has taken the object just to its left, and -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.sub @SubIndex { @Code "sub" symbol } -sub.sym.equations @Index { @Code "sub" symbol (equations) } -the object just to its right, and joined them into one object in the -form of a subscript. The two objects are called the left and right -parameters of {@Code "sub"}, and they may be arbitrary Lout objects. -@PP -Other symbols of a similar kind include {@Code "sup"} for -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.sup @SubIndex { @Code "sup" symbol } -sup.equations @Index { @Code "sup" symbol (equations) } -superscripting, @Code "over" for built-up fractions, and @Code "from" -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.over @SubIndex { @Code "over" symbol } -over.equations @Index { @Code "over" symbol (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.from @SubIndex { @Code "from" symbol } -from.equations @Index { @Code "from" symbol (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.to @SubIndex { @Code "to" symbol } -to.equations @Index { @Code "to" symbol (equations) } -and @Code "to" for the lower and upper limits of sums, products, -etc. These symbols may be used together to produce complicated -equations very easily: -@ID { -@Code { -"big sum from i=0 to n r sup i" -"= {r sup n+1 - 1} over r-1" -} -||7ct -@Eq { big sum from i=0 to n r sup i -= {r sup n+1 - 1} over r-1 -} -} -Here @Code "sum" is just the @Eq { summation } symbol; @Code "from" and -@Code "to" do all the work of placing the limits. They are quite -independent, so either or both may be omitted. To get a superscript -directly over a subscript, use the @Code "supp" and @Code "on" symbols: -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.supp @SubIndex { @Code "supp" symbol } -supp.equations @Index { @Code "supp" symbol (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.on @SubIndex { @Code "on" symbol } -on.equations @Index { @Code "on" symbol (equations) } -@ID { -@Code "A supp b on a" -|7ct -@Eq { A supp b on a } -} -These two symbols should always be used together as shown. -@PP -Sometimes a subscript appears to be too far to the right, owing to -the slope of italic letters: in @Eq { W sub n }, for example. You -can fix this by using `tucked' subscripts, like this: -@IndentedList -@LI { -@Code "W tsub n" -|7ct -@Eq { W tsub n } -} -@LI { -@Code "W supp b ton a" -|7ct -@Eq { W supp b ton a } -} -@EndList -The @Code "tsub" and @Code "ton" symbols are exactly like @Code "sub" -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.tsub @SubIndex { @Code "tsub" symbol } -tsub.equations @Index { @Code "tsub" symbol (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.ton @SubIndex { @Code "ton" symbol } -ton.equations @Index { @Code "ton" symbol (equations) } -and @Code "on" except for this tucking-in effect. However, the -@Code "sub" symbol itself does a certain amount of tucking in; the -amount is determined by kerning information in the font files and -so is sensitive to the shape of the letters. -@PP -As usual in Lout, braces are used to group something into an indivisible -object. Leaving them out creates ambiguities: -@ID @Code "a sup b over c" -There are two possible interpretations for this: -@IndentedList -@LI { -@Code "{a sup b} over c" -|7ct -@Eq { {a sup b} over c } -} -@LI { -@Code "a sup {b over c}" -|7ct -@Eq { a sup {b over c} } -} -@EndList -@Code "@Eq" chooses between them in the following way. Every symbol that -takes a parameter also has a {@I precedence}, which is a number. For -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.precedence @SubIndex { precedence of symbols } -precedence.equations @Index { precedence of symbols in equations } -example, @Code "sup" has precedence 60 and @Code "over" has precedence -54. The symbol with the highest precedence wins the object lying between -them, so in the above case the first interpretation is chosen. If two -symbols of equal precedence compete for an object, the association is -towards the left: -@ID { -@Code "a sup b sub 2" -|7ct -@Eq { a sup b sub 2 } -} -In this case it is more probable that the following right association -was actually wanted: -@ID { -@Code "a sup { b sub 2 }" -|7ct -@Eq { a sup { b sub 2 } } -} -When in doubt, use braces to make the grouping clear. -@PP -White space between two objects is considered to be a symbol with -precedence 7, which is lower than the precedence of any @Code "@Eq" -symbol; but if the two objects are immediately adjacent and neither is -enclosed in braces the precedence is 102, which is higher than the -precedence of any @Code "@Eq" symbol. Compare these three examples: -@IL -@LI { -@Code "big sum from i=0 to n" -|7ct -@Eq { big sum from i=0 to n } -} -@LI { -@Code "big sum from {i = 0} to n" -|7ct -@Eq { big sum from {i = 0} to n } -} -@LI { -@Code "big sum from i = 0 to n" -|7ct -@Eq { big sum from i = 0 to n } -} -@EL -and you will see that some care is needed on this point. Braces can -always be used to override precedence and associativity, and when in -doubt the easiest course is to insert them. Although Lout allows -symbols to associate towards the left or right, @Code "@Eq" chooses -to have only left associative symbols. The summary at the end of this -chapter gives the precedence of every symbol. -@PP -The @Code matrix symbol {@PageMark matrix} builds an array of objects: -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.matrix @SubIndex { @Code "matrix" symbol } -matrix.equations @Index { @Code "matrix" symbol (equations) } -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -matrix - atleft { blpar } - atright { brpar } -{ - row col x sup 2 col y sup 2 col z sup 2 - row col x col y col z - row col 1 col 1 col 1 -} -} -||9ct -@Eq { -matrix - atleft { blpar } - atright { brpar } -{ - row col x sup 2 col y sup 2 col z sup 2 - row col x col y col z - row col 1 col 1 col 1 -} -} -} -The @Code atleft and @Code atright options place vertically scaled -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.atleft @SubIndex { @Code "atleft" option } -atleft.equations @Index { @Code "atleft" option (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.atright @SubIndex { @Code "atright" option } -atright.equations @Index { @Code "atright" option (equations) } -versions of their values at each side; if either is omitted the value -is taken to be an empty object of zero width by default. Although -we have used @Code blpar and @Code brpar here, since the options are -vertically scaled to the correct size some people prefer simply -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } -} -The right parameter of @Code matrix is the array itself. It must be -enclosed in braces, and it is a sequence of rows introduced by -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.row @SubIndex { @Code "row" symbol } -row.equations @Index { @Code "row" symbol (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.col @SubIndex { @Code "col" symbol } -col.equations @Index { @Code "col" symbol (equations) } -@Code row symbols; each row is a sequence of objects introduced by -@Code col symbols. -@FootNote { -Older versions of Lout use different symbols, {@Code "above"} and -{@Code "nextcol"}, at this point. For backward compatibility these -symbols are still available, but they are obsolete and no longer documented. -} -The @Code row and @Code col symbols have low precedence, but not -as low as white space between two objects. Therefore, unless the -entries in the array are very simple, it is safest to enclose each of -them in braces. -@PP -Entries built with the @Code col symbol have their objects centred in -the column. Also available are @Code lcol for left-justified entries, -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.lcol @SubIndex { @Code "lcol" symbol } -lcol.equations @Index { @Code "lcol" symbol (equations) } -@Code ccol meaning the same as {@Code col}, @Code rcol for -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.ccol @SubIndex { @Code "ccol" symbol } -ccol.equations @Index { @Code "ccol" symbol (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.rcol @SubIndex { @Code "rcol" symbol } -rcol.equations @Index { @Code "rcol" symbol (equations) } -right-justified entries, and @Code mcol for alignment along column -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.mcol @SubIndex { @Code "mcol" symbol } -mcol.equations @Index { @Code "mcol" symbol (equations) } -marks. Each column may contain entries of different kinds, except -that @Code mcol does not work well with any other sort. -@PP -When several matrices appear side by side, slight differences in height -can cause an unsightly appearance: -@ID @Eq { -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } -{ - row col a sub 11 col a sub 12 - row col a sub 21 col a sub 22 -} -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } -{ - row col b sub 11 col b sub 12 - row col b sub 21 col b sub 22 -} -= -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } -{ - row col c sub 11 col c sub 12 - row col c sub 21 col c sub 22 -} -} -To assist in resolving this problem, the @Code "matrix" symbol has -a @Code "strut" option, which causes a strut to be inserted into -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.strut @SubIndex { @Code "strut" option } -strut.option. @RawIndex { @Code "strut" option } -strut.option.in.equations @SubIndex { in equations } -every row, guaranteeing that every row has height at least equal -to the height of the strut. By using -@ID @Code { -"matrix" -" strut { Yes }" -"..." -} -in each of the three matrices above, the result is improved to -@ID @Eq { -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } - strut { Yes } -{ - row col a sub 11 col a sub 12 - row col a sub 21 col a sub 22 -} -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } - strut { Yes } -{ - row col b sub 11 col b sub 12 - row col b sub 21 col b sub 22 -} -= -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } - strut { Yes } -{ - row col c sub 11 col c sub 12 - row col c sub 21 col c sub 22 -} -} -By default, the strut has height @Code "0.5f" (half the current font -size) both above and below the axis of the row. This can be changed -by giving any length as the value of the @Code "strut" option: -@Code "strut { 2.0c }" for two centimetres above and below -the axis, and so on. -@PP -Some symbols have been added which produce `matrices' with commonly needed -@Code atleft and @Code atright options already set for you. Here are -these symbols, on the left, with the equivalent @Code matrix symbol -and, on the right, the result produced: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col @Code B ! @Col ! @Col C } -{ -@Rowa - A { "pmatrix" } - B { "matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { M }" } - C { @Eq { pmatrix { M } } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.pmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "pmatrix" symbol } -pmatrix.equations @Index { @Code "pmatrix" symbol (equations) } -} -@Rowa - A { "bmatrix" } - B { "matrix atleft { blbrack } atright { brbrack } { M }" } - C { @Eq { bmatrix { M } } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.bmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "bmatrix" symbol } -bmatrix.equations @Index { @Code "bmatrix" symbol (equations) } -} -@Rowa - A { "brmatrix" } - B { "matrix atleft { blbrace } atright { brbrace } { M }" } - C { @Eq { brmatrix { M } } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.brmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "brmatrix" symbol } -brmatrix.equations @Index { @Code "brmatrix" symbol (equations) } -} -@Rowa - A { "fmatrix" } - B { "matrix atleft { blfloor } atright { brfloor } { M }" } - C { @Eq { fmatrix { M } } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.fmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "fmatrix" symbol } -fmatrix.equations @Index { @Code "fmatrix" symbol (equations) } -} -@Rowa - A { "cmatrix" } - B { "matrix atleft { blceil } atright { brceil } { M }" } - C { @Eq { cmatrix { M } } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.cmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "cmatrix" symbol } -cmatrix.equations @Index { @Code "cmatrix" symbol (equations) } -} -@Rowa - A { "amatrix" } - B { "matrix atleft { blangle } atright { brangle } { M }" } - C { @Eq { amatrix { M } } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.amatrix @SubIndex { @Code "amatrix" symbol } -amatrix.equations @Index { @Code "amatrix" symbol (equations) } -} -} -For example: -@ID { -@Code { -"fmatrix { (n+1) over 2 }" -} -|7ct -@Eq { -fmatrix { (n+1) over 2 } -} -} -As this example shows, these symbols are very useful for getting large -scaled delimiters around things that aren't necessarily matrices at all. -@PP -Each of the @Code "@Eq" symbols that takes parameters also has a @Code gap -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.gap @SubIndex { @Code "gap" option } -gap.equations @Index { @Code "gap" option (equations) } -option, which controls the amount of space inserted by the symbol: -@IL -@LI { -@Code "x over y" -|7ct -@Eq { x over y } -} -@LI { -6c @Wide @Code "x over gap { 3p } y" -|7ct -@Eq { x over gap { 3p } y } -} -@EL -@Code "@Eq" usually gets the spacing right without help. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_tequ b/doc/doc/user/equ_tequ deleted file mode 100644 index c02782a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_tequ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { An alternative version that uses @TeX's fonts } - @Tag { teq } -@Begin -@PP -There is an alternative version of the @Code "@Eq" symbol that -tex. @RawIndex { @TeX } -tex.mathfonts @SubIndex { mathematical fonts } -uses fonts taken from the @TeX document formatting -system. These fonts are said to produce better-looking -mathematics than the Adobe Systems Symbol font used by the -standard @Code "@Eq" symbol. -@PP -The fonts were converted from @TeX form to PostScript form by -Basil K. Malyshev, who has attached a license to them permitting -malyshev @Index { Malyshev, Basil K. } -non-commercial use only. This is a much more stringent license -than the one attached to Lout itself. For this reason, the files -needed to use these @TeX fonts are distributed separately from the -rest of Lout, although you can get them from the same place (see the -preface of this guide). -@PP -Once these files are installed, you change from the standard -@Code "@Eq" symbol to the @TeX version by changing the initial -@Code "@SysInclude { eq }" to {@Code "@SysInclude { teq }"}. Do -absolutely nothing else. -@PP -Unfortunately, the @TeX fonts are not usually resident on PostScript -printing devices, which means that Lout is obliged to include them in -its PostScript output file. You don't have to do anything to make this -happen, but the cost is fairly large: changing to -@Code "@SysInclude { teq }" increases the size of the PostScript -output file by 252 kilobytes. -@PP -It is possible to gain access to characters in the @TeX -fonts that are not accessible directly from {@Code "@Eq"}, mainly -script capitals and bold-italic Greek letters. For example, you can -use @Code "{cmsy Base} @Font @Char \"A\"" to get a script A, and -@Code "{cmmi Bold} @Font @Char \"pi\"" to get a bold-italic -{@Sym pi}. For the full story, consult file @Code "teq" in the -Lout system include directory for the names of these fonts, and then -look in Lout's font directory for their font metrics files, which -show the names and encodings of all the characters. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/equ_vert b/doc/doc/user/equ_vert deleted file mode 100644 index 95d46a8..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/equ_vert +++ /dev/null @@ -1,175 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Tag { vpos } - @Title { Vertical positioning } -@Begin -@PP -Every equation and every object within every equation has an -@I axis running through it which is used to position it vertically -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.axis @SubIndex { axis of } -axis @Index { axis of equation } -with respect to nearby objects. In the Expert's Guide to Lout -@Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert } this is called a @I { row mark }, -but we'll stick with axis. Here are some examples with the axis -shown as a dashed line: -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Eq { x sup 2 } -||2c -@ShowHMark @Eq { non + } -||2c -@ShowHMark @Eq { @ExA } -} -When these objects are placed adjacent to one another, their -axes are merged, giving the correct vertical positioning: -@ID @ShowHMark @Eq { x sup 2 + @ExA } -Most of the time you do not need to think about vertical -positioning, because for most objects there is just one -sensible place for the axis to go, and Lout puts it there. -@PP -Matrices and the delimiters that enclose them are the two -exceptions. Lout makes the axis of a matrix pass through -its exact centre, and it shifts the axes of delimiters -so that they exactly enclose the thing delimited. These -choices are never disastrous, but there are other possibilities -that might be better sometimes. -@PP -The axis of a matrix could reasonably be set to the axis -of any of its rows: -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Eq { -matrix userow { yes } { - axisrow col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - row col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -||2c -@ShowHMark @Eq { -matrix userow { yes } { - row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - axisrow col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - row col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -||2c -@ShowHMark @Eq { -matrix userow { yes } { - row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - axisrow col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -} -Alternatively, it could be set to where Lout usually places it, -through the exact centre: -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Eq { -matrix { - row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - row col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -} -Delimiters could reasonably keep the axes that they naturally -have (approximately through their centres, but not exactly): -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Eq { pmatrix userow { yes } shiftdelim { no } { @ExA } } -} -or they could have their axes moved in the way that Lout usually does, -to the point which allows them to evenly cover the thing delimited: -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Eq { pmatrix userow { yes } { @ExA } } -} -Altogether then there are four possibilities when these two alternatives -interact: -@CD lines @Break @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 0.5w @VShift A ! @Col ! @Col B ! @Col ! @Col C } -{ -@Rowa - A { } - B { Matrix axis -uses row axis } - C { Matrix axis passes -through centre } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { Delimiter -keeps its axis } - B { @ShowHMark @Eq { pmatrix userow {yes} shiftdelim {no } { @ExA } } } - C { @ShowHMark @Eq { pmatrix userow {no } shiftdelim {no } { @ExA } } } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { Delimiter -axis shifted } - B { @ShowHMark @Eq { pmatrix userow {yes} shiftdelim {yes} { @ExA } } } - C { @ShowHMark @Eq { pmatrix userow {no } shiftdelim {yes} { @ExA } } } -} -To supply these possibilities, the @Code "matrix" symbol and all -its variants (@Code "pmatrix" etc.) have two options whose -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.userow @SubIndex { @Code "userow" option } -userow.equations @Index { @Code "userow" option (equations) } -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.shiftdelim @SubIndex { @Code "shiftdelim" option } -shiftdelim.equations @Index { @Code "shiftdelim" option (equations) } -values may be {@Code "yes"} or {@Code "no"}: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -matrix - userow { no } - shiftdelim { yes } -{ - ... -} -} -The @Code "userow" option determines whether the axis of the -matrix will use a row axis; the default is not to, i.e. to -centre the axis instead. The @Code "shiftdelim" option -determines whether the axis of the delimiter will be shifted -so that the delimiter evenly covers the thing delimited; the -default is to do this. -@PP -If @Code "userow" is {@Code "yes"}, the next question is -which row's axis to use to make the overall axis. If you -do nothing, the first (or only) row's axis becomes the -overall axis. To select some other row instead, replace -the @Code "row" symbol that precedes the row by {@Code "axisrow"}: -equations. @RawIndex { equations } -equations.axisrow @SubIndex { @Code "axisrow" symbol } -axisrow.equations @Index { @Code "axisrow" symbol (equations) } -@ID @Code @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - hmargin { 1s } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col ! @Col B ! @Col ! @Col C ! @Col ! @Col D ! @Col } - @Fmtb { @Col A ! @Col " col {" ! @Col B ! @Col "} col {" ! @Col C ! @Col "} col {" ! @Col D ! @Col "}" } -{ -@Rowa - A { "matrix userow { yes } {" &0io } -@Rowb - A { " row" } - B { "x sup 3" } - C { "y sup 3" } - D { "z sup 3" } -@Rowb - A { " axisrow" } - B { "x sup 2" } - C { "y sup 2" } - D { "z sup 2" } -@Rowb - A { " row" } - B { "x" } - C { "y" } - D { "z" } -@Rowa - A { "}" } -} -The result of this is -@ID @ShowHMark @Eq { -matrix userow { yes } { - row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - axisrow col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - row col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -with the axis through the second row as desired. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/fmt b/doc/doc/user/fmt deleted file mode 100644 index ffd5e7f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/fmt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Changing the Overall Format } - @Tag { changes } -@Begin -@LP -The symbols of Lout make many decisions behind the scenes. Even the -humble @Code "@PP" symbol has to decide how much vertical space to -leave, and how far to indent the first line of the paragraph. How to -change these decisions is the subject of this chapter. -@BeginSections -@Include { fmt_setu } -@Include { fmt_size } -@Include { fmt_marg } -@Include { fmt_head } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/fmt1.awk b/doc/doc/user/fmt1.awk deleted file mode 100644 index 06a6b53..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/fmt1.awk +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -BEGIN { - print "@Tbl" - print " mv { 0.5vx }" - print " aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { right } @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell |" - print " @Cell indent { right } @Code C | @Cell D | @Cell |" - print " @Cell indent { right } @Code E | @Cell mr { 0i } F }" - print "{" -} -NR % 3 == 1 { printf "@Rowa\n A { \"%s\" } B { @Math { %s } }\n", $1, $1 } -NR % 3 == 2 { printf " C { \"%s\" } D { @Math { %s } }\n", $1, $1 } -NR % 3 == 0 { printf " E { \"%s\" } F { @Math { %s } }\n", $1, $1 } -END { print "}" } diff --git a/doc/doc/user/fmt2.awk b/doc/doc/user/fmt2.awk deleted file mode 100644 index 063acec..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/fmt2.awk +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -BEGIN { - print "@Tbl" - print " mv { 0.5vx }" - print " aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { right } @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell |" - print " @Cell indent { right } @Code C | @Cell D | @Cell |" - print " @Cell indent { right } @Code E | @Cell mr { 0i } F }" - print "{" -} -NR % 3 == 1 { printf "@Rowa\n" - printf " A { \"%s from { a } to { b }\" }\n", $1 - printf " B { @Math { %s from { a } to { b } } }\n", $1 } -NR % 3 == 2 { printf " C { \"%s from { a } to { b }\" }\n", $1 - printf " D { @Math { %s from { a } to { b } } }\n", $1 } -NR % 3 == 0 { printf " E { \"%s from { a } to { b }\" }\n", $1 - printf " F { @Math { %s from { a } to { b } } }\n", $1 } -END { print "}" } diff --git a/doc/doc/user/fmt_head b/doc/doc/user/fmt_head deleted file mode 100644 index a47a16f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/fmt_head +++ /dev/null @@ -1,330 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Page numbers and running headers } - @Tag { headers } -@Begin -@PP -A @I { page header } is a line at the top of a page containing a page -page.header @Index { page header } -running.header @Index { running header } -number or running title. A @I { page footer } is a similar line at -page.footer @Index { page footer } -the bottom of a page. This section describes the setup file options -that control the appearance of page headers and footers. -@PP -There are four basic styles, selected by the @Code "@PageHeaders" option: -page.headers @Index @Code "@PageHeaders" -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code { "@PageHeaders {" A "}" } ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { None } - B { No page headers, no page footers. } -@Rowa - A { Simple } - B { No footers, and a centred page number between hyphens for -header on every page whose number is not 0 or 1. } -@Rowa - A { Titles } - B { Full running titles as in the present document. } -@Rowa - A { NoTitles } - B { Page numbers placed as for @Code { Titles }, but with the -titles themselves blanked out. } -} -@Code Titles and @Code NoTitles use Lout's cross-referencing machinery, -so will require a few runs to settle down. @Code None and @Code Simple -do not, so they work first time and may be used with the @Code "-s" -command line flag. Section {@NumberOf cross} has a fuller discussion -of these ramifications of cross referencing. -@PP -The next step is to set the page numbers, using -the @Code "@PageNumbers" and @Code "@FirstPageNumber" options. There -page.numbers @Index @Code "@PageNumbers" -are two useful values for {@Code "@PageNumbers"}: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code { "@PageNumbers {" A "}" } ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { Arabic } - B { Arabic page numbers } -@Rowa - A { Roman } - B { Lower-case Roman page numbers } -} -although the full range of choices is {@Code "None"}, {@Code "Arabic"}, -{@Code "Roman"}, {@Code "UCRoman"}, {@Code "Alpha"}, and -{@Code "UCAlpha"}. @Code "@FirstPageNumber" is the number of the -first.page.number @Index @Code "@FirstPageNumber" -first page. Its default value is of course {@Code 1}, although -@ID @Code "@FirstPageNumber { 0 }" -might be useful if the first page is really an unnumbered cover -sheet. @Code "@FirstPageNumber" must be an Arabic number even if -@Code "@PageNumbers" is set to something other than {@Code "Arabic"}. -@PP -Some document types, such as books and technical reports with cover -sheets, have a separate introductory -sequence of pages preceding the main sequence. For the page numbers on -introductory pages there are two options, @Code "@IntroPageNumbers" -intro.page.numbers @Index @Code "@IntroPageNumbers" -intro.first.page.number @Index @Code "@IntroFirstPageNumber" -and {@Code "@IntroFirstPageNumber"}, which are exactly analogous to -@Code "@PageNumbers" and {@Code "@FirstPageNumber"}. It is traditional -to number introductory pages using Roman numerals, so @Code Roman is -the default value of {@Code "@IntroPageNumbers"}. -@PP -Let's summarize the five options so far by looking at their values in -the @Code book setup file, which was used to produce the present document: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@PageHeaders { Titles } -@PageNumbers { Arabic } -@FirstPageNumber { 1 } -@IntroPageNumbers { Roman } -@IntroFirstPageNumber { 1 } -} -The remainder of this section goes beyond these basic choices to explain -how to change the detailed appearance of page headers -and footers. Inevitably it gets quite a lot harder. -@PP -Pages are classified by the page header options in three ways: -@NumberedList -@LI { @I { Odd vs. even }. The first page is odd, the second is even, -odd.pages @Index { odd and even pages } -the third is odd, and so on. If @Code "@FirstPageNumber" is set to -an even number, the first page will have that number, but it will still -be classified as odd. } -@LI { @I { Start vs. non-start }. A start page is the first page of -start.pages @Index { start and non-start pages } -some major part of the document (a chapter, say); other pages are -non-start. The @Code { Simple } header type uses a simpler -definition: a page whose number is 0 or 1 is a start page, all others -are non-start. } -@LI { @I { Intro vs. non-intro }. Intro pages form a separate sequence of -intro.pages @Index { intro and non-intro pages } -pages that precede the main (non-intro) sequence. They typically contain -prefatory material such as a title page, preface, and table of contents. -In a book there will always be an even number of Intro pages, even if -it means that the last one is empty. } -@EndList -These classifications are quite independent of each other: a page -could be a non-intro start odd page, or an intro non-start even page, -and so on. This makes eight (@M { 2 times 2 times 2 }) possibilities -altogether. Depending on the type of document there may also be pages -that Lout will never place a page header or footer on (e.g. pages -containing part titles in books). -@PP -If you choose {@Code "@PageHeaders { None }"}, there are no page headers -or footers, so there is nothing more to say. If you choose -{@Code "@PageHeaders { Simple }"}, then eight options become relevant -for controlling the page headers on each of the eight kinds of -pages. Here they are with their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@OddTop { @Centre { - @PageNum - } } -@EvenTop { @Centre { - @PageNum - } } -@StartOddTop { @Null } -@StartEvenTop { @Null } -@IntroOddTop { @Null } -@IntroEvenTop { @Null } -@IntroStartOddTop { @Null } -@IntroStartEvenTop { @Null } -} -If the word @Code Start is missing from an option name, the option -applies to non-start pages; if @Code Intro is missing, it applies to -non-intro pages. Another eight options control footers in the same way: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@OddFoot { @Null } -@EvenFoot { @Null } -@StartOddFoot { @Null } -@StartEvenFoot { @Null } -@IntroOddFoot { @Centre @PageNum } -@IntroEvenFoot { @Null } -@IntroStartOddFoot { @Centre @PageNum } -@IntroStartEvenFoot { @Null } -} -The value of the option is an object which becomes the header or -footer. It may be any object, but there are some peculiarities that -will be explained now. -@PP -The full set of symbols of the BasicSetup package can be used -when setting page header options (and indeed any of the options -of the @Code "@BasicSetup" @Code "@Use" clause package), as well as -symbols from special-purpose -packages that have been included before this setup file. This means -you can use any symbol you might reasonably expect to. But footnotes and -floating figures and tables, for example, are not from BasicSetup so -cannot be used. -@PP -There are five symbols of special relevance to page headers and -footers: {@Code "@Null"}, {@Code "@Centre"}, {@Code "@Center"}, -{@Code "@Right"}, and {@Code "@PageNum"}. -@PP -The @Code "@Null" symbol is similar to the empty object in printing as -null. @Index @Code "@Null" -nothing, but in addition it removes the vertical space that ordinarily -separates the header line from the page body. If there is no header -there should be no vertical space either, so always use @Code "@Null" -rather than the empty object in header and footer options. -@PP -@Code "@Centre" and @Code "@Center" centre the following object, and -centre. @Index @Code "@Centre" -center. @Index @Code "@Center" -right. @Index @Code "@Right" -@Code "@Right" right-justifies it: -@ID @Code "at left @Centre { - 27 - } @Right { at right }" -produces -@QD @HExpand { at left @Centre { - 27 - } @Right { at right } } -The objects should be enclosed in braces if they contain spaces. -@PP -The @Code "@PageNum" symbol produces the number of the current page, in -page.num. @Index @Code "@PageNum" -Arabic, Roman, etc. as specified by the @Code "@PageNumbers" or -@Code "@IntroPageNumbers" option. @Code "@PageNum" is available only -within page header and footer options. -@PP -To get the @I last page into a header, so that you can have page -headers like `Page 5 of 8', you need @Code "@PageOf last.page" as -described in Section {@NumberOf cross}. You might have -@ID @Code "@Centre { Page @PageNum of @PageOf last.page }" -as the value of @Code "@EvenTop" and the rest. -@PP -At this point you might like to pause and verify that the default -values of the sixteen options given above produce what we said they -would: no footers, and a centred page number between hyphens on every -page whose number is not 0 or 1. It should be clear now what to do if -you want to remove the hyphens, move the numbers to the page footer, -make them bold, have them at the left on even pages and at the right on -odd pages, and so on. -@PP -A different set of sixteen options applies when @Code "@PageHeaders" -is set to @Code Titles or {@Code "NoTitles"}. Here are the eight -options for headers, with their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@RunningOddTop { @I { @MinorNum @DotSep @MinorTitle } - @Right @B @PageNum } -@RunningEvenTop { @B @PageNum - @Right @I { @MajorNum @DotSep @MajorTitle } } -@RunningStartOddTop { @Null } -@RunningStartEvenTop { @Null } -@RunningIntroOddTop { @Null } -@RunningIntroEvenTop { @Null } -@RunningIntroStartOddTop { @Null } -@RunningIntroStartEvenTop { @Null } -} -Some options occupy two lines, but only because they are long: as -usual, the end of a line is the same as one space. Here are the -options for footers: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@RunningOddFoot { @Null } -@RunningEvenFoot { @Null } -@RunningStartOddFoot { @Centre { Bold 0.8f } @Font @PageNum } -@RunningStartEvenFoot { @Centre { Bold 0.8f } @Font @PageNum } -@RunningIntroOddFoot { @Right @PageNum } -@RunningIntroEvenFoot { @PageNum } -@RunningIntroStartOddFoot { @Null } -@RunningIntroStartEvenFoot { @Null } -} -All these options are similar to the earlier ones, in providing one -option for each of the eight kinds of pages. The names are the same -except that @Code Running is added to each. Remember that a start -page is now one that begins a major part of the document. -@PP -In addition to the symbols described earlier for simple page headers -and footers, these running header options may contain the symbols -{@Code "@MajorNum"}, {@Code "@MajorTitle"}, {@Code "@MinorNum"}, -{@Code "@MinorTitle"}, {@Code "@DotSep"}, {@Code "@NoDotSep"}, -{@Code "@DotJoin"}, {@Code "@NoDotJoin"}, {@Code "@DashJoin"}, -and {@Code "@NumSep"} described below. -major.num @Index @Code "@MajorNum" -major.title @Index @Code "@MajorTitle" -minor.num @Index @Code "@MinorNum" -minor.title @Index @Code "@MinorTitle" -@PP -The exact values of {@Code "@MajorNum"}, {@Code "@MajorTitle"}, -{@Code "@MinorNum"}, and {@Code "@MinorTitle"} depend on the document -type, but they are intended to describe what is on the current page. Here -are some values typical of books: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B } - vmargin { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@MajorNum" } - B { Chapter 2 } -@Rowa - A { "@MajorTitle" } - B { Adding Structure to Documents } -@Rowa - A { "@MinorNum" } - B { 2.7 } -@Rowa - A { "@MinorTitle" } - B { Tables of contents } -} -It is not possible to change the values assigned to these symbols, but -the sixteen options allow you to choose whether to use them and how to -arrange them, in the usual way. -@PP -The @Code "@DotSep" symbol consumes the objects to its left and right -dot.sep @Index @Code "@DotSep" -and produces them separated by a dot and two spaces: -@ID @Code "@MinorNum @DotSep @MinorTitle" -is the same as -@ID @Code "@MinorNum. @MinorTitle" -However, if either object is empty, the dot and two spaces are -omitted. It's a fine point, needed mainly for unnumbered chapters -and sections. @Code "@DotJoin" is the same as @Code "@DotSep" but -dot.join @Index @Code "@DotJoin" -without the two spaces. @Code "@NoDotSep" is the same as -nodot.sep @Index @Code "@NoDotSep" -@Code "@DotSep" but leaving out the dot, @Code "@NoDotJoin" is the same -nodot.join @Index @Code "@NoDotJoin" -as @Code "@DotJoin" but again leaving out the dot, and @Code "@DashJoin" -dash.join @Index @Code "@DashJoin" -is the same as @Code "@DotJoin" except that `--' replaces the dot. -@PP -Lout uses @Code "@DotSep" between numbers and titles by default. To -get rid of all dots between numbers and titles it is necessary to -change all occurrences of @Code "@DotSep" in the setup file to -{@Code "@NoDotSep"}. There are about ten occurrences, depending -on the setup file. -@PP -@Code "@NumSep" {@PageMark numsep} is similar to @Code "@NoDotSep" -except that one space -num.sep @Index @Code "@NumSep" -hungarian @Index { Hungarian and @Code "@NumSep" } -is used, not two, and also the order of the two parts is reversed and -a dot is added if the current language is Hungarian (apparently -Hungarians write `3. Table' where other people write `Table 3'). -@Code "@NumSep" is used behind the scenes in a variety of places. -@PP -The present document was produced using @Code "@PageHeaders { Titles }" -with the default values of the sixteen options unchanged, as you might -like to verify. @Code "@PageHeaders { NoTitles }" is identical to -@Code "@PageHeaders { Titles }" except that {@Code "@MajorNum"}, -{@Code "@MajorTitle"}, {@Code "@MinorNum"}, and {@Code "@MinorTitle"} -are always replaced by empty objects. The description given at the -beginning of this section, `like @Code "Titles" but with the titles -blanked out,' is therefore accurate. -@PP -There is a @Code "@StructPageNums" setup file option that produces -structpagenums. @Index @Code "@StructPageNums" -structured page numbers when it is changed to {@Code Yes}; that is, -page numbers that include a section number, subsection number, and so -on. Precisely which structure numbers are included is determined by the -@Code "@SectionNumInRunners" option and its relatives. @Code "@PageHeaders" -must be @Code Titles when structured page numbers are used, and it is -probably best to set @Code "@SectionGap" and some similar options to -{@Code "2b"} (meaning new page) as well. The @Code "@NumberSeparator" -setup file option (Section {@NumberOf largescale}) affects the format -of the structured page numbers. -@PP -There is a @Code "@PageNumberFormat" setup file option that -pagenumberformat. @Index @Code "@PageNumberFormat" -allows a uniform format to be applied to every page number. -Its default value, -@ID @Code "@PageNumberFormat { number }" -just produces the number. To change the format, change the -object within the braces. For example, -@ID @Code "@PageNumberFormat { (number) }" -will cause parentheses to be printed around every page number, and so -on. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/fmt_marg b/doc/doc/user/fmt_marg deleted file mode 100644 index c3a98b0..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/fmt_marg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Page margins, page boxes, and page backgrounds } - @Tag { margins } -@Begin -@PP -There are six options for setting the top and bottom margins on each -margin.options @RawIndex { margin options } -margin.options.in.pages @SubIndex { in pages } -top.margin @Index @Code "@TopMargin" -foot.margin @Index @Code "@FootMargin" -odd.left.margin @Index @Code "@OddLeftMargin" -odd.right.margin @Index @Code "@OddRightMargin" -even.left.margin @Index @Code "@EvenLeftMargin" -even.right.margin @Index @Code "@EvenRightMargin" -page, and the left and right margins on odd and even pages. Here they -are with their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@TopMargin { 2.50c } -@FootMargin { 2.50c } -@OddLeftMargin { 2.50c } -@OddRightMargin { 2.50c } -@EvenLeftMargin { 2.50c } -@EvenRightMargin { 2.50c } -} -When setting these options you must ensure that -@ID @Math { @Code "@OddLeftMargin" + @Code "@OddRightMargin" = -@Code "@EvenLeftMargin" + @Code "@EvenRightMargin" } -In other words, the total margin on odd pages must be the same as on -even pages. -@PP -In addition, four options are provided which add extra left and right -margins to the page @I body (that is, everything but the running headers -and footers): -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@OddLeftBodyMargin { 0c } -@OddRightBodyMargin { 0c } -@EvenLeftBodyMargin { 0c } -@EvenRightBodyMargin { 0c } -} -The default is to add no page body margins, as shown. Most people who -use page body margins would change only @Code "@OddRightBodyMargin" and -{@Code "@EvenLeftBodyMargin"}, since those are the outside margins. As -for ordinary margins, the total (left plus right) page body margin must -be the same on odd and even pages. Margin notes -(Section {@NumberOf marginnotes}) occupy body margin space. -@PP -You can draw a box around each page. The relevant options and their -default values are -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@PageBoxType { None } -@PageBoxMargin { 1.00c } -@PageBoxLineWidth {} -@PageBoxPaint { None } -@PageBoxShadow { 0.06c } -} -You get boxes by changing the @Code "@PageBoxType" option: -page.box.type @Index @Code "@PageBoxType" -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @CC B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@PageBoxType { None }" } - B { (no box) } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@PageBoxType { Box }" } - B { @Box 1.0c @Wide 1.4c @High } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@PageBoxType { CurveBox }" } - B { @CurveBox 1.0c @Wide 1.4c @High } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@PageBoxType { ShadowBox }" } - B { @ShadowBox 1.0c @Wide 1.4c @High } -} -Page boxes reduce the amount of space available to the page contents, -so your columns will become somewhat narrower and shorter when you -introduce them. -@PP -The {@Code "@PageBoxMargin"}, {@Code "@PageBoxLineWidth"}, -{@Code "@PageBoxPaint"}, and {@Code "@PageBoxShadow"} options affect -the page box exactly as the {@Code margin}, {@Code linewidth}, -{@Code paint}, and {@Code shadow} options described -for other boxes in Section {@NumberOf boxes} do. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@PageBoxType { CurveBox } -@PageBoxMargin { 1.0c } -@PageBoxPaint { grey } -} -draws a curved box, painted grey, around each page, with a one -centimetre margin between its boundary and the page contents. If the -left margin is 2.5 centimetres, say, this gives a total left margin -from the page edge to the page contents of 3.5 centimetres. -@PP -More generally, you can enclose each page in any object at all, -using @Code "@PageEnclose": -@ID @Code { -"@PageEnclose { @Body }" -} -Within the @Code "@PageEnclose" option, @Code "@Body" stands for the -page, and it must occur exactly once. You could place a curved box -around each page, for example, by writing -@ID @Code { -"@PageEnclose { @CurveBox @Body }" -} -This could be done with {@Code "@PageBox"}, but @Code "@PageEnclose" -offers infinitely many possibilities. -@PP -@Code "@PageBackground" replaces the usual white background of the page: -page.background @Index @Code "@PageBackground" -@ID @Code { -"@PageBackground { @Scale 60d @Rotate lightgrey @Colour DRAFT }" -} -Its value is an object which is drawn on each page, within the -margins, before the page contents are drawn. This example draws -a large word DRAFT in light grey diagonally across each page: -@ID @Box margin { 0c } 0.2 @Scale @IncludeGraphic draft.eps -You have to find a suitable angle by experiment. As Section -{@NumberOf scaling} explains, @Code "@Scale" with no scale factor -only takes account of the available horizontal space, not the -available vertical space, so if your angle is too steep the result -will be too tall for the page and you will get a regrettably obscure -warning message about a `broken size constraint.' The solution is -to try a smaller angle. -@PP -Another useful page background draws marks to show where the margins -boundarymarks @Index @Code "@BoundaryMarks" -cut.marks @Index { cut marks } -lie: -@ID @Code "@PageBackground { @BoundaryMarks }" -produces something like this around each page: -@DP @DP -@ID { |@DisplayIndent 3c @High 2c @Wide @HExpand @VExpand @BoundaryMarks } -@DP @DP -The @Code "@BoundaryMarks" symbol has options for controlling the -line width (thickness), the line length, and the gap between the -ends of the lines and the corner of the text area: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@PageBackground { - @BoundaryMarks - linewidth { 0.2p } - length { 0.5c } - gap { 0.5c } -} -} -This shows the default values: 0.2 points for line width, -0.5 centimetres for the others. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/fmt_setu b/doc/doc/user/fmt_setu deleted file mode 100644 index 2e38a0d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/fmt_setu +++ /dev/null @@ -1,211 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Setup files } - @Tag { setup } -@Begin -@PP -As mentioned briefly in Section {@NumberOf start}, each Lout document -begins with an instruction to include (i.e. to read) a @I { setup file }: -setup.files. @Index { setup files } -sysinclude. @Index @Code "@SysInclude" -system.include @Index { system include directory } -doc.file @Index { @Code "doc" file } -@ID @Code "@SysInclude { doc }" -The setup file's name in this example is @Code { doc }, and the @Code Sys -in @Code "@SysInclude" means that @Code doc is stored in the @I { Lout -system include directory }, which is where all the standard setup files -are kept. Each document type (Chapter {@NumberOf types}) has its own -setup file, and each specialized package (for equations, tables, and -so on) has a setup file too. -@PP -To change the overall format of a document, you need to create your own -setup file by copying and modifying one of the standard ones. We will -assume that you are making an ordinary document, with the @Code doc -setup file, but a similar procedure works for any setup file. -@PP -You first need to find out the name of the Lout system include -directory, by typing -@ID @Code "lout -V" -in Unix. This causes Lout to print out various facts about itself. Then, -supposing that this tells you that the Lout system include directory -is @Code { "/usr/lout/include" }, type the Unix command -@ID @Code "cp /usr/lout/include/doc mydoc" -to copy the @Code doc setup file into your directory, -mydoc.file @Index { @Code "mydoc" file } -renaming it @Code {mydoc}. Since @Code "doc" is read-only, you may -need to change the mode of @Code mydoc to be writable (by -@Code "chmod +w mydoc" in Unix). Now replace -@ID @Code "@SysInclude { doc }" -at the beginning of your document by -@ID @Code "@Include { mydoc }" -and Lout will read @Code mydoc as the setup file instead of -@Code { doc }. Since the two files are at present identical, this has -changed nothing so far; but now any changes you make to @Code mydoc -will affect your document. Notice the use of @Code "@Include" -rather than @Code { "@SysInclude" }; @Code "@Include" will search your -current directory for @Code { mydoc }, whereas @Code "@SysInclude" -searches only the system directory. -@PP -The remainder of this section is a tour through @Code {doc}, -explaining the various parts and how to modify them. The first lines -that actually do anything are these: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { langdefs }" -"@SysInclude { bsf }" -"@SysInclude { dsf }" -"@SysInclude { docf }" -} -We already know that @Code "@SysInclude" causes Lout to read a file from -the Lout system include directory. File @Code langdefs -langdefs.file @Index { @Code "langdefs" file } -tells Lout what languages there are, and files @Code "bsf" and -@Code "dsf" contain -bsf.file @Index { @Code "bsf" file } -dsf.file @Index { @Code "dsf" file } -the definitions of the BasicSetup and DocumentSetup packages, in which -all the symbols of the first two chapters of this guide are defined. File -@Code "docf" contains extra definitions specific to -docf.file @Index { @Code "docf" file } -ordinary documents (as distinct from technical reports, books, or the -other document types of Chapter {@NumberOf types}). So this line -will be different in the setup files for those other types. -@PP -The next line is -@ID @Code { -"@Include { mydefs }" -} -This searches your current directory for a file called @Code { mydefs }, -which (as Section {@NumberOf definitions} explains) is intended to hold -your own personal set of definitions of new symbols. It does no harm -if there is no @Code "mydefs" file in your current directory, because -@Code "@Include" then searches the Lout system include directory for -it, and there is an empty @Code mydefs file there. When using your own -setup file, you might prefer to delete @Code "@Include { mydefs }" and -put your definitions in its place, so that you have one file of setup -material rather than two. -@PP -Next we come to the BasicSetup @Code "@Use" clause. It looks like this: -use. @Index @Code "@Use" -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Use { @BasicSetup - # @InitialFont { Times Base 12p } - # @InitialBreak { {adjust 1.20fx hyphen} @OrIfPlain {ragged 1fx nohyphen} } - # @InitialSpace { lout } - # @InitialLanguage { English } - # @InitialColour { black } - # @InitialBackgroundColour { white } - # @OptimizePages { No } - # @HeadingFont { Bold } - # @ParaGap { 1.3vx @OrIfPlain 1f } - # @ParaIndent { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } -} -} -@Code "@BasicSetup" is a symbol, and @Code { "@InitialFont" }, -basic.layout @Index @Code "@BasicSetup" -@Code { "@InitialBreak" }, etc. are its options. There are more options -than we've shown; the display above just shows the first -few. You change the overall format of your document by changing -these options. -@PP -A @Code "#" causes Lout to ignore that character and the rest of the -line (such ignored parts are called {@I comments} and @Code "#" is -the @I { comment character }). As it stands, then, the options are -all hidden within comments, so their default values (shown within braces -in the comments) are in force. To change an option, delete the @Code "#" -and change the value between braces. For example, to set the document -in Helvetica 10 point font, change the @Code { "@InitialFont" } line to -@ID @Code "@InitialFont { Helvetica Base 10p }" -We won't go through all the options now, since they are the subject of -following sections. -@PP -The @Code "@OrIfPlain" symbol that appears within some setup file -options is used to set the value of the option differently when -plain text output (Section {@NumberOf plain}) is being produced. For -example, the default value of @Code "@InitialBreak" is usually -{@Code "adjust 1.20fx hyphen"}, but when plain text is being produced -it switches to {@Code "ragged 1fx nohyphen"}. When changing such -options you can leave the @Code "@OrIfPlain" symbol there and change -one or both of the alternative values as you wish. -@PP -Next comes a similar @Code "@Use" clause, for the DocumentSetup package: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Use { @DocumentSetup - # @PageType { A4 @OrIfPlain Other } - # @PageWidth { 80s } - # @PageHeight { 66f } - # @PageOrientation { Portrait } - # @PageBackground {} - # @TopMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 6f } -} -} -This one has many options, starting with options for page -layout as shown, then going on to figures and tables, tables of -contents, etc. -@PP -The standard setup files are all much the same up to this point; the -main variation is that in some files, some options are already set. The -@Code "slides" setup file, for example, contains -@ID @Code "@InitialFont { Times Base 20p }" -so that overhead transparencies will have a large font size. However, -now comes a third @Code "@Use" clause whose symbol and options depend -on the document type. For ordinary documents (i.e. in the @Code "doc" -setup file) this clause is (once again we show just some of the options): -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Use { @OrdinarySetup - # @IndexWord { index } - # @AppendixWord { appendix } - # @SectionNumbers { Arabic } - # @AppendixNumbers { UCAlpha } - # @SectionHeadingFont { Bold } -} -} -In the @Code slides setup file for overhead transparencies, we find this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Use { @OverheadSetup - # @DateLine { No } - # @ContentsWord { contents } - # @FirstOverheadNumber { 1 } - # @OverheadNumbers { Arabic } - # @TitlePageFont { Helvetica Base 1.5f } - # @OverheadHeadingFont { Bold } - # @OverheadInContents { No } -} -} -In general this third @Code "@Use" clause assigns values to options -specific to the document type we are using, whereas the first and -second @Code "@Use" clauses assign values to options that are relevant to many -or all document types. -@PP -The setup file ends with a comment identifying a spot where database -declarations may -database.dec @Index { database declarations, where to put } -be put, and two such declarations, one for fonts and the other for -reference printing styles. -@PP -The setup files used with other packages, such as C and C++ program printing, -diagrams, and graphs, are similar to the @Code { doc } setup file we -have just gone through. They contain a @@SysInclude line analogous to -@Code "@SysInclude { dsf }" for reading the package's definition, followed -by a @@Use clause for setting the package's options. The same procedure -is followed for changing these options. For example, to change the -options of the @Code "diag" package, copy file @Code "diag" from the -Lout system include directory to your directory, replace the -@ID @Code "@SysInclude { diag }" -line at the top of your document by {@Code "@Include { mydiag }"}, then -edit @Code "mydiag" and change the options as you wish. -@PP -If you are using several packages and you would like a single setup file, -that is quite easy to arrange. For example, suppose you have -@ID @Code { -"@Include { mydoc }" -"@Include { mydiag }" -"@Include { mycprint }" -} -To create a single setup file, just concatenate these three files into -one file (call it @Code { mysetup }, say), and replace the three lines by -@ID @Code { -"@Include { mysetup }" -} -As explained earlier, you can even replace the @Code "@Include { mydefs }" -line within the setup file by the actual definitions, giving just one -file of setup material for the entire document. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/fmt_size b/doc/doc/user/fmt_size deleted file mode 100644 index 8418f30..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/fmt_size +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Page size and page orientation } - @Tag { pagesize } -@Begin -@PP -This section explains how to use the setup file options that determine -page size and page orientation. Here they are with their default values: -page.type @Index @Code "@PageType" -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@PageType { A4 } -@PageWidth {} -@PageHeight {} -@PageOrientation { Portrait } -} -The default value at your site may be different, since installers of -Lout are recommended to set it to the usual size of a piece of paper -at their location. The easy way to change the page size is to set -the @Code "@PageType" option to the name of the paper you use: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmtb { @Col ! @Col ! @Col @I @RR B ! @Col @I @RR C } - @Fmta { @Col @Code { "@PageType {" A "}" } ! @Col ! @Col @Code @CC B ! - @Col @Code @CC C } -{ -@Rowb B { width in points } C { height in points } -@Rowa A { Letter } B { 612p } C { 792p } -@Rowa A { Tabloid } B { 792p } C { 1224p } -@Rowa A { Ledger } B { 1224p } C { 792p } -@Rowa A { Legal } B { 612p } C { 1008p } -@Rowa A { Statement } B { 396p } C { 612p } -@Rowa A { Executive } B { 540p } C { 720p } -@Rowa A { A0 } B { 2380p } C { 3368p } -@Rowa A { A1 } B { 1684p } C { 2380p } -@Rowa A { A2 } B { 1190p } C { 1684p } -@Rowa A { A3 } B { 842p } C { 1190p } -@Rowa A { A4 } B { 595p } C { 842p } -@Rowa A { A5 } B { 420p } C { 595p } -@Rowa A { ISOB4 } B { 709p } C { 1001p } -@Rowa A { ISOB5 } B { 499p } C { 709p } -@Rowa A { JISB4 } B { 729p } C { 1032p } -@Rowa A { JISB5 } B { 516p } C { 729p } -@Rowa A { B4 } B { 729p } C { 1032p } -@Rowa A { B5 } B { 516p } C { 729p } -@Rowa A { Folio } B { 612p } C { 936p } -@Rowa A { Quarto } B { 610p } C { 780p } -@Rowa A { 10x14 } B { 720p } C { 1008p } -} -This will automatically assign the widths and heights shown above to -the @Code "@PageWidth" and @Code "@PageHeight" options, so you don't -have to worry about those options. It is recommended that {@Code ISOB4} -or {@Code JISB4} be used instead of {@Code B4}, and that {@Code ISOB5} -or {@Code JISB5} be used instead of {@Code B5}. If your paper size -is not on this list, set @Code "@PageType" to @Code Other and supply -your own width and height: -page.width @Index @Code "@PageWidth" -page.height @Index @Code "@PageHeight" -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A } -{ -@Rowa A { "@PageType { Other }" } -@Rowa A { "@PageWidth { 12.0c }" } -@Rowa A { "@PageHeight { 18.0c }" } -} -The width and height may each be any length (Section {@NumberOf objects}), -and do not have to be in points. -@PP -The basic page orientations are @I portrait and @I landscape: -page.orientation @Index @Code "@PageOrientation" -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 8c @Wide @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@PageOrientation { Portrait }" } - B { @Box 1.0c @Wide 1.4c @High { Hello } } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@PageOrientation { Landscape }" } - B { @Box 1.4c @Wide 1.0c @High { Hello } } -} -When changing to {@Code Landscape}, do not change the page type, page -width, or page height, and do not change the way you feed your paper -into the printer. Lout knows what to do. -@PP -Two other orientations are provided which are 180@Degree rotations of -the basic ones: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col 8c @Wide @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@PageOrientation { ReversePortrait }" } - B { @Box 1.0c @Wide 1.4c @High { //1rt &1rt 180d @Rotate Hello } } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@PageOrientation { ReverseLandscape }" } - B { @Box 1.4c @Wide 1.0c @High { //1rt &1rt 180d @Rotate Hello } } -} -# @Code ReverseLandscape might be useful when post-processing the -# PostScript output to print two landscape pages per sheet. -The @Code "@PageOrientation" symbol is available at the start of a -document, as well as in the setup file, like {@Code "@InitialFont"} -and {@Code "@PageHeaders"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra b/doc/doc/user/gra deleted file mode 100644 index 58c73ac..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Graphs } - @Tag { graphs } -@Begin -@LP -This chapter describes how to draw graphs, using the @Code "@Graph" -graphs. @Index { graphs (statistical) } -graph. @Index @Code "@Graph" -symbol. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Graph" -" abovecaption { New South Wales road deaths, 1960--1990" -"(fatalities per 100 million vehicle km) }" -"{" -" @Data points { plus } pairs { dashed }" -" { 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 }" -"}" -} -produces the graph -@CD @Graph - abovecaption { New South Wales road deaths, 1960--1990 -(fatalities per 100 million vehicle km) } -{ - @Data - points { plus } - pairs { dashed } - { - 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 - } -} -The features of @Code "@Graph" include captions, automatic and manual -ticks and labels, logarithmic axes, histograms, and plotting of -mathematical functions. -@BeginSections -@Include { gra_intr } -@Include { gra_over } -@Include { gra_capt } -@Include { gra_tick } -@Include { gra_data } -@Include { gra_plac } -@Include { gra_func } -@Include { gra_keys } -@Include { gra_erro } -@Include { gra_summ } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_capt b/doc/doc/user/gra_capt deleted file mode 100644 index 6c7e77c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_capt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,110 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Captions } - @Tag { captions } -@Begin -@PP -There are options for placing captions above, below, left, and right of -captions. @RawIndex { captions } -captions.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.captions @SubIndex { captions } -graphs.abovecaption @SubIndex { @Code abovecaption option } -abovecaption. @RawIndex { @Code "abovecaption" option } -abovecaption.graph @SubIndex { in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.belowcaption @SubIndex { @Code belowcaption option } -belowcaption. @RawIndex { @Code "belowcaption" option } -belowcaption.graph @SubIndex { in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.leftcaption @SubIndex { @Code leftcaption option } -leftcaption. @RawIndex { @Code "leftcaption" option } -leftcaption.graph @SubIndex { in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.rightcaption @SubIndex { @Code rightcaption option } -rightcaption. @RawIndex { @Code "rightcaption" option } -rightcaption.graph @SubIndex { in graphs } -the frame: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Graph" -" abovecaption { This appears above }" -" belowcaption { This appears below }" -" leftcaption { At left }" -" rightcaption { At right }" -"{" -"}" -} -produces -@CD @Graph - abovecaption { This appears above } - belowcaption { This appears below } - leftcaption { At left } - rightcaption { At right } -{ -} -The captions may be arbitrary Lout objects, so may include -equations, {@Code "@Rotate"}, and so on. Each caption except -@Code rightcaption is printed in the -@Code "clines @Break" style, which means that multiple lines in one -caption will be centred beneath each other. The @Code rightcaption -option uses the @Code "lines @Break" style, in which the lines are -left justified beneath each other. Incidentally, this example shows -what happens if there is no data. -@PP -There are options for controlling the amount of space between each -caption (when non-empty) and the frame. Here they are with their -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.abovegap @SubIndex { @Code abovegap option } -abovegap. @RawIndex { @Code "abovegap" option } -abovegap.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.belowgap @SubIndex { @Code belowgap option } -belowgap. @RawIndex { @Code "belowgap" option } -belowgap.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.leftgap @SubIndex { @Code leftgap option } -leftgap. @RawIndex { @Code "leftgap" option } -leftgap.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.rightgap @SubIndex { @Code rightgap option } -rightgap. @RawIndex { @Code "rightgap" option } -rightgap.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - abovegap { 0.5c } - belowgap { 0.5c } - leftgap { 1.5c } - rightgap { 0.5c } -{ - ... -} -} -This is particularly important in the case of {@Code "leftgap"} (and -@Code "rightgap" if @Code rticks is used), because -Lout has no idea how wide the ticks and labels attached to the y axis -are; 1.5c is just a wild guess and often needs adjustment. On the -other hand, Lout does know how high the ticks and labels on the x axis -are; it allows 1.7 times the current font size for them, and -@Code "belowgap" is additional to this. -@PP -When a graph is to be presented as a centred display, it is generally -best if the centring is done with respect to the frame alone, not the -captions, ticks, and labels. The @Code "hidecaptions" option does this by -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.hidecaptions @SubIndex { @Code hidecaptions option } -hidecaptions. @RawIndex { @Code "hidecaptions" option } -hidecaptions.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -making the left and right captions and gaps seem to Lout to have zero width: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - hidecaptions { yes } -{ - ... -} -} -Actually @Code "yes" has been made the default value, since the vast -majority of graphs are centred displays. In the rare cases where -this feature is not wanted (for example, if a graph appears as an entry -in a table), use {@Code "hidecaptions { no }"}. The y and r ticks and labels -seem to Lout to have zero width already, so do not need to be hidden. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_data b/doc/doc/user/gra_data deleted file mode 100644 index 318cd20..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_data +++ /dev/null @@ -1,382 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the appearance of the data } - @Tag { data } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Data" symbol has options for controlling the -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.data @SubIndex { @Code "@Data" symbol } -data.graph @Index { @Code "@Data" symbol (graphs) } -appearance of its data. We have already seen the -@Code "points" option, which controls what is printed at each data -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.points @SubIndex { @Code points option } -points.graph @Index { @Code "points" option (graphs) } -point: -@CD @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B ! @Col ! @Col @Code C ! @Col D } -{ -@Rowa - A { cross } - B { @GraphCross } - C { plus } - D { @GraphPlus } -@Rowa - A { square } - B { @GraphSquare } - C { filledsquare } - D { @GraphFilledSquare } -@Rowa - A { diamond } - B { @GraphDiamond } - C { filleddiamond } - D { @GraphFilledDiamond } -@Rowa - A { circle } - B { @GraphCircle } - C { filledcircle } - D { @GraphFilledCircle } -@Rowa - A { triangle } - B { @GraphTriangle } - C { filledtriangle } - D { @GraphFilledTriangle } -} -Filled and open squares have exactly the same size, filled and open -diamonds have exactly the same size, and so on. If the @Code "points" -option is omitted or empty, nothing is printed. The symbols are -centred over the data point. There is a @Code "symbolsize" -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.symbolsize @SubIndex { @Code symbolsize option } -symbolsize.graph @Index { @Code "symbolsize" option (graphs) } -option which controls the size (radius) of all these symbols, and -a @Code "symbollinewidth" option which controls their line width: -# @FootNote { -# The @Code "symbollinewidth" option was introduced in Version 3.37, -# as part of a bug fix which also caused the printed size of some -# symbols to change slightly. -# } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Data" -" symbolsize { 0.15f }" -" symbollinewidth { 0.5p }" -} -shows their default values, 0.15 times the current font size and half -a point. More precisely, these default values are taken from options -to the @Code "@Graph" symbol with the same names. By setting those -options you can therefore control all data points in the graph at -once. The @Code "symbollinewidth" option does not affect the -appearance of @Code { filledsquare }, @Code { filleddiamond }, -@Code { filledcircle }, or @Code { filledtriangle }. -@PP -The @Code "@Data" symbol also has a @Code "pairs" option which -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.pairs @SubIndex { @Code pairs option } -pairs.graph @Index { @Code "pairs" option (graphs) } -determines how each pair of points is connected. The choices are -@Code none (not connected, the default), @Code solid (a solid line), -@Code dashed (a dashed line), @Code dotted (a dotted line), or -@Code { dotdashed }, @Code { dotdotdashed }, and @Code { dotdotdotdashed } -for mixing dots and dashes. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - abovecaption { Estimated population of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia } -{ - @Data points { plus } pairs { solid } - { 1720 12000 1730 13000 1740 15601 1760 15631 1770 15877 } - - @Data points { plus } pairs { dashed } - { 1720 7000 1730 8622 1740 10451 1750 14255 1760 18000 1770 22667 } - - @Data points { plus } pairs { dotdashed } - { 1720 10000 1730 11500 1740 12654 1750 18202 1760 23750 1770 34583 } -} -} -produces -@CD @Graph - abovecaption { Estimated population of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia -} -{ - @Data points { plus } pairs { solid } - { 1720 12000 1730 13000 1740 15601 1760 15631 1770 15877 } - - @Data points { plus } pairs { dashed } - { 1720 7000 1730 8622 1740 10451 1750 14255 1760 18000 1770 22667 } - - @Data points { plus } pairs { dotdashed } - { 1720 10000 1730 11500 1740 12654 1750 18202 1760 23750 1770 34583 } - -} -(R. C. Simmons, @I { The American Colonies }, W. W. Norton, New York, -1981.) We will see in Section {@NumberOf key} how to add an explanatory key to -this graph. If the points have symbols, these connecting lines will stop 1.5 -symbolsizes away from the data points, so as not to overstrike them. If -the points have no symbols and @Code "pairs" is {@Code "dashed"}, the -first and last dash in each segment will have half the length of the -others. -@PP -A @Code "dashlength" option controls the length of dashes and also the -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.dashlength @SubIndex { @Code dashlength option } -dashlength.graph @Index { @Code "dashlength" option (graphs) } -separation between dots, and a @Code "linewidth" option controls the -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.linewidth @SubIndex { @Code linewidth option } -linewidth.graph @Index { @Code "linewidth" option (graphs) } -width (thickness) of the lines and dots: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Data - dashlength { 0.2f } - linewidth { 0.5p } -{ - ... -} -} -This shows the default values, {@Code "0.2f"} for @Code "dashlength" -and {@Code "0.5p"} (half a point) for {@Code "linewidth"}. Actually -the default value for @Code "linewidth" is whatever happens to be -already in use, but Lout sets line widths to half a point initially. -This option also controls the separation between bars in histograms. -@PP -The @Code "pairs" option is also used for producing histograms, like -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.histograms @SubIndex { histograms } -histograms. @Index { histograms } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.yhisto @SubIndex { @Code yhisto option } -yhisto.graph @Index { @Code "yhisto" option (graphs) } -this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - hidecaptions { yes } - abovecaption { Computer Science 3 Results (1993) } - leftcaption { Number of -students } - belowcaption { Final mark (%) } - yextra { 0c } - ymax { 80 } -{ - @Data pairs { yhisto } - { 0 1 10 3 20 2 30 4 40 15 50 60 60 58 70 28 80 15 90 7 100 0 } -} -} -which has result -@CD @Graph - hidecaptions { yes } - abovecaption { Computer Science 3 Results (1993) } - leftcaption { Number of -students } - belowcaption { Final mark (%) } - yextra { 0c } - ymax { 80 } -{ - @Data - pairs { yhisto } - { 0 1 10 3 20 2 30 4 40 15 50 60 60 58 70 28 80 15 90 7 100 0 } -} -Note carefully that one y histogram rectangle occupies the space from -one x value to the next, with height equal to the y value lying between -these two x values. This means that the very last y value has no effect -on the result (however, there must be a last y value anyway). -@PP -There is an alternative to @Code "yhisto" called {@Code "surfaceyhisto"}: -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.surfaceyhisto @SubIndex { @Code surfaceyhisto option } -surfaceyhisto.graph @Index { @Code "surfaceyhisto" option (graphs) } -@CD @Graph - hidecaptions { yes } - abovecaption { Computer Science 3 Results (1993) } - leftcaption { Number of -students } - belowcaption { Final mark (%) } - yextra { 0c } - ymax { 80 } -{ - @Data - pairs { surfaceyhisto } - { 0 1 10 3 20 2 30 4 40 15 50 60 60 58 70 28 80 15 90 7 100 0 } -} -As you can see, @Code "surfaceyhisto" draws just the surface of the -histogram, not the descending lines. -@PP -There are @Code "xhisto" and @Code "surfacexhisto" values of -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xhisto @SubIndex { @Code xhisto option } -xhisto.graph @Index { @Code "xhisto" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.surfacexhisto @SubIndex { @Code surfacexhisto option } -surfacexhisto.graph @Index { @Code "surfacexhisto" option (graphs) } -@Code "pairs" which produce a histogram whose bars are parallel to -the x axis. There are also {@Code "filledyhisto" } and -{@Code "filledxhisto" } values which produce filled rectangles rather -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.filledxhisto @SubIndex { @Code filledxhisto option } -filledxhisto.graph @Index { @Code "filledxhisto" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.filledyhisto @SubIndex { @Code filledyhisto option } -filledyhisto.graph @Index { @Code "filledyhisto" option (graphs) } -than outlined ones: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - abovecaption { Fertility rates in some developing countries } - xextra { 0c } - yextra { 0c } - xmax { 8 } - yticks { - 1.5 (Turkey) 2.5 (Thailand) - 3.5 (Indonesia) 4.5 (Costa Rica) - 5.5 (Colombia) 6.5 (Cameroon) - 7.5 (Botswana) 8.5 (Bangladesh) - } - yticklength { 0c } -{ - @Data - pairs { filledxhisto } - { 0 1 3.2 2 2.2 3 3.0 4 3.5 5 2.8 6 5.9 7 4.8 8 5.3 9 } -} -} -produces -@CD @Graph - abovecaption { Fertility rates in some developing countries } - xextra { 0c } - yextra { 0c } - xmax { 8 } - yticks { 1.5 (Turkey) 2.5 (Thailand) 3.5 (Indonesia) 4.5 (Costa Rica) - 5.5 (Colombia) 6.5 (Cameroon) 7.5 (Botswana) 8.5 (Bangladesh) } - yticklength { 0c } -{ - @Data - pairs { filledxhisto } - { 0 1 3.2 2 2.2 3 3.0 4 3.5 5 2.8 6 5.9 7 4.8 8 5.3 9 } -} -(Bryant Robey, Shea O. Rutstein, and Leo Morros: The fertility decline in -developing countries, @I { Scientific American }, December 1993.) Once -again each bar goes from one y value to the next, with its x value -equal to the x value lying between the two y values; this time the very -first x value has no effect on the result. -@PP -The colour of one set of data can be changed with a @Code "colour" -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.colour @SubIndex { @Code colour option } -colour.graph @Index { @Code "colour" option (graphs) } -option: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Data - colour { blue } -} -For the complete list of acceptable colours, see Section -{@NumberOf colour}. The @Code "colour" option's name may also be -spelt @Code {"color"}. -@PP -It is also possible to paint the area between the data points and -the x axis (or frame if @Code "style" is not {@Code "axes"}), using -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.paint @SubIndex { @Code paint option } -paint. @RawIndex { @Code "paint" option } -paint.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Data" -" paint { yes }" -} -The paint colour is determined by the @Code "colour" option just -introduced; it will be @Code "black" if no colour is specified. Paint -(including white paint) hides paint, points, and lines drawn by previous -data sets. However the points and lines of each data set are drawn after -painting that set, so they cannot be hidden under their own paint; and -axes and frames are drawn last so that they too are never hidden. -@PP -Wherever there is a @Code paint option in Lout's standard packages, -there is a neighbouring @Code texture option. For historical reasons -the @Code paint option of @Code "@Graph" is not quite the same as other -@Code "paint" options, but the @Code "texture" option is available -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.texture @SubIndex { @Code texture option } -texture.option. @RawIndex { @Code "texture" option } -texture.option.in.graph @SubIndex { in graphs } -as usual: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - yextra { 0c } -{ - @Data - paint { yes } - texture { chessboard angle { 45d } } - { 0 0.00 1 1.00 2 1.50 3 1.83 4 2.08 5 2.28 6 2.45 } -} -} -produces -@FootNote { -If you can't see any textures here, the fault is probably with your -PostScript viewer. See Section {@NumberOf textures}. -} -@CD @Graph - yextra { 0c } -{ - @Data - paint { yes } - texture { striped angle { 90d } } - { 0 0.00 1 1.00 2 1.50 3 1.83 4 2.08 5 2.28 6 2.45 } -} -Any value acceptable to the @Code "texture" option of @Code "@Box" -(Section {@NumberOf boxes}) is acceptable here. The @Code "texture" -option will also give a texture to the filled areas of a -{@Code filledxhisto} or {@Code filledyhisto}: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - yextra { 0c } -{ - @Data - pairs { filledyhisto } - texture { striped angle { 45d } } - { 0 0.00 1 1.00 2 1.50 3 1.83 4 2.08 5 2.28 6 2.45 7 0 } -} -} -produces -@CD @Graph - yextra { 0c } -{ - @Data - pairs { filledyhisto } - texture { striped angle { 45d } } - { 0 0.00 1 1.00 2 1.50 3 1.83 4 2.08 5 2.28 6 2.45 7 0 } -} -If you want the bars to vary in colour or texture, you have to give -multiple @Code "@Data" sets, one for each combination of colour and -texture. -@PP -A @Code "dataformat" option is provided for changing the interpretation -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.dataformat @SubIndex { @Code dataformat option } -dataformat.graph @Index { @Code "dataformat" option (graphs) } -of the data. Ordinarily, as we know, the numbers are taken to be pairs of -x and y coordinates, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Data" -"{" -" x y x y ... x y" -"}" -} -However, by setting @Code "dataformat" to {@Code "yonly"}, the -interpretation is changed to a sequence of y coordinates only: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Data" -" dataformat { yonly }" -"{" -" y y ... y" -"}" -} -and x values 1, 2, and so on are inserted automatically, as though -the original input was -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Data" -"{" -" 1 y 2 y ..." -"}" -} -Similarly, {@Code "xonly"} inserts y values 1, 2, and so on. The -default value, {@Code "xandy"}, gives the usual interpretation, and -{@Code "swapxandy"} exchanges adjacent pairs of numbers: the data -is interpreted as @M { (y, x) } pairs rather than @M { (x, y) } -pairs. The layout of data on lines has no effect on the interpretation. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_erro b/doc/doc/user/gra_erro deleted file mode 100644 index 2a11dba..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_erro +++ /dev/null @@ -1,48 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Errors } - @Tag { grerrors } -@Begin -@PP -Lout normally produces output that will print without mishap on -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.errors @SubIndex { errors } -errors. @RawIndex { errors } -errors.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -any PostScript device. However, some of the options of @Code "@Graph" -and all of the data and labels are passed through Lout without -checking. Any errors in this material will not be detected -until the file is printed. -@PP -The most likely errors are @I { rangecheck errors}, for example if -an attempt is made to divide by zero or take the square root of a -negative number, and @I { undefined errors }, arising from symbols -misspelt, use of @Code "x" outside an {@Code "xloop"}, etc. Less commonly, -everything may be correct but the graph is too large in some -way: too much data, expression too deeply nested, and so on. -@PP -When an error is detected, @Code "@Graph" arranges for the offending page -to be printed up to where the error occurred, with a message describing -the error. Printing of the document is then aborted. The problem is -usually easy to locate since it lies in whatever should have been printed -next. -@PP -If you see @Code VMerror in an error message, it means that the printer -has run out of memory. All the data is stored in the printer while the -graph is being printed, and it remains there until the end of the current -page, when it is discarded and all memory consumed by the graph is -reclaimed. If you do run out of memory, one option is to try -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.save @SubIndex { @Code save option } -save. @RawIndex { @Code "save" option } -save.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - save { yes } -... -} -This causes the memory used by the graph to be reclaimed as soon as -the graph is printed, which might solve your problem if you have -several graphs on one page. However, if the graph is inside some -other major package, notably {@Code "@Diag"}, this could cause -PostScript errors in that package. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_func b/doc/doc/user/gra_func deleted file mode 100644 index fbe3df4..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_func +++ /dev/null @@ -1,180 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Mathematical functions, loops, and tests } - @Tag { functions } -@Begin -@PP -@Code "@Graph" offers quite a large selection of mathematical functions, -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.mathematical @SubIndex { mathematical functions } -mathematical.functions @Index { mathematical functions in graphs } -available everywhere that x and y coordinates are required: within -the @Code xticks and @Code yticks options, within the points within -the @Code "objects" option, and within the right parameter of the -@Code "@Data" symbol. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Data - pairs { solid } -{ - 0 0 pi sin { pi/2 } -} -} -draws a solid line from @M {(0, 0)} to @M {(pi, sin(pi "/" 2))}. Section -{@NumberOf grsummary} lists all the functions; they include the four -arithmetical operators @M { non + }, @M { non - }, @M { non * }, and -@M { "/" }, as well as {@Code "sin"}, {@Code "cos"}, {@Code "sqrt"}, and -many others. Braces are used for grouping, never parentheses. -@PP -For plotting functions there are three looping symbols, {@Code "xloop"}, -{@Code "yloop"}, and {@Code "zloop"}. For example, the following plots -the two functions @M { y = 2 } and @M { y = sqrt { pi x "/" 4 } + 1 } -for @M { x } from 10 to 500: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { --2p @Font @Graph - style { axes } - xorigin { 0 } - yorigin { 0 } - width { 8c } - xticks { 10@ 50@ 100@ 200@ 500@ } - objects { @NE at { 300 2 } @I { Exponential } - @SE at { 300 sqrt { pi*300/4 } + 1 } @I { Uniform } } - belowcaption { @I n } - belowgap { 0c } - leftcaption { Right shell nodes } -{ - @Data points { filledcircle } - { 10 1.97 50 2.01 100 2.00 200 2.0 500 2.00 } - - @Data points { filledcircle } - { 10 3.53 50 7.45 100 9.32 200 13.41 500 21.63 } - - @Data pairs { dashed } - { 10 2 500 2 } - - @Data pairs { dashed } - { - xloop from { 10 } to { 500 } by { 20 } do - { - x sqrt { pi*x / 4 } + 1 - } - } -} -} -The @Code "do" option of @Code xloop is replicated repeatedly with each -occurrence of @Code x replaced by 10, 30, 50, ... up to 490. The -result is -@CD -2p @Font @Graph - style { axes } - xorigin { 0 } - yorigin { 0 } - width { 8c } - xticks { 10@ 50@ 100@ 200@ 500@ } - objects { - @NE at { 300 2 } @I { Exponential } - @SE at { 300 sqrt { pi*300/4 } + 1 } @I { Uniform } - } - belowcaption { @I n } - belowgap { 0c } - leftcaption { Right shell nodes } -{ - @Data points { filledcircle } - { 10 1.97 50 2.01 100 2.00 200 2.0 500 2.00 } - - @Data points { filledcircle } - { 10 3.53 50 7.45 100 9.32 200 13.41 500 21.63 } - - @Data pairs { dashed } - { 10 2 500 2 } - - @Data pairs { dashed } - { - xloop from { 10 } to { 500 } by { 20 } do - { - x sqrt { pi*x / 4 } + 1 - } - } -} -(Jeffrey H. Kingston, Analysis of tree algorithms for the simulation -event list. @I { Acta Informatica } {@B 22}, pp. 15--33 1985). The -points are connected by straight line segments as usual, but a -smallish @Code "by" option of about one-twentieth of the range creates -the illusion of a smooth curve quite well. -@PP -There is also an @Code "if" symbol which produces alternative results, -depending on whether a condition evaluates to @Code "true" or -{@Code"false"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -xloop from { -5 } to { +5 } by { 0.2 } do -{ - if cond { abs { x } > 0.1 } then { x 1/x } else {} -} -} -This plots the function @M { y = 1 "/" x }, skipping points near -zero. Actually the @Code "else" part could be omitted since its default -value is empty. -@PP -Adventurous users might enjoy nesting a @Code "yloop" or @Code "zloop" -within an {@Code "xloop"}, or using loops to generate ticks, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -xticks { - xloop from { 0 } to { 20 } do - { - x if cond { x mod 5 = 0 } then { @ } - } -} -} -The missing @Code "by" option defaults to 1, so this produces x ticks at -0, 1, 2, ..., 20, with labels at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. It is quite all -right to mix @Code "@" and even labels in with numbers, as long as the -final result obeys the rules of Section {@NumberOf ticks}. -@PP -You can define your own functions using Lout definitions, placed in your -@Code "mydefs" file as explained in Section {@NumberOf definitions}. Here -is an example of a function definition: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -import @Graph @Data -def @Tan - precedence 40 - right x -{ - sin x / cos x -} -} -This defines a function called @Code "@Tan" which implements the -trigonometric tangent function. It may then be used in expressions -just like any other function: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Data { - yloop from { 0 } to { 0.95 } by { 0.05 } do - { - y @Tan { y / pi } - } -} -} -Following is a detailed explanation. -@PP -The first line, {@Code "import @Graph @Data"}, is the import clause. Its -function is to grant the definition access to the three previously defined -functions (symbols) that it uses, namely {@Code "sin"}, {@Code "cos"}, -and {@Code "/"}. These are found within the @Code "@Data" symbol within -{@Code "@Graph"}. -@PP -After the import clause comes the @Code "def" keyword, meaning -`define,' and then the name of the symbol being defined, in this case -@Code "@Tan". We have chosen @Code "@Tan" rather than @Code "tan" -because symbols defined by the user in this way are visible throughout -the document, and we do not want the literal word @Code "tan" to be -taken as a symbol. -@PP -Next comes the symbol's precedence, in this case the same as @Code "sin" and -@Code "cos" (see Section {@NumberOf grsummary} for the precedence of -each symbol). Next is a list of the formal parameters, in this case -just one, called {@Code "x"}, that is to be passed on the right. -@PP -Finally comes the body of the definition enclosed in braces. When -@Code "@Tan" is invoked, its value will be this body with each occurrence -of the formal parameter @Code "x" replaced by the object following the -@Code "@Tan" symbol. For example, the @Code "do" option of the @Code -"yloop" above becomes -@ID @Code "y sin { y / pi } / cos { y / pi }" -as you would expect. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_intr b/doc/doc/user/gra_intr deleted file mode 100644 index 94d2cd3..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_intr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Introduction } - @Tag { grintro } -@Begin -@PP -The Lout definitions for graph formatting are kept in a file called -{@Code "graph"}, which you must include at the start of your document if -graph.file @Index { @Code "graph" file } -you want graphs, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { graph }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -Setup files like {@Code "graph"} are best included before the main -setup file. Once this is done, the @Code "@Graph" symbol will be -available for use anywhere within your document. -@PP -@Code "@Graph" distinguishes between the overall graph, produced by the -@Code "@Graph" symbol itself, and the data sets to be placed within it, -each of which is enclosed by a @Code "@Data" symbol: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@CentredDisplay @Graph" -"{" -" @Data points { plus }" -" { 1 1.10 2 1.21 3 1.33 4 1.46 5 1.61 6 1.77 7 1.95 8 2.14 }" -"" -" @Data points { circle }" -" { 1 1.20 2 1.44 3 1.73 4 2.07 5 2.45 6 2.99 7 3.58 8 4.30 }" -"}" -} -Although it is good practice to lay the input data out neatly, layout -has no effect on the result. It is not necessary to have one data point -per line, for example. The result of this example is -@CentredDisplay @Graph -{ - @Data - points { plus } - { 1 1.10 2 1.21 3 1.33 4 1.46 5 1.61 6 1.77 7 1.95 8 2.14 } - - @Data - points { circle } - { 1 1.20 2 1.44 3 1.73 4 2.07 5 2.45 6 2.99 7 3.58 8 4.30 } -} -We have used the @Code "@CentredDisplay" symbol from Section -{@NumberOf displays} to produce a centred display, but the -@Code "@Graph" symbol produces an object which may appear anywhere -at all. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_keys b/doc/doc/user/gra_keys deleted file mode 100644 index e3a7e5a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_keys +++ /dev/null @@ -1,171 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Adding a key to the graph } - @Tag { key } -@Begin -@PP -A @I key to a graph is an explanation of what each data set -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.keys @SubIndex { keys } -keys.graph @Index { keys in graphs } -represents. To assist you in constructing a key, some extra symbols -are provided in addition to {@Code "@Graph"}: -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphcross @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphCross" symbol } -{ graphacross } @Index { @Code "@GraphCross" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphplus @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphPlus" symbol } -{ graphaplus } @Index { @Code "@GraphPlus" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphsquare @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphSquare" symbol } -{ graphasquare } @Index { @Code "@GraphSquare" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphfilled.square @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphFilledSquare" symbol } -{ graphafilled.square } @Index { @Code "@GraphFilledSquare" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphdiamond @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphDiamond" symbol } -{ graphadiamond } @Index { @Code "@GraphDiamond" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphfilled.diamond @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphFilledDiamond" symbol } -{ graphafilled.diamond } @Index { @Code "@GraphFilledDiamond" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphcircle @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphCircle" symbol } -{ graphacircle } @Index { @Code "@GraphCircle" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphfilled.circle @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphFilledCircle" symbol } -{ graphafilled.circle } @Index { @Code "@GraphFilledCircle" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphtriangle @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphTriangle" symbol } -{ graphatriangle } @Index { @Code "@GraphTriangle" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphfilled.triangle @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphFilledTriangle" symbol } -{ graphafilled.triangle } @Index { @Code "@GraphFilledTriangle" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphnoline @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphNoLine" symbol } -{ graphanoline } @Index { @Code "@GraphNoLine" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphsolid @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphSolid" symbol } -{ graphasolid } @Index { @Code "@GraphSolid" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphdashed @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphDashed" symbol } -{ graphadashed } @Index { @Code "@GraphDashed" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphdotted @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphDotted" symbol } -{ graphadotted } @Index { @Code "@GraphDotted" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphdotdashed @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphDotDashed" symbol } -{ graphadotdashed } @Index { @Code "@GraphDotDashed" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphdotdotdashed @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphDotDotDashed" symbol } -{ graphadotdotdashed } @Index { @Code "@GraphDotDotDashed" symbol (graphs) } - -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.graphdotdotdotdashed @SubIndex { @Code "@GraphDotDotDotDashed" symbol } -{ graphadotdotdotdashed } @Index { @Code "@GraphDotDotDotDashed" symbol (graphs) } - -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B ! @Col @Code C ! @Col D } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@GraphCross" } - B { @GraphCross } - C { "@GraphPlus" } - D { @GraphPlus } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphSquare" } - B { @GraphSquare } - C { "@GraphFilledSquare" } - D { @GraphFilledSquare } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphDiamond" } - B { @GraphDiamond } - C { "@GraphFilledDiamond" } - D { @GraphFilledDiamond } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphCircle" } - B { @GraphCircle } - C { "@GraphFilledCircle" } - D { @GraphFilledCircle } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphTriangle" } - B { @GraphTriangle } - C { "@GraphFilledTriangle" } - D { @GraphFilledTriangle } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@GraphNoLine" } - B { @GraphNoLine } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphSolid" } - B { @GraphSolid } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphDashed" } - B { @GraphDashed } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphDotted" } - B { @GraphDotted } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphDotDashed" } - B { @GraphDotDashed } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphDotDotDashed" } - B { @GraphDotDotDashed } -@Rowa - A { "@GraphDotDotDotDashed" } - B { @GraphDotDotDotDashed } -} -These extra symbols may be used anywhere in your document except within -the right parameter of {@Code "@Graph"}; they are commonly used within -the caption options of {@Code "@Graph"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - rightcaption { -@GraphPlus @GraphSolid @GraphPlus Boston -@GraphPlus @GraphDashed @GraphPlus New York -@GraphPlus @GraphDotDashed @GraphPlus Philadelphia -} -} -(You can also use them within the @Code objects option, which -is the way to place your key within the graph itself.) -Recall that unlike the other captions, @Code rightcaption is set using -the @Code "lines @Break" style rather than {@Code "clines @Break"} -(Section {@NumberOf captions}). Adding this caption to the graph -from Section {@NumberOf data}, the complete result is -@CD @Graph - rightcaption { -@GraphPlus @GraphSolid @GraphPlus Boston -@GraphPlus @GraphDashed @GraphPlus New York -@GraphPlus @GraphDotDashed @GraphPlus Philadelphia -} -{ - @Data points { plus } pairs { solid } - { 1720 12000 1730 13000 1740 15601 1760 15631 1770 15877 } - - @Data points { plus } pairs { dashed } - { 1720 7000 1730 8622 1740 10451 1750 14255 1760 18000 1770 22667 } - - @Data points { plus } pairs { dotdashed } - { 1720 10000 1730 11500 1740 12654 1750 18202 1760 23750 1770 34583 } - -} -The first eight symbols have a @Code "symbolsize" and @Code "symbollinewidth" -options with the usual meaning and the usual default values ({@Code "0.15f"} -and {@Code "0.5p"}). The last four symbols have @Code "dashlength" and -@Code "linewidth" options with the usual default values, {@Code "0.2f"} and -{@Code "0.5p"}, and a @Code "length" option, which determines the length -of the line drawn by each symbol; its default value is {@Code "1.0f"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_over b/doc/doc/user/gra_over deleted file mode 100644 index 4f7eae6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_over +++ /dev/null @@ -1,224 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the overall appearance of the graph } - @Tag { overall } -@Begin -@PP -The overall appearance of the graph is controlled by options to the -@Code "@Graph" symbol. As usual, these options follow the @Code "@Graph" -symbol, with their values enclosed in braces; they may appear in any order, -and if omitted are assigned some sensible default value. The default -values may be changed by setting options in the setup file as usual. -@PP -There is a @Code "font" option for changing the font throughout the -graph, whose value is anything suitable for passing to Lout's -@Code "@Font" symbol. Indeed, you can get the same effect by -placing a @Code "@Font" symbol immediately before @Code "@Graph" -in the usual way. However, the @Code "font" option is useful -because it can be set in the setup file, where it applies to -every graph in your document. -@PP -There is a @Code "style" option for controlling the overall style of the -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.style @SubIndex { @Code style option } -style. @RawIndex { @Code "style" option } -style.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -axes. @Index { axes in graphs } -graph, whose value may be either {@Code "frame"}, {@Code "grid"}, -{@Code "none"}, or {@Code "axes"}. The default value is {@Code "frame"}, -and it produces a frame around the graph with ticks and labels along -its left and bottom edges, as in previous examples. Value @Code "grid" -is similar except that the ticks are converted into grid lines crossing -the entire frame. The {@Code "none"} style prints nothing (no frame, -no ticks, no labels), which is useful for producing graphs that don't -look like graphs, as it were. -@PP -If {@Code "axes"} is chosen, two other options called {@Code xorigin} -and {@Code yorigin} become compulsory: -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xorigin @SubIndex { @Code xorigin option } -xorigin.graph @Index { @Code "xorigin" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.yorigin @SubIndex { @Code yorigin option } -yorigin.graph @Index { @Code "yorigin" option (graphs) } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - font { -2p } - style { axes } - xorigin { 0 } - yorigin { 0 } - width { 12c } - height { 7c } - leftcaption { 90d @Rotate { counts (%) } } - leftgap { 1.0c } - belowcaption { time (min) } - belowgap { 0c } -{ - @Data - points { filledsquare } - pairs { solid } - { 0 0.0 1 4.8 2 7.0 3 15.2 4 19.8 5 20.0 6 21.0 7 25.0 - 10 29.5 15 31.2 20 35.0 30 40.0 60 50.8 - } - - @Data - points { square } - pairs { solid } - { - 0 0.0 1 3.7 1.5 43.1 2 99.1 3 85.6 4 69.1 5 47.0 6 44.1 7 40.8 - 10 35.0 15 29.4 20 25.0 30 21.1 60 15.5 - } -} -} -We have used some other options which will be explained shortly. The -resulting graph has an x axis and a y axis instead of a frame, like this: -@CD -2p @Font @Graph - style { axes } - xorigin { 0 } - yorigin { 0 } - width { 12c } - height { 7c } - leftcaption { 90d @Rotate { counts (%) } } - leftgap { 1.0c } - belowcaption { time (min) } - belowgap { 0c } -{ - @Data - points { filledsquare } - pairs { solid } - { 0 0.0 1 9.5 2 15.0 3 18.2 4 20.1 5 22.1 7 25.0 - 10 28.3 15 31.2 20 35.0 30 40.0 60 50.8 - } - - @Data - points { square } - pairs { solid } - { - 0 0.0 1 3.7 1.5 43.1 2 99.1 3 85.6 4 69.1 5 47.0 6 44.1 7 40.8 - 10 35.0 15 29.4 20 25.0 30 21.1 60 15.5 - } -} -The point where the axes cross is ({@Code xorigin}, {@Code yorigin}). -@PP -Although @Code "@Graph" does not provide explicit support for -multiple axes, you can simulate them by overstriking two -separate graphs of equal size. There is an @Code "@OverStrike" -overstrike. @Index @Code "@OverStrike" -symbol which overstrikes two objects, so -@ID @Code "@Graph { ... } @OverStrike @Graph { ... }" -will do the job. Typically one of the graphs would have y ticks, -and the other would have r ticks (adjacent to the right-hand side of the -frame). -@PP -There are @Code "xlog" and @Code "ylog" options which produce -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xlog @SubIndex { @Code xlog option } -xlog.graph @Index { @Code "xlog" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.ylog @SubIndex { @Code ylog option } -ylog.graph @Index { @Code "ylog" option (graphs) } -logarithmic.axes @Index { logarithmic axes in graphs } -logarithmic x and y axes: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - xlog { 10 } - ylog { 10 } -{ - ... -} -} -The value is the base of the logarithm, usually 10 or 2, or -{@Code none} (the default) meaning not logarithmic. Logarithms -to different bases differ only by a constant factor, so the main effect -of different bases is on the choice of ticks and labels. An @Code "xlog" -option will be ignored if there are any negative or zero x data points, -x ticks, or {@Code "xorigin"} or {@Code "xmin"} options; and similarly -for {@Code "ylog"}. -@PP -There are @Code "width" and @Code "height" options for setting the size -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.width @SubIndex { @Code width option } -width. @RawIndex { @Code "width" option } -width.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.height @SubIndex { @Code height option } -height. @RawIndex { @Code "height" option } -height.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -of the total area enclosed: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - width { 6.0c } - height { 4.0c } -{ - ... -} -} -This shows the default width and height, six centimetres and four -centimetres. These lengths and others discussed below can be specified -using a variety of units of measurement (see Section {@NumberOf grsummary} -for the details). -@PP -Within the frame or axes, a small margin is kept free of data points. The -size of this margin is controlled by @Code "xextra" and @Code "yextra" -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xextra @SubIndex { @Code xextra option } -xextra.graph @Index { @Code "xextra" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.yextra @SubIndex { @Code yextra option } -yextra.graph @Index { @Code "yextra" option (graphs) } -options: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - xextra { 0.5c } - yextra { 0.5c } -{ - ... -} -} -Setting @Code "xextra" to @Code "0.5c" (the default value if the -@Code style option is {@Code frame}) means that the smallest x value -will be placed 0.5 centimetres to the right of the left boundary, and -the largest will be placed 0.5 centimetres to the left of the right -boundary. It is quite safe to set @Code "xextra" to @Code "0c" if -desired, and indeed this is the default value when @Code style is -{@Code axes} or {@Code none}. The @Code "yextra" option works in -exactly the same way for y values. -@PP -The @Code "xdecreasing" option plots the x values in decreasing order -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xdecreasing @SubIndex { @Code xdecreasing option } -xdecreasing.graph @Index { @Code "xdecreasing" option (graphs) } -instead of increasing: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - xdecreasing { yes } - abovecaption { New South Wales road deaths, 1960--1990 -(fatalities per 100 million vehicle km) } -{ - @Data - points { plus } - pairs { dashed } - { - 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 - } -} -} -produces -@CD @Graph - xdecreasing { yes } - abovecaption { New South Wales road deaths, 1960--1990 -(fatalities per 100 million vehicle km) } -{ - @Data - points { plus } - pairs { dashed } - { - 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 - } -} -The value of @Code "xdecreasing" should be either @Code "no" (the default -value) or {@Code "yes"}. A similar @Code "ydecreasing" option does the same -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.ydecreasing @SubIndex { @Code ydecreasing option } -ydecreasing.graph @Index { @Code "ydecreasing" option (graphs) } -thing to the y axis. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_plac b/doc/doc/user/gra_plac deleted file mode 100644 index 4e686f1..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_plac +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Placing arbitrary objects on the graph } - @Tag { arbobj } -@Begin -@PP -As we have just seen, the repertoire of symbols that @Code "@Data" is -able to place on the graph is quite limited. However, there is a way -to place any number of arbitrary Lout objects anywhere on the graph, -using the @Code objects option to the @Code "@Graph" symbol: -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.objects @SubIndex { @Code objects option } -objects.graph @Index { @Code "objects" option (graphs) } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - objects { - @CTR at {2.5 6.0} @Math { y = x sup 2 } - @CTR at {4.5 7.0} @Math { y = x sup 3 } - } -} -where we have used the @Code "@Math" symbol from -Chapter {@NumberOf mathematics} to place two equations onto the graph -at the points {@Code "2.5 6.0"} and {@Code "4.5 7.0"} respectively. An -example result appears in the next section. -@PP -In addition to {@Code "@CTR"}, there are eight other symbols which may -be used within the @Code "objects" option in the same way: {@Code "@NW"}, -{@Code "@SW"}, {@Code "@SE"}, {@Code "@NE"}, {@Code "@N"}, {@Code "@W"}, -{@Code "@S"}, and {@Code "@E"}. These place the object just to the -northwest of the point, to the southwest, and so on instead of centring -it over the point. By `to the northwest' we mean that the object's bottom -right corner coincides with the point, and similarly for the other symbols. -@PP -Each of these symbols has a @Code "margin" option which enlarges the -object by adding a margin: -@ID @Code "@NW at {2.5 6.0} margin { 0.3f } @Eq { y = x sup 2 }" -shows the default value, 0.3 times the current font size. As the margin -is increased, the object moves further away from the point. -@PP -The major advantage of the @Code "objects" option over the @Code "@Data" -symbol is that arbitrary Lout objects may be used. The @Code "@Data" -symbol however is able to place many copies of its symbols onto the graph, -and also allow for them when connecting points together with lines. Also, -the points within the @Code "objects" option are not taken into account -when deciding on the permissible range of x and y values, whereas the -points within the @Code "@Data" symbol are. Altogether it seems best -to use the @Code "@Data" symbol for the bulk of the data points, and to -use the @Code "objects" option for adding a small number of labels or -other decorations. -@PP -The @Code "objects" option may contain @Code "@Graph" symbols, but in -that case, owing to a deficiency in the implementation, those symbols -must have their @Code save options (Section {@NumberOf grerrors}) set -to {@Code yes}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_summ b/doc/doc/user/gra_summ deleted file mode 100644 index 7854efb..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_summ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,473 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Summary } - @Tag { grsummary } -@Begin -@PP -The options to the @Code "@Graph" symbol, their default values, and -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.summary @SubIndex { summary of all options } -their possible values are: -@ID -2.5px @Break -1p @Font @Tab - hmargin { 0.15c } - @Fmta { @Col @Code { " "A } ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @Code B ! - @Col @Code "}" ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col C } - @Fmtb { @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col } -{ -@Rowb - A { "@Graph" } -@Rowa - A { style } - B { frame } - C { {@Code frame}, {@Code grid}, {@Code axes}, or {@Code none} } -@Rowa - A { font } - B { } - C { Any value suitable for {@Code "@Font"} } -@Rowa - A { xorigin } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number } -@Rowa - A { yorigin } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number } -@Rowa - A { xlog } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 1 } -@Rowa - A { ylog } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 1 } -@Rowa - A { width } - B { 6.0c } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { height } - B { 4.0c } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { xextra } - B { auto } - C { any @I distance ({@Code auto} means @Code "0.5c" for {@Code frame} else {@Code "0c"}) } -@Rowa - A { yextra } - B { auto } - C { any @I distance ({@Code auto} means @Code "0.5c" for {@Code frame} else {@Code "0c"}) } -@Rowa - A { xdecreasing } - B { no } - C { @Code yes or @Code no } -@Rowa - A { ydecreasing } - B { no } - C { @Code yes or @Code no } -@Rowa - A { leftcaption } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { rightcaption } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { abovecaption } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { belowcaption } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { leftgap } - B { 1.5c } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { rightgap } - B { 0.5c } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { abovegap } - B { 0.5c } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { belowgap } - B { 0.5c } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { hidecaptions } - B { yes } - C { @Code yes or @Code no } -@Rowa - A { xmin } - B { none } - C { @Code none or any {@I number} } -@Rowa - A { xmax } - B { none } - C { @Code none or any {@I number} } -@Rowa - A { ymin } - B { none } - C { @Code none or any {@I number} } -@Rowa - A { ymax } - B { none } - C { @Code none or any {@I number} } -@Rowa - A { xticksep } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 0 } -@Rowa - A { yticksep } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 0 } -@Rowa - A { rticksep } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 0 } -@Rowa - A { xticks } - B { auto } - C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto (automatic) } -@Rowa - A { yticks } - B { auto } - C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto (automatic) } -@Rowa - A { rticks } - B { } - C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto (automatic) } -@Rowa - A { xticklength } - B { 0.5f } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { yticklength } - B { 0.5f } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { rticklength } - B { 0.5f } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { objects } - B { } - C { sequence of {@Code "@CTR"}, {@Code "@NW"}, {@Code "@SW"}, {@Code "@SE"}, -{@Code "@NE"}, {@Code "@N"}, {@Code "@W"}, {@Code "@S"}, {@Code "@E"} symbols } -@Rowa - A { save } - B { no } - C { {@Code no} or {@Code yes} } -@Rowa - A { points } - B { none } - C { {@Code none}, {@Code plus}, {@Code cross}, {@Code square}, -{@Code filledsquare}, {@Code diamond}, {@Code filleddiamond}, -{@Code circle}, {@Code filledcircle}, {@Code triangle}, {@Code filledtriangle} } -@Rowa - A { symbolsize } - B { 0.15f } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { symbollinewidth } - B { 0.5p } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { pairs } - B { none } - C { {@Code none}, {@Code solid}, {@Code dashed}, {@Code dotted}, -{@Code dotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotdashed}, -{@Code yhisto}, {@Code xhisto}, {@Code filledyhisto}, {@Code filledxhisto}, -{@Code surfaceyhisto}, {@Code surfacexhisto} } -@Rowa - A { dashlength } - B { 0.2f } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { linewidth } - B { 0.5p } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { "colour/color" } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour}} -@Rowa - A { paint } - B { no } - C { {@Code none}, {@Code no}, or {@Code yes} } -@Rowa - A { texture } - B { solid } - C { any texture from Section {@NumberOf textures} } -@Rowa - A { dataformat } - B { xandy } - C { {@Code xandy}, {@Code yonly}, {@Code xonly}, {@Code swapxandy} } -} -@I Number means an ordinary decimal number; @I distance means a number -with a unit of measurement (Section {@NumberOf objects}), such as -@Code { 5c } or {@Code 0.5f}. In general, numbers denote x or y -values while distances denote lengths on the printed result. -@PP -The minimum plottable x value is the minimum of all the x data, -{@Code xticks}, {@Code xorigin}, {@Code xmin}, and {@Code xmax} whenever -these are not {@Code none}. If @Code xticks is {@Code none}, this -minimum may be reduced further to a `round' number. The maximum plottable -x value is the maximum of the same values, and it may be increased further -if {@Code xticks} is {@Code none}. Similar remarks apply to y values. -@PP -The value of the @Code "objects" option is a sequence of zero or more of -the following: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col { @Code "at {" @I expression @I expression -@Code "}" } ! @Col @I object } -{ -@Rowa A { @Code "@CTR" } -@Rowa A { @Code "@NW" } -@Rowa A { @Code "@SW" } -@Rowa A { @Code "@SE" } -@Rowa A { @Code "@NE" } -@Rowa A { @Code "@N" } -@Rowa A { @Code "@W" } -@Rowa A { @Code "@S" } -@Rowa A { @Code "@E" } -} -where @I object is an arbitrary Lout object. Each of these nine symbols -also has a @Code "margin" option whose value may be any non-negative -distance, with default value {@Code "0.3f"}. -@PP -The options to the @Code "@Data" symbol, their default values, and -their possible values are: -@ID 0.85vx @Break @Tab - hmargin { 0.15c } - @Fmta { @Col @Code { " "A } ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @I inherited ! - @Col @Code "}" ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col C } - @Fmtb { @Col A ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col } -{ -@Rowb - A { @Code "@Data" } -@Rowa - A { points } - C { {@Code none}, {@Code plus}, {@Code cross}, {@Code square}, -{@Code filledsquare}, {@Code diamond}, {@Code filleddiamond}, -{@Code circle}, {@Code filledcircle}, -{@Code triangle}, {@Code filledtriangle} } -@Rowa - A { symbolsize } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { symbollinewidth } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { pairs } - C { {@Code none}, {@Code solid}, {@Code dashed}, {@Code dotted}, -{@Code dotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotdashed}, -{@Code yhisto}, {@Code xhisto}, {@Code filledyhisto}, {@Code filledxhisto}, -{@Code surfaceyhisto}, {@Code surfacexhisto} } -@Rowa - A { dashlength } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { linewidth } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { "colour/color" } - C { {@Code none}, or any colour name from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowa - A { paint } - C { {@Code no} or {@Code yes} } -@Rowa - A { texture } - C { Any texture from Section {@NumberOf textures} } -@Rowa - A { dataformat } - C { {@Code xandy}, {@Code yonly}, {@Code xonly} } -@Rowb - A { @Code "{" @I sequence @Code "}" } - C { any @I sequence } -} -@I Inherited means that the default value is taken from the -@Code "@Graph" option with the same name. -Furthermore, every option of {@Code "@Graph"} and {@Code "@Data"}, -as well as of {@Code "@GraphPlus"}, {@Code "@GraphNoLine"}, and the -other symbols from Section {@NumberOf key}, appears in the setup file, -and giving a value to an option there makes that value the default -value for every {@Code "@Graph"} in your document. For example, -if you want every data set in every graph to use {@Code "dashed"} -for {@Code "pairs"}, you can set the @Code "pairs" option in the -setup file to {@Code "dashed"}, and then all your data sets will -have dashed lines unless you override the setup file value by -some other value to the {@Code "pairs"} option of a {@Code "@Graph"} -or @Code "@Data" symbol. -@PP -The right parameter of @Code "@Data" contains a @I sequence of zero -or more {@I expressions}. The {@Code xticks}, {@Code yticks}, and -{@Code rticks} options also are sequences, which may contain @Code "@" -and labels as well as expressions. An @I expression is any of the -following (operators are shown in decreasing precedence order, with -the precedence, if relevant, at right): -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @I number } -@Rowa - A { @Code x (within @Code xloop only) } -@Rowa - A { @Code y (within @Code yloop only) } -@Rowa - A { @Code z (within @Code zloop only) } -@Rowa - A { @Code pi } -@Rowa - A { @Code e } -@Rowa - A { @Code "{" @I expression @Code "}" } -@Rowa - A { @Code "sqrt" @I expression } - B { 40 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "abs" @I expression } - B { 40 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "ceiling" @I expression } - B { 40 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "floor" @I expression } - B { 40 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "truncate" @I expression } - B { 40 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "round" @I expression } - B { 40 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "cos" @I expression } - B { 40 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "sin" @I expression } - B { 40 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code "atan" @I expression } - B { 39 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code "exp" @I expression } - B { 38 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code "log" @I expression } - B { 37 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code "rand" @I expression } - B { 36 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @M { non * } @I expression } - B { 35 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code "/" @I expression } - B { 34 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code "idiv" @I expression } - B { 34 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code "mod" @I expression } - B { 34 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @M { non - } @I expression } - B { 33 } -@Rowa - A { @M { non - } @I expression } - B { 33 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code "+" @I expression } - B { 32 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "+" @I expression } - B { 32 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "if cond {" @I boolean @Code "} then {" @I expression -@Code "} else {" @I expression @Code "}" } -} -A @M { non - } immediately followed by a digit or decimal point is -always taken to be a minus sign, never a subtraction. The left -parameter of @Code "exp" and @Code "log" is the base of the -exponentiation and logarithm respectively; @Code "idiv" is integer -division; and @Code "rand" returns a uniform random integer lying between -its two parameters (inclusive). Now a @I sequence is zero or more of -the following: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A } -{ -@Rowa - A { 2c @Wide "@" (within {@Code xticks}, {@Code yticks}, and {@Code rticks} only) } -@Rowa - A { 2c @Wide { ({@I label}) } (within {@Code xticks}, {@Code yticks}, and {@Code rticks} only) } -@Rowa - A { @I expression } -@Rowa - A { @Code "xloop from {" @I expression @Code "} to {" @I expression -@Code "} by {" @I expression @Code "} do {" @I sequence @Code "}" } -@Rowa - A { @Code "yloop from {" @I expression @Code "} to {" @I expression -@Code "} by {" @I expression @Code "} do {" @I sequence @Code "}" } -@Rowa - A { @Code "zloop from {" @I expression @Code "} to {" @I expression -@Code "} by {" @I expression @Code "} do {" @I sequence @Code "}" } -@Rowa - A { @Code "if cond {" @I boolean @Code "} then {" @I sequence -@Code "} else {" @I sequence @Code "}" } -} -The @Code "by" part of the loop symbols is optional with default -value 1; the @Code "else" part of @Code "if" is optional with -default value equal to the empty sequence. A @I boolean is any one of -the following things, again shown in decreasing precedence order, with -the precedence at right: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @Code true } -@Rowa - A { @Code false } -@Rowa - A { @Code "{" @I boolean @Code "}" } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code = @I expression } - B { 30 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code != @I expression } - B { 30 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code < @I expression } - B { 30 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code <= @I expression } - B { 30 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code > @I expression } - B { 30 } -@Rowa - A { @I expression @Code >= @I expression } - B { 30 } -@Rowa - A { @Code not @I boolean } - B { 25 } -@Rowa - A { @I boolean @Code and @I boolean } - B { 24 } -@Rowa - A { @I boolean @Code xor @I boolean } - B { 23 } -@Rowa - A { @I boolean @Code or @I boolean } - B { 22 } -@Rowa - A { @Code "if cond {" @I boolean @Code "} then {" @I boolean -@Code "} else {" @I boolean @Code "}" } -} -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/gra_tick b/doc/doc/user/gra_tick deleted file mode 100644 index 23e2402..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/gra_tick +++ /dev/null @@ -1,296 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Ticks and labels } - @Tag { ticks } -@Begin -@PP -@I Ticks are the short lines that mark off intervals along the axes, and -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.ticks @SubIndex { ticks } -ticks.graph @Index { ticks in graphs } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.labels @SubIndex { labels } -labels. @RawIndex { labels } -labels.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } -@I labels are the numbers appearing near the ticks (not to be confused -with captions). {@Code "@Graph"} produces ticks and labels automatically -with some care, so it is probably best not to worry about them unless the -result is not pleasing, in which case there are options for controlling them. -@PP -One simple way to control the production of x ticks is with the -{@Code xmin}, {@Code xmax}, and {@Code xticksep} options to @Code -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xmin @SubIndex { @Code xmin option } -xmin.graph @Index { @Code "xmin" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xmax @SubIndex { @Code xmax option } -xmax.graph @Index { @Code "xmax" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xticksep @SubIndex { @Code xticksep option } -xticksep.graph @Index { @Code "xticksep" option (graphs) } -"@Graph". For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Graph" -" xmin { 0 }" -" xmax { 5 }" -" xticksep { 0.5 }" -} -specifies that x values in the range 0 to 5 are to be expected, and that -a tick and label is to appear every 0.5 units along the x axis. One or -both of @Code "xmin" and @Code "xmax" may be omitted, in which case -suitable values will be inferred from the data as usual. -@PP -Alternatively, complete control over the appearance of x ticks and labels -is provided by the @Code "xticks" option. For example, -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xticks @SubIndex { @Code xticks option } -xticks.graph @Index { @Code "xticks" option (graphs) } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Graph" -" xticks { 0@ 5 10@ 15 20@ }" -} -specifies that x ticks are to be drawn at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. An -@Code "@" following a number indicates that a label is to be printed as -well, so the above example will produce labels at 0, 10, and 20. For -even finer control, @Code "@" may be replaced by a label enclosed -in parentheses: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Graph" -" xticks { 1 (Democrat) 2 (Republican) 3 (Other) }" -} -As this example shows, a label does not have to be a number; it can be -any string of characters, including spaces and balanced parentheses; -but it may not be an arbitrary Lout object. -@PP -The character @Code "^" in a label indicates that the -remainder is to be treated as an exponent: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Graph" -" xlog { 10 }" -" xticks { 1 (1) 10 (10) 100 (10^2) 1000 (10^3) 10000 (10^4) 100000 (10^5) }" -"{" -" @Data points { plus }" -" { 1 2.1 10 3.4 100 4.9 1000 6.1 10000 7.2 100000 7.6 }" -"}" -} -In fact, the labels inserted automatically when @Code xticks is omitted have -exponents when the axis is logarithmic, so @Code xticks is hardly necessary -in this example. Anyway the result is -@CD @Graph - height { 3c } - xlog { 10 } - xticks { 1 (1) 10 (10) 100 (10^2) 1000 (10^3) 10000 (10^4) 100000 (10^5) } -{ - @Data points { plus } - { - 1 2.1 10 3.4 100 4.9 1000 6.1 10000 7.2 100000 7.6 - } -} -Setting @Code "xticks" to empty produces no x ticks (this is not the -same as omitting {@Code xticks}). -@PP -Similar options control ticks and labels on the y axis: {@Code "ymin"}, -{@Code "ymax"}, {@Code "yticksep"}, and {@Code "yticks"}. There are -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.ymin @SubIndex { @Code ymin option } -ymin.graph @Index { @Code "ymin" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.ymax @SubIndex { @Code ymax option } -ymax.graph @Index { @Code "ymax" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.yticksep @SubIndex { @Code yticksep option } -yticksep.graph @Index { @Code "yticksep" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.yticks @SubIndex { @Code yticks option } -yticks.graph @Index { @Code "yticks" option (graphs) } -also @Code "xticklength" and @Code "yticklength" options which set -the length of ticks: -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.xticklength @SubIndex { @Code xticklength option } -xticklength.graph @Index { @Code "xticklength" option (graphs) } -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.yticklength @SubIndex { @Code yticklength option } -yticklength.graph @Index { @Code "yticklength" option (graphs) } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Graph" -" xticklength { 0.5f }" -" yticklength { 0.5f }" -} -shows the default values, half the current font size in both cases. -@PP -There is also an {@Code "rticks"} option which is similar to -graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } -graphs.rticks @SubIndex { @Code rticks option } -rticks.graph @Index { @Code "rticks" option (graphs) } -{@Code "yticks"} except that the ticks it controls appear on the -right-hand side of the frame (this option is relevant only when -the @Code style option is {@Code frame}). Unlike @Code "xticks" and -{@Code "yticks"}, {@Code "rticks"} has empty default value, which is -why you don't usually see r ticks. They are most useful when overstriking -two graphs using @Code "@OverStrike" as explained earlier; one graph will -have y ticks in the usual way, the other will have r ticks and empty -y ticks: -@CD { - -@Graph - style { frame } - width { 6c } - height { 6c } - xextra { 0c } - yextra { 0c } - rightcaption { -90d @Rotate { Precipitation mm } } - rightgap { 3.0f } - hidecaptions { no } - xmin { 0 } - xmax { 12 } - ymin { 0 } - ymax { 450 } - xticks { } - xticklength { 0c } - rticks { 0@ 50@ 100@ 150@ 200@ 250@ 300@ 350@ 400@ 450@ } - yticks {} -{ - @Data - pairs { filledyhisto } - colour { blue } - linewidth { 1p } - { - 0 340 - 1 410 - 2 430 - 3 340 - 4 290 - 5 175 - 6 140 - 7 125 - 8 110 - 9 100 - 10 85 - 11 175 - 12 0 - } -} - -@OverStrike - -@Graph - style { frame } - width { 6c } - height { 6c } - xextra { 0c } - yextra { 0c } - leftcaption { 90d @Rotate { Temperature {@Degree}C } } - leftgap { 2.5f } - hidecaptions { no } - xmin { 0 } - xmax { 12 } - ymin { -30 } - ymax { 50 } - xticks { - 0.5 (J) - 1.5 (F) - 2.5 (M) - 3.5 (A) - 4.5 (M) - 5.5 (J) - 6.5 (J) - 7.5 (A) - 8.5 (S) - 9.5 (O) - 10.5 (N) - 11.5 (D) - } - xticklength { 0c } - yticks { -30@ -20@ -10@ 0@ 10@ 20@ 30@ 40@ } -{ - @Data - pairs { solid } - colour { red } - linewidth { 1p } - { - 0.0 24 - 1.0 24 - 2.0 25 - 3.0 26 - 4.0 26 - 5.0 26 - 6.0 26 - 7.0 27 - 8.0 26 - 9.0 27 - 10.0 28 - 11.0 28 - 12.0 26 - } -} - -} -Here the first graph has -@ID @Code { -"rticks { 0@ 50@ 100@ 150@ 200@ 250@ 300@ 350@ 400@ 450@ }" -"yticks {}" -} -for its ticks. This graph uses other features that we have not -come to yet, but anyway its source is: -@ID 0.95 @Scale -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Graph - style { frame } - width { 6c } - height { 6c } - xextra { 0c } - yextra { 0c } - rightcaption { -90d @Rotate { Precipitation mm } } - rightgap { 3.0f } - hidecaptions { no } - xmin { 0 } - xmax { 12 } - ymin { 0 } - ymax { 450 } - xticks { } - xticklength { 0c } - rticks { 0@ 50@ 100@ 150@ 200@ 250@ 300@ 350@ 400@ 450@ } - yticks {} -{ - @Data pairs { filledyhisto } colour { blue } linewidth { 1p } - { - 0 340 1 410 2 430 3 340 4 290 5 175 6 140 - 7 125 8 110 9 100 10 85 11 175 12 0 - } -} - -@OverStrike - -@Graph - style { frame } - width { 6c } - height { 6c } - xextra { 0c } - yextra { 0c } - leftcaption { 90d @Rotate { Temperature {@Degree}C } } - leftgap { 2.5f } - hidecaptions { no } - xmin { 0 } - xmax { 12 } - ymin { -30 } - ymax { 50 } - xticks { - 0.5 (J) 1.5 (F) 2.5 (M) 3.5 (A) 4.5 (M) 5.5 (J) - 6.5 (J) 7.5 (A) 8.5 (S) 9.5 (O) 10.5 (N) 11.5 (D) - } - xticklength { 0c } - yticks { -30@ -20@ -10@ 0@ 10@ 20@ 30@ 40@ } -{ - @Data pairs { solid } colour { red } linewidth { 1p } - { - 0.0 24 1.0 24 2.0 25 3.0 26 4.0 26 5.0 26 6.0 - 26 7.0 27 8.0 26 9.0 27 10.0 28 11.0 28 12.0 26 - } -} -} -Lout has only a hazy idea of how much space is occupied by ticks and -labels. Unless @Code "xticks" is empty, Lout allows 1.7 times the -current font size below the graph for x ticks and labels, which is -usually about right; but it does not allow any space for y and r ticks and -labels since it has no idea how wide the labels will be. The discussion -of captions in Section {@NumberOf captions} explains how to use the -@Code "leftgap" and @Code "rightgap" options to work around this deficiency. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/johnson b/doc/doc/user/johnson deleted file mode 100644 index aaedd4c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/johnson +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -@SysInclude { fig } -@SysInclude { diag } -@SysInclude { eq } -@SysInclude { tbl } -@SysInclude { doc } -@Doc @Text @Begin -@QD @Tbl - rule { yes } -{ -@Row format { @StartVSpan @Cell A | @StartHSpan @Cell B | @HSpan } - A { @SomeText } - B { @SomeText } -@Row format { @VSpan | @Cell B | @StartVSpan @Cell C } - B { @SomeText } - C { @SomeText } -@Row format { @StartHSpan @Cell A | @HSpan | @VSpan } - A { @SomeText } -} -@End @Text diff --git a/doc/doc/user/johnson.out b/doc/doc/user/johnson.out deleted file mode 100644 index ead54ef..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/johnson.out +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - ................................................... - . . . - . Johnson . Johnson suddenly uttered, in . - . suddenly . a strong determined tone, an . - . uttered, . apophegm, at which many will . - . in a strong . start: `Patriotism is the . - . determined . last refuge of a scoundrel.' . - . tone, an . . - . apophegm, at . . - . which many .................................. - . will start: . . . - . `Patriotism . Johnson . Johnson . - . is the last . suddenly . suddenly . - . refuge of a . uttered, . uttered, . - . scoundrel.' . in a strong . in a strong . - . . determined . determined . - . . tone, an . tone, an . - . . apophegm, at . apophegm, at . - . . which many . which many . - . . will start: . will start: . - . . `Patriotism . `Patriotism . - . . is the last . is the last . - . . refuge of a . refuge of a . - . . scoundrel.' . scoundrel.' . - . . . . - . . . . - .................................. . - . . . - . Johnson suddenly uttered, in . . - . a strong determined tone, an . . - . apophegm, at which many will . . - . start: `Patriotism is the . . - . last refuge of a scoundrel.' . . - . . . - . . . - ................................................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/doc/doc/user/letterbook b/doc/doc/user/letterbook deleted file mode 100644 index 6d6b749..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/letterbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,356 +0,0 @@ -############################################################################### -# # -# Lout setup file for books # -# # -# Jeffrey H. Kingston # -# 5 February 1999 # -# # -############################################################################### - - -############################################################################### -# # -# @SysInclude commands for standard packages. # -# # -############################################################################### - - @SysInclude { langdefs } # language definitions - @SysInclude { bsf } # BasicSetup package - @SysInclude { dsf } # DocumentSetup package - @SysInclude { bookf } # BookSetup extension - - -############################################################################### -# # -# @Include command for reading personal definitions from current directory. # -# # -############################################################################### - - @Include { mydefs } - -############################################################################### -# # -# The @BasicSetup @Use clause - basics, lists, paragraphs, displays. # -# # -# To change the default value of any option, delete the # at the start of # -# its line and change the value between braces. # -# # -############################################################################### - -@Use { @BasicSetup - # @InitialFont { Times Base 12p } # initial font - # @InitialBreak {{adjust 1.2fx hyphen} @OrIfPlain {ragged 1fx nohyphen}} - # @InitialSpace { lout } # initial space style - # @InitialLanguage { English } # initial language - # @InitialColour { black } # initial colour - # @OptimizePages { No } # optimize page breaks? - # @HeadingFont { Bold } # font for @Heading - # @ParaGap { 1.3vx @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between paragraphs - # @ParaIndent { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # first-line indent for @PP - # @DisplayGap { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap above, below displays - # @DisplayIndent { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # @IndentedDisplay indent - # @DefaultIndent { 0.5rt } # @Display indent - # @DisplayNumStyle { (num) } # style of display numbers - # @WideIndent { 4.00f @OrIfPlain 10s } # @WideTaggedList indent - # @VeryWideIndent { 8.00f @OrIfPlain 20s } # @VeryWideTaggedList indent - # @ListGap { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between list items - # @ListIndent { 0s } # indent of list items - # @ListRightIndent { 0s } # right indent of list items - # @ListLabelWidth { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # width allowed for list tags - # @NumberSeparator { . } # separates nums like 2.3.7 -} - - -############################################################################### -# # -# The @DocumentSetup @Use clause - page layout plus figures, tables, etc. # -# # -# To change the default value of any option, delete the # at the start of # -# its line and change the value between braces. # -# # -############################################################################### - -@Use { @DocumentSetup - @PageType { Letter @OrIfPlain Other} # page type (width, height) - # @PageWidth { 80s } # page width if type Other - # @PageHeight { 66f } # page height if type Other - # @PageOrientation { Portrait } # Portrait, Landscape, etc. - # @PageBackground { } # background of each page - # @TopMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 6f } # top margin of all pages - # @FootMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 6f } # bottom margin of all pages - # @OddLeftMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # left margin of odd pages - # @OddRightMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # right margin of odd pages - # @EvenLeftMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # left margin of even pages - # @EvenRightMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # right margin of even pages - # @PageBoxType { None } # None Box CurveBox ShadowBox - # @PageBoxMargin { 1.00c } # page box margin - # @PageBoxLineWidth { } # page box line thickness - # @PageBoxPaint { none } # page box paint - # @PageBoxShadow { 0.60c } # shadow margin if ShadowBox - # @ColumnNumber { 1 } # number of columns (1 to 10) - # @ColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # column gap - # @FigureLocation { PageTop } # default figure location - # @TableLocation { PageTop } # default table location - # @FigureFormat { @CC @Body } # default figure format - # @TableFormat { @CC @Body } # default table format - # @FigureWord { figure } # "Figure" word else anything - # @TableWord { table } # "Table" word else anything - # @FigureNumbers { Arabic } # method of numbering figures - # @TableNumbers { Arabic } # method of numbering tables - # @FigureCaptionPos { Below } # Above or Below - # @TableCaptionPos { Below } # Above or Below - # @CaptionFont { } # figure, table caption font - # @CaptionBreak { } # figure, table caption break - # @CaptionFormat { @B { number @DotSep @OneCol } } # figure, table caption format - # @MakeFigureContents { No } # list of figures at start - # @MakeTableContents { No } # list of tables at start - # @MakeContents { No } # make contents? Yes or No - @MakeContents { Yes } # make contents? Yes or No - # @ContentsGap { 0.20v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap above minor entry - # @ContentsGapAbove { 0.80v @OrIfPlain 1f } # extra gap above major entry - # @ContentsGapBelow { 0.00v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap below major entry - # @ContentsPartGapAbove { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # extra gap above `part' entry - # @ContentsPartGapBelow { 0.00v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap below `part' entry - # @ContentsFormat { number @DotSep title } # contents entry format - # @ContentsLeader { .. } # leader symbol in contents - # @ContentsLeaderGap { 4s @OrIfPlain 2s } # gap between leaders - # @ContentsRightWidth { 3f @OrIfPlain 6s } # page numbers column width - # @MakeReferences { Yes } # make references? Yes or No - # @RefCiteStyle { [cite] } # citation style - # @RefCiteLabels { @RefNum } # citation items - # @RefNumbers { Arabic } # reference numbers - # @RefListFormat { Labels } # NoLabels, Labels, etc. - # @RefListLabels { [@RefNum] } # ref list label format - # @RefListTitle { references } # title of reference list - # @ChapRefListTitle { references } # title of chapter ref list - # @RefListIndent { 0s } # indent to left of labels - # @RefListRightIndent { 0s } # indent to right of items - # @RefListGap { @ListGap } # gap between ref list items - # @RefListFont { } # font used in reference list - # @RefListBreak { } # break style of ref list - # @RefListLabelWidth { @ListLabelWidth } # Labels column width - # @RefListSortKey { @Tag } # sorting key - # @MakeIndex { No } # make index? Yes or No - @MakeIndex { Yes } # make index? Yes or No - # @IndexFont { } # index entries font - # @IndexBreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break - # @IndexColumnNumber { 2 } # index columns (1 to 10) - # @IndexColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index column gap - # @MakeIndexA { No } # make index A? Yes or No - # @IndexAFont { } # index A entries font - # @IndexABreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break - # @IndexAColumnNumber { 2 } # index A columns (1 to 10) - # @IndexAColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index A column gap - # @MakeIndexB { No } # make index B? Yes or No - # @IndexBFont { } # index B entries font - # @IndexBBreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break - # @IndexBColumnNumber { 2 } # index B columns (1 to 10) - # @IndexBColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index B column gap - # @TopGap { 0.75c @OrIfPlain 2f } # gap between figures - # @MidGap { 0.75c @OrIfPlain 2f } # gap above/below body text - # @FootNoteNumbers { Arabic } # footnote numbers - # @FootNoteThrough { No } # numbered through chapter? - # @FootNoteLocation { ColFoot } # where the footnote appears - # @FootNoteFont { 0.80f } # font for footnotes - # @FootNoteBreak { 1.2fx @OrIfPlain 1fx } # break for footnotes - # @FootLen { 2.00c @OrIfPlain 10s } # length of footnote line - # @FootAboveGap { @DisplayGap } # gap above footnote line - # @FootGap { 0.20c @OrIfPlain 1fx } # gap between footnotes - # @MarginNoteFont { 0.80f } # font of margin notes - # @MarginNoteBreak { ragged 1.10fx } # break style of margin notes - # @MarginNoteHGap { 0.5c } # horizontal gap to notes - # @MarginNoteVGap { @DisplayGap } # min vertical gap between - # @MarginNoteWidth { 1.50c } # width of margin notes - # @EndNoteNumbers { Arabic } # endnote numbers - # @EndNoteFont { 0.80f } # font of endnotes - # @EndNoteBreak { 1.2fx @OrIfPlain 1fx } # break for endnotes - # @EndNoteGap { 0.20c @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between endnotes - # @TheoremWord { theorem } # "Theorem" word, etc. - # @DefinitionWord { definition } # "Definition" word, etc. - # @ClaimWord { claim } # "Claim" word, etc. - # @PropositionWord { proposition } # "Proposition" word, etc. - # @LemmaWord { lemma } # "Lemma" word, etc. - # @CorollaryWord { corollary } # "Corollary" word, etc. - # @ExampleWord { example } # "Example" word, etc. - # @ProofWord { proof } # "Proof" word, etc. - # @PageHeaders { Simple } # None Simple Titles NoTitles - @PageHeaders { Titles } # None Simple Titles NoTitles - # @PageNumbers { Arabic } # page numbers - # @FirstPageNumber { 1 } # number of first page - # @IntroPageNumbers { Roman } # intro page numbers - # @IntroFirstPageNumber{ 1 } # number of first intro page - # @StructPageNums { No } # make structured page numbers - - # @OddTop { @Centre{- @PageNum -} } # Simple page headers - # @OddFoot { @Null } - # @EvenTop { @Centre{- @PageNum -} } - # @EvenFoot { @Null } - # @StartOddTop { @Null } - # @StartOddFoot { @Null } - # @StartEvenTop { @Null } - # @StartEvenFoot { @Null } - # @IntroOddTop { @Null } - # @IntroOddFoot { @Centre @PageNum } - # @IntroEvenTop { @Null } - # @IntroEvenFoot { @Centre @PageNum } - # @IntroStartOddTop { @Null } - # @IntroStartOddFoot { @Null } - # @IntroStartEvenTop { @Null } - # @IntroStartEvenFoot { @Null } - - # Titles, NoTitles headers - # @RunningOddTop { @I {@MinorNum @DotSep @MinorTitle} @Right @B @PageNum } - # @RunningOddFoot { @Null } - # @RunningEvenTop { @B @PageNum @Right @I {@MajorNum @DotSep @MajorTitle} } - # @RunningEvenFoot { @Null } - # @RunningStartOddTop { @Null } - # @RunningStartOddFoot { @Centre { Bold 0.8f } @Font @PageNum } - # @RunningStartEvenTop { @Null } - # @RunningStartEvenFoot { @Centre { Bold 0.8f } @Font @PageNum } - # @RunningIntroOddTop { @Null } - # @RunningIntroOddFoot { @Right @PageNum } - # @RunningIntroEvenTop { @Null } - # @RunningIntroEvenFoot { @PageNum } - # @RunningIntroStartOddTop { @Null } - # @RunningIntroStartOddFoot { @Null } - # @RunningIntroStartEvenTop { @Null } - # @RunningIntroStartEvenFoot { @Null } -} - - -############################################################################### -# # -# The @BookSetup @Use clause - options specific to books. # -# # -############################################################################### - -@Use { @BookSetup - # @TitlePageFont { Helvetica Base} # title page font (not size) - # @SeparateIntroNumbering { Yes } # separate intro page numbers - # @PrefaceAfterContents { No } # Yes or No - # @ChapterStartPages { Any } # Any, Odd, or Even - # @ReferencesBeforeAppendices { No } # references before appendices - # @PrefaceWord { preface } # word for "Preface" - # @ContentsWord { contents } # word for "Contents" - 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# @SubAppendixNumbers { Arabic } # kind of subappendix numbers - # @FirstSubAppendixNumber { 1 } # first sub-app num (Arabic) - # @SubSubAppendixNumbers { Arabic } # kind of sub-subapp. numbers - # @FirstSubSubAppendixNumber { 1 } # first sub-sub num (Arabic) - # @PartHeadingFont { Helvetica Base 2.50f } # part head font - # @PartHeadingBreak { clines 1.2fx nohyphen } # part head break - # @PartHeadingFormat { @CD number @DP @CD title } # part head format - # @ChapterHeadingFont { Bold 2.00f } # chapter head font - # @ChapterHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # chapter head break - # @ChapterHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # format of chap. head - # @SectionHeadingFont { Bold } # section head font - # @SectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # section head break - # @SectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # section head fmt - # @SubSectionHeadingFont { Bold } # subs. head font - # @SubSectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # subs. head break - # @SubSectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # subs. head fmt - # @SubSubSectionHeadingFont { Slope } # sub-subs. head font - # @SubSubSectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # sub-subs. head break - # @SubSubSectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # sub-subs. head fmt - # @AppendixHeadingFont { Bold 2.00f } # appendix head font - # @AppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # appendix head break - # @AppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # appendix head fmt - # @SubAppendixHeadingFont { Bold } # subapp. head font - # @SubAppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # subapp. head break - # @SubAppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # subapp. head fmt - # @SubSubAppendixHeadingFont { Slope } # sub-suba. head font - # @SubSubAppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # sub-suba. head break - # @SubSubAppendixHeadingFormat{ number @DotSep title } # sub-suba. head fmt - # @AbovePartGap { 4.00f } # gap above part title - # @AboveChapterGap { 3.00f } # above major titles - # @SectionGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between sections - # @SubSectionGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between subsects - # @SubSubSectionGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between sub-subs. - # @SubAppendixGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between subappendices - # @SubSubAppendixGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between sub-subapps - # @IntroductionInContents { Yes } # add introduction to contents - # @PartInContents { Yes } # add parts to contents - # @ChapterInContents { Yes } # add chapters to contents - # @SectionInContents { Yes } # add sections to contents - # @SubSectionInContents { Yes } # add subsections to contents - # @SubSubSectionInContents { No } # add sub-subsects to contents - # @AppendixInContents { Yes } # add appendices to contents - # @SubAppendixInContents { Yes } # add subappendices to contents - # @SubSubAppendixInContents { No } # add sub-subapps to contents - # @ReferencesInContents { Yes } # add ref. section to contents - # @IndexInContents { Yes } # add index to contents - # @IndexAInContents { Yes } # add index A to contents - # @IndexBInContents { Yes } # add index B to contents - # @PartContentsIndent { 0.5rt } # indent of part contents entry - # @ChapterNumInTheorems { Yes } # theorem num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInTheorems { Yes } # theorem num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInTheorems{ No } # theorem num has sub-sa. num - # @ChapterNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInDisplays { No } # display num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInDisplays { No } # display num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInDisplays{ No } # display num has sub-sa. num - # @ChapterNumInFigures { Yes } # figure num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInFigures { Yes } # figure num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-sa. num - # @ChapterNumInTables { Yes } # table num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInTables { No } # table num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInTables { No } # table num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInTables { Yes } # table num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-sa. num - # @SectionNumInRunners { Yes } # runners have section num - # @SubSectionNumInRunners { No } # runners have subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-ss. num - # @SubAppendixNumInRunners { Yes } # runners have sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-sa. num - # @PrefacePrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @ContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @FigureContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @TableContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @IntroductionPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @ChapterPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @AppendixPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @ReferencesPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @IndexPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @IndexAPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @IndexBPrefix { } # for structured page nums -} - - -############################################################################### -# # -# @Database (and @SysDatabase) clauses go here. # -# # -############################################################################### - -@SysDatabase @FontDef { fontdefs } # fond definitions -@SysDatabase @RefStyle { refstyle } # reference printing styles diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mat b/doc/doc/user/mat deleted file mode 100644 index cbead5c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mat +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Mathematics } - @Tag { mathematics } -@Begin -@LP -This chapter explains how to produce mathematics in Lout, -equations. @RawIndex { equations @I see mathematics } -mathematics. @Index mathematics -mathematics.math @SubIndex { @Code "@Math" } -math. @Index { @Code "@Math" (mathematics) } -using the @Code "@Math" symbol -@FootNote { -@Code "@Math" follows the equation formatting rules of D. E. Knuth's -knuth @Index { Knuth, D. E. } -tex. @Index { @TeX } -@TeX system. Prior to Version 3.37 of Lout, this chapter described -a symbol called -eq. @Index @Code "@Eq" -{@Code "@Eq"} which was similar to {@Code "@Math"} but less faithful -to those rules. For backward compatibility the @Code "@Eq" symbol -is still available and still works exactly as described in the old -documentation, but there is no reason to use it in new documents. -} -like this: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@Math { int from { 0 } to { 1 } dx over sqrt {1 - x sup 2} = pi over 2 } -} -This example produces -@ID @Math { int from { 0 } to { 1 } dx over sqrt {1 - x sup 2} = pi over 2 } -The @Code "@Math" symbol looks after all the details of spacing for -you, and it provides several hundred mathematical symbols. -@BeginSections -@Include { mat_intr } -@Include { mat_comm } -@Include { mat_matr } -@Include { mat_disp } -@Include { mat_defs } -@Include { mat_summ } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mat_comm b/doc/doc/user/mat_comm deleted file mode 100644 index 4fbb3a7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mat_comm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,124 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Commonly used symbols } - @Tag { mat_comm } -@Begin -@PP -@Code "@Math" prints characters in the fonts appropriate for mathematics: -@ID { -@Code "x - 2" -|7ct -@Math { x-2 } -} -Here @Math { x } is in Italic, @Math { 2 } is in Roman, and @Math { minus } -is from the Symbol font. The character @Code "-" is a @I symbol which -stands for @Math {minus}, and @Code "2" is also a symbol, standing for -@Math { 2 }. @Code "@Math" offers a vast array of symbols: -@ID { -@Code "Omega delta integral partial club" -|7ct -@Math { Omega delta integral partial club } -} -This section introduces the most commonly used ones; -Section {@NumberOf mat_summ} has the full list. -@PP -Symbols whose names are made from letters should be separated from each -other by at least one space or end of line, as was done above, or else -@Code "@Math" will become confused: -@ID { -@Code "Omegadelta" -|7ct -@Math { Omegadelta } -} -Symbols whose names are made from digits and punctuation characters can, -however, be run together with each other and with symbols made from -letters: -@ID { -@Code "Omega-delta<=2" -|7ct -@Math { Omega-delta<=2 } -} -This rule applies throughout Lout (Section {@NumberOf spaces}). -@PP -Some symbols join objects together in mathematical ways: -@ID { -@Code "x sub 2" -|7ct -@Math { x sub 2 } -} -Here the @Code "sub" symbol has taken the object just to its left, and -mathematics.sub. @SubIndex { @Code "sub" symbol } -sub. @Index { @Code "sub" symbol (mathematics) } -the object just to its right, and joined them into one object in the -form of a subscript. The two objects are called the left and right -parameters of {@Code "sub"}, and they may be arbitrary Lout objects. -@PP -Similar symbols include {@Code "sup"} for -mathematics.sup. @SubIndex { @Code "sup" symbol } -sup. @Index { @Code "sup" symbol (mathematics) } -superscripting, @Code "over" for built-up fractions, -mathematics.over. @SubIndex { @Code "over" symbol } -over. @Index { @Code "over" symbol (mathematics) } -and @Code sqrt for square roots. -mathematics.sqrt. @SubIndex { @Code "sqrt" symbol } -sqrt. @Index { @Code "sqrt" symbol (mathematics) } -The @Code "-" symbol used earlier is an example of a -@I { binary operator } symbol, and @Code "<=" is -mathematics.binary.operators. @SubIndex { binary operators } -binary.operators. @Index { binary operators (mathematics) } -a @I { relation } symbol. These take the objects -mathematics.relation. @SubIndex { relation symbols } -relation.symbols. @Index { relation symbols (mathematics) } -to their left and right and display them as shown; it's hard -to see, but there is slightly more space around relations -than around binary operators. There are also @I { large operator } -mathematics.large.operators. @SubIndex { large operators } -large.operators. @Index { large operators (mathematics) } -symbols which take @Code { from } and @Code { to } options and -set them as limits: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { sum from { i=0 } to { n } i } -|7ct -@Math { sum from { i=0 } to { n } i } -} -As usual in Lout, options are optional, but when given, their values -must be enclosed in braces as shown. Section {@NumberOf mat_summ} -has the full list of large operator symbols. -@PP -All these symbols may be used together to produce complicated -mathematics very easily: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { sqrt { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } over 2 } -|7ct -@Math { sqrt { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } over 2 } -} -Braces are used in the usual way for grouping. Leaving them out -creates ambiguities: -@ID @Code "a sup b over c" -There are two possible interpretations for this: -@IndentedList -@LI { -@Code "{a sup b} over c" -|7ct -@ZeroHeight @Math { {a sup b} over c } -} -@LI { -@Code "a sup {b over c}" -|7ct -@Math { a sup {b over c} } -} -@EndList -@Code "@Math" chooses between them in the following way. Every symbol -that takes a parameter also has a {@I precedence}, which is a number -defined in Section {@NumberOf mat_summ}. -mathematics.precedence @SubIndex { precedence of symbols } -precedence.mathematics @Index { precedence of symbols (mathematics) } -The symbol with the higher precedence wins the object lying between -them. White space between two objects is considered to be a symbol -whose precedence is lower than that of any @Code "@Math" symbol. If -two symbols of equal precedence compete for an object, the association -is towards the left. -@PP -In the above case the first interpretation is chosen, because -@Code "sup" has higher precedence than {@Code "over"}. When -in doubt, use braces to make the grouping clear. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mat_defs b/doc/doc/user/mat_defs deleted file mode 100644 index 15d4e05..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mat_defs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Defining new mathematical symbols } -@Begin -@PP -Whenever you type a particular piece of mathematics repeatedly, you -can save time by using definitions. Definitions are the subject of -Section {@NumberOf definitions}, so here we will just give a few examples -mathematics.definitions @SubIndex { definitions, use with } -definitions. @RawIndex { definitions } -definitions.use.with.mathematics @SubIndex { use with mathematics } -of their use in formatting mathematics. -@PP -Suppose for example that @OneCol @Math { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i } -occurs frequently in your document. Then -@ID @Code "def epi { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i }" -makes the symbol @Code "epi" stand for the object between the braces: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { sum from { i=1 } to { n } ` epi } -|7ct -@Math { sum from { i=1 } to { n } ` epi } -} -Parameters are very useful when parts of the symbol vary: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -def ep right x -{ - p sub x ` log sub 2 ` p sub x -} -} -The parameter @Code x will be replaced by the object just to the right -of {@Code "ep"}: -@ID { -@Code { -"sum from { i=1 } to { k } ` ep i +" -"sum from { j=k+1 } to { n } ep j" -} -||7ct -@Math { -sum from { i=1 } to { k } ` ep i + -sum from { j=k+1 } to { n } ep j -} -} -The precedence of the symbols you define will be 100 by default. -To make the symbols of @Code "@Math" available within such definitions, -each must be preceded by {@Code "import @Math"}. As explained in Section -{@NumberOf definitions}, the definitions go into a file called -{@Code "mydefs"}, which might look like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -import @Math -def epi { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i } - -import @Math -def ep right x { p sub x ` log sub 2 ` p sub x } -} -Use of @Code "epi" and @Code "ep" outside @Code "@Math" will cause an error. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mat_disp b/doc/doc/user/mat_disp deleted file mode 100644 index e250850..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mat_disp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Displaying equations } - @Tag { mathdisplays } -@Begin -@PP -The result of the @Code "@Math" symbol is an object which, according to the -displayed.mathematics @Index { displayed mathematics } -golden rule (Section {@NumberOf objects}), may appear anywhere: inside -a paragraph, inside a table, and so on. In particular, equations are -often displayed using the @Code "@CentredDisplay" or @Code "@IndentedDisplay" -symbols from Section {@NumberOf displays}: -@ID @Code "@IndentedDisplay @Math { ... }" -Now displayed equations are often numbered, and often aligned with one -another on their equals signs. For this there are special display -symbols which are the the subject of this section. These symbols can -align and number any display at all, but since in practice they seem to -be used only with equations, we discuss them here rather than in -Section {@NumberOf displays} where they really belong. -@PP -Let's begin by looking at a first example of a numbered display: -aligned.displays @Index { aligned displays } -aligned.equations @Index { aligned mathematics } -numbered.displays @Index { numbered displays } -numbered.equations @Index { numbered mathematics } -@BeginAlignedDisplays -@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay - @Tag { fibeq } -@Math { F sub n ^= F sub {n-1} + F sub {n-2} } -After the display we might have some more text for a while, and then -we might want a second display, aligned on its equals sign with the -first, and also numbered in sequence with it: -@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay -@Math { F sub n - F sub {n-1} ^= F sub {n-2} } -@EndAlignedDisplays -Notice that the two displays are centred as a block as well as -aligned. Altogether there are four ways in which displays vary: -@BL -@LI { A display can be raw or not raw (see below); } -@LI { It can be a {@Code "@Display"}, {@Code "@LeftDisplay"}, -{@Code "@IndentedDisplay"}, {@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}, -{@Code "@CentredDisplay"}, {@Code "@CenteredDisplay"}, -or {@Code "@RightDisplay"}; } -@LI { It can be aligned or not aligned; } -@LI { It can be numbered or not numbered. } -@EL -All possible combinations are allowed. The display that has everything -is called -@ID @Code "@RawCentredAlignedNumberedDisplay" -By leaving out some or all of {@Code Raw}, {@Code Aligned}, and -{@Code Numbered}, and by changing or leaving out {@Code Centred}, -we get all these combinations. The two displays -numbereddisplay. @Index @Code "@NumberedDisplay" -aligneddisplay. @Index @Code "@AlignedDisplay" -given earlier were made like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -... a first example of a numbered display: -@BeginAlignedDisplays -@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay - @Tag { fibeq } -@Math { F sub n ^= F sub {n-1} + F sub {n-2} } -After the display we might ... numbered in sequence with it: -@CentredAlignedNumberedDisplay @Math { F sub n - F sub {n-1} ^= F sub {n-2} } -@EndAlignedDisplays -Notice that the two displays are centred ... -} -All numbered displays have an optional @Code "@Tag" option which is -used for cross referencing (see Section {@NumberOf cross}). Alignment -and numbering work quite independently; they don't have to start or end -together, and there can be non-aligned and non-numbered displays among -the others. -@PP -When aligned displays are used, it is necessary to indicate where the -aligned group begins and ends, by placing @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" -beginaligneddisplays @Index @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" -endaligneddisplays @Index @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" -just before the first, and @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" just after the -last. The alignment points are indicated by preceding them by the -symbol {@Code "^"}, so you aren't restricted to aligning at equals -signs. @Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" and @Code "@EndAlignedDisplays" -cannot span across several sections or subsections: the equations -aligned by them must lie within a single large-scale structure symbol. -@PP -In our example of aligned and numbered displays, the two displays -were separated by some ordinary text. Very often, though, aligned -displays follow directly after each other. This is a problem, because -if you have one display directly following another there will be too -much vertical space between them. This problem was mentioned in -Section {@NumberOf displays}, and the recommended solution was to -use a list. However, there are no aligned or numbered (in this sense) -lists. -@PP -Fortunately, each display symbol has a `raw' version, which -means that no space is inserted above or below the display. Instead, -raw.displays @Index { raw displays } -you must insert it yourself using paragraph symbols: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -preceding text -@DP -@RawAlignedDisplay @Math { ... } -@DP -@RawAlignedNumberedDisplay @Math { ... } -@DP -following text -} -# You get the right spacing by placing {@Code "@DP"} symbols before, -# between, and after each display; and you get to use the specialized -# displays that you need. -Raw and non-raw displays may be numbered and aligned together. -@PP -Numbered displays are numbered automatically. Depending on where in -the document they appear, the number might include a chapter number -or section number, etc. This is controlled by options in the setup -file; for example, setting @Code "@ChapterNumInDisplays" to @Code Yes -ensures that numbered displays will be numbered afresh at the beginning -of each chapter, and that the number will include a chapter number. There -is also a @Code "@DisplayNumStyle" option which controls the style of -displays; the default value, {@Code "(num)"}, encloses the number in -parentheses as usual for equations. -@PP -Every display symbol has an abbreviated form consisting of @Code "@" -followed by its capital letters only. For example, -@Code "@BeginAlignedDisplays" may be abbreviated to {@Code "@BAD"}, and -the display that has everything to {@Code "@RCAND"}. Owing to an -unfortunate clash between the initial letters of `raw' and `right', -@Code "@RightDisplay" and the other right displays have no abbreviations. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mat_intr b/doc/doc/user/mat_intr deleted file mode 100644 index 24b5347..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mat_intr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Getting started } -@Begin -@PP -The Lout definitions for the @Code "@Math" symbol are accessed via a setup -file called {@Code "math"}, which you must include at the start of your -document if -math.file @Index { @Code "math" file } -you want mathematics, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { tbl }" -"@SysInclude { math }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -This shows what to do if you want both tables and mathematics, but you -may leave out the line for tables if you don't want them. Setup files -for specialized packages, such as {@Code "tbl"} and {@Code "math"}, -are best included before the main setup file, but may be included in -any order. -@PP -With the @Code "math" file included, you may write -@ID @Code "@Math { ... }" -at any point in your document, and the symbols of @Code "@Math" will be -available between the braces. Any symbols available outside continue -to be available inside, which means that mathematics may be freely mixed -with other symbols. -@PP -The @Code "@Math" symbol may appear anywhere; its job is to produce -an object containing mathematics, and it neither knows nor cares where -that object goes. To display mathematics, use a display symbol -like @Code "@IndentedDisplay" or @Code "@CentredDisplay" -(Section {@NumberOf displays}). For example, -@ID @Code "@CentredDisplay @Math { int from { 0 } to { pi } sin ` x = 0 }" -produces -@CentredDisplay @Math { int from { 0 } to { pi } sin ` x = 0 } -There are also symbols for aligned and numbered displays -(Section {@NumberOf mathdisplays}). -@PP -The @Code "@Math" symbol sets the mathematics in @I { display style }, -mathematics.display.style @SubIndex { display style } -display.style @Index { display style (mathematics) } -a style suited to displays. To get mathematics within a paragraph, -it is best to use a variant of @Code "@Math" called {@Code "@M"}. The -mathematics.maaa @SubIndex { @Code "@M" } -maaa. @Index { @Code "@M" (mathematics) } -value of @Code "@M { ... }" will be kept together on one line, and it -will appear in @I { text style }, a more compact style suited to -mathematics.text.style @SubIndex { text style } -text.style @Index { text style (mathematics) } -mathematics within paragraphs. -@PP -Throughout this chapter we show the Lout input at the left, and its -result at the right: -@ID { -@Code "@Math { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} over 2 }" -|7ct -@Math { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} over 2 } -} -Subsequent examples will omit the enclosing {@Code "@Math { ... }"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mat_matr b/doc/doc/user/mat_matr deleted file mode 100644 index 45c9b76..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mat_matr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,295 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Matrices } - @Tag { matrices } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code matrix symbol {@PageMark matrix} builds an array of objects: -mathematics.matrix @SubIndex { @Code "matrix" symbol } -matrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "matrix" symbol (mathematics) } -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { -matrix - atleft { blpar } - atright { brpar } -{ - row col x sup 2 col y sup 2 col z sup 2 - row col x col y col z - row col 1 col 1 col 1 -} -} -||9ct -@Math { -matrix - atleft { blpar } - atright { brpar } -{ - row col x sup 2 col y sup 2 col z sup 2 - row col x col y col z - row col 1 col 1 col 1 -} -} -} -The @Code atleft and @Code atright options place vertically scaled -versions of their values at each side; if either is omitted the value -is taken to be an empty object of zero width. Although @Code blpar -and @Code brpar are used here, since the options are vertically -scaled it would also be reasonable to use just -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } -} -The right parameter of @Code matrix is the array itself. It must be -enclosed in braces. It is a sequence of rows introduced by -@Code row symbols; each row is a sequence of objects introduced -by @Code col symbols. The @Code row and @Code col symbols have -low precedence (Section {@NumberOf mat_summ}), but not as low as -white space between objects, so it is safest to enclose the entries -in braces, except in simple cases. -@PP -Entries built with the @Code col symbol have their objects centred in -the column. Also available are @Code lcol for left-justified entries, -@Code ccol meaning the same as {@Code col}, @Code rcol for -right-justified entries, and @Code mcol for alignment along column -marks. Each column may contain entries of different kinds, except -that @Code mcol does not work well with any other sort. -@PP -When several matrices appear side by side, slight differences in height -can cause an unsightly appearance: -@ID @Math { -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } -{ - row col a sub 11 col a sub 12 - row col a sub 21 col a sub 22 -} -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } -{ - row col b sub 11 col b sub 12 - row col b sub 21 col b sub 22 -} -= -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } -{ - row col c sub 11 col c sub 12 - row col c sub 21 col c sub 22 -} -} -To assist in resolving this problem, the @Code "matrix" symbol has -a @Code "strut" option, which causes a strut to be inserted into -every row, guaranteeing that every row has height at least equal -to the height of the strut. By using -@ID @Code { -"matrix" -" strut { Yes }" -"..." -} -in each of the three matrices above, the result is improved to -@ID @Math { -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } - strut { Yes } -{ - row col a sub 11 col a sub 12 - row col a sub 21 col a sub 22 -} -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } - strut { Yes } -{ - row col b sub 11 col b sub 12 - row col b sub 21 col b sub 22 -} -= -matrix - atleft { ( } - atright { ) } - strut { Yes } -{ - row col c sub 11 col c sub 12 - row col c sub 21 col c sub 22 -} -} -By default, the strut has height @Code "0.5f" (half the current font -size) both above and below the axis of the row. This can be changed -by giving any length as the value of the @Code "strut" option: -@Code "strut { 2.0c }" for two centimetres above and below -the axis, and so on. -@PP -Some symbols are defined which produce `matrices' with commonly needed -@Code atleft and @Code atright options already set for you: -@ID { -@Code { "fmatrix { {n+1} over 2 }" } -|7ct -@Math { fmatrix { {n+1} over 2 } } -} -As this example shows, these symbols are very useful for getting large -scaled delimiters around things that aren't necessarily matrices at all. -Section {@NumberOf mat_summ} has the full list of these symbols. -@PP -Every fragment of mathematics has an @I axis running through it which -is used to position it vertically -mathematics.axis @SubIndex { axis of } -axis @Index { axis (in mathematics) } -with respect to nearby objects. In the Expert's Guide to Lout -@Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert } this is called a @I { row mark }, -but we'll stick with axis. Here are some examples with the axis -shown as a dashed line: -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Math { x sup 2 } -||2c -@ShowHMark @Math { non + } -||2c -@ShowHMark @Math { @ExA } -} -When these objects are placed adjacent to one another, their -axes are merged: -@ID @ShowHMark @Math { x sup 2 + @ExA } -Most of the time you do not need to think about vertical -positioning, because for most objects there is just one -sensible place for the axis to go, and Lout puts it there. -@PP -Matrices and the delimiters that enclose them are the two -exceptions. Lout makes the axis of a matrix pass through -its exact centre, and it shifts the axes of delimiters -so that they exactly enclose the thing delimited. These -choices are never disastrous, but there are other possibilities -that might be better sometimes. -@PP -The axis of a matrix could reasonably be set to the axis -of any of its rows: -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Math { -matrix userow { yes } { - axisrow col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - row col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -||2c -@ShowHMark @Math { -matrix userow { yes } { - row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - axisrow col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - row col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -||2c -@ShowHMark @Math { -matrix userow { yes } { - row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - axisrow col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -} -Alternatively, it could be set to where Lout usually places it, -through the exact centre: -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Math { -matrix { - row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - row col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - row col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -} -Delimiters could reasonably keep the axes that they naturally -have (approximately through their centres, but not exactly): -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow { yes } shiftdelim { no } { @ExA } } -} -or they could have their axes moved in the way that Lout usually does, -to the point which allows them to evenly cover the thing delimited: -@ID { -@ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow { yes } { @ExA } } -} -Altogether then there are four possibilities when these two alternatives -interact: -@CD lines @Break @Tbl - aformat { @Cell 0.5w @VShift A | @Cell | @Cell B | @Cell | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { } - B { Matrix axis -uses row axis } - C { Matrix axis passes -through centre } -@Rowa - A { Delimiter -keeps its axis } - B { @ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow {yes} shiftdelim {no } { @ExA } } } - C { @ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow {no } shiftdelim {no } { @ExA } } } -@Rowa - A { Delimiter -axis shifted } - B { @ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow {yes} shiftdelim {yes} { @ExA } } } - C { @ShowHMark @Math { pmatrix userow {no } shiftdelim {yes} { @ExA } } } -} -To supply these possibilities, the @Code "matrix" symbol and all -its variants (@Code "fmatrix" etc.) have two options whose -values may be {@Code "yes"} or {@Code "no"}: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -matrix - userow { no } - shiftdelim { yes } -{ - ... -} -} -The @Code "userow" option determines whether the axis of the -matrix will use a row axis; the default is not to, i.e. to -centre the axis. The @Code "shiftdelim" option determines whether -the axis of the delimiter will be shifted so that the delimiter -evenly covers the thing delimited; the default is to do this. -@PP -If @Code "userow" is {@Code "yes"}, the next question is -which row's axis to use to make the overall axis. If you -do nothing, the first (or only) row's axis becomes the -overall axis. To select some other row instead, replace -the @Code "row" symbol that precedes the row by {@Code "axisrow"}: -@ID @Code @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - mh { 1s } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell | @Cell B | @Cell | @Cell C | @Cell | - @Cell D } - bformat { @Cell A | @Cell " col" | @Cell B | @Cell " col" | @Cell C | - @Cell " col" | @Cell D } -{ -@Rowa - A { "matrix userow { yes } {" &0io } -@Rowb - A { " row" } - B { "x sup 3" } - C { "y sup 3" } - D { "z sup 3" } -@Rowb - A { " axisrow" } - B { "x sup 2" } - C { "y sup 2" } - D { "z sup 2" } -@Rowb - A { " row" } - B { "x" } - C { "y" } - D { "z" } -@Rowa - A { "}" } -} -The result of this is -@ID @ShowHMark @Math { -matrix userow { yes } { - row col { x sup 3 } col { y sup 3 } col { z sup 3 } - axisrow col { x sup 2 } col { y sup 2 } col { z sup 2 } - row col { x } col { y } col { z } -} -} -with the axis through the second row as desired. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mat_summ b/doc/doc/user/mat_summ deleted file mode 100644 index f6bf1a2..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mat_summ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1314 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Summary } - @Tag { mat_summ } -@Begin -@PP -This section is a complete list of the symbols provided by -{@Code "@Math"}. We divide them into @I { helper }, @I { ordinary }, -@I { variable-building }, @I { large operator }, @I { unary operator }, -@I { binary operator }, @I { relation }, and @I { punctuation } symbols. -mathematics.precedence @SubIndex { precedence of symbols } -precedence.mathematics @Index { precedence of symbols (mathematics) } -The precedences of these symbols, where relevant, are as follows: -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell indent { ctr } B | @Cell mr { 0i } C } - afont { Italic } - bformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell indent { ctr } B | @Cell mr { 0i } C } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { Symbol type } - B { Precedence } - C { Symbols } - rb { yes } -@Rowb - A { Helper } - B { 100 } - C { @Code { "big" } @Code { "small" } @Code { "vctr" } -@Code { "@SuperScriptStyle" } etc. -# @Code { "@SubScriptStyle" } -# @Code { "@NumeratorStyle" } @Code { "@DenominatorStyle" } -# @Code { "@SquareRootStyle" } -} -@Rowb - A { Variable-building } - B { 84 } - C { @Code { "dot" } @Code { "dotdot" } @Code { "hat" } -@Code { "tilde" } @Code { "vec" } @Code { "dyad" } -@Code { "overbar" } @Code { "underbar" } -} -@Rowb - A { Variable-building } - B { 82 } - C { @Code { "sub" } @Code { "on" } @Code { "ton" } } -@Rowb - A { Variable-building } - B { 80 } - C { @Code { "sup" } @Code { "supp" } } -@Rowb - A { Unary operator } - B { 70 } - C { @Code { sqrt } @Code { root } @Code { zroot } @Code { matrix } etc. } -@Rowb - A { Binary operator } - B { 64 } - C { @Code { "times" } @Code { "*" } } -@Rowb - A { Binary operator } - B { 62 } - C { @Code { "div" } @Code { "frac" } @Code { "over" } } -@Rowb - A { Binary operator } - B { 60 } - C { @Code { "bin" } @Code { "+" } @Code { "-" } and -all other binary operator symbols } -@Rowb - A { Relation } - B { 50 } - C { @Code "rel" and all other relation symbols } -@Rowb - A { Punctuation } - B { 40 } - C { @Code { "punct" } @Code { ";" } @Code { "," } @Code { "col" } } -@Rowb - A { Helper } - B { 26 } - C { @Code "non" } -@Rowb - A { Helper } - B { 24 } - C { @Code { "above" } @Code { "below" } @Code { "wideabove" } -@Code { "widebelow" } -} -@Rowb - A { Helper } - B { 22 } - C { @Code { "col" } @Code { "lcol" } @Code { "ccol" } -@Code { "rcol" } @Code { "mcol" } } -@Rowb - A { Helper } - B { 20 } - C { @Code { "row" } @Code { "axisrow" } } - rb { yes } - mb { 0i } -} -Results are shown in display style in this section; the other styles -give more compressed results. -@BeginSubSections - -@SubSection - @Title { Helper symbols } -@Begin -@LP -The full list of helper symbols is -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell mr { 0i } B } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { @Code "`" } - B { Thin space, as after punctuation symbols } -@Rowa - A { @Code "``" } - B { Medium space, as around binary operator symbols } -@Rowa - A { @Code "```" } - B { Thick space, as around relation symbols } -@Rowa - A { @Code "big x" -mathematics.big. @SubIndex { @Code "big" symbol } -big. @Index { @Code "big" symbol (mathematics) } -} - B { Make @Code x larger } -@Rowa - A { @Code "small x" -mathematics.small. @SubIndex { @Code "small" symbol } -small. @Index { @Code "small" symbol (mathematics) } -} - B { Make @Code x smaller } -@Rowa - A { @Code "vctr x" -mathematics.vctr. @SubIndex { @Code "vctr" symbol } -vctr. @Index { @Code "vctr" symbol (mathematics) } -} - B { Centre @Code x vertically } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@SuperScriptStyle x" -mathematics.superscriptstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@SuperScriptStyle" } -superscriptstyle. @Index { @Code "@SuperScriptStyle" (mathematics) } -} - B { Set @Code x in the style of a superscript } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@SubScriptStyle x" -mathematics.subscriptstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@SubScriptStyle" } -subscriptstyle. @Index { @Code "@SubScriptStyle" (mathematics) } -} - B { Set @Code x in the style of a subscript } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@NumeratorStyle x" -mathematics.numeratorstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@NumeratorStyle" } -numeratorstyle. @Index { @Code "@NumeratorStyle" (mathematics) } -} - B { Set @Code x in the style of a numerator } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@DenominatorStyle x" -mathematics.denominatorstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@DenominatorStyle" } -denominatorstyle. @Index { @Code "@DenominatorStyle" (mathematics) } -} - B { Set @Code x in the style of a denominator } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@SquareRootStyle x" -mathematics.squarerootstyle. @SubIndex { @Code "@SquareRootStyle" } -squarerootstyle. @Index { @Code "@SquareRootStyle" (mathematics) } -} - B { Set @Code x in the style of a square root } -@Rowa - A { @Code { above } @Code { below } @Code { wideabove } -@Code { widebelow } } - B { Vertical stacking (see below) } -@Rowa - A { @Code { "col" } @Code { "lcol" } @Code { "ccol" } -@Code { "rcol" } @Code { "mcol" } @Code { "row" } @Code { "axisrow" } } - B { Used only within matrices (Section {@NumberOf matrices}) } -@Rowa - A { @Code "non x" } - B { Remove spaces from @Code x (see below) } - mb { 0i } -} -where @Code "x" is arbitrary as usual. The @Code "above" symbol prints -mathematics.above. @SubIndex { @Code "above" symbol } -above. @Index { @Code "above" symbol (mathematics) } -the preceding object above the following object, while the @Code "below" -mathematics.below. @SubIndex { @Code "below" symbol } -below. @Index { @Code "below" symbol (mathematics) } -symbol prints it below: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { { a above f } + { z below b } } -|7ct -@Math { { a above f } + { z below b } } -} -Here is a larger example: -@ID { @Code @Verbatim { -sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } above - { 1 <= j <= q } above { 1 <= k <= r } } -{ a sub ij b sub jk c sub ki } -} -||7ct -@Math { - sum from { { 1 <= i <= p } above - { 1 <= j <= q } above - { 1 <= k <= r } } - { a sub { ij } b sub { jk } c sub { ki } } -} -} -The @Code "wideabove" and @Code "widebelow" symbols are like @Code "above" -mathematics.wideabove. @SubIndex { @Code "wideabove" symbol } -wideabove. @Index { @Code "wideabove" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.widebelow. @SubIndex { @Code "widebelow" symbol } -widebelow. @Index { @Code "widebelow" symbol (mathematics) } -and @Code "below" except that they horizontally scale the right parameter -to the width of the left: -@IL - -@LI { -@Code @Verbatim { -{a, ... , z} wideabove -{90d @Rotate blbrace} -} -||7ct -@Math { {a, ... , z} wideabove {90d @Rotate blbrace} } -} - -@LI { -@Code "{a, ... , z} widebelow minus" -|7ct -@Math { {a, ... , z} widebelow minus } -} -@EL -The @Code "non" symbol prints the following object without the -mathematics.non. @SubIndex { @Code "non" symbol } -non. @Index { @Code "non" symbol (mathematics) } -horizontal spacing it would usually contain. It has low precedence -so that, in examples like -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -The `@M { non <= }' operation is reflexive and transitive. -} -which produces -@ID { -The `@M { non <= }' operation is reflexive and transitive. -} -it is easy to use the familiar symbolic names for relations and -operators without getting the usual surrounding spaces, saving -the trouble of looking up the names of the characters. -@End @SubSection - -@SubSection - @Title { Ordinary symbols } -@Begin -@LP -Ordinary symbols are the simplest symbols. They do not take objects -mathematics.ordinary. @SubIndex { ordinary symbols } -ordinary. @Index { ordinary symbols (mathematics) } -to their left or right, and they always look the same except for the -usual change of size in certain contexts (superscripts, subscripts, etc.). -There are hundreds of these symbols, so they are presented here in groups. -@PP -The first group consists of all the symbols from the Adobe Symbol font; -these are as for the @Code "@Sym" symbol of Section {@NumberOf characters}, -but within @Code "@Math" you don't type {@Code "@Sym"}: -@DP -@Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml {@DisplayIndent} indent {right} w {@LCodeWidth} @Code A | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "space" } B { @Math { space } } - C { "exclam" } D { @Math { exclam } } - E { "universal" } F { @Math { universal } } -@Rowa - A { "numbersign" } B { @Math { numbersign } } - C { "existential" } D { @Math { existential } } - E { "percent" } F { @Math { percent } } -@Rowa - A { "ampersand" } B { @Math { ampersand } } - C { "suchthat" } D { @Math { suchthat } } - E { "parenleft" } F { @Math { parenleft } } -@Rowa - A { "parenright" } B { @Math { parenright } } - C { "asteriskmath" } D { @Math { asteriskmath } } - E { "plus" } F { @Math { plus } } -@Rowa - A { "comma" } B { @Math { comma } } - C { "minus" } D { @Math { minus } } - E { "period" } F { @Math { period } } -@Rowa - A { "slash" } B { @Math { slash } } - C { "zero" } D { @Math { zero } } - E { "one" } F { @Math { one } } -@Rowa - A { "two" } B { @Math { two } } - C { "three" } D { @Math { three } } - E { "four" } F { @Math { four } } -@Rowa - A { "five" } B { @Math { five } } - C { "six" } D { @Math { six } } - E { "seven" } F { @Math { seven } } -@Rowa - A { "eight" } B { @Math { eight } } - C { "nine" } D { @Math { nine } } - E { "colon" } F { @Math { colon } } -@Rowa - A { "semicolon" } B { @Math { semicolon } } - C { "less" } D { @Math { less } } - E { "equal" } F { @Math { equal } } -@Rowa - A { "greater" } B { @Math { greater } } - C { "question" } D { @Math { question } } - E { "congruent" } F { @Math { congruent } } -@Rowa - A { "Alpha" } B { @Math { Alpha } } - C { "Beta" } D { @Math { Beta } } - E { "Chi" } F { @Math { Chi } } -@Rowa - A { "Delta" } B { @Math { Delta } } - C { "Epsilon" } D { @Math { Epsilon } } - E { "Phi" } F { @Math { Phi } } -@Rowa - A { "Gamma" } B { @Math { Gamma } } - C { "Eta" } D { @Math { Eta } } - E { "Iota" } F { @Math { Iota } } -@Rowa - A { "thetaone" } B { @Math { thetaone } } - C { "Kappa" } D { @Math { Kappa } } - E { "Lambda" } F { @Math { Lambda } } -@Rowa - A { "Mu" } B { @Math { Mu } } - C { "Nu" } D { @Math { Nu } } - E { "Omicron" } F { @Math { Omicron } } -@Rowa - A { "Pi" } B { @Math { Pi } } - C { "Theta" } D { @Math { Theta } } - E { "Rho" } F { @Math { Rho } } -@Rowa - A { "Sigma" } B { @Math { Sigma } } - C { "Tau" } D { @Math { Tau } } - E { "Upsilon" } F { @Math { Upsilon } } -@Rowa - A { "sigmaone" } B { @Math { sigmaone } } - C { "Omega" } D { @Math { Omega } } - E { "Xi" } F { @Math { Xi } } -@Rowa - A { "Psi" } B { @Math { Psi } } - C { "Zeta" } D { @Math { Zeta } } - E { "bracketleft" } F { @Math { bracketleft } } -@Rowa - A { "therefore" } B { @Math { therefore } } - C { "bracketright" } D { @Math { bracketright } } - E { "perpendicular" } F { @Math { perpendicular } } -@Rowa - A { "underscore" } B { @Math { underscore } } - C { "radicalex" } D { @Math { radicalex } } - E { "alpha" } F { @Math { alpha } } -@Rowa - A { "beta" } B { @Math { beta } } - C { "chi" } D { @Math { chi } } - E { "delta" } F { @Math { delta } } -@Rowa - A { "epsilon" } B { @Math { epsilon } } - C { "phi" } D { @Math { phi } } - E { "gamma" } F { @Math { gamma } } -@Rowa - A { "eta" } B { @Math { eta } } - C { "iota" } D { @Math { iota } } - E { "phione" } F { @Math { phione } } -@Rowa - A { "kappa" } B { @Math { kappa } } - C { "lambda" } D { @Math { lambda } } - E { "mu" } F { @Math { mu } } -@Rowa - A { "nu" } B { @Math { nu } } - C { "omicron" } D { @Math { omicron } } - E { "pi" } F { @Math { pi } } -@Rowa - A { "theta" } B { @Math { theta } } - C { "rho" } D { @Math { rho } } - E { "sigma" } F { @Math { sigma } } -@Rowa - A { "tau" } B { @Math { tau } } - C { "upsilon" } D { @Math { upsilon } } - E { "omegaone" } F { @Math { omegaone } } -@Rowa - A { "omega" } B { @Math { omega } } - C { "xi" } D { @Math { xi } } - E { "psi" } F { @Math { psi } } -@Rowa - A { "zeta" } B { @Math { zeta } } - C { "braceleft" } D { @Math { braceleft } } - E { "bar" } F { @Math { bar } } -@Rowa - A { "braceright" } B { @Math { braceright } } - C { "similar" } D { @Math { similar } } - E { "Upsilonone" } F { @Math { Upsilonone } } -@Rowa - A { "minute" } B { @Math { minute } } - C { "lessequal" } D { @Math { lessequal } } - E { "fraction" } F { @Math { fraction } } -@Rowa - A { "infinity" } B { @Math { infinity } } - C { "florin" } D { @Math { florin } } - E { "club" } F { @Math { club } } -@Rowa - A { "diamond" } B { @Math { diamond } } - C { "heart" } D { @Math { heart } } - E { "spade" } F { @Math { spade } } -@Rowa - A { "arrowboth" } B { @Math { arrowboth } } - C { "arrowleft" } D { @Math { arrowleft } } - E { "arrowup" } F { @Math { arrowup } } -@Rowa - A { "arrowright" } B { @Math { arrowright } } - C { "arrowdown" } D { @Math { arrowdown } } - E { "degree" } F { @Math { degree } } -@Rowa - A { "plusminus" } B { @Math { plusminus } } - C { "second" } D { @Math { second } } - E { "greaterequal" } F { @Math { greaterequal } } -@Rowa - A { "multiply" } B { @Math { multiply } } - C { "proportional" } D { @Math { proportional } } - E { "partialdiff" } F { @Math { partialdiff } } -@Rowa - A { "bullet" } B { @Math { bullet } } - C { "divide" } D { @Math { divide } } - E { "notequal" } F { @Math { notequal } } -@Rowa - A { "equivalence" } B { @Math { equivalence } } - C { "approxequal" } D { @Math { approxequal } } - E { "ellipsis" } F { @Math { ellipsis } } -@Rowa - A { "arrowvertex" } B { @Math { arrowvertex } } - C { "arrowhorizex" } D { @Math { arrowhorizex } } - E { "carriagereturn" } F { @Math { carriagereturn } } -@Rowa - A { "aleph" } B { @Math { aleph } } - C { "Ifraktur" } D { @Math { Ifraktur } } - E { "Rfraktur" } F { @Math { Rfraktur } } -@Rowa - A { "weierstrass" } B { @Math { weierstrass } } - C { "circlemultiply" } D { @Math { circlemultiply } } - E { "circleplus" } F { @Math { circleplus } } -@Rowa - A { "emptyset" } B { @Math { emptyset } } - C { "intersection" } D { @Math { intersection } } - E { "union" } F { @Math { union } } -@Rowa - A { { 0.92 1.0 } @Scale "propersuperset" } B { @Math { propersuperset } } - C { "reflexsuperset" } D { @Math { reflexsuperset } } - E { "notsubset" } F { @Math { notsubset } } -@Rowa - A { "propersubset" } B { @Math { propersubset } } - C { "reflexsubset" } D { @Math { reflexsubset } } - E { "element" } F { @Math { element } } -@Rowa - A { "notelement" } B { @Math { notelement } } - C { "angle" } D { @Math { angle } } - E { "gradient" } F { @Math { gradient } } -@Rowa - A { "registerserif" } B { @Math { registerserif } } - C { "copyrightserif" } D { @Math { copyrightserif } } - E { "trademarkserif" } F { @Math { trademarkserif } } -@Rowa - A { "product" } B { @Math { product } } - C { "radical" } D { @Math { radical } } - E { "dotmath" } F { @Math { dotmath } } -@Rowa - A { "logicalnot" } B { @Math { logicalnot } } - C { "logicaland" } D { @Math { logicaland } } - E { "logicalor" } F { @Math { logicalor } } -@Rowa - A { "arrowdblboth" } B { @Math { arrowdblboth } } - C { "arrowdblleft" } D { @Math { arrowdblleft } } - E { "arrowdblup" } F { @Math { arrowdblup } } -@Rowa - A { "arrowdblright" } B { @Math { arrowdblright } } - C { "arrowdbldown" } D { @Math { arrowdbldown } } - E { "lozenge" } F { @Math { lozenge } } -@Rowa - A { "angleleft" } B { @Math { angleleft } } - C { "registersans" } D { @Math { registersans } } - E { "copyrightsans" } F { @Math { copyrightsans } } -@Rowa - A { { 0.92 1.0 } @Scale "trademarksans" } B { @Math { trademarksans } } - C { "summation" } D { @Math { summation } } - E { "parenlefttp" } F { @Math { parenlefttp } } -@Rowa - A { "parenleftex" } B { @Math { parenleftex } } - C { "parenleftbt" } D { @Math { parenleftbt } } - E { "bracketlefttp" } F { @Math { bracketlefttp } } -@Rowa - A { "bracketleftex" } B { @Math { bracketleftex } } - C { "bracketleftbt" } D { @Math { bracketleftbt } } - E { "bracelefttp" } F { @Math { bracelefttp } } -@Rowa - A { "braceleftmid" } B { @Math { braceleftmid } } - C { "braceleftbt" } D { @Math { braceleftbt } } - E { "braceex" } F { @Math { braceex } } -@Rowa - A { "angleright" } B { @Math { angleright } } - C { "integral" } D { @Math { integral } } - E { "integraltp" } F { @Math { integraltp } } -@Rowa - A { "integralex" } B { @Math { integralex } } - C { "integralbt" } D { @Math { integralbt } } - E { "parenrighttp" } F { @Math { parenrighttp } } -@Rowa - A { "parenrightex" } B { @Math { parenrightex } } - C { "parenrightbt" } D { @Math { parenrightbt } } - E { "bracketrighttp" } F { @Math { bracketrighttp } } -@Rowa - A { "bracketrightex" } B { @Math { bracketrightex } } - C { "bracketrightbt" } D { @Math { bracketrightbt } } - E { "bracerighttp" } F { @Math { bracerighttp } } -@Rowa - A { "bracerightmid" } B { @Math { bracerightmid } } - C { "bracerightbt" } D { @Math { bracerightbt } } - mb { 0i } -} -@DP -The symbols that produce the Symbol font characters @Code { theta1 }, -@Code { sigma1 }, @Code { phi1 }, @Code { omega1 }, and @Code { Upsilon1 } -are called @Code { thetaone }, @Code { sigmaone }, @Code { phione }, -@Code { omegaone }, and @Code { Upsilonone }, since Lout symbol names -cannot contain both letters and digits. The second group of ordinary -symbols produces arrows: -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "leftarrow" } B { @Math { leftarrow } } - C { "longleftarrow" } D { @Math { longleftarrow } } - E { "dblleftarrow" } F { @Math { dblleftarrow } } -@Rowa - A { "dbllongleftarrow" } B { @Math { dbllongleftarrow } } - C { "rightarrow" } D { @Math { rightarrow } } - E { "longrightarrow" } F { @Math { longrightarrow } } -@Rowa - A { "dblrightarrow" } B { @Math { dblrightarrow } } - C { "dbllongrightarrow" } D { @Math { dbllongrightarrow } } - E { "leftrightarrow" } F { @Math { leftrightarrow } } -@Rowa - A { "longleftrightarrow" } B { @Math { longleftrightarrow } } - C { "dblleftrightarrow" } D { @Math { dblleftrightarrow } } - E { { 0.85 1.0 } @Scale "dbllongleftrightarrow" } - F { @Math { dbllongleftrightarrow } } -@Rowa - A { "mapsto" } B { @Math { mapsto } } - C { "longmapsto" } D { @Math { longmapsto } } - E { "hookleftarrow" } F { @Math { hookleftarrow } } -@Rowa - A { "hookrightarrow" } B { @Math { hookrightarrow } } - C { "leadsto" } D { @Math { leadsto } } - E { "leftharpoonup" } F { @Math { leftharpoonup } } -@Rowa - A { "rightharpoonup" } B { @Math { rightharpoonup } } - C { "leftharpoondown" } D { @Math { leftharpoondown } } - E { { 0.95 1.0 } @Scale "rightharpoondown" } F { @Math { rightharpoondown } } -@Rowa - A { "rightleftharpoons" } B { @Math { rightleftharpoons } } - C { "uparrow" } D { @Math { uparrow } } - E { "dbluparrow" } F { @Math { dbluparrow } } -@Rowa - A { "downarrow" } B { @Math { downarrow } } - C { "dbldownarrow" } D { @Math { dbldownarrow } } - E { "updownarrow" } F { @Math { updownarrow } } -@Rowa - A { "dblupdownarrow" } B { @Math { dblupdownarrow } } - C { "nearrow" } D { @Math { nearrow } } - E { "searrow" } F { @Math { searrow } } -@Rowa - A { "swarrow" } B { @Math { swarrow } } - C { "nwarrow" } D { @Math { nwarrow } } - mb { 0i } -} -The members of the third group of ordinary symbols stand for themselves, -but in Roman font rather than the Italic which is the default in -mathematics: -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.45vx } - aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} w {@LCodeWidth} @Code A | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "arccos" } B { @Math { arccos } } - C { "arcsin" } D { @Math { arcsin } } - E { "arctan" } F { @Math { arctan } } -@Rowa - A { "arg" } B { @Math { arg } } - C { "cos" } D { @Math { cos } } - E { "cosh" } F { @Math { cosh } } -@Rowa - A { "cot" } B { @Math { cot } } - C { "coth" } D { @Math { coth } } - E { "csc" } F { @Math { csc } } -@Rowa - A { "deg" } B { @Math { deg } } - C { "det" } D { @Math { det } } - E { "dim" } F { @Math { dim } } -@Rowa - A { "exp" } B { @Math { exp } } - C { "gcd" } D { @Math { gcd } } - E { "hom" } F { @Math { hom } } -@Rowa - A { "inf" } B { @Math { inf } } - C { "ker" } D { @Math { ker } } - E { "lg" } F { @Math { lg } } -@Rowa - A { "lim" } B { @Math { lim } } - C { "liminf" } D { @ZeroWidth @Math { liminf } } - E { "limsup" } F { @Math { limsup } } -@Rowa - A { "ln" } B { @Math { ln } } - C { "log" } D { @Math { log } } - E { "max" } F { @Math { max } } -@Rowa - A { "min" } B { @Math { min } } - C { "Pr" } D { @Math { Pr } } - E { "sec" } F { @Math { sec } } -@Rowa - A { "sin" } B { @Math { sin } } - C { "sinh" } D { @Math { sinh } } - E { "supr" } F { @Math { supr } } -@Rowa - A { "tan" } B { @Math { tan } } - C { "tanh" } D { @Math { tanh } } - E { "mod" } F { @Math { mod } } -@Rowa - A { "0" } B { @Math { 0 } } - C { "1" } D { @Math { 1 } } - E { "2" } F { @Math { 2 } } -@Rowa - A { "3" } B { @Math { 3 } } - C { "4" } D { @Math { 4 } } - E { "5" } F { @Math { 5 } } -@Rowa - A { "6" } B { @Math { 6 } } - C { "7" } D { @Math { 7 } } - E { "8" } F { @Math { 8 } } -@Rowa - A { "9" } B { @Math { 9 } } - C { "!" } D { @Math { ! } } - E { "?" } F { @Math { ? } } -@Rowa - A { "%" } B { @Math { % } } - C { "(" } D { @Math { ( } } - E { ")" } F { @Math { ) } } -@Rowa - A { "[" } B { @Math { [ } } - C { "]" } D { @Math { ] } } - mb { 0i } -} -The fourth group make good values for the @Code "atleft" and -@Code "atright" options of @Code { matrix }: -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { right } w {@LCodeWidth} @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell | - @Cell indent { right } @Code C | @Cell D | @Cell | - @Cell indent { right } @Code E | @Cell F | @Cell | - @Cell indent { right } @Code G | @Cell mr { 0i } H } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - strut { 1.2f } - A { "lpar" } B { @Math { lpar } } - C { "rpar" } D { @Math { rpar } } - E { "lbrack" } F { @Math { lbrack } } - G { "rbrack" } H { @Math { rbrack } } -@Rowa - strut { 1.2f } - A { "lbrace" } B { @Math { lbrace } } - C { "rbrace" } D { @Math { rbrace } } - E { "lfloor" } F { @Math { lfloor } } - G { "rfloor" } H { @Math { rfloor } } -@Rowa - strut { 1.2f } - A { "lceil" } B { @Math { lceil } } - C { "rceil" } D { @Math { rceil } } - E { "langle" } F { @Math { langle } } - G { "rangle" } H { @Math { rangle } } -@Rowa - strut { 3.5f } - A { "blpar" } B { @Math { blpar } } - C { "brpar" } D { @Math { brpar } } - E { "blbrack" } F { @Math { blbrack } } - G { "brbrack" } H { @Math { brbrack } } -@Rowa - strut { 3.5f } - A { "blbrace" } B { @Math { blbrace } } - C { "brbrace" } D { @Math { brbrace } } - E { "blfloor" } F { @Math { blfloor } } - G { "brfloor" } H { @Math { brfloor } } -@Rowa - strut { 3.5f } - A { "blceil" } B { @Math { blceil } } - C { "brceil" } D { @Math { brceil } } - E { "blangle" } F { @Math { blangle } } - G { "brangle" } H { @Math { brangle } } - mb { 0i } -} -The last group is miscellaneous: -@DP -@RID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} w {@LCodeWidth} @Code A | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "hbar" } B { @Math { hbar } } - C { "Re" } D { @Math { Re } } - E { "Im" } F { @Math { Im } } -@Rowa - A { "partial" } B { @Math { partial } } - C { "infty" } D { @Math { infty } } - E { "prime" } F { @Math { prime } } -@Rowa - A { "nabla" } B { @Math { nabla } } - C { "surd" } D { @Math { surd } } - E { "top" } F { @Math { top } } -@Rowa - A { "bot" } B { @Math { bot } } - C { "dbar" } D { @Math { dbar } } - E { "triangle" } F { @Math { triangle } } -@Rowa - A { "backslash" } B { @Math { backslash } } - C { "forall" } D { @Math { forall } } - E { "exists" } F { @Math { exists } } -@Rowa - A { "neg" } B { @Math { neg } } - C { "circle" } D { @Math { circle } } - E { "filledcircle" } F { @Math { filledcircle } } -@Rowa - A { "square" } B { @Math { square } } - C { "ldots" } D { @Math { ldots } } - E { "cdots" } F { @Math { cdots } } -@Rowa - A { "vdots" } B { @Math { vdots } } - C { "ddots" } D { @Math { ddots } } - E { "del" } F { @Math { del } } -@Rowa - A { "grad" } B { @Math { grad } } - C { "..." } D { @Math { ... } } - E { ",...," } F { @Math { ,..., } } -@Rowa - A { "'" } B { @Math { ' } } - C { "''" } D { @Math { '' } } - E { "'''" } F { @Math { ''' } } -@Rowa - A { "''''" } B { @Math { '''' } } - C { "empty" } D { @Math { empty } } - E { "triangleup" } F { @Math { triangleup } } -@Rowa - A { "triangledown" } B { @Math { triangledown } } - C { "half" } D { @Math { half } } - E { "third" } F { @Math { third } } - mb { 0i } -} -@End @SubSection - -@SubSection - @Title { Variable-building symbols } -@Begin -@LP -Under this category are symbols that are mainly used to build -mathematics.variablebuilding. @SubIndex { variable-building symbols } -variablebuilding. @Index { variable-building symbols (mathematics) } -variables. However, as usual in Lout, the objects they link -together may in fact be arbitrary. First we have symbols that -place a mark over or under an object: -mathematics.dot. @SubIndex { @Code "dot" symbol } -dot. @Index { @Code "dot" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.dotdot. @SubIndex { @Code "dotdot" symbol } -dotdot. @Index { @Code "dotdot" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.hat. @SubIndex { @Code "hat" symbol } -hat. @Index { @Code "hat" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.tilde. @SubIndex { @Code "tilde" symbol } -tilde. @Index { @Code "tilde" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.vec. @SubIndex { @Code "vec" symbol } -vec. @Index { @Code "vec" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.dyad. @SubIndex { @Code "dyad" symbol } -dyad. @Index { @Code "dyad" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.overbar. @SubIndex { @Code "overbar" symbol } -overbar. @Index { @Code "overbar" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.underbar. @SubIndex { @Code "underbar" symbol } -underbar. @Index { @Code "underbar" symbol (mathematics) } -@ID @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "x dot" } B { @Math { x dot } } - C { "x dotdot" } D { @Math { x dotdot } } - E { "x hat" } F { @Math { x hat } } -@Rowa - A { "x tilde" } B { @Math { x tilde } } - C { "x vec" } D { @Math { x vec } } - E { "x dyad" } F { @Math { x dyad } } -@Rowa - A { "{x + y} overbar" } B { @Math { {x + y} overbar } } - C { "{x + y} underbar" } D { @Math { {x + y} underbar } } - mb { 0i } -} -These marks are centred, with a small skew to allow for italic -slant, except the last two which are extended to the width of -the object. -@PP -The remaining variable-building symbols produce superscripts and -subscripts: -# These differ in appearance depending on the style, -mathematics.sup. @SubIndex { @Code "sup" symbol } -sup. @Index { @Code "sup" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.sub. @SubIndex { @Code "sub" symbol } -sub. @Index { @Code "sub" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.tsub. @SubIndex { @Code "tsub" symbol } -tsub. @Index { @Code "tsub" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.supp. @SubIndex { @Code "supp" symbol } -supp. @Index { @Code "supp" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.on. @SubIndex { @Code "on" symbol } -on. @Index { @Code "on" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.ton. @SubIndex { @Code "ton" symbol } -ton. @Index { @Code "ton" symbol (mathematics) } -so the results are shown in both display and text style: -@ID @Tbl - mv { 0.6vx } - # aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell C | @Cell | - # @Cell indent {right} @Code D | @Cell E | @Cell F | @Cell | - # @Cell indent {right} @Code G | @Cell H | @Cell mr {0i} I } - aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell | - @Cell indent {right} @Code D | @Cell E | @Cell | - @Cell indent {right} @Code G | @Cell mr {0i} H } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "x sup y" } B { @Math { x sup y } } C { @M { x sup y } } - D { "x sub y" } E { @Math { x sub y } } F { @M { x sub y } } - G { "W tsub y" } H { @Math { W tsub y } } I { @M { W tsub y } } -@Rowa - A { "x supp y on z" } B { @Math {x supp y on z } } C { @M {x supp y on z } } - D { "W supp y ton z" } E { @Math {W supp y ton z} } F { @M {W supp y ton z} } - mb { 0i } -} -The @Code "supp" and @Code "on" (or {@Code "ton"}) symbols must be -used together as shown; @Code "tsub" and @Code "ton" are exactly like -@Code "sub" and @Code "on" except that the subscript is tucked in. -@End @SubSection - -@SubSection - @Title { Large operator symbols } -@Begin -@LP -Large operator symbols have @Code "from" and @Code "to" -mathematics.large.operators. @SubIndex { large operators } -large.operators. @Index { large operators (mathematics) } -options which work as described for the @Code "sum" symbol -in Section {@NumberOf mat_comm}. Here they all are, with -their results in both display style and text style: -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.7vx } - strut { 2.5f } - aformat { @Cell ml {0i} indent {right} @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell C | @Cell | - @Cell indent {right} @Code D | @Cell E | @Cell mr {0i} F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "sum from { a } to { b } x" } - B { @Math { sum from { a } to { b } x } } - C { @M { sum from { a } to { b } x } } - D { "prod from { a } to { b } x" } - E { @Math { prod from { a } to { b } x } } - F { @M { prod from { a } to { b } x } } -@Rowa - A { "coprod from { a } to { b } x" } - B { @Math { coprod from { a } to { b } x } } - C { @M { coprod from { a } to { b } x } } - D { "bcap from { a } to { b } x" } - E { @Math { bcap from { a } to { b } x } } - F { @M { bcap from { a } to { b } x } } -@Rowa - A { "bcup from { a } to { b } x" } - B { @Math { bcup from { a } to { b } x } } - C { @M { bcup from { a } to { b } x } } - D { "bvee from { a } to { b } x" } - E { @Math { bvee from { a } to { b } x } } - F { @M { bvee from { a } to { b } x } } -@Rowa - A { "bwedge from { a } to { b } x" } - B { @Math { bwedge from { a } to { b } x } } - C { @M { bwedge from { a } to { b } x } } - D { "bodot from { a } to { b } x" } - E { @Math { bodot from { a } to { b } x } } - F { @M { bodot from { a } to { b } x } } -@Rowa - A { "botimes from { a } to { b } x" } - B { @Math { botimes from { a } to { b } x } } - C { @M { botimes from { a } to { b } x } } - D { "boplus from { a } to { b } x" } - E { @Math { boplus from { a } to { b } x } } - F { @M { boplus from { a } to { b } x } } -@Rowa - A { "buplus from { a } to { b } x" } - B { @Math { buplus from { a } to { b } x } } - C { @M { buplus from { a } to { b } x } } - D { "int from { a } to { b } x" } - E { @Math { int from { a } to { b } x } } - F { @M { int from { a } to { b } x } } -@Rowa - A { "oint from { a } to { b } x" } - B { @Math { oint from { a } to { b } x } } - C { @M { oint from { a } to { b } x } } - mb { 0i } -} -All these symbols also have a @Code "limits" option; when set to -@Code "yes" it causes the limits to be shown above and below the -symbol, when @Code "no" it causes them to be shown as superscripts and -subscripts, and when omitted it defaults to @Code "yes" in display style -and @Code "no" otherwise, except for integrals, where the default is -uniformly @Code "no" as required by mathematical convention. -@PP -The @Code "largeop" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated -mathematics.largeop. @SubIndex { @Code "largeop" symbol } -largeop. @Index { @Code "largeop" symbol (mathematics) } -options which work as described for the @Code "sum" symbol -as a large operator: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { largeop symbol { diamond } from { a } to { b } x } -|10ct -@Math { largeop symbol { diamond } from { a } to { b } x } -} -In addition to {@Code "limits"}, {@Code "from"}, and {@Code "to"} -options, @Code "largeop" has a @Code "symbol" option holding the -object to be made into a large operator. In display style, this -object is enlarged using the @Code "big" helper function. -@End @SubSection - -@SubSection - @Title { Unary operator symbols } -@Begin -@LP -This category mainly contains symbols that take one object on the right -mathematics.unaryoperator. @SubIndex { unary operators } -unaryoperator. @Index { unary operators (mathematics) } -and transform it. -@IL - -@LI { -@Code "sqrt {x over y}" -|7ct -@Math { sqrt {x over y} } -mathematics.sqrt. @SubIndex { @Code "sqrt" symbol } -sqrt. @Index { @Code "sqrt" symbol (mathematics) } -} - -@LI { -@Code "3 root {x over y}" -|7ct -@Math { 3 root {x over y} } -mathematics.root @SubIndex { @Code "root" symbol } -root.mathematics @Index { @Code "root" symbol (mathematics) } -} - -@LI { -@Code @Verbatim { matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { x } } -|7ct @Math { matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { x } } -} - -@EL -As usual, any object may appear to the left of {@Code "root"}. -The @Code "matrix" symbol produces matrices, as explained in -detail in Section {@NumberOf matrices}. Its following object -must be enclosed in braces. -@PP -There are symbols which produce `matrices' with commonly needed -@Code atleft and @Code atright options already set for you. Here are -these symbols, on the left, with the equivalent @Code matrix symbol -and, on the right, the result produced: -@ID @Tbl - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @Code A | @Cell | @Cell @Code B | - @Cell | @Cell mr { 0i } C } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "pmatrix { M }" } - B { "matrix atleft { ( } atright { ) } { M }" } - C { @Math { pmatrix { M } } -mathematics.pmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "pmatrix" symbol } -pmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "pmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } -} -@Rowa - A { "bmatrix { M }" } - B { "matrix atleft { blbrack } atright { brbrack } { M }" } - C { @Math { bmatrix { M } } -mathematics.bmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "bmatrix" symbol } -bmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "bmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } -} -@Rowa - A { "brmatrix { M }" } - B { "matrix atleft { blbrace } atright { brbrace } { M }" } - C { @Math { brmatrix { M } } -mathematics.brmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "brmatrix" symbol } -brmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "brmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } -} -@Rowa - A { "fmatrix { M }" } - B { "matrix atleft { blfloor } atright { brfloor } { M }" } - C { @Math { fmatrix { M } } -mathematics.fmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "fmatrix" symbol } -fmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "fmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } -} -@Rowa - A { "cmatrix { M }" } - B { "matrix atleft { blceil } atright { brceil } { M }" } - C { @Math { cmatrix { M } } -mathematics.cmatrix @SubIndex { @Code "cmatrix" symbol } -cmatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "cmatrix" symbol (mathematics) } -} -@Rowa - A { "amatrix { M }" } - B { "matrix atleft { blangle } atright { brangle } { M }" } - C { @Math { amatrix { M } } -mathematics.amatrix @SubIndex { @Code "amatrix" symbol } -amatrix.mathematics @Index { @Code "amatrix" symbol (mathematics) } -} - mb { 0i } -} -These are very useful for getting large scaled delimiters around things -that aren't necessarily matrices at all. -@End @SubSection - -@SubSection - @Title { Binary operator symbols } -@Begin -@LP -The symbols in this category take an object on the left and on -mathematics.binary.operators. @SubIndex { binary operators } -binary.operators. @Index { binary operators (mathematics) } -the right. The first two produce built-up fractions: -mathematics.over. @SubIndex { @Code "over" symbol } -over. @Index { @Code "over" symbol (mathematics) } -mathematics.frac @SubIndex { @Code "frac" symbol } -frac.mathematics @Index { @Code "frac" symbol (mathematics) } -@ID @Tbl - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { right } @Code A | @Cell B | @Cell | - @Cell indent { right } @Code C | @Cell mr { 0i } D } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "x over y" } B { @Math { x over y } } - C { "x frac y" } D { @Math { x frac y } } - mb { 0i } -} -The remaining binary operator symbols print the objects to the -left and right separated by the operator with a medium-width -space on each side. Most have precedence 80, but a few (those -representing multiplication and division operations) have higher -precedence in accordance with mathematical convention. Here is -the full list of these operators: -@ID @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "x + y" } B { @Math { x + y } } - C { "x - y" } D { @Math { x - y } } - E { "x +- y" } F { @Math { x +- y } } -@Rowa - A { "x -+ y" } B { @Math { x -+ y } } - C { "x setminus y" } D { @Math { x setminus y } } - E { "x cdot y" } F { @Math { x cdot y } } -@Rowa - A { "x times y" } B { @Math { x times y } } - C { "x * y" } D { @Math { x * y } } - E { "x circ y" } F { @Math { x circ y } } -@Rowa - A { "x div y" } B { @Math { x div y } } - C { "x cap y" } D { @Math { x cap y } } - E { "x cup y" } F { @Math { x cup y } } -@Rowa - A { "x uplus y" } B { @Math { x uplus y } } - C { "x sqcap y" } D { @Math { x sqcap y } } - E { "x sqcup y" } F { @Math { x sqcup y } } -@Rowa - A { "x triangleleft y" } B { @Math { x triangleleft y } } - C { "x triangleright y" } D { @Math { x triangleright y } } - E { "x wr y" } F { @Math { x wr y } } -@Rowa - A { "x bigcirc y" } B { @Math { x bigcirc y } } - C { "x bigtriangleup y" } D { @Math { x bigtriangleup y } } - E { { 0.85 1.0 } @Scale "x bigtriangledown y" } - F { @Math { x bigtriangledown y } } -@Rowa - A { "x vee y" } B { @Math { x vee y } } - C { "x wedge y" } D { @Math { x wedge y } } - E { "x oplus y" } F { @Math { x oplus y } } -@Rowa - A { "x ominus y" } B { @Math { x ominus y } } - C { "x otimes y" } D { @Math { x otimes y } } - E { "x oslash y" } F { @Math { x oslash y } } -@Rowa - A { "x odot y" } B { @Math { x odot y } } - C { "x dagger y" } D { @Math { x dagger y } } - E { "x daggerdbl y" } F { @Math { x daggerdbl y } } -@Rowa - A { "x amalg y" } B { @Math { x amalg y } } - mb { 0i } -} -The @Code "bin" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated -mathematics.bin @SubIndex { @Code "bin" symbol } -bin.mathematics @Index { @Code "bin" symbol (mathematics) } -as a binary operator: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { x bin op { diamond } y } -|7ct -@Math { x bin op { diamond } y } -} -The @Code "op" option following @Code "bin" contains the object -to be treated as a binary operator; its two parameters precede -and follow @Code "bin" as usual. -@End @SubSection - -@SubSection - @Title { Relation symbols } -@Begin -@LP -These symbols represent relations. They take an object on -mathematics.relation. @SubIndex { relation symbols } -relation.symbols. @Index { relation symbols (mathematics) } -the left and on the right, and print them separated by the -relation symbol, with a slightly wider space on each side than -is used for binary operators. They have lower precedence than -binary operators, in accordance with mathematical convention. Here -is the full list of these relations: -@ID @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "x < y" } B { @Math { x < y } } - C { "x > y" } D { @Math { x > y } } - E { "x = y" } F { @Math { x = y } } -@Rowa - A { "x <= y" } B { @Math { x <= y } } - C { "x prec y" } D { @Math { x prec y } } - E { "x preceq y" } F { @Math { x preceq y } } -@Rowa - A { "x << y" } B { @Math { x << y } } - C { "x subset y" } D { @Math { x subset y } } - E { "x subseteq y" } F { @Math { x subseteq y } } -@Rowa - A { "x sqsubseteq y" } B { @Math { x sqsubseteq y } } - C { "x in y" } D { @Math { x in y } } - E { "x vdash y" } F { @Math { x vdash y } } -@Rowa - A { "x smile y" } B { @Math { x smile y } } - C { "x frown y" } D { @Math { x frown y } } - E { "x >= y" } F { @Math { x >= y } } -@Rowa - A { "x succ y" } B { @Math { x succ y } } - C { "x succeq y" } D { @Math { x succeq y } } - E { "x >> y" } F { @Math { x >> y } } -@Rowa - A { "x supset y" } B { @Math { x supset y } } - C { "x supseteq y" } D { @Math { x supseteq y } } - E { "x sqsupseteq y" } F { @Math { x sqsupseteq y } } -@Rowa - A { "x ni y" } B { @Math { x ni y } } - C { "x dashv y" } D { @Math { x dashv y } } - E { "x mid y" } F { @Math { x mid y } } -@Rowa - A { "x parallel y" } B { @Math { x parallel y } } - C { "x == y" } D { @Math { x == y } } - E { "x ~ y" } F { @Math { x ~ y } } -@Rowa - A { "x -~ y" } B { @Math { x -~ y } } - C { "x asymp y" } D { @Math { x asymp y } } - E { "x ~~ y" } F { @Math { x ~~ y } } -@Rowa - A { "x =~ y" } B { @Math { x =~ y } } - C { "x bowtie y" } D { @Math { x bowtie y } } - E { "x propto y" } F { @Math { x propto y } } -@Rowa - A { "x models y" } B { @Math { x models y } } - C { "x trieq y" } D { @Math { x trieq y } } - E { "x doteq y" } F { @Math { x doteq y } } -@Rowa - A { "x perp y" } B { @Math { x perp y } } - C { "x notsub y" } D { @Math { x notsub y } } - E { "x notin y" } F { @Math { x notin y } } -@Rowa - A { "x != y" } B { @Math { x != y } } - C { "x <-> y" } D { @Math { x <-> y } } - E { "x <-- y" } F { @Math { x <-- y } } -@Rowa - A { "x --> y" } B { @Math { x --> y } } - C { "x up y" } D { @Math { x up y } } - E { "x down y" } F { @Math { x down y } } -@Rowa - A { "x <=> y" } B { @Math { x <=> y } } - C { "x <== y" } D { @Math { x <== y } } - E { "x ==> y" } F { @Math { x ==> y } } -@Rowa - A { "x dblup y" } B { @Math { x dblup y } } - C { "x dbldown y" } D { @Math { x dbldown y } } - E { "x : y" } F { @Math { x : y } } -@Rowa - A { "x :: y" } B { @Math { x :: y } } - C { "x := y" } D { @Math { x := y } } - mb { 0i } -} -All of these symbols have a @Code "neg" option which, when set -to {@Code "yes"}, causes a slash to overstrike the relation -symbol: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { x ==> neg { yes } y } -|7ct -@Math { x ==> neg { yes } y } -} -The slash is horizontally centred over the relation symbol, -which is not always best. -@PP -The @Code "rel" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated -mathematics.rel @SubIndex { @Code "rel" symbol } -rel.mathematics @Index { @Code "rel" symbol (mathematics) } -as a relation: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { x rel op { diamond } y } -|7ct -@Math { x rel op { diamond } y } -} -The @Code "op" option following @Code "rel" contains the object -to be treated as a relation; @Code "rel" also has the @Code "neg" -option, plus the left and right parameters as usual. -@End @SubSection - -@SubSection - @Title { Punctuation symbols } -@Begin -@LP -These symbols represent punctuation. They take an object on -mathematics.punctuation. @SubIndex { punctuation symbols } -punctuation.mathematics @Index { punctuation symbols (mathematics) } -the left and on the right, and print them separated by the -punctuation symbol, with no space to the left and a thin -space to the right. Here is the full list of these symbols: -@ID @Tbl - aformat { @Cell ml{0i} indent{right} w{@LCodeWidth} @Code A | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} B | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code C | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} D | - @Cell indent {right} w {@CodeWidth} @Code E | - @Cell w {@ResultWidth} mr { 0i } F } -{ -@Rowa - ma { 0i } - A { "x ; y" } B { @Math { x ; y } } - C { "x , y" } D { @Math { x , y } } - E { "x col y" } F { @Math { x col y } } - mb { 0i } -} -The @Code "punct" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated -mathematics.punct @SubIndex { @Code "punct" symbol } -punct.mathematics @Index { @Code "punct" symbol (mathematics) } -as punctuation: -@ID { -@Code @Verbatim { x punct symbol { diamond } y } -|7ct -@Math { x punct symbol { diamond } y } -} -The @Code "symbol" option following @Code "punct" contains the object -to be treated as punctuation; its two parameters precede and follow -@Code "punct" as usual. -@End @SubSection - -@EndSubSections -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mybook b/doc/doc/user/mybook deleted file mode 100644 index e17cb7a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mybook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,540 +0,0 @@ -############################################################################### -# # -# Lout setup file for books # -# # -# Jeffrey H. Kingston # -# # -############################################################################### - - -############################################################################### -# # -# @SysInclude commands for standard packages. # -# # -############################################################################### - - @SysInclude { langdefs } # language definitions - @SysInclude { bsf } # BasicSetup package - @SysInclude { dsf } # DocumentSetup package - @SysInclude { bookf } # BookSetup extension - - -############################################################################### -# # -# @Include command for reading personal definitions from current directory. # -# # -############################################################################### - - @Include { mydefs } - -############################################################################### -# # -# The @BasicSetup @Use clause - basics, lists, paragraphs, displays. # -# # -# To change the default value of any option, delete the # at the start of # -# its line and change the value between braces. # -# # -############################################################################### - -@Use { @BasicSetup - # @InitialFont { Times Base 12p } # initial font - # @InitialBreak {{adjust 1.2fx hyphen} @OrIfPlain {ragged 1fx nohyphen}} - # @InitialOutdent { 2f @OrIfPlain 4s } # initial outdent - # @InitialSpace { lout } # initial space style - # @InitialLanguage { English } # initial language - # @InitialColour { black } # initial colour - # @InitialBackgroundColour { white } # initial background colour - # @OptimizePages { No } # optimize page breaks? - # @HeadingFont { Bold } # font for @Heading - # @FixedWidthFont { Courier Base -1p } # font for @F - # @ParaGap { 1.3vx @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between paragraphs - # @ParaIndent { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # first-line indent for @PP - # @DisplayGap { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap above, below displays - # @DisplayIndent { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # @IndentedDisplay indent - # @DefaultIndent { 0.5rt } # @Display indent - # @DisplayNumStyle { (num) } # style of display numbers - # @WideIndent { 4.00f @OrIfPlain 10s } # @WideTaggedList indent - # @VeryWideIndent { 8.00f @OrIfPlain 20s } # @VeryWideTaggedList indent - # @ListOuterGap { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap before, after lists - # @ListGap { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between list items - # @ListIndent { 0s } # indent of list items - # @ListRightIndent { 0s } # right indent of list items - # @ListLabelWidth { 2.00f @OrIfPlain 5s } # width allowed for list tags - # @ListLabelRight { No } # right-adjust list labels - # @ListLabelRightGap { 2s } # gap when right-adjusting - # @ListFont { } # font of list items - # @ListBreak { } # break style of list items - # @NumberSeparator { . } # separates nums like 2.3.7 - # @CrossLinkFormat { @Body } # format of cross links - # @ExternalLinkFormat { @Body } # format of external links -} - - -############################################################################### -# # -# The @DocumentSetup @Use clause - page layout plus figures, tables, etc. # -# # -# To change the default value of any option, delete the # at the start of # -# its line and change the value between braces. # -# # -############################################################################### - -@Use { @DocumentSetup - # @PageType { A4 @OrIfPlain Other} # page type (width, height) - # @PageWidth { 80s } # page width if type Other - # @PageHeight { 66f } # page height if type Other - # @PageOrientation { Portrait } # Portrait, Landscape, etc. - # @PageBackground { } # background of each page - # @TopMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 6f } # top margin of all pages - # @FootMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 6f } # bottom margin of all pages - # @OddLeftMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # left margin of odd pages - # @OddRightMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # right margin of odd pages - # @EvenLeftMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # left margin of even pages - # @EvenRightMargin { 2.5c @OrIfPlain 10s } # right margin of even pages - # @OddLeftBodyMargin { 0c } # extra margin for page body - # @OddRightBodyMargin { 0c } # extra margin for page body - # @EvenLeftBodyMargin { 0c } # extra margin for page body - # @EvenRightBodyMargin{ 0c } # extra margin for page body - # @PageBoxType { None } # None Box CurveBox ShadowBox - # @PageBoxMargin { 1.00c } # page box margin - # @PageBoxLineWidth { } # page box line thickness - # @PageBoxPaint { none } # page box paint - # @PageBoxShadow { 0.60c } # shadow margin if ShadowBox - # @PageEnclose { @Body } # enclose every page in this - # @ColumnNumber { 1 } # number of columns (1 to 10) - # @ColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # column gap - - # @FigureLocation { PageTop } # default figure location - # @FigureFormat { @CC @Body } # default figure format - # @FigureWord { figure } # "Figure" word else anything - # @FigureNumbers { Arabic } # method of numbering figures - # @FigureCaptionPos { Below } # Above or Below - # @FigureCaptionFont { -2p } # figure caption font - # @FigureCaptionBreak { adjust hyphen 1.2fx } # figure caption break - # @FigureCaptionFormat{ {@B { word @NumSep number. &2s }} @Insert caption } - # @MakeFigureContents { No } # list of figures at start - - # @TableLocation { PageTop } # default table location - # @TableFormat { @CC @Body } # default table format - # @TableWord { table } # "Table" word else anything - # @TableNumbers { Arabic } # method of numbering tables - # @TableCaptionPos { Below } # Above or Below - # @TableCaptionFont { -2p } # table caption font - # @TableCaptionBreak { adjust hyphen 1.2fx } # table caption break - # @TableCaptionFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number. &2s }} @Insert caption } - # @MakeTableContents { No } # list of tables at start - - # @FloaterLocation { PageTop } # default floater location - # @FloaterFormat { @CC @Body } # default floater format - # @FloaterWord { floater } # "Floater" word else anything - # @FloaterNumbers { Arabic } # method of numbering floaters - # @FloaterCaptionPos { Below } # Above or Below - # @FloaterCaptionFont { -2p } # floater caption font - # @FloaterCaptionBreak{ adjust hyphen 1.2fx } # floater caption break - # @FloaterCaptionFormat{ {@B { word @NumSep number. &2s }} @Insert caption } - # @MakeFloaterContents{ No } # list of floaters at start - - # @MakeContents { No } # make contents? Yes or No - @MakeContents { Yes } # make contents? Yes or No - # @ContentsGap { 0.20v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap above minor entry - # @ContentsGapAbove { 0.80v @OrIfPlain 1f } # extra gap above major entry - # @ContentsGapBelow { 0.00v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap below major entry - # @ContentsFont { Bold } # font for major entry - # @ContentsPartGapAbove { 1.00v @OrIfPlain 1f } # extra gap above `part' entry - # @ContentsPartGapBelow { 0.00v @OrIfPlain 0f } # extra gap below `part' entry - # @ContentsFormat { number @DotSep title } # contents entry format - # @ContentsLeader { .. } # leader symbol in contents - # @ContentsLeaderGap { 4s @OrIfPlain 2s } # gap between leaders - # @ContentsRightWidth { 3f @OrIfPlain 6s } # page numbers column width - - # @MakeReferences { Yes } # make references? Yes or No - # @RefCiteStyle { [cite] } # citation style - # @RefCiteLabels { @RefNum } # citation items - # @RefNumbers { Arabic } # reference numbers - # @RefListFormat { Labels } # NoLabels, Labels, etc. - # @RefListLabels { [@RefNum] } # ref list label format - # @RefListTitle { references } # title of reference list - # @ChapRefListTitle { references } # title of chapter ref list - # @RefListIndent { 0s } # indent to left of labels - # @RefListRightIndent { 0s } # indent to right of items - # @RefListGap { @ListGap } # gap between ref list items - # @RefListFont { } # font used in reference list - # @RefListBreak { } # break style of ref list - # @RefListLabelWidth { @ListLabelWidth } # Labels column width - # @RefListSortKey { @Tag } # sorting key - - # @MakeGlossary { No } # make glossary? Yes or No - # @GlossaryText { @Null } # glossary initial text - # @GlossaryFont { } # glossary entries font - # @GlossaryBreak { } # glossary entries break - # @GlossaryFormat { +3p @Font @S @Name # glossary entries format - # @Right @I { @Word&&page @PageNum } - # @DP @RawIndentedDisplay @Body } - # @GlossaryGap { @DisplayGap } # gap between glossary entries - # @GlossaryColumnNumber{ 2 } # glossary columns (1 to 10) - # @GlossaryColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # glossary column gap - # @InGlossaryFont { smallcaps } # font for @InGlossary - # @InGlossaryFormat { @Body } # format for @InGlossary - - # @MakeIndex { No } # make index? Yes or No - # @MakeIndex { No } # make index? Yes or No - @MakeIndex { Yes } # make index? Yes or No - # @IndexText { @Null } # index initial text - # @IndexFont { } # index entries font - # @IndexBreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break - # @IndexFormat { @Body } # @Index format - # @SubIndexFormat { {1f @Wide}@Body } # @SubIndex format - # @SubSubIndexFormat { {2f @Wide}@Body } # @SubSubIndex format - # @IndexTypeOrdinary { @PageNum } # Ordinary pagenum format - # @IndexTypeMain { @B @PageNum } # Main pagenum format - # @IndexTypeSpecial { @I @PageNum } # Special pagenum format - # @IndexRangeFormat { @From--@To } # index page range format - # @IndexColumnNumber { 2 } # index columns (1 to 10) - # @IndexColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index column gap - # @IndexCtd { Yes } # include (ctd.) lines - # @IndexCtdWord { continued } # "ctd." in current lang. - # @IndexCtdFormat { @Body @I (@CtdWord) } # format of ctd. - # @IndexSpacerAbove { 2v } # space above index spacer - # @IndexSpacerBelow { 1v } # space below index spacer - # @IndexSpacerFont { +3p } # font of index spacer - # @IndexSpacerFormat { @Body } # format of index spacer - - # @MakeIndexA { No } # make index A? Yes or No - # @IndexAText { @Null } # index A initial text - # @IndexAFont { } # index A entries font - # @IndexABreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break - # @IndexAFormat { @Body } # @IndexA format - # @SubIndexAFormat { {1f @Wide}@Body } # @SubIndexA format - # @SubSubIndexAFormat { {2f @Wide}@Body } # @SubSubIndexA format - # @IndexATypeOrdinary { @PageNum } # Ordinary pagenum format - # @IndexATypeMain { @B @PageNum } # Main pagenum format - # @IndexATypeSpecial { @I @PageNum } # Special pagenum format - # @IndexARangeFormat { @From--@To } # index page range format - # @IndexAColumnNumber { 2 } # index A columns (1 to 10) - # @IndexAColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index A column gap - # @IndexACtd { Yes } # include (ctd.) lines - # @IndexACtdWord { continued } # "ctd." in current lang. - # @IndexACtdFormat { @Body @I (@CtdWord) } # format of ctd. - # @IndexASpacerAbove { 2v } # space above index A spacer - # @IndexASpacerBelow { 1v } # space below index A spacer - # @IndexASpacerFont { +3p } # font of index A spacer - # @IndexASpacerFormat { @Body } # format of index A spacer - - # @MakeIndexB { No } # make index B? Yes or No - # @IndexBText { @Null } # index B initial text - # @IndexBFont { } # index B entries font - # @IndexBBreak { {oragged 1.2fx} @OrIfPlain {oragged 1fx} } # and break - # @IndexBFormat { @Body } # @IndexB format - # @SubIndexBFormat { {1f @Wide}@Body } # @SubIndexB format - # @SubSubIndexBFormat { {2f @Wide}@Body } # @SubSubIndexB format - # @IndexBTypeOrdinary { @PageNum } # Ordinary pagenum format - # @IndexBTypeMain { @B @PageNum } # Main pagenum format - # @IndexBTypeSpecial { @I @PageNum } # Special pagenum format - # @IndexBRangeFormat { @From--@To } # index page range format - # @IndexBColumnNumber { 2 } # index B columns (1 to 10) - # @IndexBColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # index B column gap - # @IndexBCtd { Yes } # include (ctd.) lines - # @IndexBCtdWord { continued } # "ctd." in current lang. - # @IndexBCtdFormat { @Body @I (@CtdWord) } # format of ctd. - # @IndexBSpacerAbove { 2v } # space above index B spacer - # @IndexBSpacerBelow { 1v } # space below index B spacer - # @IndexBSpacerFont { +3p } # font of index B spacer - # @IndexBSpacerFormat { @Body } # format of index B spacer - - # @MakeColophon { No } # make colophon? Yes or No - # @ColophonFont { } # font for colophon - # @ColophonBreak { } # break style for colophon - # @ColophonColumnNumber { 1 } # colophon columns (1 to 10) - # @ColophonColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } # colophon column gap - - # @TopGap { 0.75c @OrIfPlain 2f } # gap between figures - # @MidGap { 0.75c @OrIfPlain 2f } # gap above/below body text - - # @FootNoteNumbers { Arabic } # footnote numbers - # @FootNoteThrough { No } # numbered through chapter? - # @FootNoteLocation { ColFoot } # where the footnote appears - # @FootNoteFont { 0.80f } # font for footnotes - # @FootNoteBreak { 1.2fx @OrIfPlain 1fx } # break for footnotes - # @FootNoteFormat { { number &0.05f } @Insert body } # footnote format - # @FootLen { 2.00c @OrIfPlain 10s } # length of footnote line - # @FootAboveGap { @DisplayGap } # gap above footnote line - # @FootGap { 0.20c @OrIfPlain 1fx } # gap between footnotes - # @MarginNoteFont { 0.80f } # font of margin notes - # @MarginNoteBreak { ragged 1.10fx } # break style of margin notes - # @MarginNoteHGap { 0.5c } # horizontal gap to notes - # @MarginNoteVGap { @DisplayGap } # min vertical gap between - # @MarginNoteWidth { 1.50c } # width of margin notes - # @EndNoteNumbers { Arabic } # endnote numbers - # @EndNoteFont { 0.80f } # font of endnotes - # @EndNoteBreak { 1.2fx @OrIfPlain 1fx } # break for endnotes - # @EndNoteFormat { { number &0.05f } @Insert body } # endnote format - # @EndNoteGap { 0.20c @OrIfPlain 1f } # gap between endnotes - - # @TheoremWord { theorem } # "Theorem" word, etc. - # @TheoremTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present - # @TheoremFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } - # @DefinitionWord { definition } # "Definition" word, etc. - # @DefinitionTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present - # @DefinitionFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } - # @ClaimWord { claim } # "Claim" word, etc. - # @ClaimTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present - # @ClaimFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } - # @PropositionWord { proposition } # "Proposition" word, etc. - # @PropositionTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present - # @PropositionFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } - # @LemmaWord { lemma } # "Lemma" word, etc. - # @LemmaTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present - # @LemmaFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } - # @CorollaryWord { corollary } # "Corollary" word, etc. - # @CorollaryTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present - # @CorollaryFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } - # @ExampleWord { example } # "Example" word, etc. - # @ExampleTitleFormat { (title) } # only if title present - # @ExampleFormat { {@B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s} @Insert body } - # @ProofWord { proof } # "Proof" word, etc. - - # @PageHeaders { Simple } # None Simple Titles NoTitles - @PageHeaders { Titles } # None Simple Titles NoTitles - # @PageNumbers { Arabic } # page numbers - # @FirstPageNumber { 1 } # number of first page - # @IntroPageNumbers { Roman } # intro page numbers - # @IntroFirstPageNumber{ 1 } # number of first intro page - # @StructPageNums { No } # make structured page numbers - # @PageNumberFormat { number } # format of all page numbers - - # @OddTop { @Centre{- @PageNum -} } # Simple page headers - # @OddFoot { @Null } - # @EvenTop { @Centre{- @PageNum -} } - # @EvenFoot { @Null } - # @StartOddTop { @Null } - # @StartOddFoot { @Null } - # @StartEvenTop { @Null } - # @StartEvenFoot { @Null } - # @IntroOddTop { @Null } - # @IntroOddFoot { @Centre @PageNum } - # @IntroEvenTop { @Null } - # @IntroEvenFoot { @Centre @PageNum } - # @IntroStartOddTop { @Null } - # @IntroStartOddFoot { @Null } - # @IntroStartEvenTop { @Null } - # @IntroStartEvenFoot { @Null } - - # Titles, NoTitles headers - # @RunningOddTop { @I {@MinorNum @DotSep @MinorTitle} @Right @B @PageNum } - # @RunningOddFoot { @Null } - # @RunningEvenTop { @B @PageNum @Right @I {@MajorNum @DotSep @MajorTitle} } - # @RunningEvenFoot { @Null } - # @RunningStartOddTop { @Null } - # @RunningStartOddFoot { @Centre { Bold 0.8f } @Font @PageNum } - # @RunningStartEvenTop { @Null } - # @RunningStartEvenFoot { @Centre { Bold 0.8f } @Font @PageNum } - # @RunningIntroOddTop { @Null } - # @RunningIntroOddFoot { @Right @PageNum } - # @RunningIntroEvenTop { @Null } - # @RunningIntroEvenFoot { @PageNum } - # @RunningIntroStartOddTop { @Null } - # @RunningIntroStartOddFoot { @Null } - # @RunningIntroStartEvenTop { @Null } - # @RunningIntroStartEvenFoot { @Null } -} - - -############################################################################### -# # -# The @BookSetup @Use clause - options specific to books. # -# # -############################################################################### - -@Use { @BookSetup - # @TitlePageFont { Helvetica Base} # title page font (not size) - # @SeparateIntroNumbering { Yes } # separate intro page numbers - # @PrefaceAfterContents { No } # Yes or No - # @ChapterStartPages { Any } # Any, Odd, Even, SamePage - # @ReferencesBeforeAppendices { No } # references before appendices - # @PrefaceWord { preface } # word for "Preface" - # @ContentsWord { contents } # word for "Contents" - # @FigureListWord { figurelist } # word for "List of Figures" - # @TableListWord { tablelist } # word for "List of Tables" - # @FloaterListWord { floaterlist } # word for "List of Floaters" - # @IntroductionWord { introduction } # word for "Introduction" - # @AbbreviationsWord { abbreviations } # word for "Abbreviations" - # @ChapterWord { chapter } # word for "Chapter" - # @AppendixWord { appendix } # word for "Appendix" - # @GlossaryWord { glossary } # word for "Glossary" - # @IndexWord { index } # word for "Index" - # @IndexAWord { index } # word for "Index" (A) - # @IndexBWord { index } # word for "Index" (B) - # @ColophonWord { colophon } # word for "Colophon" - # @SubPrefaceNumbers { None } # kind of sub-preface numbers - # @FirstSubPrefaceNumber { 1 } # first sub-preface number (Arabic) - # @SubIntroductionNumbers { None } # kind of sub-introduction numbers - # @FirstSubIntroductionNumber { 1 } # first sub-introduction number - # @ChapterNumbers { Arabic } # kind of chapter numbers - # @FirstChapterNumber { 1 } # first chapter number (Arabic) - # @SectionNumbers { Arabic } # kind of section numbers - # @FirstSectionNumber { 1 } # first section number (Arabic) - # @SubSectionNumbers { Arabic } # kind of subsection numbers - # @FirstSubSectionNumber { 1 } # first subsect number (Arabic) - # @SubSubSectionNumbers { Arabic } # kind of sub-subs. numbers - # @FirstSubSubSectionNumber { 1 } # first sub-sub number (Arabic) - # @AppendixNumbers { UCAlpha } # kind of appendix numbers - # @FirstAppendixNumber { 1 } # first appendix num (Arabic) - # @SubAppendixNumbers { Arabic } # kind of subappendix numbers - # @FirstSubAppendixNumber { 1 } # first sub-app num (Arabic) - # @SubSubAppendixNumbers { Arabic } # kind of sub-subapp. numbers - # @FirstSubSubAppendixNumber { 1 } # first sub-sub num (Arabic) - # @PartHeadingFont { Helvetica Base 2.50f } # part head font - # @PartHeadingBreak { clines 1.2fx nohyphen } # part head break - # @PartHeadingFormat { @CD number @DP @CD title } # part head format - # @ChapterHeadingFont { Bold 2.00f } # chapter head font - # @ChapterHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # chapter head break - # @ChapterHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # format of chap. head - # @SubPrefaceHeadingFont { Bold } # sub-preface head font - # @SubPrefaceHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # sub-preface head break - # @SubPrefaceHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # format of s.-p. head - # @SubIntroductionHeadingFont { Bold } # sub-intro head font - # @SubIntroductionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen} # sub-intro head break - # @SubIntroductionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title} # format of sub-intro. hd - # @SectionHeadingFont { Bold } # section head font - # @SectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # section head break - # @SectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # section head fmt - # @SubSectionHeadingFont { Bold } # subs. head font - # @SubSectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # subs. head break - # @SubSectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # subs. head fmt - # @SubSubSectionHeadingFont { Slope } # sub-subs. head font - # @SubSubSectionHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # sub-subs. head break - # @SubSubSectionHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # sub-subs. head fmt - # @AppendixHeadingFont { Bold 2.00f } # appendix head font - # @AppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # appendix head break - # @AppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # appendix head fmt - # @SubAppendixHeadingFont { Bold } # subapp. head font - # @SubAppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # subapp. head break - # @SubAppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title } # subapp. head fmt - # @SubSubAppendixHeadingFont { Slope } # sub-suba. head font - # @SubSubAppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen } # sub-suba. head break - # @SubSubAppendixHeadingFormat{ number @DotSep title } # sub-suba. head fmt - # @AbovePartGap { 4.00f } # gap above part title - # @AboveChapterGap { 3.00f } # above major titles - # @SubPrefaceGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between sub-prefaces - # @SubIntroductionGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between sub-intros - # @SectionGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between sections - # @SubSectionGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between subsects - # @SubSubSectionGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between sub-subs. - # @SubAppendixGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 3f } # between subappendices - # @SubSubAppendixGap { 1.5v @OrIfPlain 2f } # between sub-subapps - # @PrefaceInContents { Yes } # add preface to contents - # @SubPrefaceInContents { No } # add sub-preface to contents - # @AbbreviationsInContents { Yes } # add abbreviations to contents - # @IntroductionInContents { Yes } # add introduction to contents - # @SubIntroductionInContents { No } # add sub-intro to contents - # @PartInContents { Yes } # add parts to contents - # @ChapterInContents { Yes } # add chapters to contents - # @SectionInContents { Yes } # add sections to contents - @SubSectionInContents { No } # add subsections to contents - # @SubSubSectionInContents { No } # add sub-subsects to contents - # @AppendixInContents { Yes } # add appendices to contents - # @SubAppendixInContents { Yes } # add subappendices to contents - # @SubSubAppendixInContents { No } # add sub-subapps to contents - # @ReferencesInContents { Yes } # add ref. section to contents - # @GlossaryInContents { Yes } # add glossary to contents - # @IndexInContents { Yes } # add index to contents - # @IndexAInContents { Yes } # add index A to contents - # @IndexBInContents { Yes } # add index B to contents - # @ColophonInContents { Yes } # add colophon to contents - # @PrefaceContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of preface - # @SubPrefaceContentsIndent { 3f } # indent in contents of sub-preface - # @AbbreviationsContentsIndent{ 0f } # indent in contents of abbreviations - # @IntroductionContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of introduction - # @SubIntroductionContentsIndent { 3f } # indent in contents of sub-intro - # @PartContentsIndent { 0.5rt } # indent in contents of part (dft is ctr) - # @ChapterContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of chapter - # @SectionContentsIndent { 3f } # indent in contents of section - # @SubSectionContentsIndent { 6f } # indent in contents of subsection - # @SubSubSectionContentsIndent{ 9f } # indent in contents of sub-subsection - # @AppendixContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of appendix - # @SubAppendixContentsIndent { 3f } # indent in contents of sub-appendix - # @SubSubAppendixContentsIndent { 6f } # indent in contents of sub-subappendix - # @ReferencesContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of references - # @GlossaryContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of gloassary - # @IndexContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of index - # @IndexAContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of index A - # @IndexBContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of index B - # @ColophonContentsIndent { 0f } # indent in contents of colophon - # @SubPrefaceNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-preface num - # @SubIntroductionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-intro num - # @ChapterNumInTheorems { Yes } # theorem num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInTheorems { Yes } # theorem num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInTheorems { No } # theorem num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInTheorems{ No } # theorem num has sub-sa. num - # @SubPrefaceNumInDisplays { No } # display num has sub-preface num - # @SubIntroductionNumInDisplays { No } # display num has sub-intro num - # @ChapterNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInDisplays { No } # display num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInDisplays { No } # display num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInDisplays { Yes } # display num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInDisplays{ No } # display num has sub-sa. num - # @SubPrefaceNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-preface num - # @SubIntroductionumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-intro num - # @ChapterNumInFigures { Yes } # figure num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInFigures { Yes } # figure num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInFigures { No } # figure num has sub-sa. num - # @SubPrefaceNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-preface num - # @SubIntroductionumInTables { No } # table num has sub-intro num - # @ChapterNumInTables { Yes } # table num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInTables { No } # table num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInTables { No } # table num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInTables { Yes } # table num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInTables { No } # table num has sub-sa. num - # @SubPrefaceNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has sub-preface num - # @SubIntroductionumInFloaters{ No } # floater num has sub-intro num - # @ChapterNumInFloaters { Yes } # floater num has chapter num - # @SectionNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has section num - # @SubSectionNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has sub-ss. num - # @AppendixNumInFloaters { Yes } # floater num has appendix num - # @SubAppendixNumInFloaters { No } # floater num has sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInFloaters{ No } # floater num has sub-sa. num - # @SubPrefaceNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-preface num - # @SubIntroductionNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-intro num - # @SectionNumInRunners { Yes } # runners have section num - # @SubSectionNumInRunners { No } # runners have subsect num - # @SubSubSectionNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-ss. num - # @SubAppendixNumInRunners { Yes } # runners have sub-app num - # @SubSubAppendixNumInRunners { No } # runners have sub-sa. num - # @PrefacePrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @ContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @FigureContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @TableContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @FloaterContentsPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @AbbreviationsPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @IntroductionPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @ChapterPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @AppendixPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @ReferencesPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @GlossaryPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @IndexPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @IndexAPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @IndexBPrefix { } # for structured page nums - # @ColophonPrefix { } # for structured page nums -} - - -############################################################################### -# # -# @Database (and @SysDatabase) clauses go here. # -# # -############################################################################### - -@SysDatabase @FontDef { fontdefs } # font definitions -@SysDatabase @RefStyle { refstyle } # reference printing styles diff --git a/doc/doc/user/mydefs b/doc/doc/user/mydefs deleted file mode 100644 index 1ec1678..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/mydefs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,225 +0,0 @@ - - ################################################### - # # - # Lout keywords and @Code symbol. # - # # - ################################################### - - def @Code right x - { { Helvetica Base -1p } @Font lines @Break x } - - def @@BackEnd { @Code "@BackEnd" } - def @@Begin { @Code "@Begin" } - def @@Break { @Code "@Break" } - def @@Case { @Code "@Case" } - def @@Database { @Code "@Database" } - def @@End { @Code "@End" } - def @@Font { @Code "@Font" } - def @@Char { @Code "@Char" } - def @@Galley { @Code "@Galley" } - def @@Graphic { @Code "@Graphic" } - def @@HAdjust { @Code "@HAdjust" } - def @@HContract { @Code "@HContract" } - def @@HCover { @Code "@HCover" } - def @@HExpand { @Code "@HExpand" } - def @@HScale { @Code "@HScale" } - def @@High { @Code "@High" } - def @@HShift { @Code "@HShift" } - def @@Include { @Code "@Include" } - def @@Insert { @Code "@Insert " } - def @@IncludeGraphic { @Code "@IncludeGraphic" } - def @@Key { @Code "@Key" } - def @@LClos { @Code "@LClos" } - def @@LEnv { @Code "@LEnv" } - def @@LInput { @Code "@LInput" } - def @@LVis { @Code "@LVis" } - def @@Moment { @Code "@Moment" } - def @@Next { @Code "@Next" } - def @@Null { @Code "@Null" } - def @@OneCol { @Code "@OneCol" } - def @@OneRow { @Code "@OneRow" } - def @@Open { @Code "@Open" } - def @@Outline { @Code "@Outline" } - def @@PAdjust { @Code "@PAdjust" } - def @@PrependGraphic { @Code "@PrependGraphic" } - def @@Rotate { @Code "@Rotate" } - def @@Scale { @Code "@Scale" } - def @@SetColor { @Code "@SetColor" } - def @@SetColour { @Code "@SetColour" } - def @@Language { @Code "@Language" } - def @@CurrLang { @Code "@CurrLang" } - def @@Space { @Code "@Space" } - def @@SysDatabase { @Code "@SysDatabase" } - def @@SysInclude { @Code "@SysInclude" } - def @@SysIncludeGraphic { @Code "@SysIncludeGraphic" } - def @@SysPrependGraphic { @Code "@SysPrependGraphic" } - def @@Tag { @Code "@Tag" } - def @@Tagged { @Code "@Tagged" } - def @@Use { @Code "@Use" } - def @@VAdjust { @Code "@VAdjust" } - def @@VContract { @Code "@VContract" } - def @@VCover { @Code "@VCover" } - def @@VExpand { @Code "@VExpand" } - def @@VScale { @Code "@VScale" } - def @@VShift { @Code "@VShift" } - def @@Wide { @Code "@Wide" } - def @@Yield { @Code "@Yield" } - - - ################################################### - # # - # Miscellaneous symbols used in the guide. # - # # - ################################################### - - def @TeX - { @OneCol { T &0.4fo {-0.2f @VShift E} &0.45fo X } - } - - def @LaTeX - { @OneCol { L &0.3fo { +0.1f @VShift 0.8f @Font A } &0.4fo @TeX } - } - - import @BasicSetup - def @Batlow { Batlow Food Distributors Pty. Ltd. } - - import @BasicSetup - def @GreyBox right x { @Box paint { lightgrey } x } - - import @BasicSetup - def @HeadingBox left x right y - { - @Box { @CentredDisplay @Heading x y } - } - - def @FilledBox - { - @BackEnd @Case { - PostScript @Yield { - { "0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto" - "closepath fill" - } @Graphic { 0.6f @High ^/ 0.4f @High 4f @Wide } - } - PDF @Yield { - { "0 0 m __xsize 0 l __xsize __ysize l 0 __ysize l h f" - } @Graphic { 0.6f @High ^/ 0.4f @High 4f @Wide } - } - } - } - - import @Math - def epi { p sub i ` log sub 2 ` p sub i } - - import @Math - def ep right x { p sub x ` log sub 2 ` p sub x } - -# def @Dbl left x right y -# { 1.95i @Wide -# { 1.25i @Wide { |1rt @Code x } |0.2i @Eq {non y} } -# } - - def @LCodeWidth { 3.5c } - def @CodeWidth { 4.0c } - def @ResultWidth { 1.6c } - - import @Math - def @ExA { 1 over sqrt { 1 - 4 x sup 2 } } - - def @@Diag { @Code "@Diag" } - - extend @DiagSetup @Diag - macro @MyNode { - @Node - outline { - LR:: { xsize 0 } - LR:< 0d - UL:: { 0 ysize } - UL:< 270d - 0 0 LR UL 0 0 - } - } - - extend @DiagSetup @Diag - macro @MyLink { - @Link - path { - FROM:: from - TO:: to - FROM TO - } - } - - def @ShowHMark right x - { - { - "-0.3 cm ymark moveto xsize 0.3 cm add ymark lineto" - "[ 0.1 cm ] 0 setdash stroke" - } @Graphic x - } - - def @ZeroWidth right x { @OneCol { |0io x |0io } } - - def @SomeText - { -Johnson suddenly uttered, in a strong determined tone, an apophegm, at -which many will start: `Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel.' - } - - import @DiagSetup - def @OpenCircle { @Diag { @Circle margin { 0.2f } } } - - import @DiagSetup - def @ClosedCircle { @Diag { @Circle paint { black } margin { 0.2f } } } - - import @TblSetup @BasicSetup - def @AmberLight - { - @OneRow @Tbl - aformat { @Cell indentvertical { align } A } - marginhorizontal { 0i } - marginvertical { 0i } - strut { no } - rule { no } - paint { no } - { - @Rowa A { @OpenCircle } - @MarkRowa A { @ClosedCircle } - @Rowa A { @OpenCircle } - } - } - - import @DiagSetup @Diag - def @Four named code { } right x - { - 3.8c @Wide @Code code ||0.3c - 2.7c @Wide @StartRight x ||0.3c - 2.7c @Wide @StartUp x ||0.3c - 2.7c @Wide @StartLeft x ||0.3c - 2.2c @Wide @StartDown x - } - - import @BasicSetup - def @TextureSample right x - { - @Box margin { 0i } - x @Texture @Box margin { 2.0f } paint { black } {} - } - - import @BasicSetup - def @XRGBTest right col - { - def @Thing { - @HContract @VContract { 0.9c @Wide 0.5f @High ^/ 0.5f @High } - } - - @HContract { - @Box paint { @Xrgb col } margin { 0i } @Thing - &0.2c - 2.8c @Wide downifneeded @Scale @Code col - } - } - - def @XRGBNoTest - { - @HContract { 0.9c @Wide &0.2c 2.8c @Wide {} } - } diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pascal b/doc/doc/user/pascal deleted file mode 100644 index 41376df..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pascal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Pascal and Modula-2 Programs } -@Begin -@LP -There is a @Code "@Pas" symbol for printing Pascal programs -pascal @Index { Pascal programs } -pas. @Index @Code "@Pas" -@Cite { $jensen1975pascal }. No attempt is made to follow any -particular printing standard; the design simply reflects this author's -taste. To use {@Code "@Pas"}, place @Code "@SysInclude { pas }" at the -start of your document in the usual way. A Pascal program or program -fragment is entered like this: -@ID @Code { -"@ID @Pas {" -"procedure PriDelete(x: PriEntry; var Q: PriorityQueue);" -" var i: integer;" -"begin" -" with Q^ do begin" -" size := size - 1;" -" if x^.back <= size then" -" begin" -" i := x^.back;" -" A[i] := A[size + 1];" -" A[i]^.back := i;" -" PriAddRoot(i, Q);" -" PriAddLeaf(i, Q)" -" end" -" end" -"end;" -"}" -} -This produces -@ID @Pas { -procedure PriDelete(x: PriEntry; var Q: PriorityQueue); - var i: integer; -begin - with Q^ do begin - size := size - 1; - if x^.back <= size then - begin - i := x^.back; - A[i] := A[size + 1]; - A[i]^.back := i; - PriAddRoot(i, Q); - PriAddLeaf(i, Q) - end - end -end; -} -Blank lines, line breaks, indents and spaces in the input are respected, -with a tab being considered equal to eight spaces. @Code "@Pas" can also -be used within a paragraph to produce a fragment like -@OneCol @Pas { A[i..j] }. Use @Code "@OneCol @Pas { ... }" to prevent the -result from breaking over two lines. -@PP -@Code "@Pas" does not attempt to rearrange the program in any way. Each -item is simply printed according to the following plan: -@ID { -7c @Wide { - @Code and |2.5ct @Pas { and } -//1vx @Code array |2.5ct @Pas { array } -//1vx @Code begin |2.5ct @Pas { begin } -//1vx @Code case |2.5ct @Pas { case } -//1vx @Code const |2.5ct @Pas { const } -//1vx @Code div |2.5ct @Pas { div } -//1vx @Code do |2.5ct @Pas { do } -//1vx @Code downto |2.5ct @Pas { downto } -//1vx @Code else |2.5ct @Pas { else } -//1vx @Code end |2.5ct @Pas { end } -//1vx @Code file |2.5ct @Pas { file } -//1vx @Code for |2.5ct @Pas { for } -//1vx @Code forward |2.5ct @Pas { forward } -//1vx @Code function |2.5ct @Pas { function } -//1vx @Code goto |2.5ct @Pas { goto } -//1vx @Code if |2.5ct @Pas { if } -//1vx @Code in |2.5ct @Pas { in } -//1vx @Code label |2.5ct @Pas { label } -//1vx @Code mod |2.5ct @Pas { mod } -//1vx @Code nil |2.5ct @Pas { nil } -//1vx @Code not |2.5ct @Pas { not } -//1vx @Code of |2.5ct @Pas { of } -//1vx @Code or |2.5ct @Pas { or } -//1vx @Code otherwise |2.5ct @Pas { otherwise } -//1vx @Code packed |2.5ct @Pas { packed } -//1vx @Code procedure |2.5ct @Pas { procedure } -//1vx @Code program |2.5ct @Pas { program } -//1vx @Code record |2.5ct @Pas { record } -//1vx @Code repeat |2.5ct @Pas { repeat } -//1vx @Code set |2.5ct @Pas { set } -//1vx @Code then |2.5ct @Pas { then } -//1vx @Code to |2.5ct @Pas { to } -//1vx @Code type |2.5ct @Pas { type } -//1vx @Code until |2.5ct @Pas { until } -//1vx @Code var |2.5ct @Pas { var } -//1vx @Code while |2.5ct @Pas { while } -//1vx @Code with |2.5ct @Pas { with } -} | 7c @Wide { - @Code "0" |2.5ct @Pas { 0 } -//1vx @Code "1" |2.5ct @Pas { 1 } -//1vx @Code "2" |2.5ct @Pas { 2 } -//1vx @Code "3" |2.5ct @Pas { 3 } -//1vx @Code "4" |2.5ct @Pas { 4 } -//1vx @Code "5" |2.5ct @Pas { 5 } -//1vx @Code "6" |2.5ct @Pas { 6 } -//1vx @Code "7" |2.5ct @Pas { 7 } -//1vx @Code "8" |2.5ct @Pas { 8 } -//1vx @Code "9" |2.5ct @Pas { 9 } -//1vx @Code "." |2.5ct @Pas { . } -//1vx @Code "," |2.5ct @Pas { , } -//1vx @Code ":" |2.5ct @Pas { : } -//1vx @Code ";" |2.5ct @Pas { ; } -//1vx @Code "'" |2.5ct @Pas { ' } -//1vx @Code "`" |2.5ct @Pas { ` } -//1vx @Code "+" |2.5ct @Pas { + } -//1vx @Code "-" |2.5ct @Pas { - } -//1vx @Code "*" |2.5ct @Pas { * } -//1vx @Code "/" |2.5ct @Pas { / } -//1vx @Code "(" |2.5ct @Pas { ( } -//1vx @Code ")" |2.5ct @Pas { ) } -//1vx @Code "[" |2.5ct @Pas { [ } -//1vx @Code "]" |2.5ct @Pas { ] } -//1vx @Code "^" |2.5ct @Pas { ^ } -//1vx @Code ".." |2.5ct @Pas { .. } -//1vx @Code "=" |2.5ct @Pas { = } -//1vx @Code "<" |2.5ct @Pas { < } -//1vx @Code ">" |2.5ct @Pas { > } -//1vx @Code "<>" |2.5ct @Pas { <> } -//1vx @Code "<=" |2.5ct @Pas { <= } -//1vx @Code ">=" |2.5ct @Pas { >= } -//1vx @Code ":=" |2.5ct @Pas { := } -} -} -Anything not mentioned here will appear in italic font. -@PP -Unlike the @Code "@CP" symbol from the previous chapter, the @Code "@Pas" -symbol is a quick-and-dirty production which does not offer you any options, -or indeed attempt to solve every problem of Pascal formatting. In -particular, Pascal strings need attention before formatting by -{@Code "@Pas"}. Their interiors are best enclosed in double quotes to -prevent the above transformations from occurring inside them. Any -@Code "\\" or @Code "\"" characters inside strings will need to be -replaced by @Code "\\\\" and @Code "\\\"" respectively, and the opening -quote should be replaced by {@Code "`"}. -@PP -Similar remarks apply to Pascal comments; don't forget that @Code "{" -and @Code "}" must be enclosed in double quotes. Alternatively, a -@Code "@Com" symbol can be placed in front of a comment enclosed -in braces. It will add literal braces: -@ID @Code { -"@Com { A Pascal comment }" -} -has result -@ID @Pas { -@Com { A Pascal comment } -} -It may still be necessary to enclose the interior in double quotes. -@PP -There is a @Code "@Modula" symbol which allows you to format Modula-2 -programs in the same way as @Code "@Pas" does for Pascal. You get it -via {@Code "@SysInclude { modula }"}, and once again it is a quick-and-dirty -production. -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pie b/doc/doc/user/pie deleted file mode 100644 index cb0fd38..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pie +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Pie Graphs } - @Tag { pie } -@Begin -@LP -This chapter describes how to draw pie graphs, using the @Code "@Pie" -piegraphs. @Index { pie graphs } -pie. @Index { @Code "@Pie" symbol } -symbol. For example, -@ID @OneRow -1px @Break @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie -{ - @Slice - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -} -produces the pie graph -@CD @Pie -{ - @Slice - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -This example shows off most of what @Code "@Pie" can do. -# there are many options, but for the most part they offer -# detailed adjustments, not additional features. -@BeginSections -@Include { pie_intr } -@Include { pie_slic } -@Include { pie_over } -@Include { pie_capt } -@Include { pie_labe } -@Include { pie_erro } -@Include { pie_summ } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pie_capt b/doc/doc/user/pie_capt deleted file mode 100644 index ba28c8c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pie_capt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,111 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Captions } - @Tag { pie_capt } -@Begin -@PP -There are options for placing captions left, right, above, and below -captions. @RawIndex { captions } -captions.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.captions @SubIndex { captions } -leftcaption. @RawIndex { @Code "leftcaption" option } -leftcaption.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.leftcaption @SubIndex { @Code "leftcaption" option } -rightcaption. @RawIndex { @Code "rightcaption" option } -rightcaption.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.rightcaption @SubIndex { @Code "rightcaption" option } -abovecaption. @RawIndex { @Code "abovecaption" option } -abovecaption.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.abovecaption @SubIndex { @Code "abovecaption" option } -belowcaption. @RawIndex { @Code "belowcaption" option } -belowcaption.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.belowcaption @SubIndex { @Code "belowcaption" option } -the pie graph, following the pattern of the captions in {@Code "@Graph"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - leftcaption { At left } - rightcaption { At right } - abovecaption { This appears above } - belowcaption { This appears below } -} -produces -@CD @Pie - leftcaption { At left } - rightcaption { At right } - abovecaption { This appears above } - belowcaption { This appears below } -{ - @Slice - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -The captions may be arbitrary Lout objects, so may include -equations, {@Code "@Rotate"}, and so on. Each caption except -@Code rightcaption is printed in the -@Code "clines @Break" style, which means that multiple lines in one -caption will be centred beneath each other. The @Code rightcaption -option uses the @Code "lines @Break" style, in which the lines are -left justified beneath each other. -@PP -There are options for controlling the amount of space between each -caption and the pie graph. Here they are with their default values: -leftgap. @RawIndex { @Code "leftgap" option } -leftgap.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.leftgap @SubIndex { @Code "leftgap" option } -rightgap. @RawIndex { @Code "rightgap" option } -rightgap.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.rightgap @SubIndex { @Code "rightgap" option } -abovegap. @RawIndex { @Code "abovegap" option } -abovegap.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.abovegap @SubIndex { @Code "abovegap" option } -belowgap. @RawIndex { @Code "belowgap" option } -belowgap.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.belowgap @SubIndex { @Code "belowgap" option } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - leftgap { 0.5c } - rightgap { 0.5c } - abovegap { 0.5c } - belowgap { 0.5c } -} -These gaps are inserted only if the corresponding caption is -non-empty. Lout knows exactly where captions are, and leaves -space for them and their gaps, so it would be wrong to attempt -to use the {@Code leftextra}, {@Code rightextra}, {@Code aboveextra}, -and {@Code belowextra} options from Section {@NumberOf pie_over} to -allow for the space occupied by captions. -@PP -When a pie graph is to be presented as a centred display, it is usually -best if the centring is done with respect to the pie alone, not the -captions and labels. The @Code "hidecaptions" option does this by -hidecaptions. @RawIndex { @Code "hidecaptions" option } -hidecaptions.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.hidecaptions @SubIndex { @Code "hidecaptions" option } -making the left and right captions and gaps seem to Lout to have zero -width: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - hidecaptions { yes } -} -Actually @Code "yes" has been made the default value, since the vast -majority of pie graphs are centred displays. In the rare cases where -this feature is not wanted (for example, if a pie graph appears as an entry -in a table), use {@Code "hidecaptions { no }"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pie_erro b/doc/doc/user/pie_erro deleted file mode 100644 index fc8ed1c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pie_erro +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Errors } - @Tag { pie_erro } -@Begin -@PP -Lout normally produces output that will print without mishap on -errors. @RawIndex { errors } -errors.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.errors @SubIndex { errors } -any PostScript device. However, some of the options of @Code "@Pie" -and @Code "@Slice" are passed through Lout without checking. Any -errors in this material will not be detected until the file is printed. -@PP -When an error is detected, the offending page is printed up to the -point where the error occurred, with a message nearby describing -the error. Printing of the document is then aborted. The problem -is usually easy to locate since it lies in whatever should have -been printed next. -@PP -Like {@Code "@Diag"} and {@Code "@Graph"}, @Code "@Pie" has a -@Code "save" option which causes the memory used by the pie graph -save. @RawIndex { @Code "save" option } -save.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.save @SubIndex { @Code "save" option } -to be reclaimed as soon as it is printed: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - save { yes } -... -} -However @Code "@Pie" uses very little memory and so this option is -probably not going to be needed. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pie_intr b/doc/doc/user/pie_intr deleted file mode 100644 index 9eca4d2..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pie_intr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,65 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Introduction } - @Tag { pie_intr } -@Begin -@PP -The Lout definitions for pie graph formatting are kept in a file called -{@Code "pie"}, which you must include at the start of your document if -pie.file @Index { @Code "pie" setup file } -you want pie graphs, like this: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { pie }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -Setup files for specialized packages, such as {@Code "pie"}, should be -included before the main setup file. Once this is done, the @Code "@Pie" -symbol used below will then be available for use anywhere within your -document. As usual in Lout, the @Code "@Pie" symbol produces an object -which may appear anywhere at all -- in a centred display, for example, -or in a figure, or as an entry in a table. -@PP -A pie graph is made by a @Code "@Pie" symbol enclosing a sequence of -@Code "@Slice" symbols. These @Code "@Slice" symbols and their options -are the only things that may appear inside the @Code "@Pie" symbol. -@PP -Every option of @Code "@Slice" is also an option of {@Code "@Pie"}. -Giving a value to such an option at @Code "@Pie" will make that -the default value for very {@Code "@Slice"}. For example, -you can write -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - weight { 20 } -{ - ... -} -} -to give every slice a weight (angular extent) of 20. If all but a -few slices have the same weight, you can still do this, just giving -a @Code weight option to the exceptional slices. -@PP -Furthermore, every option of @Code "@Pie" appears in the setup -file, and giving a value to an option there makes that value the -default value for every @Code "@Pie" in your document. For example, -if you want every slice of every pie to be light red, you can set -the @Code paint option in the setup file to {@Code lightred}, -and all your slices will be painted this colour unless you -override the setup file value by giving @Code paint options to -some pies or slices. -@PP -See Section @NumberOf setup to find out how to make your own copy -of the setup file, perhaps calling it {@Code mypie}, and change -some options within it. Your document would then typically -start like this: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code { -"@Include { mypie }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -and by changing options within file @Code "mypie" you can -affect every pie graph in your document. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pie_labe b/doc/doc/user/pie_labe deleted file mode 100644 index aca92f9..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pie_labe +++ /dev/null @@ -1,382 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Labels } - @Tag { pie_labe } -@Begin -@PP -labels. @RawIndex { labels } -labels.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.labels @SubIndex { labels } -Labels are short messages printed inside the slices, -identifying them. We've already seen the @Code label -option, in which we place the label, which can be an -arbitrary Lout object. In this section we'll show how -to change the format and position of these labels. -@PP -For changing the format of a label there are four options: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - labelfont { -2p } - labelbreak { clines } - labelmargin { 0.2f } - labelformat { @Body } -} -This shows the default values of these options. -@PP -The @Code labelfont option determines the font in which the -labelfont. @RawIndex { @Code "labelfont" options } -labelfont.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.labelfont @SubIndex { @Code "labelfont" option } -label will be printed. The default value shown above calls -for the current font to be used, two points smaller than it -otherwise would have been. Any value acceptable to the -@Code "@Font" symbol from Section {@NumberOf fonts} is -acceptable here, including changing the family and face. -@PP -The @Code labelbreak option determines how paragraph breaking -labelbreak. @RawIndex { @Code "labelbreak" options } -labelbreak.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.labelbreak @SubIndex { @Code "labelbreak" option } -within the label will be carried out. Any value acceptable to -the @Code "@Break" symbol from Section {@NumberOf paras} is -acceptable here. The default value shown above causes each -line of the label to be one line of the result, with each -line centred with respect to the longest line. -@PP -The @Code labelmargin option places a margin around the -labelmargin. @RawIndex { @Code "labelmargin" options } -labelmargin.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.labelmargin @SubIndex { @Code "labelmargin" option } -label. The default value shown makes a margin of width -0.2 times the current font size. This margin has no effect -on the appearance or position of the label (in particular, -it is drawn outside @Code "labelformat" below, not inside). -It is only needed for adjusting the appearance of fingers, -as described as the end of this section. -@PP -The @Code labelformat option allows more radical changes -labelformat. @RawIndex { @Code "labelformat" options } -labelformat.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.labelformat @SubIndex { @Code "labelformat" option } -to the label format. Its value may be an arbitrary -object. Within it, the symbol @Code "@Body" stands for -the value of the @Code "label" option: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - labelformat { @ShadowBox @Body } -} -will cause the text of the label to appear within a -shadow box. Of course, we could get this effect by -placing these symbols in the label itself, like this: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - label { @ShadowBox { Admin (20%) } } -} -However, like all @Code "@Slice" options, @Code labelformat -may be given to @Code "@Pie" as well, like this: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - labelformat { @ShadowBox @Body } -} -and there it affects every label in the pie graph: -@CD @Pie - labelformat { @ShadowBox @Body } -{ - @Slice - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -When the labels all have the same format, this is much faster -and less error-prone than formatting each label independently, -especially when experimenting with different formats. -@PP -Two options are available for changing the positions of -labels: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - labelradius { internal } - labeladjust { 0c 0c } -} -Each label occupies a rectangular area, and these options -determine the position of the centre of the rectangle. -@PP -The @Code labelradius option determines how far the -labelradius.pie @Index { @Code "labelradius" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.labelradius @SubIndex { @Code "labelradius" option } -centre of the label is from the point of the slice -(usually the same as the centre of the pie graph, -but not when the slice is detached). The default value -of {@Code labelradius} shown above, {@Code internal}, -is a synonym for 0.6, so it causes the centre of the label -to appear 60% of the way from the point of the slice to -its outside boundary. The angular position of the label -centre will be halfway around the arc of the slice. No -attempt is made to fit the label into the interior of -the slice; it lands where these rules say irrespective -of what might be overstruck when it does. It is printed -after its slice's outline and paint, so it can't be -hidden by them; but if it strays into the next slice it -will be buried under any paint in that slice. -@PP -For fine adjustments, the @Code labeladjust option -labeladjust. @RawIndex { @Code "labeladjust" options } -labeladjust.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.labeladjust @SubIndex { @Code "labeladjust" option } -may be used to move the label centre any distance in -the x and y directions. For example, -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - labeladjust { 0.2c -0.1c } -} -will move the label centre 0.2 centimetres further to -the right and 0.1 centimetres down from where it would -otherwise have appeared. -@PP -The recommended procedure for getting internal labels -to look good is to first try them without any adjustment. -Next, consider rearranging the label layout. Our running -example has poorly positioned labels, but they can be -improved just by breaking each label over two lines: -@CD @Pie - # abovecaption { Ideal breakdown of academic workload } - aboveextra { 1f } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin @LLP (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research @LLP (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching @LLP (40%) } -} -Finally, the @Code labeladjust option is there as a last resort. -@PP -To get a label outside its slice, use -externallabels.pie @Index { external labels in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.externallabels @SubIndex { external labels } -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - labelradius { external } -} -Again, @Code external is just a synonym for the number -1.4, meaning that the label centre is to be placed 140% -of the pie chart's radius away from the point of the -slice. It can be replaced by any number. -@PP -Two issues arise when labels are placed externally. -The first issue is that Lout does not know where these labels -are being printed and so cannot leave space for them. -Section {@NumberOf pie_over} has already explained how to -handle this problem using the {@Code leftextra}, -{@Code rightextra}, {@Code aboveextra}, and {@Code belowextra} -options of {@Code "@Pie"}. Our running example, converted -to external labels, might be entered like this: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - abovecaption { Ideal breakdown of academic workload } - labelradius { external } - aboveextra { 0.7c } - belowextra { 1.3c } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin @LLP (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research @LLP (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching @LLP (40%) } -} -} -which produces this: -@CD @Pie - abovecaption { Ideal breakdown of academic workload } - labelradius { external } - aboveextra { 0.7c } - belowextra { 1.3c } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin @LLP (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research @LLP (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching @LLP (40%) } -} -The amount of extra space to add has to be worked out by -experiment. It can help to temporarily remove all -captions and enclose the @Code "@Pie" symbol in a box -with zero margin: -@ID -1px @Break @Code @Verbatim { @Box margin { 0i } @Pie ... } -to show clearly how much space the @Code extra options -are covering. -@PP -The second issue raised by external labels is how to -visually connect each label with its slice, when this -fingers.pie @Index { fingers in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.fingers @SubIndex { fingers } -seems necessary. @Code "@Pie" can do this with short -line segments that we will call {@I fingers}: -@CD @Pie - abovecaption { Ideal breakdown of academic workload } - labelradius { external } - aboveextra { 1.3f } - belowextra { 3f } - finger { yes } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin @LLP (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research @LLP (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching @LLP (40%) } -} -These were made by adding @Code "finger { yes }" as -another option to the @Code "@Pie" symbol. -@PP -Each slice has several options which control the -appearance of its own finger. Here is the full set, -showing their default values: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - finger { no } - fingerstyle { solid } - fingerdashlength { 0.2f } - fingerwidth { thin } - fingerradius { 0.7 } - fingeradjust { 0c 0c } -} -The @Code "finger" option may be @Code "no" or @Code "yes" -finger.pie @Index { @Code "finger" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.finger @SubIndex { @Code "finger" option } -and determines whether a finger will be drawn or not. -@PP -The {@Code fingerstyle}, {@Code fingerdashlength}, and -{@Code fingerwidth} options are exactly analogous to -fingerstyle.pie @Index { @Code "fingerstyle" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.fingerstyle @SubIndex { @Code "fingerstyle" option } -fingerdashlength.pie @Index { @Code "fingerdashlength" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.fingerdashlength @SubIndex { @Code "fingerdashlength" option } -fingerwidth.pie @Index { @Code "fingerwidth" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.fingerwidth @SubIndex { @Code "fingerwidth" option } -the {@Code outlinestyle}, {@Code outlinedashlength}, and -{@Code outlinewidth} options. They take the same range -of values, and determine the style of the line segment -drawn to make the finger (solid, dashed, etc.). -@PP -The {@Code fingerradius} and {@Code fingeradjust} options -are exactly analogous to the {@Code labelradius} and -{@Code labeladjust} options, except that instead of -determining the position of the centre of the label they -determine the position of the inner endpoint of the -finger. The default values place it 70% of the way -from the point of the slice to its outer edge. The -@I outer endpoint of the finger always terminates on -the bounding box of the label, with the line pointing -through the centre of the label, and this cannot be -changed, although the @Code labelmargin option -(see the start of this section) may be used to decrease -or increase the margin around the label, thus causing -the finger to terminate closer to the label or further away. -@PP -Fingers may have arrowheads on their inner ends: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - labelradius { 1.6 } - aboveextra { 2f } - belowextra { 4f } - finger { yes } - fingerarrow { yes } - fingerradius { 1 } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin @LLP (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research @LLP (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching @LLP (40%) } -} -} -produces -@CD @Pie - labelradius { 1.6 } - aboveextra { 2f } - belowextra { 4f } - finger { yes } - fingerarrow { yes } - fingerradius { 1 } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin @LLP (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research @LLP (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching @LLP (40%) } -} -The point of the arrowhead coincides with the inner -endpoint of the finger, so @Code "fingerradius" would -usually be set to @Code 1 when arrowheads are used. -@PP -Although @Code "@Pie" does not offer the elegant selection -of arrowhead styles of {@Code "@Diag"}, it is possible -to change the length and width of the arrowheads -with these options: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - fingerarrowlength { 0.6f } - fingerarrowwidth { 0.45f } -} -This example shows the default values of these options. -These options may of course be given to @Code "@Pie" and -also in the setup file as usual. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pie_over b/doc/doc/user/pie_over deleted file mode 100644 index 2445a05..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pie_over +++ /dev/null @@ -1,117 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the overall appearance of the pie graph } - @Tag { pie_over } -@Begin -@PP -We've already seen that all @Code "@Slice" options may be given -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.overall @SubIndex { overall appearance } -to @Code "@Pie" as well. In addition to those, @Code "@Pie" has -its own options that affect the overall appearance of the pie graph: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - radius { 2.5c } - initialangle { 0d } - leftextra { 0c } - rightextra { 0c } - aboveextra { 0c } - belowextra { 0c } -} -This example shows these options with their default values. -@PP -The @Code radius option determines the radius of the pie -radius. @RawIndex { @Code "radius" option } -radius.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.radius @SubIndex { @Code "radius" option } -graph. As shown, the default radius is 2.5 centimetres, giving a diameter -of 5 centimetres. -@PP -The @Code initialangle option determines the angle that the first -initialangle.pie @Index { @Code "initialangle" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.initialangle @SubIndex { @Code "initialangle" option } -slice begins at. Following mathematical convention, the default angle -@Code 0d is directly to the right of the centre of the pie graph, and -as the value of @Code initialangle is increased the initial angle moves -anticlockwise. The slices are placed in anticlockwise order immediately -adjacent to each other. If you need a gap between two slices, use a -slice with no outline, no paint, and no label. -@PP -Lout thinks that the whole pie graph occupies a square space -tightly fitting around the given radius, as we can verify by -drawing a box with zero margin around an example pie graph: -@CD @Box margin { 0i } @Pie -{ - @Slice - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -Detached slices (Section {@NumberOf pie_slic}) and external -labels (Section {@NumberOf pie_labe}) can be printed outside -this square region without Lout's knowledge, and this is -likely to spoil the layout: -@CD @Box margin { 0i } @Pie -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -The {@Code leftextra}, {@Code rightextra}, {@Code aboveextra}, and -leftextra.pie @Index { @Code "leftextra" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.leftextra @SubIndex { @Code "leftextra" option } -rightextra.pie @Index { @Code "rightextra" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.rightextra @SubIndex { @Code "rightextra" option } -aboveextra.pie @Index { @Code "aboveextra" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.aboveextra @SubIndex { @Code "aboveextra" option } -belowextra.pie @Index { @Code "belowextra" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.belowextra @SubIndex { @Code "belowextra" option } -{@Code belowextra} options are used to tell Lout to leave extra -space to the left, right, above, and below, so as to correct these -problems: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - aboveextra { 0.7c } -} -We have not added extra space at the right as well, since we prefer -to centre the pie graph horizontally without regard to detached -slices. The result occupies 0.7 cm extra at the top: -@CD @Box margin { 0i } @Pie aboveextra { 0.7c } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -We'll see these options again when we come to external labels in -Section {@NumberOf pie_labe}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pie_slic b/doc/doc/user/pie_slic deleted file mode 100644 index 1c8f7d8..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pie_slic +++ /dev/null @@ -1,203 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the appearance of slices } - @Tag { pie_slic } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Slice" symbol has options for controlling the -slice. @Index { @Code "@Slice" symbol (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.slice @SubIndex { @Code "@Slice" symbol } -appearance of the slice it makes: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Slice - weight { 10 } - paint { none } - texture { solid } - outlinestyle { solid } - outlinedashlength { 0.2f } - outlinewidth { thin } - detach { no } -} -This example shows the default values of the options. -@PP -The @Code weight option is the weight (angular extent) of -weight.pie @Index { @Code "weight" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.weight @SubIndex { @Code "weight" option } -the slice. By default, the total weight of the complete -pie graph is 100, so a slice of weight 10, say, would occupy -10% of the pie area, or in other words an angular extent -of (10"/"100) @Multiply 360 degrees. You can change the -@I total weight by setting an option to the @Code "@Pie" symbol: -totalweight.pie @Index { @Code "totalweight" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.totalweight @SubIndex { @Code "totalweight" option } -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - totalweight { 360 } -} -The value 360 would be useful if you wanted your weights to -correspond with degrees. It would be good to get @Code "@Pie" -to add up all the weights of its constituent slices and use -that for the total weight, but problems behind the scenes -prevent this. As it is, if the total weight of all slices -is less than {@Code totalweight}, the leftover angular -extent will be blank; and if it exceeds {@Code totalweight}, -later slices will overstrike earlier ones. -@PP -The @Code paint option defines the colour of the interior -paint. @RawIndex { @Code "paint" option } -paint.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.paint @SubIndex { @Code "paint" option } -of the slice. Any colour acceptable to the {@Code "@Colour"} -symbol (Section {@NumberOf colour}) is allowed, plus the -default value {@Code none}, meaning no paint. As always, -alongside the @Code "paint" option there is a @Code "texture" -texture.option. @RawIndex { @Code "texture" option } -texture.option.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.texture @SubIndex { @Code "texture" option } -option: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - paint { grey } -{ - @Slice - weight { 20 } - texture { striped } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - texture { striped angle { 45d } } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - texture { striped angle { 90d } } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -} -produces -@CD -@Pie - paint { grey } -{ - @Slice - weight { 20 } - texture { striped } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - texture { striped angle { 45d } } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - texture { striped angle { 90d } } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -Textures might work better in black and white prints. -@PP -The next three options affect the outline drawn around each -slice. The @Code outlinestyle option -outlinestyle. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinestyle" option } -outlinestyle.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.outlinestyle @SubIndex { @Code "outlinestyle" option } -may be {@Code solid} (the default) which -draws a solid line, {@Code dashed} which draws a dashed -line, {@Code cdashed} which draws a dashed line with -half-size dashes at the ends (this often looks better -than {@Code dashed}), @Code "dotted" which draws a dotted line, -and @Code noline which draws no outline at all. The -@Code outlinedashlength option determines the dash length -outlinedashlength. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinedashlength" option } -outlinedashlength.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.outlinedashlength @SubIndex { @Code "outlinedashlength" option } -if @Code outlinestyle is @Code dashed or {@Code cdashed}, and -the distance between dots if @Code outlinestyle is -{@Code dotted}. The length will be varied a little to ensure -that the dashes or dots fit evenly on each segment of the -outline. The @Code "outlinewidth" option determines the width -outlinewidth. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinewidth" option } -outlinewidth.in.pie @SubIndex { in pie graphs } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.outlinewidth @SubIndex { @Code "outlinewidth" option } -of the outline, or the diameter of the dots if @Code outlinestyle -is {@Code dotted}. -@PP -You can give three values to {@Code outlinestyle}, like this: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie -{ red @Colour @Slice - weight { 75 } - outlinestyle { dashed cdashed dotted } - label { Bad debts } -} -} -and the first will apply to the first straight segment, -the second to the curved segment, and the third to the -second straight segment: -@CD @Pie -{ red @Colour @Slice - weight { 75 } - outlinestyle { dashed cdashed dotted } - label { Bad debts } -} -There is no option to change the colour of the outline, -but you can change the colour of the whole slice using -the {@Code "@Colour"} symbol from Section {@NumberOf colour} -as shown. It colours the label as well, but you can -fix that by enclosing the contents of your label in -another {@Code "@Colour"} symbol if you need to. -@PP -The @Code detach option pulls its slice radially out of the -detach.pie @Index { @Code "detach" option (pie graphs) } -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.detach @SubIndex { @Code "detach" option } -pie, without affecting any other slice: -@CD @Pie - # abovecaption { Ideal breakdown of academic workload } - aboveextra { 0.7c } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -is produced by -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Pie - aboveextra { 0.7c } -{ - @Slice - detach { yes } - weight { 20 } - label { Admin (20%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { green } - label { Research (40%) } - @Slice - weight { 40 } - paint { lightred } - label { Teaching (40%) } -} -} -We've used the @Code aboveextra option -(Section {@NumberOf pie_over}) to compensate for Lout's -ignorance of where the slice actually ended up. -The value of @Code detach may be {@Code no} (the -default), {@Code yes}, or any number, which defines -the fraction of the pie radius that the slice is -pulled out by. For example, @Code yes is just another -name for {@Code 0.5}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/pie_summ b/doc/doc/user/pie_summ deleted file mode 100644 index 471567a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/pie_summ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,187 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Summary } - @Tag { pie_summ } -@Begin -@PP -Here are the options of the @Code "@Pie" symbol, -piegraphs. @RawIndex { pie graphs } -piegraphs.summary @SubIndex { summary } -with their default values and allowed values: -@ID @Tab - hmargin { 0.15c } - vmargin { 0.47vx } - @Fmta { @Col @Code { " "A } ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @Code B ! - @Col @Code "}" ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col C } - @Fmtb { @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col ! @Col } -{ -@Rowb - A { "@Pie" } -@Rowa - A { save } - B { no } - C { {@Code no} or {@Code yes} } -@Rowa - A { totalweight } - B { 100 } - C { any positive number } -@Rowa - A { radius } - B { 2.5c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { initialangle } - B { 0d } - C { any angle (@Code {90d} etc.) } -@Rowa - A { leftextra } - B { 0c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { rightextra } - B { 0c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { aboveextra } - B { 0c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { belowextra } - B { 0c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { leftcaption } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { rightcaption } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { abovecaption } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { belowcaption } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { leftgap } - B { 0.5c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { rightgap } - B { 0.5c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { abovegap } - B { 0.5c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { belowgap } - B { 0.5c } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { hidecaptions } - B { yes } - C { @Code no or @Code yes } -@Rowa - A { weight } - B { 10 } - C { Any positive number } -@Rowa - A { paint } - B { none } - C { @Code none or any colour (Section @NumberOf { colour }) } -@Rowa - A { texture } - B { solid } - C { Any texture (Section @NumberOf { textures }) } -@Rowa - A { outlinestyle } - B { solid } - C { {@Code solid}, @Code {dashed}, @Code {cdashed}, @Code { dotted }, -or @Code { noline } } -@Rowa - A { outlinedashlength } - B { 0.2f } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { outlinewidth } - B { thin } - C { @Code { thin }, @Code { medium }, @Code { thick }, or any length } -@Rowa - A { detach } - B { no } - C { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, or any non-negative number } -@Rowa - A { label } - B { } - C { any Lout object } -@Rowa - A { labelfont } - B { -2p } - C { any font as given to @Code "@Font" } -@Rowa - A { labelbreak } - B { clines } - C { any break style as given to @Code "@Break" } -@Rowa - A { labelmargin } - B { 0.2f } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { labelformat } - B { "@Body" } - C { any Lout object, usually including @Code "@Body" } -@Rowa - A { labelradius } - B { internal } - C { {@Code internal}, {@Code external}, or any positive number } -@Rowa - A { labeladjust } - B { 0c 0c } - C { any point (pair of lengths) } -@Rowa - A { finger } - B { no } - C { @Code no or @Code yes } -@Rowa - A { fingerstyle } - B { solid } - C { {@Code solid}, @Code {dashed}, @Code {cdashed}, @Code { dotted }, -or @Code { noline } } -@Rowa - A { fingerdashlength } - B { 0.2f } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { fingerwidth } - B { thin } - C { @Code { thin }, @Code { medium }, @Code { thick }, or any length } -@Rowa - A { fingerradius } - B { 0.7 } - C { any positive number } -@Rowa - A { fingeradjust } - B { 0c 0c } - C { a point (pair of lengths) } -@Rowa - A { fingerarrow } - B { no } - C { @Code no or @Code yes } -@Rowa - A { fingerarrowlength } - B { 0.6f } - C { any length } -@Rowa - A { fingerarrowwidth } - B { 0.45f } - C { any length } -} -The options from @Code "weight" downwards are also the complete -set of options of the @Code "@Slice" symbol. The value of an -option is the value given at the @Code "@Slice" symbol, if any; -otherwise, the value at the enclosing @Code "@Pie" is used -if any; if it is not given there, the setup file value is used. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/preface b/doc/doc/user/preface deleted file mode 100644 index 99310c7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/preface +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -@Preface @Begin -@LP -This User's Guide brings together in one document everything needed -for the day-to-day use of Version 3 of the Lout document formatting -system. -@IndexLetters -@PP -There are three other documents describing Lout: the Expert's Guide -@Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }, which you need if you want to add -new features to Lout; a journal paper on the design and implementation -of Lout @Cite { $kingston1993lout.design }; and a set of overhead -transparencies @Cite { $kingston1994lout.overheads } that cover much -the same ground as this Guide. These documents are all distributed -with the software. -@PP -Lout is distributed free of charge under the GNU Public License. The -gnu. @Index { GNU Public License } -primary source is -@ID @Code "ftp://ftp.it.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout" -containing a gzipped tar file of the current version, and various -other things including a PostScript version of this guide. The -distribution contains source code, libraries, documentation, -license, and installation instructions. -@PP -A mailing list has been set up for discussion of all topics related to -Lout. To subscribe (or unsubscribe), visit -@ID @Code "http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/lout-users" -After subscribing, to post an item send email to -{@Code "lout-users@nongnu.org"}; it will be forwarded to all -subscribers via email. There is also a web -site at {@Code "http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lout"}. -@PP -Lout began in 1984 as a research project into the design of a high-level -language for document formatting. At that time my name for the subject -was `document layout,' and this terminology survives in the name -`Lout'. The initial design -was strongly influenced by Brian W. Kernighan and Lorinda L. Cherry's eqn -kernighan @Index { Kernighan, Brian W. } -cherry.l @Index { Cherry, Lorinda L.} -eqn. @Index { @Code eqn equation formatter } -equation formatter @Cite { $kernighan1975eqn }, and also by Brian K. Reid's -Scribe system @Cite { $reid1980scribe }. That -scribe. @RawIndex { Scribe } -scribe.influence @SubIndex { influence on Lout } -reid.b @Index { Reid, Brian K. } -research phase ended in October 1991 with the first public release. -@PP -Since then the system has been steadily improved and extended. Optimal -paragraph breaking and automatic hyphenation were copied from Donald -knuth @Index { Knuth, D. E. } -tex. @Index { @TeX } -E. Knuth's @TeX system @Cite { $knuth1984tex }, and the optimal paragraph -breaking algorithm was applied to the problem of producing optimal page -breaks. The first implementations of horizontal galleys and optimal -page breaking were by my student Gabor Inokai. Vincent Tan contributed -the PDF back end. Ludovic Court{@Char egrave}s contributed the -@Code "@Math" package and set up the current mailing list. -Valeriy E. Ushakov smoothed the path for many people, by his -contributions to improving Lout's robustness, and his tireless -management of and responses to the Lout mailing list. The number of -other people who have offered comments and suggestions to me is so great -that it is quite out of my power to acknowledge them individually. I -hope that seeing their ideas adopted will be thanks enough. -@DP -@RLD lines @Break { -Jeffrey H. Kingston -School of Information Technologies -The University of Sydney 2006, Australia -@Code "jeff@it.usyd.edu.au" -} -@End @Preface diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg b/doc/doc/user/prg deleted file mode 100644 index fcda27e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,160 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Computer Programs } - @Tag { cprint } -@Begin -@LP -This chapter describes how to typeset computer program text using Lout -programs. @Index { programs } -computer.programs. @RawIndex { computer programs @I see programs } -along with the @Code prg2lout -prg2lout. @Index { @Code prg2lout filter program } -filter program, which is always installed wherever Lout is. -The available languages are: -blue. @Index { Blue program printing } -c. @Index { C and C++ program printing } -eiffel. @Index { Eiffel program printing } -haskell. @Index { Haskell program printing } -java. @Index { Java program printing } -javascript. @Index { Javascript program printing } -nonpareil. @Index { Nonpareil program printing } -perl. @Index { Perl program printing } -pod. @Index { Pod (for Perl) printing } -python. @Index { Python program printing } -rsl. @Index { RSL program printing } -ruby. @Index { Ruby program printing } -tcl. @Index { Tcl program printing } -@CD @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - af { Italic } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C | @Cell D | @Cell E } - bformat { @Cell A | @Cell @Code B | @Cell @Code C | @Cell @Code D | @Cell E } -{ -@Rowa - rb { yes } - A { Language name } - B { Setup file name } - C { Lout symbol } - D { Default style } - E { ` ' escapes } -@Rowb - A { Blue } - B { blue } - C { "@Blue" } - D { varying } - E { Yes } -@Rowb - A { C, C++ } - B { cprint } - C { "@CP" } - D { fixed } - E { No } -@Rowb - A { Eiffel } - B { eiffel } - C { "@Eiffel" } - D { varying } - E { Yes } -@Rowb - A { Haskell } - B { haskell } - C { "@Haskell" } - D { symbol } - E { Yes } -@Rowb - A { Java } - B { java } - C { "@Java" } - D { fixed } - E { No } -@Rowb - A { Javascript } - B { javascript } - C { "@JavaScript" } - D { fixed } - E { No } -@Rowb - A { Nonpareil } - B { np } - C { "@Nonpareil" } - D { symbol } - E { Yes } -@Rowb - A { Perl } - B { perl } - C { "@Perl" } - D { fixed } - E { No } -@Rowb - A { Pod } - B { pod } - C { "@Pod" } - D { varying } - E { No } -@Rowb - A { Python } - B { python } - C { "@Python" } - D { varying } - E { No } -@Rowb - A { RSL } - B { rsl } - C { "@RSL" } - D { symbol } - E { Yes } -@Rowb - A { Ruby } - B { ruby } - C { "@Ruby" } - D { fixed } - E { No } -@Rowb - A { Tcl } - B { tcl } - C { "@Tcl" } - D { fixed } - E { No } - rb { yes } -} -C and C++ are handled together since, for formatting purposes, they -differ only in that C++ has some additional keywords plus an extra -way to make comments. Whenever we mention C from now on, we mean -both C and C++. See Section {@NumberOf prg_perl} for more on Perl -and its handmaiden Pod. The second to fifth columns of this table will be -explained at various points later in this chapter. -# @FootNote { -# Prior to Version 3.18 of Lout, this chapter described how to typeset -# programs written in the C programming language using the -# @Code c2lout filter, and Eiffel programs using the @Code eif2lout -# filter. These have now been withdrawn and replaced by {@Code prg2lout}, -# which handles multiple languages. Ordinary Lout documents require no -# modifications as a result of this change. -# } -@PP -It is possible to simply print out one or more program files independently -of any document. Alternatively, the program text may be printed as part of -a larger Lout document. Either way, Lout does not lay out the programs in -the sense of choosing line breaks and indenting; it uses whatever line -breaks and indenting you give to the program. What Lout does do is cope -with characters in the program text that it would ordinarily either reject -or interpret in some way (braces and so on), ensuring that you can include -program texts with absolutely no modifications; plus, if you wish, Lout -will print keywords in bold, identifiers in italics, add line numbers, etc. -@PP -It is fairly easy to add new languages: you don't have to write -executable code, just declare records describing your language. -There are instructions at the top of file {@I prg2lout.c}. -@BeginSections -@Include { prg_lone } -@Include { prg_embe } -@Include { prg_opti } -@Include { prg_chan } -@Include { prg_tabs } -@Include { prg_form } -@Include { prg_comm } -@Include { prg_prog } -@Include { prg_pipe } -@Include { prg_erro } -@Include { prg_perl } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_chan b/doc/doc/user/prg_chan deleted file mode 100644 index a561e79..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_chan +++ /dev/null @@ -1,144 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the appearance of all programs simultaneously } - @Tag { cpsetup } -@Begin -@PP -We have just seen that the {@Code "@CP"}, {@Code "@Eiffel"} etc. symbols -have many options for changing the appearance of the program text. However, -most people would not want to have a different style for every program text -in their document; they want to define the style once at the start, and have -all their program texts come out in that style without laboriously setting -options on every symbol. You do this by copying the setup file and -changing it. -@PP -For general information about how to make your own setup file, consult -Section {@NumberOf setup}. The options that determine the default -values are in the @Code "@Use" clause which occupies most of the setup -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.setup @SubIndex { setup files for } -setup.files. @RawIndex { setup files } -setup.files.for.programs @SubIndex { for programs } -file. Here is part of the @Code "@Use" clause from {@Code cprint}: -@ID @Code @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } - bformat { @Cell { " #" A } | @Cell { "{" B } | @Cell "}" } -{ -@Rowa A { "@Use { @CPSetup" } -@Rowb A { "pipe" } B { } -@Rowb A { "numbered" } B { No } -@Rowb A { "blanknumbered" } B { Yes } -@Rowb A { "style" } B { fixed } - -@Rowa -@Rowb A { "fixedfont" } B { Courier } -@Rowb A { "fixedsize" } B { -1.0p } -@Rowb A { "fixedline" } B { 1.0vx } -@Rowb A { "fixedblanklinescale" } B { 1.0 } -@Rowb A { "fixedspace" } B { lout } -@Rowb A { "fixedtabin" } B { 8 } -@Rowb A { "fixedtabout" } B { 8s } - -@Rowa -@Rowb A { "fixedidentifiers" } B { Base } -@Rowb A { "fixedkeywords" } B { Base } -@Rowb A { "fixedoperators" } B { Base } -@Rowb A { "fixednumbers" } B { Base } -@Rowb A { "fixedstrings" } B { Base } -@Rowb A { "fixedcomments" } B { Base } -@Rowb A { "fixedlinenumbers" } B { Base } - -@Rowa -@Rowb A { "fixedidentifiersformat" } B { "@Body" } -@Rowb A { "fixedkeywordsformat" } B { "@Body" } -@Rowb A { "fixedoperatorsformat" } B { "@Body" } -@Rowb A { "fixednumbersformat" } B { "@Body" } -@Rowb A { "fixedstringsformat" } B { "@Body" } -@Rowb A { "fixedcommentsformat" } B { "@Body" } -@Rowb A { "fixedlinenumbersformat" } B { "@Body" } - -#@Rowa -#@Rowa A { "..." } -# -#@Rowa -@Rowa A { "}" } -} -The @Code pipe option will be explained in Section {@NumberOf pipes}. The -options whose name begins with @Code "fixed" apply only when -@Code style is {@Code fixed}; there are corresponding options, not -shown, which apply when @Code style is {@Code varying} and {@Code symbol}. -@PP -This extract shows that the default value of @Code "numbered" is {@Code No}, -of @Code "blanknumbered" is {@Code Yes}, and of @Code style is {@Code fixed}. -It also shows the default font family, font face, font size, -line spacing, blank line scale factor, spacing mode, and tab settings when -the style is {@Code "fixed"}. The font family name for @Code "fixed" style -is {@Code "Courier"}, but for the other styles (not shown) it is empty. -This causes the @Code "fixed" style to always switch to Courier, and the -other styles to use the same font family as in the surrounding document. -@PP -The options from @Code "fixedidentifiers" to @Code "fixedlinenumbers" -allow you to set the font face to use for each of these parts of your -program. People who want fixed-width fonts do not usually want very -exciting font faces either, so the default values above are all -{@Code "Base"}, but for the {@Code varying} and {@Code symbol} styles, -the default identifier face is {@Code Slope}, the default keyword -face is {@Code Bold}, and so on. You can actually give a family name -before the face name in these options, allowing you to switch font -families for different parts of the program if you wish. -@PP -The @Code fixedidentifiersformat option allows you to make a more -radical change to the format of identifiers than just the font. Within -this option, @Code "@Body" stands for the identifier being formatted, and -by applying Lout symbols to it, you apply them to every identifier. For -example, -@ID @Code "fixedidentifiersformat { red @Colour @Body }" -will cause identifiers to be printed red. -@FootNote { -@Code "@Colour" is not a Lout primitive like, say, {@Code "@Font"}; it is -defined when you write @Code "@SysInclude { doc }" or the equivalent for -the other document types. This is true of quite a few generally useful -symbols, including {@Code "@Box"} and {@Code "@I"}. If you want to use -these symbols here, you must include your setup file @I after -@Code "@SysInclude { doc }" or whatever, the reverse of the usual -arrangement, so that they are defined before Lout reads your setup -file. This is always done when formatting programs independently of -any document, so you can use these symbols in a setup file given by -a @Code { -S } command line flag. -} If you do use exotic formats, remember that in some programming languages, -comments and even strings may occupy more than one line: {@Code "@Box"}, -for example, will give a logical but probably unwanted result when -formatting a multi-line string. -@PP -As always with setup files, to change a default value, delete the preceding -@Code "#" and change the part between braces. For example, suppose you are -happy with @Code "fixed" except that you want bold keywords. Then one line -needs to be changed, to -@ID @Code "fixedkeywords { Bold }" -Or suppose you like @Code "varying" as it stands, but would like it to be -the default style rather than {@Code "fixed"}. Again, only one line needs -to be changed, to {@Code "style { varying }"}. -@PP -It is probably not a good idea to change the default value of -@Code { numbered } to {@Code Yes}, because small fragments of -code within paragraphs will then get line numbers as well as large -displayed programs. If you do have many large numbered programs as -well as small fragments, a better approach would be to place -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -import @CPSetup -macro @NCP { @CP numbered { Yes } } -} -(or the equivalent for your language) in your @Code mydefs file, so that -you can type @Code "@NCP" instead of {@Code "@CP numbered { Yes }"}. On -the other hand, it is quite safe to change @Code "blanknumbered" to -{@Code "No"} or {@Code "NoPrint"} in the setup file; this will cause -line numbers to be omitted from blank lines whenever there happen to -be line numbers. -@PP -The setup files for the other languages are identical to this one, except -that the symbol after @Code "@Use" is different, and some of the -default values may be different. Changing an option affects only the -language of that setup file; if you have multiple languages you can -have multiple setup files and change their options quite independently -of each other. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_comm b/doc/doc/user/prg_comm deleted file mode 100644 index dc7374e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_comm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,77 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Embedding Lout commands within program comments } - @Tag { cpcomm } -@Begin -@PP -It is possible to embed Lout text inside program comments. How this -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.loutcode @SubIndex { Lout code embedded in } -loutcode.programs @Index { Lout code embedded in programs } -is done could in principle vary from language to language, but in -every language supported so far it is done by starting off the comment -with an @Code "@" character. If the language has several ways to get -a comment, this will work every way. The entire comment after the @Code "@" -character should then be Lout text. For example, to force Lout to start -a new page at some point within a C program, place -@ID @Code "/*@ @NP */" -at that point. (In this case you can also simply include a formfeed -character without any comment; see Section {@NumberOf formfeed} -for more on this.) Or, to make a heading in an Eiffel program, do this: -@ID @Code "--@ @Display @Heading { treeprint }" -(Eiffel comments begin with @Code "--" and end at the end of the -line.) Other possible uses for this feature include index entries and -margin notes. Incredible as it may seem, you can even write -@ID @Code "/*@ @CD @Heading { Function @CP { treeprint() } } */" -with @Code "@CP" and C code inside the Lout code inside the C code. You -probably can't go further, however, at least not in C, since that would -require a C comment inside a C comment. -@PP -It's possible to get quite long Lout insertions, with a bit of -care. For example, here's how to get a filled paragraph of text -into a computer program: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Eiffel { ---@@ID ragged @Break { ---@This program is free software; you can redistribute ---@it and"/"or modify it under the terms of the ---@@B { GNU General Public License } as published by ---@the Free Software Foundation; either Version 2, or ---@(at your option) any later version. ---@} - -launch(x: APPLICATION) is - -- launch the application - deferred -} -} -produces -@ID @OneRow @Eiffel { ---@@ID ragged @Break { ---@This program is free software; you can redistribute ---@it and"/"or modify it under the terms of the ---@@B { GNU General Public License } as published by ---@the Free Software Foundation; either Version 2, or ---@(at your option) any later version. ---@} - -launch(x: APPLICATION) is - -- launch the application - deferred -} -This example relies on the fact that @Code prg2lout passes -escape comments like these through to Lout absolutely -untouched. Notice the use of both a display symbol ({@Code "@ID"}) -and a change to the break style ({@Code "ragged @Break"}). If -the change of break style had been omitted, the break -style of the surrounding program, {@Code "lines @Break"}, -would have been applied to the displayed paragraph. The -display symbol is needed because without it the paragraph -would be an integral part of the surrounding program (which -is actually considered by Lout to be one paragraph), making -the @Code "ragged @Break" ineffective since you can't change -the paragraph style in the middle of a paragraph. -@PP -Clearly, use of such escape comments in conjunction with line -numbers is going to be problematic. No promise is made -that the result of doing that will make sense. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_embe b/doc/doc/user/prg_embe deleted file mode 100644 index c7d2952..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_embe +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Typesetting computer programs as part of a larger document } - @Tag { embedded } -@Begin -@PP -When the program texts are to be part of a larger Lout document, -the procedure is somewhat different. You need to include the setup file -appropriate to your language, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { cprint }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -} -The @Code cprint setup file includes everything needed to set up for C -program formatting; for the other languages, consult the second column -of the table at the start of this chapter. -@PP -The program texts within the Lout document are enclosed in braces -preceded by the Lout symbol from the third column of the table, like -this for the C language: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@IndentedDisplay @CP { -#include <stdio.h> -treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ -{ - if (p != NULL) { - treeprint(p->left); - printf(\%4d %s\\n\, p->count, p->word); - treeprint(p->right); - } -} -} -} -Although computer programs violate the rules of legal Lout input in many ways, -these rules are suspended by the {@Code "@CP"}, {@Code "@Eiffel"} etc. symbols, -allowing the program text to be incorporated with absolutely no -modifications. The result is -@ID @OneRow @CP { -#include <stdio.h> -treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ -{ - if (p != NULL) { - treeprint(p->left); - printf("%4d %s\n", p->count, p->word); - treeprint(p->right); - } -} -} -We have chosen to use the @Code "@IndentedDisplay" symbol from Section -{@NumberOf displays} to obtain an indented display, but in fact -{@Code "@CP"}, {@Code "@Eiffel"} and the rest may appear anywhere at -all: the result is an object in the usual way, which may go -anywhere. -@PP -It is quite normal to include fragments of programs, particularly -identifiers, within paragraphs; this is done in the obvious way: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -Calling @CP { remove_cooling_rods() } without checking @CP { temp } first -is not recommended since it may cause the reactor to melt down. -} -Use @Code "@OneCol @CP { ... }" (or @Code "@OneCol @Eiffel { ... }" etc. for -other languages) to prevent the program text being broken across two lines, -if desired. Hyphenation is on by default in computer programs; however, -the current language is changed from @Code English or whatever to -{@Code Programming}, whose hyhenation rules permit hyphenation after -an underscore character or between a preceding lower-case letter -and a following upper-case letter, but not elsewhere. -@PP -In cases where the program text has unbalanced braces, it is necessary to -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.braces @SubIndex { braces in } -braces. @RawIndex { braces } -braces.in.program @SubIndex { in program formatting } -use the alternative form @Code "@CP @Begin ... @End @CP" (or the -equivalent for other languages), so that Lout does not confuse program -braces with Lout braces. In that case the program text must not -contain {@Code "@End"}; and in either case the program text must not -include @Code "@Include" or @Code "@SysInclude" unless you are really -including a file at that point (Section {@NumberOf pipes}). -@PP -If your Lout document contains program texts in several languages, -simply add one @Code "@SysInclude" line for each of them and proceed -as before. If your programming language is not currently supported, -a viable alternative is -@ID @Code "@F @Verbatim { ... }" -This causes the text between braces to be set verbatim in -a fixed-width font, as explained elsewhere in this guide. This -method will not handle tab and formfeed characters very well. Again, -use @Code "@Verbatim @Begin ... @End @Verbatim" if your program text -contains unbalanced braces. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_erro b/doc/doc/user/prg_erro deleted file mode 100644 index ee4d784..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_erro +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Error messages } - @Tag { cpp_erro } -@Begin -@PP -In order to understand the error messages produced by program -printing, it is necessary to understand that Lout's first step when -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.errors @SubIndex { errors } -errors. @RawIndex { errors } -errors.in.programs @SubIndex { in program formatting } -given a program text is to pass it to the separate {@Code prg2lout} -program for analysis. This separate program is the source of most -of the error messages associated with program printing. -@PP -The {@Code prg2lout} program is quite happy to format a fragment of a -computer program: there is no need to supply a complete routine, or -a complete statement, or any such thing. However, it will complain if -you supply only a fragment of one lexical unit, such as a comment or -string without its terminating delimiter. It will also complain if -there is a character that cannot be classified as part of an identifier, -number, etc. according to the rules of the language as they have been -given to @Code prg2lout by the implementer. Irrespective of the -language rules, @Code prg2lout always interprets spaces, tabs, newlines, -and formfeed characters in the usual way. -@PP -If an error message is generated by {@Code prg2lout}, it will contain -a line and column number counting from the start of the program text -involved. Lout will precede this error message with a file name, -line number, and column number pointing to the Lout symbol -({@Code "@CP"}, {@Code "@Eiffel"} etc.) whose program text caused the -error message, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -lout file "prg_tabs" (from "prg" line 96, from "all" line 46): - 56,23: prg2lout 2,1: program text ended within comment -} -This is an actual message produced when formatting this chapter. The -program text in question has only one line, containing an incomplete comment, -so when @Code "prg2lout" tried to start the second line and found nothing, -it complained as shown. In general, then, you have to add -{@Code "prg2lout"}'s line number to Lout's line number, and use some -initiative, to find the precise point of the problem. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_form b/doc/doc/user/prg_form deleted file mode 100644 index d76f44e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_form +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Dealing with formfeed characters in programs } - @Tag { formfeed } -@Begin -@PP -The formfeed (Control-L) character is traditionally taken to be a -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.formfeeds @SubIndex { formfeed characters in } -formfeeds.programs @Index { formfeed characters in programs } -request to start a new page. This is explicitly recognized by the -formal definition of the C language and many others, which treat -this character as white space from a language point of view, with -the understanding that it will cause a page break when printed. -@PP -There are no @Code { prg2lout } options for dealing with formfeed -characters. They will be converted into @Code "@NP" (new page) -symbols, causing a new page or column to be begun in the printing. -@PP -Whether formfeed characters end their line or not is a problem. Consider -this example, where @Code "^L" stands for one formfeed character: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -abc -def^Lghi -jhk -} -How many lines does this example contain? Your text editor would -probably say `three', but when you print it you will see four. It -is not desirable to have printed programs (especially those with -line numbers attached) disagreeing with text editors about line -numbers. The solution adopted by @Code { prg2lout } to this -problem is to treat the formfeed character as including a newline, -but to assign the same line number to both parts of the original line -(the parts before and after the formfeed). If the part after the -formfeed is empty (that is, if the formfeed character is immediately -followed by a newline or another formfeed), and if the formfeed is not -inside any lexical unit, then the empty line after the formfeed will -not be printed at all. -@PP -The most common case is that of a formfeed character, outside any -lexical unit, on a line by itself. Let's see what this rule -produces in the following example of this case: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -abc -def -^L -ghi -} -There will be one blank line numbered 3 at the end of the first page, -and a line numbered 4 and containing @Code ghi at the start of the -next page. The blank line is a necessity, at least when lines are -being numbered, because we want the last line in the example to be -numbered 4 to agree with text editors, but we don't want the line -numbers on our print to skip from 2 on the first page to 4 on the -second, because that would make readers anxious about the apparently -missing line 3. If you don't want that empty line, move the formfeed -character to the end of the preceding line. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_lone b/doc/doc/user/prg_lone deleted file mode 100644 index dfce1de..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_lone +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Typesetting computer programs independently of any document } - @Tag { alone } -@Begin -@PP -Printing of program files independently of any document is done by -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.standalone @SubIndex { stand-alone } -standalone.programs @Index { stand-alone programs } -the Unix pipeline -@ID @Code "prg2lout -l language options files | lout -s > out.ps" -where @Code language stands for any one of the programming language -names in the first column of the table above. As usual with Lout, the -output will be a PostScript file. Each input file will begin on a new -page of the output, starting with its name in bold type. The @Code options -are -@WideTaggedList -@TI { {@Code-p}{@I style} } { -Select a printing style (Section {@NumberOf embedded}), either -{@Code -pfixed}, {@Code -pvarying}, or {@Code -psymbol}. The default -value varies with the language, as shown in the fourth column of the -table above. -} -@TI { @Code -n } { -Do not print file names. -} -@TI { {@Code -f}{@I font} } { -Select a font family. The default is @Code "-fCourier" for -{@Code -pfixed}, and @Code "-fTimes" otherwise. -} -@TI { {@Code -v}{@I vsize} } { -Select an inter-line spacing size in Lout units. The default is -@Code -v1.1fx meaning 1.1 times the font size measured from baseline -to baseline. -} -@TI { {@Code -b}{@I number} } { -Select a blank line scale factor, usually a number between 0.5 and 1.0, -indicating the factor by which the usual amount of white space inserted -to represent a blank line is to be reduced. The default is @Code { 1.0 }, -meaning no reduction. -} -@TI { {@Code -L}{@I number} } { -Add line numbers to the print, starting with {@I number}, or -1 if {@I number} is omitted. -} -@TI { {@Code -N} } { -Do not print line numbers at the start of blank lines. -} -@TI { {@Code -S}{@I file} } { -Use @I file as the setup file for printing your language. This allows -you to change all the options mentioned in subsequent sections, rather -than just the few given here. -} -@EndList -There are also {@Code -t} and {@Code -T} options for dealing with tab -characters (Section {@NumberOf tabs}). -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_opti b/doc/doc/user/prg_opti deleted file mode 100644 index 733126b..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_opti +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the appearance of a program } - @Tag { prg_opti } -@Begin -@PP -The {@Code "@CP"}, {@Code "@Eiffel"} etc. symbols have a number of -options for changing the appearance of the printed program. These -options are the same for all symbols, although their default values -may vary. The @Code "style" option changes the printing style; its -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.style @SubIndex { @Code "style" option } -style. @RawIndex { @Code "style" option } -style.in.programs @SubIndex { in programs } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.fixed @SubIndex { @Code "fixed" style } -fixed.programs @Index { @Code "fixed" style (programs) } -value may be {@Code "fixed"} (fixed-width font), {@Code "varying"} -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.varying @SubIndex { @Code "varying" style } -varying.programs @Index { @Code "varying" style (programs) } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.symbol @SubIndex { @Code "symbol" style } -symbol.programs @Index { @Code "symbol" style (programs) } -(varying-width font), or {@Code "symbol"} (varying-width font with -mathematical symbols used for some operators). Its default value -depends on the language, and may be found in the fourth column of -the table at the start of this chapter. The example in the previous -section was in @Code fixed style; we can switch styles like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@CP - style { varying } -{ -#include <stdio.h> -treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ -{ - if (p != NULL) { - treeprint(p->left); - printf(\%4d %s\\n\, p->count, p->word); - treeprint(p->right); - } -} -} -} -The result in this case will be -@ID @OneRow @CP style { varying } -{ -#include <stdio.h> -treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ -{ - if (p != NULL) { - treeprint(p->left); - printf("%4d %s\n", p->count, p->word); - treeprint(p->right); - } -} -} -If we use @Code "style { symbol }" we get this: -@ID @OneRow @CP style { symbol } -{ -#include <stdio.h> -treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ -{ - if (p != NULL) { - treeprint(p->left); - printf("%4d %s\n", p->count, p->word); - treeprint(p->right); - } -} -} -with mathematical symbols replacing some of the operators. -@PP -The {@Code "@CP"}, {@Code "@Eiffel"} etc. symbols have additional options -which allow a finer control over the style. Here they all are, with their -default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@CP [ or @Eiffel, @Blue, etc. ] - pipe {} - numbered { No } - blanknumbered { Yes } - style { fixed } - font { Courier } - size { -1.0p } - line { 1.0vx } - blanklinescale { 1.0 } - space { lout } - tabin { 8 } - tabout { 8s } - identifiers { Base } - keywords { Base } - operators { Base } - numbers { Base } - strings { Base } - comments { Base } -{ - ... -} -} -Apart from {@Code "pipe"}, {@Code "numbered"} and {@Code "blanknumbered"}, -the default values shown are for @Code "style { fixed }" only; the other -styles have other defaults (Section {@NumberOf cpsetup}). For the -{@Code "pipe"} option, see Section {@NumberOf pipes}. -@PP -The value of {@Code "numbered"} may be {@Code "No"} (the default), -{@Code "Yes"}, or a number, and it determines whether or not -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.numbered @SubIndex { @Code "numbered" option } -numbered.programs @Index { @Code "numbered" option (programs) } -line numbers are to be added, and if so the value of the first one. -If @Code "numbered" is {@Code "Yes"}, then the {@Code "blanknumbered"} -option becomes relevant, and it determines whether blank lines are to -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.blanknumbered @SubIndex { @Code "blanknumbered" option } -blanknumbered.programs @Index { @Code "blanknumbered" option (programs) } -receive line numbers or not. It has three acceptable values: {@Code "Yes"}, -the default value, meaning that blank lines are printed with line numbers, -just like other lines; {@Code No}, meaning that blank lines are not -assigned line numbers; and {@Code NoPrint}, meaning that blank lines -are assigned line numbers but these are not printed, so that the line -numbers printed before and after a blank line will differ by 2. -@PP -The {@Code "style"} option is already familiar. Next comes {@Code "font"}, -which determines the font family to use, {@Code "size"}, -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.font @SubIndex { @Code "font" option } -font.option. @RawIndex { @Code "font" option } -font.option.in.programs @SubIndex { in program formatting } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.size @SubIndex { @Code "size" option } -size.programs @Index { @Code "size" option (programs) } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.line @SubIndex { @Code "line" option } -line.programs @Index { @Code "line" option (programs) } -the font size to use, {@Code "line"}, the inter-line spacing, -{@Code "blanklinescale"}, a scale factor by which the usual -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.blanklinescale @SubIndex { @Code "blanklinescale" option } -blanklinescale.programs @Index { @Code "blanklinescale" option (programs) } -height of blank lines without printed line numbers is reduced (as in the -option to the @Code "@Break" symbol of the same name), and {@Code "space"}, the -spacing mode (as for the @Code "@Space" symbol of Section {@NumberOf white}). -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.space @SubIndex { @Code "space" option } -space.programs @Index { @Code "space" option (programs) } -The default value of @Code "size" asks for one point smaller than in the -surrounding document; this was done to compensate for Courier's relatively -large appearance compared to other fonts of the same nominal size. -@PP -The @Code "tabin" and @Code "tabout" options are the subject of -Section {@NumberOf tabs}. After them come six options giving the -particular font faces in which to print identifiers, keywords, operators, -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.identifiers @SubIndex { @Code "identifiers" option } -identifiers.programs @Index { @Code "identifiers" option (programs) } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.keywords @SubIndex { @Code "keywords" option } -keywords.programs @Index { @Code "keywords" option (programs) } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.operators @SubIndex { @Code "operators" option } -operators.programs @Index { @Code "operators" option (programs) } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.numbers @SubIndex { @Code "numbers" option } -numbers.programs @Index { @Code "numbers" option (programs) } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.strings @SubIndex { @Code "strings" option } -strings.programs @Index { @Code "strings" option (programs) } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.comments @SubIndex { @Code "comments" option } -comments.programs @Index { @Code "comments" option (programs) } -numbers, strings, and comments. {@Code "Base"} means the basic face; other -commonly available choices are {@Code "Slope"} and {@Code "Bold"}. These -options may all be set to different faces if desired. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_perl b/doc/doc/user/prg_perl deleted file mode 100644 index e1fa0d6..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_perl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Notes on Perl and Pod } - @Tag { prg_perl } -@Begin -@PP -The Perl programming language -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.perl @SubIndex { Perl problems } -perl.programs @Index { Perl problems (programs) } -@FootNote { My thanks to Mark Summerfield for help with Perl and Pod. } -is quite a difficult one for the @Code { prg2lout } program to deal with, -and our boast that programs can be included with `absolutely no -modifications' is not quite true for Perl. -@PP -Here is the complete list of problem areas. In most cases their -effect is to get the formatting wrong over a short region, which is not -perhaps so disastrous; and it should be easy to modify your Perl program -without changing its meaning, to work around these problems. After all, -in Perl there is always more than one way to do it. -@NumberedList - -@LI { -@I Here-documents such as -@ID @Verbatim { -<<"EOF" -These lines will be read as though -enclosed in double quotes -EOF -} -will be handled correctly only if the string appearing immediately after -the @Perl { << } operator (that is, the string used to terminate the -here-document) is one of @Perl { EOF }, @Perl { EOT }, @Perl { END }, -and the empty string, all optionally enclosed in quotes of any of the -three kinds. If this condition is not met, then the here-document will -be treated as Perl program text. If the condition is met, there is still -another problem: the @Perl { << } symbol and everything after it on the -same line will be treated (incorrectly) as a string. The worst consequence -of this is that stacked here-documents will not be printed properly. -} - -@LI { -When @Code { prg2lout } is scanning the program text looking for the -beginning of a lexical unit, it may come upon a @Code "/" character, -and this @I initial @Code "/" (not subsequent ones in the same lexical -unit) it finds difficult to interpret, since it may be the beginning -of a regular expression, to be formatted like a string, or it may be a -complete lexical unit denoting division. The program chooses the regular -expression (or equivalently, string) interpretation if the @Code "/" -character is immediately preceded by @Code { "q" }, @Code { "qq" }, -@Code { "qx" }, @Code { "qw" }, @Code { "qr" }, @Code { "m" }, -@Code { "s" }, @Code { "y" }, or @Code { "tr" }. It also chooses the -regular expression interpretation if the @Code "/" character appears -at the start of a line, or if it is immediately preceded by zero, one, -or two space or tab characters, which are themselves immediately preceded -by a complete lexical unit which is one of @Code { "(" }, @Code { "=" }, -@Code { "=~" }, @Code { "!~" }, @Code { "split" }, @Code { "if" }, -@Code { "and" }, @Code { "&&" }, @Code { "or" }, @Code { "||" }, -@Code { "not" }, @Code { "!" }, @Code { "unless" }, -@Code { "for" }, @Code { "foreach" }, and @Code { "while" }. Otherwise -it chooses the division interpretation. In the rare cases where this -rule fails, you can force @Code { prg2lout } to choose the regular expression -interpretation by placing an @Code { m } in front of the initial @Code "/" -(this does not change the meaning of the program), and you can force the -division interpretation by placing at least three spaces before the -@Code "/" character. -} - -@LI { -Substitution expressions, even such lexically complex ones as -@Perl { s{{@D}}[{@I}] }, are handled correctly. However, -@Code { prg2lout } does not understand that the letters @Code "gimosx" -in any combination appearing immediately after a substitution -expression are part of it; it treats them as the start of a new lexical -unit. This new unit will usually be taken to be an identifier, which -is harmless enough, but occasionally it is taken to be something -else. For example, in -@ID @Code @Verbatim { s///s; } -the trailing @Code "s" will be mistaken for the start of a new -substitution expression, with @Code ";" delimiting the first -pattern. This particular example can be fixed by inserting a -space before the semicolon. -} - -@EndList -Further work may eliminate some of these problems. -@PP -The Pod language is used by Perl programmers for creating documentation, -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.pod @SubIndex { Pod problems } -pod.programs @Index { Pod problems (programs) } -and may be found within Perl programs or standing alone. Lout supports -both arrangements without any special action by the user. At the -beginning of the @Code perl setup line, the following line has been placed: -@ID @Code "@SysInclude { pod }" -Thus, asking for Perl always gives you Pod as well. If you are using -your own setup files for both languages, it is probably better to -break this connection by deleting this line from your copy of the -@Code perl setup file and placing -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Include { mypod }" -"@Include { myperl }" -} -at the start of your document in the usual way. -@PP -Because Pod is a documentation language rather than a programming -language, the setup file options listed in Section {@NumberOf cpsetup} -do not really apply. So for Pod only these have been discarded and replaced -by a completely different set of options, controlling such things as -the size of headings and the gaps between list items, which you can -find documented in the @Code { pod } setup file. -@PP -If you ask for line numbers on a Pod program, or on a Perl program that -contains Pod, any text blocks in the Pod that would otherwise have -appeared as filled paragraphs will come out with the line breaks in -the source respected, and lines numbered accordingly. Because -@Code "prg2lout" attaches line numbers before Lout breaks paragraphs, -it is not possible to number the lines after paragraph breaking. -@PP -Owing to problems behind the scenes, if a Pod inclusion in a Perl -program has unbalanced braces, @Code "prg2lout" is forced to insert -braces into the Pod text to make them balance. It will insert a -left brace directly before any unbalanced right brace, and it will -insert right braces at the end of the Pod inclusion to balance any -preceding unbalanced left braces. It will tell you if it has to do -this. This problem does not afflict Pod when used as a separate language. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_pipe b/doc/doc/user/prg_pipe deleted file mode 100644 index ea45fbd..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_pipe +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Reading and selecting program text from separate files } - @Tag { pipes } -@Begin -@PP -We have said that program text within @Code "@CP { ... }" and the other -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.include @SubIndex { @Code "@Include" within } -include.programs @Index { @Code "@Include" within programs } -symbols is passed directly to @Code prg2lout for analysis. However, -there is an exception. The program text may contain an -@Code "@Include" or @Code "@SysInclude" command, which, as for the -@Code "@Verbatim" symbol (Section {@NumberOf verbatim}), causes Lout -to take the program text from a file: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Eiffel" -"{" -" @Include { \"/usr/staff/jeff/Eiffel/hash.e\" }" -"}" -} -The included file is not examined for balanced braces or @Code "@End" or -{@Code "@Include"}; it is treated entirely verbatim and passed straight -on to {@Code prg2lout}. There may be several @Code "@Include" commands, -and any amount of program text as well, within @Code "@CP { ... }" and -the rest. -@PP -When including files in this way it often happens that only part of an -actual program file is wanted for display. Rather than placing the -wanted part in a separate file, which is error-prone and tedious when -the program is changing, Unix users can use the @Code "pipe" option -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.pipe @SubIndex { @Code "pipe" option } -pipe.programs @Index { @Code "pipe" option (programs) } -to pipe the entire file through an arbitrary sequence of Unix commands, -which may be used to make the wanted selection before the program text -is passed to {@Code prg2lout}. -@PP -For example, suppose that all your Eiffel routines begin with the -routine name one tab stop from the left margin and end at the first -following @Eiffel { end } indented two tab stops. Then -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Eiffel" -" pipe { \"sed -n /^.insert/,/^..end/p\" }" -"{" -" @Include { \"/usr/staff/jeff/Eiffel/hash.e\" }" -"}" -} -will select just the @Eiffel { insert } routine from the @Code { hash.e } -file. Assuming that your program text has been laid out in a -disciplined manner, every line of the selection will begin with a -tab character that is not wanted in this display, so an even better -pipe is -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Eiffel" -" pipe { \"sed -n /^.insert/,/^..end/p | cut -c2-\" }" -"{" -" @Include { \"/usr/staff/jeff/Eiffel/hash.e\" }" -"}" -} -since it cuts away the unwanted tab characters. Unfortunately, we -can't show the result of this on an actual example, since that would -prevent this manual from being formatted on a non-Unix system. -@PP -When using @Code "pipe" it is also possible to omit {@Code "@Include"} -and use the pipe to get the file as well as select from it: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Eiffel pipe { \"cat /usr/staff/jeff/Eiffel/hash.e | sed -n /^.insert/,/^..end/p | cut -c2-\" } {}" -} -This pipes nothing into the {@Code cat} command, which does no harm. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_prog b/doc/doc/user/prg_prog deleted file mode 100644 index 398dd29..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_prog +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Embedding program text within program comments } - @Tag { cpp_prog } -@Begin -@PP -The standard reference for the Eiffel language @Cite { $meyer1992eiffel } -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.programtext @SubIndex { program text in comments } -programtext.programs @Index { program text in program comments } -specifies that identifiers within comments may or should be enclosed -in ` and ' so that they may be noticed and printed in an italic -font: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@ID @Eiffel { -deposit(amount: REAL) is - -- deposit `amount' dollars -} -} -produces -@ID @OneRow @Eiffel { -deposit(amount: REAL) is - -- deposit `amount' dollars -} -This has been generalized in Lout: arbitrary text within an -Eiffel comment between ` and ' will be treated as Eiffel text and -printed accordingly. Some other languages may also offer this -feature: see the fifth column of the table at the start of this -chapter. In principle the precise means of getting it could vary -from language to language, but the languages available at the moment -either do not have it at all, or else they use ` and ' like Eiffel. -@PP -On the subject of Eiffel, the Eiffel reference @Cite { $meyer1992eiffel } -has some quite detailed style guidelines, and these have been closely -followed in the implementation of the @Code "@Eiffel" symbol. In -particular, @Code "@Eiffel" prints dots larger than usual when they -denote feature calls, as the example @OneCol @Eiffel { account.deposit(20) } -shows. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/prg_tabs b/doc/doc/user/prg_tabs deleted file mode 100644 index f3ffa67..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/prg_tabs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Dealing with tab characters in programs } - @Tag { tabs } -@Begin -@PP -Tab characters provide a convenient way to indent and align parts of -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.tab.characters @SubIndex { tab characters } -tab.characters.programs @Index { tab characters in programs } -computer programs. With care, this alignment can be preserved in the final -print even with varying-width fonts. -@PP -The distance between two tab stops in the program text is by default taken -to be 8 characters, which is standard for Unix. This can be changed with -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.tabin @SubIndex { @Code "tabin" option } -tabin.programs @Index { @Code "tabin" option (programs) } -the @Code "tabin" option. For example, -@ID @Code "@CP tabin { 4 }" -informs Lout that tab stops occur every 4 characters in the program -text. All the symbols ({@Code "@CP"}, {@Code "@Eiffel"}, etc.) and -their setup files have this option and the next; but to save repetition -we will stick with C for the rest of this section. -@PP -The distance between two tab stops on the printed page is quite a different -thing, and it is determined by the value of the @Code "tabout" option, which -programs. @RawIndex { programs } -programs.tabout @SubIndex { @Code "tabout" option } -tabout.programs @Index { @Code "tabout" option (programs) } -must be a Lout length. For example, -@ID @Code "@CP tabout { 0.5i }" -requests that tab stops be placed at half-inch intervals. In other -words, a distance of one tab stop in the program text will be equivalent to a -distance of half an inch on the printed page. For example, -@ID @Code "@CP style { varying } tabout { 3f } numbered { Yes }" -might produce the following, where tab characters in the program text -have been used for indenting and also to align the comments: -@ID @OneRow @CP style { varying } tabout { 3f } numbered { Yes } { -struct tnode { /* the basic node */ - char *word; /* points to the text */ - int count; /* number of occurrences */ - struct tnode *left; /* left child */ - struct tnode *right; /* right child */ -}; -} -We've used @Code "numbered { Yes }" to demonstrate that the features -for dealing with tabs work even with line numbers. The value {@Code "3f"} -means three times the current font size, and it is the default value of -@Code "tabout" for the @Code { varying } and @Code { symbol } styles -(Section {@NumberOf cpsetup}). In a 12 point font this is 36 points, -or half an inch. -@PP -If @Code "tabout" is too small, there is a danger that the -alignment might fail. For example, -@ID @Code "@CP style { varying } tabout { 0.2i }" -produces -@ID @OneRow @CP style { varying } tabout { 0.2i } { -struct tnode { /* the basic node */ - char *word; /* points to the text */ - int count; /* number of occurrences */ - struct tnode *left; /* left child */ - struct tnode *right; /* right child */ -}; -} -given the same C text as the previous example. The problem here is that -we are asking for @CP { /* } to appear four tab stops or 0.8 inches -from the left edge, and yet the material to its left on the line is -wider than this. This causes @CP { /* } to be shifted further to the -right than expected, and the alignment is lost. The only solution is -to increase {@Code "tabout"}. -@PP -When typesetting computer program texts independently of any document, -there are @Code "-t" and @Code "-T" options to the @Code "prg2lout" -program equivalent to @Code "tabin" and @Code "tabout" respectively. For -example, @Code "-T0.5i" produces a half-inch tab width. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ref b/doc/doc/user/ref deleted file mode 100644 index baf81e7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ref +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { References } - @Tag { biblio } -@Begin -@LP -The simple way to make a list of references is to put them in a numbered -references. @Index { references } -or tagged list at the end of your document. If you use references only -rarely, that is probably the best way, but if you use them frequently this -chapter will save you hours of work in the long run. -@PP -Some good principles and many examples have been given by van Leunen -van.leunen. @Index { van Leunen, Mary-Claire } -@Cite { $vanleunen1992handbook }. Broadly speaking Lout follows her -recommendations, with some unification and scaling back as is inevitable -with software. Scribe @Cite { $reid1980scribe } -latex. @Index @LaTeX -scribe. @RawIndex Scribe -scribe.reference @SubIndex { reference formatting } -and @LaTeX @Cite { $lamport1986latex } followed the first edition of the -same source. -# , so translation from Scribe and @LaTeX references is -# fairly straightforward. -@BeginSections -@Include { ref_sett } -@Include { ref_cite } -@Include { ref_labe } -@Include { ref_entr } -@Include { ref_chan } -@Include { ref_crea } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ref_chan b/doc/doc/user/ref_chan deleted file mode 100644 index d346de3..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ref_chan +++ /dev/null @@ -1,241 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the appearance of citations and the reference list } - @Tag { changeref } -@Begin -@PP -By default, citations appear like this @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }, -and the reference list appears like the one at the end of this -document, with the entries numbered, and sorted by their @Code "@Tag" -options. This section explains how to change all this, by setting -options in the setup file. -@PP -For a general introduction to setup files and their options, see -Section {@NumberOf setup}. Here we just describe the setup -file options that relate to references. Here they are, with their -default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@MakeReferences { Yes } -@RefCiteStyle { [cite] } -@RefCiteLabels { @RefNum } -@RefNumbers { Arabic } -@RefListFormat { Labels } -@RefListLabels { [@RefNum] } -@RefListTitle { references } -@ChapRefListTitle { references } -@RefListIndent { 0c } -@RefListRightIndent { 0c } -@RefListGap { 1.00v } -@RefListFont { } -@RefListBreak { } -@RefListLabelWidth { 2.00f } -@RefListSortKey { @Tag } -} -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.makereferences @SubIndex { @Code "@MakeReferences" } -makereferences.references @Index { @Code "@MakeReferences" (references) } -Setting @Code "@MakeReferences" to @Code "No" will cause Lout to ignore -all citation symbols and omit all reference lists. -@PP -@Code "@RefCiteStyle" and @Code "@RefCiteLabels" combine to -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.refcitestyle @SubIndex { @Code "@RefCiteStyle" } -refcitestyle.references @Index { @Code "@RefCiteStyle" (references) } -determine the appearance of citations. The result of each @Code "@Cite" -symbol is the value of @Code "@RefCiteStyle" with the @Code "cite" -symbol replaced by the object following the @Code "@Cite" symbol. For -example, the default value shown above encloses each citation in -brackets. The @Code "cite" symbol must appear exactly once within -{@Code "@RefCiteStyle"}. -@PP -@Code "@RefCiteLabels" determines the appearance of each label within -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.refcitelabels @SubIndex { @Code "@RefCiteLabels" } -refcitelabels.references @Index { @Code "@RefCiteLabels" (references) } -the citation. Within it, the @Code "@RefNum" symbol will produce the -number of the reference, and you may also use any of the options of the -@Code "@Reference" symbol listed at the beginning of Section -{@NumberOf entries}: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@RefCiteLabels { @RefNum }" } - B { [3] } -@Rowa - A { "@RefCiteLabels { @Label }" } - B { [Kin93] } -@Rowa - A { "@RefCiteLabels { @Author, @Year }" } - B { [Jeffrey H. Kingston, 1993] } -} -The value of @Code "@RefCiteLabels" may be any object. The @Code "@Label" -symbol will produce the @Code "label" option of @Code "$" or @Code "@Ref" -if there is one, rather than the @Code "@Label" option of the reference; -this @Code "label" option is explained in Section {@NumberOf labelled}. -@PP -@Code "@RefNumbers" determines the kind of numbering produced by the -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.refnumbers @SubIndex { @Code "@RefNumbers" } -refnumbers.references @Index { @Code "@RefNumbers" (references) } -@Code "@RefNum" symbol used within @Code "@RefCiteLabels" above and -@Code "@RefListLabels" below. Its value may be {@Code Arabic}, -{@Code Roman}, {@Code UCRoman}, {@Code Alpha}, or {@Code UCAlpha}, as -usual for numbering in Lout. If you don't use {@Code "@RefNum"}, -@Code "@RefNumbers" has no effect. -@PP -The remaining eleven setup file options are all concerned with the -appearance of the reference list. The first, {@Code "@RefListFormat"}, -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistformat @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListFormat" } -reflistformat.references @Index { @Code "@RefListFormat" (references) } -determines the overall format of the list. Here is what its four -@NoCite { $strunk1979style } possible values do: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @OneCol B } - vmargin { 0.3v } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@RefListFormat { NoLabels }" } - B { @RefPrint strunk1979style } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@RefListFormat { Labels }" } - B { 2f @Wide {{@NumberOf strunk1979style}.} | @RefPrint strunk1979style } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@RefListFormat { DropLabels }" } - B { {@NumberOf strunk1979style}. //1vx - 2f @Wide {} | @RefPrint strunk1979style - } -@Rowa -@Rowa - A { "@RefListFormat { InLabels }" } - B { {@NumberOf strunk1979style}. &2s @RefPrint strunk1979style } -} -@Code "@RefListFormat" is not concerned with the appearance of the -labels and references, only with where they appear. -@PP -@Code "@RefListLabels" determines the appearance of the labels in the -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistlabels @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListLabels" } -reflistlabels.references @Index { @Code "@RefListLabels" (references) } -reference list (and so has no effect if @Code "@RefListFormat" is -{@Code "NoLabels"}). It is a combination of @Code "@RefCiteStyle" -and {@Code "@RefCiteLabels"}; you can use @Code "@RefNum" and all the -options of @Code "@Reference" within it. The default value, -@ID @Code "@RefListLabels { @RefNum. }" -produces a numbered reference list in the style of -{@Code "@NumberedList"}. Another useful value is -@ID @Code "@RefListLabels { [@Label] }" -which produces the @Code "@Label" option of the reference, or the -@Code "label" option of the citation if there is one, enclosed in -brackets. If you do switch to non-numeric labels you will need to -either use @Code "DropLabels" or else increase the -@Code "@RefListLabelWidth" option described below. -@PP -@Code "@RefListTitle" determines the heading placed just before the -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflisttitle @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListTitle" } -reflisttitle.references @Index { @Code "@RefListTitle" (references) } -reference list at the end of the document: -@ID @Code "@RefListTitle { Further Reading }" -Two special values, @Code "references" and {@Code "bibliography"}, -produce References and Bibliography in English and their equivalents -in other languages. @Code "@ChapRefListTitle" is the same as -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.chapreflisttitle @SubIndex { @Code "@ChapRefListTitle" } -chapreflisttitle.references @Index { @Code "@ChapRefListTitle" (references) } -{@Code "@RefListTitle"}, but applied to the reference list at the end -of each chapter of a book when @Code "@ChapCite" is used. -@PP -{@Code "@RefListIndent"}, {@Code "@RefListRightIndent"}, and -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistindent @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListIndent" } -reflistindent.references @Index { @Code "@RefListIndent" (references) } -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistrightindent @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListRightIndent" } -reflistrightindent.references @Index { @Code "@RefListRightIndent" (references) } -{@Code "@RefListGap"} determine the left indent, right indent, and gap -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistgap @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListGap" } -reflistgap.references @Index { @Code "@RefListGap" (references) } -between reference list items, analogously to the {@Code "indent"}, -{@Code "rightindent"}, and {@Code "gap"} options of the @Code "@List" -symbol (Section {@NumberOf lists}). @Code "@RefListFont" and -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistfont @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListFont" } -reflistfont.references @Index { @Code "@RefListFont" (references) } -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistbreak @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListBreak" } -reflistbreak.references @Index { @Code "@RefListBreak" (references) } -@Code "@RefListBreak" determine the font and -paragraph breaking style of the reference list. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@RefListFont { -2p } -@RefListBreak { 1.2fx outdent } -} -switches to a smaller size with outdented paragraphs (these work well -with {@Code NoLabels}). The empty default values produce the same -font and break style as in the document as a whole. -@PP -@Code "@RefListLabelWidth" determines the distance from the left -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistlabelwidth @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListLabelWidth" } -reflistlabelwidth.references @Index { @Code "@RefListLabelWidth" (references) } -edge of the labels to the left edge of the references, when -@Code "@RefListFormat" is @Code Labels or {@Code DropLabels} (it -has no effect when @Code "@RefListFormat" is @Code NoLabels or -{@Code "InLabels"}). This is different to {@Code "@RefListIndent"}, -which determines the distance from the edge of the column to the -left edge of the item. -@PP -Particular care is needed when @Code "@RefListFormat" -is @Code Labels and the labels are non-numeric, for then if the -labels are too wide they will overstrike the references. The default -value, {@Code 2.00f}, is twice the current font size. It may be -changed to any length (Section {@NumberOf objects}). Regrettably, -Lout is not clever enough to choose a good value by itself. -@PP -Finally, @Code "@RefListSortKey" determines the sorting key used when -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reflistsortkey @SubIndex { @Code "@RefListSortKey" } -reflistsortkey.references @Index { @Code "@RefListSortKey" (references) } -sort.ref @Index { sorting of reference lists } -ordering the reference list. The default value, -@ID @Code "@RefListSortKey { @Tag }" -sorts by tag. Another possibility is to sort by the -@Code "@Label" option: -@ID @Code "@RefListSortKey { @Label }" -As usual @Code "@Label" will use the value of a @Code "label" option -to the citation if there is one. To sort by order of first citation, use -@ID @Code "@RefListSortKey { @CiteOrder }" -@Code "@CiteOrder" is implemented in a quick and dirty way, and there -are a couple of problems to watch out for if you use it. First, -when you cite references more than once you get some strange -intermediate error messages and results. All such problems will -be gone by the end of the fifth run. Second, if you insert -more citations later on, you will need to restart the whole process, -by deleting the cross reference index file {@I lout.li}, since any -late insertions get erroneously stuck on the end instead of inserted -in the correct order. If things go haywire, delete {@I lout.li} then -do five runs and they should be right again. -@PP -@Code "@RefListSortKey" may be any sequence of words -and options from the @Code "@Reference" symbol, but not @Code "@RefNum" -for obvious reasons. A possible more elaborate sorting key is -@ID @Code "@RefListSortKey { @Author:@Year:@Tag }" -sorting first by author, then by year within each author, and finally -by tag. However you -are supposed to choose tags which have this effect, and that is more -reliable since the modern practice is to put the authors' surnames -after their given names. There seems to be little practical use for -sorting keys other than {@Code "@Tag"}, {@Code "@Label"}, and -{@Code "@CiteOrder"}. -@PP -A colon within the @Code "@RefListSortKey" option is converted by Lout -into a character smaller than any printable character, which ensures that -the sorting is carried out separately on the three fields. It is essential -that the sort key uniquely identify the reference, because if two sort -keys are equal only one of the references will be printed. The easiest -way to ensure this is to always include @Code "@Tag" in the sort key. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ref_cite b/doc/doc/user/ref_cite deleted file mode 100644 index c2ea68c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ref_cite +++ /dev/null @@ -1,100 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Citation } - @Tag { citation } -@Begin -@PP -To cite one or more references, use the @Code "@Cite" symbol like this: -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.cite @SubIndex { @Code "@Cite" } -cite.references @Index { @Code "@Cite" (references) } -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -This feature is beyond our scope @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert, page 97 }. -} -The following object must be enclosed in braces. It may be an arbitrary -object as usual. Within it the @Code "$" character is a symbol with a -special meaning: it causes a citation to be made of the reference whose -@Code "@Tag" option is the word following the @Code "$" symbol: -@ID { -This feature is beyond our scope @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert, page 97 }. -} -The reference itself will appear automatically in a reference list at -the end of the document, and the citation(s) will be enclosed in brackets -as shown. There is no need to write @Code "${kingston1995lout.expert}," -as would normally be the case, because within @Code "@Cite" special -arrangements are made to prevent commas and semicolons from being a -nuisance. -@PP -A reference may be cited many times, but it will appear in the -reference list only once. The references will ordinarily be sorted by -tag and labelled with Arabic numbers, although this can be changed by -setting options in the setup file (Section {@NumberOf changeref}). -@PP -In books, there is a @Code "@ChapCite" symbol which is -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.chap.cite @SubIndex { @Code "@ChapCite" } -chap.cite.references @Index { @Code "@ChapCite" (references) } -the same as @Code "@Cite" except that its references come out at the -end of the current preface, introduction, chapter, or appendix. -@PP -A citation may appear in a footnote, figure, table, or index entry. -The reference will appear in the first reference list after the -citation point, or if none, in the closest preceding reference list. -This is fine in documents with just one reference list; but when -using @Code "@ChapCite" in books, if the citation point appears -after the intended reference list (because the footnote or figure -has floated past the reference list at the end of the chapter), -the reference will come out in the wrong list. -@PP -Although it is frowned upon by the authorities, some people include -references which are not cited anywhere in the body of their document. For -this there is {@Code "@NoCite"}: -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.no.cite @SubIndex { @Code "@NoCite" } -no.cite.references @Index { @Code "@NoCite" (references) } -@ID @Code { -"... our scope @NoCite { $kingston1995lout.expert $kingston1993lout.design }." -} -produces -@ID { -... our scope @NoCite { $kingston1995lout.expert $kingston1993lout.design }. -} -with the @Code "@NoCite" symbol and any preceding space removed. The -references nevertheless appear in the reference list as usual. If -you put commas between the references inside @Code "@NoCite" you -will get commas in the output (so don't). There -is a @Code "@NoChapCite" symbol that combines @Code "@NoCite" and -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.no.chap.cite @SubIndex { @Code "@NoChapCite" } -no.chap.cite.references @Index { @Code "@NoChapCite" (references) } -{@Code "@ChapCite"}. For compatibility with previous versions of Lout, -there is a @Code "@Ref" symbol: -ref. @Index { @Code "@Ref" (references) } -@ID @Code "@Ref kingston1995lout.expert" -is the same as @Code "@Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }" without the -brackets. There are analogous {@Code "@ChapRef"}, {@Code "@NoRef"}, -and {@Code "@NoChapRef"} -chap.ref @Index { @Code "@ChapRef" (references) } -no.ref @Index { @Code "@NoRef" (references) } -no.chap.ref @Index { @Code "@NoChapRef" (references) } -symbols, which are not recommended. -@PP -The @Code "@RefPrint" symbol will print a reference on the spot: -resume. @Index { resumes } -curriculum. @Index { curriculum vitae } -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.refprint @SubIndex { @Code "@RefPrint" } -refprint.references @Index { @Code "@RefPrint" (references) } -@ID @Code "@RefPrint kingston1995lout.expert" -has result -@ID @RefPrint kingston1995lout.expert -unrelated to any reference list. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Heading { Journal Articles } -@NumberedList -@LI @RefPrint kingston1985tree -... -@LI @RefPrint kingston1993lout.design -@EndList -} -might appear in someone's resume. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ref_crea b/doc/doc/user/ref_crea deleted file mode 100644 index 7a01ac9..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ref_crea +++ /dev/null @@ -1,134 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Creating your own entry types and formats } - @Tag { refstyles } -@Begin -@PP -Although the options of @Code "@Reference" ({@Code "@Tag"}, -{@Code "@Type"}, {@Code "@Author"}, etc.) are fixed, you can add your -own reference types and change the formatting of existing types. To -do this you must use your own setup file, as explained in -Section {@NumberOf setup}. At the end of the setup file is this line: -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.refstyle @SubIndex { @Code "@RefStyle" } -refstyle.references @Index { @Code "@RefStyle" (references) } -@ID @Code "@SysDatabase @RefStyle { refstyle }" -This tells Lout to consult a database file of reference styles called -{@Code "refstyle.ld"}. These are not references, they are formatting -styles, one for each reference type. The @Code "Sys" in @Code "@SysDatabase" -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.sysdatabase @SubIndex { @Code "@SysDatabase" } -sysdatabase.references @Index { @Code "@SysDatabase" } -means that this file is stored in the @I { Lout system database directory }, -system.database.dir @Index { system database directory } -refstyle.ld.file @Index { @Code "refstyle.ld" file} -which is where all the standard databases are kept. To change the -formatting of a reference type, or to add your own types, you need to -create your own reference styles database file by copying and modifying -{@Code "refstyle.ld"}. -@PP -To find out the name of the Lout system database directory, type the -Unix command -@ID @Code "lout -V" -Then, supposing that the Lout system database directory is -{@Code "/usr/lout/data"}, type -@ID @Code "cp /usr/lout/data/refstyle.ld mystyle.ld" -to copy @Code "refstyle.ld" into your -mystyle.ld.file @Index { @Code "mystyle.ld" file} -directory, renamed {@Code "mystyle.ld"}. Since @Code "refstyle.ld" -is read-only, you may need to change @Code "mystyle.ld" -to be writable (@Code "chmod +w mystyle.ld" in Unix). Now replace -@ID @Code "@SysDatabase @RefStyle { refstyle }" -at the end of your setup file by -@ID @Code "@Database @RefStyle { mystyle }" -and Lout will read its reference styles from @Code "mystyle.ld" instead -of {@Code "refstyle.ld"}. Since the two are at -present identical, this has changed nothing so far; but now any changes -you make to @Code "mystyle.ld" will affect your document. Changing -@Code "@SysDatabase" to @Code "@Database" makes Lout search your -current directory for {@Code "mystyle.ld"}, whereas @Code "@SysDatabase" -searches only the system directory. -@PP -In practice you will probably want to store your database of reference -styles in some library directory, so that it can be used by -many documents. A Unix pathname is appropriate for this: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { @Database @RefStyle { "/usr/jeff/lib/mystyle" } } -Quotes are needed because of the @Code "/" characters. -@PP -The database entries within @Code "refstyle.ld" and @Code "mystyle.ld" -might look something like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ Book @RefStyle @Style - { @Reference&&reftag @Open - { - @Author. @I @Title. @Publisher, @Year. - } - } -} -} -The first two lines are beyond our scope, except that @Code "Book" -identifies this as the entry defining how references of type -@Code Book appear. Apart from this one word these lines are the -same in every reference style, so you don't need to understand -them. The important part is in the middle: -@ID @Code "@Author. @I @Title. @Publisher, @Year." -The meaning should be clear: first print the author option and a full -stop, then the title option and another full stop in italics, and so -on. To change the @Code Book format, change this object. To create -a new reference type, copy the whole entry, change @Code Book to a -new name of your choice, and change the middle part. Delete index -file @Code "mystyle.li" (if there is one) so that Lout knows to -regenerate it. -@PP -Although the entry shown above is perfectly viable, the real entry for -@Code Book is much more complicated, in part because there are more -options than those basic four, but mainly because the real entry goes -to great lengths to do the right thing when options are omitted: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B } -{ -@Rowa A { "{ Book @RefStyle @Style" } -@Rowa A { " { @Reference&&reftag @Open" } -@Rowa A { " {" } -@Rowa A { " { @Author. {}" } B { "} @If @Author" } -@Rowa A { " { @I @Title" } B { "} @If @Title" } -@Rowa A { " { @Word&¬itle" } B { "} @If @Not @Title" } -@Rowa A { " { , @Pinpoint" } B { "} @If @Pinpoint" } -@Rowa A { " { , @Word&&pages @NumSep @Pages" } B { "} @If @Pages" } -@Rowa A { " { , @Word&&page @NumSep @Page" } B { "} @If @Page" } -@Rowa A { " { . @TitleNote" } B { "} @If @TitleNote" } -@Rowa A { " { . @HowPublished" } B { "} @If @HowPublished" } -@Rowa A { " { . @Publisher" } B { "} @If @Publisher" } -@Rowa A { " { . @Organization" } B { "} @If @Organization" } -@Rowa A { " { . @Institution" } B { "} @If @Institution" } -@Rowa A { " { , @Address" } B { "} @If @Address" } -@Rowa A { " { . @Edition" } B { "} @If @Edition" } -@Rowa A { " { , @Month @Year" } B { "} @If @Year @And @Month" } -@Rowa A { " { , @Year " } B { "} @If @Year @And @Not @Month" } -@Rowa A { " { ." } B { "} @If @True" } -@Rowa A { " { {} URL @URL." } B { "} @If @URL" } -@Rowa A { " { {} @Note" } B { "} @If @Note" } -@Rowa A { " }" } -@Rowa A { " }" } -@Rowa A { "}" } -} -The meaning is that each object to the left of an @Code "@If" will be -printed only if the condition to the right of the @Code "@If" is -true. The condition may contain options, which are considered to be -true if they are not omitted (non-empty), and it may contain {@Code "@And"}, -{@Code "@Or"}, {@Code "@Not"}, and @Code "@True" with the usual precedence -and meaning. Sub-conditions may be enclosed in braces if desired, although -it is best to keep the conditions as simple as possible given the -complexity of the whole setup. -@PP -The objects subject to @Code "@If" are printed with no preceding space; -any space in the result will be from space within them, not between -them. This is why @Code "@If @True" is not redundant. -@PP -The object @Code "@Word&¬itle" produces @Code "No title" in the -current language; @Code "@Word&&pages" produces {@Code pages} in the -current language, and so on. Consult database @Code "standard.ld" for -standard.ld.file @Index { @Code "standard.ld" file } -other standard words and phrases, and page {@PageOf numsep} for -{@Code "@NumSep"}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ref_entr b/doc/doc/user/ref_entr deleted file mode 100644 index e5949fc..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ref_entr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,314 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Constructing database entries } - @Tag { entries } -@Begin -@PP -Here is the complete, fixed list of options that you may give to the -@Code "@Reference" symbol: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.47vx } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "{ @Reference" } -@Rowa - A { " @Tag {}" } - B { Used to cite this reference } -@Rowa - A { " @Type {}" } - B { The type of reference, for example {@Code Book}, {@Code Article} } -@Rowa - A { " @Abstract {}" } - B { Not used, intended to hold an abstract } -@Rowa - A { " @Address {}" } - B { The address of a publisher, organization, or institution } -@Rowa - A { " @Annote {}" } - B { Not used, intended for annotations } -@Rowa - A { " @Author {}" } - B { The author(s) or editor(s) } -@Rowa - A { " @Day {}" } - B { The day of the month, for newspaper articles } -@Rowa - A { " @Edition {}" } - B { The edition, for example @Code "Second Edition" } -@Rowa - A { " @HowPublished {}" } - B { How something strange has been published } -@Rowa - A { " @InAuthor {}" } - B { The author of the work that the cited work appears within } -@Rowa - A { " @InTitle {}" } - B { The title of the work that the cited work appears within } -@Rowa - A { " @Institution {}" } - B { The institution or school } -@Rowa - A { " @Journal {}" } - B { The journal name } -@Rowa - A { " @Keywords {}" } - B { Not used, intended to hold keywords } -@Rowa - A { " @Label {}" } - B { The label of a labelled reference } -@Rowa - A { " @Month {}" } - B { The month of publication or writing } -@Rowa - A { " @Note {}" } - B { Any additional helpful information } -@Rowa - A { " @Number {}" } - B { The number of a technical report } -@Rowa - A { " @Organization {}" } - B { The organization sponsoring the work } -@Rowa - A { " @Page {}" } - B { Page number if only one, for example @Code "23" } -@Rowa - A { " @Pages {}" } - B { Page numbers if more than one, for example @Code "23--47" } -@Rowa - A { " @Pinpoint {}" } - B { A point or part of the work, for example @Code "Chapter VI" } -@Rowa - A { " @Publisher {}" } - B { The publisher of the work } -@Rowa - A { " @Title {}" } - B { The title of the work } -@Rowa - A { " @TitleNote {}" } - B { Additional title information (series, editor, etc.) } -@Rowa - A { " @TRType {}" } - B { The type of a technical report, for example @Code "Research Note" } -@Rowa - A { " @URL {}" } - B { The URL of the reference } -@Rowa - A { " @Volume {}" } - B { The volume of a journal } -@Rowa - A { " @Year {}" } - B { The year of publication or writing } -@Rowa - A { "}" } -} -Every reference may contain any of these options, although, depending -on the {@Code "@Type"} option, only some will be printed. You can't give -an option twice; in particular, multiple authors must be placed -within one @Code "@Author" option, arranged as you want them to appear. Here -is the complete set of values that you may give to the @Code "@Type" option: -@ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code C ! @Col @Code D } -{ - @Rowa - A { Book } - B { TechReport } - C { Article } - D { InBook } - @Rowa - A { Proceedings } - B { MastersThesis } - C {} - D { InProceedings } - @Rowa - A { PhDThesis } - B { Misc } - C {} - D {} -} -Each column represents one broad category of reference type: the first -contains large works; the second contains small works not appearing -within anything else (although possibly part of a series); the third -contains small works appearing within an ongoing forum for such works; -and the fourth contains small works appearing within large works. In each -case, the reference may be to the work as a whole, or to one point or part -of it (known as pinpointing). -@PP -Some care is needed when choosing the @Code "@Tag" option, since references -are both cited and sorted by tag. It is best to choose a three-part -tag consisting of the first author's surname and possibly initial, the -year of publication, and a brief reminder of the contents: -@ID @Code "@Tag { kingston1995lout.expert }" -Keep to lower-case letters, since mixed cases confuse the sorting, and -give the full four digits of the year to avoid trouble in the year -2000. Multi-word tags are possible but not recommended. -@PP -Unusually for Lout, you can have unquoted @Code "/" and @Code "~" -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.url @SubIndex { @Code "@URL" } -url.references @Index { @Code "@URL" (references) } -characters inside the @Code "@URL" option: -@ID @Code "@URL { ftp://ftp.cs.su.oz.au/jeff/lout }" -In fact it is better not to use quotes because then Lout will -be able to break lines at @Code "/" characters, which is very useful -since URLs tend to be long and prone to causing bad line breaks. -@PP -Since the types within each broad category are similar, our plan is to -give one example of each and briefly note how the others differ. Here -is a @Code Book entry showing all its options: -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.book @SubIndex { @Code Book reference type } -book.references @Index { @Code "Book" reference type } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ @Reference - @Tag { homer.odyssey } - @Type { Book } - @Author { Homer } - @Title { The Odyssey } - @TitleNote { Translated by E. V. Rieu } - @Pinpoint { Chapter VI } - @Pages { 102--111 } - @Page { 102 } - @Publisher { Penguin Books } - @Address { Harmondsworth, Middlesex } - @Edition { Penguin Classics Edition } - @Month { August } - @Year { 1942 } - @Note { The date of composition is unknown, -but is thought to be about the tenth century BC. } -} -} -And here is what it produces: -@ID @RefPrint homer.odyssey -The only compulsory options are {@Code "@Tag"}, {@Code "@Type"}, and -{@Code "@Title"}, and Lout will carefully adjust the formatting to the -right thing when you omit others. A basic book would have just -{@Code "@Tag"}, {@Code "@Type"}, {@Code "@Author"}, {@Code "@Title"}, -{@Code "@Publisher"}, and {@Code "@Year"} options. -@PP -@Code Proceedings is similar, except you -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.proceedings @SubIndex { @Code Proceedings reference type } -proceedings.references @Index { @Code "Proceedings" reference type } -may have an @Code "@Organization" or @Code "@Institution" option for -the sponsoring organization if you wish, and the author will either be -absent or an editor: -@ID @Code "@Author { P. W. Lamb, editor }" -There is no option specifically for editors, translators, and so forth. -@PP -@Code PhDThesis is very similar again, with @Code "@Institution" -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.phdthesis @SubIndex { @Code PhDThesis reference type } -phdthesis.references @Index { @Code "PhDThesis" reference type } -instead of {@Code "@Publisher"}, and the phrase `Ph.D. thesis' -appearing by magic in the right spot. Like all words and phrases -introduced automatically by Lout, it will be translated into the current -language if this is not English. -@PP -Moving now to the second broad category, here is a typical {@Code TechReport}: -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.techreport @SubIndex { @Code TechReport reference type } -techreport.references @Index { @Code "TechReport" reference type } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ @Reference - @Tag { christofides1976tsp } - @Type { TechReport } - @Author { Christofides, N. } - @Title { Worst-case analysis of a new heuristic -for the travelling salesman problem } - @Number { 388 } - @Institution { Graduate School of Industrial -Administration, Carnegie-Mellon University } - @Address { Pittsburgh, PA } - @Year { 1976 } -} -} -Here is the result: -@ID @RefPrint christofides1976tsp -The two novelties here are the @Code "@Number" option, which is the -number of the report, and the `Tech. Rep.' phrase. If you -need some other phrase instead, use the @Code "@TRType" option: -@ID @Code "@TRType { Programmer's Manual }" -or whatever. The phrase will be `Master's Thesis' in the -current language for type {@Code MastersThesis}, and absent in type -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.mastersthesis @SubIndex { @Code MastersThesis reference type } -mastersthesis.references @Index { @Code "MastersThesis" reference type } -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.misc @SubIndex { @Code Misc reference type } -misc.references @Index { @Code "Misc" reference type } -{@Code Misc}. You may use the pinpointing options ({@Code "@Pinpoint"}, -{@Code "@Page"}, and {@Code "@Pages"}) and {@Code "@TitleNote"}, -{@Code "@Month"}, and {@Code "@Note"} in the same way as for books. -@PP -Journal articles are referenced by journal name, volume, number, and -page(s): -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.article @SubIndex { @Code Article reference type } -article.references @Index { @Code "Article" reference type } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ @Reference - @Tag { kingston1993lout.design } - @Type { Article } - @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Title { The design and implementation of the -Lout document formatting language } - @Journal { Software---Practice and Experience } - @Volume { 23 } - @Pages { 1001--1041 } - @Year { 1993 } -} -} -The result of this is -@ID @RefPrint kingston1993lout.design -All are optional, as usual. Notice that @Code "@Pages" and @Code "@Page" -refer to the whole article so are not available for pinpointing here, -but you may still use {@Code "@Pinpoint"}. -@PP -Finally, small works that appear within large works have @Code "@Author" -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.inbook @SubIndex { @Code InBook reference type } -inbook.references @Index { @Code "InBook" reference type } -and @Code "@Title" options for the work itself, and @Code "@InAuthor" and -@Code "@InTitle" for the work that it appears within: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ @Reference - @Tag { rieu1942intro } - @Type { InBook } - @Author { E. V. Rieu } - @Title { Introduction to @I { The Odyssey } } - @InAuthor { Homer } - @InTitle { The Odyssey } - @Publisher { Penguin } - @Year { 1942 } -} -} -@Code "@InAuthor" would often be absent or an editor. The result is -@ID @RefPrint rieu1942intro -The other options are as for large works. Type @Code InProceedings is -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.inproceedings @SubIndex { @Code InProceedings reference type } -inproceedings.references @Index { @Code "InProceedings" reference type } -similar to {@Code InBook}. -@PP -A database usually has a long life, and some day it might find itself -used in a document whose language is not the one its original compiler -had in mind. So a truly meticulous compiler of database entries would -enclose @I all language-specific options in -@Code "@Language" symbols: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ @Reference - @Tag { zimand1986size.sets.strings } - @Type { Article } - @Author { French @Language { M. Zimand } } - @Title { English @Language { On the topological size of sets of random strings } } - @Journal { German @Language { Zeitschr. f. math. Logik und Grundlagen d. Math. } } - @Volume { 32 } - @Pages { 81--88 } - @Year { 1986 } -} -} -(My apologies to M. Zimand if he or she is not French.) This ensures -correct hyphenation whatever the language of the document in which the -reference appears. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ref_labe b/doc/doc/user/ref_labe deleted file mode 100644 index 1cc5644..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ref_labe +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Labelled (as opposed to numbered) references } - @RunningTitle { Labelled references } - @Tag { labelled } -@Begin -@PP -Lout ordinarily assigns a number to each reference, and prints this -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.labelled @SubIndex { labelled } -labelled.references @Index { labelled references } -number beside the reference in the reference list and at the point(s) -of citation. There is a way to make Lout use a label of your choice -instead of a number for each reference. First change the following -setup file options to the values shown (these options are explained -in Section {@NumberOf changeref}): -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@RefCiteLabels { @Label } -@RefListLabels { @Label. } -@RefListLabelWidth { 4.00f } -@RefListSortKey { @Label } -} -Then make sure that every reference you cite has a {@Code "@Label"} option: -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.label @SubIndex { @Code "@Label" } -label.references @Index { @Code "@Label" (references) } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ @Reference - @Tag { kingston1995lout.expert } - @Type { TechReport } - @Label { Kin94 } - ... -} -} -@Code "@Label" may contain several words, and even font changes, but not -an arbitrary object. -@PP -The effect of these changes is that your references will now be labelled -with their @Code "@Label" options instead of with numbers, and they will -be sorted by label instead of by tag. However, tags are still used when -citing. -@PP -The big problem with labels is that they vary from document to -document, either because of a change of style or because the usual -first few letters of the authors' names plus year has to be augmented -with {@Code a}, {@Code b}, {@Code c} etc. to distinguish publications -by the same authors in the same year. To help you overcome these -problems, the @Code "$" symbol has a @Code "label" option: -@ID @Code { -"@Cite { $ label { Kin94a } kingston1995lout.expert, ... }" -} -The @Code "@Ref" and @Code "@ChapRef" symbols also have a @Code label -option. If you use this option, it will be used to label the reference -instead of the @Code "@Label" option from the @Code "@Reference" symbol -(indeed, the @Code "@Reference" symbol need have no @Code "@Label" option -in this case). But note that using @Code "label" does not itself give -you labelled references; you get them with the setup file options as -explained above. -@PP -If your labels turn out to be too wide for the space allowed for them -in the reference list, you have two alternatives. One is to increase -the @Code "@RefListLabelWidth" setup file option shown above, since it -determines this space. The other is to change the @Code "@RefListFormat" -setup file option to {@Code "DropLabels"}, which produces drop items: -@ID @OneRow { -@RawTaggedList -@DTI { Kin94a. } @RefPrint kingston1995lout.expert -@RawEndList -} -Then it won't matter how wide your labels are. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/ref_sett b/doc/doc/user/ref_sett deleted file mode 100644 index e053ec2..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/ref_sett +++ /dev/null @@ -1,114 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Setting up a bibliographic database } - @Tag { databases } -@Begin -@PP -The basic idea is to store your references in a separate -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.database.files @SubIndex { database.files } -database.files.references @Index { database files of references } -@I { database file }, in a form which does not include formatting -details such as font changes. This makes it easy to use the same -references in many documents, and it leaves the formatting to Lout. Here -is an example of a reference as it would appear in a database file: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -{ @Reference - @Tag { vanleunen1992 } - @Type { Book } - @Author { Mary-Claire van Leunen } - @Title { A Handbook for Scholars } - @Publisher { Oxford } - @Edition { Revised Edition } - @Year { 1992 } -} -} -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.reference @SubIndex { @Code "@Reference" } -reference.references @Index { @Code "@Reference" (references) } -@Code "@Reference" is a symbol, and {@Code "@Tag"}, {@Code "@Type"}, -{@Code "@Author"}, and so on are its options. The database file as -a whole consists of a sequence of references, each enclosed in braces -as shown. -@PP -The @Code "@Tag" option is compulsory: since you cite a reference by -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.tag @SubIndex { @Code "@Tag" } -tag.option. @RawIndex { @Code "@Tag" option } -tag.option.in.references @SubIndex { in references } -giving its tag, there must be one. The @Code "@Type" option is also -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.type @SubIndex { @Code "@Type" option } -type.references @Index { @Code "@Type" (references) } -compulsory, since it says whether the reference is to a book, a journal -article, or whatever, and this determines what other options are -required. Section {@NumberOf entries} describes all the types provided -by Lout, and Section {@NumberOf refstyles} explains how to add your own. -@PP -Lout database file names must end in {@Code ".ld"}, so now suppose that -you have made one called -ld.file @Index { @Code ".ld" file } -refs.ld.file @Index { @Code "refs.ld" file } -@Code "refs.ld" and put it in the same directory as your document. Next, -place -@ID @Code "@Database @Reference { refs }" -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.database @SubIndex { @Code "@Database" } -database.references @Index { @Code "@Database" (references) } -at the start of your document, just before {@Code "@Doc"}, -{@Code "@Document"}, {@Code "@Report"}, or whatever. Alternatively, -you may place it at the end of your setup file. It informs Lout that -you might be referring to @Code "@Reference" symbols in database -@Code "refs" (that is, in file {@Code "refs.ld"}). -@PP -If you want to maintain a central database, used by many documents, you -won't want it in the same directory as any one of them. A Unix -pathname will be more appropriate: -@ID @Code "@Database @Reference { \"/usr/jeff/lib/refs\" }" -or whatever. Quotes are needed because of the @Code "/" characters. -A separate directory is probably safest anyway, since Lout creates -files ending in @Code ".ld" in the document directory when sorting out -cross references (Section {@NumberOf cross}), and clearing these out -using the Unix command -@ID @Code "rm lout.li *.ld" -will destroy your valuable database file if it is kept in the same -directory. -@PP -With the database file created and the @Code "@Database" line in place, -you are ready to start citing references. The first time that the -references. @RawIndex { references } -references.database.index.file @SubIndex { database index file } -database.index.file @Index { database index file } -index.file @Index { index file } -database is used, Lout will create an @I { index file } whose purpose -is to speed up the retrieval of your references. Thanks to this file -you can have hundreds or even thousands of references in your database, -without slowing Lout down very much. However, whenever you change your -database file @I { you must remove its corresponding index file }, so -that Lout knows to create it afresh. -@FootNote { -Lout may be able to use the last modification times of the database -and index files to decide whether the index file needs to be created -afresh, saving you the trouble of removing it. Type {@Code "lout -V"} -to find out whether this is true of your system. -} - The index file is stored in the -same directory as the database file, and it has the same name except -that it ends in @Code ".li" rather than @Code ".ld" (e.g. -li.file @Index { @Code ".li" file } -{@Code "refs.li"}). -@PP -If a separate database file is not convenient for some reason, perhaps -because you need a self-contained document in a single file, the -@Code "@Reference" symbols may be incorporated into the document -itself, anywhere that ordinary text may appear. Nothing will appear -where they are typed in, but Lout will notice them and treat them as if -they had come from a database file. In this case no @Code "@Database" -symbol is needed unless you are referring to a database as well. -@PP -You may have multiple databases, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Database @Reference { myrefs }" -"@Database @Reference { \"/usr/pub/refs/theoryrefs\" }" -} -Lout will search the databases in the order you list them. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str b/doc/doc/user/str deleted file mode 100644 index 1a285fb..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Documents With Structure } - @Tag { structure } -@Begin -@BeginSections -@Include { str_disp } -@Include { str_list } -@Include { str_foot } -@Include { str_marg } -@Include { str_theo } -@Include { str_figs } -@Include { str_larg } -@Include { str_cros } -@Include { str_cont } -@Include { str_glos } -@Include { str_indx } -@Include { str_colu } -@Include { str_defs } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_colu b/doc/doc/user/str_colu deleted file mode 100644 index 84e1a4c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_colu +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Multiple columns } - @Tag { columns } -@Begin -@PP -You can change the number of columns of text per page, and the width of -columns. @Index columns -multiple.columns @Index { multiple columns } -the gap between the columns, by changing these two setup file options: -columnnumber. @Index @Code "@ColumnNumber" -columngap. @Index @Code "@ColumnGap" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@ColumnNumber { 1 }" -"@ColumnGap { 1.00c }" -} -If you are using your own setup file (Section {@NumberOf setup}), you can -find and change them there. If not, @Code "@ColumnNumber" may be changed -at the beginning of your document (Section {@NumberOf ordinary}). -@PP -@Code "@ColumnNumber" may be any number between 1 and 10, with default -value 1 as shown, and @Code "@ColumnGap" may be any length (Section -{@NumberOf objects}). The column width is derived from these options -column.width @RawIndex { column width } -column.width.in.pages @SubIndex { in pages } -using the obvious formula -@ID @Math { columnwidth = { pagewidth - margins - -({@Code "@ColumnNumber"} - 1) times {@Code "@ColumnGap"} } -over @Code "@ColumnNumber" -} -You must ensure that this comes to something reasonable. -@PP -These two options do not apply to pages containing an index. For them -there are similar setup file options called @Code "@IndexColumnNumber" -and @Code "@IndexColumnGap" (Section {@NumberOf indexes}). -@PP -Most document types permit you to have multiple columns, but certain -things will be kept full width regardless of the @Code "@ColumnNumber" -option: figures and tables, chapter headings, and so on. The details -vary with the document type, so are deferred to Chapter {@NumberOf types}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_cont b/doc/doc/user/str_cont deleted file mode 100644 index f14cde7..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_cont +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Tables of contents } - @Tag { contents } -@Begin -@PP -Lout takes note of the titles of all your large-scale structure symbols -contents. @Index { contents, tables of } -tables.zzz.of.contents. @Index { tables of contents } -(Section {@NumberOf largescale}) and what pages they begin on, and it -uses this information to produce a table of contents like the one at -the start of the present document. It is totally automatic; you do -nothing. -@PP -Some details of the appearance of the table of contents, including -whether to make one or not, are controlled by options in the setup -file. The default setting is to make one in books but not to in -other types of documents, but by changing the setup file you can have -a table of contents in any type of document. -@PP -Section @NumberOf setup describes setup files in general and how to -change the options within them. The options relevant to tables of -contents and their default values are: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@MakeContents { No } -@ContentsGap { 0.2v } -@ContentsGapAbove { 0.8v } -@ContentsGapBelow { 0.0v } -@ContentsFont { Bold } -@ContentsPartGapAbove { 1.0v } -@ContentsPartGapBelow { 0.0v } -@ContentsFormat { number @DotSep title } -@ContentsLeader { .. } -@ContentsLeaderGap { 4s } -@ContentsRightWidth { 3f } -} -The @Code "@MakeContents" option may be @Code Yes or {@Code No}, and -makecontents. @Index @Code "@MakeContents" -determines whether a table of contents is made or not. Its default -value is @Code No but it is set to @Code Yes in the @Code book setup -file. -@PP -@Code "@ContentsGap" determines how much vertical space to leave -contentsgap. @Index @Code "@ContentsGap" -above each line of the table of contents, in addition to the usual -single line spacing; its value may be any length (Section -{@NumberOf objects}). The default value, {@Code "0.2v"}, is twenty -percent of the current inter-line spacing. -@PP -Some entries, such as those for chapters and appendices in books, are -more important than others. @Code "@ContentsGap" does not apply to these -entries; instead, @Code "@ContentsGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsGapBelow" -contentsgapabove. @Index @Code "@ContentsGapAbove" -contentsgapbelow. @Index @Code "@ContentsGapBelow" -are used above and below each of them, again in addition to the usual -single line spacing. @Code "@ContentsFont" also applies only to these -`major entries', and determines their font. The default value causes -them to appear in Bold. -@PP -@Code "@ContentsPartGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsPartGapBelow" are -like @Code "@ContentsGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsGapBelow", only -used before and after contents entries that denote book parts. -@PP -@Code "@ContentsFormat" determines the format of each entry of -contentsformat. @Index @Code "@ContentsFormat" -the table of contents. Within it, @Code number stands for the -number of the chapter, section, or whatever, and @Code title -for its title. The default value, {@Code "number @DotSep title"}, -produces the number followed by a dot, two spaces, and the title, -or just the title if there is no number. -@PP -@Code "@ContentsLeader" is the object which is repeated across the page -contentsleader. @Index @Code "@ContentsLeader" -to connect each entry with its page number; popular values are @Code ".." -and @Code "." and the empty object. @Code "@ContentsLeaderGap" determines -contentsleadergap. @Index @Code "@ContentsLeaderGap" -how far apart these objects are; the default value, {@Code "4s"}, is -four times the width of a space character. @Code "@ContentsLeaderGap" -may be {@Code "0s"}, but only if @Code "@ContentsLeader" is non-empty. -@PP -@Code "@ContentsRightWidth" reserves some -contentsrightwidth. @Index @Code "@ContentsRightWidth" -space at the far right for page numbers. Any entry wide enough to -intrude into this space is broken into two or more lines to keep it -clear. -@PP -In addition to these options, each document type has options that -determine which large-scale structure symbols will be listed in the -table of contents. For example, among the options to the -@Code "@BookSetup" symbol in the @Code book setup file are these: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@ChapterInContents { Yes }" -"@SectionInContents { Yes }" -"@SubSectionInContents { Yes }" -"@SubSubSectionInContents { No }" -"@AppendixInContents { Yes }" -"@SubAppendixInContents { Yes }" -"@SubSubAppendixInContents { No }" -} -Each may be either {@Code "Yes"} or {@Code "No"}; these default values -produce entries for everything except sub-subsections and sub-subappendices. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_cros b/doc/doc/user/str_cros deleted file mode 100644 index f00747d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_cros +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Cross references and links } - @Tag { cross } -@Begin -@PP -Cross references are a useful feature of documents, but they are a -cross.ref @Index { cross references } -problem for authors. Suppose that at one point of your document -you have -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal," -"that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights," -"that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness..." -} -and that at some other point, earlier or later, you have -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"The anti-slavery cause, founded as it was on the Declaration" -"of Independence (page 181), could appeal to patriotic as" -"well as moral sentiments..." -} -This is a @I { cross reference }, and the problem is that as the document -is revised, the Declaration of Independence might move to page 185, and -the cross reference must be found and changed. -@PP -Lout has a simple solution to this problem. Instead of writing the -pageof. @Index @Code "@PageOf" -page number, write -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"The anti-slavery cause, founded as it was on the Declaration" -"of Independence (page @PageOf { decl.of.ind }), could appeal to" -"patriotic as well as moral sentiments..." -} -instead, and at the point referred to, write -pagemark. @Index @Code "@PageMark" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"We @PageMark decl.of.ind hold these truths to be self-evident, that..." -} -Inserting @Code "@PageMark decl.of.ind" will not affect the result, -but Lout makes a note of the number of the page on which the word -preceding it appears, and inserts that number in place of -{@Code "@PageOf decl.of.ind"}. The tag, {@Code "decl.of.ind"}, may be -any simple word (actually Lout will accept a multi-word tag, but they -are very inconvenient and better avoided). The braces are there, as -usual, to control grouping: we don't want the following punctuation -characters in the tag. -@PP -One tag called @Code "last.page" is created automatically -"last.page.tag" @Index { @Code "last.page" tag } -for you. @Code "@PageOf last.page" gives the number of the last page -of the document. For example, the result for this document is -{@PageOf last.page}. -@PP -Cross referencing also applies to large-scale structure symbols such as -@Code "@Chapter" and @Code "@Section" (any symbol with a @Code "@Title" -option), as well as @Code { "@FootNote" }, @Code { "@EndNote" }, -@Code { "@Figure" }, @Code { "@Table" }, @Code { "@Floater" }, the -numbered display symbols, and @Code "@ListItem" and @Code "@DropListItem" -(but not @Code "@TagItem" and {@Code "@DropTagItem"}). Each of these -symbols has a @Code "@Tag" option: -tag.option. @Index { @Code "@Tag" option } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Section" -" @Title { Cross references }" -" @Tag { cross }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"Cross references are a useful ..." -} -Now you can use the @Code "@PageOf" symbol to find the -number of the page on which the symbol's result begins, and the -@Code "@NumberOf" symbol to find its number: -numberof. @Index @Code "@NumberOf" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"For further information on this point, please consult" -"Section @NumberOf cross (page @PageOf { cross })." -} -produces -@QD { -For further information on this point, please consult -Section @NumberOf cross (page @PageOf { cross }). -} -For symbols with a @Code "@Title" option (chapters, sections, etc.) -or a @Code "@Caption" option (@Code { "@Figure" }, @Code { "@Table" }, -and @Code { "@Floater" }) there is also the @Code "@TitleOf" symbol, -titleof. @Index @Code "@TitleOf" -which returns the value of the @Code "@Title" or @Code "@Caption" option: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"For further information on this point, please consult" -"the @TitleOf { cross } section." -} -produces -@QD { -For further information on this point, please consult -the @TitleOf { cross } section. -} -But this symbol won't work for footnotes, list items, and other -things without a title or caption. -@PP -For those with more expertise in using Lout, there is a -pageparityof. @Index @Code "@PageParityOf" -@Code "@PageParityOf" symbol which is very similar to @Code "@PageOf" -except that it returns one of the two words @Code "Odd" and @Code "Even" -instead of a page number, indicating whether the object it references is -printed on an odd or even page. For example, @Code "@PageParityOf cross" -produces @Code {@PageParityOf cross}. -@PP -Like all tags, the value of the @Code "@Tag" option should be a simple -word (although Lout does accept multi-word tags). Cross referencing of -list items yields just the number of the item, in Arabic, Roman, or -whatever; it does not include the surrounding parentheses or other -decorations introducted by the list's @Code "style" option. -@PP -To work cross references out, Lout has to process your document more -multiple.runs @Index { multiple runs, why needed } -than once, storing information between runs in special files it -creates whose names end in @Code ".li" and {@Code ".ld"}. -A complex document like this Guide requires five runs, but since every -run produces a perfectly good PostScript file suitable for proof reading, -in fact you need two runs to start with and one run per cycle of revision -thereafter, only one more than would have been necessary in any case. -@PP -The cross referencing system assumes that each Unix directory contains -directories @Index { directories, Lout files and } -only one Lout document (possibly spread over many files). If you keep -several documents in one directory you can turn off the cross referencing -with the @Code "-s" flag: -@ID @Code "lout -s simple > simple.ps" -Since this will cause question marks to replace footnote and section -numbers, and other products of cross referencing, it is only feasible -for simple documents. Alternatively, you can reset cross referencing -when switching from one document to another, by removing file -lout.li @Index { @Code lout.li file } -{@Code "lout.li"}. You should also remove this file if your document -changes radically -- from a report to a book, say. -@FootNote { -An unfortunate and long-standing bug causes Lout to crash occasionally -when reading from a cross-reference database -file that it wrote on the preceding run. The problem has to do with -mistakenly taking a literal word, or part of such a word, as an invocation -of a symbol. The crash will occur on the @I second run (because the -database file is written, not read, on the first run), and might be -accompanied by an error message mentioning routine @I { AttachEnv } or -@I { SetTarget }. You can make it happen, for example, by including -@ID @Code "pnformat @Index { watch me crash! }" -in your document -- the @Code pnformat tag, a literal word, will be -mistaken for the @Code pnformat option of @Code "@Index" by the -database reader. If this problem appears, try enclosing tags that you -entered recently in double quotes. Enclosing @Code pnformat above -in double quotes fixes the example problem. -} -@PP -PDF viewers and recent versions of PostScript viewers offer a high-tech -version of cross references called {@I links}, which allow the user to -click on, say, the entry for a section in a table of contents and be -immediately transported to the page on which that section begins. In -principle, anything could happen when a link is clicked on, but Lout -only offers two kinds of links: @I { internal links } that transport -the user to some page in the current document, and @I { external -links } that transports the user to a URL location on the World Wide Web. -@PP -Lout automatically makes an internal link out of every page number it -prints in the table of contents and in the index, and every reference -citation. You can also insert your own links, using the -@Code "@CrossLink" symbol like this: -@ID @Code "See cross @CrossLink { Section @NumberOf cross }" -The @Code "@CrossLink" symbol consumes two objects, one to its left and the -other to its right, and we'll explain each of these now. -@PP -The object on the right (@Code "Section @NumberOf cross" in our -example) can be an arbitrary Lout object: you don't have to have -@Code "@NumberOf" or @Code "@PageOf" inside it, although in practice -you often will, since it makes sense to put a low-tech link wherever -you have a high-tech one, for the benefit of readers of paper -versions. This object on the right is what is printed, so the -overall result in this example is -@ID { See cross @CrossLink { Section @NumberOf cross } } -But, beyond this, clicking anywhere on this object on the screen will -invoke the link, transporting the user to some other page. -@PP -The object on the left (@Code cross in our example) must be a tag -that is acceptable to the @Code "@PageOf" symbol described earlier -in this section. The link will transport the user who clicks on -it to the page that @Code "@PageOf" would point to if given that -tag. You can ensure that your tag is acceptable in the usual -ways: by using {@Code "@PageMark"}, or by giving the tag as the -@Code "@Tag" option of a chapter, section, etc. as described earlier -in this section. -@PP -A moment ago we said that the object to the right of @Code "@CrossLink" -is what is printed by the @Code "@CrossLink" symbol. This is true by -default, but there is a @Code "@CrossLinkFormat" option in the setup -files which allows you to change the appearance of this printed -object. (See Section {@NumberOf setup} for a general description -of setup files and their options.) The default value of -@Code "@CrossLinkFormat" is -@ID @Code "@CrossLinkFormat { @Body }" -Within the @Code "@CrossLinkFormat" option, the @Code "@Body" symbol -stands for the object to the right of {@Code "@CrossLink"}. It is -actually the value of @Code "@CrossLinkFormat" that is printed, so, -for example, changing it to -@ID @Code "@CrossLinkFormat { blue @Colour @Underline @Body }" -causes all link objects to be printed in blue and underlined. If -you want a special format just for one link, there is a @Code "@Format" -option to @Code "@CrossLink" that overrides {@Code "@CrossLinkFormat"}: -@ID @Code "cross @CrossLink @Format { @CurveBox @Body } { Section @NumberOf cross }" -You can also give the formatting you want directly, since the object -to the right of @Code "@CrossLink" can be an arbitrary Lout object: -@ID @Code "cross @CrossLink @CurveBox { Section @NumberOf cross }" -However, in this form the @Code "@CrossLinkFormat" setup file option -is still applied. -@PP -External links are obtained in much the same way as internal ones, -except that the symbol to use is @Code "@ExternalLink" and instead -of supplying a tag, you need to supply a URL: -@ID @Code { -"\"http://lout.wiki.sourceforge.net/\" @ExternalLink { Lout Home Page }" -} -Once again the result is the object to the right, modified by any -@Code "@Format" option; and there is an {@Code "@ExternalLinkFormat"} -setup file option that works in the same way as -{@Code "@CrossLinkFormat"}. This time, though, the effect is to -jump right out of your document to the given place on the World -Wide Web, if the software displaying your document is capable of it. -@PP -At present, the @Code "@CrossLink" and @Code "@ExternalLink" symbols -behave as though a @Code "@OneCol" symbol encloses the object to their -right. This means that that object is kept together on one line of any -enclosing paragraph, and inter-word spaces within it are not adjusted -along with the inter-word spaces of any enclosing paragraph. This -deficiency might be corrected in the future, but meanwhile it means -that it is best to keep your objects on the right short. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_defs b/doc/doc/user/str_defs deleted file mode 100644 index 7de300a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_defs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,133 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Defining new symbols } - @Tag { definitions } -@Begin -@PP -Whenever you find yourself typing something repeatedly, you can -definitions. @Index definitions -save time by defining your own personal symbol to stand for that -thing. For example, suppose you type `@Batlow' frequently. You -can define your own symbol, {@Code "@Batlow"} say, so that -@ID @Code { -"Concerning your crate supply contract with @Batlow, @Batlow wishes to ..." -} -produces -@ID { -Concerning your crate supply contract with @Batlow, @Batlow wishes to ... -} -You will never have to type @Batlow again. -@PP -Create a file called @Code "mydefs" in your current -mydefs.file @Index { @Code mydefs file } -directory, containing definitions like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"import @BasicSetup" -"def @Batlow { Batlow Food Distributors Pty. Ltd. }" -} -The meaning of the first line, {@Code "import @BasicSetup"}, will be -explained shortly. After that comes @Code "def" for `define,' then -the name of the symbol being defined, then its value between braces. -So this example defines a symbol called @Code "@Batlow" to stand for -the object following it between braces. Lout will read this file -during its setup phase (Section {@NumberOf setup}). Alternatively, you -can place definitions directly into your document files, following your -@Code "@SysInclude" lines and before {@Code "@Doc"}, {@Code "@Report"}, -or whatever symbol your document proper starts with. -@PP -Your symbols may have any names you wish made from letters and -{@Code "@"}. However, it is good practice to have exactly one -{@Code "@"}, at the start, and to choose distinctive names that -have no chance of being the same as the name of any existing -symbol. @Code "@Batlow" is a good choice, for example. -@PP -The object between braces is quite arbitrary; in particular, it may -contain symbols. For example, suppose you frequently need a small grey box: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"import @BasicSetup" -"def @GreyBox { @Box paint { lightgrey } {} }" -} -This defines a @Code "@GreyBox" symbol that produces {@GreyBox}. Most -of the symbols in this guide are from the @I {BasicSetup package}, -import. @Index @Code import -which is why @Code "import @BasicSetup" is required: it makes -these symbols available to the definition, and can actually be omitted -before definitions like the one for @Code "@Batlow" which do not use -any symbols. However it does no harm, so we place it in front of every -definition as a matter of course. -@PP -Later chapters of this guide introduce specialized symbols for producing -tables, equations, diagrams, graphs, and computer programs. You need a -different @Code "import" clause when using those symbols within a -definition, because they are not from the BasicSetup package. Examples -may be found in the chapters concerned. -@PP -Now suppose you frequently need a grey box, but enclosing different -things: @GreyBox ENTRY one moment, @GreyBox EXIT the next. You could -try omitting the @Code "{}" from the definition above, but that does -not work, because Lout notices the missing object while reading the -definition, and inserts an empty object in the usual way (Section -{@NumberOf empty}). -@PP -However, there is a way to define a @Code "@GreyBox" symbol so that -@Code "@GreyBox ENTRY" produces {@GreyBox ENTRY}, @Code "@GreyBox EXIT" -produces {@GreyBox EXIT}, and so on: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"import @BasicSetup" -"def @GreyBox right x { @Box paint { lightgrey } x }" -} -The addition of @Code "right x" immediately after the symbol's name -places @Code "@GreyBox" into that class of symbols, like {@Code "@I"} -and @Code {"@Box"}, which consume and transform the object to their -right. The @Code "x" in @Code "right x" means that the object to the -right will be referred to as @Code "x" within the definition. So in -@ID @Code "@GreyBox { Hello world }" -@Code "@GreyBox" consumes the following object, which becomes -{@Code "x"}, so that the value is -@ID @Code "@Box paint { lightgrey } { Hello world }" -which produces @GreyBox { Hello world }. -@PP -It is a good principle to choose symbol names that refer to what the symbol -is for, rather than how it does what it does. Here is a good example: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"import @BasicSetup" -"def @Poetry right x { lines @Break @I x }" -} -This kind of name is very pleasant to use: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@IndentedDisplay @Poetry {" -"Teach me to hear Mermaides singing," -"Or to keep off envies stinging," -" And finde" -" What winde" -"Serves to'advance an honest minde." -"}" -} -Most of Lout's symbols follow this principle. -@PP -You can define symbols that consume the object to their left as well -as the object to their right, as the {@Code "@Font"}, {@Code "@Break"}, -and {@Code "@Colour"} symbols do: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"import @BasicSetup" -"def @HeadingBox left x right y" -"{ @Box { @CentredDisplay @Heading x y }" -"}" -} -This takes three lines only because it is long; as usual, end of -line is the same as a space. Now -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"Cheating @HeadingBox {" -"The Department uses assignments ... of that student alone." -"}" -} -is much easier to type than the equivalent example in Section -{@NumberOf boxes}. The result is the same: -@QD Cheating @HeadingBox { -The Department uses assignments both as a teaching device and as a -major component of its assessment of each student. It therefore -requires that all programs, exercises etc. handed in bearing an -individual student's name be the work of that student alone. -} -Do not use a paragraph, display, or list symbol at the beginning or end -of a definition. The result is not what people who do it are hoping for. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_disp b/doc/doc/user/str_disp deleted file mode 100644 index fb968ac..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_disp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,94 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Displays } - @Tag { displays } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Display" symbol displays the following object in the centre -displays. @Index displays -display. @Index @Code "@Display" -of the page or column: -@ID @Code "@Display @I { Invitation to Afternoon Tea }" -has result -@Display @I { Invitation to Afternoon Tea } -Space is inserted automatically above and below the display; no -paragraph symbols are needed. -@PP -To display at the left margin instead of centred, use -leftdisplay. @Index @Code "@LeftDisplay" -{@Code "@LeftDisplay"} instead of {@Code "@Display"}. To indent -the display, use {@Code "@IndentedDisplay"} or {@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}; -indenteddisplay. @Index @Code "@IndentedDisplay" -quoteddisplay. @Index @Code "@QuotedDisplay" -the latter indents at the right margin as well as at the left. There are -also @Code "@CentredDisplay" and @Code "@CenteredDisplay" symbols which -centreddisplay. @Index @Code "@CentredDisplay" -centereddisplay. @Index @Code "@CenteredDisplay" -centre the display (like {@Code "@Display"}), and -rightdisplay. @Index @Code "@RightDisplay" -@Code "@RightDisplay" which right-justifies the display. -@PP -If you use displays frequently you might prefer abbreviated forms of -their names. These are made from @Code "@" and the capital letters of -d. @Index @Code "@D" -ld. @Index @Code "@LD" -id. @Index @Code "@ID" -qd. @Index @Code "@QD" -cd. @Index @Code "@CD" -the full name: {@Code "@D"}, {@Code "@LD"}, {@Code "@ID"}, {@Code "@QD"}, -and {@Code "@CD"}. Owing to a clash with the name of another symbol, -{@Code "@RightDisplay"} has no abbreviation. -@PP -Displays often need to be set using a different font, paragraph -breaking style, and so on to the surrounding text. It's best to set -out such displays like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@CentredDisplay @I clines @Break {" -"Invitation to Afternoon Tea" -"with" -"Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Newington-Smith" -"}" -} -You can have as many of these symbols as you like, including specialized -ones like {@Code "@CurveBox"} and {@Code "@Tbl"}. The only rule is that -the display symbol must come first: @Code "@I @Display ..." is wrong. -@PP -It's not a good idea to have one display immediately followed by -another one, because there will be too much vertical space between -them. Use a list instead (Section {@NumberOf lists}). Displays -at the ends of paragraphs look awkward and are best avoided. -@PP -A display may come out partly on one page or column and partly on -the next, if it has places where it obviously can be broken in two. For -example, a display which is an ordinary paragraph of text might be -broken in two between any two lines. To force a display to keep -together on one page or column, use the @Code "@OneRow" symbol like -this: @Code "@Display @OneRow { ... }". -@PP -Other display symbols produce aligned and numbered displays, and raw -displays (i.e. without vertical space). Although these can display any -object as usual, in practice they are used for mathematics, so they are -described in Section {@NumberOf mathdisplays}. -@PP -Three setup file options control the appearance of displays. (For a -general introduction to setup files and their options, consult -Section {@NumberOf setup}.) Here they are with their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@DisplayGap { 1.00v }" -"@DefaultIndent { 0.5rt }" -"@DisplayIndent { 2.00f }" -} -@Code "@DisplayGap" is the amount of vertical space inserted before and -display.gap. @Index @Code "@DisplayGap" -after displays, and may be any length (Section {@NumberOf objects}). The -default value, @Code {"1.00v"}, is equal to the current inter-line spacing. -@PP -@Code "@DefaultIndent" is the indent produced by -default.indent @Index @Code "@DefaultIndent" -{@Code "@Display"}; {@Code "0.5rt"} produces centring, although why it does -so is beyond our scope -@Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }. @Code "@DisplayIndent" is the -display.indent. @Index @Code "@DisplayIndent" -indent for {@Code "@IndentedDisplay"}, and (at both margins) for -{@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}. Its default value, {@Code "2.00f"}, is twice -the current font size. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_figs b/doc/doc/user/str_figs deleted file mode 100644 index 120331a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_figs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,291 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Figures and tables } - @Tag { figures } -@Begin -@PP -Figures are created in a similar way to footnotes: -figures. @Index { figures } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Figure" -" @Caption { Basser Lout }" -"@Diag vstrut { yes } treehsep { 1c } {" -" @HTree { @Box Lout @FirstSub arrow { yes } @Box PostScript }" -"}" -} -The @Code "@Figure" symbol places the following object (which in this -figure. @Index @Code "@Figure" -example is created using the {@Code "@Diag"} symbol from -Chapter {@NumberOf diagrams}) at the top of the following column or page, -@Figure - @Tag { figex } - @Caption { Basser Lout } -@Diag vstrut { yes } treehsep { 1c } { - @HTree { @Box Lout @FirstSub arrow { yes } @Box PostScript } -} -labelled by the @Code "@Caption" option and automatically numbered. You -captions. @RawIndex { captions } -captions.figures @SubIndex { in @Code "@Figure" and @Code "@Table" } -can see this example at the top of page {@PageOf figex}. Tables are -table. @Index @Code "@Table" -obtained in the same way using {@Code "@Table"} instead of {@Code "@Figure"}. -There is a third symbol called {@Code "@Floater"}. It won't be mentioned -again, but it works exactly like @Code "@Figure" and {@Code "@Table"}. -@PP -@Code "@Figure" and @Code "@Table" each have an @Code "@InitialLanguage" -option which determines the language of the figure or table. If this is -omitted, the language of the document as a whole will be used, not the -language where the figure or table occurs. -@PP -The two symbols also have a @Code "@CaptionPos" option, which determines -whether the caption appears above or below the figure or table. The -default is {@Code "Below"}, the alternative is {@Code "Above"}. -@PP -The question of what is a suitable running header to print on pages -containing figures and tables (possibly from different sections) is a -rather awkward one. On any page with a figure or table at the top, Lout -uses whatever running header was appropriate for the text on the previous -page. In practice it seems to work quite well. -@PP -If your document contains many figures, large figures, or multi-page -figures, you are likely to encounter cases where Lout's assignment of -figures to pages is not pleasing. In that case, you can improve things -by moving the figures around within the body text, and by using the -@Code "@Location" option of {@Code "@Figure"}, which determines -location. @Index @Code "@Location" -where the figure will appear. Its values are -@DP @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@FirstRowa - A { PageTop } - B { The figure will appear at the top of the following page, occupying -the full page width; or, if there is insufficient space there (owing to other -figures already present), at the top of the first subsequent page with -sufficient space. } -@Rowa - A { EvenPageTop } - B { Like @Code PageTop except that the first page of the figure -or table will be an even-numbered (left-hand or verso) page -- useful -for double-page spreads. } -@Rowa - A { FullPage } - B { Like {@Code PageTop} except that nothing else will appear on the -same page as the figure except the usual running headers and footers, and -possibly other @Code FullPage figures and tables. -@FootNote { This location replaces the @Code "@FullPage" option of -earlier versions of Lout, which has been withdrawn. } -} -@Rowa - A { EvenFullPage } - B { Like {@Code FullPage} except that the first page of the figure -or table will be an even-numbered (left-hand or verso) page, like -{@Code EvenPageTop}. -} -@Rowa - A { PageFoot } - B { The figure will appear at the foot of the current page, occupying -the full page width; or, if there is insufficient space there, at the top -of the following page and so on as for {@Code PageTop}. } -@Rowa - A { ColTop } - B { The figure will appear at the top of the following column, -occupying the column width; or, if there is insufficient space there, -at the top of the first subsequent column with sufficient space. This -is different from @Code PageTop only in multi-column documents. } -@Rowa - A { ColFoot } - B { The figure will appear at the foot of the current column, -occupying the column width; or, if there is insufficient space there, at -the top of the following column as for {@Code ColTop}. This differs -from @Code PageFoot only in multi-column documents. } -@Rowa - A { ColEnd } - B { The figure will appear in a column at the end of the document -(or chapter, appendix etc. in the case of books). There is no -corresponding @Code PageEnd value. -} -@Rowa - A { AfterLine } - B { The figure will appear as a column-width display immediately after -the line in the final printed document in which it occurs. } -@Rowa - A { TryAfterLine } - B { The same as @Code {AfterLine} unless there is insufficient space -in the current column to hold the displayed figure, in which case it -switches to @Code {ColTop} instead. } -@Rowa - A { Display } - B { The figure will appear as a display at the point it occurs. There -is no @Code TryDisplay value corresponding to {@Code Display}. } -@Rowa - A { Raw } - B { The figure will appear as an object, with no extra spacing, at -the point it occurs. This is useful, for example, for getting two figures -side by side in one display: use a displayed table containing two raw -figures. } -} -@DP -The @Code "@Table" symbol also has this option. The default location is -{@Code "PageTop"}, but this can be changed by changing the -figurelocation. @Index @Code "@FigureLocation" -tablelocation. @Index @Code "@TableLocation" -@Code "@FigureLocation" and @Code "@TableLocation" setup file options. -@PP -The numbers assigned to figures and tables, and their ordering in any list -of figures or tables, is based on where they appear in the final printed -document, not on where they appear in the source files. This is better for -the reader in the unusual case of a fixed figure being overtaken by a -floating one. If a section number is printed as part of a figure number, -and the figure floats forward from one section into another, the figure -number will reflect the later section, not the earlier one as it should. -You can fix this problem by moving the figure to an earlier point in -the section, or by not having section numbers in figures (see below). -@PP -@Code "@Figure" and @Code "@Table" each have a @Code "@OnePage" option, -whose value may be @Code "Yes" or {@Code No}. Setting @Code "@OnePage" -to @Code Yes causes the figure or table and its caption to be kept -together on one page or column (enclosing the body of the figure or table -in @Code "@OneRow" would have the same effect except that it would not -incorporate the caption, hence the need for this option). You need to be -certain that the whole assembly will fit on one page when setting -@Code "@OnePage" to {@Code "Yes"}. If it doesn't, Lout should warn you -with a message such as -@ID @Code "25.3c object too high for 23.4c space; will try elsewhere" -giving the size of the oversize object and the size of the space it -failed to fit into; but (unfortunately) it does not given a clear -indication of whether trying elsewhere succeeded or not. When you -see this message you need to check for yourself whether the figure was -actually printed or not; it may mean merely that the figure was put -back to a later page than the first possible one. -@PP -The @I default value of the @Code "@OnePage" option for each figure or -table depends on the value of its @Code "@Location" option as follows: -@ID @OneRow @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col @Code B } -{ -@Rowa - A { No } - B { PageTop ColTop ColEnd Raw } -@Rowa - A { Yes } - B { PageFoot ColFoot Display AfterLine TryAfterLine } -} -These choices represent a guess that figures that the user is happy to -see at the page foot or in a display are probably going to be small enough -to keep on one page, but that other figures may not be. In any case, these -are only default values and you may set @Code "@OnePage" as you wish. -@PP -By default, the body of the figure will be centred, and this usually looks -best, at least for small figures. @Code "@Figure" and @Code "@Table" each -have a @Code "@Format" option which controls this format: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Figure" -" @Format { @CurveBox @HExpand @CC @Body }" -} -Within the @Code "@Format" option, the @Code "@Body" symbol stands for the -body of the figure or table; it must appear exactly once. Display symbols -such as @Code "@CentredDisplay" may not be applied to the {@Code "@Body"} -symbol; instead, there are {@Code "@II"}, {@Code "@QQ"}, {@Code "@CC"}, and -{@Code "@RR"}, which indent, quote, centre, or right-justify the following -object. The example just given centres the figure inside a @Code "@CurveBox" -which is horizontally expanded (by the @Code "@HExpand" symbol, which is not -specific to figures) to occupy the full width of the page or column, rather -than fitting snugly around the figure. -@PP -Although @Code "@CC" will always centre the figure or table, occasionally -it underestimates the amount of space available to centre in, and hence -the figure or table appears only partly centred, or even left -justified. This occurs when nothing on the page extends the full -width of the page. If this problem occurs, use -@ID @Code "@Format { @HExpand @CC @Body }" -The @Code "@HExpand" symbol expands the space available to the following -object to the maximum possible amount, so that the centring is with respect -to the full available width as desired. -@PP -The @Code "@Format" option applies to just the body of the figure, not to -its caption. It applies to each page or column of a multi-page or -multi-column figure; for example, the above format will draw a box around -each page of a multi-page figure, and each page will be separately centred. -@Code "ColEnd" and @Code "Raw" figures are exceptions to this rule: they -always apply the format to the figure as a whole. This means that you cannot -box multi-page figures of these two types, since the result would be an -unbreakable object too large to fit on one page. -@PP -There are setup file options for controlling the appearance of figures and -tables. Only those for figures will be given here, since the ones for tables -are identical except that @Code Table replaces @Code Figure in their -names. Here they all are: -@FootNote { These are as of Version 3.15 and above. Prior to that -there were {@Code "@CaptionFont"}, {@Code "@CaptionBreak"}, and -{@Code "@CaptionFormat"} options, and {@Code "@CaptionFormat"} -took values that did not include the @Code "caption" symbol. } -@ID @OneCol @Code { -"@FigureLocation { PageTop }" -"@FigureFormat { @CC @Body }" -"@FigureWord { figure }" -"@FigureNumbers { Arabic }" -"@FigureCaptionPos { Below }" -"@FigureCaptionFont { }" -"@FigureCaptionBreak { }" -"@FigureCaptionFormat { @B { word @NumSep number. &2s } @Insert caption }" -"@MakeFigureContents { No }" -"@FigureListWord { figurelist }" -} -@Code "@FigureLocation" is the default value of the @Code "@Location" -option of figures. Changing it, for example to -{@Code "FullPage"}, changes the location of all figures at -once. You may still override this location for any individual figure, -however, by giving that figure a @Code "@Location" option. In a similar way, -figureformat. @Index @Code "@FigureFormat" -tableformat. @Index @Code "@TableFormat" -@Code "@FigureFormat" is the default value of the @Code "@Format" -option (this shows why figures are centred by default) and -figurecaptionpos. @Index @Code "@FigureCaptionPos" -tablecaptionpos. @Index @Code "@TableCaptionPos" -@Code "@FigureCaptionPos" is the default value of {@Code "@CaptionPos"}. -@PP -@Code "@FigureWord" determines the word that is part of the figure -number. The default value, {@Code figure}, produces `Figure' or its -equivalent in the current language; any other value produces itself. -@PP -@Code "@FigureNumbers" -figurenumbers. @Index @Code "@FigureNumbers" -tablenumbers. @Index @Code "@TableNumbers" -determines whether figures are -numbered automatically or not; the choices are -{@Code "None"}, {@Code "Arabic"}, {@Code "Roman"}, {@Code "UCRoman"}, -{@Code "Alpha"}, and {@Code "UCAlpha"}. Depending on the document -type and where the figure or table occurs, the number might include -a chapter number as well. This is determined by options in the -setup file for your document type; for example, -@ID @Code "@SectionNumInFigures { No }" -appears in the @Code "report" setup file, and means that a section -number will not appear in the figure number (unless you change the -option to {@Code Yes}). -@PP -@Code "@FigureCaptionFont" and @Code "@FigureCaptionBreak" determine the -font and paragraph breaking style used in the captions of figures. Their -default values are empty, meaning to use the initial font and break styles; -but, for example, you could have -@ID @Code "@FigureCaptionFont { -2p }" -in your setup file to get a smaller font size in your captions. -@PP -The @Code "@FigureCaptionFormat" option determines the format of the -caption. Within it, the symbol @Code word stands for the `Figure' -word as defined by {@Code "@FigureWord"}; the @Code number -symbol stands for the number of the figure; and @Code caption stands -for the body of the caption. The default value shown above prints -the word and number and a period in bold, inserted together with a -gap of two spaces into the first paragraph of the caption. If you -don't use the @Code "@Insert" symbol you'll run into problems with -multi-paragraph captions. -@PP -You can get a list of figures at the start of your document by setting -the @Code "@MakeFigureContents" setup file option to {@Code Yes}. The -format of these lists will follow the format of tables of contents. These -lists are only available in books (Section {@NumberOf books}). The -title printed above the list of figures is determined by the -@Code "@FigureListWord" option; the default value, {@Code "figurelist"}, -produces `List of Figures' or its equivalent in the current language; any -other value produces itself. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_foot b/doc/doc/user/str_foot deleted file mode 100644 index 2eea124..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_foot +++ /dev/null @@ -1,154 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Footnotes and endnotes } - @Tag { footnotes } -@Begin -@PP -A footnote is created by typing -footnote. @Index @Code "@FootNote" -@ID @Code "@FootNote { Like this. }" -after the word that the footnote refers to. It will be numbered -automatically and placed at the foot of the page or column; -@FootNote { Like this. } -or, if space there is insufficient, it may start on or run onto the -following page or column. The footnote must be enclosed in braces. -@PP -The @Code "@FootNote" symbol has a @Code "@Location" option which -determines where it goes: -@ID @Code { -"@FootNote" -" @Location { ColFoot }" -"{ ... }" -} -places the footnote at the bottom of the column, and -@ID @Code { -"@FootNote" -" @Location { PageFoot }" -"{ ... }" -} -places it at the bottom of the current page, occupying the full page -width even in a multi-column document (this is occasionally -useful for footnotes to headings). Of course, in a single-column -document there is no difference anyway. The default value of the -@Code "@Location" option is {@Code "ColFoot"}. -@PP -Endnotes work in exactly the same way as footnotes, except that the -endnote. @Index @Code "@EndNote" -symbol to use is @Code "@EndNote" and they appear either at the end -of the document or at the end of some major part of it, depending on -the type of document (Chapter {@NumberOf types}). Endnotes are -always column width and so have no @Code "@Location" option. -@PP -Footnotes are usually labelled with consecutive Arabic numberals, but -you can tell Lout to label a footnote (not an endnote) with something -else, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@FootNote - @Label { @Dagger } -{ This footnote will be labelled with a dagger, not a number. } -} -whose result should appear at the bottom of this page. -@FootNote - @Label { @Dagger } -{ This footnote will be labelled with a dagger, not a number. } -Symbols commonly used for footnote labels include @Code "@Dagger" (@Dagger), -@Code "@DaggerDbl" (@DaggerDbl), @Code "@Star" (@Star), -@Code "@SectSym" (@SectSym), and @Code "@ParSym" (@ParSym), -but you can use any object. If you want no label at all, -use an empty object like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@FootNote - @Label {} -} -Footnotes with a @Code "@Label" option are excluded from the automatic -numbering that applies to other footnotes. -@PP -The language of a footnote or endnote will be the language of the -document as a whole. This is not necessarily the same as the -current language at the point where the footnote or endnote occurs, -or even the language of the enclosing large-scale structure symbol. It -may be necessary to enclose the body of the footnote in a language -symbol, like this: -@ID @Code "@FootNote { French @Language { ... } }" -Doing it the other way ({@Code "French @Language @FootNote ..."}) is -not effective. -@PP -A footnote attached to the very last line of a chapter or appendix of -a book occasionally runs onto the first page of the following chapter -or appendix, and this looks very poor. If this happens, the solution -is to place an @Code "@LP" after the last line (including the footnote). -@PP -In the rare case where more than one footnote is attached to one word, -use @Code "@AnotherFootNote" for the second and subsequent footnotes: -anotherfootnote. @Index @Code "@AnotherFootNote" -@ID @Code { -"something or other." -"@FootNote { The first footnote. }" -"@AnotherFootNote { The second footnote. }" -} -This ensures that the superscripts will be separated by -commas, as convention demands. -@PP -The setup file contains a number of options for controlling the -appearance of footnotes. (See Section @NumberOf setup for a general -introduction to setup files and their options.) Here are all the -options, with their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@FootNoteThrough { No }" -"@FootNoteLocation { ColFoot }" -"@FootNoteNumbers { Arabic }" -"@FootNoteFont { 0.80f }" -"@FootNoteBreak { 1.20fx }" -"@FootNoteFormat { { number &0.05f } @Insert body }" -"@FootLen { 2.00c }" -"@FootAboveGap { 1.00v }" -"@FootGap { 0.20c }" -} -There are also setup file options for controlling endnotes. Since -they are quite similar to the ones for footnotes, we won't say any -more about them here. -@PP -@Code "@FootNoteThrough" may be @Code "Yes" or @Code { "No" }; -footnotethrough. @Index @Code "@FootNoteThrough" -@Code "Yes" means that the footnotes are numbered continuously -through the document (or through each chapter in the case of books); -@Code "No" means that the numbering begins afresh on each -page. @Code "@FootNoteLocation" determines the default value of -footnotelocatin. @Index @Code "@FootNoteLocation" -the @Code "@Location" option mentioned above; it may be either -@Code "ColFoot" or {@Code "PageFoot"}. -@PP -@Code "@FootNoteNumbers" determines how the footnotes are numbered; -footnotenumbers. @Index @Code "@FootNoteNumbers" -it may be {@Code Arabic}, {@Code Roman}, {@Code UCRoman}, {@Code Alpha}, -or {@Code UCAlpha}, which give the obvious results. It may also be -{@Code Bullets}, which uses sequences of bullets to mark the footnotes, -as proposed by typographer Jan Tschichold, and it may be {@Code Symbols}, -which produces the traditional sequence of daggers and similar symbols. -@PP -@Code "@FootNoteFont" and @Code "@FootNoteBreak" determine the -footnotefont. @Index @Code "@FootNoteFont" -footnotebreak. @Index @Code "@FootNoteBreak" -font and paragraph breaking style of footnotes. The default value -of @Code "@FootNoteFont" produces the same font family and face as the -bulk of the document, but reduced to 0.8 times the original size. -@PP -@Code "@FootNoteFormat" determines the format of the footnote. The -@Code number symbol within it must appear exactly once, and is replaced -by the number of the footnote (if numbered). The @Code body symbol is -replaced by the body (that is, the content) of the footnote. The default -value shown uses symbols from raw Lout to add a small space at the right of -the number, then insert it at the beginning of the first paragraph of -the body. Another suitable value might be -@ID @Code "@FootNoteFormat { number |1fx body }" -which places the body in a separate column to the number, one -font width to the right of the left edge of the number. -@PP -@Code "@FootLen" determines the length of the small horizontal line -footlen. @Index @Code "@FootLen" -drawn above the footnotes; -@Code "@FootAboveGap" determines the minimum space to be left clear -footabovegap. @Index @Code "@FootAboveGap" -above this line; and @Code "@FootGap" determines the -footgap. @Index @Code "@FootGap" -vertical separation between footnotes. All three may be any length. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_glos b/doc/doc/user/str_glos deleted file mode 100644 index 03638cf..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_glos +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Glossaries } - @Tag { glossaries } -@Begin -@PP -A glossary -@FootNote { -The features described in this section are closely based on a -design by Thorsten Seitz. } -is a section at the end of a document containing terms -and their definitions, with a reference back to the page of the -document where each term is first used. It's similar to an index, -except that there are fewer entries and they are longer and more -spaced out -- for reading rather than just reference. -@PP -In order to get a glossary, you have to be using either the @Code book -or @Code report setup file, and you have to make your own copy of -the setup file (as described in Section {@NumberOf setup}) and change -the @Code "@MakeGlossary" option within it to {@Code "Yes"}. Lout -does not insert a glossary automatically. The glossary will appear -at the end of the document, immediately before any index. -@PP -To make an entry in the glossary, place something like this in -your main text at the point you are defining the term: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -Object @Glossary { -Part of a document occupying a rectangular area; -may be a simple word, or a collection of smaller -objects composed in arbitrary ways. -} -} -The object to the left of @Code "@Glossary" is the term being defined, -and the object to the right is its definition. Nothing will appear -in the main text where you put this, but the term will appear in the -glossary, accompanied by its definition and the page number of this spot. -@PP -The term should be just a word or a short sequence of words. The -definition may be as long and complex as you wish, containing -paragraphs, displays, and so on. -@PP -The glossary items will appear sorted alphabetically. You can use -the @Code "sortkey" option of @Code "@Glossary" to provide a separate -sorting key: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -{@Char florin} @Glossary sortkey { florin } { -The florin character. -} -} -This entry will appear in the list where things beginning with -@Code f do, not where the @Code florin character code would -place it. If you do this, since the term being defined is no -longer used as a sort key it is free to be an arbitrary object, not -restricted to be a word or a short sequence of words. -@PP -Creating a glossary entry does not automatically create an index -entry (Section {@NumberOf indexes}). If you want an index entry -for your glossary term as well (as you probably will) you need to -make that separately, and you will need to use a different tag -from the tag used by the glossary entry (which is either the term -being defined, or @Code sortkey if given). To make an index entry -that points into the actual glossary, which you also probably need, -just place your index entry somewhere inside the definition. -@PP -In your main text you may want to indicate to the reader that -some word or phrase appears in the glossary. For that there -is the @Code "@InGlossary" symbol: -@ID @Code "... where you can put one @InGlossary { object } ..." -The thing between braces does not actually have to be in the -glossary; @Code "@InGlossary" usually just changes the font, -by default to small capitals, and it does not change anything -unless @Code "@MakeGlossary" is {@Code Yes}. -@PP -The remainder of this section explains how to change the appearance -of the printed glossary, by setting options in the setup file. For -a general introduction to setup files and their options, see -Section {@NumberOf setup}; here we just explain how the particular -options relating to glossaries work. -@PP -Most of the glossary options appear within the @Code "@DocumentSetup" -@Code "@Use" clause. Here they are (except {@Code "@GlossaryFormat"} -which we'll discuss in a moment) with their default values: -@ID @Code @OneRow @Verbatim { -@MakeGlossary { No } -@GlossaryText { @Null } -@GlossaryFont {} -@GlossaryBreak {} -@GlossaryGap { @DisplayGap } -@GlossaryColumnNumber{ 2 } -@GlossaryColumnGap { 1.00c @OrIfPlain 6s } -@InGlossaryFont { smallcaps } -@InGlossaryFormat { @Body } -} -First comes {@Code "@MakeGlossary"}, which determines whether to -make a glossary, as we know. -@PP -{@Code "@GlossaryText"} is some arbitrary text that will be -placed before the first entry of the glossary. You can also -give this option to the @Code "@Book" and @Code "@Report" symbols, -and that would probably be the best place since such text is -usually part of the document content, not the setup. -@PP -@Code "@GlossaryFont" and @Code "@GlossaryBreak" are font and -break style options which are applied to each glossary entry. The -default values don't change the font or break style at all. -@PP -@Code "@GlossaryGap" determines the vertical separation between -one glossary entry and the next. You can give any length -(Section {@NumberOf objects}) here; the default is the gap used -around displays. -@PP -@Code "@GlossaryColumnNumber" and @Code "@GlossaryColumnGap" -determine the number of columns on glossary pages, and the -width of the gap between them. By default you get two columns -per page and a one centimetre gap (or six spaces in plain text -output), as for indexes (Section {@NumberOf indexes}). -@PP -@Code "@InGlossaryFont" and @Code "@InGlossaryFormat" determine -the appearance of the result of the @Code "@InGlossary" symbol. The -first changes the font; the second allows for more radical -formatting. Within it, {@Code "@Body"} stands for the object -following the {@Code "@InGlossary"} object, and you can do -anything you like with it here. For example, -@ID @Code "@InGlossaryFormat { @CurveBox @Body }" -would cause @Code "@InGlossary" to enclose the following -object in a curvebox (which would look horrible, of course). -The default values change to small capitals but nothing more. -@PP -{@Code "@GlossaryFormat"}, which we omitted earlier because -it is more complex, determines the format of each glossary -entry. Here it is with its default value: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@GlossaryFormat { - +3p @Font @S @Name @Right @I { @Word&&page @PageNum } - @DP - @RawIndentedDisplay @Body -} -} -We'll go through this bit by bit. -@PP -First, the value of the option is longer than usual so we have -spread it over three lines. There is nothing significant in -this; end of line is the same as a space to Lout, and we've -used three lines just to show the value clearly. -@PP -Within @Code "@GlossaryFormat" three symbols are made -available specially: -@QD @OneRow @Tbl - aformat { @Cell @Code A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@Name" } - B { Will be replaced by the term being defined } -@Rowa - A { "@PageNum" } - B { Will be replaced by the number of the page of the -spot where the @Code "@Glossary" symbol is placed } -@Rowa - A { "@Body" } - B { Will be replaced by the definition } -} -Now let's look at what the default format does. The first bit, -@ID @Code "+3p @Font @S @Name" -produces the term being defined, three points larger than would -have been the case otherwise, and in small capitals. The -@Code "@Right" symbol causes what follows it to appear at the -far right, so -@ID @Code "@I { @Word&&page @PageNum }" -will appear at the right of the column on the same line as -the term. The value of {@Code "@Word&&page"} is just -{@Code page} in the current language, and @Code "@PageNum" is a -page number as we know, so this produces something like -@ID @I { page 143 } -at the right. After that we have {@Code "@DP"} which leaves -a display-sized vertical gap, then the body appears in an -indented display, made Raw so that there is no trailing -vertical space. -@PP -You can change this option to anything you like. For example, -suppose you prefer bold to small capitals, you want the page number -in parentheses after the term, and you want each entry to be -kept together in one column: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@GlossaryFormat { - @OneRow { - @B @Name (@I { @Word&&page @PageNum }) - @DP - @RawIndentedDisplay @Body - } -} -} -And so on. -@PP -There are a few more setup file options for glossaries, to be found -in the {@Code "@BookSetup"} or {@Code "@ReportSetup"} @Code "@Use" -clause of the setup file. Here they are with their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@GlossaryWord { glossary } -@GlossaryInContents { Yes } -@GlossaryPrefix {} -} -The first determines the word that will be used as the title of -the glossary. The default value shown produces {@Code Glossary} -in English and its equivalent in other languages. You could change -it, for example, to -@ID @Code "@GlossaryWord { List of Definitions }" -@Code "@GlossaryInContents" determines whether the glossary will -be listed in the table of contents if there is one; and -@Code "@GlossaryPrefix" is used by structure page numbers. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_indx b/doc/doc/user/str_indx deleted file mode 100644 index 68d1ff1..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_indx +++ /dev/null @@ -1,497 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Indexes } - @Tag { indexes } -@Begin -@PP -Although Lout is not clever enough to guess what entries should go in -indexes. @Index { indexes } -your index, it will do almost everything else for you: sort the -entries and attach the correct page numbers automatically. As for -tables of contents, the default setting is to have an index in -books but not in other types of documents. This and a few aspects of -the appearance of the index can be changed by changing the setup file, -as explained at the end of this section. -@PP -Now, suppose you are discussing Galileo and you want his name in your -index. Let's be ambitious and say that you want the index to contain -something like this: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break { -Galileo Galilei - life of, 201 - telescope, his use of, 201--203 - trial of, 205--211, @I 242, 395 -} -These lines show off Lout's five tricks: the first is a @I { raw entry } -(no page number attached); the second is a @I sub-entry (indented); the -third has a @I { page number range } instead of a single page number; and -the fourth has a @I { merged entry } (several page numbers or ranges within -one entry) and a @I { special element } (the page number in italics). -@PP -We'll get to them in a moment, but first, let's see how to get a basic -entry, like this one: -@ID { Galileo Galilei, 201 } -To get this into your index, type -@ID @Code "galileo @Index { Galileo Galilei }" -at the point where you mention Galileo. Nothing will be printed there, -but the object following the @Code "@Index" symbol will be placed in -index.sym @Index { @Code "@Index" symbol } -the index, plus a comma and the correct page number. -@PP -The object preceding the @Code "@Index" symbol is a compulsory key -which is used for sorting the index entries, -@FootNote { -The collating sequence used to decide what comes after what is either -the collating sequence used by the @Code "memcmp()" library routine (just -the underlying binary character codes), or else the one used by the -@Code "strcoll()" collating sequence, which understands accented -characters and whose effect depends on your locale. To find out -whether @Code "strcoll()" is in use or not, type @Code "lout -V" which -prints out several lines of this and similar information, including -information about command line flags to switch between the two kinds of -collation. -@PP -If the sorting you get turns out to be not what you expected, the -first thing to try is the replacement of all accented letters in index -keys by unaccented ones. Sorting is quite an intractable problem: even -collation.order @Index { collation order } -sorting.order @Index { sorting order } -if @Code "strcoll()" gets the sorting right for one language, there still -remains the problem of sorting multilingual indexes. -} -but which is not itself printed. It is best to construct these -keys from lower-case letters and the . character only, beginning -with a letter, although multi-word keys are allowed. These sorting keys -do not have to be distinct from the tags used in cross referencing; -however, they do have to be distinct from each other, unless you want -merged entries (see below). -@PP -Our first trick, raw entries (no page number attached), is very -easy: just use @Code "@RawIndex" instead of {@Code "@Index"}. So the -rawindex.sym @Index { @Code "@RawIndex" symbol } -first line of our ambitious example is obtained by -@ID @Code "galileo @RawIndex { Galileo Galilei }" -This could go anywhere, since no page numbers are involved. -@PP -Our second trick, sub-entries, is also easy, since a sub-entry -is just an ordinary entry with an indent. The symbol is -{@Code "@SubIndex"}, so the second line of our ambitious example is -subindex.sym @Index { @Code "@SubIndex" symbol } -produced by -@ID @Code "galileo.life @SubIndex { life of }" -You should always give sub-entries the same sorting key as their -corresponding main entries, plus a . and another word, because then -you can be certain that the sorting will place sub-entries directly -after their main entries. There is a @Code "@SubSubIndex" symbol that -produces a double indent, and there are @Code "@RawSubIndex" and -@Code "@RawSubSubIndex" symbols. -@PP -For our third trick, page number ranges, we use the @Code "to" option -of the {@Code "@Index"}, {@Code "@SubIndex"}, and {@Code "@SubSubIndex"} -symbols. For example, to produce the sub-entry -@ID { telescope, his use of, 201--203 } -put -@ID @Code { - "galileo.telescope @SubIndex to { gt.end } { telescope, his use of }" -} -at the beginning of the range, and -@ID @Code "@PageMark { gt.end }" -at the end. You can use any tag you like inside the @Code "to" option, -as long as it differs from every other tag (notice that sorting keys -do not have to differ from tags, but @Code "to" options do: this -is because @Code "to" options go into @Code "@PageMark" like other -tags do, and if two tags are the same we would have an ambiguous -result of {@Code "@PageOf"}). If both ends of the range fall on the -same page, the @Code "to" option is ignored: you will never get -201--201. -@PP -Our fourth trick is the merged entry: -@ID { trial of, 205--211, 242, 395 } -This merged entry was originally three separate entries (sub-entries -in this case): -@ID @OneRow lines @Break { -trial of, 205--211 -trial of, 242 -trial of, 395 -} -We know how to produce these, using three @Code "@SubIndex" symbols, -one with a @Code "to" option. Lout is able to merge several entries -into one entry. This raises two questions: how does Lout know which -entries to merge? and given those entries, what does the merging produce? -@PP -The answer to the first question is that Lout merges entries whose -sorting keys are equal. The merged entry above is produced by these -three entries, placed in the appropriate places: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"galileo.trial @SubIndex to { gtrial.end } { trial of }" -"galileo.trial @SubIndex { trial of }" -"galileo.trial @SubIndex { trial of }" -} -The entries are merged because they have the same sorting key -({@Code "galileo.trial"}), not because they happen to have the -same content ({@Code "trial of"}). -@PP -Now, having decided that the three entries -@ID @OneRow lines @Break { -trial of, 205--211 -trial of, 242 -trial of, 395 -} -must be merged, what does Lout do? Without being too formal, it -finds the shortest larger entry that contains everything in the -given entries, more or less, preserving the order in which -the entries' points of origin appear in the final printed document. -@PP -If the entries are not different at all, then the result will be -the same as each of them. With this in mind, let us return to -our initial, ambitious example: -@ID @OneRow lines @Break { -Galileo Galilei - life of, 201 - telescope, his use of, 201--203 - trial of, 205--211, 242, 395 -} -We now know how to produce all four of these entries, but one problem -of some practical importance remains. Suppose we delete the section on -the life of Galileo. If we had put the entry that produces `Galileo -Galilei' in that section, we might inadvertently delete it, and the -other two sub-entries will lose their main entry. Before deleting -anything, we must hunt through it for index entries and ponder their -significance, an error-prone and time-wasting thing to do. -@PP -The solution is as follows. When an index entry has sub-entries, make -it raw, and repeat it just before each of its sub-entries: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"galileo @RawIndex { Galileo Galilei }" -"galileo.life @SubIndex { life of }" -} -at the first place, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"galileo @RawIndex { Galileo Galilei }" -"galileo.telescope @SubIndex { telescope, his use of }" -} -at the second, and so on. Now it is easy to verify that every -sub-entry has a main entry; and when deleting a sub-entry we can and -should delete the adjacent main entry. After sorting, our index -entries will be -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { galileo } - B { Galileo Galilei } -@Rowa - A { galileo } - B { Galileo Galilei } -@Rowa - A { galileo } - B { Galileo Galilei } -@Rowa - A { galileo } - B { Galileo Galilei } -@Rowa - A { galileo } - B { Galileo Galilei } -@Rowa - A { galileo.life } - B { {} life of, 201 } -@Rowa - A { galileo.telescope } - B { {} telescope, his use of, 201--203 } -@Rowa - A { galileo.trial } - B { {} trial of, 205--211 } -@Rowa - A { galileo.trial } - B { {} trial of, 242 } -@Rowa - A { galileo.trial } - B { {} trial of, 395 } -} -The first five entries have the same sorting key, and will be merged -as required. -@PP -Each index entry symbol has a @Code { pnformat } option, which affects the -way the page number of the entry is printed in the index. For example, -@ID @Code "galileo.trial @SubIndex pnformat { Main } { trial of }" -indicates that this is an entry of format {@Code Main}. By default the -format is {@Code Ordinary}; it may be {@Code Main}, producing a -bold page number in the index, or {@Code Special}, producing an -italic page number. -@PP -As the name suggests, the @Code pnformat option is actually a format -option, within which the @Code "@PageNum" symbol stands for the index -page number, so you could even write -@ID @Code "galileo.trial @SubIndex pnformat { @Underline @PageNum } { trial of }" -to get an underlined page number. However, it is rarely a good -idea to use the @Code { pnformat } option in this way. Better to -decide once and for all what variants on the basic format you are -going to have, call one variant {@Code Main} and the other {@Code Special}, -use the setup file options described later in this section to redefine -the appearance of page numbers for these two index entry formats, and -explain in the @Code "@IndexText" what the formats mean. -@PP -When index entries with different formats are merged, naturally each page -number preserves its own format. If there are two merged entries with -the same page number but different formats, the result is plausible but -indeterminate. A page number range is formatted according to the format -of the index entry which is its starting point. To change the format -of the @I stem of the index entry, just do the usual thing. For example, -@ID @Code "galileo @Index @I { Galileo Galilei }" -will cause the stem of the entry to appear in an italic font. -@PP -The language of the index entry will be the initial language of the -document as a whole, which is not necessarily the language at the point -where the index entry occurs. To get the correct language you will need a -@Code "@Language" symbol following the @Code "@Index" symbol: -@ID @Code "galileo. @Index Italian @Language { Galileo Galilei }" -or whatever. If you don't do this your index entry might be hyphenated -incorrectly. -@PP -Although the page numbers in index entries will be kept up to date -automatically as the document changes, as all cross references are, -it is best to refrain from inserting index entries until the document -is complete and an overall plan of the structure of the index can -be made. Place index entries for floating figures and tables within -their captions. -@PP -Large indexes may benefit from {@I spacers}: empty spaces or -spacers. @Index { spacers in indexes } -headings between the parts for each letter of the alphabet. One -way to get blank line spacers is with {@Code "@RawIndex"}, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"b @RawIndex {}" -"c @RawIndex {}" -"d @RawIndex {}" -"..." -"z @RawIndex {}" -} -These phantom entries will insert blank lines before the region of each -English letter except `a'. In fact there is a symbol called -@Code "@IndexBlanks" that makes -indexblanks. @Index @Code "@IndexBlanks" -exactly these 25 entries. Unfortunately, these blanks will occasionally -appear at the top of a column, and if there are no tags beginning with -x, for example, there will be two blank lines between the w and y -entries. You can start off with @Code "@IndexBlanks" and replace it -later by the appropriate subset, if necessary. -@FootNote { -For Lout to solve this problem automatically, it would need to be told -which letter each index entry belongs under, perhaps by symbols -{@Code "@AIndex"}, {@Code "@BIndex"}, etc. The author felt that this -would have been too tedious. -} -@PP -More elaborate spacers can be inserted with -indexspacer. @Index @Code "@IndexSpacer" -the @Code "@IndexSpacer" symbol, like this: -@ID @Code "a @IndexSpacer A" -This is similar to @Code "a @RawIndex A" in that it puts the entry -@Code A at sort position {@Code a}; but it also places extra space -above and below it, and it includes a font change, so that the -@Code A stands out like a heading (you can see the effect in the -index of this document). @Code "@IndexSpacer" also includes a -conditional new page, so that the spacer never appears alone at -the bottom of a column. -@PP -The first spacer needs to be slightly different, since no -space is wanted above it: -initialindexspacer. @Index @Code "@InitialIndexSpacer" -@ID @Code "a @InitialIndexSpacer A" -There is an @Code "@IndexLetters" symbol which places the 26 spacers -indexletters. @Index @Code "@IndexLetters" -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -a @InitialIndexSpacer A -b @IndexSpacer B -... -z @IndexSpacer Z -} -into your document for you in one go. Users of other alphabets are -recommended to define a similar symbol of their own. -@PP -The remainder of this section describes how to change the appearance of -the index by setting options in the setup file. For setup files and -their options in general, consult Section {@NumberOf setup}. -@PP -There are several setup file options for the index. Here they are with -their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@MakeIndex { No } -@IndexText { @Null } -@IndexFont { } -@IndexBreak { oragged 1.2fx } -@IndexFormat { @Body } -@SubIndexFormat { {1f @Wide}@Body } -@SubSubIndexFormat { {2f @Wide}@Body } -@IndexTypeOrdinary { @PageNum } -@IndexTypeMain { @B @PageNum } -@IndexTypeSpecial { @I @PageNum } -@IndexRangeFormat { @From--@To } -@IndexColumnNumber { 2 } -@IndexColumnGap { 1.00c } -@IndexCtd { Yes } -@IndexCtdWord { continued } -@IndexCtdFormat { @Body @I (@CtdWord) } -@IndexSpacerAbove { 2v } -@IndexSpacerBelow { 1v } -@IndexSpacerFont { +3p } -@IndexSpacerFormat { @Body } -} -The @Code "@MakeIndex" option, which may be @Code Yes or {@Code No}, -makeindex. @Index @Code "@MakeIndex" -determines whether to produce an index or not. Although the default -value is {@Code No}, any type of document may be given an index just -by changing it to {@Code Yes}. This has already been done in the -@Code book setup file, but not in the others. -@PP -@Code "@IndexText" is some text to put at the start of the index, -after the heading but before any index entries. It will appear -full width on the page. This option is also available as an option -of the {@Code "@Document"}, {@Code "@Report"}, and {@Code "@Book"} -symbols. -@PP -@Code "@IndexFont" determines the font and font size of index entries -indexfont. @Index @Code "@IndexFont" -(e.g. {@Code "Times Base 12p"}). Leaving it empty as above produces -the same font as the rest of the document. @Code "@IndexBreak" is the -indexbreak. @Index @Code "@IndexBreak" -paragraph breaking style applied to index entries; @Code oragged is the -traditional and best way. -@PP -@Code "@IndexFormat" allows a more radical control of the appearance -indexformat. @Index @Code "@IndexFormat" -of the index entry than just its font and break style. Within it, -the @Code "@Body" symbol stands for the entry, not including any page -numbers. The default value just leaves the index entry as is, but the -corresponding options for formatting subindexes ({@Code "@SubIndexFormat"} -and {@Code "@SubSubIndexFormat"}) are more interesting: -@ID @Code "@SubIndexFormat { {1f @Wide}@Body }" -causes subindexes to begin with an indent of width {@Code 1f}, -immediately followed by the entry. For more information about -lengths like {@Code 1f}, see Section {@NumberOf objects}. Another -possible format is -@ID @Code "@SubIndexFormat { -- @Body }" -which causes the subindex to begin with an en-dash and two spaces -instead of an indent. -@PP -{@Code "@IndexTypeOrdinary"}, {@Code "@IndexTypeMain"}, and -{@Code "@IndexTypeSpecial"} give the page number format to use -when the index entry type is {@Code Ordinary}, {@Code Main}, and -{@Code Special} respectively. Within them the @Code "@PageNum" -symbol stands for the page number or page number range being -printed. The value of these options can be an arbitrary object. -If the value of a @Code pnformat option is not {@Code Ordinary}, -{@Code Main}, or {@Code Special}, then the @Code pnformat option -itself is printed; it too may contain a @Code "@PageNum" symbol, -as explained earlier. -@PP -{@Code "@IndexRangeFormat"} gives the format to use when a page -number range, such as 5--8, is to be included in an index entry. -Within it the symbols @Code "@From" and @Code "To" stand for -the first and last page numbers respectively. These will always -be different when {@Code "@IndexRangeFormat"} is used; Lout knows -never to insert a range when the two end points are equal. The -default value just separates the two numbers by an en-dash with -no space. -@PP -@Code "@IndexColumnNumber" and @Code "@IndexColumnGap" determine the -indexcolumnnumber. @Index @Code "@IndexColumnNumber" -indexcolumngap. @Index @Code "@IndexColumnGap" -number of index columns per page, and the gap between them, and are -exactly analogous to the @Code "@ColumnNumber" and @Code "@ColumnGap" -options described in Section {@NumberOf columns}. -@PP -The next three options control the appearance of running headers -@FootNote { -Owing to problems behind the scenes, in the highly unlikely case -where more than three copies of the same running header appear on -the same page, their horizontal positions will become confused, -probably resulting in the apparent disappearance of all but the -last three. -} -in the index: -indexctd. @Index { @Code "@IndexCtd" } -indexctdword. @Index { @Code "@IndexCtdWord" } -indexctdformat. @Index { @Code "@IndexCtdFormat" } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@IndexCtd { Yes } -@IndexCtdWord { continued } -@IndexCtdFormat { @Body @I (@CtdWord) } -} -If an @Code "@Index" entry has @Code "@SubIndex" entries -that run over to the next column, Lout will print an unobtrusive running -header at the top of that column, something like this in English: -@ID { procrastination @I (ctd.) } -It will print two running headers if a @Code "@SubIndex" entry has -@Code "@SubSubIndex" entries that run over, one for the main entry and an -indented one for the sub-entry. You can turn off these running headers by -setting @Code "@IndexCtd" to {@Code No}. A particular word is associated -with index running headers; by default it is @Code "ctd." in English and -its equivalent in other languages. This is what the default value, -{@Code "continued"}, of the @Code "@IndexCtdWord" option gives you; if you -want some other word, change that option to the word you want. Finally, -you can control the format of the running headers using -{@Code "@IndexCtdFormat"}. Within this option, the symbol @Code "@Body" -stands for the value of the index entry that is running over (as formatted -by {@Code "@IndexFormat"}, {@Code "@SubIndexFormat"}, or -{@Code "@SubSubIndexFormat"} but without any page numbers), and -@Code "@CtdWord" stands for the word produced by the @Code "@IndexCtdWord" -option. The default value of {@Code "@IndexCtdFormat"}, shown above, -yields the index entry followed by @Code "@IndexCtdWord" in -italics and parentheses. -@PP -Finally, we have four options to control the appearance of index -spacers: -indexspacerabove. @Index { @Code "@IndexSpacerAbove" } -indexspacerbelow. @Index { @Code "@IndexSpacerBelow" } -indexspacerfont. @Index { @Code "@IndexSpacerFont" } -indexspacerformat. @Index { @Code "@IndexSpacerFormat" } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@IndexSpacerAbove { 2v } -@IndexSpacerBelow { 1v } -@IndexSpacerFont { +3p } -@IndexSpacerFormat { @Body } -} -@Code "@IndexSpacerAbove" and @Code "@IndexSpacerBelow" determine the -amount of extra space to insert above and below index spacers (except -that {@Code "@InitialIndexSpacer"} uses @Code {0v} for its above space). Any -lengths from Section {@NumberOf objects} are acceptable here; the default -lengths shown are two times and one times the current inter-line -spacing. @Code "@IndexSpacerFont" may contain any font change acceptable -to the {@Code "@Font"} symbol; the default increases the size by 3 -points. For more radical changes to the spacer format, -@Code "@IndexSpacerFormat" allows any symbols to be applied to the -spacer object, which is represented by the symbol @Code "@Body" within -this option. For example, -@ID @Code "@IndexSpacerFormat { @Underline @Body }" -will cause the spacer to be underlined. -@PP -The @Code "@IndexSpacer" symbol has {@Code above}, {@Code below}, -{@Code font}, and {@Code format} options which override the four -setup file options. For example, @Code "@InitialIndexSpacer" is -equivalent to -@ID @Code "@IndexSpacer above { 0v }" -Whether you will ever need to vary the appearance of index spacers -individually in this way is very doubtful, but the capacity is there. -@PP -Lout offers three independent indexes (useful for author indexes, -etc.). The other two are called index A and index B, and they -precede the main index in the output. Just replace @Code Index -by @Code IndexA to refer to index A, and by @Code IndexB to refer -to index B. For example, -@ID @Code "smith.j @IndexA { Smith, John }" -will insert an index entry to index A, and @Code "@IndexBBlanks" -will insert the usual 25 blank entries into index B. There are -setup file options to change the titles of indexes. -@PP -In large projects it might help to rename the @Code "@IndexA" symbol -to something else, such as {@Code "@AuthorIndex"}. This can -be done by placing -@ID @Code { -"import @DocumentSetup" -"macro @AuthorIndex { @IndexA }" -} -in the @Code mydefs file (Section {@NumberOf definitions}). The -word @Code macro is needed here instead of @Code "def" because we -are introducing a new name for an existing symbol, not defining -a new symbol. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_larg b/doc/doc/user/str_larg deleted file mode 100644 index 9e5fc79..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_larg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,194 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Large-scale structure: chapters, sections, etc. } - @RunningTitle { Large-scale structure } - @Tag { largescale } -@Begin -@PP -Lout's large-scale structure symbols vary with the type of document -large.scale. @Index { large-scale structure } -({@Code "@Chapter"} for books, @Code "@Overhead" for overhead -transparencies, etc.), but they all work in the same way. Here is a -typical example, {@Code "@Section"}, as it would actually be used: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Section" -" @Title { Allocation of teachers }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"Apart from the usual need to avoid clashes, the allocation of teachers must" -"ensure that no teacher teaches more than seven periods per day, or ..." -"@End @Section" -} -First comes the symbol itself, then any options in the usual way, and -then the following object, enclosed in @Code "@Begin" and -{@Code "@End @Section"}. The following object, also called the body -of the section, may contain paragraphs, displays, and all the other -features as usual. The body should begin with a paragraph symbol, -which may be @Code "@PP" or @Code "@LP" as you prefer. The result is -a section like the present one, automatically numbered, with the -@Code "@Title" option for its heading, preceded by a conditional new -title. @Index @Code "@Title" -page symbol (Section {@NumberOf paragraphs}). -@PP -When @Code "@Section" symbols are used within an ordinary document, they -must be bracketed by @Code "@BeginSections" and @Code "@EndSections" -symbols, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"preceding text" -"@BeginSections" -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"..." -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"@EndSections" -"@End @Text" -} -This arrangement is reminiscent of the one for lists, and, as for -lists, there may be no paragraph or new page symbols before, between, -or after the sections. -@PP -The @Code "@Begin ... @End @Section" that brackets the body of each -section may be abbreviated to {@Code "{ ... }"}. However, the long -form is recommended because it helps Lout to detect missing or extra -braces within the body of the section. -@PP -To change the gap between sections, you need to change the -@Code "@SectionGap" option in the setup file, as explained in -Chapter {@NumberOf types}. If you just want a new page or column -before one section, then use the @Code "@NewPage" option of that -section, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Section" -" @Title { Bandicoots and quolls }" -" @NewPage { Yes }" -"@Begin" -"..." -"@End @Section" -} -The @Code "@NewPage" option is only available with large-scale structure -symbols that usually do not appear on a new page (like {@Code "@Section"}), -and it forces them to appear on a new page. You can't use it with -large-scale structure symbols that usually appear on a new page (like -{@Code "@Chapter"}) to force them not to -- there is no way to do that. -@PP -All large-scale structure symbols have a @Code "@Tag" option, whose -use is explained in Section {@NumberOf cross}, and a @Code "@RunningTitle" -runningtitle. @Index @Code "@RunningTitle" -option. If running page headers have been requested, @Code "@RunningTitle" -will be used if it is given, otherwise @Code "@Title" will be used for the -running header. For example, the present section begins like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Section" -" @Title { Large-scale structure: chapters, sections, etc. }" -" @RunningTitle { Large-scale structure }" -" @Tag { largescale }" -"@Begin" -"..." -} -The point is that the section title is rather long for a running -title, and so we use @Code "@RunningTitle" to get an abbreviated -version of it. -@PP -Section titles typically appear in Bold face in the section heading, -but in Roman face in tables of contents and running page headers. So -if part of your title is in italics, enclose it in @Code "@II" rather -than just @Code "@I" to ensure that you get the right kind of italics -in both contexts. -@PP -All large-scale structure symbols also have an @Code "@InitialLanguage" -option which sets the current language for the duration of that -symbol. However, footnotes, endnotes, figures, tables, references, -and index entries are set in the initial language of the document as -a whole, unless you change their language explicitly using the -@Code "@Language" symbol. -@PP -The remainder of this section describes the setup file options for -controlling the appearance of large-scale structure symbols. (For an -introduction to setup files, consult Section {@NumberOf setup}.) These -options mainly appear in the third @Code "@Use" clause, since exactly which -large-scale structure symbols exist depends on the type of document. For -example, here are the setup file options from the @Code "doc" setup file -relating to appendices: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@AppendixWord { appendix }" -"@AppendixNumbers { UCAlpha }" -"@FirstAppendixNumber { 1 }" -"@AppendixHeadingFont { Bold }" -"@AppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen }" -"@AppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title }" -"@AppendixGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 2f }" -"@AppendixInContents { Yes }" -"@AppendixNumInTheorems { No }" -"@AppendixNumInDisplays { Yes }" -"@AppendixNumInFigures { No }" -"@AppendixNumInTables { No }" -"@AppendixPrefix { }" -} -There are similar options for each large-scale structure symbol. Here is -a brief explanation. -@PP -@Code "@AppendixWord" contains the word that is to be prefixed to the -appendix number in full headings. The special value @Code appendix -produces Appendix or its equivalent translated into the current -language. Any other value produces itself. -@PP -@Code "@AppendixNumbers" determines the style of numbering of appendices, -and may be {@Code Arabic}, {@Code Roman}, {@Code UCRoman}, {@Code Alpha}, -{@Code UCAlpha}, or {@Code None} meaning unnumbered. Most common is -{@Code Arabic}, but appendices traditionally use upper-case -letters, hence the value {@Code UCAlpha} given above. -@PP -@Code "@FirstAppendixNumber { 1 }" is the number (always in Arabic) to -assign to the first appendix. It is almost always 1, but a few people -like to start their numbering from 0; this is only possible if the -style of numbering specified by @Code "@AppendixNumbers" is {@Code Arabic}. -@PP -@Code "@AppendixHeadingFont" and @Code "@AppendixHeadingBreak" specify -the font and paragraph breaking style to be applied to the appendix -heading (relative to {@Code "@InitialFont"} and {@Code "@InitialBreak"}); -the default values shown above produce Bold in the current font family -and size, and ragged breaking without hyphenation. -@PP -@Code "@AppendixHeadingFormat" defines the format of the appendix -heading. Within it, the symbols @Code number and @Code title stand for the -appendix number (including the appendix word) and title respectively. The -@Code "@DotSep" symbol produces a dot and two spaces, except when there is -no number, when it produces nothing. For example, to draw a full-width -rule under the heading, change this option to -@ID @Code "@AppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title @LP @FullWidthRule }" -Arbitrary formats are acceptable. -@PP -@Code "@AppendixGap" determines the vertical space to leave between -appendices; the default above leaves {@Code 2v}, except that when plain -text output is in effect it leaves @Code 2f instead. To get a new page -between appendices, use the magic value {@Code 2b}, which is raw Lout for -new page. In books, the major components (preface, introduction, tables -of contents, parts, chapters, appendices, and indexes) always start on a -new page and there is nothing you can do to change that. -@PP -@Code "@AppendixInContents" determines whether the appendix will be listed -in the table of contents, and may be @Code "Yes" or {@Code No}. The -next few options determine whether an appendix number will be included -in the numbers assigned to theorems etc., numbered displays, figures, -and tables. -@PP -There is a @Code "@StructPageNums" setup file option which determines -whether page numbers will include the numbers of large-scale structure -symbols. If it is {@Code "Yes"}, @Code "@AppendixPrefix" is prefixed -to all page numbers of pages containing appendices. For example, setting -@Code "@AppendixPrefix" to @Code { APP- } produces page -numbers APP-A-1, APP-A-2, and so on. The object separating each element -of such compound numbers is determined by the @Code "@NumberSeparator" -numberseparator. @Index @Code "@NumberSeparator" -setup file option, which has default value @Code "." but which can easily -be set to @Code "-" or @Code "--" if desired. -@PP -Running page headers above appendices always include the title of -the appendix, so there is no option for specifying whether to do so or -not. But for subappendices and other such smaller units, the choice of -whether to mention them in running headers is left to the user: -@ID @Code "@SubAppendixNumInRunners { Yes }" -Despite the misleading name, this option determines whether the entire -subappendix @I title as well as number will be used as a running header. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_list b/doc/doc/user/str_list deleted file mode 100644 index 2e56aa1..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_list +++ /dev/null @@ -1,524 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Lists } - @Tag { lists } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@IndentedList" symbol introduces items to be -indentedlist. @Index @Code "@IndentedList" -il. @Index @Code "@IL" -lists. @Index { lists } -made into a displayed list: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -preceding text -@IndentedList -@ListItem @I Emma -@ListItem @I { Mansfield Park } -@EndList -following text -} -After the initial @Code "@IndentedList" symbol, each item is introduced by -list.item. @Index @Code "@ListItem" -li. @Index @Code "@LI" -{@Code "@ListItem"}, and the list ends with {@Code "@EndList"}. The -end.list. @Index @Code "@EndList" -el. @Index @Code "@EL" -result here is -@ID @OneRow { -preceding text -@IndentedList -@ListItem @I Emma -@ListItem @I { Mansfield Park } -@EndList -following text -} -with space inserted automatically before, between, and after -the items. -@PP -As the example shows, the @Code "@IndentedList" symbol causes the items to be -indented. Also available are {@Code "@LeftList"}, -leftlist. @Index @Code "@LeftList" -ll. @Index @Code "@LL" -{@Code "@QuotedList"}, {@Code "@CentredList"}, and {@Code "@CenteredList"}, -quotedlist. @Index @Code "@QuotedList" -ql. @Index @Code "@QL" -centredlist. @Index @Code "@CentredList" -centeredlist. @Index @Code "@CenteredList" -cl. @Index @Code "@CL" -which format the items like the corresponding display symbols do. -Other list symbols generate a @I label for each item. For example, -@Code "@NumberedList" causes the items to be numbered: -numberedlist. @Index @Code "@NumberedList" -nl. @Index @Code "@NL" -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Heading { Quiz } -@NumberedList -@ListItem { Which American statesman owned a two-storey clock? } -@ListItem { Which Yankee commander from the Civil War cut a -swathe of destruction through the State of Georgia? } -@EndList -} -has result -@ID @OneRow { -@Heading { Quiz } -@NumberedList -@ListItem { Which American statesman owned a two-storey clock? } -@ListItem { Which Yankee commander from the Civil War cut a -swathe of destruction through the State of Georgia? } -@RawEndList -} -The generated labels are added at the left margin. -Here is the full set -of label-generating list symbols, showing the first label produced by each: -parennumberedlist. @Index @Code "@ParenNumberedList" -pnl. @Index @Code "@PNL" -romanlist. @Index @Code "@RomanList" -rl. @Index @Code "@RL" -parenromanlist. @Index @Code "@ParenRomanList" -prl. @Index @Code "@PRL" -ucromanlist. @Index @Code "@UCRomanList" -ucrl. @Index @Code "@UCRL" -parenucromanlist. @Index @Code "@ParenUCRomanList" -pucrl. @Index @Code "@PUCRL" -alphalist. @Index @Code "@AlphaList" -al. @Index @Code "@AL" -parenalphalist. @Index @Code "@ParenAlphaList" -pal. @Index @Code "@PAL" -ucalphalist. @Index @Code "@UCAlphaList" -ucal. @Index @Code "@UCAL" -parenucalphalist. @Index @Code "@ParenUCAlphaList" -pucal. @Index @Code "@PUCAL" -bulletlist. @Index @Code "@BulletList" -bl. @Index @Code "@BL" -starlist. @Index @Code "@StarList" -sl. @Index @Code "@SL" -dashlist. @Index @Code "@DashList" -dl. @Index @Code "@DL" -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @CC A ! @Col @Code B ! @Col ! @Col @CC C ! @Col @Code D } -{ -@Rowa - A { 1. } - B { "@NumberedList" } - C { (1) } - D { "@ParenNumberedList" } -@Rowa - A { i. } - B { "@RomanList" } - C { (i) } - D { "@ParenRomanList" } -@Rowa - A { I. } - B { "@UCRomanList" } - C { (I) } - D { "@ParenUCRomanList" } -@Rowa - A { a. } - B { "@AlphaList" } - C { (a) } - D { "@ParenAlphaList" } -@Rowa - A { A. } - B { "@UCAlphaList" } - C { (A) } - D { "@ParenUCAlphaList" } -@Rowa - A { @Bullet } - B { "@BulletList" } -@Rowa - A { @Star } - B { "@StarList" } -@Rowa - A { -- } - B { "@DashList" } -} -roman @Index { Roman numerals } -The Roman numerals end at cc (200), but ordinary decimal numbers have -no limit. The labels produced by the four alphabetical list symbols are -determined by the current language; in English they start at @Code "a" -and end at {@Code "z"}. -@PP -You may also supply your own labels using the @Code "@TaggedList" -taggedlist @Index @Code "@TaggedList" -tl. @Index @Code "@TL" -symbol. Each item is introduced by @Code "@TagItem" instead of -tagitem. @Index @Code "@TagItem" -ti. @Index @Code "@TI" -{@Code "@ListItem"}. Since such labels tend to be quite wide, -there are @Code "@WideTaggedList" and @Code "@VeryWideTaggedList" symbols -widezzztaggedlist @Index @Code "@WideTaggedList" -wtl. @Index @Code "@WTL" -verywidetaggedlist @Index @Code "@VeryWideTaggedList" -vwtl. @Index @Code "@VWTL" -which leave extra space for them: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@WideTaggedList -@TagItem { 9 a.m. } { Breakfast in the Ipamena Lounge, -served with Irish coffee and fresh croissants. } -@TagItem { 10 a.m. } { Prof. A. Smith -speaks on `The Wealth of Nations.' } -@EndList -} -Each @Code "@TagItem" symbol is followed by the desired label between -braces, and then the item proper. The label may be empty, but still its -enclosing braces must be there. The result here is -@ID @OneRow { -@RawWideTaggedList -@TagItem { 9 a.m. } { Breakfast in -the Ipamena Lounge, served with -Irish coffee and fresh croissants. } -@TagItem { 10 a.m. } { Prof. A. Smith -speaks on `The Wealth of Nations.' } -@RawEndList -} -An alternative way to accommodate wide labels is the `drop item,' -drop.item @Index { drop items } -which looks like this: -@ID @OneRow { -@RawTaggedList -@DTI { 10 a.m. } { Prof. A. Smith speaks on `The Wealth of Nations.' } -@RawEndList -} -Individual items are dropped in this way by using @Code "@DropTagItem" -drop.tag.item @Index @Code "@DropTagItem" -dti. @Index @Code "@DTI" -instead of {@Code "@TagItem"}. There is also a @Code "@DropListItem" -drop.list.item @Index @Code "@DropListItem" -dli. @Index @Code "@DLI" -symbol corresponding to {@Code "@ListItem"}, but it is very rarely -needed. Lout is not able to decide for itself whether a label is wide -enough to require a drop item. Lout will refuse to skip to the next -column or page between a drop tag and its item, preferring instead -to move the drop tag to the next column or page. -@PP -Each list has a `raw' version which omits the preceding space, and -raw.lists @Index { raw lists } -raw.list. @Index @Code "@RawList" -raw.end.list. @Index @Code "@RawEndList" -@Code "@EndList" has a raw version which omits the following -space. These are mainly used when an item is itself a list: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@ParenNumberedList -@ListItem { - @RawParenRomanList - @ListItem { MV Nominees, -hereinafter called the vendor, ... } - @RawEndList -} -@EndList -} -produces -@ID @OneRow { -@RawParenNumberedList -@ListItem { - @RawParenRomanList - @ListItem { MV Nominees, -hereinafter called the vendor, ... } - @RawEndList -} -@RawEndList -} -If @Code "@ParenRomanList" had been used instead of -{@Code "@RawParenRomanList"}, (1) and (i) would have appeared on -different lines; or if @Code "@EndList" had been used instead of -{@Code "@RawEndList"}, there would have been too much space following -the list. -@PP -A list item may come out partly on one page or column and partly on -the next, if it has places where it obviously can be broken in two. For -example, a list item which is an ordinary paragraph of text might be -broken in two between any two lines. To force a list item to keep -together on one page or column, use the @Code "@OneRow" symbol like -this: @Code "@ListItem @OneRow { ... }". -@PP -Occasionally it is desirable to start a new page or column between -two list items. This cannot be done by inserting @Code "@NP" -between them, because the space between two list items is a kind -of no-man's land where nothing is allowed to be. Instead, the -@Code "@ListNewPage" symbol is used: it is permitted only between -two list items, and its effect is to make the following list item -appear at the top of the next page or column. It may be used within -any kind of list. -@PP -Another special list item is {@Code "@ListInterruptItem"}. This -prints its content without any numbering or formatting: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@NumberedList -@ListItem { This is the first list item. } -@ListInterruptItem { This is an interruption to the list. } -@ListItem { This is the second list item. } -@EndList -} -produces -@ID @OneRow { -@RawNumberedList -@ListItem { This is the first list item. } -@ListInterruptItem { This is an interruption to the list. } -@ListItem { This is the second list item. } -@RawEndList -} -Although @Code "@ListInterruptItem" is written like a list item, the -result appears to be an interruption to the list. It may be used -in any kind of list. -@PP -Yet another kind of list item symbol is -paragraph.item. @Index @Code "@ParagraphItem" -pi. @Index @Code "@PI" -{@Code "@ParagraphItem"}, which introduces a list item -whose labels are integrated into a paragraph: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Heading { Extract from GNU General Public License } -@LeftList -@ParagraphItem { -You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's -source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you -conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate -copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty ... -} -@ParagraphItem { -You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion -of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and -distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 -above, provided that you ... -} -@EndList -} -has result -@ID @OneRow { -@Heading { Extract from GNU General Public License } -@LeftList -@ParagraphItem { -You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's -source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you -conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate -copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty ... -} -@ParagraphItem { -You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion -of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and -distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 -above, provided that you ... -} -@RawEndList -} -Since the numbers are part of the item, the kind of list to use -is just {@Code "@LeftList"} rather than {@Code "@NumberedList"}. -It would be better if @Code "@ListItem" could be used, but problems -behind the scenes prevent this. @Code "@ParagraphItem" has a -@Code "style" option that works much like the @Code "style" option -of {@Code "@List"} described just below. -@PP -Another useful variation is the @I { multi-column list }, in -which the items are spread over several columns within the -current column. Any kind of list may be converted into a -multi-column list. For example, here is how to get a -multi-column bullet list: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@BulletList - colnum { 3 } - colgap { 1.0c } - colheight { 5.0c } -} -followed by the list items and @Code "@EndList" as usual. This -list will appear spread over three columns, with the items placed -down the first column, then down the second, and so on. The columns -will have equal width, as wide as possible given that they are -separated from each other by the gap given by {@Code "colgap"}. -Ideally, one would want the columns to have equal height, just -enough to hold all the items; but since Lout is not clever enough -to do this, you must specify a fixed height for each column, -using the @Code "colheight" option; and this height must be small -enough to allow the entire list to fit onto one page, since it is -effectively an unbreakable display. -@PP -The value of @Code "colnum" must be either 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. If -it is 1 (the default value), @Code "colgap" and @Code "colheight" -are not used and the result is an ordinary list. The value of -@Code "colgap" and @Code "colheight" may be any width; the default -values are those shown above. All the features available for -ordinary lists and list items work in the usual way with -multi-column lists: one may keep a list item in one column by -enclosing it in {@Code "@OneRow"}, cause a break to the next -column using {@Code "@ListNewPage"}, and so on. If there is not -enough space in the columns to hold all the items (a real possibility -since their height is fixed), any excess is dropped, sometimes with -and sometimes without a confusing error message. -@PP -Every symbol introduced in this section has an abbreviated form -consisting of @Code "@" followed by its capital letters only. For -example, @Code "@RawNumberedList" abbreviates to {@Code "@RNL"}, -and @Code "@ListItem" to {@Code "@LI"}. The sole exception is -{@Code "@RawList"}, which has no abbreviation because @Code "@RL" -is the abbreviation for {@Code "@RomanList"}. -@PP -list.symbol.options @Index { list symbol options } -Expert users will be interested to learn that all of the list symbols -described in this section are derived from the two basic ones, -@Code "@List" and {@Code "@RawList"}, merely by setting options. Here -list. @Index @Code "@List" -l. @Index @Code "@L" -are all the options, together with their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@List - type { num } - style { num } - labelwidth { 2f } - labelright { No } - labelrightgap { 2s } - indent { 0c } - rightindent { 0c } - gap { 1v } - start { 1 } - font { } - break { } - colnum { 1 } - colgap { 1.0c } - colheight { 5.0c } -} -These options may be used with all of the list and raw list symbols, -except that some combinations don't make sense, for example @Code "indent" -with {@Code "@CentredList"} or @Code "style" with {@Code "@BulletList"}, -since the list symbol has clearly already set the option. -@PP -The @Code "type" option determines the type of numbering (Arabic, Roman, -etc.) and is not intended for ordinary use, since there are distinct -symbols for each type, as we have seen. The @Code "style" option -determines the format of the label, any @Code "num" symbol within it -being replaced by the number (in Arabic, Roman, etc. as determined by the -@Code "type" option) of the item. For example, @Code "@ParenNumberedList" -is just -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@List - style { (num) } -} -and @Code "@BulletList" is just -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@List - style { @Bullet } -} -with @Code "num" not mentioned since no number is wanted. The -@Code "@TaggedList" symbol and its variants also have the -@Code "style" option; in their case, the @Code "num" symbol within -it must be mentioned exactly once, and its value is set to produce -the label supplied by the author. -@PP -The @Code "labelwidth" option determines the width set aside for the labels; -this is where @Code "@WideTaggedList" and @Code "@VeryWideTaggedList" differ -from {@Code "@TaggedList"}. If @Code "labelright" is {@Code "Yes"}, it -means that the label is to appear right-justified in this width, apart from -a width @Code "labelrightgap" to the right of it to separate it from the -content of the list item. The default value of {@Code "labelrightgap"}, -{@Code "2s"}, is the width of two spaces. If @Code "labelright" is -{@Code No}, @Code "labelrightgap" is not used. -@PP -The @Code "indent" and @Code "rightindent" -options determine the space left blank at the left and right margins. -The value given to these options may be any length, for example -@Code "0.5i" (half an inch), or @Code "0.5f" (half the current font -size). Section {@NumberOf objects} describes lengths in general. There -are also three useful symbols denoting lengths: @Code "@DisplayIndent" -is the amount by which indented and quoted displays are indented; -@Code "@WideIndent" and @Code "@VeryWideIndent" are the indents used by -@Code "@WideTaggedList" and {@Code "@VeryWideTaggedList"}. Using these -symbols helps to keep documents consistent. -@PP -The @Code "gap" option determines the vertical space inserted between -items. Once again this must be a length, although since it is -vertical rather than horizontal, somewhat different kinds of lengths -are appropriate: @Code "1.5v" for 1.5 times the current vertical space -between lines, or the default value, {@Code "@DisplayGap"}, which produces -the amount of vertical space used before and after displays. Owing to -problems behind the scenes, there is no list option for the space before or after -the list as a whole. To change this space in one list, use a raw list and -insert your own paragraph symbols; to change it in every list there is a -setup file option, described below. -@PP -The @Code "start" option is the number assigned to the first -item. It must be decimal: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@ParenRomanList - start { 25 } -} -looks strange, but it is the correct way to number the first -item (xxv). -@PP -The @Code "font" option defines a font (or any value suited for -the @Code "@Font" symbol) which is to be applied to each item -(but not the labels). For example, you might be bothered by -the fact that a list item whose last line has no descenders in -its letters is closer to the next list item, producing a slightly -irregular appearance. One way to solve this problem is -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@NumberedList - font { strut } -} -since the value @Code "strut" given to the @Code "@Font" symbol -causes it to insert an invisible vertical strut into every word under -the influence of that symbol. For more information, including -another way to insert struts, consult Section {@NumberOf precise}. -@PP -The @Code "break" option defines a break style (suitable for the -@Code "@Break" symbol) to be applied to each item. If you want -each item in a ragged style, for example, you could just write -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@NumberedList - break { ragged } -} -rather than laboriously enclosing each item in @Code "ragged @Break". -@PP -The last three options, {@Code "colnum"}, {@Code "colgap"}, and -{@Code "colheight"} work together to produce multi-column lists, -as explained earlier. When the default value of @Code "colnum" -is used (i.e. 1), {@Code "colgap"} and {@Code "colheight"} are -ignored and the result is an ordinary list. -@PP -Here is a larger example of these options in action. Setting both -@Code "indent" and @Code "rightindent" to @Code "@DisplayIndent" -produces an effect similar to {@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -preceding text -@List - style { @I {Item num}: } - indent { @DisplayIndent } - rightindent { @DisplayIndent } - labelwidth { @WideIndent } - start { 10 } -@ListItem { The vendor ... in the case of accident. } -@ListItem { The vendor ... adjacent to the facility. } -@EndList -following text -} -The result is -@ID @OneRow { -preceding text -@List - style { @I {Item num}: } - indent { @DisplayIndent } - rightindent { @DisplayIndent } - labelwidth { @WideIndent } - start { 10 } -@ListItem { -The vendor will not be liable for any injury caused by the escape of -radiation or radioactive materials from the facility, nor for the -costs of repair of any property damaged by nuclear blast or fallout -in the case of accident. -} -@ListItem { -The vendor will not be liable for any injury caused by radioactive -materials being transported to or from the facility, nor for injury -caused by radioactive materials stored adjacent to the facility. -} -@EndList -following text -} -You can change the @I default values of the {@Code "labelwidth"}, -{@Code "labelright"}, {@Code "labelrightgap"}, {@Code "indent"}, -{@Code "rightindent"}, {@Code "gap"}, and {@Code "break"} options, by -setting options called {@Code "@ListLabelWidth"}, {@Code "@ListLabelRight"}, -{@Code "@ListLabelRightGap"}, {@Code "@ListIndent"}, -{@Code "@ListRightIndent"}, {@Code "@ListGap"}, and -{@Code "@ListBreak"} options in the setup file (Section {@NumberOf setup}). -These default values will then apply to every list in the document unless -overridden by an option, just like the usual default values. The setup -file also has a {@Code "@ListOuterGap"} option which determines the gap -before the first and after the last list item in non-raw lists. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_marg b/doc/doc/user/str_marg deleted file mode 100644 index 246f623..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_marg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,160 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Margin notes and arbitrary placement } - @Tag { marginnotes } -@Begin -@PP -A note can be placed in the left margin by typing -leftnote. @Index @Code "@LeftNote" -marginnote. @Index { margin notes } -@ID { -@Code "@LeftNote { A left note. }" -@LeftNote { A left note. } -} -after the word that the note refers to. The note will appear in the -margin at the same height on the page as that word, unless that would -cause it to overlap a previous margin note, in which case it will be -shifted downwards (but never onto the next page). The note may be an -arbitrary Lout object; for example, you might type -@ID { -@Code "@LeftNote @I { A left note. }" -@LeftNote @I { A left note. } -} -to make your note come out in italics. -@PP -You can get a note in the right margin by using @Code "@RightNote" -@RightNote { A right note. } -rightnote. @Index @Code "@RightNote" -instead of {@Code "@LeftNote"}. To get a note in the outer margin -(left on even pages, right on odd pages), use {@Code "@OuterNote"}; -@OuterNote { An outer note. } -outernote. @Index @Code "@OuterNote" -and for the opposite, use {@Code "@InnerNote"}. -@InnerNote { An inner note. } -@PP -By default, Lout produces margins that are 2.5 centimetres wide, which -is not really enough to accommodate reasonable margin notes. To -change these margins, you need to change options in the setup file, as -explained in Section {@NumberOf margins}. -@PP -The appearance of the margin notes themselves is also determined by -options in the setup file (for a general introduction to setup files -and their options, consult Section {@NumberOf setup}). Here are -the options and their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@MarginNoteFont { 0.80f }" -"@MarginNoteBreak { ragged 1.10fx }" -"@MarginNoteHGap { 0.5c }" -"@MarginNoteVGap { 1.00v }" -"@MarginNoteWidth { 1.50c }" -} -@Code "@MarginNoteFont" determines the font; the default value -produces the current font scaled to 0.8 times the current size. -@Code "Slope 0.80f" would yield italic notes, and so -on. @Code "@MarginNoteBreak" is the paragraph breaking style, -similar to the @Code "@InitialBreak" setup file option. -@PP -@Code "@MarginNoteHGap" determines how far away from the -adjacent text column the margin note will appear; the default -value is 0.5 centimetres. Notice that, by this definition, margin -notes will appear in the page body margin (Section {@NumberOf margins}) -if there is one. @Code "@MarginNoteVGap" is the minimum -vertical separation between margin notes (i.e. it determines how -far downwards a note will be shifted to avoid the previous -one). @Code "@MarginNoteWidth" determines the width of the column -in which margin notes (both left and right) are set; the default -value of 1.5 centimetres is suited to the 2.5 centimetre page margins -that are the default, but if you widen the page or page body margins -you will be able to increase @Code "@MarginNoteWidth" too. -@PP -Left notes extend into the left margin (including the left page body -margin) a total distance of @Code "@MarginNoteHGap" plus -{@Code "@MarginNoteWidth"}, and it is up to you to make sure that this -does not put them off the page. Similar remarks apply to right -notes. And since notes are never shifted to the next page, only -downwards, there is also a risk that a note will be shifted off the -bottom of the page, if it is very long or if preceding notes obstruct -it. Again, it is up to you to avoid this problem by keeping your notes -small and not too close together. -@PP -Margin notes work well inside footnotes, figures, and tables, but -badly in multi-column documents unless used sparingly. They do -not appear in plain text output (Section {@NumberOf plain}). -@PP -The @Code "@Place" symbol can place objects at arbitrary points on -the current page: -place. @Index @Code "@Place" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Place" -" x { right - 1c - xsize }" -" y { { foot + top } / 2 }" -"{" -" @Box { Hello }" -"}" -} -The placed object may be any object. This particular example produces a -box whose @I x (horizontal) position is such that its right edge is one -centimetre from the right edge of the page, and whose @I y (vertical) -position is halfway up & -@Place - x { right - 1c - xsize } - y { { foot + top } / 2 } -{ - @Box { Hello } -} -the page. -@PP -In addition to numbers, with or without units of measurement -(Section {@NumberOf objects}), the following symbols -may be used inside the @Code "x" and @Code "y" options: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { left } - B { The left edge of the page } -@Rowa - A { right } - B { The right edge of the page } -@Rowa - A { foot } - B { The foot edge of the page } -@Rowa - A { top } - B { The top edge of the page } -@Rowa - A { "+" } - B { Addition (positive is to the right and up) } -@Rowa - A { "-" } - B { Subtraction (negative is to the left and down) } -@Rowa - A { "*" } - B { Multiplication } -@Rowa - A { "/" } - B { Division } -@Rowa - A { "xsize" } - B { The width of the object being placed } -@Rowa - A { "xmark" } - B { The column mark of the object being placed (for expert users) } -@Rowa - A { "ysize" } - B { The height of the object being placed } -@Rowa - A { "ymark" } - B { The row mark of the object being placed (for expert users) } -} -Negative numbers have to be enclosed in double quotes to avoid the -initial @Code "-" being mistaken for subtraction. The usual precedences -and associativities apply to the mathematical operators; braces (not -parentheses) may be used for grouping. It is best to give values to -@Code "x" and @Code y that do not depend on any assumptions about -where the coordinate system's origin is; this is true of the examples -above. At the point where @Code "@Place" occurs, the result is an -empty object. As with margin notes, Lout does not know what is -happening and will not lay out the rest of the page around the -placed object. @Code "@Place" does not take account of the value -of any @Code "@PageOrientation" option. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/str_theo b/doc/doc/user/str_theo deleted file mode 100644 index da61e11..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/str_theo +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Theorems, lemmas, corollaries, definitions, propositions, -examples, and claims } - @RunningTitle { Theorems, lemmas, etc. } - @Tag { theorems } -@Begin -@PP -theorem. @Index @Code "@Theorem" -A theorem is created like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@LD @Theorem - @Title { Fermat's Last Theorem } -{ -@M { a sup n + b sup n != c sup n } for all positive integers @M { a }, -@M { b }, @M { c } and @M { n } when @M { n > 2 }. -@LP -@Proof I have a proof of this theorem, but the margin -is too small to contain it. @EndProof -} -} -where we have used the @Code "@LD" `left display' symbol from -Section {@NumberOf displays} to get a left-justified display, -and the @Code "@M" symbol from Chapter {@NumberOf mathematics} -for the equations. The result is -@ID @Theorem - @Title { Fermat's Last Theorem } -{ -@M { a sup n + b sup n != c sup n } for all positive integers @M { a }, -@M { b }, @M { c } and @M { n } when @M { n > 2 }. -@LP -@Proof I have a proof of this theorem, but the margin -is too small to contain it. @EndProof -} -The @Code "@Theorem" symbol produces an object with no adjacent -vertical space, hence it needs to be used in conjuction with -display or paragraph symbols. The theorem is numbered automatically, -with the title and number inserted at the start of the first -paragraph. @Code "@Title" may be omitted. -@PP -@Code "@Proof" produces @Proof @Null -proof. @Index @Code "@Proof" -with the appropriate following space, and @Code "@EndProof" produces -endproof. @Index @Code "@EndProof" -a box at the end of the line. They may be used anywhere, not -just within theorems. -@FootNote { Occasionally @Code "@EndProof" does not -appear as far to the right as it should. This problem can be fixed by using -{@Code "@LD @HExpand @Theorem"}, which instructs Lout to make sure -that as much horizontal space as possible is allocated to the theorem. } -@PP -There are seven symbols that produce independently numbered sequences -in this way. They are {@Code "@Theorem"}, {@Code "@Definition"}, -definition. @Index @Code "@Definition" -claim. @Index @Code "@Claim" -proposition. @Index @Code "@Proposition" -lemma. @Index @Code "@Lemma" -corollary. @Index @Code "@Corollary" -example. @Index @Code "@Example" -{@Code "@Claim"}, {@Code "@Proposition"}, {@Code "@Lemma"}, -{@Code "@Corollary"}, and {@Code "@Example"}. -@PP -The setup file contains options which determine whether the theorem -numbers include a chapter number ({@Code "@ChapterNumInTheorems"}), -or a section number ({@Code "@SectionNumInTheorems"}), and so on. A -section number automatically includes a chapter number, etc. There -are also options to change the word printed. For example, if you -need a sequence of conjectures, change the @Code "@ClaimWord" setup -file option to -@ID @Code "@ClaimWord { Conjecture }" -and use the @Code "@Claim" symbol for your conjectures. You can even put -@ID @Code { -"import @DocumentSetup" -"macro @Conjecture { @Claim }" -} -into your @Code mydefs file (Section {@NumberOf definitions}) if you wish, -so that you can write @Code "@Conjecture" in your documents instead of -{@Code "@Claim"}. -@PP -The setup file also contains two options which control the format of -the theorem (claims and so on have corresponding options). Here they -are with their default values: -@ID @Code { -"@TheoremTitleFormat { (title) }" -"@TheoremFormat { { @B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s } @Insert body }" -} -@Code "@TheoremTitleFormat" is used only when the theorem has a -{@Code "@Title"}. It determines how the title is formatted: the -@Code title symbol within it stands for the @Code "@Title" option. -The default value shown places parentheses around the title. -@Code "@TheoremFormat" determines the format of the entire theorem. -Within it, @Code word stands for the value of {@Code "@TheoremWord"}; -@Code "number" is the number of the theorem; @Code "title" is the title -of the theorem after formatting by {@Code "@TheoremFormat"} (if there -is a title; otherwise @Code title is {@Code "@Null"}, which prints as -nothing and even deletes preceding space as required); and -@Code body is the body of the theorem. The default value prints the -word, number and title with a colon in bold, and inserts them and two -spaces into the first paragraph of the body. Another good value is -@ID @Code { "@TheoremFormat { @B { word @NumSep number title } @LP body }" } -which places the header in bold on a line by itself, separated from the -body by a paragraph break. For @Code "@NumSep" see page {@PageOf numsep}. -@PP -Owing to problems behind the scenes, the @Code "@Theorem" symbol and its -companions have a potential efficiency problem: although all numbers are -finalized on the second run, it takes Lout time proportional to the square -of the highest theorem number to do this. So large numbers of theorems -numbered together might be slow. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/su_crest.eps b/doc/doc/user/su_crest.eps deleted file mode 100644 index 95bc0f9..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/su_crest.eps +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1156 +0,0 @@ -%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0 -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 60 53 -%%Pages: 1 -%%Title: Crest for The University of Sydney -%%Creator: jaa@cs.su.oz.au encapsulated by rex@cs.su.oz.au -%%+ Converted for colour and bug fixes by Rex. -%%CreationDate: Wed May 13 18:02:34 EST 1992 -%%+ Converted for colour: Tue Jul 7 20:06:30 EST 1992 -%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Bold -%%EndComments -%%BeginProlog -%%EndProlog -%%BeginSetup -%%EndSetup - -% PMS colours -% red - 185 -% blue - 286 -% gold - 871 -gsave -.01 dup scale --1988 -1050 translate -/colour 1 def % set to one if colour -/pathtextdict 27 dict def - -/pathtext - { pathtextdict begin - /spacing exch def - /offset exch def - /str exch def - /pathdist 0 def - /offset offset str 0 1 getinterval stringwidth pop 2 div add def - /setdist offset def - /charcount 0 def - gsave flattenpath - {movetoproc} {linetoproc} {} {closepathproc} pathforall - grestore - newpath - end } def - -pathtextdict begin - -/movetoproc - { /newy exch def /newx exch def - /firstx newx def /firsty newy def - /ovr setdist pathdist sub def - newx newy transform - /cpy exch def /cpx exch def } def - -/linetoproc - { /oldx newx def /oldy newy def - /newy exch def /newx exch def - /dx newx oldx sub def - /dy newy oldy sub def - /dist dx dup mul dy dup mul add sqrt def - dist 0 ne - { /dsx dx dist div ovr mul def - /dsy dy dist div ovr mul def - oldx dsx add oldy dsy add transform - /cpy exch def /cpx exch def - /pathdist pathdist dist add def - { setdist pathdist le - { charcount str length lt - {setchar} {exit} ifelse } - { /ovr setdist pathdist sub def - exit } - ifelse } loop } if } def - -/closepathproc - { firstx firsty linetoproc - firstx firsty movetoproc } def - -/setchar - { /char str charcount 1 getinterval def - /charcount charcount 1 add def - /charwidth char stringwidth pop def - gsave - cpx cpy itransform translate - dy dx atan rotate - charwidth -2 div 0 moveto char show - /charwidth str length charcount gt - { str charcount 1 getinterval stringwidth pop } - { 0 } ifelse charwidth add 2 div def - charwidth 0 moveto - currentpoint transform - /cpy exch def /cpx exch def - grestore - /setdist setdist charwidth spacing add add def } def -end -/gold_colour { - colour 0 ne - { 0.9453 0.6206 0.004 setrgbcolor } - { 1 setgray } - ifelse -} def -/blue_colour { - colour 0 ne -% { 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } -% { 1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor } - { 0.0599 0.0526 0.5493 setrgbcolor } - { 1 setgray } - ifelse -} def -/red_colour { - colour 0 ne - { 0.9375 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } - { 1 setgray } - ifelse -} def -/c { curveto } def -/m { moveto } def -/l { lineto } def - -/sym1 { 5000 1939 m -4974 2006 4971 2065 4924 2119 c -4909 2137 4893 2152 4870 2153 c -4845 2154 4824 2141 4811 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-2657 3302 2652 3361 2676 3411 c -2698 3457 2745 3480 2796 3479 c -2848 3478 2888 3433 2900 3382 c -2976 3532 2884 3672 2865 3839 c -2853 3951 2882 4059 2972 4127 c -3035 4175 3120 4184 3186 4141 c -3233 4110 3249 4047 3232 3993 c -3306 4030 3338 4126 3312 4204 c -3286 4278 3221 4333 3143 4334 c -3082 4335 3030 4290 3012 4231 c -2987 4270 2970 4307 2979 4352 c -2991 4411 3040 4445 3096 4466 c -3052 4496 3012 4518 2959 4515 c -2915 4512 2887 4486 2857 4455 c -2857 4526 2870 4594 2928 4636 c } def -/sym2 { 3004 4693 3106 4680 3188 4630 c -3195 4668 3210 4699 3241 4721 c -3280 4749 3325 4751 3370 4734 c -3324 4681 3347 4603 3386 4544 c -3428 4480 3447 4422 3454 4346 c -3491 4560 3479 4786 3309 4922 c -3309 4871 3298 4821 3255 4794 c -3200 4760 3143 4771 3080 4784 c -2987 4804 2933 4885 2837 4880 c -2806 4878 2771 4868 2762 4837 c -2750 4800 2777 4768 2801 4737 c -2736 4747 2662 4782 2659 4848 c -2657 4904 2696 4947 2744 4976 c -2706 4986 2676 4992 2637 4986 c -2650 5022 2666 5051 2700 5067 c -2751 5090 2798 5075 2851 5060 c -2854 5126 2881 5190 2942 5213 c -2997 5235 3049 5211 3099 5180 c -3043 5175 2983 5150 2972 5095 c -2960 5029 2985 4969 3033 4922 c -3045 4972 3068 5004 3102 5043 c -3175 5126 3245 5203 3235 5313 c -3228 5402 3182 5463 3122 5528 c -3096 5557 3073 5580 3067 5618 c -3059 5671 3076 5722 3118 5756 c -3174 5801 3245 5811 3313 5787 c -3350 5775 3378 5745 3382 5707 c -3387 5660 3355 5625 3320 5594 c -3378 5596 3424 5615 3465 5657 c -3488 5680 3500 5709 3492 5741 c -3479 5789 3422 5808 3372 5807 c -3398 5849 3436 5877 3485 5879 c -3540 5881 3582 5851 3621 5812 c -3626 5868 3617 5910 3633 5965 c -3647 6015 3678 6046 3720 6077 c -3728 6032 3736 5996 3761 5957 c -3793 6007 3828 6041 3883 6062 c -3939 6083 3991 6081 4047 6060 c -3996 6024 3964 5988 3935 5934 c -3967 5942 3991 5948 4021 5962 c -4016 5935 4014 5915 4008 5889 c -4103 5911 4184 5919 4273 5880 c -4323 5858 4354 5820 4374 5768 c -4396 5801 4407 5829 4419 5867 c -4426 5890 4435 5908 4453 5924 c -4487 5953 4511 5975 4544 6004 c -4556 5978 4563 5960 4575 5935 c -4629 5971 4670 5993 4721 6033 c -4730 5997 4739 5972 4751 5937 c -4775 5951 4795 5964 4806 5990 c -4816 6013 4815 6039 4797 6057 c -4771 6083 4733 6075 4696 6068 c -4704 6112 4719 6149 4757 6172 c -4799 6198 4847 6189 4892 6169 c -4896 6198 4905 6220 4923 6243 c -4942 6267 4969 6275 5000 6276 c -closepath 0 setgray fill } def -/sym3 { 5000 6214 m -4943 6214 4937 6122 4950 6067 c -4900 6113 4830 6146 4770 6114 c -4809 6102 4847 6083 4855 6044 c -4876 5953 4780 5890 4699 5844 c -4690 5859 4685 5870 4676 5885 c -4687 5894 4695 5900 4705 5908 c -4700 5925 4697 5938 4692 5955 c -4663 5938 4642 5927 4615 5910 c -4588 5893 4579 5868 4565 5840 c -4549 5838 4538 5837 4522 5836 c -4531 5867 4536 5892 4530 5924 c -4495 5894 4471 5865 4457 5821 c -4444 5776 4425 5744 4391 5712 c -4388 5697 4383 5687 4376 5673 c -4469 5733 4547 5769 4656 5786 c -4818 5811 4930 5924 5000 6072 c -closepath gold_colour fill -5000 2189 m -4938 2287 4857 2343 4746 2376 c -4678 2396 4629 2419 4570 2459 c -4567 2441 4563 2427 4557 2410 c -4614 2373 4657 2348 4717 2315 c -4676 2303 4642 2301 4606 2277 c -4637 2276 4659 2271 4688 2262 c -4643 2233 4615 2195 4602 2143 c -4652 2176 4692 2196 4748 2215 c -4749 2183 4753 2160 4763 2130 c -4787 2168 4816 2203 4861 2204 c -4925 2205 4976 2156 5000 2096 c -closepath gold_colour fill -4392 2432 m -4408 2444 4419 2476 4402 2484 c -4390 2489 4373 2482 4371 2469 c -4368 2450 4354 2439 4337 2430 c -4322 2422 4305 2425 4292 2436 c -4269 2456 4267 2491 4281 2518 c -4302 2562 4346 2582 4395 2588 c -4443 2593 4494 2578 4515 2534 c -4533 2497 4520 2455 4494 2422 c -4429 2336 4347 2292 4241 2272 c -4078 2243 3955 2308 3798 2362 c -3712 2391 3644 2402 3552 2403 c -3526 2403 3502 2415 3489 2438 c } def -/sym4 { 3478 2458 3480 2484 3496 2500 c -3511 2515 3533 2519 3552 2510 c -3577 2498 3586 2477 3603 2454 c -3616 2466 3627 2472 3641 2482 c -3611 2524 3575 2566 3524 2561 c -3489 2558 3459 2538 3448 2505 c -3371 2498 3317 2460 3262 2407 c -3251 2431 3260 2453 3265 2479 c -3203 2492 3143 2480 3097 2436 c -3096 2455 3095 2471 3107 2487 c -3142 2535 3198 2539 3256 2554 c -3211 2591 3168 2607 3111 2619 c -3127 2634 3139 2645 3158 2654 c -3250 2647 3315 2628 3406 2609 c -3408 2621 3408 2631 3410 2643 c -3340 2669 3285 2680 3211 2689 c -3152 2696 3112 2723 3063 2756 c -3103 2781 3140 2795 3187 2788 c -3134 2861 3054 2899 2965 2890 c -3045 2966 3170 2921 3265 2864 c -3251 2897 3248 2926 3254 2962 c -3340 2893 3343 2793 3410 2707 c -3422 2716 3431 2723 3443 2732 c -3372 2844 3351 2965 3233 3026 c -3227 3016 3223 3008 3218 2997 c -3175 3107 3141 3187 3116 3302 c -3124 3313 3128 3322 3135 3333 c -3160 3280 3179 3241 3192 3184 c -3252 3221 3277 3279 3291 3349 c -3355 3062 3431 2842 3621 2618 c -3809 2396 4163 2253 4392 2432 c -closepath gold_colour fill -3039 4863 m -2983 4908 2943 4954 2927 5024 c -2915 5080 2929 5128 2960 5175 c -2899 5138 2888 5055 2909 4986 c -2847 5018 2791 5045 2724 5028 c -2766 5018 2795 4995 2820 4959 c -2781 4942 2744 4934 2720 4898 c -2705 4875 2705 4845 2720 4822 c -2727 4875 2775 4915 2829 4920 c -2912 4928 2966 4873 3045 4844 c -3043 4851 3042 4856 3039 4863 c -closepath gold_colour } def -/sym5 { 3771 5716 m -3765 5719 3760 5721 3754 5724 c -3770 5759 3789 5787 3823 5803 c -3878 5829 3926 5846 3959 5896 c -3928 5887 3906 5879 3877 5866 c -3878 5934 3908 5984 3952 6036 c -3868 6021 3814 5962 3770 5888 c -3735 5918 3714 5947 3698 5990 c -3657 5925 3671 5860 3657 5785 c -3646 5724 3605 5682 3549 5656 c -3576 5689 3603 5723 3592 5765 c -3578 5817 3517 5835 3463 5835 c -3513 5807 3554 5753 3539 5697 c -3504 5571 3311 5510 3202 5581 c -3175 5599 3155 5628 3162 5659 c -3170 5697 3216 5709 3255 5709 c -3264 5709 3272 5699 3272 5690 c -3272 5682 3266 5673 3258 5672 c -3242 5672 3219 5667 3219 5650 c -3219 5634 3234 5620 3250 5619 c -3283 5618 3311 5638 3327 5667 c -3340 5692 3331 5728 3306 5741 c -3261 5764 3210 5761 3167 5733 c -3130 5710 3107 5670 3114 5627 c -3125 5558 3186 5514 3254 5498 c -3369 5471 3464 5510 3568 5565 c -3734 5651 3855 5715 4032 5775 c -4106 5801 4192 5825 4246 5767 c -4264 5748 4269 5713 4249 5695 c -4238 5684 4222 5684 4207 5688 c -4197 5690 4189 5710 4198 5714 c -4205 5717 4213 5722 4212 5729 c -4210 5738 4203 5742 4196 5747 c -4180 5756 4160 5757 4145 5747 c -4128 5736 4119 5718 4119 5698 c -4119 5657 4151 5616 4192 5612 c -4242 5608 4293 5626 4316 5670 c -4339 5715 4335 5769 4301 5806 c -4259 5852 4200 5860 4138 5854 c -4067 5848 4018 5824 3948 5818 c -3890 5771 3825 5768 3771 5716 c -closepath gold_colour fill -3351 3504 m -3316 3561 3252 3571 3187 3584 c -3110 3600 3060 3641 3004 3697 c -3016 3707 3025 3713 3037 3724 c -3101 3660 3167 3625 3257 3613 c -3312 3606 3361 3640 3388 3688 c -3411 3731 3408 3781 3382 3822 c -3364 3849 3334 3858 3302 3859 c -3271 3861 3242 3842 3231 3813 c -3222 3791 3221 3763 3240 3749 c -3253 3739 3284 3740 3285 3757 c -3286 3768 3301 3773 3312 3771 c -3322 3769 3329 3757 3326 3747 c -3322 3727 3305 3714 3284 3708 c -3256 3700 3230 3704 3203 3718 c -3115 3764 3064 3837 3037 3933 c -3113 3879 3205 3865 3289 3905 c -3595 4053 3667 4488 3532 4801 c -3477 4929 3390 5011 3265 5073 c -3297 5102 3328 5121 3371 5123 c } def -/sym6 { 3413 5125 3443 5105 3479 5084 c -3476 5132 3466 5167 3451 5214 c -3527 5188 3578 5153 3638 5100 c -3632 5179 3602 5235 3556 5299 c -3590 5327 3613 5351 3634 5389 c -3530 5370 3412 5363 3351 5450 c -3310 5451 3280 5452 3240 5461 c -3287 5354 3297 5242 3236 5142 c -3194 5074 3147 5036 3101 4970 c -3075 4931 3081 4876 3115 4844 c -3144 4817 3187 4810 3223 4827 c -3260 4844 3270 4889 3265 4928 c -3262 4944 3246 4954 3230 4952 c -3215 4951 3195 4943 3196 4927 c -3198 4910 3191 4886 3174 4887 c -3140 4888 3147 4960 3174 4980 c -3197 4996 3221 5002 3248 4995 c -3457 4941 3527 4682 3509 4467 c -3501 4375 3484 4302 3429 4228 c -3414 4238 3403 4244 3389 4254 c -3422 4339 3411 4425 3360 4500 c -3318 4562 3278 4620 3293 4695 c -3239 4664 3226 4599 3234 4538 c -3175 4590 3117 4626 3039 4626 c -2987 4625 2949 4593 2920 4550 c -3017 4578 3119 4523 3169 4436 c -3099 4425 3027 4388 3017 4318 c -3072 4363 3134 4389 3203 4373 c -3269 4357 3316 4315 3344 4253 c -3384 4164 3381 4054 3308 3990 c -3269 3956 3220 3939 3171 3956 c -3138 3948 3102 3956 3083 3984 c -3070 4003 3072 4027 3084 4047 c -3094 4064 3113 4077 3132 4073 c -3145 4070 3154 4057 3153 4044 c -3152 4035 3146 4027 3137 4025 c -3130 4024 3125 4024 3119 4026 c -3114 4015 3122 4001 3134 3997 c -3152 3992 3170 4004 3181 4019 c -3192 4037 3190 4058 3182 4078 c -3173 4098 3158 4113 3137 4118 c -3063 4138 2984 4100 2947 4034 c -2887 3928 2905 3819 2938 3702 c -2978 3561 2993 3351 2852 3312 c -2826 3305 2798 3300 2778 3318 c -2760 3335 2756 3368 2774 3386 c -2782 3395 2797 3400 2806 3392 c -2813 3385 2815 3372 2808 3364 c -2804 3358 2809 3347 2816 3347 c -2833 3346 2851 3352 2857 3367 c -2865 3390 2850 3414 2830 3427 c -2803 3444 2768 3445 2742 3426 c -2715 3406 2703 3372 2710 3338 c -2719 3293 2759 3258 2805 3257 c -2904 3254 2972 3321 3034 3397 c -3040 3365 3047 3342 3053 3310 c -3088 3343 3108 3375 3125 3420 c -3173 3371 3193 3321 3214 3256 c -3249 3322 3255 3386 3240 3459 c -3283 3440 3321 3428 3368 3437 c -3376 3438 3379 3449 3376 3457 c -3370 3475 3361 3487 3351 3504 c -closepath gold_colour fill } def - -/sym7 { -%main interior -5000 2313 m -4955 2385 4880 2430 4730 2470 c -4670 2490 4630 2538 4621 2553 c -4641 2530 4630 2538 4621 2553 c -4585 2613 4538 2650 4472 2670 c -4397 2694 4326 2682 4259 2639 c -4193 2598 4169 2523 4172 2445 c -3789 2440 3543 2822 3392 3344 c -3431 3350 3458 3359 3495 3371 c -3490 3425 3475 3465 3415 3578 c -3530 3685 3540 3805 3441 3896 c -3632 4058 3686 4286 3678 4536 c -3673 4730 3650 4830 3573 4935 c -3573 5041 l -3596 5023 3630 4992 3667 4942 c -3740 5075 3732 5205 3670 5295 c -3713 5352 3745 5410 3780 5495 c -3692 5468 3608 5445 3533 5440 c -4026 5680 l -4040 5593 4125 5530 4250 5530 c -4310 5530 4415 5580 4453 5616 c -4514 5658 4607 5693 4661 5699 c -4823 5717 4930 5780 5000 5890 c -closepath 1 setgray fill } def -/sym8 { -% Banner outside -5000 1556 m -4862 1556 4759 1613 4651 1699 c -4509 1814 4423 1918 4279 2033 c -4149 2137 4015 2173 3848 2182 c -3697 2189 3587 2175 3436 2165 c -3273 2154 3136 2138 2993 2218 c -2923 2257 2875 2297 2823 2359 c -2818 2365 2826 2373 2832 2378 c -2864 2398 2887 2412 2919 2433 c -2954 2455 2947 2512 2922 2545 c -2881 2600 2850 2641 2823 2703 c -2793 2771 2795 2830 2758 2894 c -2745 2916 2720 2935 2696 2927 c -2647 2911 2610 2902 2561 2886 c -2557 2885 2552 2889 2550 2894 c -2530 2941 2515 2976 2502 3027 c -2500 3032 2505 3038 2510 3040 c -2546 3054 2573 3062 2609 3075 c -2626 3081 2638 3091 2645 3108 c -2652 3125 2651 3142 2643 3159 c -2619 3213 2586 3244 2561 3297 c -2538 3350 2530 3393 2511 3448 c -2500 3481 2452 3494 2421 3478 c -2291 3413 2194 3370 2064 3305 c -2034 3289 2015 3267 2004 3236 c -1988 3194 2014 3153 2048 3124 c -2053 3119 2059 3111 2065 3115 c -2075 3120 2082 3124 2092 3130 c -2102 3135 2116 3133 2121 3123 c -2134 3092 2150 3073 2169 3046 c -2174 3040 2177 3030 2171 3026 c -2144 3007 2124 2995 2097 2977 c -2081 2966 2072 2948 2074 2928 c -2078 2872 2082 2830 2101 2778 c -2125 2717 2157 2677 2203 2631 c -2210 2624 2219 2620 2228 2623 c -2254 2631 2274 2637 2300 2646 c -2307 2648 2315 2644 2318 2638 c -2330 2616 2332 2597 2339 2574 c -2340 2568 2336 2562 2330 2558 c -2303 2539 2280 2531 2251 2515 c -2240 2509 2234 2497 2237 2484 c -2293 2264 2369 2102 2522 1934 c -2640 1804 2769 1740 2940 1699 c -3122 1655 3264 1689 3451 1705 c -3631 1720 3776 1743 3942 1673 c -4083 1613 4148 1508 4263 1408 c -4485 1215 4706 1090 5000 1090 c -closepath 0 setgray fill } def - -/sym9 { 5000 1502 m -4722 1503 4558 1710 4353 1898 c -4199 2039 4042 2129 3833 2132 c -3632 2136 3486 2109 3286 2101 c -3149 2096 3040 2122 2923 2194 c -2745 2303 2674 2468 2599 2664 c -2500 2600 2426 2557 2324 2497 c -2385 2294 2456 2143 2606 1994 c -2761 1838 2945 1768 3165 1777 c -3357 1784 3497 1797 3689 1807 c -3873 1817 4023 1758 4161 1638 c -4301 1516 4393 1411 4554 1319 c -4703 1234 4828 1178 5000 1177 c -closepath 1 setgray fill -2660 2661 m -2695 2563 2727 2492 2784 2405 c -2798 2413 2808 2420 2822 2430 c -2771 2508 2758 2578 2721 2663 c -2712 2683 2692 2706 2671 2697 c -2658 2692 2655 2674 2660 2661 c -closepath 1 setgray fill -2608 2857 m -2597 2853 2589 2851 2577 2847 c -2586 2839 2592 2833 2602 2826 c -2606 2837 2606 2846 2608 2857 c -closepath 1 setgray fill -2390 2680 m -2403 2655 2407 2634 2412 2607 c -2482 2651 2535 2679 2607 2721 c -2633 2736 2659 2747 2688 2739 c -2726 2728 2751 2702 2766 2665 c -2795 2595 2806 2539 2845 2474 c -2853 2460 2869 2447 2883 2454 c -2901 2463 2894 2490 2885 2508 c -2851 2572 2813 2612 2784 2679 c -2758 2740 2752 2789 2729 2851 c -2722 2870 2709 2890 2689 2888 c -2670 2887 2663 2864 2662 2845 c -2660 2803 2625 2773 2586 2757 c -2514 2728 2462 2707 2390 2680 c -closepath 1 setgray fill -2481 3136 m -2479 3113 2479 3094 2486 3072 c -2500 3078 2510 3082 2524 3088 c -2512 3108 2500 3121 2481 3136 c -closepath 1 setgray fill } def -/syma { -2429 3113 m -2333 3058 2261 3021 2166 2965 c -2173 2856 2202 2775 2261 2684 c -2368 2725 2447 2754 2553 2799 c -2482 2901 2455 2992 2429 3113 c -closepath 1 setgray fill -2472 3422 m -2469 3434 2457 3445 2445 3441 c -2434 3436 2427 3423 2430 3411 c -2438 3381 2452 3362 2471 3338 c -2373 3280 2300 3241 2200 3186 c -2219 3144 2234 3114 2259 3077 c -2326 3114 2374 3141 2441 3178 c -2466 3191 2497 3200 2518 3182 c -2549 3156 2567 3134 2593 3105 c -2600 3136 2599 3166 2579 3190 c -2552 3224 2532 3250 2514 3289 c -2493 3336 2484 3372 2472 3422 c -closepath 1 setgray fill -2380 3392 m -2379 3400 2368 3406 2361 3402 c -2269 3354 2202 3321 2112 3270 c -2093 3260 2096 3233 2102 3212 c -2103 3210 2105 3206 2107 3208 c -2210 3264 2288 3301 2391 3358 c -2386 3370 2383 3380 2380 3392 c -closepath 1 setgray fill } def -/symb_colour { -% cross in 'azure' blue -blue_colour -5000 2313 m -4955 2385 4880 2430 4730 2470 c -4670 2490 l -4670 3220 l -3430 3220 l -3392 3344 l -3431 3350 3458 3359 3495 3371 c -3490 3425 3475 3465 3415 3578 c -3530 3685 3500 3805 3490 3813 c -4670 3813 l -4670 4582 l -5000 4582 l -closepath fill -% Chief Gules -red_colour -5000 4582 m -3675 4582 l -3673 4730 3650 4830 3573 4935 c -3573 5041 l -3596 5023 3630 4992 3667 4942 c -3740 5075 3732 5205 3670 5295 c -3713 5352 3745 5410 3780 5495 c -3692 5468 3608 5445 3533 5440 c -4026 5680 l -4040 5593 4125 5530 4250 5530 c -4310 5530 4415 5580 4453 5616 c -4514 5658 4607 5693 4661 5699 c -4823 5717 4930 5780 5000 5890 c -closepath fill -% and now some lines around the cross, and at the base of the lion field -0 setgray -16 setlinewidth -3675 4582 m 5000 4582 l stroke -3490 3813 m 4670 3813 l 4670 4582 l stroke -3430 3220 m 4670 3220 l 4670 2490 l stroke -} def -/book_clasp { -2 copy -gold_colour -m -50 0 rlineto -0 50 rlineto --50 0 rlineto -closepath fill -2 copy -0 setgray -m -50 0 rlineto -stroke -m -0 50 rmoveto -50 0 rlineto -stroke -} def -/sym_book { -% Book outline -% First fill the outline -1 setgray -5000 3742 m -4856 3798 4755 3804 4671 3700 c -4671 3325 l -5329 3325 l -5329 3700 l -5245 3804 5144 3798 5000 3742 c -closepath fill -% along the base of the book colour it gold -gold_colour -5329 3315 m -5227 3420 5114 3413 5000 3363 c -4886 3413 4773 3420 4671 3315 c -closepath fill -% Clasps for the book -% Firstly colour the clasps gold -gold_colour -8 setlinewidth -4671 3355 m -4611 3355 l -4611 3700 l -4671 3700 l -closepath -gsave -fill -grestore -0 setgray -stroke -% and strokes on the clasp holder -3412 58 3644 { dup 4611 exch m 4671 exch l stroke } for -4671 3300 m 4671 3700 l stroke -% Now do the three book clasps -5329 3400 book_clasp -5329 3500 book_clasp -5329 3600 book_clasp -% then actually draw the book in black -16 setlinewidth -0 setgray -5000 3742 m -5000 3363 l -4886 3413 4773 3420 4671 3315 c -4671 3700 l -4755 3804 4856 3798 5000 3742 c -closepath stroke -5329 3700 m -5245 3804 5144 3798 5000 3742 c -5000 3363 l -5114 3413 5227 3420 5329 3315 c -5329 3700 l -closepath stroke -5337 3300 m -4663 3300 l -stroke -% Stroke along the spine of the book -5000 3300 m -5000 3742 l -stroke -% Line to the sides of the book -22 setlinewidth -4716 3360 m -4716 3750 l -stroke -5284 3360 m -5284 3750 l -stroke -0 setgray -% finally some fine text lines on the book -4 setlinewidth -3470 60 3710 { dup dup dup dup dup dup dup - 4766 exch m 4840 exch l stroke - 5234 exch m 5160 exch l stroke - 4877 exch m 4953 exch l stroke - 5123 exch m 5047 exch l stroke - } for -} def -/symb_mono { -0 setgray 30 setlinewidth -% bottom most horizontal stroke -4860 2400 m 5000 2400 l stroke -% Horizontal strokes to base of book -2500 100 3200 { dup 4670 exch m 5000 exch l stroke } for -% strokes to the sides of the book -3300 100 3700 { dup 3400 exch m 5000 exch l stroke } for -% horiz strokes above the book -3800 100 4500 { dup 4670 exch m 5000 exch l stroke } for -% Vertical strokes to the top of the figure -3614 5450 m 3614 5520 l stroke -5060 5580 5620 5680 5720 5590 5570 5580 5620 5690 5720 5740 5770 5860 5950 -5000 -99 3614 { dup 4620 m exch l stroke } for -% bottom dark horizontal line for cross -84 setlinewidth 3400 3220 m 4696 3220 l stroke -% Top dark horizontal line for cross -56 setlinewidth 3460 3813 m 4696 3813 l stroke -% Bottom dark line for vertical strokes -92 setlinewidth 3650 4582 m 5000 4582 l stroke -} def - -/sym { sym1 sym2 sym3 sym4 sym5 sym6 sym7 sym8 sym9 syma - colour 0 ne - { symb_colour } - { symb_mono } - ifelse -} def - -% Draw the main body of the crest.. -0 setlinecap -5000 0 translate -1 1 scale -5000 0 translate sym -5000 0 translate -1 1 scale -5000 0 translate sym -sym_book -colour 0 eq -{ - % draw the dark & light edges for the cross - 30 setlinewidth - 4681 3813 m 4681 4582 l stroke - 4681 3220 m 4681 2400 l stroke - 84 setlinewidth - 5346 3813 m 5346 4582 l stroke - 5346 3220 m 5346 2400 l stroke -} if - -/star { --41 -82 rlineto --112 42 rlineto -39 -90 rlineto --85 -52 rlineto -87 -48 rlineto --28 -86 rlineto -93 33 rlineto -45 -89 rlineto -44 83 rlineto -90 -28 rlineto --27 106 rlineto -75 45 rlineto --77 42 rlineto -28 82 rlineto --90 -24 rlineto --41 66 rlineto closepath } def -% Draw the lion in black -0 setlinewidth -5863 4715 m -5825 4660 5740 4655 5695 4700 c -5660 4670 5608 4670 5582 4700 c -5553 4730 5555 4780 5588 4800 c -5554 4852 5576 4902 5655 4895 c -5668 4893 5678 4900 5678 4910 c -5678 4970 l -5607 4971 5546 4980 5481 5020 c -5481 4875 l -5363 4930 5323 4890 5364 4810 c -5267 4842 5240 4830 5245 4735 c -5174 4810 5112 4773 5146 4703 c -5115 4655 5055 4640 5021 4678 c -4972 4677 4934 4694 4923 4723 c -4910 4757 4917 4798 4955 4822 c -4932 4850 4952 4875 4983 4896 c -5012 4918 5050 4911 5077 4892 c -5190 4970 l -5127 5061 l -5010 4973 4928 4950 4870 4962 c -4845 4910 4795 4875 4733 4858 c -4659 4942 4610 4932 4602 4804 c -4520 4855 4483 4842 4460 4757 c -4422 4782 4393 4781 4367 4760 c -4378 4710 4357 4672 4326 4659 c -4285 4648 4240 4655 4223 4697 c -4167 4693 4137 4720 4115 4752 c -4112 4790 4130 4828 4183 4840 c -4183 4875 4192 4901 4222 4920 c -4248 4939 4272 4930 4313 4904 c -4315 4980 4272 5010 4225 4994 c -4233 5040 4231 5070 4195 5080 c -4149 5060 4095 5062 4075 5090 c -4050 5112 4045 5159 4074 5193 c -4047 5238 4050 5270 4075 5301 c -4108 5338 4162 5330 4196 5298 c -4232 5320 4262 5315 4287 5285 c -4304 5262 4312 5220 4275 5181 c -4387 5072 l -4430 5095 l -4408 5132 4395 5145 4395 5175 c -4375 5193 4355 5219 4347 5251 c -4302 5293 4300 5330 4335 5367 c -4283 5422 4314 5485 4393 5483 c -4407 5531 4465 5552 4506 5530 c -4545 5561 4615 5562 4655 5530 c -4716 5543 4762 5522 4770 5472 c -4835 5490 4855 5422 4813 5372 c -4844 5313 l -4960 5313 l -4865 5422 4870 5514 5015 5575 c -5035 5631 5067 5658 5114 5700 c -5128 5713 5153 5702 5151 5672 c -5150 5617 l -5195 5656 5240 5660 5258 5628 c -5267 5611 5259 5586 5204 5530 c -5220 5511 5227 5470 5207 5423 c -5255 5442 5300 5467 5334 5485 c -5473 5565 5652 5553 5728 5450 c -5771 5382 5770 5338 5708 5272 c -5673 5245 5674 5200 5702 5173 c -5745 5131 5802 5110 5865 5093 c -5810 5033 5813 5010 5866 4968 c -5795 4925 5795 4898 5863 4850 c -5786 4791 5783 4760 5863 4715 c -5539 5324 m -5565 5327 5589 5328 5607 5348 c -5620 5363 5615 5388 5601 5403 c -5586 5421 5562 5419 5539 5418 c -5470 5406 5386 5372 5332 5324 c -5539 5324 l -closepath 0 setgray fill -% We firstly fix problems, -% The hole in the tail -red_colour -5091 5462 m -5083 5471 5073 5475 5062 5475 c -5050 5475 5040 5471 5032 5462 c -5023 5454 5019 5444 5019 5433 c -5019 5421 5023 5411 5032 5403 c -5040 5394 5050 5390 5062 5390 c -5073 5390 5083 5394 5091 5403 c -5100 5411 5104 5421 5104 5433 c -5104 5444 5100 5454 5091 5462 c -closepath fill -% Inside of right fore paw -4294 5212 m -4287 5200 4282 5191 4274 5180 c -4280 5173 4287 5171 4294 5164 c -4294 5182 4295 5195 4294 5212 c -closepath fill -% Rest of the right fore paw -4328 5261 m -4328 5212 4328 5176 4328 5127 c -4347 5110 4360 5098 4379 5080 c -4386 5074 4401 5084 4400 5094 c -4400 5120 4396 5138 4396 5164 c -4395 5179 4386 5190 4375 5200 c -4354 5219 4354 5250 4328 5261 c -closepath fill -% and now in the rest in gold -gold_colour -% crotch -5300 5162 m -5326 5166 5354 5166 5371 5145 c -5344 5139 5321 5146 5300 5162 c -% Right hind leg -closepath fill -5316 4855 m -5271 4863 5221 4835 5211 4791 c -5188 4803 5166 4806 5141 4798 c -5107 4787 5107 4741 5109 4704 c -5096 4692 5085 4679 5067 4680 c -5044 4682 5030 4709 5033 4731 c -5034 4740 5010 4743 5009 4734 c -5007 4723 4998 4712 4987 4713 c -4962 4716 4939 4737 4939 4762 c -4939 4784 4964 4797 4986 4797 c -4995 4797 5003 4816 4995 4821 c -4979 4831 4973 4859 4987 4872 c -5010 4893 5051 4883 5071 4860 c -5123 4892 5160 4917 5211 4950 c -5221 4956 5224 4970 5218 4979 c -5200 5007 5187 5027 5171 5056 c -5162 5072 5157 5096 5173 5104 c -5207 5121 5231 5135 5264 5152 c -5299 5125 5338 5112 5382 5120 c -5405 5088 5425 5067 5451 5037 c -5450 4993 5449 4961 5449 4916 c -5416 4926 5386 4940 5356 4924 c -5330 4910 5318 4884 5316 4855 c -closepath fill -% Chest -4631 5190 m -4627 5148 4616 5095 4575 5091 c -4535 5087 4514 5140 4511 5180 c -4491 5152 4467 5122 4481 5091 c -4494 5062 4515 5048 4537 5025 c -4580 5046 4612 5060 4653 5085 c -4673 5097 4681 5120 4680 5144 c -4679 5168 4651 5175 4631 5190 c -closepath fill -% Main Body -4306 4871 m -4291 4896 4249 4908 4229 4888 c -4212 4871 4212 4841 4227 4824 c -4224 4819 4220 4817 4217 4812 c -4195 4813 4169 4805 4166 4784 c -4163 4765 4171 4745 4188 4737 c -4207 4728 4229 4738 4243 4753 c -4249 4748 4255 4746 4261 4742 c -4255 4722 4259 4695 4278 4688 c -4297 4682 4319 4681 4332 4696 c -4346 4713 4336 4734 4330 4755 c -4328 4762 4327 4769 4332 4775 c -4358 4805 4401 4817 4438 4801 c -4464 4849 4526 4868 4577 4851 c -4579 4891 4612 4926 4652 4932 c -4687 4936 4722 4923 4740 4892 c -4781 4908 4812 4928 4835 4965 c -4843 4977 4841 4989 4839 5002 c -4835 5027 4826 5043 4815 5065 c -4810 5074 4836 5085 4841 5076 c -4856 5048 4864 5026 4873 4996 c -4939 4998 4995 5004 5047 5045 c -5138 5116 5212 5185 5328 5191 c -5357 5192 5384 5181 5399 5156 c -5462 5050 5572 5010 5694 4995 c -5703 4994 5707 4984 5707 4975 c -5707 4912 5707 4866 5707 4802 c -5697 4802 5689 4802 5678 4801 c -5677 4822 5674 4837 5672 4858 c -5669 4883 5613 4876 5605 4853 c -5597 4833 5615 4813 5633 4800 c -5631 4793 5628 4787 5626 4780 c -5610 4780 5592 4778 5587 4764 c -5581 4748 5584 4729 5598 4719 c -5613 4708 5630 4703 5649 4709 c -5668 4714 5679 4728 5690 4745 c -5698 4744 5703 4743 5711 4742 c -5718 4710 5767 4698 5797 4712 c -5769 4752 5770 4807 5801 4845 c -5773 4874 5770 4922 5794 4954 c -5772 4992 5773 5033 5791 5072 c -5745 5094 5709 5112 5675 5150 c -5643 5186 5635 5231 5647 5277 c -5688 5310 5718 5357 5707 5410 c -5691 5483 5604 5514 5529 5511 c -5385 5505 5298 5418 5159 5379 c -5109 5365 5062 5347 5019 5374 c -4997 5388 4981 5409 4982 5436 c -4983 5465 5003 5488 5030 5500 c -5052 5510 5077 5511 5097 5497 c -5118 5482 5125 5460 5127 5435 c -5128 5423 5147 5413 5157 5419 c -5175 5430 5187 5447 5185 5468 c -5182 5495 5172 5513 5161 5537 c -5187 5554 5199 5574 5217 5599 c -5222 5606 5204 5619 5198 5613 c -5175 5593 5153 5586 5128 5568 c -5122 5563 5107 5568 5107 5576 c -5110 5608 5110 5631 5109 5663 c -5072 5629 5045 5590 5050 5541 c -4992 5542 4922 5509 4919 5451 c -4916 5384 4969 5341 5021 5300 c -4954 5296 4904 5297 4836 5293 c -4833 5276 4821 5264 4806 5256 c -4798 5223 4777 5202 4749 5185 c -4742 5157 4725 5138 4701 5122 c -4694 5093 4682 5069 4657 5054 c -4531 4981 4435 4936 4306 4871 c -5207 5299 l -5319 5353 5395 5408 5515 5439 c -5555 5450 5594 5453 5625 5426 c -5643 5411 5654 5391 5650 5368 c -5645 5330 5611 5298 5573 5297 c -5207 5299 l -closepath fill -% Mane below Left Ear -4774 5350 m -4765 5338 4761 5328 4755 5315 c -4770 5303 4780 5293 4793 5279 c -4800 5284 4804 5289 4810 5295 c -4805 5296 4802 5296 4798 5296 c -4798 5307 4798 5315 4797 5325 c -4796 5338 4783 5342 4774 5350 c -closepath fill -% Mane below Right Ear -4378 5312 m -4368 5324 4365 5337 4362 5352 c -4344 5342 4322 5328 4326 5308 c -4328 5296 4333 5287 4342 5278 c -4354 5292 4362 5302 4378 5312 c -closepath fill -% Mane below left Eye -4690 5230 m -4683 5217 4674 5209 4661 5200 c -4677 5187 4687 5177 4700 5161 c -4713 5173 4735 5196 4720 5207 c -4709 5216 4701 5222 4690 5230 c -closepath fill -% Mane below right Eye -4483 5195 m -4466 5201 4452 5207 4443 5221 c -4420 5208 4398 5174 4416 5155 c -4425 5145 4432 5139 4442 5131 c -4454 5156 4465 5173 4483 5195 c -closepath fill -% Face -4426 5435 m -4418 5454 4400 5481 4417 5491 c -4440 5505 4461 5512 4487 5509 c -4496 5508 4505 5506 4510 5498 c -4521 5479 4526 5464 4536 5444 c -4545 5445 4552 5447 4561 5447 c -4556 5473 4519 5512 4545 5518 c -4571 5524 4606 5536 4619 5512 c -4632 5489 4639 5471 4645 5445 c -4655 5447 4662 5447 4673 5448 c -4669 5471 4658 5508 4681 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3^.5 } -@Rowb - A { Binomial theorem } - B { @M { ( a + b ) sup n ^= sum from { k=0 } to { infty } -pmatrix { row ccol n row ccol k } a sup k b sup n-k -} } - C { 12^ } -} -As the example shows, the tables may contain spanning columns, aligned -columns, and rules, and the cells may contain arbitrary objects. -@FootNote { -There has been a slight change to {@Code "@Tbl"}, starting with Version -3.18: if you want columns whose entries are aligned (on decimal points, -equals signs, etc.), or the analogous thing with rows, you have to ask -for it now, whereas before it happened automatically. See -Section {@NumberOf tbl_alig} for the details. -} -@BeginSections - -@Include { tbl_intr } # introduction -@Include { tbl_cell } # cell formatting: font, break, width, paint -@Include { tbl_rows } # row formats and the @Row symbol -@Include { tbl_rule } # rules -@Include { tbl_marg } # margins -@Include { tbl_widt } # width and height -@Include { tbl_inde } # indenting and struts -@Include { tbl_alig } # aligned columns and headings over them -@Include { tbl_span } # spanning columns and rows -@Include { tbl_mark } # @MarkRow -@Include { tbl_mult } # multi-page tables -@Include { tbl_plai } # plain text tables -@Include { tbl_setu } # setup file options -@Include { tbl_summ } # summary - -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_alig b/doc/doc/user/tbl_alig deleted file mode 100644 index 0634f75..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_alig +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Aligned columns } - @Tag { tbl_alig } -@Begin -@PP -Columns of numbers are often presented with decimal points aligned: -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.aligned @SubIndex { aligned columns } -aligned.columns @Index { aligned columns in tables } -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - marginvertical { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell indent { align } A } -{ -@Rowa A { 5^.46 } marginabove { 0i } -@Rowa A { 3^.4159 } -@Rowa A { 5772^ } marginbelow { 0i } -} -To produce this you need two steps. First, indicate that you want -an aligned column, using @Code "indent { align }" on the relevant -cell; and second, place a @Code "^" symbol, which is used generally -throughout Lout for alignment, just before the alignment point in -each entry: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - marginvertical { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell indent { align } A } -{ -@Rowa A { 5^.46 } -@Rowa A { 3^.4159 } -@Rowa A { 5772^ } -} -} -The equals signs of equations can be aligned in the same way. -@PP -Owing to problems behind the scenes, in a column in which one cell is -labelled {@Code "indent { align }"}, all the other cells have to be -so labelled, otherwise Lout make a mess of things. This is a problem -when we want to get a heading over the top of an aligned column: if -we follow the rule, the @I heading gets aligned, which is wrong. There -is no ideal solution to this problem. -@PP -What most people want is for the heading to be centred in the column, and the -aligned entries to be centred in the column as a block, but Lout cannot -do this. One approximation is to make the heading cell a spanning -cell (Section {@NumberOf tbl_span}) with centring, like this: -@FootNote { Lout does not currently accept single-column tables -with {@Code "@StartHSpan"}, so we've had to add -an empty second column. } -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - marginvertical { 0.5vx } - aformat { @StartHSpan @Cell indent { ctr } @B A | } - bformat { @Cell indent { align } A | } -{ -@Rowa A { Head } -@Rowb A { 5^.46 } -@Rowb A { 3^.4159 } -@Rowb A { 5772^ } -} -} -The spanning quarantines the centred cell, permitting -@Code "indent { ctr }" to work: -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - marginvertical { 0.5vx } - aformat { @StartHSpan @Cell indent { ctr } @B A | } - bformat { @Cell indent { align } A | } -{ -@Rowa A { Head } marginabove { 0i } -@Rowb A { 5^.46 } -@Rowb A { 3^.4159 } -@Rowb A { 5772^ } marginbelow { 0i } -} -But if the heading cell is wider than the aligned cells, you get this: -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - marginvertical { 0.5vx } - aformat { @StartHSpan @Cell indent { ctr } @B A | } - bformat { @Cell indent { align } A | } -{ -@Rowa A { A Wider Heading } marginabove { 0i } -@Rowb A { 5^.46 } -@Rowb A { 3^.4159 } -@Rowb A { 5772^ } marginbelow { 0i } -} -In other words, this will centre a heading with respect -to aligned entries, but it will not centre aligned entries with -respect to a heading. In these cases you could forget about -@Code "@StartHSpan" and treat the heading as an aligned entry, -either by placing a @Code "^" within it or by using -@ID @Code "@Cell 0.5w @HShift A" -which places the alignment point in the centre of the entry: -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - indent { align } - marginvertical { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell 0.5w @HShift @B A } - bformat { @Cell A } -{ -@Rowa A { A Wider Heading } marginabove { 0i } -@Rowb A { 5^.46 } -@Rowb A { 3^.4159 } -@Rowb A { 5772^ } marginbelow { 0i } -} -You can move the alignment point about by changing the 0.5 to something -smaller or larger. Of course, all this is a poor substitute for the -real thing. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_cell b/doc/doc/user/tbl_cell deleted file mode 100644 index 9d98023..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_cell +++ /dev/null @@ -1,167 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the appearance of cells } - @Tag { tbl_cell } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Cell" symbol offers a few options for changing the appearance -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.paint @SubIndex { @Code "paint" option } -paint. @RawIndex { @Code "paint" option } -paint.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.font @SubIndex { @Code "font" option } -font.option. @RawIndex { @Code "font" option } -font.option.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.break @SubIndex { @Code "break" option } -break. @RawIndex { @Code "break" option } -break.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -of entries placed in it. Like all options, these -appear immediately after the @Code "@Cell" symbol, with their values in braces: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell paint { lightgrey } font { Italic } break { clines } A } -{ -@Rowa A { -IMPORTANT -Do not throw stones at this notice -} -} -} -The result here is -@CD -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell paint { lightgrey } font { Italic } break { clines } A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa A { -IMPORTANT -Do not throw stones at this notice -} -} -with a light grey background, Italic font, and -@Code "clines" paragraph breaking style. The paint colour -may be any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour}. -@PP -Wherever there is a @Code paint option in the standard packages, there -is a neighbouring @Code texture option, which causes the paint to be -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.texture @SubIndex { @Code "texture" option } -texture.option. @RawIndex { @Code "texture" option } -texture.option.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -applied according to a given texture. For a list of available -textures, consult Section {@NumberOf textures}; for how the @Code texture -option works, consult the description of the @Code texture option to the -@Code "@Box" symbol in Section {@NumberOf boxes} (all @Code texture -options work in the same way). Here's an example: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - width { 2f } - height { 2f } - aformat { -@Cell paint { black } texture { brickwork } A | @Cell B | -@Cell paint { black } texture { brickwork } C | @Cell D } - bformat { -@Cell A | @Cell paint { black } texture { brickwork } B | -@Cell C | @Cell paint { black } texture { brickwork } D } -{ -@Rowa -@Rowb -@Rowa -@Rowb -} -} -produces -@FootNote { If you can't see any textures here, the fault is probably -with your PostScript viewer. See Section {@NumberOf textures}. } -@CD @OneRow -@Tbl - width { 2f } - height { 2f } - aformat { -@Cell paint { black } texture { brickwork } A | @Cell B | -@Cell paint { black } texture { brickwork } C | @Cell D } - bformat { -@Cell A | @Cell paint { black } texture { brickwork } B | -@Cell C | @Cell paint { black } texture { brickwork } D } -{ -@Rowa -@Rowb -@Rowa -@Rowb -} -Another option, {@Code background}, allows an arbitrary object to be -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.background @SubIndex { @Code "background" option } -background.tables @Index { @Code "background" option (tables) } -placed in the background of the cell, in front of any paint but behind -the entry. -@PP -Later sections introduce other @Code "@Cell" options, for -fixed-width columns, indented entries, margins, and rules. It is also -possible to combine other symbols from Lout with cell formatting, by -placing them between the @Code "@Cell" symbol and its following letter, -rotated.entries @Index { rotated entries in tables } -like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell 90d @Rotate @S A | @Cell @B grey @Colour B } -{ -@Rowa - A { Col A } - B { Col B } -} -} -Think of the @Code "A" as standing for the value of the @Code "A" -option of the @Code "@Rowa" symbol (which it does), and you'll see -that this is just Lout's usual rule of symbols applying to the -object that follows them. The result here is -@CD @Tbl - aformat { @Cell 90d @Rotate @S A | @Cell @B grey @Colour B } -{ -@Rowa - A { Col A } - B { Col B } -} -In simple cases @Code "@B" is easier than {@Code "font { Bold }"}; -the latter is useful as a default value, as we will see in a moment. -Note the difference between a coloured background, obtained with -{@Code "paint"}, and a coloured entry, obtained using the @Code "@Colour" -symbol. -@PP -When an entry in a table consists of several paragraphs, it will usually -be best to enclose it in {@Code "@OneRow"}, since otherwise @Code "@Tbl" -is likely to take each paragraph as a separate row, leading to incorrect -vertical spacing. A convenient way to do this is -@ID @Code "aformat { @Cell @OneRow A | @Cell @OneRow B }" -and so on. -@PP -@Code "@Tbl" offers many places where you can set cell options. The meaning -of the option is the same wherever you set it; -what changes is the extent of its application. Taking the @Code "paint" -option as a representative example, the most specific place to set it -is at a @Code "@Cell" symbol as above; then it affects only that cell -in rows formatted using that format. Alternatively, -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - apaint { lightgrey } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B } -} -will paint every cell in the {@Code "aformat"}. And -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Rowa - paint { lightgrey } - A { ... } -} -will paint every cell in a particular row. To paint the entire table, use -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - paint { lightgrey } -} -And finally, there is a @Code "paint" option in the -setup file (Section {@NumberOf tbl_setu}), which if set will paint every -table in the document. When a more general setting of an option is -contradicted by a more specific setting (e.g. when @Code "@Tbl" has -@Code "paint { lightgrey }" but some cell or row has -{@Code "paint { none }"}), the more specific setting applies. For a -precise description, see Section {@NumberOf tbl_summ}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_inde b/doc/doc/user/tbl_inde deleted file mode 100644 index c8e02d4..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_inde +++ /dev/null @@ -1,69 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Indenting and struts } - @Tag { tbl_inde } -@Begin -@PP -By default, entries appear at the left within cells, not counting the -cell margin. The @Code indent option causes entries to be indented -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.indent @SubIndex { @Code "indent" option } -indent.tables @Index { @Code "indent" option (tables) } -horizontally. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code "@Cell indent { ctr }" -horizontally centres the entry within the cell. Other possible values -centred.entries @Index { centred entries in tables } -right.justified.entries @Index { right justified entries in tables } -are {@Code "left"} (the default value), {@Code "right"}, -{@Code "align"} (Section {@NumberOf tbl_alig}), or any length (for -example, {@Code 2f}) meaning that much indent. -@PP -There is a corresponding @Code "indentvertical" option for vertical indenting -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.indentvertical @SubIndex { @Code "indentvertical" option } -indentvertical.tables @Index { @Code "indentvertical" option (tables) } -within the cell. It takes the same values except that @Code "left" is -renamed {@Code "top"} (the default), and @Code "right" is renamed -{@Code foot}. A common problem with vertical placement is that words that -lack ascenders (parts of letters that rise up) or descenders (parts that -sink down) can easily become misaligned. Looking at -@CD @Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { resume } - B { poppy } - C { title } -} -which is the result of -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { resume } - B { poppy } - C { title } -} -} -we see that the words are aligned correctly despite these -worries. This is because by default -@Code "@Tbl" adds a @I { vertical strut } to each entry: an invisible -object of zero width and height {@Code "1f"}, which covers for any absent -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.strut @SubIndex { @Code "strut" option } -strut.option. @RawIndex { @Code "strut" option } -strut.option.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -ascenders and descenders. The option -@ID @OneRow @Code "@Cell strut { no }" -can be used to remove the strut; other acceptable values for this -option are {@Code yes} (the default value), and any length, which will -add a strut of that length. -@PP -For completeness there is a corresponding @Code "struthorizontal" option; it -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.struthorizontal @SubIndex { @Code "struthorizontal" option } -struthorizontal.tables @Index { @Code "struthorizontal" option (tables) } -takes the same values, its default value is {@Code no}, and it unlikely -ever to be used. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_intr b/doc/doc/user/tbl_intr deleted file mode 100644 index bb0727c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_intr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,135 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Getting started } - @Tag { tbl_intr } -@Begin -@PP -The Lout definitions for table formatting -@FootNote { -The @Code "tbl" package described here replaces the @Code "tab" -package of Version 3.12 and earlier. For backward compatibility -the @Code "tab" package is still available and still works as -described in older versions of this documentation. Users of -@Code "tab" will find simple uses of @Code "tbl" to be very similar, -replacing @Code "@Tab" by {@Code "@Tbl"}, @Code "@Fmta" by -{@Code "aformat"}, @Code "@Col" by {@Code "@Cell"}, and -@Code "!" by {@Code "|"}. -} -are kept in a file called {@Code "tbl"}, which you must include at -the start of your document if -tbl.file @Index { @Code "tbl" file } -you want tables, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { tbl }" -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -Specialized setup files, like {@Code "tbl"}, are included before the main -setup file (@Code "doc" in this case). Alternatively, if you are using -your own setup file, you may place the include commands within it, near the -start. -@PP -To begin with a very simple example, the table -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.tbl @SubIndex { @Code "@Tbl" } -tbl.tables @Index { @Code "@Tbl" (tables) } -@CD -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Austen } - B { Chaucer } - C { Donne } -@Rowa - A { Balzac } - B { Darwin } - C { Goethe } -@Rowa - A { Byron } - B { Dickens } - C { Homer } -} -is produced by the following input: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Austen } - B { Chaucer } - C { Donne } -@Rowa - A { Balzac } - B { Darwin } - C { Goethe } -@Rowa - A { Byron } - B { Dickens } - C { Homer } -} -} -Immediately after the @Code "@Tbl" symbol, which introduces the table, -comes a @I { format option }, {@Code "aformat"}, describing the format of -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.aformat @SubIndex { @Code "aformat" option } -aformat.tables @Index { @Code "aformat" option (tables) } -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.format @SubIndex { format of } -format.tables @Index { format of tables } -each row. It says that each row contains three cells: {@Code "@Cell A"}, -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.cell @SubIndex { @Code "@Cell" } -cell.tables @Index { @Code "@Cell" (tables) } -{@Code "@Cell B"}, and {@Code "@Cell C"}. The format option may have up -to 26 cells, with names chosen freely from the upper-case letters from -@Code A to {@Code Z}. The symbol @Code "|" separates each cell from the next. -@PP -After the format option comes the body of the table, enclosed in -braces. It consists entirely of a sequence of rows, each introduced by -a @Code "@Rowa" symbol and containing one entry for each cell of the -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.rowa @SubIndex { @Code "@Rowa" } -rowa.tables @Index { @Code "@Rowa" (tables) } -format option, as shown (the row may occupy any number of lines of the -input file). The entries may be arbitrary Lout objects, such as words, -paragraphs, equations, figures, and so on without restriction. An entry -may be omitted altogether if it is empty. Lout will choose suitable widths -for the cells, and break paragraphs in the entries to the right widths. -@PP -The result of the @Code "@Tbl" symbol is an object. As usual with -Lout, this object may appear at any point in the document, -@FootNote { -In rare cases, when the table occupies an entire paragraph but is not -displayed, a bug in Basser Lout causes the second column to appear much -too far to the right. If this occurs, replace -the very first row symbol ({@Code "@Row"}, {@Code "@Rowa"}, {@Code "@Rowb"}, -etc.) by {@Code "@FirstRow"}, {@Code "@FirstRowa"}, {@Code "@FirstRowb"}, -etc. There are also {@Code "@HeaderFirstRow"}, {@Code "@HeaderFirstRowa"}, -{@Code "@HeaderFirstRowb"} etc. symbols for replacing {@Code "@HeaderRow"}, -{@Code "@HeaderRowa"}, {@Code "@HeaderRowb"}, etc., if required. -# That should work, but if it doesn't, replacing -# @Code "@Tbl" by @Code "@OneCol @Tbl" certainly will, although it also -# prevents the table from breaking across page boundaries. -} -even within a paragraph or another table. Most commonly, though, tables -are displayed using the @Code "@IndentedDisplay" and @Code "@CentredDisplay" -symbols (Section {@NumberOf displays}): -@ID @Code "@CentredDisplay @Tbl ..." -or else they go into the @Code "@Table" symbol (Section {@NumberOf figures}): -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Table" -" @Caption { ... }" -"@Tbl ..." -} -which centres them at the top of the following page and adds a -caption. Note the difference between {@Code "@Tbl"}, which builds a -table, and {@Code "@Table"}, which places an arbitrary object in an -appropriate place. It's important to remember that the result -is an object like any other, because from time to time one wants such -things as rotated tables whose entire contents are to be italicised: -@ID @Code "90d @Rotate @I @Tbl ..." -and it helps to remember that the full power of Lout can be -brought to bear on the @I entire table. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_marg b/doc/doc/user/tbl_marg deleted file mode 100644 index 6c156d3..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_marg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Margins } - @Tag { tbl_marg } -@Begin -@PP -The @Code "@Cell" symbol offers a @Code margin option for changing the -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.margin @SubIndex { @Code "margin" options } -margin.options @RawIndex { margin options } -margin.options.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -amount of margin left between the entry and the boundary of the cell: -@ID @Code "@Cell margin { 0.3f }" -The default values are different for horizontal and vertical margins, -which brings us to the @Code marginhorizontal and @Code marginvertical -options: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Cell - marginhorizontal { 0.6f } - marginvertical { 0.3f } -} -These are the default values, 0.6 and 0.3 times the current font size -respectively. Another useful value is {@Code "marginvertical { 0.5vx }"}, -which asks for a vertical margin of half the current line separation, but -measured from baseline to baseline (this is what the @Code "x" means). -This produces a separation equal to the separation of the surrounding lines: -@CD @Tbl - marginvertical { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Austen } - B { Chaucer } - C { Donne } -@Rowa - A { Balzac } - B { Darwin } - C { Goethe } -@Rowa - A { Byron } - B { Dickens } - C { Homer } -} -This margin does not work so well when the cells contain paragraphs, -diagrams or other things that could not be described as single lines. -@PP -There are {@Code "marginabove"}, {@Code "marginbelow"}, {@Code "marginleft"}, -and {@Code "marginright"} options for setting margins individually. For -example, sometimes you don't want the extreme left and right margins in -a table, and they can be got rid of like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - paint { lightgrey } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell B | @Cell mr { 0i } C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Column A } - B { Column B } - C { Column C } -} -} -We've used abbreviated versions of the options' names: @Code "ml" for -{@Code marginleft}, and @Code "mr" for {@Code marginright}. Every option -has such an abbreviated name, made from the first letters of the parts of -its full name (Section {@NumberOf tbl_summ} lists all these names). The -result is -@DP @RCD @Tbl - paint { lightgrey } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell B | @Cell mr { 0i } C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Column A } - B { Column B } - C { Column C } -} -# with the painting showing the reduced margins. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_mark b/doc/doc/user/tbl_mark deleted file mode 100644 index ec86f6d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_mark +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Vertical alignment of tables } - @Tag { tbl_mark } -@Begin -@PP -Occasionally the vertical alignment of a table with objects to its left -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.vertical.alignment @SubIndex { vertical alignment of } -vertical.alignment @Index { vertical alignment of tables } -and right becomes an issue. Examples are hard to find, but let's say -that we need to construct a symbol -@ID @AmberLight -and include it in running text. The obvious first attempt at a table -with three rows is -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell A } - margin { 0i } - strut { no } -{ -@Rowa A { @OpenCircle } -@Rowa A { @ClosedCircle } -@Rowa A { @OpenCircle } -} -} -where @Code "@OpenCircle" and @Code "@ClosedCircle" produce open and -closed circles (they may be defined using the @Code "@Diag" package); -but this produces -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell A } - margin { 0i } - strut { no } -{ -@Rowa A { @OpenCircle } -@Rowa A { @ClosedCircle } -@Rowa A { @OpenCircle } -} -in running text, because vertical alignment is by default through the -top boundary of the table. To make the alignment pass through one of -the rows, replace its @Code "@Row" symbol by a corresponding -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.markrow @SubIndex { @Code "@MarkRow" symbols } -thing.tables @Index { @Code "@MarkRow" symbols (tables) } -@Code "@MarkRow" symbol. Here is the revised table, enclosed in a -definition for ease of use: -amberlight @Index { @Code "@AmberLight" symbol } -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -import @TblSetup -def @AmberLight -{ - @OneRow @Tbl - aformat { @Cell indentvertical { align } A } - margin { 0i } - strut { no } - paint { no } - rule { no } - { - @Rowa A { @OpenCircle } - @MarkRowa A { @ClosedCircle } - @Rowa A { @OpenCircle } - } -} -} -Now when we write -@ID @Code "produces @AmberLight in running text" -we find that this definition produces @AmberLight in running text, as -desired. We have enclosed the table in @Code "@OneRow" to ensure that -its rows will never become separated, and added some options just in -case the definition is ever used with a setup file (Section -{@NumberOf tbl_setu}) that has default painting or rules. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_mult b/doc/doc/user/tbl_mult deleted file mode 100644 index e716b6a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_mult +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Multi-page tables } - @Tag { tbl_mult } -@Begin -@PP -The tables produced by @Code "@Tbl" permit page breaks (including breaking -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.multipage @SubIndex { multi-page } -multi.page.tables @Index { multi-page tables } -to a new column) between every two rows, except rows that have a -vertically spanning cell in common. Page breaks cannot occur -within rows. The choice of page breaks can either be left to Lout, -or it can be forced by placing the new page symbol @Code "@NP" between two -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.np @SubIndex { @Code "@NP" (new page) in } -np. @RawIndex { @Code "@NP" (new page) } -np.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -rows. -@PP -To prevent page breaks within a table, precede the @Code "@Tbl" -symbol by {@Code "@OneRow"}: -@ID @Code "@CD @OneRow @Tbl ..." -@Code "@OneRow" is a general Lout symbol which binds the following -object into a single, unbreakable row. The table must be small -enough to fit on one page when you do this, otherwise an error -will be printed and it will be scaled to fit. Display symbols -like @Code "@CD" may have this effect anyway. -@PP -To prevent a page break between two particular rows, but not in -general, replace the @Code "@Row" symbol of the second row with -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.nobreakrow @SubIndex { @Code "@NoBreakRow" symbols } -nobreakrow.tables @Index { @Code "@NoBreakRow" symbols (tables) } -the corresponding @Code "@NoBreakRow" symbol (@Code "@NoBreakRowa" -instead of {@Code "@Rowa"}, @Code "@NoBreakRowb" instead of -{@Code "@Rowb"}, and so on). -@PP -Some care is needed over where to put multi-page tables. They can't go -within any of the display symbols, because display symbols are not clever -enough to break tables between rows, even though they are sometimes able -to break simpler displays. (A display symbol will scale a very high table -to fit on one page, and it will go wrong on a table containing -{@Code "@NP"}.) Multi-page tables can go inside @Code "@Figure" or -@Code "@Table" symbols, because these symbols have been set up to accept -multi-page objects. Or they can go into the body text of the document -at full width with a paragraph symbol before and after, like this: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@DP -@Tbl ... -@DP -} -An example appears in Section {@NumberOf tbl_summ}. You can simulate -an indent by an empty cell at the left of each row format. Lout will -expand the rightmost column to the full page width; to prevent this, -add a @Code "|" after the last cell within each {@Code format} option, -creating an empty extra column. -@PP -One practical problem in multi-page tables is getting the rules -right. The simplest way to do this is to set @Code "rulehorizontal" -to {@Code yes}. This places a rule above every row including the -first on each page, and a rule below every row including the last -on each page. There is nothing equivalent to running headers -(described below) at the bottom of the page -- nothing that would allow -you to insert a rule after the last line of each page, but not -elsewhere. (However, if you are using the @Code "@Table" -symbol, its @Code "@Format" option can be used to do this.) -@PP -Another problem is getting a heading over every page after -the first. This is easy if you know where the page breaks are going -to fall (if you are using {@Code "@NP"}, for example), but you usually -don't. To solve this problem, @Code {"@Tbl"} offers the -@Code "@HeaderRowa" ... @Code "@HeaderRowh" and -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.headerrow @SubIndex { @Code "@HeaderRow" symbols } -headerrow.tables @Index { @Code "@HeaderRow" symbols (tables) } -@Code "@EndHeaderRow" symbols. The multi-page table in -Section {@NumberOf tbl_summ} is arranged like this: -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - ... -{ -@Rowd - A { Option names } - B { Default in PS, PDF } - C { Default in plain text } - D { Allowed values } - rulebelow { yes } -@HeaderRowd - A { Option names (ctd.) } - B { Default in PS, PDF } - C { Default in plain text } - D { Allowed values } - rulebelow { yes } -@Rowa - A { paint p } - B { none } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -... -@Rowa - A { ruleplainchar rpc } - C { . } - D { any simple word e.g. @Code + } - rulebelow { yes } -@EndHeaderRow -} -} -@Code "@HeaderRowd" is exactly like {@Code "@Rowd"}, except that the row is -not printed at all where it occurs; instead, it is saved up and used as a -running header on subsequent pages. -@PP -The @Code "@EndHeaderRow" symbol goes where a @Code "@Row" symbol might -go. Notice that it does not end with a letter between {@Code a} and -{@Code h}, and that it has no options. Its effect is to cancel the -closest preceding @Code "@HeaderRowa" ... @Code "@HeaderRowh" symbol. -If you forget it, the result is bizarre: the header row will remain -in effect, and then every page from this point on will have the running -header, even though the table ended long before. -@PP -There may be any number of header rows saved up at any moment, all to be -printed at the top of subsequent pages. Having @Code "@EndHeaderRow" -allows them to be `nested.' For example, -@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@HeaderRowa ... -@HeaderRowb ... -@EndHeaderRow -@HeaderRowb ... -@EndHeaderRow -@EndHeaderRow -} -could be used in a table to say that the entire table has the first -header row; and that the first part also has the second header row, -but that subsequent parts of the table have their own, different -second header row, but still the same first header row. -@PP -Certain kinds of objects are not allowed in header rows, and Lout will -complain and quit if you try to put them there. Galleys -(e.g. {@Code "@FootNote"} and {@Code "@Index"}) are not allowed, nor are -cross references (e.g. {@Code "@NumberOf"} and {@Code "@PageOf"}), nor -are {@Code "@HExpand"}, {@Code "@VExpand"}, or {@Code "@Scale"} in the -form that works out its own scale factor. Spanning symbols -({@Code "@StartHSpan"}, {@Code "@StartVSpan"} etc.) work well in header -row formats, however. -@PP -Header rows have some other peculiarities, not likely to trouble -the ordinary user but worth pointing out. Header rows are taken -account of by Lout when deciding column widths, whether they are -actually printed or not. Basser Lout copies running header rows -into the table after each page break, with no check on whether the -next page has enough space to accommodate them, so if your running -headers are so high that there is no room for ordinary rows on the -page after they are inserted, then the document will never end. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_plai b/doc/doc/user/tbl_plai deleted file mode 100644 index 12ac289..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_plai +++ /dev/null @@ -1,94 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Plain text tables } - @Tag { tbl_plai } -@Begin -@PP -@Code "@Tbl" changes the default values of several options when -printing plain text (Section {@NumberOf plain}): -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - marginvertical { 2f } - marginhorizontal { 2s } - rulehorizontalwidth { 1f } - ruleverticalwidth { 1s } - rulehorizontalgap { 0f } - ruleverticalgap { 0s } -} -When using plain text it is best to make vertical distances whole -multiples of {@Code "1f"}, and horizontal distances whole multiples of -{@Code "1s"}, since this avoids fractional spacing which cannot be -successful in plain text files and produces quite messy results. -If this is done, the results can be good: -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.plaintext @SubIndex { plain text output } -plain.text.tables @Index { plain text tables } -@CD @OneRow 0.9 @Scale 1.0fx @Break @F @Verbatim { -................................................... -. . . -. Johnson . Johnson suddenly uttered, in . -. suddenly . a strong determined tone, an . -. uttered, . apophegm, at which many will . -. in a strong . start: `Patriotism is the . -. determined . last refuge of a scoundrel.' . -. tone, an . . -. apophegm, at . . -. which many .................................. -. will start: . . . -. `Patriotism . Johnson . Johnson . -. is the last . suddenly . suddenly . -. refuge of a . uttered, . uttered, . -. scoundrel.' . in a strong . in a strong . -. . determined . determined . -. . tone, an . tone, an . -. . apophegm, at . apophegm, at . -. . which many . which many . -. . will start: . will start: . -. . `Patriotism . `Patriotism . -. . is the last . is the last . -. . refuge of a . refuge of a . -. . scoundrel.' . scoundrel.' . -. . . . -. . . . -.................................. . -. . . -. Johnson suddenly uttered, in . . -. a strong determined tone, an . . -. apophegm, at which many will . . -. start: `Patriotism is the . . -. last refuge of a scoundrel.' . . -. . . -. . . -................................................... -} -This table was produced by a separate run of Lout and pasted into this -document. -@PP -A @Code ruleplainchar option for changing the character used to -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.ruleplainchar @SubIndex { @Code "ruleplainchar" option } -ruleplainchar.tables @Index { @Code "ruleplainchar" option (tables) } -draw rules. For example, -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - ruleplainchar { - } -} -would be good if you draw only horizontal rules. This option can be -set anywhere as usual. -@PP -If you use rules it is worth pondering the implications of the last -part of Section {@NumberOf tbl_rule}. Right and below rules are -drawn outside the boundary of the cell, which is unimportant in -ordinary output, but means that they will appear one space to the -right and one line below the cell in plain text output. This explains -the slight asymmetry in the example above; you can correct it with -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - marginright { 1s } - marginbelow { 1f } -} -but rules at the extreme right of the page will still go off the edge, -and rules below the last line will bump into whatever follows the table. -The first can be fixed by not using full width tables with right rules; -the second by inserting an extra @Code "@DP" after a table that ends -with a below rule. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_rows b/doc/doc/user/tbl_rows deleted file mode 100644 index bbc620a..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_rows +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the appearance of rows } - @Tag { tbl_rows } -@Begin -@PP -We've seen that the @Code aformat option of @Code "@Tbl" determines the -format of the rows introduced by the @Code "@Rowa" symbol. There are -eight row format options: {@Code aformat}, -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.row.formats @SubIndex { row formats } -row.formats @Index { row formats in tables } -{@Code bformat}, and so on up to {@Code hformat}, and for each there -is a corresponding {@Code "@Row"} symbol: {@Code "@Rowa"}, {@Code "@Rowb"}, -and so on: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell @I A | @Cell @I B } - bformat { @Cell A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - A { Name } - B { Nationality } -@Rowb - A { Austen } - B { English } -@Rowb - A { Balzac } - B { French } -} -} -The result of this is -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - aformat { @Cell @I A | @Cell @I B } - bformat { @Cell A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - A { Name } - B { Nationality } -@Rowb - A { Austen } - B { English } -@Rowb - A { Balzac } - B { French } -} -The first row, being a {@Code "@Rowa"}, is formatted using -{@Code aformat}; the others, being {@Code "@Rowb"} symbols, are -formatted using {@Code bformat}. -@PP -In addition to the eight @Code format options of {@Code "@Tbl"}, it is -possible to specify the format of a row at the row itself, using the -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.format.option @SubIndex { @Code "format" option } -format.tables @Index { @Code "format" option (tables) } -@Code "@Row" symbol like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Row - format { @Cell @B A | @Cell paint { lightgrey } B } - A { ... } - B { ... } -} -All formats must contain the same number of cells, otherwise the table -will not be rectangular. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_rule b/doc/doc/user/tbl_rule deleted file mode 100644 index 63cdb3c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_rule +++ /dev/null @@ -1,204 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Rules } - @Tag { tbl_rule } -@Begin -@PP -There is a @Code "rule" option for drawing a rule around a cell: -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.rule @SubIndex { @Code "rule" options } -rule.tables @Index { @Code "rule" options (tables) } -@ID @OneRow @Code "@Cell rule { yes }" -Other values are {@Code no} (the default), -{@Code single} (the same as {@Code yes}), and {@Code double} (for a -double rule). -@PP -There are @Code "rulehorizontal" and @Code "rulevertical" options which -draw only horizontal or vertical rules, and also {@Code "ruleabove"}, -{@Code "rulebelow"}, {@Code "ruleleft"}, and {@Code "ruleright"} options: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - ruleabove { yes } - A { Commercial property } - B { 10% } -@Rowa - A { Stock market } - B { 15% } - rulebelow { yes } -} -} -produces -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - ruleabove { yes } - A { Commercial property } - B { 10% } -@Rowa - A { Stock market } - B { 15% } - rulebelow { yes } -} -These options take the same values as {@Code "rule"}, but draw -along only one or two of the four edges. -@PP -Other options control the appearance of rules. Here they are with their -default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - rulewidth { 0.05f } - rulegap { 0.15f } - rulecolour { black } -} -These say that rules are to be @Code "0.05f" wide (thick), double rules -are to appear @Code "0.15f" apart, and the colour of rules is to be black. -Once again, more specific versions of these symbols exist for controlling -above, below, left, and right rules: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Tbl - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell B | @Cell C } - marginvertical { 0.5vx } -{ -@Rowa - A { rulehorizontalwidth } - B { rulehorizontalgap } - C { rulehorizontalcolour } -@Rowa - A { ruleabovewidth } - B { ruleabovegap } - C { ruleabovecolour } -@Rowa - A { rulebelowwidth } - B { rulebelowgap } - C { rulebelowcolour } -@Rowa - A { ruleverticalwidth } - B { ruleverticalgap } - C { ruleverticalcolour } -@Rowa - A { ruleleftwidth } - B { ruleleftgap } - C { ruleleftcolour } -@Rowa - A { rulerightwidth } - B { rulerightgap } - C { rulerightcolour } -} -All these options have alternative, abbreviated names; and @Code { colour } -may be spelt @Code { color } wherever it appears. Section -{@NumberOf tbl_summ} has a complete summary of all spellings of all -options. -@PP -To clarify exactly where the rules are drawn, let's start with -a cell with no rules at all: -@CD @Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } paint { lightgrey } A } -{ -@Rowa -} -Above rules and left rules are drawn within the cell boundary, just -touching it, with any above rule overstriking any left rule: -@CD { @Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } paint { lightgrey } A } -{ -@Rowa -} -@Background @Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } A } - ruleleft { yes } - ruleabove { yes } - rulehorizontalwidth { 0.8v } - ruleverticalwidth { 0.5v } - ruleverticalcolour { grey } - rulehorizontalcolour { black } -{ -@Rowa -} -} -Below and right rules are drawn just outside the boundary of the -cell, also touching it: -@CD @Tbl mv { 0i } aformat { @Cell A | @Cell | @Cell B } -{ -@Rowa - A { - @Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } paint { lightgrey } A } - { - @Rowa - } - @Background - @Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } A } - rulebelow { yes } - rulehorizontalwidth { 0.8v } - ruleverticalwidth { 0.5v } - ruleverticalcolour { grey } - rulehorizontalcolour { black } - { - @Rowa - } - } - B { - @Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } paint { lightgrey } A } - { - @Rowa - } - @Background - @Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } A } - ruleright { yes } - rulehorizontalwidth { 0.8v } - ruleverticalwidth { 0.5v } - ruleverticalcolour { grey } - rulehorizontalcolour { black } - { - @Rowa - } - } -} -@DP -When a right rule is present, any above and below rules are extended -by the width of the right rule, and they overstrike it: -@CD { -@Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } paint { lightgrey } A } -{ -@Rowa -} -@Background -@Tbl - mv { 0i } - aformat { @Cell width { 3c } height { 1.2c } A } - ruleabove { yes } - ruleright { yes } - rulebelow { yes } - rulehorizontalwidth { 0.8v } - ruleverticalwidth { 0.5v } - ruleverticalcolour { grey } - rulehorizontalcolour { black } -{ -@Rowa -} -} -@DP -(These diagrams were produced by @Code "@Tbl" itself, using horizontal -rules of width @Code 0.8v drawn in black, and vertical rules of width -@Code 0.5v drawn in grey.) These arrangements ensure that even thick -rules produce clean corners, and also that a right rule and a neighbouring -left rule exactly overstrike each other, as do a below rule and its -neighbouring above rule. -# @PP -# For information about rules in plain text tables, consult Section -# {@NumberOf tbl_plai}. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_setu b/doc/doc/user/tbl_setu deleted file mode 100644 index db5c400..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_setu +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Changing the overall format } - @Tag { tbl_setu } -@Begin -@PP -All of the options apart from the @Code format options can be changed -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.setup @SubIndex { setup file } -setup.files. @RawIndex { setup files } -setup.files.for.tables @SubIndex { for tables } -in the @Code { tbl } setup file, in which case the new values become -the default values for every table in the document, which promotes -consistency and can save you a lot of time. The first step is to -obtain your own copy of the setup file, @Code { tbl }, from the Lout -system include directory. You can find out where that is by typing -@ID @Code { lout -V } -This prints out various things about Lout. Supposing that it says -that the Lout system include directory is @Code { "/usr/lout/include" }, for -example, you can copy the setup file into your current directory, -renaming it @Code { mytbl }, with the Unix command -@ID @Code "cp /usr/lout/include/tbl mytbl" -or its equivalent on your system. You will also need to make -@Code { mytbl } writable. -@PP -The next step is to replace the @Code "@SysInclude { tbl }" line at the -start of your document with @Code { "@Include { mytbl }" }. This causes -Lout to read your copy of the setup file, not the one in the system -include directory. Since the two files are currently identical, this -has changed nothing so far, but now you can change the options within -@Code mytbl and the changes will affect your document. -@PP -Your copy of the setup file has some lines beginning with @Code "#" -that are ignored by Lout, and then it has @Code { "@SysInclude { tblf }" }. -This line tells Lout to read file @Code tblf which contains the definition -of the @Code tbl package, so it should not be changed. After it comes -the @Code "@TblSetup" @Code "@Use" clause, which looks like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Use { @TblSetup - # paint { none } - # font { } - # break { } -} -} -Only a few of the options are shown here. To change an option, delete -the @Code "#" and change the value. For example, suppose you want all -table entries two points smaller than the surrounding text: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Use { @TblSetup - # paint { none } - font { -2p } - # break { } -} -} -Relative font sizes are available anywhere, not just in setup files -(Section {@NumberOf fonts}). -@PP -Some setup file options contain values which use the @Code "@OrIfPlain" -symbol: -@ID @Code "marginvertical { 0.3f @OrIfPlain 1f }" -This means that the value of @Code marginvertical is to be @Code "0.3f" -usually, but @Code 1f in plain text documents. Feel free to leave these -symbols there when you change a value, or delete them if you prefer. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_span b/doc/doc/user/tbl_span deleted file mode 100644 index f6757c9..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_span +++ /dev/null @@ -1,206 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Spanning columns and rows } - @Tag { tbl_span } -@Begin -@PP -To make a cell span across several columns, precede the @Code "@Cell" -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.span @SubIndex { spanning columns and rows } -spanning.columns @Index { spanning columns and rows in tables } -symbol with @Code "@StartHSpan" and replace each spanned cell's -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.starthspan @SubIndex { @Code "@StartHSpan" option } -starthspan.tables @Index { @Code "@StartHSpan" option (tables) } -@Code "@Cell" symbol with {@Code "@HSpan"}, like this: -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.hspan @SubIndex { @Code "@HSpan" option } -hspan.tables @Index { @Code "@HSpan" option (tables) } -@ID @OneRow -1px @Break @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - rule { yes } - aformat { @StartHSpan @Cell indent { ctr } @B A | @HSpan | @HSpan } - bformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Some famous authors } -@Rowb - A { Austen } - B { Chaucer } - C { Donne } -@Rowb - A { Balzac } - B { Darwin } - C { Goethe } -} -} -The result of this is -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - rule { yes } - aformat { @StartHSpan @Cell indent { ctr } @B A | @HSpan | @HSpan } - bformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Some famous authors } -@Rowb - A { Austen } - B { Chaucer } - C { Donne } -@Rowb - A { Balzac } - B { Darwin } - C { Goethe } -} -We've used a sample of options to show how naturally these go with -spanning cells: they apply to the whole cell as usual, whatever -its extent. It is quite acceptable to span just some of the columns, -not all of them; indeed, there may be no @Code "@HSpan" symbols at -all, and then the cell just spans its own column, which sounds redundant -but actually has a use (Section {@NumberOf tbl_alig}). -@PP -Spanning rows work in the same way; the spanning cell is preceded by -{@Code "@StartVSpan"}, and the spanned cells are replaced by -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.startvspan @SubIndex { @Code "@StartVSpan" option } -startvspan.tables @Index { @Code "@StartVSpan" option (tables) } -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.vspan @SubIndex { @Code "@VSpan" option } -vspan.tables @Index { @Code "@VSpan" option (tables) } -{@Code "@VSpan"}: -@ID @OneRow -1px @Break @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - rule { yes } - aformat { @StartVSpan @Cell @I A | @Cell B | @Cell C } - bformat { @VSpan | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Mathematics } - B { MATH 1001 } - C { Differential Calculus } -@Rowb - B { MATH 1002 } - C { Linear Algebra } -@Rowa - A { Computer Science } - B { COMP 1001 } - C { Introductory Programming } -@Rowb - B { COMP 1002 } - C { Introductory Computer Science } -} -} -The result of this is -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - rule { yes } - aformat { @StartVSpan @Cell @I A | @Cell B | @Cell C } - bformat { @VSpan | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Mathematics } - B { MATH 1001 } - C { Differential Calculus } -@Rowb - B { MATH 1002 } - C { Linear Algebra } -@Rowa - A { Computer Science } - B { COMP 1001 } - C { Introductory Programming } -@Rowb - B { COMP 1002 } - C { Introductory Computer Science } -} -Here is a notorious larger example, the `spiral': -@ID @OneRow -1px @Break @Code @Verbatim { -@QuotedDisplay @Tbl - rule { yes } -{ -@Row - format { @StartVSpan @Cell A | @StartHSpan @Cell B | @HSpan } - A { @SomeText } - B { @SomeText } -@Row - format { @VSpan | @Cell B | @StartVSpan @Cell C } - B { @SomeText } - C { @SomeText } -@Row - format { @StartHSpan @Cell A | @HSpan | @VSpan } - A { @SomeText } -} -} -The @Code "@SomeText" symbol produces a short paragraph of text. The -result is -@QD @Tbl - rule { yes } -{ -@Row format { @StartVSpan @Cell A | @StartHSpan @Cell B | @HSpan } - A { @SomeText } - B { @SomeText } -@Row format { @VSpan | @Cell B | @StartVSpan @Cell C } - B { @SomeText } - C { @SomeText } -@Row format { @StartHSpan @Cell A | @HSpan | @VSpan } - A { @SomeText } -} -It is important when constructing mind-boggling tables like this one -to ensure that every format has exactly the same number of @Code "|" -symbols. Otherwise the number of columns will differ from row to row. -The names given to the entries ({@Code "A"}, {@Code "B"}, {@Code "C"}, -etc.) are quite irrelevant: having a @Code "@Cell D" in one row and -a @Code "@Cell D" in another does not mean that the cells will appear -in the same column. -@PP -There is a @Code "@StartHVSpan" symbol which combines the effects -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.starthvspan @SubIndex { @Code "@StartHVSpan" option } -starthvspan.tables @Index { @Code "@StartHVSpan" option (tables) } -of @Code "@StartHSpan" and {@Code "@StartVSpan"}. You need to -use it in this arrangement: -@ID @OneRow @Tbl - mv { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell @Code A | @Cell @Code B | @Cell @Code C } -{ -@Rowa - A { "@StartHVSpan" } - B { "@HSpan" } - C { "@HSpan" } -@Rowa - A { "@VSpan" } -@Rowa - A { "@VSpan" } -} -The blank positions should be left empty. For example: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - rule { yes } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C | @Cell D } - bformat { @Cell A | @StartHVSpan @Cell i { ctr } iv { ctr } B | @HSpan | @Cell D } - cformat { @Cell A | @VSpan | | @Cell D } -{ -@Rowa -@Rowb - B { CPU } -@Rowc -@Rowa -} -} -produces -@CD @OneRow @Tbl - rule { yes } - strut { no } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C | @Cell D } - bformat { @Cell A | @StartHVSpan @Cell i { ctr } iv { ctr } B | @HSpan | @Cell D } - cformat { @Cell A | @VSpan | | @Cell D } -{ -@Rowa -@Rowb - B { CPU } -@Rowc -@Rowa -} -This example illustrates how Lout apportions space in the presence of -spanning columns. If the spanning cell is naturally narrower than the -cells it spans, it is widened to their size. If it is wider (as in -the example above), then the last spanned cell is widened to take -up the slack. This is why the third cell is wider than the second in the -first row of this example. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_summ b/doc/doc/user/tbl_summ deleted file mode 100644 index 259cf99..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_summ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,272 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Summary of options } - @Tag { tbl_summ } -@Begin -@PP -This summary applies to all @Code "@Tbl" options except the @Code format -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.summary @SubIndex { summary of all options } -options described in Section {@NumberOf tbl_rows}. Here is the complete -list of these options, one option per line, showing its alternative -spellings, default values (PostScript and PDF, and plain text) from the setup -file, and allowed range of values. Where one option is indented below -another, it means that the indented option is a specialized version of -the other, which affects its default value. For more on this see below. -@DP -@Tbl - marginvertical { 0.5vx } - aformat { @Cell ml { 0i } @Code A | - @Cell @Code B | @Cell @Code C | @Cell mr { 0i } D } - bformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { 1f } @Code A | - @Cell @Code B | @Cell @Code C | @Cell mr { 0i } D } - cformat { @Cell ml { 0i } indent { 2f } @Code A | - @Cell @Code B | @Cell @Code C | @Cell mr { 0i } D } - dfont { Italic } - dbreak { lines } - dformat { @Cell ml { 0i } A | @Cell B | @Cell C | @Cell mr { 0i } D } - fformat { @StartHSpan @Cell ml { 0i } @Code A | - @HSpan | @HSpan | @Cell mr { 0i } D } - gformat { @StartHSpan @Cell ml { 0i } indent { 1f } @Code A | - @HSpan | @HSpan | @Cell mr { 0i } D } - hformat { @StartHSpan @Cell ml { 0i } indent { 2f } @Code A | - @HSpan | @HSpan | @Cell mr { 0i } D } -{ -@Rowd - A { Option names } - B { Default in -PS, PDF } - C { Default in -plain text } - D { Allowed values } - rulebelow { yes } -@HeaderRowd - A { Option names (ctd.) } - B { Default in -PS, PDF } - C { Default in -plain text } - D { Allowed values } - rulebelow { yes } -@Rowa - A { paint p } - B { none } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowa - A { texture t } - B { solid } - D { any texture from Section {@NumberOf textures} } -@Rowa - A { background bg } - D { any object } -@Rowa - A { font f } - D { any font e.g. @Code "Helvetica Slope -2p" } -@Rowa - A { break b } - D { any break e.g. @Code "ragged nohyphen" } -@Rowa - A { width w } - D { @Code "expand" or any length e.g. @Code 5c } -@Rowa - A { height h } - D { any length e.g. @Code 3c } -@Rowa - A { indent i } - B { @Code left } - D { {@Code left}, {@Code ctr}, {@Code align}, {@Code mctr}, {@Code right}, or any length } -@Rowa - A { indentvertical iv } - B { @Code top } - D { {@Code top}, {@Code ctr}, {@Code align}, {@Code mctr}, {@Code foot}, or any length } -@Rowa - A { strut s } - B { yes } - C { yes } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, or any length } -@Rowa - A { struthorizontal sh } - B { no } - C { no } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, or any length } -@Rowa - ma { 1v } - A { margin m } - B { } - C { } - D { any length } -@Rowb - A { marginhorizontal mh } - B { 0.6f } - C { 2s } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { marginleft ml } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { marginright mr } - D { any length } -@Rowb - A { marginvertical mv } - B { 0.3f } - C { 2f } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { marginabove ma } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { marginbelow mb } - D { any length } -@Rowa - ma { 1v } - A { rule r } - B { no } - C { no } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, {@Code single}, or {@Code double} } -@Rowb - A { rulehorizontal rh } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, {@Code single}, or {@Code double} } -@Rowc - A { ruleabove ra } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, {@Code single}, or {@Code double} } -@Rowc - A { rulebelow rb } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, {@Code single}, or {@Code double} } -@Rowb - A { rulevertical rv } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, {@Code single}, or {@Code double} } -@Rowc - A { ruleleft rl } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, {@Code single}, or {@Code double} } -@Rowc - A { ruleright rr } - D { {@Code no}, {@Code yes}, {@Code single}, or {@Code double} } -@Rowa - ma { 1v } - A { rulewidth rw } - B { 0.05f } - D { any length } -@Rowb - A { rulehorizontalwidth rhw } - C { 1f } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { ruleabovewidth raw } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { rulebelowwidth rbw } - D { any length } -@Rowb - A { ruleverticalwidth rvw } - C { 1s } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { ruleleftwidth rlw } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { rulerightwidth rrw } - D { any length } -@Rowa - ma { 1v } - A { rulegap rg } - B { 0.15f } - D { any length } -@Rowb - A { rulehorizontalgap rhg } - C { 0f } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { ruleabovegap rag } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { rulebelowgap rbg } - D { any length } -@Rowb - A { ruleverticalgap rvg } - C { 0s } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { ruleleftgap rlg } - D { any length } -@Rowc - A { rulerightgap rrg } - D { any length } -@Rowa - ma { 1v } - A { rulecolour rulecolor rc } - B { black } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowg - A { rulehorizontalcolour rulehorizontalcolor rhc } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowh - A { ruleabovecolour ruleabovecolor rac } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowh - A { rulebelowcolour rulebelowcolor rbc } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowg - A { ruleverticalcolour ruleverticalcolor rvc } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowh - A { ruleleftcolour ruleleftcolor rlc } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowh - A { rulerightcolour rulerightcolor rrc } - D { any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } -@Rowa - ma { 1v } - A { ruleplainchar rpc } - C { . } - D { any simple word e.g. @Code + } - rulebelow { yes } -@EndHeaderRow -} -@DP -There are seven places where these options may be given, counting the -setup file (Section {@NumberOf tbl_setu}). To make it clear that this -summary applies to any of these options, we illustrate the seven places -with a fictitious option called {@Code option}: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Use { @TblSetup - option { 1 } -} - -@Tbl - option { 2 } - aoption { 3 } - aformat { @Cell option { 4 } A } -{ - @Rowa - option { 5 } - @Row - option { 6 } - format { @Cell option { 7 } A } -} -} -Each occurrence of @Code option is of course optional. If there are -none, the default value given in the table above applies. For any other -combination of absent and present options, the value that applies is the -present and relevant one with the largest number in the illustration -just above. But before applying this rule, any general options must be -thought of as being replaced by their more specialized versions: -@ID @Code "rulehorizontal { yes }" -is equivalent to -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -ruleabove { yes } -rulebelow { yes } -} -for example. Conflicts are resolved in the logical way: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -margin { 0.5f } -marginleft { 0.0f } -} -is equivalent to the four specialized options -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -marginabove { 0.5f } -marginbelow { 0.5f } -marginleft { 0.0f } -marginright { 0.5f } -} -General options are really just abbreviations for sets of specialized -options. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/tbl_widt b/doc/doc/user/tbl_widt deleted file mode 100644 index f2d799d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/tbl_widt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,96 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Cell width and height } - @Tag { tbl_widt } -@Begin -@PP -Lout is quite good a choosing suitable widths for cells. It leaves -column.width @RawIndex { column width } -column.width.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -narrow cells at their natural width, then uses paragraph breaking to -reduce the wider cells to a common width which is as large as -the available space allows: -@QD @OneRow @Tbl - aformat { @Cell @I A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { Acacia } - B { -Shrub or small tree with grey-green foliage and brilliant -yellow blossom in late winter. -} - C { -Distributed widely throughout Australia except in the most arid -parts; many varieties. -} -} -This usually looks good, but if you need something else, there is -the @Code width option: -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.width @SubIndex { @Code "width" option } -width. @RawIndex { @Code "width" option } -width.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -@ID @OneRow @Code "@Cell width { 3c }" -Here we have asked for a cell width of three centimetres; this includes -the cell margins. When using @Code width to fine-tune the appearance of -a table wide enough to require paragraph breaking, it is best to use -@Code width to make cells narrower, not wider. -@PP -Regrettably, there is no way to request that several cells in a row be -given a common width equal to the width of the widest. One simple way to -approximate this is to give these cells the same @Code width value. The -@Code width option also has a special value, {@Code "expand"}. All -cells with @Code "width { expand }" are assigned a common width -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.expand @SubIndex { @Code expand cell width } -expand.cell.width @Index { @Code expand cell width in tables } -equal to the maximum amount permitted by the available space. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@QuotedDisplay @Tbl - width { expand } - paint { lightgrey } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { 23.56 } - B { 98.76 } - C { 65.00 } -} -} -has result -@QuotedDisplay @Tbl - width { expand } - paint { lightgrey } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { 23.56 } - B { 98.76 } - C { 65.00 } -} -We have used our usual trick of making the option apply to several cells -by moving it to a more general level, in this case to {@Code "@Tbl"}. -The available space can be reduced using the @Code "@Wide" symbol; if -we replace @Code "@QuotedDisplay @Tbl" in the example above with -@ID @OneRow @Code "@CentredDisplay 4i @Wide @Tbl" -the result will be -@CentredDisplay 4i @Wide @Tbl - width { expand } - paint { lightgrey } - aformat { @Cell A | @Cell B | @Cell C } -{ -@Rowa - A { 23.56 } - B { 98.76 } - C { 65.00 } -} -with the total table width reduced to four inches. -@PP -There is an analogous @Code height option which makes a cell take on -tables. @RawIndex { tables } -tables.height @SubIndex { @Code height option } -height. @RawIndex { @Code "height" option } -height.in.tables @SubIndex { in tables } -a particular fixed height, again including margins. Make sure there -is enough height in the cell to hold its entry when you use this -option. The @Code "expand" value is not available for height. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ b/doc/doc/user/typ deleted file mode 100644 index aaa1e36..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -@Chapter - @Title { Types of Documents } - @Tag { types } -@Begin -@LP -Different types of documents have different features: title pages in -books, abstracts in technical reports, and so on. Lout offers five -@I { document types } with the appropriate features: ordinary -document.types @Index { document types } -documents, technical reports, books, overhead transparencies, and -stand-alone illustrations. The features of all other chapters are -available within each document type, but the features of one type -are not available within other types. -# @LP -# Particular types of documents have specialized formatting requirements: -# title pages in books, abstracts in technical reports, and so on. Lout -# provides a range of @I { document types } with the appropriate -# specialized features for -# document.types @Index { document types } -# each type. -# @PP -# There are five types: ordinary documents, technical reports, -# books, overhead transparencies, and stand-alone illustrations. The -# features of all other chapters are available within each document type, -# but the features of one type are not available within other types. -@BeginSections -@Include { typ_ordi } -@Include { typ_repo } -@Include { typ_book } -@Include { typ_over } -@Include { typ_illu } -@Include { typ_plai } -@Include { typ_apdf } -@Include { typ_orga } -@EndSections -@End @Chapter diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ_apdf b/doc/doc/user/typ_apdf deleted file mode 100644 index 6485a8e..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ_apdf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { PDF (Adobe Portable Document Format) documents } - @Tag { pdf } -@Begin -@PP -You can get Lout to produce PDF (Adobe Portable Document Format) output as -an alternative to PostScript, by adding @Code "-PDF" to the command line -like this: -pdf. @Index { PDF documents } -@ID @Code "lout -PDF simple > simple.pdf" -No other changes are required. -@PP -When viewed with a PDF viewer, entries in tables of contents and indexes -can be clicked on and this transports the viewer to the part of the document -referenced by the link, as described in -cross @CrossLink { Section {@NumberOf cross} }. Recent versions of PostScript -support this feature too, via the @I pdfmark feature, and Lout's PostScript -contains links expressed in this way. Unfortunately, few PostScript viewers -know how to handle these links; those that don't just ignore them. -@PP -Regrettably, the PDF output produced by Lout is inferior at graphics: the -advanced features of the @Code "@Diag" and @Code "@Graph" packages do not -produce any output. One can still format documents that contain them, but -the results are disappointing. The only way to get the best of everything -is to produce PostScript, and then either pass it through a `distillation' -program to produce PDF, or else view it with a PostScript viewer that -understands links. -@PP -When generating PostScript for distillation to PDF, the -docinfo. @Index @Code "@DocInfo" -@Code "@DocInfo" symbol may be useful. Placed anywhere in the -document, it generates PostScript which causes the PDF to contain -a `document info dictionary' containing the author of the -document, its title, and some keywords: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { -@DocInfo - author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - title { A User's Guide to the Lout Document Formatting System } - keywords { Lout, PostScript, PDF } -} -The values of the options are restricted to sequences of simple words, -as shown, since this is all that PDF document info dictionaries may -contain. All three options are optional; if one is omitted, the -dictionary will simply not have the corresponding entry, which is -legal in PDF. There is no way to have the author and title taken -automatically from @Code "@Author" and @Code "@Title" options. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ_book b/doc/doc/user/typ_book deleted file mode 100644 index fa5d33d..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ_book +++ /dev/null @@ -1,523 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Books } - @Tag { books } -@Begin -@PP -To produce a book, start off with the @Code book setup file and the -books. @Index { books } -book. @Index @Code "@Book" -@Code "@Book" symbol: -@ID @OneRow -1px @Break @Code { -"@SysInclude { book }" -"@Book" -" @Title {}" -" @Author {}" -" @Edition {}" -" @Publisher {}" -" @BeforeTitlePage {}" -" @OnTitlePage {}" -" @AfterTitlePage {}" -" @AtEnd {}" -" @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }" -" @InitialBreak { adjust 1.2fx hyphen }" -" @InitialSpace { lout }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -" @PageOrientation { Portrait }" -" @PageHeaders { Titles }" -" @ColumnNumber { 1 }" -" @FirstPageNumber { 1 }" -" @IntroFirstPageNumber { 1 }" -" @OptimizePages { No }" -" @GlossaryText { @Null }" -" @IndexText { @Null }" -" @IndexAText { @Null }" -" @IndexBText { @Null }" -"//" -} -This shows all the options of @Code "@Book" with their default values. As -usual, these options may be given in any order, and only those -to be changed need be given at all. The meaning of the -@Code "//" symbol after the last option is beyond our scope, but total -disaster will ensue if it is forgotten. -@PP -The {@Code "@Title"}, {@Code "@Author"}, and {@Code "@Edition"} options -will appear on the title page, in the @Code "clines" paragraph breaking -style which centres each line (Section {@NumberOf paras}). The -@Code "@Publisher" option will appear at the foot of the title page. -@PP -The {@Code "@BeforeTitlePage"} option will come out on the page (or -pages) preceding the title page. This is where publishers -advertise other books of a similar kind, perhaps from a series. -@PP -If {@Code "@OnTitlePage"} is given it will replace the title page -that usually appears, superseding the {@Code "@Title"}, {@Code "@Author"}, -{@Code "@Edition"}, and @Code "@Publisher" options in the process. -@PP -The {@Code "@AfterTitlePage"} option will come out on the page -(or pages) following the title page. This is where publishers -traditionally put copyright notices, information about production, -and cataloguing-in-publication data. If this option is empty or -omitted, there will be no such pages. -@PP -The {@Code "@AtEnd"} option will come out on a single unnumbered page -with no page headers or footers, and using the same margins as for even -pages, after the very last page of the book; even after the index if -there is one. It is intended to make it possible to include a back -cover, so @Code "@PageOf last.page" (Section {@NumberOf cross}) does -not take account of any @Code "@AtEnd" page. (To make a colophon, -which occupies any number of numbered pages after the index, consult -the @Code "@Colophon" symbol below.) -@PP -The remaining options are a selection of setup file options (Section -{@NumberOf setup}) that frequently need to be changed. If your changes -to the overall formatting are confined to these options, you can change -them here and avoid having your own setup file. If you already have -your own setup file, change them in either place and omit them in -the other. -@PP -@Code "@InitialFont" is the font of the bulk of the book, -and should contain a family, a face, and a size. The default -value selects the Times family, the Base face, and the 12 point size. -@PP -@Code "@InitialBreak" controls the behaviour of paragraph breaking in -the bulk of the book. It should have three parts: a paragraph -breaking style ({@Code adjust}, {@Code ragged}, etc.), an inter-line -spacing ({@Code "1.2fx"} for single spacing, {@Code "2.4fx"} for -double spacing, and so on), and either @Code "hyphen" or -@Code "nohyphen" for turning hyphenation on or off. It may also -have @Code "nobreakfirst" or @Code "nobreaklast" (or both), meaning -to disallow a page break after the first line of a paragraph, or -before the last, respectively. -@PP -@Code "@InitialSpace" determines how Lout treats white space -between two objects, as described in Section -{@NumberOf white}. @Code "@InitialLanguage" determines the -language of the bulk of the book. -@PP -@Code "@PageOrientation" determines the orientation of the page. Its -value may be {@Code Portrait} (the default), {@Code Landscape}, -{@Code ReversePortrait}, or {@Code ReverseLandscape}. See -Section {@NumberOf pagesize} for further details. -@PP -@Code "@PageHeaders" determines the appearance of page headers and -footers. Its value may be {@Code None}, -{@Code Simple}, {@Code Titles}, or {@Code NoTitles}. Section -{@NumberOf headers} has the details, but just briefly, {@Code None} -and {@Code Simple} are not really suitable for books, @Code Titles -produces full running titles as in the present document, and -@Code "NoTitles" is like @Code "Titles" with the running titles -omitted, leaving just the page numbers. -@PP -@Code "@ColumnNumber" is the number of columns per page in the bulk of -the book, and may be anything from {@Code 1} (the default value) to -{@Code 10}. Irrespective of its value, all prefatory material, all -chapter and appendix headings, and all figures and tables will be -printed full width. There is a separate @Code "@IndexColumnNumber" -option in the setup file which determines the number of columns in -the index (Section {@NumberOf indexes}). -@PP -@Code "@FirstPageNumber" is the page number to be given to the first -non-introductory page. @Code "@IntroFirstPageNumber" is the -page number of the first introductory page; it will usually appear -in Roman but must be given in Arabic. -@PP -Lout ordinarily places lines onto a page until space runs out, then moves -to the next page and so on. This often produces ugly empty spaces at -the bottoms of pages preceding large unbreakable displays. Setting the -@Code "@OptimizePages" option to {@Code "Yes"} causes Lout to examine the -overall situation and try to minimize the ugliness, using the @TeX -optimal paragraph breaking algorithm. It takes two runs to do this, -with intermediate results stored in Lout's cross reference database -(Section {@NumberOf cross}); so deleting file {@Code lout.li} will reset -it, which might be wise after major changes. It is possible for the -optimizer to cycle, never settling on a single final best version; this -is usually caused by footnotes or floating figures inserted at points -which end up near page boundaries. -@PP -The {@Code "@GlossaryText"}, {@Code "@IndexText"}, {@Code "@IndexAText"}, -and {@Code "@IndexBText"} symbols allow you to insert some arbitrary -text after the title of the glossary, index, etc., and before the -entries. -@PP -After the compulsory @Code "//" comes an optional preface: -preface. @Index @Code "@Preface" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Preface" -" @Title { About this book }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"..." -"@End @Preface" -} -Since the title of most prefaces is simply Preface, that is the default -value in English of the @Code "@Title" option. Within the preface, -just before {@Code "@End @Preface"}, there may optionally be a sequence -of sub-prefaces enclosed in @Code "@BeginSubPrefaces" and -{@Code "@EndSubPrefaces"}, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@BeginSubPrefaces -@SubPreface ... @End @SubPreface -@SubPreface ... @End @SubPreface -@EndSubPrefaces -} -After the preface there will automatically appear a table of contents -listing the introduction, chapters, sections, subsections, appendices, -sub-appendices, bibliography, and index as appropriate. -@PP -The pages up to this point will be numbered in lower case Roman -numerals; subsequent pages will be numbered in Arabic starting from -the @Code "@FirstPageNumber" option of {@Code "@Book"}. There is -a setup file option for changing this to a single numbering sequence -(see below). -@PP -Next comes an optional abbreviations sections, exactly like the -preface except that its name is @Code "@Abbreviations" and the -abbreviations. @Index @Code "@Abbreviations" -default title in English is Abbreviation. There are no -sub-abbreviations, and no support for what goes inside; you need to -use a list or table to lay out the abbreviations, in the usual way. -@PP -Next comes an optional introduction, exactly like the preface except that -its name is @Code "@Introduction" and the default title in English is -introduction. @Index @Code "@Introduction" -Introduction: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Introduction" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"..." -"@End @Introduction" -} -It may have sub-introductions, exactly like sub-prefaces: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@BeginSubIntroductions -@SubIntroduction ... @End @SubIntroduction -@SubIntroduction ... @End @SubIntroduction -@EndSubIntroductions -} -After the introduction comes a sequence of chapters in the usual style: -chapter. @Index @Code "@Chapter" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Chapter" -" @Title { Australian Native Plants }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"..." -"@End @Chapter" -} -No @Code "@BeginChapters" or @Code "@EndChapters" symbols are -beginchapters. @Index @Code "@BeginChapters" -endchapters. @Index @Code "@EndChapters" -needed, because these chapters are not inside any other large-scale -structure symbol. -@PP -In addition to all the usual options for large-scale structure symbols, -@Code "@Chapter" offers {@Code "@BypassWord"}, which may be used to -replace the `Chapter' word for this chapter only. For example, -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Chapter" -" @BypassWord { Appendix }" -"..." -} -could be used to place (what appears to the reader to be) an Appendix -at the end of a part, or indeed anywhere at all. The chapter numbers -are not affected. To change this word in all chapters, the -@Code "@ChapterWord" setup file option is preferred. -@PP -Within a chapter, there may be a sequence of sections, -each introduced by {@Code "@Section"}, all bracketed -section.books @SubIndex { in books } -by @Code "@BeginSections" and {@Code "@EndSections"}: -beginsections.books @SubIndex { in books } -endsections.books @SubIndex { in books } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginSections" -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"..." -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"@EndSections" -} -Within each section there may be subsections, each introduced by -{@Code "@SubSection"}, and the sequence as a whole bracketed by -@Code "@BeginSubSections" and {@Code "@EndSubSections"}: -subsection.books @SubIndex { in books } -beginsubsections.books @SubIndex { in books } -endsubsections.books @SubIndex { in books } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginSubSections" -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"..." -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"@EndSubSections" -} -The subsections may contain sub-subsections, but -subsubsection.books @SubIndex { in books } -beginsubsubsections.books @SubIndex { in books } -endsubsubsections.books @SubIndex { in books } -there are no sub-sub-subsections. -@PP -After the chapters comes an optional sequence of appendices. Each -is introduced by @Code "@Appendix" in the usual way: -appendix.books @SubIndex { in books } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Appendix" -" @Title { Climatic Regions of Australia }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"..." -"@End @Appendix" -} -No @Code "@BeginAppendices" or @Code "@EndAppendices" symbols are -beginappendices.books @SubIndex { in books } -endappendices.books @SubIndex { in books } -needed, because (like chapters) these appendices do not lie inside -any other large-scale structure symbol. The appendices are numbered -A, B, C, etc., as is conventional for them. Within each appendix -there may be a sequence of subappendices, obtained with the -@Code "@SubAppendix" symbol and bracketed by -subappendix.books @SubIndex { in books } -@Code "@BeginSubAppendices" and {@Code "@EndSubAppendices"}: -beginsubappendices.books @SubIndex { in books } -endsubappendices.books @SubIndex { in books } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginSubAppendices" -"@SubAppendix ... @End @SubAppendix" -"@SubAppendix ... @End @SubAppendix" -"..." -"@SubAppendix ... @End @SubAppendix" -"@EndSubAppendices" -} -There are sub-subappendices following the same pattern, but no -subsubappendix.books @SubIndex { in books } -beginsubsubappendices.books @SubIndex { in books } -endsubsubappendices.books @SubIndex { in books } -sub-sub-subappendices. -@PP -Apart from any colophon, described below, the book ends with the last -chapter or appendix; any reference list or index will be appended -automatically. Although we have described how to create books as -though everything was in one large file, in practice it is much better -to divide the book into multiple files, following the method given in -Section {@NumberOf organizing}. -@PP -In addition to the {@Code "@Title"} option, each large-scale structure -symbol (i.e. {@Code "@Preface"}, {@Code "@Introduction"}, {@Code "@Chapter"}, -{@Code "@Section"}, {@Code "@SubSection"}, {@Code "@SubSubSection"}, -{@Code "@Appendix"}, {@Code "@SubAppendix"}, and {@Code "@SubSubAppendix"}) -has a @Code "@Tag" option for cross referencing (Section {@NumberOf cross}), -an @Code "@InitialLanguage" option for changing the language of that -part of the document, and a @Code "@RunningTitle" option which will be -used in place of @Code "@Title" in running headers if given. This last -is useful when the full title is rather long. -@PP -The @Code "@Chapter" symbol has three additional options for dividing -parts. @Index { parts of books } -the book into parts: -part.number @Index @Code "@PartNumber" -part.title @Index @Code "@PartTitle" -part.text @Index @Code "@PartText" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Chapter" -" @PartNumber { Part A }" -" @PartTitle { The Ancient World }" -" @PartText { ... }" -} -Any chapter with a non-empty @Code "@PartNumber" or @Code "@PartTitle" -option will become the first chapter of a part. It will be preceded -by two pages containing the part number, title, and text, and there -will also be an entry made in the table of contents. Parts are @I not -numbered automatically: you have to supply your own numbers or letters -as shown above. -@PP -After the last chapter or appendix, an optional colophon may be given: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Colophon @Begin -This document was typeset using the Lout document -formatting system. The resulting PostScript file -was converted to PDF using GNU @I { ps2pdf }. -@End @Colophon -} -For this to work, however, the @Code "@MakeColophon" option of the -setup file must be changed to @Code Yes (see next paragraph). A -colophon appears at the very end of the book, after the index. It may -occupy several pages, and these will be numbered as usual. See also -the @Code "@AtEnd" option above, which is intended to hold a one-page -unnumbered back cover. As the example suggests, colophons these days -are generally used for notes concerning how a book was produced. They -are an old form that has been revived; previously, according to my -dictionary, they contained information now printed on the title page. -@PP -A colophon is like a preface except that it appears at the end, and -should logically be implemented like the {@Code "@Preface"} symbol. -Unfortunately, owing to problems behind the scenes it has instead -been implemented like glossaries and indexes: you have to set a -@Code "@MakeColophon" option in the setup file to {@Code Yes}. There -are setup file options for setting the font and break style, column -number and column gap, and heading ({@Code "@ColophonFont"}, -{@Code "@ColophonBreak"}, {@Code "@ColophonColumnNumber"}, -{@Code "@ColophonColumnGap"}, and {@Code "@ColophonWord"}). There are -also {@Code "@ColophonInContents"} and {@Code "@ColophonPrefix"} -options for determining whether the colophon appears in the table -of contents, and its prefix when structured page numbers are used. -@PP -In rare combinations of circumstances, another problem behind the -scenes sometimes causes the title of the Colophon to appear, -bizarrely, on the second page of the colophon. If this happens -you can work around it by starting off the body of the colophon -with {@Code "@NP"}. -@PP -The features described in other chapters are all available within -books. A table of contents and index will appear automatically, and -you will need to change the setup file to avoid them. Endnotes will -appear at the end of the enclosing preface, introduction, chapter, or -appendix. The numbering of figures and tables includes a chapter or -appendix number: the first figure of Appendix C will be Figure C.1, -and so on. Figures and tables within the preface or introduction are -numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. A figure or table will never appear on the -same page as the beginning of a chapter or appendix. References work -as described in Chapter {@NumberOf biblio}. As explained there, it is -possible to have a list of references at the end of each chapter as well -as at the end of the book. -@PP -Within the @Code "book" setup file there is a @Code "@BookSetup" -booksetup. @Index @Code "@BookSetup" -symbol whose options control the appearance of features specific to books -(in other words, the features described in this section): -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Use { @BookSetup" -" # @TitlePageFont { Helvetica Base }" -" # @SeparateIntroNumbering { Yes }" -" # @PrefaceAfterContents { No }" -" # @ReferencesBeforeAppendices { No }" -" # @ChapterStartPages { Any }" -" # @ChapterWord { chapter }" -" # @ChapterNumbers { Arabic }" -" # @ChapterHeadingFont { Bold 2.00f }" -" # @ChapterHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen }" -" # @ChapterHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title }" -" # @AboveChapterGap { 3.00f }" -" # @ChapterInContents { Yes }" -" # @ChapterContentsIndent { 0f }" -"}" -} -This is just a representative sample of these options. Section -{@NumberOf setup} explains how to make your own setup file and -change its options; here we just explain what the options do. -@PP -@Code "@TitlePageFont" is the font used on the title -title.page.font. @Index @Code "@TitlePageFont" -page of the book, not including a size. -@PP -@Code "@ChapterStartPages" determines what kinds of pages chapters and -chapter.start.pages @Index @Code "@ChapterStartPages" -other major components of the book may begin on, and may be {@Code Any}, -{@Code Odd}, or {@Code Even}, meaning any page, odd-numbered pages only, -or even-numbered pages only. It may also be {@Code SamePage}, which -means that chapters and appendices will continue directly after the -previous chapter or appendix, on the same page (other major components -such as the table of contents and index will start on a fresh page -as usual). If you switch to {@Code SamePage}, you will probably need -to adjust {@Code "@ChapterHeadingFont"} and {@Code "@AboveChapterGap"}, -described below, since their default values are intended for use with -chapters and appendices that start on a fresh page; and you will also -need to begin the body of your chapter with a paragraph symbol such as -@Code "@LP" or {@Code "@PP"}, since otherwise there will be no -vertical space between the chapter heading and body. -@PP -@Code "@SeparateIntroNumbering" -separate.intro.numbering @Index @Code "@SeparateIntroNumbering" -determines whether the introductory part of the book is to have a -separate numbering sequence or not. @Code "@ReferencesBeforeAppendices" -references. @RawIndex references -references.references.before.appendices @SubIndex @Code "@ReferencesBeforeAppendices" -determines whether any final list of references appears before or -after any appendices. @Code "@ChapterWord" determines -the word used in chapter titles; its default value, {@Code "chapter"}, -produces `Chapter' in the current language. The other six options control -the appearance of chapters, and there are similar options for controlling -the other large-scale structure symbols. -@PP -@Code "@ChapterNumbers" determines how chapters will be numbered, and may -be @Code { None }, @Code { Arabic }, @Code { Roman }, @Code { UCRoman }, -@Code { Alpha }, or @Code { UCAlpha }. The default value is @Code Arabic -for chapters and also for all large-scale structure symbols except -appendices, for which it is {@Code UCAlpha}. This produces the appendices -numbered in upper-case letters (A, B, C, etc.) that were mentioned earlier. -@PP -@Code "@ChapterHeadingFont" is the font used for chapter headings. The -default value shown above produces the bold face of the initial font -family, at twice the initial size. A family name is acceptable -here as well. @Code "@ChapterHeadingBreak" is the break style for -chapter headings. -@PP -@Code "@ChapterHeadingFormat" allows you to change -the format of the heading. The symbol @Code "number" within it will -be replaced by the number of the chapter (actually including the word -Chapter as well in the current language, e.g. {@Code "Chapter 12"}); the -symbol @Code "title" within it will be replaced by the title. So you could -write, say, -@ID @Code -"@ChapterHeadingFormat { @Box paint { lightgrey } { number @DP title } }" -to get the title below the number, both enclosed in a box. The default -value uses the @Code "@DotSep" symbol from Section {@NumberOf headers} -to show the number and title separated by a dot and two spaces, like -@ID @Code "@ChapterHeadingFormat { number. title }" -except when there is no number. This option is applied -to other major headings, in the preface, introduction, table of -contents, appendices, reference list, and index. In all these other -cases, @Code "number" is an empty object, except for appendices, when it -contains @Code "Appendix A" or whatever. -@PP -There is a @Code "@PartHeadingFormat" option for determining the -format of part headings. It works in the same way as -{@Code "@ChapterHeadingFormat"}, with @Code "number" and @Code "title" -symbols standing for the relevant @Code "@PartNumber" and @Code "@PartTitle" -options. The default value is -@ID @Code "@PartHeadingFormat { @CD number @DP @CD title }" -which centres the number and title. The default paragraph breaking -style is {@Code "clines"}, but you may place a @Code "@Break" symbol -within @Code "@PartHeadingFormat" to change this. -@PP -The example of boxed titles for chapters given above suffers from two -practical deficiencies. First, the box won't extend right across the -page, and second, when there is no @Code "number" we don't want -@Code "@DP" either. Here is a value for @Code "@ChapterHeadingFormat" -that solves both problems: -@ID @OneCol @Code @Verbatim { -@ChapterHeadingFormat { - number @Case { - {} @Yield @Box paint { lightgrey } @HExpand { title } - else @Yield @Box paint { lightgrey } @HExpand { number @DP title } - } -} -} -The @Code "@Case" symbol (Expert's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }) -distinguishes between the cases where @Code "number" is empty and non-empty; -the @Code "@HExpand" symbol expands the horizontal space occupied by the -heading to the maximum possible, so that when the box is drawn around it -it will occupy the full page width. The format can be as -complicated as you like, and there is no need to squeeze it all onto -one line; as always, the end of a line is the same as one space. -@PP -Every chapter and appendix begins on a new page. @Code "@AboveChapterGap" -determines how much space is left blank above the chapter title; the -default value is three times the initial font size. There are similar -options for other large-scale structure symbols, which determine how -much space is left before each one. -@PP -@Code "@ChapterInContents" determines whether or not an entry is made in -the table of contents for each chapter; it may be @Code Yes or {@Code No}, -but would always be {@Code Yes}. The default value of the corresponding -options for sub-subsections and sub-subappendices, however, is {@Code No}. -@Code "@ChapterContentsIndent" determines how far from the left margin -the contents entry is indented if it is printed at all. The default -value shown above causes no indenting; but the default values for -the corresponding @Code "@SectionrContentsIndent" and -@Code "@SubSectionrContentsIndent" symbols are @Code 3f and @Code 6f -respectively, producing the familiar indenting structure. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ_illu b/doc/doc/user/typ_illu deleted file mode 100644 index 80b66f3..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ_illu +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Stand-alone illustrations } - @Tag { illustrations } -@Begin -@PP -This section describes how to use Lout to produce an illustration for -stand.alone.illustrations. @Index { stand-alone illustrations } -illustrations. @Index { illustrations } -inclusion in some other document, which may itself be a Lout document -but need not be. The opposite process, the inclusion of an illustration -in a Lout document, is the subject of Section {@NumberOf include}. -@PP -Suppose you want to produce the following logo -for inclusion in some other document: -@ID { -45d @Rotate @CurveBox { ARMY @LP 180d @Rotate ARMY } -} -This is just an object, and it is not hard to make it using Lout's -graphics features: -@ID @Code "45d @Rotate @CurveBox { ARMY @LP 180d @Rotate ARMY }" -The problem is that objects ordinarily come out on pages with margins, -page numbers, and so forth, which we don't want here. The solution -is to use the illustration document type, whose setup file, curiously -enough, is called {@Code "picture"}: -illustration. @Index @Code "@Illustration" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { picture }" -"@Illustration {" -" 45d @Rotate @CurveBox { ARMY @LP 180d @Rotate ARMY }" -"}" -} -After the usual @Code "@SysInclude" line comes one @Code "@Illustration" -symbol. Following it is an arbitrary object which becomes the entire -result, with no pages and no margins, ready for inclusion in some other -document as an illustration. -@PP -The @Code "@Illustration" symbol has options for setting the initial -font, paragraph breaking style, colour, and language. Here they are -with their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Illustration" -" @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }" -" @InitialBreak { adjust 1.2fx hyphen }" -" @InitialSpace { lout }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -" @InitialColour { black }" -" @InitialBackgroundColour { white }" -"{" -" ..." -"}" -} -You can specify any colour from the list in Section {@NumberOf colour}, -for example {@Code blue}, and then your illustration will have that -colour wherever it is included. -@PP -Because there are no pages, the width and height of the result are -indeterminate, depending on how large the object turns out to be. This -makes things very awkward for filled paragraphs and centring, which depend -on knowing how much space is available to be occupied. So you should either -avoid filled paragraphs and all displays and lists altogether in -illustrations, or else enclose your object in a @Code "@Wide" symbol: -wide. @RawIndex { @Code "@Wide" } -wide.illustrations @SubIndex { with illustrations } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Illustration 5c @Wide {" -" ..." -"}" -} -to make clear how wide you want your illustration to be. -@PP -The technical name for a file containing a stand-alone illustration -encapsulated.postscript @Index { encapsulated PostScript file } -eps @Index { EPS file } -is `encapsulated PostScript file' or `EPS file' for short. To get -Lout to produce an encapsulated PostScript file instead of an ordinary -PostScript file, you have to use the @Code "-EPS" Unix command line -flag. For example, suppose the Lout file containing our example -illustration is called {@Code "army"}; then the appropriate Unix -command for formatting it is -@ID @Code "lout -EPS army > army.eps" -An EPS file is supposed to contain only one `page', so Lout will refuse -to generate any second or subsequent pages when the @Code "-EPS" flag -is given. There is also a minor difference in format between ordinary -and encapsulated PostScript files, which is why the @Code "-EPS" flag -is needed at all. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ_ordi b/doc/doc/user/typ_ordi deleted file mode 100644 index 49b0397..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ_ordi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,314 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Ordinary documents } - @Tag { ordinary } -@Begin -@PP -Ordinary documents are the simplest kind, consisting of a plain sequence -ordinary. @Index { ordinary documents } -of numbered pages. To produce an ordinary document, use the @Code doc -setup file and the @Code "@Doc" symbol: -doc. @Index @Code "@Doc" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Doc @Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -where @Code ... stands for the body of your document. This is the -arrangement from Section {@NumberOf start} for getting -started. Alternatively, you can begin with -@Code "@Document" instead of {@Code "@Doc"}: -document. @Index @Code "@Document" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Document" -" @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }" -" @InitialBreak { adjust 1.2fx hyphen }" -" @InitialSpace { lout }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -" @PageOrientation { Portrait }" -" @PageHeaders { Simple }" -" @FirstPageNumber { 1 }" -" @ColumnNumber { 1 }" -" @OptimizePages { No }" -" @Unpaginated { No }" -"//" -"@Text @Begin" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -This shows all the options of {@Code "@Document"}, with their default -values. As usual with options, the options of {@Code "@Document"} -may be given in any order, and only the ones that need to be changed -need be given at all. Notice the @Code "//" after the last option. Its -meaning is beyond our -scope, but total disaster will ensue if it is forgotten. The @Code "@Doc" -symbol is an abbreviation for {@Code "@Document //"}. -# , which is why you don't need @Code "//" with {@Code "@Doc"}. -@PP -The eight options are a selection of setup file options (Section -{@NumberOf setup}) that frequently need to be changed. If your changes -to the overall formatting are confined to these options, you can change -them here and avoid having your own setup file. If you already have -your own setup file, change them in either place and omit them in -the other. -@PP -@Code "@InitialFont" is the font of the bulk of the document, -and should contain a family, a face, and a size. The default -value selects the Times family, the Base face, and the 12 point size. -@PP -@Code "@InitialBreak" controls the behaviour of paragraph breaking in -the bulk of the document. It should have three parts: a paragraph -breaking style ({@Code adjust}, {@Code ragged}, etc.), an inter-line -spacing ({@Code "1.2fx"} for single spacing, {@Code "2.4fx"} for -double spacing, and so on), and either @Code "hyphen" or @Code "nohyphen" -for turning hyphenation on or off. It may also have @Code "nobreakfirst" -or @Code "nobreaklast" (or both), meaning to disallow a page break after -the first line of a paragraph, or before the last, respectively. -@PP -@Code "@InitialSpace" determines how Lout treats white space between -two objects, as described in Section -{@NumberOf white}. @Code "@InitialLanguage" determines the language -of the bulk of the document. -@PP -@Code "@PageOrientation" determines the orientation of the page. Its -value may be {@Code Portrait} (the default), {@Code Landscape}, -{@Code ReversePortrait}, or {@Code ReverseLandscape}. See -Section {@NumberOf pagesize} for further details. -@PP -@Code "@PageHeaders" determines the appearance of page headers and -footers throughout the document, and may be {@Code None}, -{@Code Simple}, {@Code Titles}, or {@Code NoTitles}. Section -{@NumberOf headers} has the details, but just briefly, {@Code None} -means no page headers at all, {@Code Simple} means a -page number between hyphens at the top of each page except the first, -@Code Titles produces full running titles as in this guide, -and @Code "NoTitles" is like @Code "Titles" with the running titles -omitted, leaving just the page numbers. -@PP -@Code "@FirstPageNumber" is the page number given to the first page. -@PP -@Code "@ColumnNumber" is the number of columns per page in the bulk of -the document, and may be anything from {@Code 1} (the default value) to -{@Code 10}. It is possible to produce full-width ordinary -text in a multi-column document, using the @Code "@FullWidth" -full.width. @Index @Code "@FullWidth" -symbol: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Document" -" @ColumnNumber { 2 }" -"//" -"@Text @Begin" -"@FullWidth {" -"@CentredDisplay @Heading { NOTICE TO TRESPASSERS }" -"}Trespassers are hereby notified that, ..." -"@End @Text" -} -This produces a full-width heading above a two-column body. The word -@Code Trespassers has been placed immediately after the closing brace -of @Code "@FullWidth" because (regrettably) any space here will appear -before @Code Trespassers in the output. Alternatively you could use -a paragraph symbol: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@FullWidth { @CentredDisplay @Heading { NOTICE TO TRESPASSERS } }" -"@PP" -"Trespassers are hereby notified that, ..." -} -You can have several @Code "@FullWidth" symbols, -producing full-width text wherever you want. Just be aware that -@Code "@FullWidth" always causes a fresh page to be begun, it will never -appear on the same page as a figure or table, and it is not able to hold -a table of contents, a section, or an appendix. -@PP -Lout ordinarily places lines onto a page until space runs out, then moves -to the next page and so on. This often produces ugly empty spaces at -the bottoms of pages preceding large unbreakable displays. Setting the -@Code "@OptimizePages" option to {@Code "Yes"} causes Lout to examine the -overall situation and try to minimize the ugliness, using the @TeX -tex.page @SubIndex { page optimization } -optimal paragraph breaking algorithm. It takes two runs to do this, -with intermediate results stored in Lout's cross reference database -(Section {@NumberOf cross}); so deleting file {@Code lout.li} will reset -it, which might be wise after major changes. It is possible for the -optimizer to cycle, never settling on a single final best -version; this is usually caused by footnotes or floating figures inserted -at points that end up near page boundaries. -@PP -The @Code "@Unpaginated" option, whose value is ignored unless plain text -output is in effect, produces unpaginated output when changed to -{@Code Yes} (see Section {@NumberOf plain}). -@PP -Within the @Code "@Text" symbol, it is possible to have a sequence -of sections: -section. @RawIndex @Code "@Section" -section.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -beginsections. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSections" -beginsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -endsections. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSections" -endsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginSections" -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"..." -"@Section ... @End @Section" -"@EndSections" -} -as described in Section {@NumberOf largescale}. Within any -section, a similar arrangement produces subsections: -subsection. @RawIndex @Code "@SubSection" -subsection.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -beginsubsections. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSubSections" -beginsubsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -endsubsections. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSubSections" -endsubsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginSubSections" -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"..." -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"@EndSubSections" -} -Within any subsection, there may be sub-subsections, obtained -using {@Code "@BeginSubSubSections"}, {@Code "@SubSubSection"}, -subsubsection. @RawIndex @Code "@SubSubSection" -subsubsection.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -beginsubsubsections. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSubSubSections" -beginsubsubsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -endsubsubsections. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSubSubSections" -endsubsubsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -and {@Code "@EndSubSubSections"}. There are no sub-sub-subsections. -@PP -Also within the @Code "@Text" symbol only, there may be a sequence of -appendices: -appendix. @RawIndex @Code "@Appendix" -appendix.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -beginappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginAppendices" -beginappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -endappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@EndAppendices" -endappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginAppendices" -"@Appendix ... @End @Appendix" -"@Appendix ... @End @Appendix" -"..." -"@Appendix ... @End @Appendix" -"@EndAppendices" -} -These will be `numbered' A, B, C etc. as is conventional. Within any -appendix there may be a sequence of subappendices, obtained in the -usual way using {@Code "@BeginSubAppendices"}, {@Code "@SubAppendix"}, -subappendix. @RawIndex @Code "@SubAppendix" -subappendix.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -beginsubappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSubAppendices" -beginsubappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -endsubappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSubAppendices" -endsubappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -and {@Code "@EndSubAppendices"}. There are sub-subappendices as well, -following the same pattern, but no sub-sub-subappendices. -subsubappendix. @RawIndex @Code "@SubSubAppendix" -subsubappendix.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -beginsubsubappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSubSubAppendices" -beginsubsubappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -endsubsubappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSubSubAppendices" -endsubsubappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents } -@PP -In addition to the {@Code "@Title"} option, each large-scale structure -symbol ({@Code "@Section"}, {@Code "@SubSection"}, {@Code "@SubSubSection"}, -{@Code "@Appendix"}, {@Code "@SubAppendix"}, and {@Code "@SubSubAppendix"}) -has a @Code "@Tag" option for cross referencing (Section {@NumberOf cross}), -an @Code "@InitialLanguage" option for changing the language of that part -of the document, and a @Code "@RunningTitle" option which will be used in -place of @Code "@Title" in running headers if given. @Code "@RunningTitle" -is useful when the full title is rather long. -@PP -The features described in other chapters are all available within -ordinary documents. Endnotes and references appear automatically at -the end of the document. Figures are labelled Figure 1, Figure 2, -etc., and tables are labelled Table 1, Table 2, etc. -@PP -To get a table of contents, set the @Code "@MakeContents" option in -the setup file to {@Code Yes}, and insert the symbol -@Code "@ContentsGoesHere" at the point where you would like the -contents.goes.here. @Index @Code "@ContentsGoesHere" -table of contents to appear, anywhere before the first section: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { doc }" -"@Text @Begin" -"@CentredDisplay @Heading { Safety Procedures }" -"@Heading { Contents }" -"@DP" -"@ContentsGoesHere" -"@DP" -"..." -"@End @Text" -} -You must supply your own heading, as well as paragraph symbols -before and after. Regrettably, @Code "@ContentsGoesHere" may -not be placed inside a display, nor inside {@Code "@FullWidth"}. -@PP -To get an index, set the @Code "@MakeIndex" option in the setup file -to {@Code Yes}, and follow the instructions in Section -{@NumberOf indexes}. The index will appear automatically at the end -of your document. -@PP -Within the @Code doc setup file there is an @Code "@OrdinarySetup" -symbol whose options control the appearance of features specific to -ordinary documents (in other words, the features described in this -section). Here is a representative sample of these options, showing -their default values: -ordinary.setup @Index @Code "@OrdinarySetup" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Use { @OrdinarySetup" -" # @IndexWord { index }" -" # @AppendixWord { appendix }" -" # @SectionNumbers { Arabic }" -" # @SectionHeadingFont { Bold }" -" # @SectionGap { 2.00v }" -" # @SectionInContents { Yes }" -" # @SectionContentsIndent { 0f }" -"}" -} -Section {@NumberOf setup} explains how to make your own setup file and -change its options. -@PP -The @Code "@IndexWord" option determines what the index is called, if -there is one. The default value, {@Code "index"}, produces the word -`Index' in the current language. Any other value produces itself. The -@Code "@AppendixWord" option is similar; its default value is `Appendix' -in the current language. -@PP -@Code "@SectionNumbers" determines how sections will be numbered, and may -be @Code { None }, @Code { Arabic }, @Code { Roman }, @Code { UCRoman }, -@Code { Alpha }, or @Code { UCAlpha }. The default value is @Code Arabic -for sections and also all other large-scale structure symbols except -appendices, for which it is {@Code UCAlpha}. This produces the appendices -numbered in upper-case letters (A, B, C, etc.) that were mentioned earlier. -@PP -@Code "@SectionHeadingFont" is the font used for section headings. The -default value produces the bold face from the family of the -initial font. A family name or size is also acceptable: -@ID @Code "@SectionHeadingFont { Helvetica Base +2p }" -makes the section heading appear in the Helvetica font, two -points larger than the initial size. -@PP -@Code "@SectionGap" determines how much space is left blank before each -section title; the default value shown above is twice the current -inter-line spacing. The special value @Code "2b" may be used to get a -page break rather than a space. There are similar options for other -large-scale structure symbols, which determine how much space is left -before each one. -@PP -@Code "@SectionInContents" determines whether or not an entry is made in -the table of contents for each section; it may be @Code Yes or {@Code No}, -but would always be {@Code Yes}. The default value of the corresponding -options for sub-subsections and sub-subappendices, however, is {@Code No}. -@Code "@SectionContentsIndent" determines the indent of the contents -entry if printed at all; the default value shown above, @Code {0f}, -asks for zero indenting, so the entry will appear at the left margin. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ_orga b/doc/doc/user/typ_orga deleted file mode 100644 index ab8beef..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ_orga +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Organizing large documents } - @Tag { organizing } -@Begin -@PP -It is not a good plan to store a large document in a single large -organizing.large @Index { organizing large documents } -file. It takes too long to find things in it, and if some catastrophe -occurs, you lose the lot. Lout encourages you to break documents into -pieces by its willingness to read a sequence of files -({@Code "lout file1 file2 ..."}). For large documents, the following -plan is recommended. -@PP -Suppose you are making a book whose third chapter contains sections on -banksias, grevilleas, acacias, and eucalypts. Place each section, from -@Code "@Section" to {@Code "@End @Section"}, in a separate file, making -four files called, say, {@Code banksias}, {@Code grevilleas}, -{@Code acacias}, and {@Code eucalypts}. Then make a single file for the -chapter as a whole whose contents are as follows: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Chapter" -" @Title { Australian Native Plants }" -" @Tag { natives }" -"@Begin" -"Australian native plants provide a distinctive identity to the garden. Although" -"less colourful than their European alternatives, some banksias and grevilleas do" -"flower strongly, and of course the acacias (wattles) are unsurpassable in late winter." -"@BeginSections" -"@Include { banksias }" -"@Include { grevilleas }" -"@Include { acacias }" -"@Include { eucalypts }" -"@EndSections" -"@End @Chapter" -} -The @Code "@Include" symbol causes Lout to read the file whose name follows -include. @Index @Code "@Include" -it between braces, just as though the contents of that file had been included -at that point. -@PP -With this arrangement you can easily rearrange the order of the -sections: just swap their @Code "@Include" lines. You should be using -Lout's automatic cross referencing features (Section {@NumberOf cross}), -so you don't have to worry about keeping cross references up to date. You -can also temporarily delete a section by placing a @Code "#" character at -the start of its line: -@ID @Code "# @Include { acacias }" -This works because @Code "#" is the @I { comment character }: Lout will -comment. @Index { comments } -ignore this character (unless enclosed in double quotes) and everything -following it up to the end of the line. You can even temporarily delete -every section except the one you are working on at the moment, using -these comments. -@PP -Suppose now that this chapter file is called @Code { natives }, and you -have others called @Code { preface }, @Code { flowers }, etc. Then you -can make one file (call it @Code { garden }) for the whole book like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { book }" -"@Book" -" @Title { The Australian Garden }" -" @Author { Martha S. Vineyard }" -"//" -"@Include { preface }" -"@Include { flowers }" -"@Include { shrubs }" -"@Include { natives }" -"@Include { trees }" -} -You can play the same tricks here: swap chapters around, or temporarily -delete one or more with a {@Code "#"}. When a chapter is finished -you can temporarily delete it to save formatting time and paper, and -bring it back at the end. To format the book, use -@Code "lout garden > out.ps" -in Unix. Lout will read each @Code "@Include" file as it comes to it, -and if it finds an @Code "@Include" of a section while reading a chapter -file, it will read the section too. -@PP -If the order of your chapters is fairly stable, it might be advantageous -to use the @Code "@BypassNumber" option of @Code "@Chapter" (described -in Appendix {@NumberOf bypass}) to fix the numbers of all your chapters, -so that you get correct chapter numbers even when formatting one -chapter at a time. -@PP -If you decide to store chapters in separate Unix directories, make sure -that any @Code "/" characters in the file names are enclosed in double -quotes: -@ID @Code "@Include { \"natives.dir/acacias\" }" -Be careful not to give the directory the same name as your chapter -file. You might also find it useful to construct your book -@I { top-down }, as computer scientists call it, laying out all the -chapters and sections as empty skeletons and filling their contents in -later. -@PP -When some part of your document has to be repeated, one way to avoid -entering it twice is to place that part in a separate file and use -@Code "@Include" in two places to include it twice. This works, but -there are two caveats. First, it may be better to use a definition -(Section {@NumberOf definitions}), since that gives you an object -with a name, which you can use with confidence anywhere at all. -Second, Lout treats @Code "@Include" in a peculiar way when it -appears in the setup part of a document (in definitions, databases, -and the @Code "@Use" clauses that appear within setup files): it -reads the file the first time, but silently skips it the other -times. This is done to simplify the handling of files of -definitions that depend on other files of definitions, as described -in the Expert's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ_over b/doc/doc/user/typ_over deleted file mode 100644 index 48ee1ad..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ_over +++ /dev/null @@ -1,315 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Overhead transparencies } - @Tag { overheads } -@Begin -@PP -To produce overhead transparencies (hereafter called overheads), start off -overheads. @Index { overhead transparencies } -slides. @RawIndex { slides @I see overhead transparencies } -with the @Code slides setup file and the @Code "@OverheadTransparencies" -overhead.transparencies. @Index @Code "@OverheadTransparencies" -symbol: -# @FootNote { -# In Version 3.15 overhead transparencies were updated and brought into line -# with the other document types. Although existing source files do not need -# to be modified, their printed appearance may change (spacing, running -# headers). There are some new setup file options, and some changes to -# existing setup file options. -# } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { slides }" -"@OverheadTransparencies" -" @Title {}" -" @RunningTitle {}" -" @Author {}" -" @Institution {}" -" @DateLine { No }" -" @InitialFont { Times Base 20p }" -" @InitialBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen }" -" @InitialSpace { lout }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -" @PageOrientation { Portrait }" -" @PageHeaders { Titles }" -" @FirstPageNumber { 1 }" -" @FirstOverheadNumber { 1 }" -" @FirstLectureNumber { 1 }" -" @OptimizePages { No }" -"//" -} -This shows all the options of @Code "@OverheadTransparencies" with their -default values. As usual with options, they may be given in any order, and -only the ones whose values need to be changed need be given at all. The -meaning of the @Code "//" symbol after the last option is beyond our -scope, but disaster will ensue if it is forgotten. -@PP -If @Code "@Title" is not empty, an initial overhead will be produced -containing the {@Code "@Title"}, {@Code "@Author"}, {@Code "@Institution"}, -and {@Code "@DateLine"} options. @Code "@DateLine" may be set to -{@Code "No"}, meaning no dateline, {@Code "Yes"}, meaning print the current -date, or anything else, which is taken to be a date and printed. -@PP -Each overhead has a running header printed in small type at the top -left. The @Code "@RunningTitle" option goes into this header, or, if -there is no @Code "@RunningTitle" option, @Code "@Title" is used instead. -@PP -The remaining options are a selection of setup file options (Section -{@NumberOf setup}) that frequently need to be changed. If your changes -to the overall formatting are confined to these options, you can change -them here and avoid having your own setup file. If you already have -your own setup file, change them in either place and omit them in -the other. -@PP -@Code "@InitialFont" is the font in which the overheads will be set, and -should contain a family, a face, and a size. A good font size for -overheads is 20 points, so that is the default size. -@PP -@Code "@InitialBreak" controls the behaviour of paragraph breaking in -the overheads. It should have three parts: a paragraph -breaking style ({@Code adjust}, {@Code ragged}, etc.), an inter-line -spacing ({@Code "1.2fx"} for single spacing, {@Code "2.4fx"} for -double spacing, and so on), and either @Code "hyphen" or @Code "nohyphen" -for turning hyphenation on or off. Adjusted lines and hyphenated words -are difficult to read from overheads, so the default is not to have them. -@Code "@InitialSpace" determines how Lout treats white space between -objects (Section {@NumberOf white}). @Code "@InitialLanguage" -determines the language of the overheads. -@PP -@Code "@PageOrientation" determines the orientation of the page. Its -value may be {@Code Portrait} (the default), {@Code Landscape}, -{@Code ReversePortrait}, or {@Code ReverseLandscape}. See -Section {@NumberOf pagesize} for further details. -@PP -@Code "@PageHeaders" determines the appearance of page headers and -footers. Its value may be {@Code None}, {@Code Simple}, {@Code Titles}, -or {@Code NoTitles}. Section {@NumberOf headers} has the details, but -just briefly, {@Code None} produces no page headers, {@Code Simple} produces -page numbers only, @Code Titles produces full running titles, and -@Code "NoTitles" is similar to @Code "Simple" in this context. -@PP -@Code "@FirstPageNumber" is the number given to the first page, -@Code "@FirstOverheadNumber" is the number given to the first overhead, -and @Code "@FirstLectureNumber" is the number given to the first lecture, -of which more below. See preceding sections for {@Code "@OptimizePages"}. -@PP -After the compulsory {@Code "//"} come the overheads themselves. There -are two alternatives: a series of overheads, corresponding to a single -lecture, or a series of series of overheads, corresponding to a series -of lectures. If the first is wanted, use this arrangement: -overhead. @Index @Code "@Overhead" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { slides }" -"@OverheadTransparencies" -" @Title { ... }" -" @Author { ... }" -" @DateLine { ... }" -" ..." -"//" -"@Overhead ... @End @Overhead" -"@Overhead ... @End @Overhead" -"..." -"@Overhead ... @End @Overhead" -} -@Code "@Overhead" is a large-scale structure symbol, similar to -{@Code "@Section"}, with the usual options: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Overhead" -" @Title { Trends in investment since 1980 }" -" @RunningTitle { Investment }" -" @Tag { investment }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -"@Begin" -"..." -"@End @Overhead" -} -If @Code "@Title" is given it will appear as a centred, bold display -at the beginning of the overhead. As usual, these options may be given -in any order or omitted altogether. -@PP -The body of the overhead is quite arbitrary. Typically one tends to -use lists and displays more than paragraphs, but all the usual features -are available. Each overhead begins on a fresh page, but it may occupy -more than one page. -@PP -@Code "@Overhead" also has a @Code "@Format" option which allows you to -specify an arbitrary format for the body of the overhead (that is, -everything except its title). For example, -@ID @Code "@Format { @CurveBox @HExpand @VExpand @Body }" -encloses the body in a curvebox, with the box expanded to the full -available width and height. Unlike the similar option for figures -and tables, however, this @Code "@Format" option unfortunately has -not been set up to work with multi-page overheads, so if you use the -format just given you have to make sure your overheads all fit on one -page. To draw boxes around the @I entire page, use the @Code "@PageBox" -setup file options. -@PP -Lout does not provide any special support for overlays. A good way to -make them is to first produce one overhead containing all the layers -simultaneously. Once this is correct, enclose the entire body of the -overhead in {@Code "white @Colour"}, make one copy of the text of the -overhead for each layer, separating the copies with @Code "@NP" -(new page) symbols, and, in each copy, enclose the parts that are -to appear in that layer in {@Code "black @Colour"} (or any other -colour). This works because @Code "white @Colour" makes an object -invisible without altering its size. -@PP -We turn now to the second major alternative, which is a series -of lectures, like this: -lecture. @Index @Code "@Lecture" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@SysInclude { slides }" -"@OverheadTransparencies" -" @Title { ... }" -" @Author { ... }" -" @DateLine { ... }" -" ..." -"//" -"@Lecture ... @End @Lecture" -"@Lecture ... @End @Lecture" -"..." -"@Lecture ... @End @Lecture" -} -@Code "@Lecture" is a large-scale structure symbol, again with -the usual options: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Lecture" -" @Title { Macro-Economic Policies for the Nineties }" -" @RunningTitle { Macro-economic policies }" -" @Tag { macro-economics }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -"@Begin" -"..." -"@End @Lecture" -} -If @Code "@Title" is non-empty the series of overheads will begin with -an overhead containing the title alone, centred on the page using the -@Code "clines" paragraph breaking style. This means that it makes -sense to have a multi-line title. Any text following the @Code "@Begin" -will appear under the lecture title as you would expect. Within the -body of {@Code "@Lecture"}, place a series of overheads -bracketed by @Code "@BeginOverheads" and {@Code "@EndOverheads"}: -beginoverheads. @Index @Code "@BeginOverheads" -endoverheads. @Index @Code "@EndOverheads" -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@BeginOverheads" -"@Overhead ... @End @Overhead" -"..." -"@EndOverheads" -} -The @Code "@Overhead" symbol is exactly as described earlier. -@PP -The features described in other chapters are available with -overheads. Endnotes and references appear automatically at the -end of the overheads. You can have a table of contents, by setting -the @Code "@MakeContents" option of the setup file to {@Code Yes}. It -will appear automatically after any title overhead. The setup file -options have been set on the assumption that you want your lectures -to appear in the table of contents, but not individual overheads. It is not -possible to have an index, and it is not possible to have multiple columns. -@PP -Within the @Code slides setup file there is an @Code "@OverheadSetup" -symbol whose options control the appearance of features specific to -overhead.setup. @Index @Code "@OverheadSetup" -overheads (in other words, the features described in this section). Here -are some of these options and their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Use { @OverheadSetup - # @DateLine { No } - # @FirstOverheadNumber { 1 } - # @FirstLectureNumber { 1 } - # @ContentsWord { contents } - # @LectureNumbers { Arabic } - # @OverheadNumbers { Arabic } - # @TitlePageFont { Helvetica Base } - # @TitleFormat { @Center clines @Break title } - # @AuthorFormat { @Center clines @Break author } - # @InstitutionFormat { @Center clines @Break @I institution } - # @DateLineFormat { @Center date } - # @AboveTitleGap { 0.5i } - # @AboveAuthorGap { 1.0i } - # @AboveInstitutionGap { 0.5i } - # @AboveDateLineGap { 0.5i } - # @LectureHeadingFont { Bold 1.20f } - # @LectureHeadingFormat { @Centre number @DP @Centre title @DP } - # @OverheadHeadingFormat { @Centre title @DP } - # @OverheadHeadingFont { Bold } - # @LectureInContents { Yes } - # @OverheadInContents { No } - # @ReferencesInContents { Yes } -} -} -For an introduction to setup files and their options, consult -Section {@NumberOf setup}. The first four options are as for -@Code "@OverheadTransparencies" as described above. @Code "@ContentsWord" -determines the table of contents heading; its default value, {@Code contents}, -produces `Contents' in the current language. @Code "@LectureNumbers" -and @Code "@OverheadNumbers" determine the style of numbering of lectures -and overheads, and may be {@Code None}, {@Code Arabic}, {@Code Roman}, -{@Code UCRoman}, {@Code Alpha}, or {@Code UCAlpha} as usual. Next come -options for setting the font of the overall title page, the format of -the title, author, institution, and dateline parts of it, the gap -above the title, author, institution, and dateline that appear on that -page; then options controlling the appearance of the headings at the -start of each lecture and overhead, and finally options which determine -which entries are made in any table of contents. -@PP -The @Code "@LectureHeadingFormat" option determines the -format of the heading of each lecture. Within it, the symbol @Code "number" -stands for the number of the lecture, including the `Lecture' word if -there is one, and @Code "title" stands for the title of the lecture. The -default value centres the number and title, with display gaps below -each one. @Code "@OverheadHeadingFormat" is similar; it has the same -symbols but the default value chooses not to use {@Code "number"}. -@PP -Other setup file options exist which permit you to have a box drawn -around each overhead, and to change the page size, margins, and -orientation. These are described in Chapter {@NumberOf changes}. -@PP -Section {@NumberOf headers} describes the setup file options that -control the appearance of page headers and footers. With overheads, -the values given to the {@Code "@MajorTitle"}, {@Code "@MinorTitle"}, -{@Code "@MajorNum"}, and {@Code "@MinorNum"} symbols within those -options are as follows. If @Code "@Lecture" is being used: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @Code "@MajorTitle" } - B { The @Code "@RunningTitle" option of -{@Code "@OverheadTransparencies"}, or its @Code "@Title" option -if @Code "@RunningTitle" is absent; } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@MinorTitle" } - B { The @Code "@RunningTitle" option of the current -{@Code "@Lecture"}, or else its @Code "@Title" option if -@Code "@RunningTitle" is absent; } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@MajorNum" } - B { The number of the current {@Code "@Lecture"}; } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@MinorNum" } - B { A two-part number, for example 5.2, containing the number of -the current @Code "@Lecture" and the number within that lecture -of the current overhead. } -} -If @Code "@Lecture" is not being used: -@ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col B } -{ -@Rowa - A { @Code "@MajorTitle" } - B { The @Code "@RunningTitle" option of -{@Code "@OverheadTransparencies"}, or its @Code "@Title" option -if @Code "@RunningTitle" is absent; } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@MinorTitle" } - B { Empty; } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@MajorNum" } - B { Empty; } -@Rowa - A { @Code "@MinorNum" } - B { The number of the current overhead. } -} -The first page occupied by any overhead is a @Code Start page; subsequent -pages are @Code NonStart pages. There are no @Code Intro pages. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ_plai b/doc/doc/user/typ_plai deleted file mode 100644 index af0f08f..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ_plai +++ /dev/null @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Plain text documents } - @Tag { plain } -@Begin -@PP -Occasionally you may need to produce an output file containing plain text -plain.text. @Index { plain text documents } -rather than PostScript, for example for an online manual entry or to send -as electronic mail. Any document that can be produced by Lout in -PostScript can be produced in plain text as well, by adding a @Code "-p" -flag to the Unix command line: -@ID @Code "lout -p simple" -No other changes are required. Here we are sending the output directly to -the screen, but it can be redirected to a file, or piped through the -@Code more command for viewing one page at a time, etc. -@PP -Of course, plain text is an extremely limited medium of communication -compared with PostScript, and this forces Lout to make some rather -drastic compromises: -@BulletList gap { @ParaGap } -@LI { Symbols like {@Code "@Bullet"}, which stand for unusual characters, -produce printable characters which approximate the PostScript ones. For -example, {@Code "@Bullet"} produces {@Code "o"}. However, the @Code "@Char" -and @Code "@Sym" symbols often produce unprintable characters, and are best -avoided; } -@LI { All font and size changes are ignored, since plain text has only -one font and size. Every character is taken to be @M { 1 frac 10 } inch -wide and @M { 1 frac 6 } inch high; } -@LI { No underlines are printed; } -@LI { No margin notes are printed; } -@LI { Scaled objects are not printed unless the scale factor happens to be 1; } -@LI { Rotated objects are not printed unless the angle happens to be zero -degrees. This means that page orientations (Section {@NumberOf pagesize}) -other than @Code Portrait do not work; } -@LI { Ruled lines are not printed, and paint and colour options are -ignored. This spoils the graphics and graphs of Chapters -{@NumberOf graphics}, {@NumberOf diagrams}, and {@NumberOf graphs}. } -@EndList -Despite the problems, many things work surprisingly well. Tables, for example, -look very good. It does no harm to try things and see if they work out. -@PP -The worst problem with plain text is that characters cannot be placed at -arbitrary points on the page. A superscript, for example, is impossible to -place correctly, so Lout uses a different layout for footnote labels (and -makes a mess of equations, which are best avoided). Because of this problem -it's best to make all horizontal lengths multiples of @M {1 frac 10} inch -(conveniently expressed as {@Code 1s}), and all vertical lengths multiples -of @M { 1 frac 6 } inch (conveniently expressed as {@Code 1f}). To help -you do this, the setup files contain many entries that look like this -example: -@ID @Code "# @InitialBreak { {adjust 1.2fx hyphen} @OrIfPlain {ragged 1fx nohyphen} }" -The meaning is that the value of @Code "@InitialBreak" will be -@Code "adjust 1.2fx hyphen" usually, but will switch to -{@Code "ragged 1fx nohyphen"}, which is better suited to plain text, -if the @Code "-p" command line flag is used. These setup file values -allow you to switch from PostScript to plain text and back again without -changing anything at all except the @Code "-p" command line flag. -@PP -If you use @Code "lout -P" instead of {@Code "lout -p"}, the plain text -output will contain a form-feed character (control-L) after each page -form.feed @Index { form-feed in plain text } -except the last. This character causes most printing devices to start -a new page, which is very useful when your page height is not exactly -right. -@PP -The @Code "@Document" symbol (Section {@NumberOf ordinary}) has an -unpaginated. @Index @Code "@Unpaginated" -@Code "@Unpaginated" option which, when set to {@Code "Yes"}, causes -the plain text output to appear unpaginated, that is, in one continous -stream with no page breaks. It is ignored if plain text output is -not in effect, so it can be set to @Code "Yes" in documents intended -for formatting both ways. The usual margins apply; footnotes appear -at the end; floating figures and tables do not work. Lout stupidly -reads the entire document before producing any output when this -option is used, so if the document is long you might run out of memory. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/typ_repo b/doc/doc/user/typ_repo deleted file mode 100644 index 0c41ff4..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/typ_repo +++ /dev/null @@ -1,357 +0,0 @@ -@Section - @Title { Technical reports } - @Tag { reports } -@Begin -@PP -To make a technical report, -start off with the @Code "report" setup -reports. @Index { reports } -technical.reports. @Index { technical reports } -report. @Index @Code "@Report" -file and the @Code "@Report" symbol: -@ID @OneRow -1px @Break @Code { -"@SysInclude { report }" -"@Report" -" @Title {}" -" @Author {}" -" @Institution {}" -" @DateLine { No }" -" @AtEnd {}" -" @CoverSheet { Yes }" -" @ContentsSeparate { No }" -" @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }" -" @InitialBreak { hyphen adjust 1.2fx }" -" @InitialSpace { lout }" -" @InitialLanguage { English }" -" @PageOrientation { Portrait }" -" @PageHeaders { Simple }" -" @ColumnNumber { 1 }" -" @FirstPageNumber { 1 }" -" @OptimizePages { No }" -" @AbstractDisplay { Yes }" -" @AbstractTitle { Abstract }" -" @Abstract {}" -" @GlossaryText { @Null }" -" @IndexText { @Null }" -" @IndexAText { @Null }" -" @IndexBText { @Null }" -"//" -} -This shows all the options of {@Code "@Report"} -@FootNote { -Before Version 3.13, @Code "@Abstract" followed "//" rather than -preceded it, and had some options that are now withdrawn. Old -documents may therefore need some superficial rearrangement. -} -with their default values. As usual with options, they may be given in -any order, and only the ones whose values need to be changed need be -given at all. The meaning of the @Code "//" symbol is beyond our scope, -but disaster will ensue if it is forgotten. -@PP -The @Code "@Title" option holds the title of the report. It will be -printed using the @Code clines paragraph breaking style (Section -{@NumberOf paras}), which centres each line, so multi-line titles -make sense: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Report" -" @Title {" -"The solution of real instances of" -"the timetabling problem" -"}" -" ..." -} -With a multi-line title, each line after the first should begin -at the left margin, not indented. It doesn't matter where the first -line begins, because space following an open brace is ignored. -@PP -The @Code "@Author" and @Code "@Institution" options hold the author's -name and institution or address, and will also be printed using the -@Code clines style. If there are several authors but only one -institution, list all the authors in the @Code "@Author" option: -@ID @Code "@Author { Tim B. Cooper and Jeffrey H. Kingston }" -With more authors, or with more than one institution, it is best to -ignore the @Code "@Institution" option and place all the information -within the @Code "@Author" option, enclosing institution information -in @Code "@I" symbols. In extreme cases, a table with columns of -authors might be necessary (Chapter {@NumberOf tables}). -@PP -@Code "@DateLine" may be set to {@Code No}, meaning no dateline, -{@Code Yes}, meaning print the current date, or anything else, which is -taken to be a date and printed: -@ID @Code "@DateLine { 4 July, 1776 }" -A good plan is to use @Code "@DateLine { Yes }" until -the report is finalized. -@PP -The {@Code "@AtEnd"} option will come out on a single unnumbered -page with no page headers or footers, and using the same margins as for -even pages, after the very last page of the report; even after the -index if there is one. It is intended to make it possible to -include a back cover, so @Code "@PageOf last.page" does not take -account of any @Code "@AtEnd" page. -@PP -The remaining options (except {@Code "@Abstract"}) are setup file options -(Section {@NumberOf setup}) that frequently need to be changed. If your -changes to the overall formatting are confined to these options, you can -change them here and avoid having your own setup file. If you already have -your own setup file, change them in either place and omit them in -the other. -@PP -If @Code "@CoverSheet" is {@Code Yes}, an unnumbered cover -cover.sheet. @Index @Code "@CoverSheet" -sheet will be produced containing the title, author, institution, -abstract, and dateline. Otherwise they will appear on the -first page. The `cover sheet' is in reality a sequence of Intro pages -(Section {@NumberOf headers}), numbered by default with Roman numerals -on pages after the first. -@PP -In order to get a table of contents, it is necessary to use your -own setup file (Section {@NumberOf setup} explains how to do this) -and to set the @Code "@MakeContents" option within it to -{@Code Yes}. The table of contents will ordinarily appear beginning -on the first page, but if the @Code "@ContentsSeparate" option of -@Code "@Report" is -contents.separate @Index @Code "@ContentsSeparate" -set to @Code "Yes" it will appear on separate pages. -@PP -@Code "@InitialFont" is the font of the bulk of the report, -and should contain a family, a face, and a size. The default -value selects the Times family, the Base face, and the 12 point size. -@PP -@Code "@InitialBreak" controls the behaviour of paragraph breaking in -the bulk of the report. It should have three parts: a paragraph -breaking style ({@Code adjust}, {@Code ragged}, etc.), an inter-line -spacing ({@Code "1.2fx"} for single spacing, {@Code "2.4fx"} for -double spacing, and so on), and either @Code "hyphen" or -@Code "nohyphen" for turning hyphenation on or off. It may also -have @Code "nobreakfirst" or @Code "nobreaklast" (or both), meaning -to disallow a page break after the first line of a paragraph, or -before the last, respectively. -@PP -@Code "@InitialSpace" determines how Lout treats white space between -two objects, as described in Section -{@NumberOf white}. @Code "@InitialLanguage" determines the language -of the bulk of the report. -@PP -@Code "@PageOrientation" determines the orientation of the page. Its -value may be {@Code Portrait} (the default), {@Code Landscape}, -{@Code ReversePortrait}, or {@Code ReverseLandscape}. See -Section {@NumberOf pagesize} for further details. -@PP -@Code "@PageHeaders" determines the appearance of page headers and -footers. Its value may be {@Code None}, -{@Code Simple}, {@Code Titles}, or {@Code NoTitles}. Section -{@NumberOf headers} has the details, but just briefly, {@Code None} -produces no page headers, {@Code Simple} produces a centred page number -between hyphens on every page except the cover sheet and the first -page, @Code Titles produces full running titles as in the present -document, and @Code "NoTitles" is like @Code "Titles" with the running -titles omitted, leaving just the page numbers. -@PP -@Code "@ColumnNumber" is the number of columns per page in the bulk of -the report, and may be anything from {@Code 1} (the default value) to -{@Code 10}. However, there is nothing analogous to the @Code "@FullWidth" -symbol of ordinary documents. Instead, the cover sheet, title material, -and all figures and tables will be printed full width, and the rest will -be set in columns. There is a separate @Code "@IndexColumnNumber" option -in the setup file which determines the number of columns in the index -(Section {@NumberOf indexes}). -@PP -@Code "@FirstPageNumber" is the page number given to the first page. -@PP -Lout ordinarily places lines onto a page until space runs out, then moves -to the next page and so on. This often produces ugly empty spaces at -the bottoms of pages preceding large unbreakable displays. Setting the -@Code "@OptimizePages" option to {@Code "Yes"} causes Lout to examine the -overall situation and try to minimize the ugliness, using the @TeX -optimal paragraph breaking algorithm. It takes two runs to do this, -with intermediate results stored in Lout's cross reference database -(Section {@NumberOf cross}); so deleting file {@Code lout.li} will reset -it, which might be wise after major changes. It is possible for the -optimizer to cycle, never settling on a single final best version; this -is usually caused by footnotes or floating figures inserted at points -which end up near page boundaries. -@PP -Finally we have three options that control the abstract. -@Code "@AbstractDisplay" may be @Code { Yes } or {@Code No}; -it determines whether the abstract is displayed (occupying -the full page width except for an indent at each side like a quoted -display) or inline (occupying the column width). There is a more -general option, {@Code "@AbstractFormat"}, in the setup file that -offers more formatting choices. @Code "@AbstractTitle" is the title -of the abstract; its default value is @Code Abstract or its equivalent -in the current language. Finally, @Code "@Abstract" contains the -abstract. @Index @Code "@Abstract" -abstract itself; it may be empty or absent, in which case there will -be no abstract. The abstract may contain footnotes in the usual way. -@PP -The {@Code "@GlossaryText"}, {@Code "@IndexText"}, {@Code "@IndexAText"}, -and {@Code "@IndexBText"} symbols allow you to insert some arbitrary -text after the title of the glossary, index, etc., and before the -entries. -@PP -After the compulsory {@Code "//"} comes the report body in the -form of a sequence of sections: -section.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Section" -" @Title { Introduction }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"..." -"@End @Section" -} -No @Code "@BeginSections" or @Code "@EndSections" symbols are needed. The -beginsections.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -endsections.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -general rule is that you need these bracketing symbols only when you are -inside something else. Sections lie inside @Code "@Text" in ordinary -documents, but they don't lie inside anything else in technical reports. -@PP -A section may have subsections, between -subsection.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -beginsubsections.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -endsubsections.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -@Code "@BeginSubSections" and {@Code "@EndSubSections"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginSubSections" -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"..." -"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection" -"@EndSubSections" -} -Within each subsection there may be sub-subsections, each introduced -by {@Code "@SubSubSection"}, with the whole sequence bracketed by -subsubsection.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -beginsubsubsections.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -endsubsubsections.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -@Code "@BeginSubSubSections" and {@Code "@EndSubSubSections"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginSubSubSections" -"@SubSubSection ... @End @SubSubSection" -"@SubSubSection ... @End @SubSubSection" -"..." -"@SubSubSection ... @End @SubSubSection" -"@EndSubSubSections" -} -There are no sub-sub-subsections. -@PP -After the sections comes an optional sequence of appendices: -appendix.reports @SubIndex { in technical reports } -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Appendix" -" @Title { Derivation of the renewal formula }" -"@Begin" -"@PP" -"..." -"@End @Appendix" -} -No @Code "@BeginAppendices" or @Code "@EndAppendices" symbols are needed, -beginappendices.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -endappendices.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -because (like the sections above) these appendices do not lie inside -any other large-scale structure symbol. The appendices are numbered -A, B, C, etc., as is conventional for them. Within each appendix -there may be a sequence of subappendices, obtained with the -@Code "@SubAppendix" symbol and bracketed by @Code "@BeginSubAppendices" -subappendix.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -beginsubappendices.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -endsubappendices.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -and {@Code "@EndSubAppendices"}: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"preceding text" -"@BeginSubAppendices" -"@SubAppendix ... @End @SubAppendix" -"@SubAppendix ... @End @SubAppendix" -"..." -"@SubAppendix ... @End @SubAppendix" -"@EndSubAppendices" -} -There are sub-subappendices following the same pattern, but no -subsubappendix.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -beginsubsubappendices.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -endsubsubappendices.reports @SubIndex { in reports } -sub-sub-subappendices. -@PP -The report ends with the last section or appendix; any reference list or -index will be appended automatically. Although we have described how to -create reports as though everything was in one large file, in practice it -is much better to divide the report into multiple files, following the -method given in Section {@NumberOf organizing}. -@PP -In addition to the {@Code "@Title"} option, each large-scale structure -symbol ({@Code "@Section"}, {@Code "@SubSection"}, {@Code "@SubSubSection"}, -{@Code "@Appendix"}, {@Code "@SubAppendix"}, -and {@Code "@SubSubAppendix"}) has a @Code "@Tag" option for cross -referencing (Section {@NumberOf cross}), an @Code "@InitialLanguage" -option for changing the language of that part of the document, and a -@Code "@RunningTitle" option which will be used in place of @Code "@Title" -in running headers if given. @Code "@RunningTitle" is useful when the -full title is rather long. -@PP -The features described in other chapters are all available within -technical reports. To get a table of contents, change the @Code -"@MakeContents" option in the setup file to {@Code Yes}; the rest is -automatic, and you don't need the @Code "@ContentsGoesHere" symbol from -ordinary documents. To get an index, again you need only change the -@Code "@MakeIndex" setup file option to {@Code Yes}. Endnotes and -references appear at the end of the report. Figures and tables are -numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. -@PP -Within the @Code "report" setup file there is a @Code "@ReportSetup" -symbol whose options control the appearance of features specific to -report.setup @Index @Code "@ReportSetup" -reports (in other words, the features described in this section). Section -{@NumberOf setup} explains setup files and their options in general; here -is a representative sample of these options, showing their default values: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@Use { @ReportSetup" -" # @CoverSheet { Yes }" -" # @DateLine { No }" -" # @ReferencesBeforeAppendices { No }" -" # @AbstractWord { abstract }" -" # @ContentsWord { contents }" -" # @SectionNumbers { Arabic }" -" # @SectionHeadingFont { Bold }" -" # @SectionGap { 2.00v }" -" # @SectionInContents { Yes }" -" # @SectionContentsIndent { 0f }" -"}" -} -@Code "@CoverSheet" and @Code "@DateLine" are as for {@Code "@Report"}; -you can set them in either place as you prefer. @Code -"@ReferencesBeforeAppendices" determines whether the reference list is -printed out before or after any appendices. @Code "@AbstractWord" -determines the value of the title of the abstract if none is given there; -its default value, {@Code abstract}, produces `Abstract' in the current -language. @Code "@ContentsWord" is similar; its default value produces -`Contents' in the current language. The other four options -control the appearance of sections, and there are similar options for -controlling the other large-scale structure symbols. -@PP -@Code "@SectionNumbers" determines how sections will be numbered, and may -be @Code { None }, @Code { Arabic }, @Code { Roman }, @Code { UCRoman }, -@Code { Alpha }, or @Code { UCAlpha }. The default value is @Code Arabic -for sections, and also for all large-scale structure symbols except -appendices, for which it is {@Code UCAlpha}. This produces the appendices -numbered in upper-case letters (A, B, C, etc.) that were mentioned earlier. -@PP -@Code "@SectionHeadingFont" is the font of section headings. The -default value shown above produces the bold face from the family -of the initial font. A family name and size is acceptable: -@ID @Code "@SectionHeadingFont { Helvetica Base +2p }" -produces section headings in the Helvetica font, two points larger -than the initial font size. -@PP -@Code "@SectionGap" determines how much space is left blank before each -section title; the default value shown above is twice the current -inter-line spacing. The special value @Code "2b" may be used to get a -page break rather than a space. @Code "@SectionInContents" determines -whether or not an entry is made in the table of contents for each section; -it may be @Code Yes or {@Code No}. @Code "@SectionContentsIndent" -determines how far the contents entry is indented from the left -margin if printed at all. There are similar options for other -large-scale structure symbols. -@End @Section diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vbas b/doc/doc/user/vbas deleted file mode 100755 index 0004cfb..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vbas +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -vi bas bas_star bas_objs bas_spac bas_char bas_empt bas_font bas_head \ - bas_par1 bas_par2 bas_line bas_hyph bas_unde bas_date bas_lang \ - bas_supe bas_verb bas_drop bas_conv diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vbgr b/doc/doc/user/vbgr deleted file mode 100755 index be6461c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vbgr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -gvim bgr -gvim bgr_colo -gvim bgr_text -gvim bgr_boxs -gvim bgr_outl -gvim bgr_rota -gvim bgr_scal -gvim bgr_clip -gvim bgr_mirr -gvim bgr_incl -gvim bgr_prec diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vdia b/doc/doc/user/vdia deleted file mode 100755 index 27c456c..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vdia +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -gvim dia -gvim dia_intr -gvim dia_node -gvim dia_link -gvim dia_tags -gvim dia_labe -gvim dia_posi -gvim dia_tree -gvim dia_synt -gvim dia_erro -gvim dia_defi -gvim dia_geom -gvim dia_summ diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vequ b/doc/doc/user/vequ deleted file mode 100755 index 87cdf93..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vequ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -gvim equ -gvim equ_intr -gvim equ_symb -gvim equ_vert -gvim equ_spac -gvim equ_disp -gvim equ_defs -gvim equ_summ -gvim equ_tequ diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vfmt b/doc/doc/user/vfmt deleted file mode 100755 index 3e6af88..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vfmt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -gvim fmt -gvim fmt_setu -gvim fmt_size -gvim fmt_marg -gvim fmt_head diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vgra b/doc/doc/user/vgra deleted file mode 100755 index 60b9b5b..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vgra +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -gvt gra gra_intr gra_over gra_capt gra_tick gra_data gra_plac gra_func \ - gra_keys gra_erro gra_summ diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vmat b/doc/doc/user/vmat deleted file mode 100755 index 9241985..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vmat +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -gvt mat mat_intr mat_comm mat_matr mat_disp mat_defs mat_summ diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vpie b/doc/doc/user/vpie deleted file mode 100755 index 5f9e2e4..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vpie +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -gvim pie -sleep 2 -gvim pie_intr -sleep 2 -gvim pie_slic -sleep 2 -gvim pie_over -sleep 2 -gvim pie_capt -sleep 2 -gvim pie_labe -sleep 2 -gvim pie_erro -sleep 2 -gvim pie_summ diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vprg b/doc/doc/user/vprg deleted file mode 100755 index 81c0abe..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vprg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -gvt prg prg_lone prg_embe prg_opti prg_chan prg_tabs prg_form \ - prg_comm prg_prog prg_pipe prg_erro prg_perl diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vref b/doc/doc/user/vref deleted file mode 100755 index 7e85672..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vref +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -gvim ref -gvim ref_sett -gvim ref_cite -gvim ref_labe -gvim ref_entr -gvim ref_chan -gvim ref_crea diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vstr b/doc/doc/user/vstr deleted file mode 100755 index 7f4e2d0..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vstr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -vi str str_disp str_list str_foot str_marg str_theo str_figs str_larg \ - str_cros str_cont str_indx str_colu str_defs diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vtbl b/doc/doc/user/vtbl deleted file mode 100755 index 68159ce..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vtbl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -gvim tbl -gvim tbl_intr -gvim tbl_cell -gvim tbl_rows -gvim tbl_rule -gvim tbl_marg -gvim tbl_widt -gvim tbl_inde -gvim tbl_alig -gvim tbl_span -gvim tbl_mark -gvim tbl_mult -gvim tbl_plai -gvim tbl_setu -gvim tbl_summ diff --git a/doc/doc/user/vtyp b/doc/doc/user/vtyp deleted file mode 100755 index a360b04..0000000 --- a/doc/doc/user/vtyp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -gvim typ typ_ordi typ_repo typ_book typ_over typ_illu typ_plai \ - typ_apdf typ_orga diff --git a/doc/expert/README b/doc/expert/README index 9e77abf..e28ae5a 100644 --- a/doc/expert/README +++ b/doc/expert/README @@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ which just warns about a figure that is not able to be placed on the first possible page, and so has to appear on the next page. Jeffrey H. Kingston -21 September 2010 +26 June 2013 diff --git a/doc/expert/all b/doc/expert/all index e4ce1aa..fb33a49 100644 --- a/doc/expert/all +++ b/doc/expert/all @@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ Lout Document Formatting System } @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Edition { Version 3.39 -September, 2010 } - @Publisher { @I { @CopyRight Copyright 1991, 2008, Jeffrey + @Edition { Version 3.41 +June, 2023 } + @Publisher { @I { @CopyRight Copyright 1991, 2023, Jeffrey H. Kingston, School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney 2006, Australia.} } @InitialLanguage { English } diff --git a/doc/expert/outfile.ps b/doc/expert/outfile.ps index 3f533a1..2890d1c 100644 --- a/doc/expert/outfile.ps +++ b/doc/expert/outfile.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.38 (September 2008) -%%CreationDate: Tue Oct 14 07:50:16 2008 +%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.40 (June 2013) +%%CreationDate: Sun Jun 18 15:40:20 2023 %%DocumentData: Binary %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) @@ -253,6 +253,9 @@ % % % PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Tab % % % +% This file has been placed in the public domain % +% by its author, Jeffrey H. Kingston % +% % % To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names % % of all these symbols begin with "ltab". % % % @@ -371,6 +374,9 @@ % PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Fig Jeffrey H. Kingston % % Version 2.0 (includes CIRCUM label) January 1992 % % % +% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % +% Jeffrey H. Kingston % +% % % Although Fig is now obsolete I have updated it 20 October 2002 % % to work with textures, i.e. replacing setrgbcolor with % % LoutSetRGBColor. % @@ -1375,6 +1381,14 @@ end %%BeginResource: procset LoutBasicSetup % @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/bsf.lpg +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% % +% PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @BasicSetup % +% % +% This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % +% Jeffrey H. Kingston % +% % +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % width height linethickness louteuro - % draw a Euro symbol of this width and height with this line thickness @@ -1603,10 +1617,10 @@ grestore 600 fnt2 1355 12125(An)m 2215(Exper)s -24(t')k 30(s)k 4518(Guide)s 6258(to)s 6902(the)s 3956 10685(Lout)m 616 9245(Document)m 3500(F)s 18(or)k -15(matting)k 6490(System)s 240 fnt2 -3544 6059(Jeffre)m 4(y)k 4321(H.)s 4606(Kingston)s 3883 4395(V)m 19(ersion)k -4726(3.38)s 3796 4107(October)m 12(,)k 4746(2008)s 240 fnt4 -0 342(\343)m 240 fnt3 241 340(Cop)m 7(yr)k -3(ight)k -1345(1991,)s 1991(2008,)s 2638(Jeffre)s 4(y)k 3438(H.)s +3544 6059(Jeffre)m 4(y)k 4321(H.)s 4606(Kingston)s 3902 4395(V)m 19(ersion)k +4745(3.41)s 3958 4107(J)m 4(une)k 3(,)k 4582(2023)s +240 fnt4 0 342(\343)m 240 fnt3 241 340(Cop)m 7(yr)k -3(ight)k +1345(1991,)s 1991(2023,)s 2638(Jeffre)s 4(y)k 3438(H.)s 3726(Kingston,)s 4771(School)s 5587(of)s 5882(Inf)s 7(or)k -6(mation)k 7143(T)s 28(echnologies)k 3(,)k 8649(The)s 0 52(Univ)m 6(ersity)k 1134(of)s 1432(Sydne)s 4(y)k 2317(2006,)s 2966(A)s 7(ustr)k 2(alia.)k @@ -1698,11 +1712,11 @@ grestore [ /Rect [8501 9331 8615 9493] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_program /ANN pdfmark 8501(4)s 8615(])s 8722(and)s 0 9043(de)m 6(v)k 3(eloped)k -1042(continuously)s 2342(since)s 2899(then.)s 3484(This)s 3970(manual)s -4738(w)s 2(as)k 5168(rendered)s 6072(into)s 6506(PostScript)s +1041(continuously)s 2341(since)s 2897(then.)s 3482(This)s 3966(manual)s +4734(w)s 2(as)k 5164(rendered)s 6067(into)s 6500(PostScript)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_preface_1 /DEST pdfmark -7558(by)s 7861(V)s 26(ersion)k 8659(3.38)s 0 8755(of)m +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_preface_1 /DEST pdfmark +7551(by)s 7854(V)s 26(ersion)k 8651(3.40)s 0 8755(of)m 271(the)s 619(Basser)s 1316(Lout)s 1828(interpreter)s 9(,)k 2919(using)s 3491(the)s 3839(symbols)s 4688(described)s 5662(in)s 5905(the)s 6253(User')s 13(s)k 6914(Guide)s 7555([)s @@ -1773,7 +1787,7 @@ gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12955(Contents)m -[ /Dest /LOUT20_445_all_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT20_462_all_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Rect [0 11893 8346 12147] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTpreface /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 11982(Pr)m 4(eface)k @@ -1897,14 +1911,14 @@ grestore [ /Rect [8842 6584 9066 6749] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTsorted /ANN pdfmark 8842(33)s -[ /Rect [720 6152 8346 6405] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThorizontal /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [720 6152 8346 6407] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThorizontal /ANN pdfmark 720 6242(2.9.)m 1184(Horizontal)s 2261(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s -[ /Rect [8832 6239 9066 6404] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThorizontal /ANN pdfmark -8832(34)s +[ /Rect [8840 6239 9066 6407] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThorizontal /ANN pdfmark +8840(35)s [ /Rect [720 5807 8346 6061] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUToptimal /ANN pdfmark 720 5897(2.10.)m 1304(Optimal)s 2142(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2776(breaking)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s @@ -2487,23 +2501,23 @@ grestore 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8720 10604 9066 10772] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtex /ANN pdfmark 8720(105)s -[ /Rect [0 9889 8346 10143] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_530_all_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [0 9889 8346 10143] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_547_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 9978(Refer)m 4(ences)k 240 fnt1 1362 9979(..)m 1706(..)s 2050(..)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s -[ /Rect [8711 9976 9066 10141] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_530_all_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [8711 9976 9066 10141] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_547_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 8711(110)s -[ /Rect [0 9263 8346 9515] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_587_all_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [0 9263 8346 9515] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_604_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 9352(Index)m 240 fnt1 1018 9353(..)m 1362(..)s 1706(..)s 2050(..)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s -[ /Rect [8731 9353 9066 9515] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_587_all_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [8731 9353 9066 9515] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_604_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 8731(111)s grestore gsave @@ -2700,13 +2714,13 @@ grestore 3251(little)s 3747(more)s 4298(complicated)s 5528(than)s 6001(rectangles:)s 240 fnt6 7079 382(objects.)m 240 fnt1 7914 380(An)m 8268(object)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_1 /DEST pdfmark 8916(is)s 0 92(a)m 176(rectangle)s 1118(with)s 1611(at)s 1854(least)s 2362(one)s 240 fnt6 2775 94(column)m 3545(mark)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4112 92(protruding)m 5186(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 5819(and)s 6234(belo)s 6(w)k 6878(it,)s 7128(and)s 7543(at)s 7786(least)s 8294(one)s 240 fnt6 8707 94(r)m 10(ow)k @@ -2775,7 +2789,7 @@ gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt6 0 13205(mark)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 557 13203(protruding)m 1621(to)s 1861(the)s 2211(left)s 2589(and)s 2994(right.)s 3611(The)s 4040(simplest)s 4897(objects)s 5627(contain)s @@ -3061,7 +3075,7 @@ grestore end end restore grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 2287(There)m 655(are)s 1044(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 1808(things)s 2486(to)s 2768(note)s 3278(carefully)s 4222(here.)s 4839(White)s 5522(space)s @@ -3160,7 +3174,7 @@ grestore 2815(in)s 3085(braces,)s 3828(it)s 4046(is)s 4282(possible)s 5148(to)s 5414(o)s 3(v)k 3(erride)k 6286(the)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_6 /DEST pdfmark 6660(set)s 7011(precedences.)s 8369(Here)s 8916(is)s 0 12917(another)m 777(e)s 3(xpression)k 1854(for)s 2192(the)s 2540(table)s 3060(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 3733(in)s 3976(which)s @@ -3174,7 +3188,7 @@ grestore 1569(br)s 8(eaking)k 240 fnt1 2476 11260(occurs)m 3160(when)s 3746(an)s 4038(object)s 4692(is)s 4911(too)s 5280(wide)s 5810(to)s 6059(\207t)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_obje_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_7 /DEST pdfmark 6327(into)s 6762(the)s 7119(space)s 7716(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8633(to)s 8882(it;)s 0 10972(by)m 286(breaking)s 1168(its)s 1436(paragraphs)s 2527(into)s @@ -3310,7 +3324,7 @@ grestore 3353(as)s 3588(mar)s 4(gins)k 4389(and)s 4778(footnotes,)s 5759(for)s 6082(e)s 3(xample.)k 240 fnt6 7037 12486(De\207nitions)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 8127 12484(bridge)m 8778(the)s 0 12196(g)m 1(ap)k 397(between)s 1249(Lout')s 13(s)k 1910(general)s 2666(features)s 3470(and)s 3873(the)s 4219(special)s 4935(features)s 5740(\211)s @@ -3320,9 +3334,9 @@ grestore 5566(for)s 5922(producing)s 6963(these)s 7528(special)s 8264(features,)s 0 11620(con)m 9(v)k 3(eniently)k 1278(packaged)s 2240(ready)s 2825(for)s 3163(use.)s 480 11246(F)m 3(or)k 885(e)s 3(xample,)k -1815(consider)s 2701(the)s 3065(challenge)s 4054(posed)s 4687(by)s -4997(`)s 5058(T)s 5154 11198(E)m 5261 11246(X)m 5430(',)s -5632(which)s 6290(is)s 6517(the)s 6881(name)s 7471(of)s +1815(consider)s 2701(the)s 3065(challenge)s 4053(posed)s 4686(by)s +4996(`)s 5057(T)s 5153 11198(E)m 5261 11246(X)m 5430(',)s +5633(which)s 6291(is)s 6517(the)s 6881(name)s 7471(of)s 7758(one)s 8176(of)s 8464(Lout')s 13(s)k 0 10958(most)m 525(illustrious)s 1531(ri)s 6(v)k 6(als)k 2100([)s @@ -3331,9 +3345,9 @@ grestore 3685(it)s 3877(easily)s 4488(enough,)s 5301(lik)s 2(e)k 5713(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 10457(T{ /0.2f)m 6(o E }X)k 240 fnt1 0 9963(b)m 4(ut)k 373(to)s 624(type)s 1103(this)s -1511(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 2099(time)s 2590(T)s -2686 9915(E)m 2793 9963(X)m 3034(is)s 3256(mentioned)s 4335(w)s 2(ould)k -5002(be)s 5296(tedious)s 6049(and)s 6465(error)s 4(-prone.)k +1511(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 2098(time)s 2590(T)s +2686 9915(E)m 2794 9963(X)m 3035(is)s 3256(mentioned)s 4336(w)s 2(ould)k +5002(be)s 5296(tedious)s 6050(and)s 6465(error)s 4(-prone.)k 7724(So)s 8041(we)s 8388(place)s 8960(a)s 0 9675(de\207nition)m 974(at)s 1206(the)s 1554(be)s 3(ginning)k 2562(of)s 2833(the)s 3181(document:)s 220 fnt2 480 9174(def @T)m 26(eX { )k 11(T{ /0.2f)k 6(o E }X })k @@ -3346,7 +3360,7 @@ grestore 250(the)s 598(author)s 1269(did)s 1633(earlier)s 2301(in)s 2544(this)s 2940(paragraph.)s 480 7306(A)m 240 fnt6 706 7308(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1440 7306(is)m 1646(a)s 1808(name,)s 2429(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 2837 7303(@T)m 26(eX)k 240 fnt1 3432 7306(,)m 3535(which)s 4172(stands)s 4817(for)s 5151(something)s 6197(other)s @@ -3360,12 +3374,12 @@ grestore 2629(says)s 3090(what)s 3613(the)s 3959(symbol)s 4717(stands)s 5364(for)s 13(.)k 5791(The)s 240 fnt6 6217 6732(body)m 240 fnt1 6737 6730(of)m 7006(a)s 7170(de\207nition)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_3 /DEST pdfmark 8142(is)s 8350(the)s 8695(part)s 0 6442(follo)m 6(wing)k 977(the)s 1325(name,)s 1950(between)s 2804(the)s 3152(braces.)s 3926(T)s 19(o)k 240 fnt6 4226 6444(in)m 9(vok)k 2(e)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4892 6442(a)m 5058(symbol)s 5818(is)s 6028(to)s 6267(mak)s 2(e)k 6839(use)s 7214(of)s 7485(it.)s 480 6068(Another)m 1324(e)s 3(xpression)k @@ -3390,7 +3404,7 @@ grestore 1963(that)s 220 fnt2 2398 1482(@Super)m 240 fnt1 3283 1485(has)m 3669(tw)s 2(o)k 240 fnt6 4096 1487(par)m 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 5176 1485(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 5300 1482(x)m 240 fnt1 5485 1485(and)m 220 fnt2 5906 1482(y)m 240 fnt1 6014 1485(.)m 6194(When)s 220 fnt2 6840 1482(@Super)m 240 fnt1 7725 1485(is)m @@ -3477,7 +3491,7 @@ grestore 3765(themselv)s 3(es,)k 4934(a)s 5103(peculiarly)s 6115(circular)s 6905(thing)s 7453(to)s 7695(do)s 7991(which)s 8636(goes)s 0 11492(by)m 294(the)s 642(name)s 1216(of)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_6 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 1487 11494(r)m 8(ecur)k 2(sion.)k 240 fnt1 2548 11492(Here)m 3068(is)s 3278(an)s 3561(e)s 3(xample)k 4424(of)s @@ -3553,7 +3567,7 @@ grestore 6918(may)s 7379(be)s 7656(used)s 8148(to)s 8382(specify)s 0 1312(the)m 240 fnt6 348 1314(pa)m 2(g)k 2(e)k 863(layout)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_defi_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_7 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1525 1312(of)m 1796(a)s 1962(document.)s 3070(T)s 19(o)k 3370(be)s 3(gin)k 3956(with,)s 4488(we)s 4823(can)s 5212(de\207ne)s 5853(a)s 6019(page)s @@ -3955,7 +3969,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTcross /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8554(A)m 705(cross)s 1241(reference)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_1 /DEST pdfmark 2178(in)s 2415(common)s 3304(terminology)s 4521(is)s 4725(something)s 5769(lik)s 2(e)k 6176(`see)s 6610(T)s 19(able)k 7185(6')s 7411(or)s 7664(`see)s @@ -3972,14 +3986,14 @@ grestore 2002(page)s 2510(63,)s 2857(and)s 3261(all)s 3554(the)s 3902(cross)s 4444(references)s 5475(must)s 6000(be)s 6282(changed.)s 480 7316(The)m 918(Scribe)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_2 /DEST pdfmark 1595(document)s 2609(formatter)s 9(,)k 3605(de)s 6(v)k 3(eloped)k 4649(by)s 4953(Brian)s 5552(K.)s 5839(Reid)s 6360([)s [ /Rect [6431 7315 6539 7474] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTreid1980scribe /ANN pdfmark 6431(7)s 6539(],)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_3 /DEST pdfmark 6736(introduced)s 7827(a)s 8004(scheme)s 8788(for)s 0 7028(k)m 2(eeping)k 804(track)s 1337(of)s 1603(cross)s 2140(references.)s 3279(It)s 3479(allo)s 6(ws)k 4143(you)s 4553(to)s 4787(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k @@ -4102,18 +4116,18 @@ grestore 3169(reference)s 4109(and)s 4511(ending)s 5213(at)s 5443(the)s 5788(top)s 6145(of)s 6413(the)s 6759(tar)s 4(get)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_4 /DEST pdfmark 7355(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation.)k 8513(Three)s 0 12631(special)m 715(v)s 6(alues)k 1367(may)s 1830(be)s 2108(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2685(to)s 2920(the)s 3264(right)s 3772(parameter)s 4782(of)s 220 fnt2 5050 12628(&&)m 240 fnt1 5338 12631(:)m 220 fnt2 5500 12628(preceding)m 240 fnt1 6451 12631(,)m 220 fnt2 6555 12628(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 7385 12631(,)m 7488(and)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_5 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_6 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_cros_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 7888 12628(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt1 9022 12631(.)m 0 12343(The)m 467(cross)s 1049(reference)s 220 fnt2 2032 12340(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&preceding)k 240 fnt1 @@ -4358,7 +4372,7 @@ grestore 4801(to)s 5032(o)s 3(v)k 3(ercome)k 6017(these)s 6557(obstacles,)s 7532(is)s 7734(the)s 240 fnt6 8074 2610(galle)m 7(y)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 8699 2608(\(the)m 0 2320(name)m 564(is)s 764(borro)s 6(wed)k 1723(from)s 2237(the)s 2575(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3288(used)s 3775(in)s 4008(manual)s 4757(typesetting\).)s 6039(A)s @@ -4452,14 +4466,14 @@ grestore 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 9210(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 9030(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave -3321 13052 translate +3321 13053 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4479,9 +4493,9 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate +0 1 translate 240 fnt1 -68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4530,7 +4544,7 @@ gsave 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4550,8 +4564,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4567,7 +4581,7 @@ grestore 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4587,8 +4601,8 @@ gsave 4335 11036 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4617,7 +4631,7 @@ grestore 780(create)s 1405(a)s 1571(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2243(\207rst)s 2674(de\207ne)s 3315(a)s 3481(symbol)s 4241(with)s 4723(a)s 4889(special)s 220 fnt2 5607 3843(into)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 6013 3846(clause,)m 6717(lik)s 2(e)k 7129(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 3345(def @F)m 6(ootNote into { @F)k 6(ootPlace&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k @@ -4640,7 +4654,7 @@ grestore 3196 749(which)m 3827(is)s 4027(the)s 240 fnt6 4364 751(tar)m 8(g)k 2(et)k 240 fnt1 4979 749(of)m 5239(a)s 5395(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark 6056(must)s 6571(contain)s 7321(the)s 7659(special)s 8366(symbol)s 220 fnt2 0 458(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 898 461(e)m 3(xactly)k 1639(once)s 2147(in)s 2390(its)s 2666(body;)s 3258(often)s @@ -4723,7 +4737,7 @@ grestore 1725(it)s 1915(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es,)k 2750(is)s 2959(called)s 3585(a)s 240 fnt6 3749 11761(r)m 8(eceptive)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4668 11759(symbol,)m 5478(meaning)s 6353(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7274(to)s 7511(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 220 fnt2 8346 11756(@F)m 6(oot-)k 0 11468(Place)m 240 fnt1 630 11471(is)m @@ -4748,7 +4762,7 @@ grestore 5233(e)s 3(xample)k 6089(document.)s 7190(Initially)s 7992(there)s 8518(is)s 8721(just)s 0 9945(the)m 348(one)s 240 fnt6 750 9947(r)m 10(oot)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pri_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1203 9945(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 1875(containing)s 2938(an)s 3221(une)s 3(xpanded)k 4434(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5488(of)s 220 fnt2 5759 9942(@P)m 8(ageList:)k 180 fnt2 @@ -4760,7 +4774,7 @@ gsave 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4780,9 +4794,9 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate +0 1 translate 240 fnt1 -68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4820,7 +4834,7 @@ grestore 1574(musical)s 480 4376(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 4196(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 4016(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave -3434 8038 translate +3434 8039 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate @@ -4828,7 +4842,7 @@ gsave gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 -68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4848,8 +4862,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4878,7 +4892,7 @@ gsave 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -4898,8 +4912,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5015,7 +5029,7 @@ gsave gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 -68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5035,8 +5049,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5077,7 +5091,7 @@ gsave 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5097,8 +5111,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5140,7 +5154,7 @@ gsave gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 -68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5160,8 +5174,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5213,7 +5227,7 @@ gsave 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5233,8 +5247,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -240 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -5343,7 +5357,7 @@ grestore 2184(consists)s 2985(of)s 3249(a)s 3408(sequence)s 4334(of)s 240 fnt6 4598 10659(te)m 4(xtual)k 5297(units)s 240 fnt1 5757 10657(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_1 /DEST pdfmark 5857(which)s 6492(may)s 6951(be)s 7226(either)s 240 fnt6 7822 10659(white)m 8386(spaces)s 240 fnt1 9019 10657(,)m 240 fnt6 0 10371(identi\207er)m 2(s,)k 1047(delimiter)s 2(s,)k @@ -5352,17 +5366,17 @@ grestore 4264(is)s 4474(a)s 4640(sequence)s 5573(of)s 240 fnt6 5844 10371(c)m 3(har)k 3(acter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 6914 10369(chosen)m 7636(from:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_3 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_4 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_5 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_6 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_7 /DEST pdfmark 480 9831(letter)m 220 fnt2 1934 9828(@ab-zAB-Z_)m 240 fnt1 480 9543(white)m 1067(space)s 240 fnt6 1934 9545(space)m 2592(formfeed)s 3568(tab)s 3988(ne)s 3(wline)k 240 fnt1 @@ -5386,11 +5400,11 @@ grestore 698 6614(white)m 1256(space)s 240 fnt1 1841 6612(is)m 2038(a)s 2191(sequence)s 3111(of)s 3369(one)s 3758(or)s 4005(more)s 4539(white)s 5113(space)s 5687(characters.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_8 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_9 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_10 /DEST pdfmark 6805(Lout)s 7304(treats)s 7858(the)s 8193(formfeed)s 0 6324(character)m 931(e)s 3(xactly)k 1668(lik)s 2(e)k 2076(the)s 2420(space)s 3003(character;)s @@ -5400,7 +5414,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 1635 5662(is)m 1844(a)s 2009(sequence)s 2941(of)s 3211(one)s 3612(or)s 3870(more)s 4415(`other')s 5096(characters)s 6113(which)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_11 /DEST pdfmark 6754(is)s 6963(the)s 7310(name)s 7883(of)s 8153(a)s 8317(symbol.)s 0 5374(F)m 3(or)k 417(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 1360 5371({)m 240 fnt1 1512 5374(and)m 220 fnt2 @@ -5428,7 +5442,7 @@ grestore 3192(of)s 3488(one)s 3915(or)s 4199(more)s 4772(letters)s 5430(which)s 6097(is)s 6332(the)s 6705(name)s 7304(of)s 7600(a)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_12 /DEST pdfmark 7791(symbol.)s 8685(It)s 8916(is)s 0 1035(con)m 9(v)k 3(entional)k 1308(b)s 4(ut)k 1700(not)s 2096(essential)s 3003(to)s 3272(be)s 3(gin)k 3888(identi\207ers)s 4924(with)s 220 fnt2 @@ -5551,15 +5565,15 @@ grestore 3786 1878(@Moment)m 240 fnt1 4798 1881(.)m 5011(The)s 5487(symbols)s 220 fnt2 6385 1878(@LClos)m 240 fnt1 7161 1881(,)m 220 fnt2 7316 1878(@LEn)m 4(v)k 240 fnt1 8034 1881(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_13 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_14 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_14 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_15 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_15 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_16 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_16 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_17 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_17 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 8190 1878(@LInput)m 240 fnt1 9019 1881(,)m 220 fnt2 0 1590(@L)m 24(Vis)k 240 fnt1 722 1593(and)m 220 fnt2 1170 1590(@LUse)m 240 fnt1 @@ -5573,11 +5587,11 @@ grestore 1036(a)s 240 fnt6 1213 645(liter)m 3(al)k 1864(wor)s 8(d)k 240 fnt1 2355 643(,)m 2473(which)s 3126(means)s 3799(that)s 4227(it)s 4430(will)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_18 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_18 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_19 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_19 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_20 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_20 /DEST pdfmark 4867(pass)s 5341(through)s 6154(Lout)s 6677(unchanged.)s 7890(An)s 8251(arbitrary)s 0 355(sequence)m 926(of)s 1190(characters)s 2201(enclosed)s 3089(in)s 3325(double)s 4026(quotes,)s @@ -5662,7 +5676,7 @@ grestore 698(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 1612 11259("\\"@PP\\"")m 240 fnt1 2606 11262(produces)m 220 fnt2 3521 11259("@PP")m 240 fnt1 4177 11262(.)m 480 10888(When)m 1106(the)s 1451(comment)s 2398(character)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_21 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_21 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 3328 10885(#)m 240 fnt1 3502 10888(is)m 3709(encountered,)s 4982(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 6045(from)s 6566(that)s 6981(point)s 7530(to)s 7765(the)s @@ -5673,7 +5687,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 0 9316(for)m 338(temporarily)s 1506(deleting)s 2329(parts)s 2844(of)s 3115(the)s 3463(document,)s 4514(and)s 4918(so)s 5184(on.)s 240 fnt6 480 8944(Macr)m 10(os)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_22 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_22 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1268 8942(pro)m 3(vide)k 2064(a)s 2242(means)s 2916(of)s 3199(de\207ning)s 4049(symbols)s 4910(which)s 5564(stand)s 6139(for)s @@ -5730,9 +5744,9 @@ grestore 6496(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6989(an)s 3(y)k 7377(number)s 8159(of)s 240 fnt6 8421 3052(named)m 0 2764(par)m 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 1080 2762(:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_name_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_name_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 2265(def @Chapter)m 480 1977( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 1689( named @Title {})m 480 1401( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 1113({)m 480 825( ...)m 480 537(})m @@ -5805,7 +5819,7 @@ grestore 5958(parameters,)s 7113(and)s 7517(each)s 8013(is)s 8224(follo)s 6(wed)k 0 12917(by)m 293(a)s 240 fnt6 457 12919(default)m 1183(value)s 240 fnt1 1753 12917(between)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_name_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_3 /DEST pdfmark 2605(braces.)s 3377(When)s 220 fnt2 4004 12914(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 5066 12917(is)m 5274(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 6136(its)s 6411(named)s 7105(parameters)s 8201(are)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k @@ -5836,7 +5850,7 @@ grestore 8405(def)s 2(ault)k 0 8380(v)m 6(alue)k 568(as)s 818(just)s 1223(described.)s 480 8006(A)m 719(named)s 220 fnt2 1424 8003(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 2057 8006(parameter)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_name_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_4 /DEST pdfmark 3080(does)s 3580(not)s 3955(tak)s 2(e)k 4417(its)s 4702(def)s 2(ault)k 5433(v)s 6(alue)k 6010(from)s 6544(the)s 6901(de\207nition;)s @@ -5962,7 +5976,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTvisibility /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 10404(A)m 710(de\207nition)s 1684(may)s 2150(contain)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_1 /DEST pdfmark 2911(other)s 3462(de\207nitions)s 4523(at)s 4755(the)s 5103(be)s 3(ginning)k 6111(of)s 6382(its)s 6658(body:)s 220 fnt2 480 9903(def @NineSquare)m 480 9615( r)m -3(ight x)k @@ -6072,9 +6086,9 @@ grestore 8270(simplest)s 0 1333(of)m 267(these)s 810(features)s 1611(is)s 1817(the)s 240 fnt6 2161 1335(body)m 2678(par)s 3(ameter)k 240 fnt1 3677 1333(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_3 /DEST pdfmark 3780(an)s 4059(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5108(form)s 5628(of)s 5895(right)s 6401(parameter)s 13(.)k 7502(The)s 7926(Eq)s 8245(equation)s 0 1045(formatting)m 1053(package)s @@ -6164,7 +6178,7 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 274 9258(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 815 9261(in)m 1061(an)s 220 fnt2 1347 9258(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2018 9261(clause,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_4 /DEST pdfmark 2725(preceding)s 3724(the)s 4075(de\207nition)s 5052(as)s 5305(sho)s 6(wn.)k 6092(Only)s 6628(e)s 3(xported)k 7523(symbols)s 8375(may)s 8844(be)s 0 8973(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k @@ -6176,73 +6190,73 @@ grestore 2088(visible)s 2781(within)s 3449(it:)s 220 fnt2 480 8184(@Eq { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} o)m 3(v)k 5(er 2 })k 240 fnt1 0 7686(calls)m 488(on)s 785(the)s 1133(nested)s 1802(de\207nitions)s 2863(of)s 220 fnt2 3134 7683(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 -3672 7686(to)m 3911(produce)s 4738(the)s 5086(result)s 167 fnt4 -586 7233(2)m 240 fnt6 480 7173(x)m 240 fnt4 737 7165(+)m -167 fnt4 1040 7233(2)m 240 fnt6 938 7173(y)m 639 0 0 0 240 288 12 480 7075 LoutGr2 +3672 7686(to)m 3911(produce)s 4738(the)s 5086(result)s 168 fnt4 +586 7231(2)m 240 fnt6 480 7171(x)m 240 fnt4 738 7163(+)m +168 fnt4 1041 7231(2)m 240 fnt6 939 7171(y)m 641 0 0 0 240 288 12 480 7073 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.05 ft setlinewidth stroke grestore grestore 240 fnt4 -742 6847(2)m 240 fnt1 0 6336(The)m 416(body)s 937(parameter')s 13(s)k +743 6845(2)m 240 fnt1 0 6334(The)m 416(body)s 937(parameter')s 13(s)k 2089(v)s 6(alue)k 2644(must)s 3156(be)s 3426(enclosed)s 4308(in)s 4539(braces.)s 5300(The)s 5715(term)s 6200(`body)s -6800(parameter')s 7854(is)s 8051(a)s 8204(reminder)s 0 6048(that)m +6800(parameter')s 7854(is)s 8051(a)s 8204(reminder)s 0 6046(that)m 418(the)s 766(v)s 6(alue)k 1334(is)s 1544(interpreted)s 2636(as)s 2886(if)s 3103(it)s 3295(w)s 2(as)k 3716(within)s 4384(the)s 4732(body)s 5266(of)s 5537(the)s -5885(symbol.)s 480 5674(A)m 710(body)s 1244(parameter)s 2257(may)s +5885(symbol.)s 480 5672(A)m 710(body)s 1244(parameter)s 2257(may)s 2723(not)s 3089(be)s 3370(e)s 3(xported,)k 4311(and)s 4714(in)s 4957(f)s 2(act)k 5372(a)s 5537(body)s 6071(parameter)s 7085(may)s 7550(be)s 7832(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k -8646(only)s 0 5386(within)m 656(the)s 991(body)s 1512(of)s +8646(only)s 0 5384(within)m 656(the)s 991(body)s 1512(of)s 1770(the)s 2105(enclosing)s 3063(symbol,)s 3862(not)s 4215(within)s 4870(an)s 3(y)k 5254(nested)s 5911(de\207nitions.)s 7072(F)s 3(or)k -7448(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 8349 5383(x)m 240 fnt1 -8504 5386(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e)k 0 5098(may)m 471(not)s +7448(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 8349 5381(x)m 240 fnt1 +8504 5384(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e)k 0 5096(may)m 471(not)s 843(be)s 1131(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k -1952(within)s 220 fnt2 2626 5095(sup)m 240 fnt1 2972 5098(.)m +1952(within)s 220 fnt2 2626 5093(sup)m 240 fnt1 2972 5096(.)m 3141(This)s 3623(restriction)s 4653(is)s 4869(needed)s 5611(to)s 5855(a)s 4(v)k 4(oid)k 6443(the)s 6797(possibility)s -7853(of)s 8130(recursion,)s 0 4810(when)m 585(the)s 943(actual)s +7853(of)s 8130(recursion,)s 0 4808(when)m 585(the)s 943(actual)s 1577(body)s 2121(parameter)s 3145(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 3935(an)s 4228(e)s 3(xported)k 5129(nested)s 5808(de\207nition)s 6792(which)s 7443(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k -8234(the)s 8592(body)s 0 4522(parameter)m 9(,)k 1052(etc.)s -480 4148(The)m 932(second)s 1679(place)s 2263(where)s 2928(e)s 3(xported)k +8234(the)s 8592(body)s 0 4520(parameter)m 9(,)k 1052(etc.)s +480 4146(The)m 932(second)s 1679(place)s 2263(where)s 2928(e)s 3(xported)k 3844(symbols)s 4717(may)s 5207(be)s 5514(used)s 6035(is)s 6269(in)s 6536(the)s 6909(right)s 7444(parameter)s 8482(of)s -8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 3857(@Open)m 240 fnt1 806 3860(symbol,)m +8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 3855(@Open)m 240 fnt1 806 3858(symbol,)m 1618(and)s 2022(follo)s 6(wing)k 2999(its)s 3275(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -4329(form,)s 220 fnt2 4900 3857(@Use)m 240 fnt1 5565 3860(\(Section)m -6418(3.40\).)s 480 3486(Exported)m 1480(nested)s 2214(symbols)s 3128(and)s +4329(form,)s 220 fnt2 4900 3855(@Use)m 240 fnt1 5565 3858(\(Section)m +6418(3.40\).)s 480 3484(Exported)m 1480(nested)s 2214(symbols)s 3128(and)s 3598(parameters)s 4761(may)s 5292(be)s 5639(made)s 6279(visible)s -7037(within)s 7770(a)s 8002(subsequent)s 0 3198(de\207nition)m 974(or)s +7037(within)s 7770(a)s 8002(subsequent)s 0 3196(de\207nition)m 974(or)s 1233(macro)s 1883(by)s 2177(preceding)s 3173(it)s 3365(with)s -3847(an)s 220 fnt2 4130 3195(impor)m -8(t)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_visi_5 /DEST pdfmark +3847(an)s 220 fnt2 4130 3193(impor)m -8(t)k +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 -4803 3198(clause,)m 5507(lik)s 2(e)k 5919(this:)s 220 fnt2 -480 2697(impor)m -8(t @Eq)k 480 2409(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k -240 fnt1 0 1910(Note)m 548(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k -1444(that)s 220 fnt2 1889 1907(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 -2617 1910(can)m 3033(only)s 3540(be)s 3849(used)s 4374(with)s +4803 3196(clause,)m 5507(lik)s 2(e)k 5919(this:)s 220 fnt2 +480 2695(impor)m -8(t @Eq)k 480 2407(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k +240 fnt1 0 1908(Note)m 548(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k +1444(that)s 220 fnt2 1889 1905(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 +2617 1908(can)m 3033(only)s 3540(be)s 3849(used)s 4374(with)s 4883(some)s 5471(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6552(of)s -220 fnt2 6850 1907(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 7328 1910(:)m 7521(within)s -8216(the)s 8592(body)s 0 1622(parameter)m 1036(of)s 1329(an)s +220 fnt2 6850 1905(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 7328 1908(:)m 7521(within)s +8216(the)s 8592(body)s 0 1620(parameter)m 1036(of)s 1329(an)s 1635(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2711(of)s 220 fnt2 -3005 1619(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 3483 1622(,)m 3612(within)s 4303(the)s +3005 1617(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 3483 1620(,)m 3612(within)s 4303(the)s 4673(right)s 5207(parameter)s 6243(of)s 6537(an)s 220 fnt2 -6842 1619(@Eq&&tag @Open)m 240 fnt1 8737 1622(,)m 8867(or)s 0 1334(follo)m 6(wing)k -977(a)s 220 fnt2 1143 1331(@Use { @Eq ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 -2798 1334(.)m 2962(There)s 3575(may)s 4041(be)s 4323(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k -5045(symbols)s 5894(in)s 6137(the)s 220 fnt2 6485 1331(impor)m -8(t)k -240 fnt1 7158 1334(clause.)m 480 960(In)m 760(a)s 951(similar)s -1698(w)s 2(ay)k 2174(to)s 220 fnt2 2438 957(impor)m -8(t)k -240 fnt1 3051 960(,)m 3183(a)s 3374(de\207nition)s 4373(may)s -4864(be)s 5171(preceded)s 6117(by)s 220 fnt2 6436 957(e)m 6(xtend)k -240 fnt1 7162 960(follo)m 6(wed)k 8089(by)s 8408(a)s -8599(sym-)s 0 672(bol)m 361(name:)s +6842 1617(@Eq&&tag @Open)m 240 fnt1 8737 1620(,)m 8867(or)s 0 1332(follo)m 6(wing)k +977(a)s 220 fnt2 1143 1329(@Use { @Eq ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 +2798 1332(.)m 2962(There)s 3575(may)s 4041(be)s 4323(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k +5045(symbols)s 5894(in)s 6137(the)s 220 fnt2 6485 1329(impor)m -8(t)k +240 fnt1 7158 1332(clause.)m 480 958(In)m 760(a)s 951(similar)s +1698(w)s 2(ay)k 2174(to)s 220 fnt2 2438 955(impor)m -8(t)k +240 fnt1 3051 958(,)m 3183(a)s 3374(de\207nition)s 4373(may)s +4864(be)s 5171(preceded)s 6117(by)s 220 fnt2 6436 955(e)m 6(xtend)k +240 fnt1 7162 958(follo)m 6(wed)k 8089(by)s 8408(a)s +8599(sym-)s 0 670(bol)m 361(name:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -6790,7 +6804,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 11647(Ev)m 3(ery)k 1131(symbol)s 1920(in)s 2192(Lout)s 2733(has)s 3132(a)s 240 fnt6 3327 11649(pr)m 8(ecedence)k 240 fnt1 4401 11647(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_prec_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_prec_1 /DEST pdfmark 4538(which)s 5209(is)s 5448(a)s 5643(positi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6476(whole)s 7146(number)s 13(.)k 8057(When)s 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 11359(symbols)m 849(compete)s @@ -6812,7 +6826,7 @@ grestore 7887(second)s 8651(rule.)s 0 9453(Each)m 545(symbol)s 1316(is)s 1537(either)s 240 fnt6 2151 9455(left-associative)m 240 fnt1 3659 9453(or)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_prec_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_prec_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 3929 9455(right-associative)m 240 fnt1 5528 9453(.)m 5703(The)s 6142(v)s 6(alue)k 6720(of)s 220 fnt2 7002 9450(a)m 7180(op1)s 7564(b)s 7739(op2)s 8156(c)s 240 fnt1 @@ -6986,14 +7000,14 @@ grestore 0 7039(attrib)m 4(utes)k 935(determine)s 1946(the)s 2294(object')s 13(s)k 3088(\207nal)s 3568(appearance)s 4699(in)s 4942(the)s 5290(output.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 6665(The)m 908(style)s 1415(of)s 1686(an)s 1969(object)s 2613(comprises)s 3633(the)s 3981(follo)s 6(wing:)k 0 6162(\213)m 480(Which)s 1175(font)s 1620(f)s 2(amily)k 15(,)k 2333(f)s 2(ace)k 2784(and)s 3188(size)s 3615(to)s 3854(use)s 4229(\(also)s 4746(de\207ning)s 5584(the)s 220 fnt2 5932 6159(f)m 240 fnt1 6050 6162(unit\);)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark 0 5659(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1391(small)s 1991(capitals)s 2799(are)s 3175(in)s 3446(ef)s 6(fect)k 4070(or)s 4358(not,)s 4799(and)s 5231(also)s 5698(what)s @@ -7001,13 +7015,13 @@ grestore 8740(full)s 480 5371(capitals)m 1260(the)s 1608(small)s 2180(capitals)s 2960(are)s 3307(to)s 3546(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e;)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 4868(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(g)s 1(ap)k 1456(to)s 1695(replace)s 2440(a)s 2606(single)s 3233(space)s 3820(between)s 4674(tw)s 2(o)k 5084(objects)s 5812(by)s 6106(\(also)s 6623(de\207ning)s 7461(the)s 220 fnt2 7809 4865(s)m 240 fnt1 7972 4868(unit\);)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 4365(\213)m 480(The)s 900(interpretation)s 2235(to)s 2465(place)s 3017(on)s 3306(white)s 3884(space)s 4463(separating)s 5490(tw)s 2(o)k 5891(objects)s 6611(\()s 220 fnt2 @@ -7017,42 +7031,42 @@ grestore 855 4077(,)m 962(or)s 220 fnt2 1221 4074(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 1566 4077(as)m 1816(in)s 2059(Section)s 2833(3.5\);)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 3583(\213)m 480(The)s 908(current)s 1644(v)s 6(alue)k 2212(of)s 2483(the)s 220 fnt2 2831 3580(y)m 240 fnt1 2999 3583(and)m 220 fnt2 3403 3580(z)m 240 fnt1 3567 3583(units)m 4083(of)s 4354(measurement)s 5688(\(Section)s 6541(3.6\);)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 3082(\213)m 480(The)s 908(kind)s 1392(of)s 1663(paragraph)s 2676(breaking)s 3566(to)s 3805(emplo)s 2(y)k 4575(\()s 220 fnt2 4648 3079(adjust)m 240 fnt1 5229 3082(,)m 220 fnt2 5336 3079(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 6005 3082(,)m 6112(etc.\))s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_6 /DEST pdfmark 0 2579(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(g)s 1(ap)k 1456(to)s 1695(insert)s 2285(between)s 3139(the)s 3487(lines)s 3989(of)s 4260(paragraphs)s 5360(\(also)s 5877(de\207ning)s 6715(the)s 220 fnt2 7063 2576(v)m 240 fnt1 7232 2579(unit\);)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_7 /DEST pdfmark 0 2076(\213)m 480(The)s 908(size)s 1335(of)s 1606(the)s 1954(outdent)s 2732(to)s 2971(use)s 3346(in)s 3589(the)s 220 fnt2 3937 2073(outdent)m 240 fnt1 4725 2076(paragraph)m 5738(breaking)s 6628(style;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 1573(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1462(the)s 220 fnt2 1909 1570(unbreakab)m 4(le\207rst)k 240 fnt1 3621 1573(and)m 220 fnt2 4124 1570(unbreakab)m 4(lelast)k 240 fnt1 5823 1573(paragraph)m 6935(breaking)s 7924(options)s 8779(are)s 480 1285(in)m 723(ef)s 6(fect;)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_9 /DEST pdfmark 0 801(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1366(the)s 1717(ro)s 6(w)k 2141(marks)s 2779(of)s 3053(w)s 2(ords)k 3691(are)s 4041(to)s 4284(pass)s 4750(along)s 5338(the)s 5690(baseline)s 6532(or)s 6795(half)s 7241(the)s 7592(height)s 8254(of)s 8528(an)s 8815(`x')s 480 513(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e)k 1102(the)s 1450(baseline;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_10 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -7120,28 +7134,28 @@ gsave grestore 0 13205(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1363(to)s 1602(permit)s 2285(h)s 1(yphenation)k 3525(or)s 3784(not;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_11 /DEST pdfmark 0 12702(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(colour)s 1729(the)s 2077(object)s 2721(is)s 2931(to)s 3170(appear)s 3867(in;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_12 /DEST pdfmark 0 12199(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(colour)s 1729(underlines)s 2776(within)s 3444(the)s 3792(object)s 4436(are)s 4783(to)s 5022(appear)s 5719(in;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_13 /DEST pdfmark 0 11696(\213)m 480(Whether)s 220 fnt2 1363 11693(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 2332 11696(is)m 2542(in)s 2785(ef)s 6(fect;)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_14 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_14 /DEST pdfmark 0 11212(\213)m 480(The)s 908(language)s 1828(of)s 2099(the)s 2447(object;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_15 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_15 /DEST pdfmark 0 10709(\213)m 480(Whether)s 220 fnt2 1363 10706(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 2320 10709(,)m 220 fnt2 2427 10706(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt1 3473 10709(and)m 220 fnt2 3877 10706(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 4885 10709(are)m 5232(in)s 5475(ef)s 6(fect.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_det_size_16 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_16 /DEST pdfmark 0 10209(The)m 423(style)s 925(of)s 1191(an)s 1468(object)s 2107(depends)s 2938(on)s 3229(where)s 3864(it)s 4051(appears)s 4827(in)s 5064(the)s @@ -7195,11 +7209,11 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 4743 6952(s)m 240 fnt1 4906 6955(unit)m 5338(is)s 5548(also)s 5986(set)s 6311(by)s 220 fnt2 6605 6952(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 7317 6955(\(Section)m 8170(3.5\).)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark 536 6581(The)m 959(remainder)s 1983(of)s 2249(this)s 2641(section)s 3370(e)s 3(xplains)k 4210(ho)s 6(w)k 4667(the)s 5010(size)s 5433(of)s @@ -7404,7 +7418,7 @@ grestore 348(root)s 793(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 1522(Each)s 2057(is)s 2267(considered)s 3361(to)s 3600(be)s 3882(enclosed)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark 4777(in)s 220 fnt2 5020 2382(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 6284 2385(and)m 220 fnt2 6688 2382(@VContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 7940 2385(symbols.)m 480 2011(Up)m 836(to)s 1086(this)s @@ -7508,9 +7522,9 @@ grestore 2197(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2923(and)s 3328(their)s 3827(tar)s 4(gets,)k 4568(as)s 4820(described)s 5796(in)s 6040(Section)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark 6816(1.4,)s 7225(can)s 7616(be)s 7900(summarized)s 0 10451(in)m 243(three)s 776(la)s 3(ws:)k 240 fnt6 0 9999(F)m 10(ir)k 2(st)k 540(Law)s 240 fnt1 @@ -7553,7 +7567,7 @@ grestore 3161(lying)s 3705(between)s 4558(tw)s 2(o)k 4966(neighbouring)s 6295(potential)s 7185(split)s 7655(points)s 8290(is)s 8498(called)s 0 5806(a)m 240 fnt6 166 5808(component)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1281 5806(of)m 1552(the)s 1900(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 2629(By)s 2963(de\207nition,)s 3987(a)s 4153(component)s 5277(cannot)s @@ -7675,46 +7689,46 @@ grestore 5515(follo)s 6(wing)k 6534(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 7122(When)s 7793(a)s 8002(component)s 0 5596(consists)m 808(of)s 1080(a)s 1247(horizontal)s 2271(sequence)s 3205(of)s 3477(tw)s 2(o)k -3888(or)s 4147(more)s 4695(objects)s 240 fnt6 5424 5598(A)m -167 fnt4 5559 5506(1)m 240 fnt4 5637 5590(,)m 5746(\274)s -6046(,)s 240 fnt6 6155 5598(A)m 167 fnt6 6290 5511(n)m -240 fnt1 6430 5596(separated)m 7391(by)s 220 fnt2 7686 5593(|)m -240 fnt1 7783 5596(\(not)m 220 fnt2 8229 5593(||)m 240 fnt1 +3887(or)s 4147(more)s 4695(objects)s 240 fnt6 5423 5598(A)m +168 fnt4 5558 5505(1)m 240 fnt4 5637 5590(,)m 5746(\274)s +6046(,)s 240 fnt6 6155 5598(A)m 168 fnt6 6290 5511(n)m +240 fnt1 6431 5596(separated)m 7391(by)s 220 fnt2 7686 5593(|)m +240 fnt1 7784 5596(\(not)m 220 fnt2 8229 5593(||)m 240 fnt1 8323 5596(,)m 8431(not)s 220 fnt2 8798 5593(&)m 240 fnt1 8940 5596(\),)m 0 5308(Lout)m 506(will)s 926(in)s 9(v)k 3(estig)k 1(ate)k 1998(the)s 2339(component)s 3457(to)s 3690(see)s 4044(whether)s 4868(it)s 5054(can)s 5436(be)s 5712(brok)s 2(en)k 6426(up.)s 6823(It)s 7022(looks)s 7586(at)s 7811(each)s -240 fnt6 8300 5310(A)m 167 fnt6 8435 5223(i)m 240 fnt1 -8533 5308(to)m 8765(see)s 0 5020(whether)m 831(it)s 1024(is)s -1235(a)s 1402(v)s 3(ertical)k 2170(concatenation)s 3556(of)s -3828(objects)s 240 fnt6 4557 5022(A)m 167 fnt6 4692 4935(i)m -167 fnt4 4744 4930(1)m 240 fnt4 4822 5014(,)m 4932(\274)s -5233(,)s 240 fnt6 5343 5022(A)m 167 fnt6 5478 4935(im)m +240 fnt6 8300 5310(A)m 168 fnt6 8435 5223(i)m 240 fnt1 +8533 5308(to)m 8765(see)s 0 5020(whether)m 830(it)s 1023(is)s +1234(a)s 1401(v)s 3(ertical)k 2169(concatenation)s 3555(of)s +3827(objects)s 240 fnt6 4556 5022(A)m 168 fnt6 4691 4935(i)m +168 fnt4 4743 4929(1)m 240 fnt4 4822 5014(,)m 4932(\274)s +5232(,)s 240 fnt6 5342 5022(A)m 168 fnt6 5477 4935(im)m 240 fnt1 5641 5020(;)m 5754(if)s 5972(tw)s 2(o)k 6383(or)s 6643(more)s 7191(of)s 7463(the)s 240 fnt6 -7812 5022(A)m 167 fnt6 7947 4935(i)m 240 fnt1 8052 5020(satisfy)m +7812 5022(A)m 168 fnt6 7947 4935(i)m 240 fnt1 8052 5020(satisfy)m 8730(this)s 0 4732(condition,)m 1009(the)s 1354(component)s 2475(will)s 2898(not)s 3262(be)s 3541(brok)s 2(en)k 4258(up.)s 4659(So)s 4962(no)s 6(w)k 5421(suppose)s 6246(we)s 6578(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7076(just)s 7479(one)s -240 fnt6 7878 4734(A)m 167 fnt6 8013 4647(i)m 240 fnt1 +240 fnt6 7878 4734(A)m 168 fnt6 8013 4647(i)m 240 fnt1 8114 4732(which)m 8753(is)s 8960(a)s 0 4444(v)m 3(ertical)k 757(concatenation.)s 2239(Lout)s 2741(will)s 3156(break)s 3738(the)s -4076(component)s 5190(into)s 5604(one)s 5996(component)s 7110(for)s -7438(each)s 7922(of)s 8183(the)s 240 fnt6 8521 4446(A)m -167 fnt6 8656 4359(i)m 167 fnt4 8708 4354(1)m 240 fnt4 +4076(component)s 5189(into)s 5604(one)s 5996(component)s 7109(for)s +7437(each)s 7922(of)s 8182(the)s 240 fnt6 8520 4446(A)m +168 fnt6 8655 4359(i)m 168 fnt4 8707 4353(1)m 240 fnt4 8775 4438(,)m 8851(\274)s 3 4150(,)m 240 fnt6 80 4158(A)m -167 fnt6 215 4071(im)m 240 fnt1 378 4156(,)m 476(pro)s 3(vided)k -1372(that)s 1780(the)s 3(y)k 2233(are)s 2571(separated)s -3521(by)s 220 fnt2 3805 4153(//)m 240 fnt1 3980 4156(symbols)m +168 fnt6 215 4071(im)m 240 fnt1 379 4156(,)m 476(pro)s 3(vided)k +1373(that)s 1781(the)s 3(y)k 2234(are)s 2571(separated)s +3521(by)s 220 fnt2 3806 4153(//)m 240 fnt1 3981 4156(symbols)m 4820(\(not)s 220 fnt2 5255 4153(/)m 240 fnt1 5319 4156(\),)m -5495(and)s 5889(pro)s 3(vided)k 6786(this)s 7172(can)s +5495(and)s 5890(pro)s 3(vided)k 6786(this)s 7172(can)s 7551(be)s 7823(done)s 8335(without)s 0 3868(introducing)m 1155(an)s 3(y)k 1550(apparent)s 2431(change)s 3164(into)s 3587(the)s 3933(appearance)s 5062(of)s 5332(the)s 5678(component)s 6800(\(this)s 7274(second)s 7995(rule)s 8420(will)s 8844(be)s 0 3580(satis\207ed)m 847(if)s -1071(the)s 1426(other)s 240 fnt6 1984 3582(A)m 167 fnt6 +1071(the)s 1426(other)s 240 fnt6 1984 3582(A)m 168 fnt6 2119 3495(j)m 240 fnt1 2232 3580(are)m 2586(not)s 2959(v)s 3(ery)k 3442(lar)s 4(ge\).)k 4165(The)s 4600(e)s 3(xample)k 5470(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 6099(satis\207es)s 6913(all)s @@ -7816,7 +7830,7 @@ grestore 480 10208(This)m 985(distinction)s 2080(has)s 2480(a)s 2675(mark)s 2(ed)k 3477(ef)s 6(fect)k 4103(on)s 4429(the)s 4806(v)s 3(ertical)k 5603(concatenation)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark 7017(symbol)s 220 fnt2 7806 10205(//1.1b)m 240 fnt1 8347 10208(,)m 8484(which)s 0 9920(calls)m 509(for)s 868(more)s 1436(space)s 2045(than)s 2535(is)s 2766(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k @@ -7867,7 +7881,7 @@ grestore 882(v)s 3(ery)k 1351(doubtful.)s 2319(F)s 3(or)k 2702(e)s 3(xample,)k 3609(what)s 4127(if)s 4338(the)s 4679(tar)s 4(gets)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark 5355(are)s 5696(in)s 5932(dif)s 6(ferent)k 6800(columns)s 7656(of)s 7920(one)s 8315(page,)s 8867(or)s 0 5955(what)m 525(if)s 742(one)s 1144(lies)s 1526(within)s @@ -8023,7 +8037,7 @@ grestore 5153(equal)s 5726(width.)s 480 12255(The)m 905(root)s 1347(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2016(where)s 2653(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 3717(collects)s 4494(immediately)s 5739(prior)s 6260(to)s 6496(output,)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_6 /DEST pdfmark 7212(is)s 7419(created)s 8162(automati-)s 0 11967(cally)m 15(,)k 555(not)s 920(by)s 1213(a)s 1378(de\207nition.)s 2457(Its)s 2745(tar)s 4(get)k @@ -8060,7 +8074,7 @@ grestore 2112(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2751(on)s 3054(the)s 3407(output)s 4085(\207le)s 4451(is)s 4666(some)s 6(what)k 5696(problematical,)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_7 /DEST pdfmark 7121(because)s 7940(Lout)s 8457(has)s 8833(no)s 0 5283(w)m 2(ay)k 461(of)s 742(kno)s 6(wing)k 1638(ho)s 6(w)k 2109(lar)s 4(ge)k 2648(the)s @@ -8078,9 +8092,9 @@ grestore 1744(will)s 2198(promote)s 3079(a)s 3273(component)s 4425(only)s 4933(after)s 5457(an)s 3(y)k 5882(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6832(symbols)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_8 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_9 /DEST pdfmark 7709(within)s 8405(it)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 3757(been)m 509(replaced,)s 1426(either)s 2029(by)s 2324(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3048(or)s 3308(by)s 220 fnt2 3602 3754(@Null)m 240 fnt1 @@ -8114,7 +8128,7 @@ grestore 5819(the)s 6156(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6778(concept,)s 7618(called)s 8235(a)s 240 fnt6 8389 1571(for)m 8(cing)k 0 1283(galle)m 7(y)k 240 fnt1 573 1281(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_10 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUTforcing /DEST pdfmark 680(is)s @@ -8261,7 +8275,7 @@ grestore 2586(the)s 2928(symbol)s 3682(that)s 4094(is)s 4297(to)s 4530(be)s 4806(a)s 4966(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5594(a)s 5753(parameter)s 6761(or)s 7014(nested)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_11 /DEST pdfmark 7677(de\207nition)s 8644(with)s 0 7475(the)m 348(special)s 1066(name)s 220 fnt2 1640 7472(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 2467 7475(:)m 220 fnt2 @@ -8407,7 +8421,7 @@ grestore 2043(a)s 2214(symbol)s 2978(whose)s 3651(name)s 4229(is)s 220 fnt2 4444 9029(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 5503 9032(has)m 5878(a)s 6048(special)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_gall_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_12 /DEST pdfmark 6771(meaning:)s 7765(when)s 8346(compo-)s 0 8744(nents)m 556(of)s 827(the)s 1175(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1810(replace)s 2555(a)s 220 fnt2 2721 8741(@Galle)m 4(y)k @@ -8578,13 +8592,13 @@ grestore 674(order)s 13(.)k 1324(T)s 19(o)k 1618(mak)s 2(e)k 2185(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2903(appear)s 3595(in)s 3832(sorted)s 4469(order)s 9(,)k 5065(as)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_sort_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_1 /DEST pdfmark 5310(is)s 5514(needed)s 6245(in)s 6482(bibliographies)s 7896(and)s 8294(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es,)k 0 5958(a)m 178(parameter)s 1205(or)s 1477(nested)s 2158(de\207nition)s 3145(with)s 3640(the)s 4000(special)s 4731(name)s 220 fnt2 5318 5955(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_sort_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 5977 5958(is)m 6200(added)s 6843(to)s 7094(the)s 7455(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8102(de\207nition,)s 0 5670(lik)m 2(e)k 412(this:)s 220 fnt2 @@ -8727,7 +8741,7 @@ grestore 5406 5896(must)m 5922(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6414(just)s 6809(tw)s 2(o)k 7210(parameters,)s 8355(left)s 8722(and)s 0 5608(right\),)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_sort_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_3 /DEST pdfmark 643(and)s 1054(if)s 1277(that)s 1702(sorted)s 2350(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2991(is)s 3207(preceded)s 4135(in)s 4384(the)s 4739(list)s 5096(of)s 5374(sorted)s @@ -8767,11 +8781,11 @@ grestore 5480(this)s 5861(has)s 6217(the)s 6550(same)s 7083(ef)s 6(fect.)k 7768(The)s 8182(total)s 8646(time)s 0 3218(it)m 192(tak)s 2(es)k 733(to)s 972(mer)s 4(ge)k 240 fnt6 1622 3220(n)m -240 fnt1 1797 3218(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2521(with)s -3004(equal)s 3578(k)s 2(e)k 3(ys)k 4063(is)s -240 fnt6 4274 3220(O)m 240 fnt4 4454 3212(\()m 167 fnt4 -4653 3312(2)m 240 fnt6 4539 3220(n)m 240 fnt4 4745 3212(\))m -240 fnt1 4871 3218(or)m 5131(some)s 6(what)k 6156(higher)s +240 fnt1 1796 3218(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2521(with)s +3004(equal)s 3577(k)s 2(e)k 3(ys)k 4063(is)s +240 fnt6 4273 3220(O)m 240 fnt4 4454 3212(\()m 168 fnt4 +4652 3311(2)m 240 fnt6 4538 3220(n)m 240 fnt4 4745 3212(\))m +240 fnt1 4872 3218(or)m 5131(some)s 6(what)k 6156(higher)s 6827(\(b)s 4(ut)k 7269(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 7981(polynomial)s 0 2930(in)m 240 fnt6 238 2932(n)m 240 fnt1 352 2930(\))m 475(depending)s 1521(on)s 1813(ho)s 6(w)k @@ -9086,7 +9100,7 @@ grestore 1817(in)s 2077(Section)s 2869(2.7,)s 3294(the)s 3659(components)s 4885(of)s 5174(a)s 5357(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_opti_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_opti_1 /DEST pdfmark 6009(are)s 6373(promoted)s 7366(one)s 7786(by)s 8097(one)s 8517(into)s 8960(a)s 0 6205(tar)m 4(get.)k 703(When)s 1332(space)s 1919(runs)s 2382(out)s 2748(there,)s 3332(the)s @@ -9100,9 +9114,9 @@ grestore 1778(line.)s 2293(But,)s 2740(as)s 2983(we)s 3311(kno)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 3923(that)s 4335(simple)s 5021(method)s 5790(is)s 5993(inferior)s 6762(to)s 6994(the)s 7335(optimal)s 8113(paragraph)s 0 5255(breaking)m -893(used)s 1393(by)s 1691(Lout)s 2206(\(copied)s 2984(from)s -3512(the)s 3863(T)s 3959 5207(E)m 4066 5255(X)m 4298(system\),)s -5152(which)s 5797(e)s 3(xamines)k 6751(the)s 7103(entire)s +893(used)s 1393(by)s 1690(Lout)s 2206(\(copied)s 2984(from)s +3511(the)s 3863(T)s 3959 5207(E)m 4067 5255(X)m 4299(system\),)s +5152(which)s 5797(e)s 3(xamines)k 6752(the)s 7103(entire)s 7705(paragraph)s 8722(and)s 0 4967(determines)m 1099(the)s 1447(most)s 1972(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2472(assignment)s 3608(of)s 3879(w)s 2(ords)k 4513(to)s 4752(lines.)s 480 4593(Lout)m @@ -9123,7 +9137,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 4599 3355(whose)m 5290(v)s 6(alue)k 5880(is)s 220 fnt2 6112 3352(Y)m 30(es)k 240 fnt1 6453 3355(.)m 6639(Lik)s 2(e)k 7153(cross)s 7717(referencing,)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_opti_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_opti_2 /DEST pdfmark 8934(it)s 0 3067(tak)m 2(es)k 539(tw)s 2(o)k 947(runs)s 1409(to)s 1646(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2145(ef)s 6(fect.)k @@ -9227,9 +9241,9 @@ grestore 1702(a)s 1864(symbol)s 220 fnt2 2620 10653(@Sym)m 240 fnt1 3324 10656(may)m 3786(be)s 4064(enclosed)s 4955(in)s 220 fnt2 5194 10653(@Begin)m 240 fnt1 6019 10656(and)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_begi_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_begi_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_begi_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_begi_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 6419 10653(@End)m 7076(@Sym)s 240 fnt1 7780 10656(instead)m 8511(of)s 8778(the)s 0 10368(more)m 547(usual)s 1107(braces:)s 220 fnt2 480 9917(def @Section)m @@ -9256,7 +9270,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 3739(There)m 1093(are)s 1440(ten)s 1789(concatenation)s 3174(symbols,)s 4079(in)s 4322(three)s 4855(f)s 2(amilies:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3198(/)m 962(^/)s 1547(//)s 2012(^//)s 240 fnt1 2580 3201(V)m 26(ertical)k 3377(concatenation)s 220 fnt2 480 2910(|)m 962(^|)s 1547(||)s @@ -9270,7 +9284,7 @@ grestore 6425(space)s 7012(character)s 13(.)k 480 1422(The)m 906(v)s 3(ertical)k 1670(concatenation)s 3052(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3809 1419(/)m 240 fnt1 3930 1422(places)m 4575(its)s 4848(left)s 5222(parameter)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_2 /DEST pdfmark 6233(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 6852(its)s 7125(right)s 7633(parameter)s 8644(with)s 0 1134(their)m 519(column)s 1317(marks)s 1975(aligned.)s 2866(If)s 3119(one)s @@ -9284,7 +9298,7 @@ grestore 1908(concatenation)s 3280(symbols)s 220 fnt2 4117 181(|)m 240 fnt1 4201 184(and)m 220 fnt2 4593 181(||)m 240 fnt1 4734 184(are)m 5069(horizontal)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_3 /DEST pdfmark 6080(analogues)s 7076(of)s 220 fnt2 7334 181(/)m 240 fnt1 7446 184(and)m 220 fnt2 7837 181(//)m 240 fnt1 7962 184(:)m 8116(the)s 3(y)k 8566(place)s @@ -9357,7 +9371,7 @@ grestore 2692(side,)s 3174(with)s 3646(ro)s 6(w)k 4056(mark)s 4599(alignment)s 5605(or)s 5854(top-justi\207cation)s 7414(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k 8698(The)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 12917(in-paragraph)m 1278(concatenation)s 2663(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3423 12914(&)m 240 fnt1 3625 12917(produces)m 4540(horizontal)s 5564(concatenation)s 6949(within)s 7617(a)s 7783(paragraph;)s 8850(its)s 0 12629(special)m @@ -9399,7 +9413,7 @@ grestore 938(mark)s 1494(is)s 1708(designated)s 2793(as)s 3047(the)s 240 fnt6 3398 9025(principal)m 4339(mark)s 240 fnt1 4835 9023(,)m 4946(usually)s 5695(the)s 6047(mark)s 6602(of)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_5 /DEST pdfmark 6877(the)s 7229(\207rst)s 7664(component.)s 8896(A)s 0 8735(later)m 486(mark)s 1042(can)s 1435(be)s 1721(chosen)s 2447(for)s 2789(this)s @@ -9408,7 +9422,7 @@ grestore 8317(symbol.)s 0 8447(See)m 401(Section)s 1175(3.13)s 1639(for)s 1977(e)s 3(xamples.)k 480 8073(A)m 240 fnt6 712 8075(gap)m 240 fnt1 1065 8073(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_6 /DEST pdfmark 1175(specifying)s 2227(the)s 2578(distance)s 3420(between)s 4277(the)s 4627(tw)s 2(o)k 5040(parameters,)s 6197(may)s 6666(follo)s 6(w)k 7341(an)s 3(y)k @@ -9440,7 +9454,7 @@ grestore 3966(mode)s 4548(plus)s 4992(an)s 5268(optional)s 6101(indication)s 7108(of)s 7373(unbreakability)s 15(.)k 8896(A)s 240 fnt6 0 4973(length)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_7 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 659 4971(is)m 875(represented)s 2040(by)s 2341(an)s 2630(decimal)s 3447(number)s 4244(\(which)s 4972(may)s 5444(not)s 5816(be)s 6104(ne)s 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e\))k @@ -9451,29 +9465,29 @@ grestore 7847(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 8393(the)s 8740(full)s 0 4395(selection)m 906(of)s 1177(units)s 1693(of)s 1964(measurement.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_8 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_9 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_10 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_11 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_12 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_13 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_14 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_14 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_15 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_15 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_16 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_16 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_17 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_17 /DEST pdfmark 480 4021(After)m 1045(the)s 1396(length)s 2054(comes)s 2718(an)s 3004(optional)s 240 fnt6 3846 4023(gap)m 4261(mode)s 240 fnt1 4773 4021(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_18 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_18 /DEST pdfmark 4883(which)s 5528(is)s 5740(a)s 5909(single)s 6539(letter)s 7090(follo)s 6(wing)k 8070(the)s 8421(length,)s 0 3733(indicating)m 1031(ho)s 6(w)k 1514(the)s 1884(length)s @@ -9481,9 +9495,9 @@ grestore 4801(sho)s 6(wn)k 5500(in)s 5765(Figure)s 6468(3.2,)s 6897(with)s 7401(edge-to-edge)s 8728(g)s 1(ap)k 0 3445(mode)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_19 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_19 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_20 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_20 /DEST pdfmark 603(the)s 967(length)s 240 fnt6 1638 3447(l)m 240 fnt1 1780 3445(is)m 2006(measured)s 2996(from)s 3536(the)s 3900(trailing)s 4658(edge)s 5181(of)s 5468(the)s 5832(\207rst)s 6279(object)s @@ -9493,24 +9507,24 @@ grestore 4833 3154(e)m 240 fnt1 5005 3157(may)m 5469(be)s 5749(omitted.)s 6642(Hyphenation)s 7934(g)s 1(ap)k 8330(mode)s 8916(is)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_21 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_21 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_22 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_22 /DEST pdfmark 0 2869(similar)m 9(,)k 760(e)s 3(xcept)k 1441(as)s 1691(e)s 3(xplained)k 2676(at)s 2908(the)s 3256(end)s 3660(of)s 3931(this)s 4327(section.)s 480 2495(Mark-to-mark,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_23 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_23 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_24 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_24 /DEST pdfmark 1957(o)s 3(v)k 3(erstrik)k 2(e,)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_25 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_25 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_26 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_26 /DEST pdfmark 3028(and)s 3450(k)s 2(erning)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_27 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_27 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_28 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_28 /DEST pdfmark 4249(measure)s 5118(the)s 5484(length)s 6156(from)s 6698(the)s 7063(last)s 7471(mark)s 8041(of)s 8329(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 2207(object)m 648(to)s @@ -9531,13 +9545,13 @@ grestore 4673(other)s 5248(object;)s 5969(this)s 6389(mode)s 7001(is)s 7235(used)s 7756(for)s 8119(subscripts)s 0 1055(and)m 404(superscripts.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_29 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_29 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_30 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_30 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_31 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_31 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_32 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_32 /DEST pdfmark 558 681(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k 1646(ignores)s 2419(the)s 2785(\207rst)s 3234(object)s 3896(and)s 4318(places)s 4984(the)s 5350(leading)s 6125(edge)s 6651(of)s 6940(the)s 7306(second)s @@ -10198,9 +10212,9 @@ grestore 1523(objects)s 2254(are)s 2603(separated)s 3566(only)s 4048(by)s 4345(zero)s 4811(or)s 5072(more)s 5622(white)s 6211(space)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_33 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_33 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_34 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_34 /DEST pdfmark 6801(characters)s 7821(\(spaces,)s 8634(tabs,)s 0 1044(ne)m 6(wlines,)k 983(and)s 1420(formfeeds\),)s 2607(Lout)s 3152(inserts)s 220 fnt2 3859 1041(&)m 240 fnt6 4001 1046(k)m 220 fnt2 4111 1041(s)m @@ -10343,14 +10357,14 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2267 6657 translate +2267 6658 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10370,8 +10384,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10382,12 +10396,12 @@ grestore grestore gsave -1247 6657 translate +1247 6658 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 -68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10396,7 +10410,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -1247 6657 translate +1247 6658 translate 180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke @@ -10404,11 +10418,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -1247 6657 translate +1247 6658 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10454,14 +10468,14 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2267 5505 translate +2267 5506 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10482,8 +10496,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10494,11 +10508,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -1247 5505 translate +1247 5506 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10507,7 +10521,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -1247 5505 translate +1247 5506 translate 180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke @@ -10515,11 +10529,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -1247 5505 translate +1247 5506 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10565,7 +10579,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2551 4296 translate +2551 4297 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate @@ -10573,7 +10587,7 @@ gsave gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 -68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10593,8 +10607,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10605,11 +10619,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 4296 translate +680 4297 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10618,7 +10632,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 4296 translate +680 4297 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke @@ -10626,12 +10640,12 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 4296 translate +680 4297 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate +0 1 translate 180 fnt1 -68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10677,14 +10691,14 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2551 3094 translate +2551 3095 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10704,8 +10718,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10716,11 +10730,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 3094 translate +680 3095 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10729,7 +10743,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 3094 translate +680 3095 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -10738,11 +10752,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 3094 translate +680 3095 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10752,12 +10766,12 @@ grestore grestore 180 fnt1 975 2892(max\()m 180 fnt6 1383 2893(l,)m 1503(a+b+l/10)s 180 fnt1 2205 2892(\))m gsave -1247 3718 translate +1247 3719 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate -68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10772,7 +10786,7 @@ grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10782,24 +10796,24 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 3718 translate +680 3719 translate 30.0000 rotate -68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore -567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 3718 LoutGr2 +567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 3719 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave -680 3718 translate +680 3719 translate -30.0000 rotate -68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10808,14 +10822,14 @@ grestore grestore 180 fnt6 920 3787(a)m gsave -2551 3718 translate +2551 3719 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10835,8 +10849,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10847,11 +10861,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2268 3718 translate +2268 3719 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10860,7 +10874,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2268 3718 translate +2268 3719 translate 180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -10869,11 +10883,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2268 3718 translate +2268 3719 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10919,14 +10933,14 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2551 1942 translate +2551 1943 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10946,8 +10960,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10958,12 +10972,12 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 1942 translate +680 1943 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 -68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10972,7 +10986,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 1942 translate +680 1943 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke @@ -10980,11 +10994,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 1942 translate +680 1943 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -10995,12 +11009,12 @@ grestore 180 fnt1 1203 1740(max\()m 180 fnt6 1611 1741(l,)m 1731(a,)s 1891(b)s 180 fnt1 1977 1740(\))m gsave -1247 2566 translate +1247 2567 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate -68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11015,7 +11029,7 @@ grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate -68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11025,24 +11039,24 @@ grestore grestore gsave -680 2566 translate +680 2567 translate 30.0000 rotate -68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore -567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 2566 LoutGr2 +567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 2567 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave -680 2566 translate +680 2567 translate -30.0000 rotate -68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11050,14 +11064,14 @@ grestore grestore 180 fnt6 920 2635(a)m gsave -2551 2566 translate +2551 2567 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11077,9 +11091,9 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate +0 1 translate 180 fnt1 -68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11090,11 +11104,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2268 2566 translate +2268 2567 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11103,7 +11117,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2268 2566 translate +2268 2567 translate 180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke @@ -11111,11 +11125,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2268 2566 translate +2268 2567 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11161,14 +11175,14 @@ grestore grestore gsave -2268 733 translate +2268 734 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11189,8 +11203,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11201,11 +11215,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -0 733 translate +0 734 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11214,7 +11228,7 @@ grestore grestore gsave -0 733 translate +0 734 translate 180 fnt1 2268 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke @@ -11222,11 +11236,11 @@ grestore grestore gsave -0 733 translate +0 734 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11243,7 +11257,7 @@ gsave 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11263,8 +11277,8 @@ gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11279,7 +11293,7 @@ gsave 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11300,8 +11314,8 @@ gsave 0 234 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave -0 0 translate -180 fnt1 68 -1 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic +0 1 translate +180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore @@ -11309,7 +11323,7 @@ grestore grestore grestore -1189 22(curr)m 6(ent)k 1759(bound)s +1189 23(curr)m 6(ent)k 1759(bound)s grestore end end restore grestore @@ -11322,7 +11336,7 @@ grestore 1672(of)s 1958(tw)s 2(o)k 2383(or)s 2657(more)s 3219(objects)s 3962(separated)s 4936(by)s 220 fnt2 5245 4686(&)m 240 fnt1 5462 4689(symbols)m 6326(is)s 6551(a)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_35 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_35 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 6732 4691(par)m 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aph)k 240 fnt1 7745 4689(.)m 7924(Lout)s 8451(breaks)s 0 4401(paragraphs)m 1100(into)s @@ -11334,17 +11348,17 @@ grestore 2485(eligible)s 3258(for)s 3597(this)s 3995(con)s 9(v)k 3(ersion.)k 5198(`Optimal')s 6173(line)s 6588(breaks)s 7265(are)s 7613(chosen,)s 8386(using)s 8960(a)s 0 3825(method)m 776(adapted)s 1578(from)s -2102(T)s 2198 3777(E)m 2305 3825(X)m 2534([)s -[ /Rect [2605 3822 2718 3989] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark -2605(6)s -2718(].)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_36 /DEST pdfmark +2102(T)s 2198 3777(E)m 2306 3825(X)m 2535([)s +[ /Rect [2606 3822 2719 3989] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark +2606(6)s +2719(].)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_36 /DEST pdfmark 480 3451(If)m 735(an)s 220 fnt2 1043 3448(&)m 240 fnt1 1271 3451(symbol)m 2056(whose)s 2750(g)s 1(ap)k 3173(has)s 3568(h)s 1(yphenation)k 4834(mode)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_37 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_37 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_38 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_38 /DEST pdfmark 5447(is)s 5683(chosen)s 6430(for)s 6793(replacement)s 8046(by)s 220 fnt2 8365 3448(//1vx)m 240 fnt1 8827 3451(,)m 8960(a)s 0 3163(h)m 1(yphen)k @@ -11362,8 +11376,8 @@ grestore 0 635(Basser)m 727(Lout)s 1269(inserts)s 1973(h)s 1(yphenation)k 3243(g)s 1(aps)k 3762(automatically)s 5147(as)s 5427(required,)s 6360(ag)s 1(ain)k 6964(follo)s 6(wing)k 7971(the)s -8350(method)s 0 347(of)m 304(T)s 400 299(E)m 507 347(X)m -676(,)s 817(which)s 1492(approximates)s 2865(the)s 3246(h)s 1(yphenations)k +8350(method)s 0 347(of)m 304(T)s 400 299(E)m 508 347(X)m +677(,)s 817(which)s 1493(approximates)s 2865(the)s 3247(h)s 1(yphenations)k 4607(in)s 4883(W)s 19(ebster')k 13(s)k 5904(dictionary)s 15(.)k 7055(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 8011(it)s 8236(does)s 8760(not)s 0 59(insert)m 607(h)s 1(yphenation)k @@ -11453,15 +11467,15 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTfont /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11365(A)m 240 fnt6 728 11367(font)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1182 11365(is)m 1410(a)s 1594(collection)s 2611(of)s 2900(characters)s 3936(which)s 4596(may)s 5080(be)s 5380(printed.)s 6239(Man)s 3(y)k 6867(fonts)s 7414(come)s 8006(in)s 240 fnt6 8268 11367(families)m 240 fnt1 9019 11365(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 11077(which)m 634(are)s 973(groups)s 1667(of)s 1930(fonts)s 2450(that)s 2860(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3352(been)s 3853(designed)s 4754(to)s 4984(go)s 5269(together)s 13(.)k @@ -11486,9 +11500,9 @@ grestore 0 8055(be)m 282(applied)s 1044(to)s 1283(man)s 3(y)k 1866(font)s 2311(f)s 2(amilies.)k 480 7681(Lig)m 1(atures,)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_4 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_5 /DEST pdfmark 1488(such)s 1984(as)s 2234(\210)s 2420(for)s 2758(f)s 2849(l)s 2970(and)s 3375(\207)s 3560(for)s 3898(f)s 3989(i,)s 4163(are)s 4510(considered)s 5604(by)s 5899(Basser)s @@ -11515,7 +11529,7 @@ grestore 4278(is)s 4488(rarely)s 5098(needed.)s 480 4204(More)m 1046(generally)s 15(,)k 2018(the)s 220 fnt2 2357 4201(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 3061 4204(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_6 /DEST pdfmark 3812(returns)s 4517(its)s 4784(right)s 5287(parameter)s 6292(in)s 6526(a)s 6683(font)s 7120(and)s 7515(size)s 7933(speci\207ed)s 8832(by)s 0 3916(its)m 276(left:)s 220 fnt2 @@ -11650,7 +11664,7 @@ grestore 480 10052(The)m 220 fnt2 908 10049(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 1620 10052(symbol)m 2380(also)s 2818(switches)s 3692(to)s 3931(and)s 4335(from)s 4859(small)s 5431(capitals:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9551(smallcaps @F)m 6(ont ...)k 480 9263(nosmallcaps @F)m 6(ont ...)k 240 fnt1 0 8767(These)m 639(may)s 1118(be)s 1412(nested,)s 2143(and)s 2559(the)s 3(y)k @@ -11871,7 +11885,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 800 5378(,)m 908(a)s 1076(PostScript)s 2120(font)s 2567(name;)s 220 fnt2 3198 5375(@Metr)m -3(ics)k 240 fnt1 4124 5378(,)m 4293(an)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_8 /DEST pdfmark 4578(Adobe)s 5275(font)s 5721(metrics)s 6476(\(formerly)s 7446(AFM\))s 8095(\207le)s 8458(whose)s 0 5090(F)m 3(ontName)k 1070(entry)s 1622(must)s 2154(agree)s 2734(with)s 3223(the)s @@ -11887,7 +11901,7 @@ grestore 4339(for)s 4685(general)s 5451(information)s 6645(about)s 7245(fonts)s 7782(and)s 8195(encoding)s 0 4226(v)m 3(ectors;)k 795(brie\210y)s 15(,)k 1506(an)s 1785(8-bit)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_9 /DEST pdfmark 2291(character)s 3221(code)s 240 fnt6 3724 4228(c)m 240 fnt1 3882 4226(in)m 4120(Lout')s 13(s)k 4778(input)s 5325(is)s 5531(mapped)s 6342(to)s 6577(the)s @@ -12026,7 +12040,7 @@ grestore 7690(or)s 7975(dif)s 6(ferent)k 8876(as)s 0 12053(desired.)m 480 11679(The)m 220 fnt2 917 11676(@Char)m 240 fnt1 1685 11679(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_10 /DEST pdfmark 2454(allo)s 6(ws)k 3133(a)s 3309(character)s 4252(to)s 4501(be)s 4792(speci\207ed)s 5710(by)s 6014(its)s 6299(name)s 6883(\(its)s 7247(PostScript)s 8299(name)s 8883(in)s 0 11391(Basser)m @@ -12052,7 +12066,7 @@ grestore 7155(3.2\),)s 7631(of)s 6(fering)k 8437(a)s 8592(\207x)s 3(ed)k 0 8346(set)m 325(of)s 596(styles:)s 220 fnt2 1275 7838(adjust)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 7843(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 7841(Break)m 4301(the)s 4718(paragraphs)s 5887(of)s 240 fnt6 6228 7843(object)m 240 fnt1 6945 7841(into)m 7439(lines,)s 8066(and)s 8540(apply)s @@ -12060,10 +12074,10 @@ grestore 5511(3.19\))s 6084(to)s 6348(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 6949(line)s 7388(e)s 3(xcept)k 8094(the)s 8467(last)s 8883(in)s 3600 7265(each)m 4095(paragraph;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1128 6757(outdent)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 6762(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 6760(Lik)m 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4122 6757(adjust)m 240 fnt1 4703 6760(,)m 4840(e)s 3(xcept)k 5551(that)s 220 fnt2 6000 6757(2.0f @Wide {} &0i)m 240 fnt1 7809 6760(is)m @@ -12073,46 +12087,46 @@ grestore 8843(an)s 3600 6184(outdented)m 4592(paragraph)s 5595(\(the)s 6012(outdent)s 6780(width)s 7372(may)s 7828(be)s 8100(changed)s 8946(\211)s 3600 5896(see)m 3961(belo)s 6(w\);)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1187 5398(r)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 5403(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 5401(Break)m 4222(the)s 4559(paragraphs)s 5648(of)s 240 fnt6 5908 5403(object)m 240 fnt1 6545 5401(into)m 6960(lines,)s 7507(b)s 4(ut)k 7858(do)s 8140(not)s 8495(adjust)s 3600 5113(the)m 3948(lines)s 4450(\(`ragged)s 5317(right'\);)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1077 4605(cr)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 4610(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 4608(Lik)m 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4125 4605(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 4794 4608(,)m 4934(e)s 3(xcept)k 5648(that)s 6099(each)s 6628(line)s 7075(will)s 7534(be)s 7849(centred)s 8644(with)s 3600 4320(respect)m 4336(to)s 4575(the)s 4923(others;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1114 3812(rr)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 3817(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 3815(Lik)m 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4115 3812(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 4784 3815(,)m 4914(e)s 3(xcept)k 5618(that)s 6059(each)s 6577(line)s 7014(will)s 7463(be)s 7768(right-justi\207ed)s 3600 3527(with)m 4082(respect)s 4818(to)s 5057(the)s 5405(others)s 6040(\(`ragged)s 6907(left'\);)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1065 3019(or)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 3024(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 3022(The)m 4028(ob)s 3(vious)k 4835(combination)s 6088(of)s 220 fnt2 6359 3019(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 7088 3022(and)m 220 fnt2 7492 3019(outdent)m 240 fnt1 8220 3022(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1413 2515(lines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 2520(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 2518(Break)m 4284(the)s 4685(paragraphs)s 5837(of)s 240 fnt6 6161 2520(object)m 240 fnt1 6861 2518(into)m 7339(lines)s 7893(at)s 8178(the)s 8579(same)s 3600 2230(points)m @@ -12128,20 +12142,20 @@ grestore 3600 1366(a)m 3766(line)s 4180(other)s 4731(than)s 5200(the)s 5548(\207rst)s 5979(line)s 6393(will)s 6819(appear)s 7516(in)s 7759(the)s 8107(output;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1303 858(clines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 863(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_8 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 861(Break)m 4288(the)s 4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt6 6177 863(object)m 240 fnt1 6881 861(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s 220 fnt2 8623 858(lines)m 3600 570(@Break)m 240 fnt1 4396 573(,)m 4503(then)s 4972(centre)s 5611(each)s 6106(line)s 6520(with)s 7002(respect)s 7738(to)s 7977(the)s 8325(others;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_8 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1337 65(r)m -3(lines)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 70(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_9 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 68(Break)m 4288(the)s 4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt6 6177 70(object)m 240 fnt1 6881 68(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s @@ -12213,16 +12227,16 @@ grestore 4396 13250(,)m 4535(then)s 5036(right-)s 5555(justify)s 6251(each)s 6778(line)s 7224(with)s 7738(respect)s 8506(to)s 8778(the)s 3600 12962(others.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_9 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1291 12504(olines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 12509(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_10 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 12507(Break)m 4288(the)s 4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt6 6177 12509(object)m 240 fnt1 6881 12507(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s 220 fnt2 8623 12504(lines)m 3600 12216(@Break)m 240 fnt1 4396 12219(,)m 4503(then)s 4972(as)s 5222(for)s 5560(outdenting.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_10 /DEST pdfmark 0 11716(If)m 235(the)s 588(paragraph)s 1606(w)s 2(as)k 2032(an)s 2320(entire)s 2924(component)s 4053(of)s 4329(a)s 4501(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k @@ -12243,7 +12257,7 @@ grestore 0 10478(Ho)m 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 960(the)s 220 fnt2 1308 10475(v)m 240 fnt1 1477 10478(unit)m 1909(itself)s 2457(and)s 2861(the)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_11 /DEST pdfmark 3209(g)s 1(ap)k 3607(mode)s 4195(may)s 4661(be)s 4943(changed:)s 240 fnt6 1503 9975(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 9970(@Break)m 240 fnt6 2772 9975(object)m @@ -12253,7 +12267,7 @@ grestore 6998 9970(v)m 240 fnt1 7167 9973(unit)m 7600(to)s 7839(be)s 8122(the)s 8471(length)s 3600 9685(of)m 240 fnt6 3871 9687(gap)m 240 fnt1 4224 9685(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_11 /DEST pdfmark 1375 9184(+)m 240 fnt6 1503 9186(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 9181(@Break)m 240 fnt6 2772 9186(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 9184(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4320 9186(object)m 240 fnt1 @@ -12264,7 +12278,7 @@ grestore 4874 8898(gap)m 240 fnt1 5287 8896(than)m 5756(it)s 5948(w)s 2(ould)k 6603(otherwise)s 7588(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8089(been;)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark 1383 8391(\211)m 240 fnt6 1503 8393(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 8388(@Break)m 240 fnt6 2772 8393(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 8391(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4309 8393(object)m 240 fnt1 4897 8391(,)m 5000(tak)s 2(e)k @@ -12274,7 +12288,7 @@ grestore 4603(of)s 240 fnt6 4874 8105(gap)m 240 fnt1 5287 8103(than)m 5756(it)s 5948(w)s 2(ould)k 6603(otherwise)s 7588(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8089(been.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_13 /DEST pdfmark 0 7598(In)m 256(each)s 751(case,)s 1269(the)s 1617(mode)s 2205(of)s 240 fnt6 2476 7600(gap)m 240 fnt1 2889 7598(is)m 3099(adopted)s 3915(within)s 240 fnt6 4583 7600(object)m @@ -12319,27 +12333,27 @@ grestore 908 3827(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1764 3830(symbol)m 2524(also)s 2962(controls)s 3783(h)s 1(yphenation:)k 220 fnt2 1141 3322(h)m 6(yphen @Break)k 240 fnt6 2772 3327(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 3325(Permit)m 4296(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5536(within)s 6204(the)s 6552(paragraphs)s 7652(of)s 240 fnt6 7923 3327(object)m 240 fnt1 8511 3325(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 897 2817(noh)m 6(yphen @Break)k 240 fnt6 2772 2822(object)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_13 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 2820(Prohibit)m 4440(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5691(within)s 6370(the)s 6729(paragraphs)s 7840(of)s 240 fnt6 8122 2822(object)m 240 fnt1 8710 2820(;)m 8833(all)s 3600 2532(h)m 1(yphenation)k 4897(g)s 1(aps)k 5443(without)s 6291(e)s 3(xception)k 7332(re)s 6(v)k 3(ert)k 7996(to)s 8292(edge-)s 8812(to-)s 3600 2244(edge)m 4108(mode.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark 0 1741(The)m 220 fnt2 428 1738(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1284 1741(also)m 1722(has)s 2092(options)s 2848(which)s 3490(control)s 4222(wido)s 6(w)k 4922(and)s 5326(orphan)s 6048(lines:)s 220 fnt2 480 1233(unbreakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k 240 fnt6 3053 1238(ob-)m 480 950(ject)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 1236(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k 4431(column)s 5256(and)s 5710(page)s 6268(breaks)s 6993(\(i.e.)s 7458(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 8276(a)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k @@ -12347,7 +12361,7 @@ grestore 6784(and)s 7212(second)s 7958(lines)s 8483(of)s 8778(the)s 3600 660(paragraphs)m 4700(of)s 240 fnt6 4971 662(object)m 240 fnt1 5559 660(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_16 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_16 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -12415,13 +12429,13 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 480 13200(unbreakab)m 4(lelast @Break)k 240 fnt6 3053 13205(ob-)m 480 12917(ject)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 13203(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k 4429(column)s 5252(and)s 5704(page)s 6261(breaks)s 6984(between)s 7886(the)s 8282(last)s 8722(and)s 3600 12915(second)m 4323(last)s 4714(lines)s 5216(of)s 5487(the)s 5835(paragraphs)s 6935(of)s 240 fnt6 7206 12917(object)m 240 fnt1 7794 12915(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_17 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_17 /DEST pdfmark 0 12412(These)m 688(options)s 1506(w)s 2(ork)k 2119(by)s 2475(adding)s 3241(the)s 220 fnt2 3651 12409(u)m 240 fnt1 3881 12412(\(unbreakable\))m 5319(suf\207x)s @@ -12449,7 +12463,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 5749 10093(to)m 5993(indicate)s 6811(a)s 6982(change)s 7721(to)s 7965(the)s 8319(e)s 3(xisting)k 3600 9805(outdent)m 4378(v)s 6(alue.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_brea_18 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_18 /DEST pdfmark 0 9351(Mar)m 4(gin)k 764(k)s 2(erning,)k 1608(in)s 1858(which)s 2508(small)s 3087(\(usually)s 3919(punctuation\))s 5185(characters)s 6210(protrude)s 7084(into)s 7516(the)s 7872(mar)s 4(gin,)k @@ -12473,11 +12487,11 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTspace /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 5844(The)m 220 fnt2 911 5841(@Space)m 240 fnt1 1812 5844(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_spac_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_spac_1 /DEST pdfmark 2576(changes)s 3402(the)s 3754(v)s 6(alue)k 4326(of)s 4601(the)s 220 fnt2 4953 5841(s)m 240 fnt1 5120 5844(unit)m 5556(of)s 5831(measurement)s 7169(\(Section)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_spac_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_spac_2 /DEST pdfmark 8026(3.2\))s 8458(within)s 0 5556(its)m 276(right)s 787(parameter)s 1801(to)s 2040(the)s 2388(v)s 6(alue)k 2956(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k @@ -12642,9 +12656,9 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTyunit /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8739(The)m 220 fnt2 917 8736(@YUnit)m 240 fnt1 1741 8739(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_yuni_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_yuni_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_yuni_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_yuni_2 /DEST pdfmark 2510(changes)s 3342(the)s 3699(v)s 6(alue)k 4277(of)s 4557(the)s 220 fnt2 4915 8736(y)m 240 fnt1 5092 8739(unit)m 5534(of)s 5814(measurement)s @@ -12840,9 +12854,9 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 5152(The)m 220 fnt2 927 5149(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 2204 5152(and)m 220 fnt2 2628 5149(@SetColor)m 240 fnt1 3783 5152(symbols,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_colo_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_colo_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_colo_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_colo_2 /DEST pdfmark 4708(which)s 5370(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5891(identical)s 6788(ef)s 6(fect,)k 7451(return)s 8098(their)s 8615(right)s 0 4864(parameter)m 1047(in)s 1323(the)s 1704(colour)s @@ -13070,9 +13084,9 @@ grestore 480 1122(The)m 220 fnt2 905 1119(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 3099 1122(and)m 220 fnt2 3500 1119(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColor)k 240 fnt1 5571 1122(symbols,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_ucol_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_ucol_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_ucol_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_ucol_2 /DEST pdfmark 6473(which)s 7112(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7610(identical)s 8483(ef)s 6(fect,)k 0 834(ensure)m 698(that)s 1134(an)s 3(y)k 1549(underlining)s 2723(in)s 2984(the)s @@ -13165,7 +13179,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTtexture /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11423(The)m 220 fnt2 943 11420(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 2295 11423(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_text_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_text_1 /DEST pdfmark 3091(returns)s 3841(its)s 4152(right)s 4699(parameter)s 5749(in)s 6028(the)s 6411(te)s 3(xture)k 7163(speci\207ed)s 8107(by)s 8437(its)s 8749(left)s 0 11135(parameter)m 13(.)k @@ -13414,7 +13428,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 7449(The)m 220 fnt2 895 7446(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 1850 7449(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_outl_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_outl_1 /DEST pdfmark 2597(causes)s 3258(all)s 3537(the)s 3872(w)s 2(ords)k 4492(in)s 4722(the)s 5056(right)s 5553(parameter)s 6554(\(which)s 7261(may)s 7714(be)s 7982(an)s 8251(arbitrary)s 0 7161(object\))m @@ -13453,7 +13467,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 2490(The)m 220 fnt2 905 2487(@Language)m 240 fnt1 2153 2490(symbol)m 2910(informs)s 3701(Lout)s 4210(that)s 4625(its)s 4898(right)s 5406(parameter)s 6417(is)s 6624(written)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_lang_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_1 /DEST pdfmark 7354(in)s 7594(the)s 7939(language)s 8855(of)s 0 2202(its)m 276(left)s 653(parameter:)s 220 fnt2 480 1701(Danish @Language { ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 @@ -13538,7 +13552,7 @@ grestore 1167(or)s 1428(else)s 1857(it)s 2051(must)s 2578(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3080(been)s 3591(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4173(in)s 4418(a)s 220 fnt2 4586 13202(langdef)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_lang_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 5363 13205(language)m 6285(de\207nition)s 7261(at)s 7495(the)s 7845(be)s 3(ginning)k 8855(of)s 0 12917(the)m 348(input:)s 220 fnt2 480 12409(langdef Danish Dansk {)m @@ -13577,7 +13591,7 @@ grestore 913 8518(@CurrLang)m 240 fnt1 2103 8521(symbol,)m 2920(which)s 3567(has)s 3942(no)s 4240(parameters,)s 5399(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 6332(to)s 6576(the)s 6929(\207rst)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_lang_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_3 /DEST pdfmark 7365(name)s 7944(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8529(in)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 8230(langdef)m 240 fnt1 776 8233(of)m 1047(the)s 1395(language)s 2315(in)s 2558(force)s @@ -13614,9 +13628,9 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTonerow /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 1717(The)m 220 fnt2 913 1714(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 2049 1717(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_oner_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_oner_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_2 /DEST pdfmark 2814(returns)s 3533(its)s 3814(right)s 4330(parameter)s 5350(modi\207ed)s 6264(so)s 6535(that)s 6958(only)s 7443(the)s 7796(principal)s 8706(ro)s 6(w)k @@ -13757,7 +13771,7 @@ grestore end end restore grestore -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_oner_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 0 9607(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 1016 9610(has)m 1391(the)s 1744(same)s 2296(ef)s 6(fect)k 2897(on)s 3198(columns)s 4065(as)s @@ -13772,7 +13786,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 8052(The)m 220 fnt2 910 8049(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 1687 8052(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_wide_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_wide_1 /DEST pdfmark 2450(returns)s 3167(its)s 3446(right)s 3960(parameter)s 4977(modi\207ed)s 5888(to)s 6130(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6634(the)s 6985(width)s 7590(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8173(by)s @@ -13799,7 +13813,7 @@ grestore 4595(sense)s 5184(for)s 5537(an)s 5835(object)s 6494(of)s 6780(\207x)s 3(ed)k 7329(width)s 7946(to)s 8200(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 6612(column)m 775(marks.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_wide_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_wide_2 /DEST pdfmark 552 6238(The)m 220 fnt2 993 6235(@High)m 240 fnt1 1725 6238(symbol)m 2498(similarly)s 3413(ensures)s 4194(that)s 4625(its)s 4914(result)s 5517(is)s @@ -13815,7 +13829,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUThshift /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 4437(The)m 220 fnt2 917 4434(@HShift)m 240 fnt1 1802 4437(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hshi_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hshi_1 /DEST pdfmark 2572(returns)s 3296(its)s 3582(right)s 4103(parameter)s 5127(with)s 5619(principal)s 6533(mark)s 7095(shifted)s 7813(as)s 8073(prescribed)s 0 4149(by)m 294(its)s @@ -13824,13 +13838,13 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3600 3644(Principal)m 4517(mark)s 5069(shifted)s 5777(to)s 6016(the)s 6364(right)s 6875(by)s 240 fnt6 7169 3646(length)m 240 fnt1 7762 3644(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_hshi_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_hshi_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1180 3136(-)m 240 fnt6 1244 3141(length)m 220 fnt2 1897 3136(@HShift)m 240 fnt6 2772 3141(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 3139(Principal)m 4517(mark)s 5069(shifted)s 5777(to)s 6016(the)s 6364(left)s 6741(by)s 240 fnt6 7035 3141(length)m 240 fnt1 7628 3139(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_hshi_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_hshi_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 1244 2636(length)m 220 fnt2 1897 2631(@HShift)m 240 fnt6 2772 2636(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 2634(Principal)m 4512(mark)s 5058(shifted)s 5760(so)s 6020(as)s 6264(to)s @@ -13838,7 +13852,7 @@ grestore 7666(the)s 8008(right)s 8513(of)s 8778(the)s 3600 2346(left)m 3977(edge)s 4485(of)s 240 fnt6 4756 2348(object)m 240 fnt1 5344 2346(;)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_hshi_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_hshi_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 1843(In)m 256(each)s 751(chase)s 220 fnt2 1338 1840(@HShift)m 240 fnt1 2213 1843(includes)m 3061(a)s 220 fnt2 3227 1840(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 4239 1843(ef)m 6(fect.)k 480 1469(The)m @@ -13858,7 +13872,7 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 6294 1178(0.5w @HShift)m 240 fnt1 7699 1181(will)m 8132(centre)s 8778(the)s 0 893(principal)m 904(column)s 1679(mark)s 2231(within)s 2899(the)s 3247(right)s 3758(parameter)s 13(.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hshi_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hshi_2 /DEST pdfmark 548 519(The)m 220 fnt2 984 516(@VShift)m 240 fnt1 1855 519(symbol)m 2624(is)s 2842(similar)s 3572(e)s 3(xcept)k 4261(that)s 4688(it)s @@ -13943,11 +13957,11 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUThexpand /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hexp_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hexp_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hexp_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 558 11935(The)m 220 fnt2 1004 11932(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 2195 11935(symbol)m 2973(causes)s 3666(its)s 3961(right)s 4490(parameter)s 5522(to)s 5779(be)s 6079(as)s 6348(wide)s 6887(as)s @@ -13990,11 +14004,11 @@ grestore 1976(and)s 2417(@VContract)s [ /Dest /LOUThcontract /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hcon_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hcon_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hcon_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 542 6753(The)m 220 fnt2 972 6750(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 2239 6753(symbol)m 3001(reduces)s 3784(the)s 4135(size)s 4564(of)s 4837(its)s 5116(right)s @@ -14014,9 +14028,9 @@ grestore 2305(@VLimited)s [ /Dest /LOUThlimited /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hlim_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hlim_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hlim_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hlim_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 579 3104(The)m 220 fnt2 1047 3101(@HLimited)m 240 fnt1 2221 3104(symbol)m 3021(limits)s 3654(the)s 4042(width)s 4684(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5631(to)s 5910(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k @@ -14107,13 +14121,13 @@ grestore 2972(and)s 3413(@P)s 17(Adjust)k [ /Dest /LOUThadjust /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hadj_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hadj_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hadj_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_3 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hadj_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 551 12727(These)m 1189(symbols)s 2050(spread)s 2743(their)s 3252(right)s 3774(parameter)s 4800(apart)s 5348(until)s 5852(it)s 6056(occupies)s 6955(all)s @@ -14157,11 +14171,11 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUThscale /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hsca_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hsca_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hsca_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 538 7202(@HScale)m 240 fnt1 1516 7205(causes)m 2189(its)s 2462(right)s 2970(parameter)s 3982(to)s 4218(e)s 3(xpand)k 4962(to)s 5199(\207ll)s 5516(the)s 5861(space)s 6446(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k @@ -14206,13 +14220,13 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUThmirror /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hmir_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hmir_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hmir_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_3 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hmir_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 542 450(@HMirror)m 240 fnt1 1558 453(and)m 220 fnt2 1965 450(@VMirror)m 240 fnt1 2969 453(cause)m 3559(their)s 4059(right)s 4573(parameter)s 5590(to)s 5832(be)s 6117(re\210ected,)s 7049(either)s @@ -14326,9 +14340,9 @@ grestore 2120(@VCo)s 2(v)k 2(er)k [ /Dest /LOUThcover /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_cove_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_cove_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_cove_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_cove_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 529 7569(The)m 220 fnt2 946 7566(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 1941 7569(symbol)m 2690(v)s 3(ertically)k 3631(scales)s 4241(its)s @@ -14515,15 +14529,15 @@ grestore 6857(@VSpan)s [ /Dest /LOUThspan /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_span_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_span_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_span_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_3 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_span_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_4 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_span_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 556 11692(These)m 1199(symbols)s 2065(w)s 2(ork)k 2632(together)s 3492(to)s 3747(produce)s 4591(spanning)s 5525(columns)s 6403(and)s 6824(ro)s 6(ws)k 7350(in)s 7610(a)s @@ -14698,7 +14712,7 @@ grestore 0 13203(3.24.)m 591(@Scale)s [ /Dest /LOUTscale /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_scal_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_scal_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 588 12771(This)m 1112(symbol)s 1920(geometrically)s 3335(scales)s 4004(its)s 4328(right)s 4887(parameter)s 5949(by)s 6291(the)s 6687(scale)s 7268(f)s 2(actor)k @@ -14755,9 +14769,9 @@ grestore 240 fnt5 0 3676(3.25.)m 591(@Rotate)s [ /Dest /LOUTrotate /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_rota_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rota_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_rota_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rota_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 542 3244(The)m 220 fnt2 973 3241(@Rotate)m 240 fnt1 1897 3244(symbol)m 2660(will)s 3089(rotate)s 3691(its)s 3970(right)s 4484(parameter)s 5501(counterclockwise)s @@ -14960,7 +14974,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTbackground /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_back_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_back_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 577 6265(The)m 220 fnt2 1042 6262(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k 240 fnt1 2515 6265(symbol)m 3312(will)s 3775(print)s 4323(its)s 4637(left)s 5051(parameter)s 6102(in)s 6382(the)s 6767(background)s @@ -14976,7 +14990,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTkernshrink /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_kshr_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_kshr_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 541 4464(This)m 1018(symbol)s 1779(returns)s 2495(its)s 2772(right)s 3284(parameter)s 4300(unchanged)s 5397(in)s 5641(appearance)s 6774(b)s 4(ut)k 7137(occup)s 2(ying)k 8187(a)s @@ -15084,11 +15098,11 @@ grestore 2847(and)s 3288(@Meld)s [ /Dest /LOUTrump /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_rump_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_rump_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_rump_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 540 11935(The)m 220 fnt2 968 11932(@Common)m 240 fnt1 2127 11935(and)m 220 fnt2 2531 11932(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 3391 11935(symbols)m 4240(compare)s 5119(tw)s 2(o)k @@ -15321,7 +15335,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTinsert /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_inse_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_inse_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 541 4098(The)m 220 fnt2 970 4095(@Inser)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1808 4098(symbol)m 2569(inserts)s 3245(its)s 3522(left)s 3901(parameter)s 4916(at)s 5149(the)s 5499(be)s 3(ginning)k @@ -15412,7 +15426,7 @@ grestore 0 13203(3.30.)m 591(@OneOf)s [ /Dest /LOUToneof /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_oneo_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oneo_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 534 12771(The)m 220 fnt2 956 12768(@OneOf)m 240 fnt1 1877 12771(symbol)m 2631(returns)s 3339(one)s 3734(of)s 3999(the)s 4341(sequence)s 5268(of)s 5533(objects)s @@ -15546,7 +15560,7 @@ grestore 1584(cases.)s 240 fnt5 0 12175(3.31.)m 591(@Next)s [ /Dest /LOUTnext /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_next_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_next_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 535 11743(The)m 220 fnt2 957 11740(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 1676 11743(symbol)m 2430(returns)s 3138(its)s 3409(parameter)s 4417(plus)s @@ -15568,9 +15582,9 @@ grestore 240 fnt5 0 9139(3.32.)m 591(@Case)s [ /Dest /LOUTcase /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_case_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_case_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_case_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_case_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 540 8707(The)m 220 fnt2 968 8704(@Case)m 240 fnt1 1755 8707(symbol)m 2515(selects)s 3202(its)s 3478(result)s 4068(from)s 4592(a)s 4758(list)s @@ -15716,7 +15730,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTmoment /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11692(The)m 908(prede\207ned)s 1976(symbol)s 220 fnt2 2736 11689(@Moment)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_mome_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_mome_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3808 11692(has)m 4178(the)s 4526(follo)s 6(wing)k 5503(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt2 480 11191(def @Moment)m 480 10903( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 10615( named @Second {})m 480 10327( named @Min)m 2(ute {})k @@ -15758,7 +15772,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 2482 3464(an)m 2784(implementation-dependent)s 5427(number)s 6237(that)s 6675(may)s 7160(encode)s 7914(the)s 8282(daylight)s 2482 3176(sa)m 4(ving)k 3156(currently)s 4072(in)s 4315(ef)s 6(fect)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_mome_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_mome_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 2615(Unix)m 519(manual)s 1262(entries)s 1934(state)s 2411(that)s 220 fnt2 2814 2612(@Second)m 240 fnt1 3813 2615(can)m 4186(be)s 4453(as)s @@ -15769,8 +15783,8 @@ grestore 5908(F)s 3(or)k 6297(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 1826(@Moment&&no)m 3(w @Open { @Da)k 6(y {@Months&&@Month}, @Centur)k -6(y{@Y)k 30(ear} })k 240 fnt1 0 1328(produces)m 915(something)s 1965(lik)s 2(e)k -2377(14)s 2671(October)s 9(,)k 3539(2008)s 4066(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k -4646(a)s 4812(suitable)s 5611(database)s 6490(of)s 6761(months.)s +2377(18)s 2664(June,)s 3210(2023)s 3734(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +4314(a)s 4480(suitable)s 5279(database)s 6158(of)s 6429(months.)s grestore gsave @@ -15839,7 +15853,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTnull /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 12815(This)m 979(symbol)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_null_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_null_1 /DEST pdfmark 1762(pro)s 3(vides)k 2657(a)s 2846(con)s 9(v)k 3(enient)k 3967(w)s 2(ay)k 4441(to)s 4703(remo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 5493(unw)s 2(anted)k @@ -15869,9 +15883,9 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTgalley /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8068(These)m 1131(symbols)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark 2004(both)s 2511(act)s 2874(as)s 3148(a)s 3338(placeholder)s 4538(for)s 4900(a)s 5090(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 5844(That)s 6366(is,)s 6656(the)s 3(y)k 7144(may)s @@ -15895,7 +15909,7 @@ grestore 480 5646(Informally)m 15(,)k 1597(header)s 2298(components)s 3510(are)s 3861(running)s 4663(headers)s 5448(that)s 5871(appear)s 6572(at)s 6808(the)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_head_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_1 /DEST pdfmark 7160(top)s 7523(of)s 7798(the)s 8151(displayed)s 0 5358(se)m 3(gments)k 936(of)s 1204(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 2039(The)s 3(y)k 2579(are)s 2923(used,)s 3467(for)s @@ -16026,124 +16040,124 @@ gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt6 -480 13209(C)m 167 fnt6 645 13122(i)m 240 fnt4 773 13201(:)m -240 fnt6 903 13209(H)m 167 fnt4 1086 13117(1)m 240 fnt4 -1163 13201(,)m 240 fnt6 1270 13209(H)m 167 fnt4 1453 13117(2)m -240 fnt4 1544 13201(,)m 1651(\274)s 1949(,)s 240 fnt6 -2056 13209(H)m 167 fnt6 2239 13122(n)m 240 fnt6 480 12921(/)m -480 12633(C)m 167 fnt6 645 12546(i)m 167 fnt4 711 12541(+)m -823(1)s 240 fnt4 972 12625(:)m 240 fnt6 1102 12633(H)m -167 fnt4 1285 12541(1)m 240 fnt4 1362 12625(,)m 240 fnt6 -1469 12633(H)m 167 fnt4 1652 12541(2)m 240 fnt4 1743 12625(,)m -1850(\274)s 2148(,)s 240 fnt6 2255 12633(H)m 167 fnt6 -2438 12546(n)m 240 fnt1 0 12090(which)m 642(may)s 1109(be)s -1391(read:)s 1909(`If)s 2218(ordinary)s 3083(component)s 240 fnt6 -4208 12092(C)m 167 fnt6 4373 12036(i)m 240 fnt1 4477 12090(has)m -4848(header)s 5545(component)s 6670(sequence)s 240 fnt6 7604 12092(H)m -167 fnt4 7787 12032(1)m 240 fnt4 7864 12084(,)m 240 fnt6 -7971 12092(H)m 167 fnt4 8154 12031(2)m 240 fnt4 8245 12084(,)m -8352(\274)s 8650(,)s 240 fnt6 8757 12092(H)m 167 fnt6 -8940 12037(n)m 240 fnt1 9019 12090(,)m 0 11802(then)m 468(its)s -743(successor)s 1718(component)s 240 fnt6 2841 11804(C)m 167 fnt6 -3006 11748(i)m 167 fnt4 3072 11743(+)m 3184(1)s 240 fnt1 -3308 11802(has)m 3677(header)s 4373(component)s 5496(sequence)s 240 fnt6 -6428 11804(H)m 167 fnt4 6611 11744(1)m 240 fnt4 6688 11796(,)m -240 fnt6 6795 11804(H)m 167 fnt4 6978 11743(2)m 240 fnt4 -7069 11796(,)m 7176(\274)s 7474(,)s 240 fnt6 7581 11804(H)m -167 fnt6 7764 11749(n)m 240 fnt1 7902 11802(also.)m 16(')k -8501(Using)s 0 11514(this)m 396(notation,)s 1287(we)s 1622(may)s +480 13209(C)m 168 fnt6 645 13122(i)m 240 fnt4 773 13201(:)m +240 fnt6 903 13209(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 13116(1)m 240 fnt4 +1164 13201(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 13209(H)m 168 fnt4 1454 13116(2)m +240 fnt4 1546 13201(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt6 +2058 13209(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 13122(n)m 240 fnt6 480 12921(/)m +480 12633(C)m 168 fnt6 645 12546(i)m 168 fnt4 711 12540(+)m +824(1)s 240 fnt4 974 12625(:)m 240 fnt6 1104 12633(H)m +168 fnt4 1287 12540(1)m 240 fnt4 1365 12625(,)m 240 fnt6 +1472 12633(H)m 168 fnt4 1655 12540(2)m 240 fnt4 1747 12625(,)m +1854(\274)s 2152(,)s 240 fnt6 2259 12633(H)m 168 fnt6 +2442 12546(n)m 240 fnt1 0 12089(which)m 642(may)s 1108(be)s +1391(read:)s 1908(`If)s 2217(ordinary)s 3082(component)s 240 fnt6 +4206 12091(C)m 168 fnt6 4371 12035(i)m 240 fnt1 4475 12089(has)m +4846(header)s 5543(component)s 6667(sequence)s 240 fnt6 7601 12091(H)m +168 fnt4 7784 12029(1)m 240 fnt4 7862 12083(,)m 240 fnt6 +7969 12091(H)m 168 fnt4 8152 12028(2)m 240 fnt4 8244 12083(,)m +8351(\274)s 8649(,)s 240 fnt6 8756 12091(H)m 168 fnt6 +8939 12035(n)m 240 fnt1 9019 12089(,)m 0 11801(then)m 468(its)s +742(successor)s 1717(component)s 240 fnt6 2839 11803(C)m 168 fnt6 +3004 11747(i)m 168 fnt4 3070 11741(+)m 3183(1)s 240 fnt1 +3308 11801(has)m 3676(header)s 4372(component)s 5494(sequence)s 240 fnt6 +6426 11803(H)m 168 fnt4 6609 11741(1)m 240 fnt4 6687 11795(,)m +240 fnt6 6794 11803(H)m 168 fnt4 6977 11740(2)m 240 fnt4 +7069 11795(,)m 7176(\274)s 7474(,)s 240 fnt6 7581 11803(H)m +168 fnt6 7764 11747(n)m 240 fnt1 7902 11801(also.)m 16(')k +8501(Using)s 0 11513(this)m 396(notation,)s 1287(we)s 1622(may)s 2088(no)s 6(w)k 2549(de\207ne)s 3190(the)s 3538(four)s 3996(symbols)s 4845(that)s 5263(af)s 6(fect)k 5859(header)s -6556(component)s 7680(sequences:)s 240 fnt6 480 11015(C)m 167 fnt6 -645 10928(i)m 240 fnt4 773 11007(:)m 240 fnt6 903 11015(H)m -167 fnt4 1086 10923(1)m 240 fnt4 1163 11007(,)m 240 fnt6 -1270 11015(H)m 167 fnt4 1453 10923(2)m 240 fnt4 1544 11007(,)m -1651(\274)s 1949(,)s 240 fnt6 2056 11015(H)m 167 fnt6 -2239 10928(n)m 240 fnt6 480 10727(/)m 480 10439(gap)m 220 fnt2 -905 10434(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 3609 10439(H)m 167 fnt6 3792 10352(n)m -167 fnt4 3893 10347(+)m 4005(1)s 240 fnt6 480 10151(/)m -480 9863(C)m 167 fnt6 645 9776(i)m 167 fnt4 711 9771(+)m -823(1)s 240 fnt4 972 9855(:)m 240 fnt6 1102 9863(H)m -167 fnt4 1285 9771(1)m 240 fnt4 1362 9855(,)m 240 fnt6 -1469 9863(H)m 167 fnt4 1652 9771(2)m 240 fnt4 1743 9855(,)m -1850(\274)s 2148(,)s 240 fnt6 2255 9863(H)m 167 fnt6 -2438 9776(n)m 240 fnt4 2529 9855(,)m 240 fnt6 2636 9863(H)m -167 fnt6 2819 9776(n)m 167 fnt4 2920 9771(+)m 3032(1)s -240 fnt1 0 9320(That)m 478(is,)s 220 fnt2 723 9317(@BeginHeaderComponent)m -240 fnt1 3394 9320(occup)m 2(ying)k 4422(an)s 4684(entire)s - -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_head_2 /DEST pdfmark +6556(component)s 7680(sequences:)s 240 fnt6 480 11014(C)m 168 fnt6 +645 10927(i)m 240 fnt4 773 11006(:)m 240 fnt6 903 11014(H)m +168 fnt4 1086 10921(1)m 240 fnt4 1164 11006(,)m 240 fnt6 +1271 11014(H)m 168 fnt4 1454 10921(2)m 240 fnt4 1546 11006(,)m +1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt6 2058 11014(H)m 168 fnt6 +2241 10927(n)m 240 fnt6 480 10726(/)m 480 10438(gap)m 220 fnt2 +905 10433(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 3609 10438(H)m 168 fnt6 3792 10351(n)m +168 fnt4 3894 10345(+)m 4007(1)s 240 fnt6 480 10150(/)m +480 9862(C)m 168 fnt6 645 9775(i)m 168 fnt4 711 9769(+)m +824(1)s 240 fnt4 974 9854(:)m 240 fnt6 1104 9862(H)m +168 fnt4 1287 9769(1)m 240 fnt4 1365 9854(,)m 240 fnt6 +1472 9862(H)m 168 fnt4 1655 9769(2)m 240 fnt4 1747 9854(,)m +1854(\274)s 2152(,)s 240 fnt6 2259 9862(H)m 168 fnt6 +2442 9775(n)m 240 fnt4 2534 9854(,)m 240 fnt6 2641 9862(H)m +168 fnt6 2824 9775(n)m 168 fnt4 2926 9769(+)m 3039(1)s +240 fnt1 0 9318(That)m 478(is,)s 220 fnt2 723 9315(@BeginHeaderComponent)m +240 fnt1 3394 9318(occup)m 2(ying)k 4422(an)s 4684(entire)s + +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_2 /DEST pdfmark 5263(component)s 6366(appends)s 7181(a)s 7326(header)s 8002(component)s -0 9032(to)m 255(the)s 619(sequence)s 1568(of)s 1856(the)s +0 9030(to)m 255(the)s 619(sequence)s 1568(of)s 1856(the)s 2220(follo)s 6(wing)k 3213(ordinary)s 4093(components.)s 5431(When)s -6076(printed,)s 6876(this)s 7288(header)s 8002(component)s 0 8744(is)m -217(separated)s 1184(by)s 240 fnt6 1485 8746(gap)m 240 fnt1 -1905 8744(from)m 2436(the)s 2792(follo)s 6(wing)k 3776(component;)s -4959(if)s 240 fnt6 5183 8746(gap)m 240 fnt1 5603 8744(is)m -5820(empty)s 6480(it)s 6679(denotes)s 220 fnt2 7468 8741(0ie)m -240 fnt1 7819 8744(as)m 8076(usual)s 8644(with)s 0 8456(concatenation)m +6076(printed,)s 6876(this)s 7288(header)s 8002(component)s 0 8742(is)m +217(separated)s 1184(by)s 240 fnt6 1485 8744(gap)m 240 fnt1 +1905 8742(from)m 2436(the)s 2792(follo)s 6(wing)k 3776(component;)s +4959(if)s 240 fnt6 5183 8744(gap)m 240 fnt1 5603 8742(is)m +5820(empty)s 6480(it)s 6679(denotes)s 220 fnt2 7468 8739(0ie)m +240 fnt1 7819 8742(as)m 8076(usual)s 8644(with)s 0 8454(concatenation)m 1391(g)s 1(aps.)k 2000(The)s 2434(appearance)s 3572(of)s 3850(the)s 4204(header)s 4908(component)s 6039(will)s 6471(be)s 6760(e)s 3(xactly)k 7508(as)s 7764(it)s 7963(w)s 2(ould)k -8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 8168(been)m 509(had)s +8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 8166(been)m 509(had)s 913(it)s 1105(occurred)s 1999(alone)s 2573(at)s 2805(that)s 3223(point,)s 3822(rather)s 4438(than)s 4907(after)s 220 fnt2 -5403 8165(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 8035 8168(.)m 480 7794(Ne)m 3(xt)k -1002(comes)s 220 fnt2 1664 7791(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4126 7794(:)m -240 fnt6 480 7299(C)m 167 fnt6 645 7212(i)m 240 fnt4 -773 7291(:)m 240 fnt6 903 7299(H)m 167 fnt4 1086 7207(1)m -240 fnt4 1163 7291(,)m 240 fnt6 1270 7299(H)m 167 fnt4 -1453 7207(2)m 240 fnt4 1544 7291(,)m 1651(\274)s 1949(,)s -240 fnt6 2056 7299(H)m 167 fnt6 2239 7212(n)m 240 fnt4 -2330 7291(,)m 240 fnt6 2437 7299(H)m 167 fnt6 2620 7212(n)m -167 fnt4 2721 7207(+)m 2833(1)s 240 fnt6 480 7011(/)m -220 fnt2 480 6718(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 480 6435(/)m 480 6147(C)m -167 fnt6 645 6060(i)m 167 fnt4 711 6055(+)m 823(1)s -240 fnt4 972 6139(:)m 240 fnt6 1102 6147(H)m 167 fnt4 -1285 6055(1)m 240 fnt4 1362 6139(,)m 240 fnt6 1469 6147(H)m -167 fnt4 1652 6055(2)m 240 fnt4 1743 6139(,)m 1850(\274)s -2148(,)s 240 fnt6 2255 6147(H)m 167 fnt6 2438 6060(n)m -240 fnt1 0 5604(That)m 520(is,)s 220 fnt2 809 5601(@EndHeaderComponent)m -240 fnt1 3353 5604(\(which)m 4097(has)s 4490(no)s 4805(parameters\))s +5403 8163(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 8035 8166(.)m 480 7792(Ne)m 3(xt)k +1002(comes)s 220 fnt2 1664 7789(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4126 7792(:)m +240 fnt6 480 7297(C)m 168 fnt6 645 7210(i)m 240 fnt4 +773 7289(:)m 240 fnt6 903 7297(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 7204(1)m +240 fnt4 1164 7289(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 7297(H)m 168 fnt4 +1454 7204(2)m 240 fnt4 1546 7289(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s +240 fnt6 2058 7297(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 7210(n)m 240 fnt4 +2333 7289(,)m 240 fnt6 2440 7297(H)m 168 fnt6 2623 7210(n)m +168 fnt4 2725 7204(+)m 2838(1)s 240 fnt6 480 7009(/)m +220 fnt2 480 6716(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 480 6433(/)m 480 6145(C)m +168 fnt6 645 6058(i)m 168 fnt4 711 6052(+)m 824(1)s +240 fnt4 974 6137(:)m 240 fnt6 1104 6145(H)m 168 fnt4 +1287 6052(1)m 240 fnt4 1365 6137(,)m 240 fnt6 1472 6145(H)m +168 fnt4 1655 6052(2)m 240 fnt4 1747 6137(,)m 1854(\274)s +2152(,)s 240 fnt6 2259 6145(H)m 168 fnt6 2442 6058(n)m +240 fnt1 0 5601(That)m 520(is,)s 220 fnt2 809 5598(@EndHeaderComponent)m +240 fnt1 3353 5601(\(which)m 4097(has)s 4490(no)s 4805(parameters\))s 6003(occup)s 2(ying)k 7074(an)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_head_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_3 /DEST pdfmark 7380(entire)s 8002(component)s -0 5316(deletes)m 722(the)s 1078(last)s 1477(header)s 2182(component.)s +0 5313(deletes)m 722(the)s 1078(last)s 1477(header)s 2182(component.)s 3418(If)s 3656(the)s 4012(sequence)s 4953(is)s 5171(empty)s 15(,)k 5869(a)s 6043(w)s 2(arning)k 6886(message)s 7760(is)s -7978(printed)s 8722(and)s 0 5028(it)m 193(remains)s 1002(empty)s 15(.)k -220 fnt2 1751 5025(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4445 5028(and)m 220 fnt2 -4851 5025(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 7375 5028(are)m 7724(naturally)s 8629(used)s -0 4740(in)m 243(matching)s 1186(\(possibly)s 2117(nested\))s 2856(pairs,)s +7978(printed)s 8722(and)s 0 5025(it)m 193(remains)s 1002(empty)s 15(.)k +220 fnt2 1751 5022(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4445 5025(and)m 220 fnt2 +4851 5022(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 7375 5025(are)m 7724(naturally)s 8629(used)s +0 4737(in)m 243(matching)s 1186(\(possibly)s 2117(nested\))s 2856(pairs,)s 3427(to)s 3666(introduce)s 4625(and)s 5029(subsequently)s 6333(retract)s -7001(a)s 7167(header)s 7864(component.)s 480 4366(Ne)m 3(xt)k -1002(comes)s 220 fnt2 1664 4363(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4065 4366(:)m -240 fnt6 480 3871(C)m 167 fnt6 645 3784(i)m 240 fnt4 -773 3863(:)m 240 fnt6 903 3871(H)m 167 fnt4 1086 3779(1)m -240 fnt4 1163 3863(,)m 240 fnt6 1270 3871(H)m 167 fnt4 -1453 3779(2)m 240 fnt4 1544 3863(,)m 1651(\274)s 1949(,)s -240 fnt6 2056 3871(H)m 167 fnt6 2239 3784(n)m 240 fnt6 -480 3583(/)m 480 3295(gap)m 220 fnt2 905 3290(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 -3378 3295(H)m 167 fnt6 3561 3208(n)m 167 fnt4 3662 3203(+)m -3774(1)s 240 fnt6 480 3007(/)m 480 2719(C)m 167 fnt6 -645 2632(i)m 167 fnt4 711 2627(+)m 823(1)s 240 fnt4 -972 2711(:)m 240 fnt6 1102 2719(H)m 167 fnt6 1285 2632(n)m -167 fnt4 1386 2627(+)m 1498(1)s 220 fnt2 0 2173(@SetHeaderComponent)m -240 fnt1 2461 2176(clears)m 3068(an)s 3(y)k 3465(current)s +7001(a)s 7167(header)s 7864(component.)s 480 4363(Ne)m 3(xt)k +1002(comes)s 220 fnt2 1664 4360(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4065 4363(:)m +240 fnt6 480 3868(C)m 168 fnt6 645 3781(i)m 240 fnt4 +773 3860(:)m 240 fnt6 903 3868(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 3775(1)m +240 fnt4 1164 3860(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 3868(H)m 168 fnt4 +1454 3775(2)m 240 fnt4 1546 3860(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s +240 fnt6 2058 3868(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 3781(n)m 240 fnt6 +480 3580(/)m 480 3292(gap)m 220 fnt2 905 3287(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 +3378 3292(H)m 168 fnt6 3561 3205(n)m 168 fnt4 3663 3199(+)m +3776(1)s 240 fnt6 480 3004(/)m 480 2716(C)m 168 fnt6 +645 2629(i)m 168 fnt4 711 2623(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt4 +974 2708(:)m 240 fnt6 1104 2716(H)m 168 fnt6 1287 2629(n)m +168 fnt4 1389 2623(+)m 1502(1)s 220 fnt2 0 2169(@SetHeaderComponent)m +240 fnt1 2461 2172(clears)m 3068(an)s 3(y)k 3465(current)s 4201(header)s 4898(components)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_head_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_4 /DEST pdfmark 6107(and)s 6511(replaces)s 7344(them)s -7882(by)s 8176(one)s 8578(of)s 8850(its)s 0 1888(o)m 6(wn.)k +7882(by)s 8176(one)s 8578(of)s 8850(its)s 0 1884(o)m 6(wn.)k 571(Finally)s 1302(we)s 1637(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -220 fnt2 2138 1885(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4733 1888(:)m 240 fnt6 -480 1389(C)m 167 fnt6 645 1302(i)m 240 fnt4 773 1381(:)m -240 fnt6 903 1389(H)m 167 fnt4 1086 1297(1)m 240 fnt4 -1163 1381(,)m 240 fnt6 1270 1389(H)m 167 fnt4 1453 1297(2)m -240 fnt4 1544 1381(,)m 1651(\274)s 1949(,)s 240 fnt6 -2056 1389(H)m 167 fnt6 2239 1302(n)m 240 fnt6 480 1101(/)m -220 fnt2 480 808(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 480 525(/)m 480 237(C)m -167 fnt6 645 150(i)m 167 fnt4 711 145(+)m 823(1)s -240 fnt4 972 229(:)m +220 fnt2 2138 1881(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4733 1884(:)m 240 fnt6 +480 1385(C)m 168 fnt6 645 1298(i)m 240 fnt4 773 1377(:)m +240 fnt6 903 1385(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 1292(1)m 240 fnt4 +1164 1377(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 1385(H)m 168 fnt4 1454 1292(2)m +240 fnt4 1546 1377(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt6 +2058 1385(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 1298(n)m 240 fnt6 480 1097(/)m +220 fnt2 480 804(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 480 521(/)m 480 233(C)m +168 fnt6 645 146(i)m 168 fnt4 711 140(+)m 824(1)s +240 fnt4 974 225(:)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate @@ -16215,7 +16229,7 @@ grestore 0 12917(This)m 466(symbol)s 1216(clears)s 1813(an)s 3(y)k 2200(header)s 2886(components,)s 4140(lea)s 4(ving)k 4883(the)s 5221(sequence)s 6143(empty)s 15(.)k 6880(These)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_head_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_5 /DEST pdfmark 7497(last)s 7878(tw)s 2(o)k 8277(symbols)s 0 12629(combine)m 879(less)s 1286(cleanly)s 2029(than)s 2496(the)s 2843(\207rst)s 3272(tw)s 2(o)k @@ -16267,7 +16281,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTnotrevealed /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 7786(The)m 220 fnt2 938 7783(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 2495 7786(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_notr_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_notr_1 /DEST pdfmark 3285(e)s 3(x)k 3(erts)k 3931(\207ne)s 4376(control)s 5138(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 5647(the)s 6026(process)s 6824(of)s 7125(e)s 3(xpanding)k @@ -16505,7 +16519,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTtagged /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 994(The)m 220 fnt2 924 991(@T)m 26(agged)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_tagg_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_tagg_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1929 994(symbol)m 2705(tak)s 2(es)k 3261(a)s 3444(cross)s 4002(reference)s 4961(for)s 5315(its)s 5607(left)s 6001(parameter)s 7031(and)s 7451(an)s 7750(object,)s 8458(whose)s @@ -16595,7 +16609,7 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTopen /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11935(The)m 220 fnt2 904 11932(@Open)m 240 fnt1 1706 11935(symbol)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_open_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_open_1 /DEST pdfmark 2462(tak)s 2(es)k 2998(a)s 3159(cross)s 3697(reference)s 4636(or)s 4891(symbol)s 5647(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6696(for)s 7030(its)s 7302(left)s 7675(parameter)s 9(,)k @@ -16622,7 +16636,7 @@ grestore 7268 10495(will)m 7695(be)s 7978(una)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 0 10207(within)m 668(the)s 220 fnt2 1016 10204(@Open)m 240 fnt1 1762 10207(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_open_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_open_2 /DEST pdfmark 538 9833(The)m 220 fnt2 963 9830(@Use)m 240 fnt1 1625 9833(symbol)m 2382(is)s 2589(an)s 220 fnt2 2869 9830(@Open)m 240 fnt1 3672 9833(symbol)m 4429(in)s 4669(a)s 4832(dif)s 6(ferent)k @@ -16656,9 +16670,9 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 3107(The)m 949(tw)s 2(o)k 1400(symbols)s 220 fnt2 2290 3104(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 3703 3107(and)m 220 fnt2 4148 3104(@LinkDest)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_link_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_link_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_link_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_link_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 5322 3107(w)m 2(ork)k 5914(together)s 6798(to)s 7078(create)s 240 fnt6 7744 3109(cr)m 10(oss)k 8335(links)s 240 fnt1 @@ -16950,7 +16964,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt5 0 11401(3.42.)m 591(@Database and @SysDatabase)s [ /Dest /LOUTdatabase /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_data_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 529 10924(The)m 220 fnt2 945 10921(@Database)m 240 fnt1 2148 10924(symbol)m 2896(is)s 3095(used)s 3580(to)s 3808(declare)s 4541(the)s 4877(e)s 3(xistence)k @@ -16989,7 +17003,7 @@ grestore 7875(in)s 8118(braces.)s 480 7535(Basser)m 1198(Lout)s 1732(constructs)s 2773(an)s 240 fnt6 3078 7537(inde)m 4(x)k 3674(\207le)s 240 fnt1 3959 7535(,)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_data_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_2 /DEST pdfmark 4087(which)s 4751(in)s 5016(this)s 5433(e)s 3(xample)k 6318(is)s 6550(called)s 220 fnt2 7199 7532(standard.li)m 240 fnt1 8196 7535(,)m 8325(the)s 8695(\207rst)s @@ -17010,15 +17024,15 @@ grestore 7689(a)s 7888(sequence)s 8855(of)s 0 5721(standard)m 868(places.)s 1629(T)s 19(o)k 1929(search)s 2596(the)s 2944(standard)s 3812(places)s 4460(only)s 15(,)k 4978(use)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_data_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 5353 5718(@SysDatabase)m 240 fnt1 6873 5721(.)m 240 fnt5 0 4928(3.43.)m 591(@Graphic)s [ /Dest /LOUTgraphic /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_grap_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 556 4451(Lout)m 1084(does)s 1590(not)s 1972(pro)s 3(vide)k 2772(the)s 3136(v)s 6(ast)k 3592(repertoire)s 4591(of)s 4878(graphical)s 5838(objects)s 6582(\(lines,)s @@ -17028,7 +17042,7 @@ grestore 6280(other)s 6823(language)s 7734(that)s 8144(does)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 3875(these)m 547(features,)s 1409(via)s 1761(its)s 220 fnt2 2037 3872(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 3081 3875(symbol:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_grap_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3377({ 0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k 480 3089( 0 ysiz)m 3(e lineto)k 480 2801( xsiz)m 3(e ysiz)k 3(e lineto)k 480 2513( xsiz)m 3(e 0 lineto)k @@ -17444,7 +17458,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3600 12410(The)m 4028(pen)s 4431(will)s 4857(dra)s 3(w)k 5386(lines)s 5888(of)s 6159(the)s 6507(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7087(width.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_grap_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_grap_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1553 11902([)m 240 fnt6 1668 11907(length)m 220 fnt2 2321 11902(])m 2430(0)s 2605(setdash)s 240 fnt1 3600 11905(The)m 4034(pen)s 4444(will)s 4876(dra)s 3(w)k @@ -17452,7 +17466,7 @@ grestore 7648(do)s 6(wn,)k 8289(with)s 8778(the)s 3600 11617(dashes)m 4289(each)s 4784(of)s 5055(the)s 5403(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5983(length.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 11114(These)m 627(options)s 1383(are)s 1730(follo)s 6(wed)k 2632(by)s 2926(the)s 3274(w)s 2(ord)k 220 fnt2 3822 11111(strok)m 4(e)k 240 fnt1 4408 11114(.)m 4572(So,)s @@ -17515,7 +17529,7 @@ grestore [ /Rect [6415 569 6521 737] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 6415(5)s 6521(,)s 6649(Chapter)s 7488(9],)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_grap_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_4 /DEST pdfmark 7815(to)s 8076(be)s 8379(sure)s 8855(of)s 0 284(a)m 4(v)k 4(oiding)k 883(these)s 1430(errors.)s @@ -17631,7 +17645,7 @@ grestore 591(@PlainGraphic)s [ /Dest /LOUTplaingraphic /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_plai_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_plai_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 567 6807(The)m 220 fnt2 1023 6804(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 2580 6807(symbol)m 3368(is)s 3606(a)s 4(v)k 3(ery)k 4211(rudimentary)s 5461(analogue)s 6408(for)s 6774(plain)s 7337(te)s 3(xt)k @@ -17652,11 +17666,11 @@ grestore 2932(@SysIncludeGraphic)s [ /Dest /LOUTincludegraphic /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incg_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incg_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incg_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 540 3665(These)m 1167(symbols)s 2016(instruct)s 2792(Lout)s 3304(to)s 3543(incorporate)s 4687(a)s 4853(separately)s 5875(created)s 6622(illustration:)s 220 fnt2 480 3164(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic "m)k 3(ypor)k -8(tr)k 2(ait.eps")k @@ -17782,11 +17796,11 @@ grestore 0 10886(3.46.)m 591(@IncludeGraphicRepeated)s 3445(and)s 3886(@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated)s [ /Dest /LOUTincludegraphicrepeated /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incr_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incr_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incr_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 548 10409(These)m 1183(symbols,)s 2097(which)s 2747(are)s 3103(allo)s 6(wed)k 3920(only)s 4409(at)s 4649(the)s 5006(start)s 5484(of)s @@ -17874,11 +17888,11 @@ grestore 0 2023(3.47.)m 591(@Pr)s 4(ependGraphic and @SysPr)k 4(ependGraphic)k [ /Dest /LOUTprependgraphic /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_prep_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_prep_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_prep_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 582 1546(These)m 1252(symbols,)s 2200(which)s 2885(may)s 3394(appear)s 4134(an)s 3(ywhere)k 5160(that)s 5621(a)s 5830(de\207nition)s @@ -17990,9 +18004,9 @@ grestore 240 fnt5 0 10310(3.48.)m 591(@Include and @SysInclude)s [ /Dest /LOUTinclude /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incl_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incl_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_incl_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incl_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 562 9833(These)m 1212(symbols)s 2083(instruct)s 2882(Lout)s 3417(to)s 3678(temporarily)s 4869(switch)s 5572(to)s 5834(reading)s 6627(another)s 7426(\207le,)s @@ -18068,7 +18082,7 @@ grestore 5172(ends)s [ /Dest /LOUTbackend /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_bend_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_bend_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 547 1253(The)m 220 fnt2 983 1250(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 2136 1253(symbol,)m 2955(which)s 3605(tak)s 2(es)k 4153(no)s 4454(parameters,)s 5615(has)s 5993(for)s 6339(its)s @@ -18245,9 +18259,9 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTverbatim /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_verb_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_verb_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_verb_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_verb_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 543 1677(These)m 1173(symbols)s 2026(instruct)s 2805(Lout)s 3321(to)s 3563(read)s 4036(the)s 4387(follo)s 6(wing)k 5367(te)s 3(xt)k 5786(\(enclosed)s 6763(in)s 7010(braces\))s @@ -18349,7 +18363,7 @@ grestore 0 8466(3.51.)m 591(@Underline)s [ /Dest /LOUTunderline /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_unde_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_unde_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 533 8034(The)m 220 fnt2 953 8031(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 2160 8034(symbol)m 2912(underlines)s 3951(its)s 4219(right)s 4722(parameter)s 9(,)k 5767(b)s 4(ut)k @@ -18410,7 +18424,7 @@ grestore 0 860(3.52.)m 591(@P)s 2(ageLabel)k [ /Dest /LOUTpagelabel /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_page_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_page_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 533 383(The)m 220 fnt2 953 380(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt1 2255 383(symbol)m 3007(associates)s 4005(a)s 4164(page)s 4664(label)s 5176(in)s @@ -18597,7 +18611,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 8650(In)m 751(this)s 1162(section)s 1911(we)s 2261(describe)s 3128(the)s 3491(design)s 4189(and)s 4608(implementation)s 6180(of)s 6466(the)s 6829(Eq)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_1 /DEST pdfmark 7168(equation)s 8065(formatting)s 0 8362(package.)m 976(Equation)s 1925(formatting)s 3014(mak)s 2(es)k 3702(a)s 3896(natural)s 4642(\207rst)s 5101(e)s 3(xample,)k @@ -18630,27 +18644,27 @@ grestore [ /Rect [5571 5883 5675 6048] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkernighan1975eqn /ANN pdfmark 5571(3)s 5675(]:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_2 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5385(@Eq { { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } o)m 3(v)k 5(er 2 })k 240 fnt1 -0 4887(The)m 428(result)s 1018(is)s 167 fnt4 586 4484(2)m -240 fnt6 480 4424(x)m 240 fnt4 737 4416(+)m 167 fnt4 -1040 4484(2)m 240 fnt6 938 4424(y)m 639 0 0 0 240 288 12 480 4326 LoutGr2 +0 4887(The)m 428(result)s 1018(is)s 168 fnt4 586 4482(2)m +240 fnt6 480 4422(x)m 240 fnt4 738 4414(+)m 168 fnt4 +1041 4482(2)m 240 fnt6 939 4422(y)m 641 0 0 0 240 288 12 480 4324 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.05 ft setlinewidth stroke grestore grestore -240 fnt4 742 4098(2)m -240 fnt1 0 3587(In)m 256(outline,)s 1027(the)s 1375(de\207nition)s -2349(of)s 2620(the)s 220 fnt2 2968 3584(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 -3506 3587(symbol)m 4266(is)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_4 /DEST pdfmark -220 fnt2 480 3090(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t sup o)k 3(v)k 5(er "+" "2" "<=")k -480 2802(def @Eq)m 480 2514( body @Body)m 480 2226({)m 480 1938( def sup precedence 60 left x r)m -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k -480 1650( def o)m 3(v)k 5(er precedence 54 left x r)k -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k -480 1362( def "2" { Base @F)m 6(ont "2" })k 480 1074( def "+" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "+" })k 480 786( def "<=" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "\\243" })k -480 498( ...)m +240 fnt4 743 4096(2)m +240 fnt1 0 3585(In)m 256(outline,)s 1027(the)s 1375(de\207nition)s +2349(of)s 2620(the)s 220 fnt2 2968 3582(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 +3506 3585(symbol)m 4266(is)s +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_4 /DEST pdfmark +220 fnt2 480 3088(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t sup o)k 3(v)k 5(er "+" "2" "<=")k +480 2800(def @Eq)m 480 2512( body @Body)m 480 2224({)m 480 1936( def sup precedence 60 left x r)m -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k +480 1648( def o)m 3(v)k 5(er precedence 54 left x r)k -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k +480 1360( def "2" { Base @F)m 6(ont "2" })k 480 1072( def "+" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "+" })k 480 784( def "<=" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "\\243" })k +480 496( ...)m grestore gsave 1417 -14865 translate @@ -18757,7 +18771,7 @@ grestore 6428(e)s 3(xample,)k 7356(the)s 7719(superscripting)s 0 9085(symbol)m 760(is)s 970(de\207ned)s 1733(as)s 1983(follo)s 6(ws:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 8586(def sup)m 480 8298( precedence 60)m 480 8010( associativity left)m 480 7722( left x)m 480 7434( named gap { @SupGap })m 480 7146( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 6858({)m 480 6570( @HContr)m 2(act @VContr)k 2(act {)k 480 6282( | @Smaller y)m 480 5994( ^/gap x)m 480 5706( })m 480 5418(})m 240 fnt1 @@ -18784,7 +18798,7 @@ grestore 6457(and)s 6865(assists)s 7529(when)s 8109(tuning)s 8778(the)s 0 3484(v)m 6(alues.)k 769(Here)s 1289(is)s 1499(another)s 2276(characteristic)s 3600(de\207nition:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_6 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3034(def o)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 480 2746( precedence 54)m 480 2458( associativity left)m 480 2170( left x)m 480 1882( named gap { 0.2f })m 480 1594( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 1306({)m 480 1018( @HContr)m 2(act @VContr)k 2(act {)k 480 730( |0.5r)m -8(t @OneCol x)k @@ -18874,7 +18888,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3690 11564(is)m 3900(a)s 4066(horizontal)s 5090(line)s 5504(of)s 5775(the)s 6123(width)s 6725(of)s 6996(the)s 7344(column:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11063(def @HLine)m 480 10775( named line { "0.05 ft setline)m 4(width" })k 480 10487({ )m 480 10199( { "0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto" line "strok)k 4(e" } @Gr)k 2(aphic {})k 480 9911(})m 240 fnt1 0 9417(Here)m 520(we)s 855(are)s @@ -18889,7 +18903,7 @@ grestore [ /Rect [7208 8752 7321 8919] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark 7208(6)s 7321(].)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_equa_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_8 /DEST pdfmark 480 8381(Some)m 1090(symbols,)s 2004(such)s 2509(as)s 240 fnt4 2768 8375(\243)m 240 fnt1 2963 8381(and)m 240 fnt4 3376 8375(\271)m 240 fnt1 3505 8381(,)m 3621(should)s 4327(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k @@ -18903,60 +18917,60 @@ grestore 7854(be)s 8129(easy)s 8601(to)s 8833(do)s 0 7805(e)m 3(xcept)k 681(that)s 1099(these)s 1646(spaces)s 2321(are)s 2668(not)s 3034(w)s 2(anted)k 3781(in)s 4024(superscripts)s 5216(and)s -5620(subscripts:)s 167 fnt6 578 7359(n)m 167 fnt4 679 7354(+)m -791(1)s 240 fnt6 480 7261(r)m 240 fnt4 928 7253(-)m -1128(1)s 240 fnt1 0 6802(In)m 271(ef)s 6(fect,)k +5620(subscripts:)s 168 fnt6 578 7358(n)m 168 fnt4 680 7352(+)m +793(1)s 240 fnt6 480 7260(r)m 240 fnt4 931 7252(-)m +1131(1)s 240 fnt1 0 6801(In)m 271(ef)s 6(fect,)k 929(the)s 1292(de\207nition)s 2281(of)s 2568(such)s 3079(symbols)s 3943(changes)s 4780(depending)s 5846(on)s 6159(the)s 6522(conte)s 3(xt;)k 7350(b)s 4(ut)k 7727(Lout)s 8254(does)s 8760(not)s -0 6514(permit)m 682(such)s 1176(a)s 1340(change.)s 2180(Luckily)s 15(,)k +0 6513(permit)m 682(such)s 1176(a)s 1340(change.)s 2180(Luckily)s 15(,)k 3015(the)s 3361(so-called)s 4279(`style')s 4919(information)s 6102(set)s -6426(by)s 6718(the)s 220 fnt2 7064 6511(@F)m 6(ont)k -240 fnt1 7716 6514(,)m 220 fnt2 7821 6511(@Break)m 240 fnt1 -8617 6514(,)m 8722(and)s 220 fnt2 0 6223(@Space)m 240 fnt1 -891 6226(symbols)m 1734(can)s 2116(change)s 2844(in)s 3080(this)s +6426(by)s 6718(the)s 220 fnt2 7064 6510(@F)m 6(ont)k +240 fnt1 7716 6513(,)m 220 fnt2 7821 6510(@Break)m 240 fnt1 +8617 6513(,)m 8722(and)s 220 fnt2 0 6222(@Space)m 240 fnt1 +891 6225(symbols)m 1734(can)s 2116(change)s 2844(in)s 3080(this)s 3470(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 4009(Accordingly)s 15(,)k -5291(Eq)s 5608(uses)s 6065(the)s 220 fnt2 6406 6223(y)m -240 fnt1 6568 6226(unit,)m 7040(which)s 7676(is)s 7879(part)s -8304(of)s 8568(style,)s 0 5938(for)m 338(these)s 885(spaces:)s -220 fnt2 480 5437(def @MedGap { 0.20y })m 480 4861(def "+" { &@MedGap plus &@MedGap })m 480 4285(def @HSqueez)m 3(e r)k -3(ight x { 0.2f @YUnit x })k -240 fnt1 0 3786(In)m 261(the)s 615(equation)s 1502(as)s +5291(Eq)s 5608(uses)s 6065(the)s 220 fnt2 6406 6222(y)m +240 fnt1 6568 6225(unit,)m 7040(which)s 7676(is)s 7879(part)s +8304(of)s 8568(style,)s 0 5937(for)m 338(these)s 885(spaces:)s +220 fnt2 480 5436(def @MedGap { 0.20y })m 480 4860(def "+" { &@MedGap plus &@MedGap })m 480 4284(def @HSqueez)m 3(e r)k -3(ight x { 0.2f @YUnit x })k +240 fnt1 0 3785(In)m 261(the)s 615(equation)s 1502(as)s 1758(a)s 1929(whole,)s 2627(the)s 2981(y)s 3161(unit)s 3599(is)s 3814(initially)s 4616(set)s 4947(to)s 220 fnt2 -5192 3783(1f)m 240 fnt1 5372 3786(,)m 5484(and)s 5894(so)s -220 fnt2 6166 3783(@MedGap)m 240 fnt1 7289 3786(ordinarily)m 8291(supplies)s -0 3498(20%)m 495(of)s 777(this)s 1184(amount.)s 2077(But)s +5192 3782(1f)m 240 fnt1 5372 3785(,)m 5484(and)s 5894(so)s +220 fnt2 6166 3782(@MedGap)m 240 fnt1 7289 3785(ordinarily)m 8291(supplies)s +0 3497(20%)m 495(of)s 777(this)s 1184(amount.)s 2077(But)s 2494(superscripts)s 3697(and)s 4112(subscripts)s 5130(are)s 5488(enclosed)s -6394(in)s 6648(the)s 220 fnt2 7007 3495(@HSqueez)m 3(e)k -240 fnt1 8314 3498(symbol,)m 0 3210(which,)m 744(by)s 1091(changing)s +6394(in)s 6648(the)s 220 fnt2 7007 3494(@HSqueez)m 3(e)k +240 fnt1 8314 3497(symbol,)m 0 3209(which,)m 744(by)s 1091(changing)s 2075(the)s 2476(y)s 2703(unit,)s 3235(ensures)s 4056(that)s -4527(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt2 4977 3207(@MedGap)m 240 fnt1 -6147 3210(within)m 6868(them)s 7459(is)s 7722(much)s 8364(smaller)s -0 2922(than)m 469(usual.)s 240 fnt5 0 2179(4.2.)m 471(P)s 2(aragraphs,)k +4527(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt2 4977 3206(@MedGap)m 240 fnt1 +6147 3209(within)m 6868(them)s 7459(is)s 7722(much)s 8364(smaller)s +0 2921(than)m 469(usual.)s 240 fnt5 0 2178(4.2.)m 471(P)s 2(aragraphs,)k 1780(displays,)s 2718(and)s 3159(lists)s [ /Dest /LOUTparas /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 1702(The)m +240 fnt1 480 1701(The)m 914(remaining)s 1942(sections)s 2770(of)s 3047(this)s 3449(chapter)s 4219(are)s 4572(all)s 4871(based)s 5481(on)s 5784(V)s 26(ersion)k -6578(2)s 6759(of)s 7036(the)s 7391(DocumentLayout)s 0 1414(package.)m +6578(2)s 6759(of)s 7036(the)s 7391(DocumentLayout)s 0 1413(package.)m 941(V)s 26(ersion)k 1722(3,)s 1942(which)s 2577(is)s 2779(similar)s 3494(b)s 4(ut)k 3849(more)s 4389(elaborate,)s 5364(is)s 5566(described)s 6533(from)s 7050(the)s 7391(user')s 13(s)k -7991(perspecti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 1126(in)m 250(the)s +7991(perspecti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 1125(in)m 250(the)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark 606(User')s 13(s)k 1275(Guide)s 1924([)s -[ /Rect [1995 1123 2101 1291] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1995 1122 2101 1290] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 1995(5)s 2101(].)s 2352(In)s 2616(26)s 2917(pages)s 3520(of)s 3799(Lout,)s 4366(the)s 4722(DocumentLaytout)s 6531(package)s 7379(de\207nes)s -8116(man)s 3(y)k 8707(fea-)s 0 838(tures)m 505(required)s +8116(man)s 3(y)k 8707(fea-)s 0 837(tures)m 505(required)s 1348(in)s 1581(the)s 1918(formatting)s 2968(of)s 3229(simple)s 3911(documents,)s 5045(technical)s 5951(reports,)s 6710(and)s 7104(books,)s -7773(including)s 8719(dis-)s 0 550(plays,)m 603(lists,)s 1085(page)s +7773(including)s 8719(dis-)s 0 549(plays,)m 603(lists,)s 1085(page)s 1584(layout,)s 2280(cross)s 2813(references,)s 3891(tables)s 4490(of)s 4752(contents,)s 5647(footnotes,)s 6635(\207gures,)s 7384(tables,)s 8039(references,)s -0 262(chapters,)m 903(sections,)s 1780(and)s 2184(sorted)s 2826(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es.)k +0 261(chapters,)m 903(sections,)s 1780(and)s 2184(sorted)s 2826(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es.)k grestore gsave @@ -19024,7 +19038,7 @@ grestore 480 13205(The)m 939(symbols)s 1819(used)s 2347(for)s 2716(separating)s 3782(paragraphs)s 4913(and)s 5348(producing)s 6403(displays)s 7269(and)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark 7704(lists)s 8170(may)s 8667(lack)s 0 12917(the)m 351(e)s 3(xcitement)k 1459(of)s 1733(more)s 2284(e)s 3(xotic)k 2921(features,)s 3786(b)s 4(ut)k @@ -19067,7 +19081,7 @@ grestore 7592(better)s 8195(placed)s 8876(as)s 0 8870(symbols,)m 905(possibly)s 1757(parameters)s 2855(of)s 3126(the)s 3474(enclosing)s 4444(package:)s 220 fnt2 480 8369(def @DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark 480 8081( named @P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap { 1.3vx })k 480 7793( named @P)m 8(ar)k 2(aIndent { 2f })k 480 7505( ...)m 480 7217(@Begin)m 480 6641( macro @PP { //@P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap @P)k 8(ar)k 2(aIndent @Wide &0i })k @@ -19079,7 +19093,7 @@ grestore 6170(DocumentLayout)s 7905(package.)s 480 4905(A)m 710(display)s 1455(is)s 1665(a)s 1831(table)s 2351(in)s 2594(which)s 3236(the)s 3584(\207rst)s 4015(column)s 4790(is)s 5000(blank:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 480 4402(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt2 480 4109(//@DispGap |@DispIndent)m 240 fnt6 3183 4114(display)m 220 fnt2 480 3821(//@DispGap)m @@ -19097,7 +19111,7 @@ grestore 5617(Lout)s 6179(source)s 6908(sho)s 6(wn)k 7635(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e;)k 8363(a)s 8579(more)s 0 1799(appropriate)m 1144(syntax)s 1824(is)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 480 1296(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt2 480 1003(@IndentedDispla)m 6(y {)k 240 fnt6 2514 1008(display)m 220 fnt2 3321 1003(})m 240 fnt6 480 720(following)m 1438(te)s 4(xt)k @@ -19204,9 +19218,9 @@ grestore 7519 6022(when)m 8094(there)s 8625(is)s 8833(no)s 0 5734(follo)m 6(wing)k 977(te)s 3(xt.)k 480 5360(An)m 858(automatically)s 2240(numbered)s 3283(list)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_6 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_7 /DEST pdfmark 3662(could)s 4280(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4809(an)s 5121(arbitrarily)s 6156(lar)s 4(ge)k 6713(number)s 7532(of)s 7831(items,)s 8483(so,)s 8832(by)s 0 5072(analogy)m @@ -19313,19 +19327,19 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 7571 12629(.)m 7735(This)s 8212(brings)s 8862(us)s 0 12341(to)m 239(the)s 587(de\207nitions)s 1648(as)s 1898(the)s 3(y)k 2361(appear)s 3058(in)s 3301(DocumentLayout:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_8 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11840(def @ItemPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 11552(def @ListItem into { @ItemPlace&&preceding })m 480 11264( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 10976({ x })m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 10484(def @EndListPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 10196(def @EndList f)m 6(orce into { @EndListPlace&&preceding })k 480 9908({})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 9416(def @Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k 480 9128( named style r)m -3(ight tag {})k 480 8840( named indent { @DispIndent })m 480 8552( named gap { @DispGap })m 480 8264( named star)m -8(t { 1 })k 480 7976({)m 480 7688( def @IList r)m -3(ight n)k 2(um)k 480 7400( {)m 480 7112( indent @Wide {style n)m 2(um} | @ItemPlace)k 480 6824( //gap @IList @Ne)m 6(xt n)k 2(um)k 480 6536( })m 480 5960( @IList star)m -8(t // @EndListPlace)k 480 5672(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 5178(No)m 6(w)k 514(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1094(the)s 1442(input)s 220 fnt2 480 4677(@Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k @@ -19439,7 +19453,7 @@ grestore 480 11466(macro @P)m 8(arenNumberedList { //@DispGap @Ra)k 4(wP)k 8(arenNumberedList //@DispGap })k 240 fnt1 0 10970(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 480 10596(Lists)m 994(numbered)s 2007(by)s 2300(Roman)s 3047(numerals)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_para_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_9 /DEST pdfmark 3973(present)s 4721(a)s 4886(problem,)s 5788(because)s 220 fnt2 6600 10593(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 7322 10596(will)m 7747(not)s 8111(increment)s 0 10308(Roman)m @@ -19474,9 +19488,9 @@ grestore [ /Dest /LOUTpagelayout /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 2608(The)m 921(page)s 1443(layout)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark 2115(de\207nitions)s 3190(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3783(in)s 4040(Section)s 4828(1.2,)s 5249(although)s 6158(correct,)s 6940(are)s 7301(v)s 3(ery)k @@ -19503,7 +19517,7 @@ grestore 6017(and)s 6420(refers)s 7012(to)s 7250(the)s 7597(mark)s 2(ed)k 8369(page)s 8876(as)s 220 fnt2 0 503(@P)m 8(ageOf intro)k 240 fnt1 1499 506(else)m 6(where:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -19571,15 +19585,15 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12919(def @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag { @Null })k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 12422(def @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12134({)m 480 11846( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x)k 480 11558(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 11066(def @P)m 8(ageOf r)k -3(ight x)k 480 10778({)m 480 10490( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 480 10202(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9708(W)m 19(e)k 385(will)s 828(see)s 1206(belo)s 6(w)k 1856(that)s 2291(an)s 2591(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3662(of)s 220 fnt2 @@ -19638,7 +19652,7 @@ grestore 4793(at)s 5015(the)s 5354(foot)s 5790(of)s 6052(the)s 6390(page)s 6889(for)s 7218(footnotes,)s 8205(preceded)s 0 597(by)m 294(a)s 460(short)s 998(horizontal)s 2022(line:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 96(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k grestore @@ -19709,11 +19723,11 @@ grestore 480 13207(def @F)m 6(ootList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12919({)m 480 12631( @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 12343( //@F)m 6(ootGap @F)k 6(ootList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12055(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark 480 11563(def @F)m 6(ootSect)k 480 11275({)m 480 10987( @F)m 6(ootLen @Wide @HLine)k 480 10699( //@F)m 6(ootGap @F)k 6(ootList 1 ||@F)k 6(ootLen)k 480 10411(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9917(Similarly)m 15(,)k 220 fnt2 988 9914(@ColF)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt1 2378 9917(and)m 220 fnt2 2791 9914(@ColF)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 4279 9917(pro)m 3(vide)k 5072(a)s 5247(sequence)s @@ -19727,7 +19741,7 @@ grestore 1871(pro)s 3(vides)k 2743(a)s 2909(horizontal)s 3933(sequence)s 4866(of)s 5137(one)s 5539(or)s 5798(more)s 6345(columns:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5015(def @ColList r)m -3(ight col)k 480 4727({)m 480 4439( def @Column)m 480 4151( { @VExpand { @ColPlace //1r)m -8(t @OneRo)k 3(w { //@MidGap @ColF)k 6(ootSect } } })k 480 3575( col @Case {)m 480 3287( Single @Y)m 4(ield @Column)k 480 2999( Doub)m 4(le @Y)k 4(ield { @Doub)k 4(leColWidth @Wide @Column ||@ColGap @ColList col })k @@ -19752,7 +19766,7 @@ grestore 4385(in)s 4628(a)s 4794(page)s 5302(of)s 5573(\207x)s 3(ed)k 6107(width,)s 6759(height,)s 7464(and)s 7868(mar)s 4(gins:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_6 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -19836,7 +19850,7 @@ grestore 3079(de\207ning)s 3917(a)s 4083(typical)s 4788(page)s 5296(of)s 5567(a)s 5733(book)s 6274(or)s 6533(other)s 7084(document:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9246(def @OneP)m 8(age)k 480 8958( named @Columns {})m 480 8670( named @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op {})k 480 8382( named @P)m 8(ageF)k 6(oot {})k 480 8094({)m 480 7806( @P)m 8(age {)k 480 7518( @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op)k 480 7230( //@MidGap @T)m 26(opList)k @@ -19870,7 +19884,7 @@ grestore 7085(produced.)s 8146(These)s 8779(are)s 0 3194(based)m 603(on)s 900(the)s 220 fnt2 1248 3191(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 2250 3194(symbol:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_8 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 2693(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(opOdd @T)k 26(opEv)k 5(en @F)k 6(ootOdd @F)k 6(ootEv)k 5(en)k 480 2405(def @Runner)m 480 2117( named @T)m 26(opOdd r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k 480 1829( named @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k @@ -19966,7 +19980,7 @@ grestore 3872 10391(,)m 3973(whose)s 4635(result)s 5219(is)s 5423(a)s 5583(sequence)s 6510(of)s 6775(pages)s 7365(be)s 3(ginning)k 8367(with)s 8843(an)s 0 10103(odd-numbered)m 1454(page:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_9 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9602(def @OddP)m 8(ageList)k 480 9314( named @Columns {})m 480 9026( r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 8738({)m 480 8450( def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList ...)k 480 7874( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k @@ -20005,7 +20019,7 @@ grestore 5967 2686(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 220 fnt2 6748 2683(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 8307 2686(:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_page_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_10 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 2185(def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 480 1897( named @Columns {})m 480 1609( r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 1321({)m 480 1033( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 745( // @Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open {)k 480 457( @OneP)m 8(age)k @@ -20104,7 +20118,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 480 8189(The)m 905(de\207nitions)s 1962(of)s 2229(chapters)s 3073(and)s 3473(sections)s 4290(from)s 4811(the)s 5155(DocumentSetup)s 6746(package)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark 7583(of)s 7850(V)s 26(ersion)k 8634(2)s 8804(\(in)s 0 7901(V)m 26(ersion)k 793(3,)s 1026(the)s 1379(BookSetup)s 2503(e)s 3(xtension)k 3480(of)s @@ -20112,7 +20126,7 @@ grestore 7334(this)s 7736(section.)s 8583(The)s 3(y)k 0 7613(allo)m 6(w)k 579(a)s 745(chapter)s 1508(to)s 1747(be)s 2029(entered)s 2790(lik)s 2(e)k 3202(this:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 7112(@Chapter)m 480 6824( @Title { ...)m 13( })k 480 6536( @T)m 26(ag { ...)k 13( })k 480 6248(@Begin)m 480 5960( ...)m 480 5672(@End @Chapter)m 240 fnt1 0 5176(W)m 9(ithin)k @@ -20132,7 +20146,7 @@ grestore 5050(in)s 5304(the)s 5662(document.)s 6780(This)s 7267(feature)s 7995(is)s 8215(based)s 8829(on)s 0 2118(the)m 348(follo)s 6(wing)k 1325(de\207nitions:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 1617(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 1329(def @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag { @Null })k 480 753(def @NumberOf r)m -3(ight x)k 480 465({ @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag } })k @@ -20218,18 +20232,18 @@ grestore 220 fnt2 0 9817(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 1063 9820(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1697(itself)s 2245(is)s 2455(de\207ned)s 3218(as)s 3468(follo)s 6(ws:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9319(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @F)k 6(ootNote @BeginSections @EndSections @Section)k 480 9031(def @Chapter f)m 6(orce into { @ChapterList&&preceding })k 480 8743( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 8455( named @Title {})m 480 8167( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 7879( body @Body)m 480 7591({)m 480 7303( def @F)m 6(ootNote r)k -3(ight x { @ColF)k 6(ootNote x })k 480 6727( def @BeginSections ...)m 480 6439( def @EndSections ...)m 480 6151( def @Section ...)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 5698( def @ChapterTitle)m 480 5410( {)m 480 5122( @ChapterNumbers @Case {)m 480 4834( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { Chapter {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13( |2s @Title })k 480 4546( else @Y)m 4(ield @Title)k 480 4258( })m 480 3970( })m 480 3394( def @ChapterNum)m 480 3106( {)m 480 2818( @ChapterNumbers @Case {)m 480 2530( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { Chapter {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag} })k 480 2242( else @Y)m 4(ield @Null)k 480 1954( })m 480 1666( })m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 1174( r)m 2(agged @Break @BookTitleF)k 6(or)k -5(mat @ChapterTitle)k 480 886( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er {)k 480 598( @ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 480 310( })m @@ -20305,7 +20319,7 @@ grestore 480 11191( // @Body)m 480 10903( //@SectionGap @ChapRefSection)m 480 10615( // @Runner)m 480 10327( @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en { @B @P)k 8(ageNum |1r)k -8(t @I @ChapterNum })k 480 10039( @T)m 26(opOdd { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1r)k -8(t @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 9751(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9257(W)m 19(e)k 371(will)s 800(see)s 1164(the)s 1515(symbols)s 2366(for)s 2707(sections)s 3531(shortly)s 15(.)k 4347(Notice)s 5042(ho)s 6(w)k 5506(their)s 6006(use)s @@ -20534,7 +20548,7 @@ grestore 8558(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 0 5515(dft)m 240 fnt1 240 5518(,)m 347(or)s 220 fnt2 606 5515(@Title)m 240 fnt1 1294 5518(otherwise:)m -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5036(def @OrElse)m 480 4748( left x)m 480 4460( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 4172({)m 480 3884( x @Case {)m 480 3596( dft @Y)m 4(ield y)k 480 3308( else @Y)m 4(ield x)k 480 3020( })m 480 2732(})m 240 fnt1 0 2238(This)m 476(produces)s @@ -20547,7 +20561,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3004 950(.)m 480 576(Finally)m 15(,)k 1249(the)s 1597(de\207nitions)s 2658(for)s 2996(sections)s 3817(omitted)s 4605(earlier)s 5273(are)s 5620(as)s 5870(follo)s 6(ws:)k -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_chap_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_6 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 75(def @EndSectionsPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k grestore @@ -20615,7 +20629,7 @@ gsave grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(def @EndSections f)m 6(orce into { @EndSectionsPlace&&preceding } {})k 480 12919(macro @BeginSections { //@SectionGap @SectionList 1 // @EndSectionsPlace // })m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark 480 12422(def @Section f)m 6(orce into { @SectionList&&preceding })k 480 12134( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 11846( named @Title {})m 480 11558( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 11270( body @Body)m 480 10982({)m 480 10694( def @SectionTitle)m 480 10406( {)m 480 10118( @SectionNumbers @Case {)m 480 9830( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13( |2s @Title })k @@ -20626,7 +20640,7 @@ grestore 480 6086( // @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 5798( // { &3f @SectionTitle } @ContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 5510( //0io @Body)m 480 5222(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 4728(The)m 220 fnt2 409 4725(@BeginSections)m 240 fnt1 2066 4728(macro)m 2696(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 220 fnt2 3457 4725(@SectionList)m 240 fnt1 4748 4728(,)m 4835(preceded)s @@ -20747,13 +20761,13 @@ grestore 471(Bibliographies)s [ /Dest /LOUTbiblio /DEST pdfmark -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 533 11935(The)m 953(\207rst)s 1376(step)s 1806(in)s 2041(the)s 2382(production)s 3468(of)s 3731(a)s 3889(bibliograph)s 1(y)k 5157(is)s 5359(to)s 5591(create)s 6208(a)s 6366(database)s 7237(of)s 7500(references)s 8523(based)s 0 11647(on)m 297(the)s 645(de\207nition)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11196(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ype @A)k 6(uthor @Title @Institution @Number @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 480 10908( @Y)m 30(ear @Proceedings @Jour)k -5(nal @V)k 17(olume @P)k 8(ages @Comment)k 480 10332(def @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 10044( named @T)m 26(ag)k 3270({ )s 11(T)k 26(A)k 6(G? })k @@ -20770,13 +20784,13 @@ grestore 480 4729( @T)m 26(ype { Book })k 480 4441( @A)m 6(uthor { Str)k -3(unk, )k 8(William and )k 8(White)k 3(, E.)k 13( B)k 4(.)k 13( })k 480 4153( @Title { )m 11(The Elements of Style })k 480 3865( @Pub)m 4(lisher { MacMillan, third edition })k 480 3577( @Y)m 30(ear { 1979 })k 480 3289(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 2797({ @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 2509( @T)m 26(ag { kingston92 })k 480 2221( @T)m 26(ype { )k 11(T)k 26(echRepor)k -8(t })k 480 1933( @A)m 6(uthor { Kingston, Jeffre)k 4(y H.)k 13( })k 480 1645( @Title { Document F)m 6(or)k -5(matting with Lout \(Second Edition\) })k 480 1357( @Number { 449 })m 480 1069( @Institution { Basser Depar)m -8(tment of Computer)k 480 781(Science F09, Univ)m 5(ersity of Sydne)k 4(y 2006, A)k 6(ustr)k 2(alia })k 480 493( @Y)m 30(ear { 1992 })k 480 205(})m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -21002,7 +21016,7 @@ grestore 7285(a)s 7463(numbered)s 8491(list)s 8855(of)s 0 7265(places)m 648(that)s 1066(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1790(containing)s 2853(references)s 3884(may)s 4350(attach)s 4977(to:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_bibl_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 6764(def @Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 480 6476( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 6188( named @Title { Ref)m 6(erences })k 480 5900( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 5612( named style r)m -3(ight tag { tag.)k 13( })k 480 5324( named headstyle r)m -3(ight @Title { @Heading @Title })k @@ -21098,7 +21112,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 777 9457(at)m 1009(each)s 1504(point.)s 480 9083(Our)m 912(task)s 1358(is)s 1568(completed)s 2622(by)s 2916(the)s 3264(follo)s 6(wing)k 4241(de\207nition:)s -[ /Dest /LOUT19_4605_exa_bibl_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 8582(def @Ref r)m -3(ight x)k 480 8294({)m 480 8006( def sendref into { @RefPlace&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k 480 7718( r)m -3(ight @K)k 8(e)k 4(y)k 480 7430( {)m 480 7142( @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x &)k @@ -21909,7 +21923,7 @@ grestore 8322 3219(,)m 220 fnt2 8517 3216(/De-)m 3059 2928(viceRGB)m 240 fnt1 3916 2931(,)m 4023(or)s 220 fnt2 4282 2928(/De)m 6(viceCMYK)k -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 2447(\213)m 480(A)s 708(color)s 9(,)k 1294(denoted)s 2107(c,)s 2318(is)s 2525(an)s 2805(array)s 3346(containing)s 4407(a)s 4570(PostScript)s 5609(non-pattern)s 6765(color)s @@ -21929,7 +21943,7 @@ grestore 1633(be)s 1915(unpack)s 2(ed)k 2889(with)s 220 fnt2 3371 149(aload)m 240 fnt1 3955 152(before)m 4621(calling)s 220 fnt2 5324 149(setcolor)m 240 fnt1 6092 152(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_2 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -22028,7 +22042,7 @@ grestore 8566(share)s 480 10439(pattern)m 1200(dictionaries)s 2365(among)s 3070(graphics)s 3931(states.)s 4625(W)s 19(e)k 4994(must)s 5519(cop)s 2(y)k 6037(them.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 9936(This)m 476(representation)s 1886(obe)s 3(ys)k 2493(the)s 2841(follo)s 6(wing)k 3818(in)s 9(v)k 6(ariant:)k 0 9433(\213)m 480(All)s 853(components)s 2075(of)s 2360(the)s @@ -22039,7 +22053,7 @@ grestore 3096(situation)s 3976(where)s 4616(we)s 4951(set)s 5276(color)s 5827(space)s 6414(b)s 4(ut)k 6776(not)s 7142(color\).)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 8642(\213)m 480(If)s 709(the)s 1056(PostScript)s 2097(graphics)s 2956(state)s 3448(contains)s 4295(a)s 220 fnt2 4460 8639(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 5269 8642(colorspace,)m 6397(the)s 6744(pattern)s 7463(dictionary)s @@ -22049,7 +22063,7 @@ grestore 7027(of)s 7298(types)s 220 fnt2 7854 8351(cs)m 240 fnt1 8127 8354(and)m 220 fnt2 8531 8351(c)m 240 fnt1 8636 8354(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 7851(\213)m 480(If)s 732(the)s 1103(graphics)s 1986(state)s 2502(contains)s 3372(an)s 3678(uncolored)s 220 fnt2 4715 7848(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 5549 7851(colorspace,)m 6700(then)s 7192(the)s 220 fnt2 @@ -22060,7 +22074,7 @@ grestore 480 7275(the)m 828(underlying)s 1918(color)s 2469(space)s 3056(and)s 3460(color)s 4011(stored)s 4653(in)s 4896(the)s 5244(graphics)s 6105(state.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_6 /DEST pdfmark 0 6772(And)m 471(it)s 663(has)s 1033(the)s 1381(follo)s 6(wing)k 2358(abstraction)s 3463(function:)s 0 6269(\213)m 480(If)s 725(the)s 1089(graphics)s 1965(state)s 2474(colorspace)s @@ -22074,7 +22088,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 9019 5981(,)m 480 5693(then)m 949(the)s 1297(abstract)s 2099(current)s 2835(te)s 3(xture)k 3551(is)s 220 fnt2 3761 5690(n)m 2(ull)k 240 fnt1 4085 5693(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_7 /DEST pdfmark 0 5236(\213)m 480(If)s 725(the)s 1089(graphics)s 1966(state)s 2475(colorspace)s 3568(is)s 220 fnt2 3794 5233(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k @@ -22091,14 +22105,14 @@ grestore 2294(and)s 2698(color)s 3249(are)s 3596(as)s 3846(returned)s 4700(by)s 220 fnt2 4994 4369(currentcolorspace)m 240 fnt1 6790 4372(and)m 220 fnt2 7194 4369([ currentcolor ])m 240 fnt1 8583 4372(.)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 3869(The)m 428(follo)s 6(wing)k 1405(functions)s 2346(are)s 2693(pri)s 6(v)k 6(ate)k 3400(helpers)s 4141(for)s 4479(the)s 4827(public)s 5478(functions:)s 220 fnt9 480 3392(% Current pattern \(may be null\): - LoutCurrentP p)m 480 3144(/LoutCurrentP)m 480 2896({ %% -)m 480 2648( currentcolorspace %% [ /name etc ])m 480 2400( 0 get /Pattern eq %% bool)m 480 2152( { %% - \(have pattern\))m 480 1904( [ currentcolor ] %% [ comp0 ... compn p ])m 480 1656( dup length 1 sub get %% p)m 480 1408( })m 480 1160( { %% - \(no pattern\))m 480 912( null %% null)m 480 664( } ifelse %% p)m 480 416(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_9 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -22167,7 +22181,7 @@ grestore 480 13029(/LoutCurrentCCS)m 480 12781({)m 480 12533( LoutCurrentP dup null eq %% p bool)m 480 12285( { %% null)m 480 12037( pop [ currentcolor ] %% c)m 480 11789( currentcolorspace %% c cs)m 480 11541( })m 480 11293( { %% p)m 480 11045( dup %% p p)m 480 10797( /UnderlyingColor get exch %% c p)m 480 10549( /UnderlyingColorSpace get %% c cs)m 480 10301( } ifelse %% c cs)m 480 10053(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_10 /DEST pdfmark 480 9604(% Make c, cs, and p current: c cs p LoutSetCCSP -)m 480 9356(/LoutSetCCSP)m 480 9108({ %% c cs p)m 480 8860( dup null eq %% c cs p bool)m 480 8612( { %% c cs p \(null pattern\))m 480 8364( pop setcolorspace %% c)m 480 8116( aload pop setcolor %% -)m 480 7868( })m 480 7620( { %% c cs p \(non-null pattern\))m 480 7372( % copy pattern dictionary)m 480 7124( 12 dict copy %% c cs p)m 480 6628( % record cs and c in p)m @@ -22176,7 +22190,7 @@ grestore 480 3652( })m 480 3404( { %% c cs p \(uncolored pattern\))m 480 3156( [ /Pattern %% c cs p [ /Pattern)m 480 2908( 4 -1 roll %% c p [ /Pattern cs)m 480 2660( ] setcolorspace %% c p)m 480 2412( exch aload length 1 add %% p comp1 ... compm m+1)m 480 2164( -1 roll %% comp1 ... compm p)m 480 1916( setcolor %% -)m 480 1668( } ifelse %% -)m 480 1420( } ifelse %% -)m 480 1172(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_11 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 697(W)m 9(ith)k 536(the)s 894(helper)s 1561(functions)s 2513(it')s 13(s)k 2865(no)s 6(w)k 3336(easy)s 3825(to)s 4075(deri)s 6(v)k 3(e)k @@ -22266,21 +22280,21 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 4806 13205(.)m 220 fnt9 480 12731(% num LoutSetGray -)m 480 12483(/LoutSetGray)m 480 12235({)m 480 11987( [ 2 1 roll ] %% c)m 480 11739( [ /DeviceGray ] %% c cs)m 480 11491( LoutCurrentP %% c cs p)m 480 11243( LoutSetCCSP %% -)m 480 10995(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_12 /DEST pdfmark 480 10546(% r g b LoutSetRGBColor -)m 480 10298(/LoutSetRGBColor)m 480 10050({ %% r g b)m 480 9802( [ 4 1 roll ] %% c)m 480 9554( [ /DeviceRGB ] %% c cs)m 480 9306( LoutCurrentP %% c cs p)m 480 9058( LoutSetCCSP %% -)m 480 8810(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_13 /DEST pdfmark 480 8361(% h s b LoutSetHSBColor -)m 480 8113(/LoutSetHSBColor)m 480 7865({ %% h s b)m 480 7617( gsave sethsbcolor %% -)m 480 7369( currentrgbcolor grestore %% r g b)m 480 7121( LoutSetRGBColor %% -)m 480 6873(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_14 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_14 /DEST pdfmark 480 6424(% c m y k LoutSetRGBColor -)m 480 6176(/LoutSetCMYKColor)m 480 5928({)m 480 5680( [ 5 1 roll ] %% c)m 480 5432( [ /DeviceCMYK ] %% c cs)m 480 5184( LoutCurrentP %% c cs p)m 480 4936( LoutSetCCSP %% -)m 480 4688(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_15 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_15 /DEST pdfmark 480 4241(% p LoutSetTexture -)m 480 3993(/LoutSetTexture)m 480 3745({)m 480 3497( LoutCurrentCCS %% p c cs)m 480 3249( 3 -1 roll %% c cs p)m 480 3001( LoutSetCCSP %% -)m 480 2753(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_16 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_16 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 2278(All)m 369(we)s 713(need)s 1232(no)s 6(w)k 1702(is)s 1921(some)s 2491(sample)s 3233(te)s 3(xtures.)k 4159(T)s 16(e)k 3(xtures)k @@ -22369,7 +22383,7 @@ grestore 480 8063( matrix concatmatrix %% p mat1 mat234)m 480 7815( matrix concatmatrix %% p mat1234)m 480 7567( /makepattern where)m 480 7319( { %% p mat123 dict)m 480 7071( pop makepattern %% p)m 480 6823( })m 480 6575( { %% p mat123)m 480 6327( pop pop null %% null)m 480 6079( } ifelse %% p \(may be null\))m 480 5831(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_17 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_17 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 5356(F)m 3(or)k 384(e)s 3(xamples)k 1330(of)s 1596(te)s 3(xtures)k 2395(using)s 220 fnt2 2962 5353(LoutMak)m 4(eT)k 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 @@ -22380,7 +22394,7 @@ grestore 2615 5065(LoutT)m 26(e)k 6(xtureSolid)k 240 fnt1 4228 5068(:)m 220 fnt9 480 4585(/LoutTextureSolid)m 480 4337({)m 480 4089( null)m 480 3841( LoutSetTexture)m 480 3593(} def)m -[ /Dest /LOUT16_1731_tex_18 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_18 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -22441,7 +22455,7 @@ gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12397(Refer)m 8(ences)k -[ /Dest /LOUT20_530_all_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT20_547_all_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 11800([1])m @@ -22497,9 +22511,9 @@ grestore 7107(.)s [ /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /DEST pdfmark 0 6987([6])m 480(Donald)s 1243(E.)s 1493(Knuth.)s -240 fnt6 2256 6989(The)m 2668(T)s 2764 6941(E)m 2871 6989(X)m -3027(Book)s 240 fnt1 3523 6987(.)m 3687(Addison-W)s 19(esle)k 3(y)k -5267(,)s 5374(1984)s 5848(.)s +240 fnt6 2256 6989(The)m 2668(T)s 2764 6941(E)m 2872 6989(X)m +3028(Book)s 240 fnt1 3524 6987(.)m 3688(Addison-W)s 19(esle)k 3(y)k +5268(,)s 5375(1984)s 5849(.)s [ /Dest /LOUTreid1980scribe /DEST pdfmark 0 6482([7])m 480(Brian)s 1048(K.)s 1305(Reid.)s 1900(A)s 2110(High-)s 2657(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k @@ -22581,239 +22595,239 @@ gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12406(Index)m -[ /Dest /LOUT20_587_all_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT20_604_all_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 0 11809(adjust)m 641(@Break)s 240 fnt1 1444 11812(,)m -[ /Rect [1551 11812 1785 11974] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1551 11812 1785 11974] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_1 /ANN pdfmark 1551(44)s 0 11524(Adjustment)m 1176(of)s 1447(object)s 2038(,)s -[ /Rect [2145 11521 2371 11689] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_hadj_4 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [2145 11521 2371 11689] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_4 /ANN pdfmark 2145(55)s 0 11236(Adobe)m 695(Systems,)s 1599(Inc.)s 1955(,)s -[ /Rect [2062 11233 2286 11398] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_font_8 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [2062 11233 2286 11398] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_8 /ANN pdfmark 2062(43)s 0 10948(Alignment)m 240 fnt6 1083 10950(see)m 240 fnt1 1441 10948(mark)m 1993(alignment)s 0 10660(Associati)m 6(vity)k 1256(,)s -[ /Rect [1363 10657 1587 10822] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_prec_2 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1363 10657 1587 10822] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_prec_2 /ANN pdfmark 1363(23)s 220 fnt2 0 10081(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 1145 10084(symbol)m 1852(,)s -[ /Rect [1959 10083 2187 10242] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_bend_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1959 10083 2187 10242] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_bend_1 /ANN pdfmark 1959(77)s 220 fnt2 0 9793(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k 240 fnt1 1436 9796(symbol)m 2143(,)s -[ /Rect [2250 9791 2481 9961] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_back_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [2250 9791 2481 9961] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link 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/Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_13 /ANN pdfmark 655(38)s 240 5187(ef)m 6(fect)k 836(on)s 1133(paragraph)s 2146(breaking)s 2983(,)s -[ /Rect [3090 5184 3316 5352] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_brea_11 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [3090 5184 3316 5352] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_11 /ANN pdfmark 3090(45)s 0 4611(White)m 640(space)s 1174(,)s -[ /Rect [1281 4611 1515 4773] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_8 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1281 4611 1515 4773] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_8 /ANN pdfmark 1281(14)s 240 4323(when)m 816(signi\207cant)s 1819(,)s -[ /Rect [1926 4318 2157 4485] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_33 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1926 4318 2157 4485] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_33 /ANN pdfmark 1926(39)s 220 fnt2 0 4032(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 774 4035(symbol)m 1481(,)s -[ /Rect [1588 4032 1812 4200] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_wide_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1588 4032 1812 4200] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_wide_1 /ANN pdfmark 1588(53)s 0 3747(W)m 9(idth)k 646(of)s 917(an)s 1200(object)s 1791(,)s -[ /Rect [1898 3744 2124 3912] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_size_2 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1898 3744 2124 3912] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_2 /ANN pdfmark 1898(25)s 0 3459(W)m 19(ord)k 531(,)s -[ /Rect [638 3456 864 3624] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_det_lexi_18 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [638 3456 864 3624] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_18 /ANN pdfmark 638(15)s 220 fnt2 0 3168(w)m 240 fnt1 216 3171(unit)m 595(,)s -[ /Rect [702 3168 929 3333] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_14 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [702 3168 929 3333] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_14 /ANN pdfmark 702(38)s 220 fnt2 0 2592(x)m 240 fnt1 168 2595(g)m 1(ap)k 566(mode)s 1101(,)s -[ /Rect [1208 2592 1435 2757] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_conc_24 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1208 2592 1435 2757] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_24 /ANN pdfmark 1208(38)s 220 fnt2 0 2016(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 753 2019(symbol)m 1460(,)s -[ /Rect [1567 2016 1791 2183] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_case_2 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1567 2016 1791 2183] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_case_2 /ANN pdfmark 1567(63)s 220 fnt2 0 1728(@YUnit)m 240 fnt1 814 1731(symbol)m 1521(,)s -[ /Rect [1628 1730 1856 1893] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_yuni_1 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1628 1730 1856 1893] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_yuni_1 /ANN pdfmark 1628(47)s 220 fnt2 0 1152(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt1 802 1155(symbol)m 1509(,)s -[ /Rect [1616 1154 1844 1317] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4605_pre_yuni_2 /ANN pdfmark +[ /Rect [1616 1154 1844 1317] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_yuni_2 /ANN pdfmark 1616(47)s grestore gsave diff --git a/doc/expert/preface b/doc/expert/preface index 3d3556d..6407880 100644 --- a/doc/expert/preface +++ b/doc/expert/preface @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ This manual presents Version 3 of Basser Lout, publicly released in September 1994 @Cite { $kingston1995lout.program } and developed continuously since then. This manual was rendered into PostScript postscript @Index { PostScript } -by Version 3.39 of the Basser Lout interpreter, using the symbols +by Version 3.40 of the Basser Lout interpreter, using the symbols described in the User's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.user }. @DP @Heading { Acknowledgment. } Version 3 has benefited from hundreds of diff --git a/doc/slides/README b/doc/slides/README index cee9cb3..f0b409f 100644 --- a/doc/slides/README +++ b/doc/slides/README @@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ be no error messages at all after the second run. A copy of the final outfile.ps is included. Jeff Kingston -21 September 2010 +26 June 2013 diff --git a/doc/slides/outfile.ps b/doc/slides/outfile.ps index aa69c5c..735cfa3 100644 --- a/doc/slides/outfile.ps +++ b/doc/slides/outfile.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.39 (September 2010) -%%CreationDate: Tue Sep 21 13:20:48 2010 +%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.40 (June 2013) +%%CreationDate: Sun Jun 18 09:13:11 2023 %%DocumentData: Binary %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) @@ -3390,15 +3390,15 @@ grestore 1440 8364(Operating)m 3287(Instructions)s 400 fnt1 1440 7529(1.)m 2240(Press)s 3166(small)s 4123(green)s 5104(le)s 10(v)k 6(er)k 22(.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_1 /DEST pdfmark 1440 6689(2.)m 2240(W)s 32(ait)k 3077(approximately)s 5468(10)s 5952(seconds)s 2240 6209(until)m 3065(red)s 3672(light)s 4505(\210ashes.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_2 /DEST pdfmark 1440 5369(3.)m 2240(If)s 2626(smok)s 4(e)k 3757(emer)s 7(ges)k 5164(from)s 6040(rear)s 6760(of)s 2240 4889(unit,)m 3040(call)s 3708(Service)s 4997(Department.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_3 /DEST pdfmark grestore @@ -3863,9 +3863,9 @@ grestore 5977(of)s 2240 3959(Computer)m 3938(Science)s 5171(,)s 5349(Uni)s 10(v)k 6(ersity)k 2240 3479(of)m 2693(Sydne)s 6(y)k 3876(,)s 4054(1995)s 4830(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_4 /DEST pdfmark 1440 2642(2.)m 2240(\202)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_5 /DEST pdfmark grestore @@ -3996,29 +3996,29 @@ grestore 400 fnt1 0 9650(\213)m 800(T)s 14(itle)k 1632(page,)s 2564(pref)s 4(ace,)k 3912(introduction)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_6 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_6 /DEST pdfmark 0 8810(\213)m 800(Automatic)s 2574(table)s 3442(of)s 3895(contents)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_7 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_7 /DEST pdfmark 0 8053(\213)m 800(Pref)s 4(atory)k 2372(pages)s 3365(numbered)s 5060(in)s 5465(Roman)s 6713(numerals)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 7213(\213)m 800(Chapters,)s 2397(sections,)s 3861(subsections,)s 5880(appendices)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_9 /DEST pdfmark 0 6374(\213)m 800(References)s 2656(at)s 3044(end)s 3718(of)s 4171(chapters)s 5585(or)s 6018(book)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_10 /DEST pdfmark 0 5535(\213)m 800(Running)s 2265(page)s 3111(headers)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_11 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_11 /DEST pdfmark 0 4695(\213)m 800(Odd-e)s 10(v)k 6(en)k 2453(page)s 3299(formats)s -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_12 /DEST pdfmark 0 3855(\213)m 800(Sorted)s 1940(inde)s 6(x)k -[ /Dest /LOUT22_1748_all_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT22_1794_all_13 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave @@ -5851,8 +5851,8 @@ grestore 5639(km\))s 5103 3402 0 3402 400 480 100 1440 4116 LoutGr2 grestore -gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def /xsize exch def -/alldata [ [ [ 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 ] xandy +gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def +/xsize exch def /alldata [ [ [ 1963 5.6 1971 4.3 1976 3.7 1979 3.4 1982 2.9 1985 2.3 1988 2.0 ] xandy { plus } { ilinesetup dashed } { /dashlength 0.2 ft def @@ -6005,8 +6005,8 @@ gsave gsave grestore -gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def /xsize exch def -/alldata [ [ [ 10 1.97 50 2.01 100 2.00 200 2.0 500 2.00 ] xandy +gsave xsize ysize lgraphdict begin /ysize exch def +/xsize exch def /alldata [ [ [ 10 1.97 50 2.01 100 2.00 200 2.0 500 2.00 ] xandy { filledcircle } { } { /dashlength 0.2 ft def diff --git a/doc/user/README b/doc/user/README index 6278f75..ec748d8 100644 --- a/doc/user/README +++ b/doc/user/README @@ -1,31 +1,38 @@ Directory lout/doc/user -This directory contains the Lout source files for the User's Guide -to the Lout Document Formatting System. To produce the Guide, -type the command +This directory contains the Lout source files for the User's +Guide to the Lout Document Formatting System. A copy of the +final PostScript output file (A4 paper size) is stored at - lout -r6 all > user.ps + http://jeffreykingston.id.au/lout -in this directory. The -r6 flag causes Lout to run over the -document six times. This is needed to completely resolve all +To produce the Guide yourself, type the command + + lout -r5 all > user.ps + +in this directory. The -r5 flag causes Lout to run over the +document five times. This is needed to completely resolve all cross references, although a readable PostScript file would be produced after one run if -r was omitted. Auxiliary files with -.li and .ld suffixes will be created in this directory. Six runs -is an unusually large number; it is owing to some unfortunate page -breaks in the early runs that so many runs are needed. +.li and .ld suffixes will be created in this directory. + +Slight changes (e.g. to Letter paper size) could easily cause +the number of required runs to increase. I've kept it down +to 5 by rewriting to eliminate cases where the number of pages +consumed by a chapter varies from run to run. The first run will produce a large number of error messages, nearly all beginning with "unresolved cross reference". These should gradually go away on later runs. The following shows the -error message output on the last run for A4 size printing: +error message output on the fifth run for A4 size printing: lout: - : lout -r beginning run 6: + : lout -r beginning run 5: lout file "gra_tick" (from "gra" line 38, from "all" line 46): - 234,1: 23.7c object too high for 23.7c space; @Scale inserted + 234,1: 23.7c object too high for 23.6c space; @Scale inserted lout file "gra_summ" (from "gra" line 44, from "all" line 46): 10,1: 25.7c object too high for 23.6c space; @Scale inserted -lout file "prg_tabs" (from "prg" line 139, from "all" line 48): +lout file "prg_tabs" (from "prg" line 152, from "all" line 48): 66,23: prg2lout 2,1: program text ended within comment 68,35: prg2lout 2,1: program text ended within comment @@ -36,11 +43,9 @@ these cases was deliberate. If you set the document in Letter size paper, you will get a somewhat different set of warning messages. Optimal page breaking has been turned off for this document owing to -repeated failure to converge, caused by footnotes and floating figures -close to large unbreakable displays. - -A copy of the final PostScript output file (A4 paper size) is -stored at "ftp://ftp.it.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout/lout-3.39.user.ps.gz". +failure to converge, caused by footnotes and floating figures close +to large unbreakable displays. Jeffrey H. Kingston -21 September 2010 +26 June 2013 +19 June 2023 diff --git a/doc/user/all b/doc/user/all index 23410b2..bf7349d 100644 --- a/doc/user/all +++ b/doc/user/all @@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ Lout Document Formatting System } @Author { Jeffrey H. Kingston } - @Edition { Version 3.39 -September 2010 } + @Edition { Version 3.41 +June 2023 } @Publisher { -Copyright @CopyRight 1991, 2008 Jeffrey H. Kingston, +Copyright @CopyRight 1991, 2023 Jeffrey H. Kingston, School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney 2006, Australia. ISBN 0 86758 951 5. } diff --git a/doc/user/ap_col b/doc/user/ap_col index 36306d1..495deea 100644 --- a/doc/user/ap_col +++ b/doc/user/ap_col @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ @Appendix - @Title { Lots more colours } + @Title { Lots More Colours } @Tag { morecolours } @Begin Here is the long list of extra colours, said to be from the diff --git a/doc/user/ap_qck b/doc/user/ap_qck index 092673d..531e63d 100644 --- a/doc/user/ap_qck +++ b/doc/user/ap_qck @@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ " @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }" " @InitialBreak { adjust 1.2fx hyphen }" " @InitialLanguage { English }" -" @PageHeaders { Simple }" " @FirstPageNumber { 1 }" " @ColumnNumber { 1 }" " @PageOrientation { Portrait }" @@ -69,7 +68,6 @@ B { @LI @Code { "@Section" " @Title { ... }" -" @RunningTitle { ... }" " @Tag { ... }" "@Begin" "@PP" diff --git a/doc/user/bas_char b/doc/user/bas_char index 3805021..58f25a2 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_char +++ b/doc/user/bas_char @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ author's viewer has this problem, for example, but his printer doesn't. The easiest way to get a dingbat is to write, for example, @ID @Code "@Ding a123" which produces the dingbat with the given name from the table -above. This is just a shorthand for +above. This is just a short for @ID @Code @Verbatim { { Dingbats Base } @Font { @Char a123 } } @@ -598,6 +598,6 @@ symbol, although they aren't ISO-LATIN-1 characters. @Rowa A { fl } B { endash } C { emdash } D { bullet } @Rowa A { dagger } B { daggerdbl } C { florin } D { fraction } } -Most of these characters are also in the list of `characters important -enough to deserve their own symbols' given above. +Most of these are also listed as `characters important enough to +deserve their own symbols'. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/bas_conv b/doc/user/bas_conv index 492f306..bad4ed7 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_conv +++ b/doc/user/bas_conv @@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ complicated. Lout looks for a word, not necessarily at the end of an input line, which ends as described for @Code "troff" but in addition has a lower-case letter preceding that. @PP -In all cases you must use a paragraph symbol, such as @Code "@PP" or -{@Code "@LP"}, to separate your paragraphs. The common convention of -other systems, that a blank line marks a paragraph, is never true of Lout. +You must use a paragraph symbol, such as @Code "@PP" or {@Code "@LP"}, +to separate paragraphs. The common convention of other systems, +that a blank line marks a paragraph, is never true of Lout. @PP Whatever rule is adopted, there are occasional exceptions where you will have to indicate explicitly whether you want an ordinary space @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ space). For example, will produce an ordinary space between the two words, even with @Code "tex" which would otherwise consider that spot to be the end of a sentence. Spaces adjacent to these two symbols have no effect on -the result. Please note however that @Code "~" produces an -unbreakable space (that is, one that will never be replaced by the end of -a line) in contrast to just leaving a space, which is breakable. +the result. However, @Code "~" produces an unbreakable space (that +is, one that will never be replaced by the end of a line) in contrast +to just leaving a space, which is breakable. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/bas_font b/doc/user/bas_font index dd8442d..631ecfd 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_font +++ b/doc/user/bas_font @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ @Tag { fonts } @Begin @PP -A @I font is a collection of characters that may be printed. For -example, here is the Times Roman font: +A @I font is a collection of printable characters. For example, here +is the Times Roman font: @ID @OneRow { Times Base } @Font 0.05c @Space { { @Char space } { @Char exclam } @@ -609,10 +609,10 @@ alignment through the baseline, you can get it, with the @Code baselinemark option to the @Code "@Font" symbol: @ID @Code "baselinemark @Font { Here's a 20p @Font big word }" which produces -@ID @Code { baselinemark @Font { Here's a 20p @Font big word } } -If you want it this way throughout your document, you can put -@Code { baselinemark } in your initial font (see below). Lout's -equation formatter contains the opposite option, which is +@ID baselinemark @Font { Here's a 20p @Font big word } +If you want it this way throughout your document, you can get it by +putting @Code { baselinemark } in your initial font (see below). +Lout's equation formatter contains the opposite option, which is @Code "xheight2mark @Font { ... }" (which aligns through a point half the height of an x character) so you won't disrupt equation formatting if you do @@ -654,10 +654,9 @@ has result However for consistency most people would use @Code "setsmallcaps" only in {@Code "@InitialFont"}, if at all. @PP -There are two features that make fonts look better on the -page. @I Ligatures are pairs of letters run together; the most +@I Ligatures are sequences of two or more letters run together; the ligatures. @Index { ligatures } -common ligatures are `fi' and `fl.' @I Kerning is moving adjacent +most common ligatures are `fi' and `fl.' @I Kerning is moving adjacent kerning. @Index { kerning } letters closer together, for example in `VA.' Lout considers ligatures and kerning to be integral parts of each font; you can prevent diff --git a/doc/user/bas_lang b/doc/user/bas_lang index 7c6ac09..9e36cea 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_lang +++ b/doc/user/bas_lang @@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ at the start of their documents in order to get access to the Latin2 versions of the fonts. @FootNote { Prior to Version 3.21 of Lout, some accented characters were missing from these Latin2 fonts, but this deficiency has now -been corrected by getting Lout to generate output for these characters -which prints their base letter and accent separately. } These have +been corrected. Lout generates output for these characters which +prints their base letter and accent separately. } These have family names such as TimesCE, CourierCE, HelveticaCE, and so on (CE standing for Central European), to distinguish them from the same fonts encoded in Latin1. The face names are unchanged. A typical diff --git a/doc/user/bas_line b/doc/user/bas_line index 3210cdc..7861112 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_line +++ b/doc/user/bas_line @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ and so on. It is a good idea to define the initial line spacing using the @Code "f" unit, since then if you change the initial font size the line spacing will change with it. However, any length (Section {@NumberOf objects}) with an @Code "x" appended will do: @Code "14px" -for 14 point, @Code "0.5cx" for 0.5 centimetres, etc. Don't use the -@Code "v" unit though, because it refers to some @I previous line -spacing, whereas here we are defining the line spacing for the first time. +for 14 point, @Code "0.5cx" for 0.5 centimetres, etc. But don't use +the @Code "v" unit, because it refers to some @I previous line spacing, +whereas here we are defining the line spacing for the first time. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/bas_par2 b/doc/user/bas_par2 index f57a0ef..f26ec9e 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_par2 +++ b/doc/user/bas_par2 @@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ breakzzz.sym @Index { @Code "@Break" symbol } This example causes every paragraph in the following object to be broken using the @Code ragged style, of which more below. @PP -The first two of the ten styles perform @I { line adjustment }, which +The first two styles perform @I { line adjustment }, which line.adjustment @Index { line adjustment } means that they enlarge the spaces between the objects making up each -line so as to fill the lines completely: +line except the last so as to fill the lines completely: @IndentedList @LI @Tab @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ is like @Code "outdent" except the resulting lines are not adjusted. If you have a few words that must be kept together on one line, the preventing. @Index { preventing line breaks } keeping. @Index { keeping things on one line } -recommended way is to separate them by an @Code "~" symbol: +recommended way is to separate them by the @Code "~" symbol: @ID @Code "According to Prof.~Jones, the effect of ..." It's best not to bother about this until you actually get a bad line break, since chances are good that the words will fall on one line anyway. @@ -208,10 +208,10 @@ Or to keep off envies stinging, Serves to'advance an honest minde. } This style is the only one for which it is useful to indent individual -lines in the input; as the result shows, such indents will be -respected. However, Lout's rule that only white space separating objects -affects the result (Section {@NumberOf spaces}) still holds, which means -that indenting the first line is not effective: +input lines; as the result shows, such indents will be respected. +However, Lout's rule that only white space separating objects +affects the result (Section {@NumberOf spaces}) still holds, so +indenting the first line is not effective: @ID @OneRow @Code { "@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I {" " And finde" @@ -225,12 +225,12 @@ produces What winde Serves to'advance an honest minde. } -This may seem awkward at first, but actually it is extremely convenient -because you don't have to worry about whether the first line of the -paragraph should appear on a new line as above, or immediately after -the opening brace: space at that point does not separate two objects, -so it has no effect. The indent can be obtained by -starting the first line with an empty object (Section {@NumberOf empty}): +This may seem awkward, but actually it is very convenient, because +you don't have to worry about whether the first line of the paragraph +should appear on a new line as above, or immediately after the opening +brace: space at that point does not separate two objects, so it has +no effect. The indent can be obtained by starting the first line +with an empty object (Section {@NumberOf empty}): @ID @OneRow @Code { "@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I {" "{} And finde" diff --git a/doc/user/bas_star b/doc/user/bas_star index ec6eb3b..512148a 100644 --- a/doc/user/bas_star +++ b/doc/user/bas_star @@ -105,9 +105,9 @@ errors. @Index { errors } @Code "intro" above, but on more complicated ones (anything with a footnote, for example). These just mean that you have to run the @Code "lout" command again to finish off the complicated things (Section {@NumberOf cross}), and -they will gradually go away. Of course, if you see error messages about -missing braces, unknown symbols, and so on, you need to revise your file. Lout -will tell you the line number of the problem, and how far along the line it is. +they will gradually go away. Of course, if you see messages about missing +braces, unknown symbols, and so on, you need to revise your file. Lout will +give the line number of the problem, and how far along the line it is. @PP @BI { WARNING: } Lout allows documents to cause arbitrary system commands to be executed. These typically do useful things such as format computer diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_boxs b/doc/user/bgr_boxs index 5e275cf..c75b059 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_boxs +++ b/doc/user/bgr_boxs @@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ produces } Lout does not take the line width into account when working out how large everything is: as far as Lout is concerned, the line always -has width zero. If you draw really thick lines you might need a larger +has width zero. If you draw very thick lines you might need a larger margin and more space near the box. The default value of @Code linewidth -is empty, which means to use whatever width the PostScript interpreter +is empty, which produces whatever width the PostScript interpreter in your output device thinks is a good default value. The special value @Code "none" for @Code "linewidth" ensures that no line is drawn around the box at all. @@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ Section {@NumberOf colour}; its default value is {@Code "none"}, which is a special value (not a colour) which means no painting. White paint comes into its own inside painted boxes: @ID @Code "@Box paint { nochange } white @Colour { Hello world }" -produces a box painted in whatever colour we happen to be using at -the moment, with white text inside: +makes a box painted in whatever colour we are using at the moment, +with white text inside: @ID @Box paint { nochange } white @Colour { Hello world } This works because the box is painted before the object it encloses is drawn on the page. @@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ black @Colour striped @Texture angle { 45d } darkgrey @Colour striped @Texture scale { 2 } 50p @Font ABC } The outline colour and texture are the colour and texture from outside -the box; the background colour and texture are always determined by the +the box; the background colour and texture are determined by the @Code paint and @Code texture options; and the colour and texture of the contents are inherited from outside the box, but can be changed as -shown if desired. Notice what happens when two textures overstrike: the -lower one shows through the unpainted parts of the upper one. +shown if desired. When two textures overstrike, the lower one shows +through the unpainted parts of the upper one. @PP There are @Code "@CurveBox" and @Code "@ShadowBox" symbols that curvebox. @Index @Code "@CurveBox" @@ -172,15 +172,15 @@ show. Simply proceed as usual: @ID @Code "... paragraphs, as @Box { a box }, @CurveBox { a curve box }, ..." Boxes within paragraphs are never broken across two lines. @PP -There are two symbols for producing horizontal rules. @Code "@FullWidthRule" +Two symbols make horizontal rules. @Code "@FullWidthRule" fullwidthrule. @Index @Code "@FullWidthRule" rules. @Index rules -produces a rule which occupies the full page (or column) width: +makes a rule which occupies the full page (or column) width, +or (more precisely) as much horizontal space as it legally can: @DP @FullWidthRule @DP -More precisely, the rule occupies as much horizontal space as it -legally can. @Code "@FullWidthRule" produces an object in the usual -way, so you will need paragraph or display symbols to separate it from -preceding and following things. +@Code "@FullWidthRule" produces an object in the usual way, so you +will need paragraph or display symbols to separate it from preceding +and following things. @PP A variant called @Code "@LocalWidthRule" is more timid about zooming localwidthrule. @Index @Code "@LocalWidthRule" diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_clip b/doc/user/bgr_clip index 696668a..dc31f66 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_clip +++ b/doc/user/bgr_clip @@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ produces The following object may be arbitrary as usual; for example, it could be an illustration included using @Code "@IncludeGraphic" (Section {@NumberOf include}). -@PP We have used the @Code "@Wide" symbol from Section {@NumberOf precise} to make clear what the available width is in this small example (one centimetre), but @Code "@HClip" will work in any context; for example, @@ -45,6 +44,6 @@ produces @ID { @Box 1c @Wide 0.2c @High @HClip @VClip WARNING! } -The @Code "shift" options may be used as usual to determine which part of -the two-dimensional area is displayed. +The @Code "shift" options to determine which part of the two-dimensional +area is displayed, as usual. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_colo b/doc/user/bgr_colo index ca4f019..90d95fd 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_colo +++ b/doc/user/bgr_colo @@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ produces Wherever in this document it says that that you can use any colour from this section, it means any of the names above, or {@Code nochange}, or an object beginning with @Code "rgb" or @Code "cmyk" as shown. -@PP -Whether the colours produced by @Code "@Colour" actually -correspond with the names depends on the output device; the same -nominal colour can look quite different on screen and on paper. +# @PP +# Whether the colours produced by @Code "@Colour" actually +# correspond with the names depends on the output device; the same +# nominal colour can look quite different on screen and on paper. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_outl b/doc/user/bgr_outl index af11eb1..226683d 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_outl +++ b/doc/user/bgr_outl @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ causes all the words in the following object (which may be arbitrary as usual) to be printed in outline. For example, @ID @Code @Verbatim { @Outline @Box 24p @Font HELP } produces -@ID @Outline @Box 24p @Font HELP +@ID @Outline @Box 18p @Font HELP There is no way to control the thickness of the outline, and @@Outline has no effect in PDF output. On the other hand, it works with any font likely to be used in practice. diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_prec b/doc/user/bgr_prec index 737d9c9..d4f70d1 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_prec +++ b/doc/user/bgr_prec @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ them relative to each other. If your problem is to place objects precisely at some unusual point on the page, you probably need a margin note or the @Code "@Place" symbol, for which see Section {@NumberOf marginnotes}. @PP -Precise object placement is not a subject with any clear boundaries, so -this section is mainly a list of examples, covering the use of the +Precise object placement is not a subject with clear boundaries, so +this section is mainly a list of examples, covering the @Code {"@OneCol"}, @Code {"@OneRow"}, @Code {"@Wide"}, @Code {"@High"}, @Code {"@HExpand"}, @Code {"@VExpand"}, @Code {"@HShift"}, @Code {"@VShift"}, @Code {"@VStrut"}, @Code {"@OverStrike"}, @Code {"@ZeroHeight"}, diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_rota b/doc/user/bgr_rota index 202d129..002af2d 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_rota +++ b/doc/user/bgr_rota @@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ @PP The @Code "@Rotate" symbol rotates the following object by any positive rotate. @Index @Code "@Rotate" -or negative angle, measured in degrees: +or negative angle: @ID @Code "45d @Rotate @Box WARNING!" -has result +The angle is measured in degrees. The result here is @ID { 45d @Rotate @Box WARNING! } As usual, the object to be rotated may be arbitrary. However, it is difficult for Lout to choose appropriate column widths for paragraphs @@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ using the @Code "@Wide" symbol from Section {@NumberOf precise}: wide. @RawIndex { @Code "@Wide" } wide.rotate @SubIndex { with @Code "@Rotate" } @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { --90d @Rotate 4.5c @Wide { +-90d @Rotate 4c @Wide { Papal initiatives and influence from the crowning of Charlemagne to the First Crusade } } The result here is @ID { --90d @Rotate 4.5c @Wide { +-90d @Rotate 4c @Wide { Papal initiatives and influence from the crowning of Charlemagne to the First Crusade } diff --git a/doc/user/bgr_text b/doc/user/bgr_text index 286698a..5f76227 100644 --- a/doc/user/bgr_text +++ b/doc/user/bgr_text @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ The characters to be displayed } This last example seems like a good one for experimenting with -the {@Code hshift} and {@Code vshift} options, so here goes: +the {@Code hshift} and {@Code vshift} options: texture.sym.hshift @SubIndex { @Code "hshift" option } texture.sym.vshift @SubIndex { @Code "vshift" option } @ID @OneRow @Tbl diff --git a/doc/user/dia b/doc/user/dia index 5e7e966..e23d5a8 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia +++ b/doc/user/dia @@ -6,22 +6,22 @@ This chapter describes how to use the @@Diag symbol diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diag.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Diag" (diagrams) } -@FootNote { -Starting with Version 3.18 of Lout, the @@Diag symbol was enhanced with -the {@Code "@ANode"}, {@Code "@BNode"}, and {@Code "@CNode"} symbols -described in Section {@NumberOf dia_node}, and with the symbols for -syntax diagrams described in Section {@NumberOf dia_synt}. +# @FootNote { +# Starting with Version 3.18 of Lout, the @@Diag symbol was enhanced with +# the {@Code "@ANode"}, {@Code "@BNode"}, and {@Code "@CNode"} symbols +# described in Section {@NumberOf dia_node}, and with the symbols for +# syntax diagrams described in Section {@NumberOf dia_synt}. #These #enhancements are upwardly compatible, unless the user has defined #symbols with these same names and used them within diagrams. -@LP -Prior to Version 3.09 of Lout, this chapter described a symbol called -fig. @Index @Code "@Fig" -{@Code "@Fig"} which was similar to but more primitive than -{@Code "@Diag"}. For backward compatibility the @Code "@Fig" symbol -is still available and still works exactly as described in the old -documentation, but there is no reason to use it in new documents. -} +# @LP +# Prior to Version 3.09 of Lout, this chapter described a symbol called +# fig. @Index @Code "@Fig" +# {@Code "@Fig"} which was similar to but more primitive than +# {@Code "@Diag"}. For backward compatibility the @Code "@Fig" symbol +# is still available and still works exactly as described in the old +# documentation, but there is no reason to use it in new documents. +# } to make diagrams like this one: diag. @Index @Code "@Diag" @CD @Diag diff --git a/doc/user/dia_intr b/doc/user/dia_intr index 02ab5b2..1aa8c66 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_intr +++ b/doc/user/dia_intr @@ -24,11 +24,7 @@ Change this to This provides everything you need for making diagrams. @PP The result of the @@Diag symbol is an object in the usual way. A diagram -is commonly made into a centred display, like this: -@ID @OneRow @Code { -"@CentredDisplay @Diag { ... }" -} -or into a floating figure, like this: +is commonly made into a floating figure, like this: @ID @OneRow @Code { "@Figure" " @Caption { ... }" @@ -36,10 +32,15 @@ or into a floating figure, like this: " ..." "}" } +or into a centred display, like this: +@ID @OneRow @Code { +"@CentredDisplay @Diag { ... }" +} but it could be an entry in a table, a word in a paragraph, or anything else. @PP -Most uses of @@Diag contain a @I { nodes part } and a @I { links part }: +Although it is not compulsory, most uses of @@Diag contain a +@I { nodes part } and a @I { links part }: @ID @OneRow lines @Break { @Code "@Diag {" @I { nodes part } diff --git a/doc/user/dia_labe b/doc/user/dia_labe index 18b1d80..3bc647a 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_labe +++ b/doc/user/dia_labe @@ -117,13 +117,30 @@ arrowheads to links: tolabel { @SolidArrowHead } } } -@Code "@SolidArrowHead" is a symbol available for use anywhere whose value -is an object in the shape of a small solid arrowhead. The arrowhead +@Code "@SolidArrowHead" is a symbol, available for use anywhere, whose +value is an object in the shape of a small solid arrowhead. The arrowhead options of Section {@NumberOf dia_link} work by setting {@Code fromlabel} and {@Code tolabel} in exactly this way. Usually it is best to forget about {@Code fromlabel} and {@Code tolabel}, and think of links as having -three labels: {@Code xlabel} near the start, {@Code ylabel} in the -middle, and {@Code zlabel} near the end. +just {@Code xlabel} near the start, {@Code ylabel} in the middle, and +{@Code zlabel} near the end; but when you need different arrowheads, or +arrowheads in a different colour from the rest of the arrow: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { +@Link + tolabel { red @Colour @SolidArrowHead } +} +||9ct +@VContract @Diag { +3c @Wide 1c @High +// +@Link + from { 0 0 } + to { 1,1 } + tolabel { red @Colour @SolidArrowHead } +} +} +{@Code fromlabel} and {@Code tolabel} are the answer. @PP Adding a label will not change the size of the diagram or the position of any node, link, or other label. Although a label may be an arbitrary diff --git a/doc/user/dia_link b/doc/user/dia_link index 2c96a8c..d20a451 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_link +++ b/doc/user/dia_link @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ given by a {@Code path} option: diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.path @SubIndex { @Code "path" option } path.diagrams @Index { @Code "path" option (diagrams) } -@ID @Code @Verbatim { +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @Link path { ... } from { ... } @@ -30,9 +30,11 @@ Unlike {@Code "@Node"}, {@Code "@Link"} has no following object. The @Code "path" option may be used to produce a link of any shape, as Section {@NumberOf dia_defi} explains. There are also values that produce standard paths. These are listed in full in the summary -(Section {@NumberOf dia_summ}); here is a sample: +(Section {@NumberOf dia_summ}). Here is a sample: @ID @Tab - @Fmta { @Col @Code { path "{" A "}" } ! @Col ! @Col B } + @Fmta { @Col @Code { path "{" A "}" } ! @Col ! @Col B ! + @Col 0.5c @Wide ! @Col @Code { path "{" C "}" } ! @Col ! @Col D + } { @Rowa @@ -43,10 +45,8 @@ A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle // @Link from { A } to { B } path { line } arrow { yes } } } - -@Rowa - A { acurve } - B { + C { acurve } + D { @Diag { A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle // @Link from { A } to { B } path { acurve } arrow { yes } @@ -54,33 +54,31 @@ A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle } @Rowa - A { ccurve } + A { rvlcurve } B { @Diag { A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle -// @Link from { A } to { B } path { ccurve } arrow { yes } +// @Link from { A } to { B } path { rvlcurve } arrow { yes } } } - -@Rowa - A { rvlcurve } - B { + C { ccurve } + D { @Diag { A:: @Circle //1c ||2c B:: @Circle -// @Link from { A } to { B } path { rvlcurve } arrow { yes } +// @Link from { A } to { B } path { ccurve } arrow { yes } } } } -The name of the last one is a reminder that it goes right, then vertically, -then left, with curved corners. The @Code acurve and @Code ccurve values -produce circular arcs, anticlockwise and clockwise respectively, lying on -the circle passing through the endpoints, or through the centres of the -endpoints when they are tags denoting nodes. There is also @Code "curve" -which is an abbreviation for {@Code "acurve"}. All these standard paths -are defined in a way that makes sense no matter where the two nodes are -relative to each other, except that no promise of a sensible result is -made for two nodes very close together. +The name @Code rvlcurve is a reminder that the curve goes right, then +vertically, then left, with curved corners. The @Code acurve and +@Code ccurve values produce circular arcs, anticlockwise or clockwise, +lying on the circle passing through the endpoints, or through the +centres of the endpoints when they are tags denoting nodes. There +is also @Code "curve" which is an abbreviation for {@Code "acurve"}. +All these standard paths are defined in a way that makes sense no matter +where the two nodes are relative to each other, except that no promise +of a sensible result is made for two nodes very close together. @PP @Code "@Link" has two options, @Code bias and {@Code radius}, that may be diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } @@ -128,26 +126,27 @@ account when placing a diagram on the page: @ID { @Code @Verbatim { @Link - path { ccurve } + path { acurve } bias { 2c } } ||7ct @Diag vstrut { no } { A:: @Circle &3c B:: @Circle // -@Link path { ccurve } bias { 2c } from { A } to { B } +@Link path { acurve } bias { 2c } from { A } to { B } } } In such cases you have to arrange for the extra space yourself, by adding an extra paragraph symbol, blank row or column in a table, or whatever. @PP -As with the options of {@Code "@Node"}, the options of {@Code "@Link"} -may all be given to {@Code "@Diag"} as well, where they apply to every -link in the diagram, unless overridden in the usual way. They also appear -in the setup file, where they apply to every link in every diagram of the -document, unless overridden. +As with {@Code "@Node"} options, {@Code "@Link"} options may all be +given to {@Code "@Diag"} as well, where they apply to every link in +the diagram, unless overridden in the usual way. They also appear +in the setup file, where they apply to every link in every diagram +of the document, unless overridden. @PP -There are {@Code pathstyle}, {@Code pathdashlength} and {@Code pathwidth} +There are {@Code pathstyle}, {@Code pathdashlength}, {@Code pathwidth}, +and {@Code pathcolour} (alternative name {@Code pathcolor}) diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.pathstyle @SubIndex { @Code "pathstyle" option } pathstyle.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathstyle" option (diagrams) } @@ -157,13 +156,26 @@ pathdashlength.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathdashlength" option (diagrams) } diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.pathwidth @SubIndex { @Code "pathwidth" option } pathwidth.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathwidth" option (diagrams) } -options which affect the appearance of the path in the same way as the -{@Code outlinestyle}, {@Code outlinedashlength} and {@Code outlinewidth} -options of {@Code "@Node"} affect the outline. When {@Code pathstyle} -contains just one value (as opposed to a sequence of values) @Code "@Diag" -tries to divide the path into fewer segments than it would otherwise, to -make dashed and dotted paths look as good as possible. There is also -a {@Code pathgap} option which affects only @Code doubleline paths; it +diagrams.pathcolour @SubIndex { @Code "pathcolour" option } +pathcolour.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathcolour" option (diagrams) } +options which affect the path's appearance like the +{@Code outlinestyle}, {@Code outlinedashlength}, {@Code outlinewidth}, +and {@Code outlinecolour} options of {@Code "@Node"} affect its outline. +Here they are with their default values: +@ID { +@Code @Verbatim { +@Link + pathstyle { solid } + pathdashlength { 0.2f } + pathwidth { thin } + pathcolour { nochange } +} +} +When {@Code pathstyle} contains just one value (as opposed to a sequence +of values) @Code "@Diag" tries to divide the path into fewer segments +than it would otherwise, to make dashed and dotted paths look as good +as possible. There is also a {@Code pathgap} option which affects only +@Code doubleline paths; it diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.pathgap @SubIndex { @Code "pathgap" option } pathgap.diagrams @Index { @Code "pathgap" option (diagrams) } @@ -195,6 +207,7 @@ Its value may be {@Code no} (the default), {@Code yes}, {@Code forward} @Code @Verbatim { @Link arrow { both } + pathcolour { green } } ||7ct @Diag { @@ -204,11 +217,17 @@ Its value may be {@Code no} (the default), {@Code yes}, {@Code forward} from { 0,0 } to { 1,1 } arrow { both } + pathcolour { green } } } -@Code "@Link" has three options for controlling the appearance of -arrowheads: {@Code arrowstyle}, {@Code arrowwidth}, and -{@Code arrowlength}. Although every link symbol has these options, for +To colour the arrowheads differently you need {@Code fromlabel} and +{@Code tolabel}, described in Section {@NumberOf dia_labe}. Colouring +a link using `{@Code "green @Colour @Link ..."}' works too; it also +colours the link's labels. +@PP +@Code "@Link" offers {@Code arrowstyle}, {@Code arrowwidth}, and +{@Code arrowlength} options for changing the appearance of the +arrowheads. For diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.arrowstyle @SubIndex { @Code "arrowstyle" option } arrowstyle.diagrams @Index { @Code "arrowstyle" option (diagrams) } @@ -218,10 +237,10 @@ arrowwidth.diagrams @Index { @Code "arrowwidth" option (diagrams) } diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.arrowlength @SubIndex { @Code "arrowlength" option } arrowlength.diagrams @Index { @Code "arrowlength" option (diagrams) } -consistency it is almost always better to set the corresponding options -to the @Code "@Diag" symbol, which applies them to every arrow in the +consistency it is usually best to set the corresponding options to +the @Code "@Diag" symbol, which applies them to every arrow in the diagram: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @Diag arrowstyle { solid } arrowwidth { 0.3f } @@ -292,7 +311,7 @@ the point; the arrowhead itself is responsible for continuing the link path, at the appropriate width (although never dashed or dotted), from its base to its point, and hence can and does ensure that the link path does not overstrike and thicken the point of the arrow. -} +} &2s The arrow with style @Code solidwithbar has a bar at the tip of the arrowhead, whose length equals the width of the arrow and whose width is {@Code pathwidth}, like this: @@ -341,9 +360,9 @@ It is also possible to place an arbitrary object at the beginning or end of a link, using the @Code "fromlabel" and @Code "tolabel" options of Section {@NumberOf dia_labe}. @PP -To save time in common cases, @Code "@Diag" provides link symbols, -each of which is just @Code "@Link" with one of the standard paths -already set: {@Code "@Line"}, {@Code "@Curve"}, {@Code "@CCurve"}, +@Code "@Diag" offers link symbols which are just @Code "@Link" with +one of the standard paths already set: {@Code "@Line"}, +{@Code "@Curve"}, {@Code "@CCurve"}, diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.line @SubIndex { @Code "@Line" symbol } line.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Line" symbol (diagrams) } @@ -351,7 +370,7 @@ diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.curve @SubIndex { @Code "@Curve" symbol } curve.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Curve" symbol (diagrams) } {@Code "@RVLCurve"}, and so on. There are also symbols in which -the @Code "arrow" option is set to @Code yes in addition: {@Code "@Arrow"}, +the @Code "arrow" option is set to @Code yes as well: {@Code "@Arrow"}, diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.arrow.sym @SubIndex { @Code "@Arrow" symbol } arrow.sym.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Arrow" symbol (diagrams) } diff --git a/doc/user/dia_node b/doc/user/dia_node index 52f6b4d..af72196 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_node +++ b/doc/user/dia_node @@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ explains why this circle is too high for the space allowed it. Section {@NumberOf dia_summ} shows how each of the standard outlines is positioned over its base. @PP -The @Code "@Node" symbol has many options, but all of them without -exception share the following very useful property: they may be given -to the @Code "@Diag" symbol as well, where they apply to every node in -the diagram: +The @Code "@Node" symbol has many options. They all share a very +useful property: they may be given to the @Code "@Diag" symbol +as well, where they apply to every node in the diagram: @ID @OneRow { @Code @Verbatim { @Diag @@ -147,14 +146,13 @@ in this section for the @Code font option): @BNode keyword } } -Note that when giving an option directly to {@Code "@ANode"}, -{@Code "@BNode"}, {@Code "@CNode"}, {@Code "@DNode"}, and -{@Code "@ENode"}, the initial @Code { a }, @Code { b }, -@Code { c }, @Code { d }, or @Code { e } used with @Code "@Diag" -and in the setup file is omitted. +When giving an option directly to {@Code "@ANode"}, {@Code "@BNode"}, +{@Code "@CNode"}, {@Code "@DNode"}, and {@Code "@ENode"}, the initial +@Code { a }, @Code { b }, @Code { c }, @Code { d }, or @Code { e } +used with @Code "@Diag" and in the setup file is omitted. @PP To save time in simple cases, @Code "@Diag" provides nine other -node symbols called +node symbols: {@Code "@Box"}, diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.box @SubIndex { @Code "@Box" symbol } @@ -190,8 +188,8 @@ diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.circle @SubIndex { @Code "@Circle" symbol } circle.diagrams @Index { @Code "@Circle" symbol (diagrams) } and {@Code "@Circle"}. These are just abbreviations for @Code "@Node" -with the appropriate value of {@Code outline}, nothing more. They take -the same options as {@Code "@Node"} (except that @Code outline is +with its {@Code outline} option set, nothing more. They take the +same options as {@Code "@Node"} (except that @Code outline is already fixed), and everything works in the same way. @PP There is a @Code shadow option which determines the depth of the shadow @@ -265,7 +263,8 @@ given to any node, and also to {@Code "@Diag"} and in the setup file, where they apply to every node as usual. However, they only affect the appearance of shadow boxes and polygons, respectively. @PP -The {@Code outlinestyle}, {@Code outlinedashlength}, and {@Code outlinewidth} +The {@Code outlinestyle}, {@Code outlinedashlength}, {@Code outlinewidth}, +and {@Code outlinecolour} (alternative name {@Code outlinecolor}) diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.outlinestyle @SubIndex { @Code "outlinestyle" option } outlinestyle. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinestyle" option } @@ -278,6 +277,8 @@ diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.outlinewidth @SubIndex { @Code "outlinewidth" option } outlinewidth. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinewidth" option } outlinewidth.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } +outlinecolour. @RawIndex { @Code "outlinecolour" option } +outlinecolour.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } options apply to any node and affect the appearance of the outline: @ID @OneRow { @Code @Verbatim { @@ -285,6 +286,7 @@ options apply to any node and affect the appearance of the outline: outlinestyle { solid } outlinedashlength { 0.2f } outlinewidth { thin } + outlinecolour { nochange } { Hello, world } } ||7ct @@ -293,6 +295,7 @@ options apply to any node and affect the appearance of the outline: outlinestyle { solid } outlinedashlength { 0.2f } outlinewidth { thin } + outlinecolour { nochange } { Hello, world } } } @@ -336,11 +339,7 @@ segment, which usually looks better: } The length of dashes is {@Code outlinedashlength}, and the distance between dashes or dots is at most {@Code outlinedashlength}, -reduced to make the dashes or dots fit evenly. The @Code outlinewidth -option determines the width of the line, dashes, or dots, and may be -{@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or any length. The values -used for {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, and {@Code thick} are -{@Code 0.04f}, {@Code 0.08f}, and {@Code 0.12f}. +reduced to make the dashes or dots fit evenly. @PP The {@Code outlinestyle} option may contain a sequence of the values mentioned above, meaning that they are to be applied in turn to each @@ -363,6 +362,31 @@ to the first value again; this is why a single value is applied to all segments. Section {@NumberOf dia_summ} shows how each of the standard shapes is divided into segments. @PP +The @Code outlinewidth option gives the width of the line, dashes, +or dots, and may be {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or +any length. The values used for {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, and +{@Code thick} are {@Code 0.04f}, {@Code 0.08f}, and {@Code 0.12f}. +@PP +The {@Code outlinecolour} (alternatively {@Code outlinecolor}) option +determines the colour of the outline: +@ID @OneRow { +@Code @Verbatim { +@CurveBox + outlinestyle { cdashed } + outlinecolour { red } +{ Hello, world } +} +||7ct +@Diag { +@CurveBox + outlinestyle { cdashed } + outlinecolour { red } +{ Hello, world } +} +} +It may be {@Code nochange} (or empty) for the colour currently in +use, or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour}. +@PP The node symbols of @Code "@Diag" are quite separate symbols from the three basic box symbols of Section {@NumberOf boxes}. Although much is the same, one obvious difference between the two is that to get no @@ -398,7 +422,7 @@ paint.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } } In this example the object following @Code "@Box" is a diamond containing {@Code "Hello, world"}. The default value of @Code "paint" is {@Code none}, -a special value (not a colour) meaning don't use any paint. There is +a special value (not a colour) meaning `don't apply any paint'. There is also a @Code "texture" option which causes this paint to be applied with a diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.texture @SubIndex { @Code "texture" option } @@ -407,10 +431,10 @@ texture.option.in.diagrams @SubIndex { in diagrams } given texture. This works exacly like the @Code texture option described in Section {@NumberOf boxes}, so we'll say no more about it here. @PP -When painting it is important to know what order things are done in, because -anything put down earlier will disappear under the paint. This is why -@Code none and @Code white are different. Painting is done first, then -boundaries, and finally the following object. +When painting it is important to know what order things are done in, +because anything put down earlier will disappear under the paint. +This is why @Code none and @Code white are different. Painting is +done first, then outlines, and finally the following object. @PP Each node symbol has @Code "font" and @Code "break" options which may be used to @@ -544,11 +568,11 @@ other. For example, } } causes the feet of the boxes to be aligned. In this example it is -applied to all nodes at once, but of course it can be applied -to individual nodes as well. The value of {@Code valign} can be a -length, which means that the point of alignment is -to be that far down from the top of the base (including margins); or -it may be {@Code top}, {@Code ctr}, or {@Code foot}, meaning alignment +applied to all nodes at once, but, as usual, it can be applied to +individual nodes as well. The value of {@Code valign} can be a +length, which means that the point of alignment is to be that far +down from the top of the base (including margins); or it may be +{@Code top}, {@Code ctr}, or {@Code foot}, meaning alignment through the top, centre (the default value), or foot. @PP The {@Code vsize} option specifies a particular @@ -606,7 +630,7 @@ is to appear: } The value may be {@Code top} for at the top, {@Code ctr} (the default value) for in the centre, {@Code foot} for at the foot, or a length, -meaning that distance down from the top. These values are the same as +meaning that far down from the top. These values are the same as for the @Code valign option. @PP Small discrepancies in the size of nodes can be very annoying, @@ -689,8 +713,8 @@ hindent.diagrams @Index { @Code "hindent" option (diagrams) } diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.hstrut @SubIndex { @Code "hstrut" option } hstrut.diagrams @Index { @Code "hstrut" option (diagrams) } -options which work horizontally exactly as {@Code valign}, {@Code vsize}, -{@Code vindent}, and {@Code vstrut} work vertically, except that they +options that do horizontally exactly what {@Code valign}, {@Code vsize}, +{@Code vindent}, and {@Code vstrut} do vertically, except that they use {@Code left} and {@Code right} where the vertical ones use {@Code top} and {@Code foot}. The best way to fix horizontal size discrepancies is with {@Code hsize}, not {@Code hstrut}. diff --git a/doc/user/dia_posi b/doc/user/dia_posi index 5cf8d82..7b41f15 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_posi +++ b/doc/user/dia_posi @@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ @Title { Positioning } @Begin @PP -Once the nodes of the diagram are in place, @@Diag can be trusted to look +Once the nodes are in place, @@Diag can be trusted to look diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diagrams.positioning @SubIndex { positioning nodes } positioning.diagrams @Index { positioning nodes in diagrams } after the rest: links to standard outlines will terminate neatly on their boundaries, labels will not overstrike links no matter what direction they are heading, and so on. The great weakness of @@Diag is in positioning -the nodes. This is partly because `what pleases the eye' is the -positioning rule in many diagrams, and an interactive system is really -needed in such cases; and partly because, even when the rule is more formal -(for example, when the nodes are to be laid out in a grid), @@Diag does not -have symbols to produce it anyway. +the nodes. This is partly because `what pleases the eye' is often the +rule, and an interactive system is really needed in such cases; and +partly because, even when the rule is more formal (for example, when +the nodes are to be laid out in a grid), @@Diag does not have symbols +to produce it anyway. @PP Previous examples have used @Code "@DP" for getting nodes one under another, and white space between nodes for getting them side by side, but @@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ this is very primitive. This section suggests three better ways: using following section adds a fourth, using @@Diag's tree-drawing symbols. It's a bit of a jumble. @PP -The {@Code "@Tbl"} symbol (Chapter {@NumberOf tables}) is a good choice when -the nodes have any kind of grid-like arrangement: +{@Code "@Tbl"} (Chapter {@NumberOf tables}) is a good choice when +the nodes have any grid-like arrangement: @ID @OneRow { @Code @Verbatim { @Diag { @@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ the nodes have any kind of grid-like arrangement: @Arrow from { A } to { D } } } -The table occupies the nodes part. Tags may have the same name -as columns; the two can never conflict. +The table lies in the nodes part. Tags may share names +with columns; the two cannot conflict. @PP Similarly, the @Code "@Graph" symbol from Chapter {@NumberOf graphs} has an @Code "objects" option which can place arbitrary objects, diff --git a/doc/user/dia_summ b/doc/user/dia_summ index 661f1b9..6dd0383 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_summ +++ b/doc/user/dia_summ @@ -218,9 +218,9 @@ the {@Code nodelabel} options except for {@Code nodelabelpos}. hmargin { 1s } # vmargin { 0.6vx } @Fmth { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code " " ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code " " ! - @Col 1.0c @Wide ! @Col C } + @Col 0.3c @Wide ! @Col C } @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code "}" ! - @Col 1.0c @Wide ! @Col C } + @Col 0.3c @Wide ! @Col C } { @FirstRowh A { "@Node" } @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ any outline } C { {@Code solid}, {@Code dashed}, {@Code cdashed}, {@Code dotted}, {@Code dotdashed}, {@Code dotcdashed}, {@Code dotdotdashed}, {@Code dotdotcdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotcdashed}, -{@Code noline}, or any sequence of one or more of these values } +{@Code noline}, or any sequence of one or more of these } @Rowa A { " outlinedashlength"} B { 0.2f } @@ -266,6 +266,10 @@ any outline } B { thin } C { {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or any @I length } @Rowa + A { " outlinecolour" } + B { nochange } + C { @Code nochange or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } +@Rowa A { " paint" } B { none } C { @Code none or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } @@ -1243,9 +1247,9 @@ have been omitted where they are the same as the {@Code linklabel} options. hmargin { 1s } # vmargin { 0.6vx } @Fmth { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code " " ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code " " ! - @Col 1.0c @Wide ! @Col C } + @Col 0.3c @Wide ! @Col C } @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code "{" ! @Col @Code B ! @Col @Code "}" ! - @Col 1.0c @Wide ! @Col C } + @Col 0.3c @Wide ! @Col C } { @Rowh A { "@Link" } @@ -1324,6 +1328,10 @@ have been omitted where they are the same as the {@Code linklabel} options. B { thin } C { {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or any @I length } @Rowa + A { " pathcolour" } + B { nochange } + C { @Code nochange or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour} } +@Rowa A { " pathgap" } B { thin } C { {@Code thin}, {@Code medium}, {@Code thick}, or any @I length } diff --git a/doc/user/dia_synt b/doc/user/dia_synt index 48f341b..de0811c 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_synt +++ b/doc/user/dia_synt @@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ The basic components of syntax diagrams are @I { category cells }, shown as boxes in the example above and obtained with the @Code "@ACell" symbol; @I { keyword cells }, shown as curved boxes and obtained with {@Code "@BCell"}; and @I { punctuation cells }, -containing punctuation symbols small enough to be enclosed in circles, -and obtained with {@Code "@CCell"}. After each symbol, place whatever +containing symbols small enough to be enclosed in circles, and +obtained with {@Code "@CCell"}. After each symbol, place whatever has to go inside the cell: @ID @OneRow { @Code @Verbatim { @StartRight @BCell loop } diff --git a/doc/user/dia_tags b/doc/user/dia_tags index 67ad6a0..71a423d 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_tags +++ b/doc/user/dia_tags @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ A tag may only be used later in the text of the diagram than the place where it is defined. @PP Standard tags like @Code N and @Code S are not much use as they are, -since in general there will be many nodes and hence many @Code N and +since in general there will be many nodes and so many @Code N and @Code S tags. The retagging symbol, {@Code "::"}, solves this problem: @ID { @Code { @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ better to avoid the whole problem by not using digits.) @PP When a tag lies within the object following some node, it is automatically retagged in this way with tag {@Code IN}. For example, in -@ID @Code @Verbatim { +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @Square @Circle Hello } @@ -149,10 +149,10 @@ effects on the positioning of labels of the outer node if inner tags are not retagged. @PP Although @Code from and @Code to are just two of several options within -@Code "@Diag" where a point is expected, and hence where a tag may be -given, they have a special virtue not shared by any other options. It is -possible to give the name of an entire node, not just a tag denoting one -point, to them: +@Code "@Diag" where a point is expected, and so where a tag may be given, +they have a special virtue not shared by other options. It is possible +to give the name of an entire node, not just a tag denoting one point, +to them: @ID { @Code @Verbatim { A:: @Circle diff --git a/doc/user/dia_tree b/doc/user/dia_tree index 52f52f6..2845b89 100644 --- a/doc/user/dia_tree +++ b/doc/user/dia_tree @@ -347,10 +347,9 @@ and its subtrees: } } } -These options may also be given to individual subtree symbols, although -@Code "treevsep" works as expected only with @Code "@LeftSub" and -{@Code "@FirstSub"}, since these determine the vertical separation of -all children of their parent. +These may also be given to individual subtree symbols; @Code "treevsep" +works only with @Code "@LeftSub" and {@Code "@FirstSub"}, since these +determine the vertical separation of all children of their parent. @PP The @Code "treehindent" option determines where the root of a non-binary diagrams. @RawIndex { diagrams } diff --git a/doc/user/fmt_head b/doc/user/fmt_head index da88b24..a47a16f 100644 --- a/doc/user/fmt_head +++ b/doc/user/fmt_head @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ it means that the last one is empty. } @EndList These classifications are quite independent of each other: a page could be a non-intro start odd page, or an intro non-start even page, -and so on. This makes eight (@Eq { 2 times 2 times 2 }) possibilities +and so on. This makes eight (@M { 2 times 2 times 2 }) possibilities altogether. Depending on the type of document there may also be pages that Lout will never place a page header or footer on (e.g. pages containing part titles in books). @@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ Arabic, Roman, etc. as specified by the @Code "@PageNumbers" or within page header and footer options. @PP To get the @I last page into a header, so that you can have page -headers like `Page 5 of 8', you need @Code "@NumberOf last.page" as +headers like `Page 5 of 8', you need @Code "@PageOf last.page" as described in Section {@NumberOf cross}. You might have -@ID @Code "@Centre { Page @PageNum of @NumberOf last.page }" +@ID @Code "@Centre { Page @PageNum of @PageOf last.page }" as the value of @Code "@EvenTop" and the rest. @PP At this point you might like to pause and verify that the default diff --git a/doc/user/fmt_marg b/doc/user/fmt_marg index bc02956..c3a98b0 100644 --- a/doc/user/fmt_marg +++ b/doc/user/fmt_marg @@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ for ordinary margins, the total (left plus right) page body margin must be the same on odd and even pages. Margin notes (Section {@NumberOf marginnotes}) occupy body margin space. @PP -You can have a box drawn around each page if you wish. Here are the -relevant options and their default values: +You can draw a box around each page. The relevant options and their +default values are @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @PageBoxType { None } @PageBoxMargin { 1.00c } @@ -93,30 +93,28 @@ centimetre margin between its boundary and the page contents. If the left margin is 2.5 centimetres, say, this gives a total left margin from the page edge to the page contents of 3.5 centimetres. @PP -More generally, you can enclose each page in any object at all, by -means of the @Code "@PageEnclose" option: +More generally, you can enclose each page in any object at all, +using @Code "@PageEnclose": @ID @Code { "@PageEnclose { @Body }" } -Within this option, @Code "@Body" stands for the page, and it must -occur exactly once. You could place a curved box around each page, -for example, by writing +Within the @Code "@PageEnclose" option, @Code "@Body" stands for the +page, and it must occur exactly once. You could place a curved box +around each page, for example, by writing @ID @Code { "@PageEnclose { @CurveBox @Body }" } -This is of course also available from the @Code "@PageBox" symbols, but -with @Code "@PageEnclose" there are infinitely many other possibilities. +This could be done with {@Code "@PageBox"}, but @Code "@PageEnclose" +offers infinitely many possibilities. @PP -Finally, it is possible to have something other than the usual white -background on the page, using the @Code "@PageBackground" option: +@Code "@PageBackground" replaces the usual white background of the page: page.background @Index @Code "@PageBackground" @ID @Code { "@PageBackground { @Scale 60d @Rotate lightgrey @Colour DRAFT }" } -The value of the option is an object which is drawn on each page, -within the margins, before the page contents are drawn. This -example draws a large word DRAFT in light grey diagonally across each -page: +Its value is an object which is drawn on each page, within the +margins, before the page contents are drawn. This example draws +a large word DRAFT in light grey diagonally across each page: @ID @Box margin { 0c } 0.2 @Scale @IncludeGraphic draft.eps You have to find a suitable angle by experiment. As Section {@NumberOf scaling} explains, @Code "@Scale" with no scale factor diff --git a/doc/user/fmt_setu b/doc/user/fmt_setu index acc0da0..2e38a0d 100644 --- a/doc/user/fmt_setu +++ b/doc/user/fmt_setu @@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ in Unix. This causes Lout to print out various facts about itself. Then, supposing that this tells you that the Lout system include directory is @Code { "/usr/lout/include" }, type the Unix command @ID @Code "cp /usr/lout/include/doc mydoc" -to place a copy of the @Code doc setup file in your directory, +to copy the @Code doc setup file into your directory, mydoc.file @Index { @Code "mydoc" file } renaming it @Code {mydoc}. Since @Code "doc" is read-only, you may -also need to change the mode of @Code mydoc to be writable (by +need to change the mode of @Code mydoc to be writable (by @Code "chmod +w mydoc" in Unix). Now replace @ID @Code "@SysInclude { doc }" at the beginning of your document by diff --git a/doc/user/fmt_size b/doc/user/fmt_size index 550bf57..8418f30 100644 --- a/doc/user/fmt_size +++ b/doc/user/fmt_size @@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ the @Code "@PageType" option to the name of the paper you use: @Rowa A { A3 } B { 842p } C { 1190p } @Rowa A { A4 } B { 595p } C { 842p } @Rowa A { A5 } B { 420p } C { 595p } +@Rowa A { ISOB4 } B { 709p } C { 1001p } +@Rowa A { ISOB5 } B { 499p } C { 709p } +@Rowa A { JISB4 } B { 729p } C { 1032p } +@Rowa A { JISB5 } B { 516p } C { 729p } @Rowa A { B4 } B { 729p } C { 1032p } @Rowa A { B5 } B { 516p } C { 729p } @Rowa A { Folio } B { 612p } C { 936p } @@ -43,9 +47,11 @@ the @Code "@PageType" option to the name of the paper you use: } This will automatically assign the widths and heights shown above to the @Code "@PageWidth" and @Code "@PageHeight" options, so you don't -have to worry about those options. If your paper size is not on this -list, set @Code "@PageType" to @Code Other and supply your own width -and height: +have to worry about those options. It is recommended that {@Code ISOB4} +or {@Code JISB4} be used instead of {@Code B4}, and that {@Code ISOB5} +or {@Code JISB5} be used instead of {@Code B5}. If your paper size +is not on this list, set @Code "@PageType" to @Code Other and supply +your own width and height: page.width @Index @Code "@PageWidth" page.height @Index @Code "@PageHeight" @ID @Tab @@ -89,8 +95,9 @@ the basic ones: A { "@PageOrientation { ReverseLandscape }" } B { @Box 1.4c @Wide 1.0c @High { //1rt &1rt 180d @Rotate Hello } } } -@Code ReverseLandscape might be useful when post-processing the PostScript -output to print two landscape pages per sheet. The @Code "@PageOrientation" -symbol is available at the start of a document, as well as in the setup -file, like {@Code "@InitialFont"} and {@Code "@PageHeaders"}. +# @Code ReverseLandscape might be useful when post-processing the +# PostScript output to print two landscape pages per sheet. +The @Code "@PageOrientation" symbol is available at the start of a +document, as well as in the setup file, like {@Code "@InitialFont"} +and {@Code "@PageHeaders"}. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/gra_data b/doc/user/gra_data index f39c751..318cd20 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_data +++ b/doc/user/gra_data @@ -50,14 +50,13 @@ centred over the data point. There is a @Code "symbolsize" graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } graphs.symbolsize @SubIndex { @Code symbolsize option } symbolsize.graph @Index { @Code "symbolsize" option (graphs) } -option which controls the size (radius) of all these symbols, -and a @Code "symbollinewidth" option -@FootNote { -The @Code "symbollinewidth" option was introduced in Version 3.37, -as part of a bug fix which also caused the printed size of some -symbols to change slightly. -} -which controls their line width: +option which controls the size (radius) of all these symbols, and +a @Code "symbollinewidth" option which controls their line width: +# @FootNote { +# The @Code "symbollinewidth" option was introduced in Version 3.37, +# as part of a bug fix which also caused the printed size of some +# symbols to change slightly. +# } @ID @OneRow @Code { "@Data" " symbolsize { 0.15f }" diff --git a/doc/user/gra_erro b/doc/user/gra_erro index f71a251..2a11dba 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_erro +++ b/doc/user/gra_erro @@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ everything may be correct but the graph is too large in some way: too much data, expression too deeply nested, and so on. @PP When an error is detected, @Code "@Graph" arranges for the offending page -to be printed up to the point where the error occurred, with a message -nearby describing the error. Printing of the document is then -aborted. The problem is usually easy to locate since it lies in whatever -should have been printed next. +to be printed up to where the error occurred, with a message describing +the error. Printing of the document is then aborted. The problem is +usually easy to locate since it lies in whatever should have been printed +next. @PP If you see @Code VMerror in an error message, it means that the printer has run out of memory. All the data is stored in the printer while the @@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ save.in.graphs @SubIndex { in graphs } ... } This causes the memory used by the graph to be reclaimed as soon as -the graph is printed, which might well solve your problem if you have -several graphs on one page. However, if the graph is nested -inside some other major Lout package, notably {@Code "@Diag"}, this -option could cause PostScript errors in that package. +the graph is printed, which might solve your problem if you have +several graphs on one page. However, if the graph is inside some +other major package, notably {@Code "@Diag"}, this could cause +PostScript errors in that package. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/gra_func b/doc/user/gra_func index a2d6fdc..fbe3df4 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_func +++ b/doc/user/gra_func @@ -62,9 +62,6 @@ for @M { x } from 10 to 500: The @Code "do" option of @Code xloop is replicated repeatedly with each occurrence of @Code x replaced by 10, 30, 50, ... up to 490. The result is -@FootNote { Source: Jeffrey H. Kingston, Analysis of tree algorithms -for the simulation event list. @I { Acta Informatica } {@B 22}, -pp. 15--33 (1985). } @CD -2p @Font @Graph style { axes } xorigin { 0 } @@ -96,7 +93,9 @@ pp. 15--33 (1985). } } } } -The points are connected by straight line segments as usual, but a +(Jeffrey H. Kingston, Analysis of tree algorithms for the simulation +event list. @I { Acta Informatica } {@B 22}, pp. 15--33 1985). The +points are connected by straight line segments as usual, but a smallish @Code "by" option of about one-twentieth of the range creates the illusion of a smooth curve quite well. @PP @@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ the document, and we do not want the literal word @Code "tan" to be taken as a symbol. @PP Next comes the symbol's precedence, in this case the same as @Code "sin" and -@Code "cos" (see Section {@NumberOf dia_summ} for the precedence of +@Code "cos" (see Section {@NumberOf grsummary} for the precedence of each symbol). Next is a list of the formal parameters, in this case just one, called {@Code "x"}, that is to be passed on the right. @PP diff --git a/doc/user/gra_intr b/doc/user/gra_intr index 28dfd1b..94d2cd3 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_intr +++ b/doc/user/gra_intr @@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ you want graphs, like this: "..." "@End @Text" } -Setup files for specialized packages, such as {@Code "graph"}, should be -included before the main setup file. Once this is done, the @Code "@Graph" -symbol used below will then be available for use anywhere within your document. +Setup files like {@Code "graph"} are best included before the main +setup file. Once this is done, the @Code "@Graph" symbol will be +available for use anywhere within your document. @PP @Code "@Graph" distinguishes between the overall graph, produced by the @Code "@Graph" symbol itself, and the data sets to be placed within it, @@ -47,5 +47,5 @@ per line, for example. The result of this example is We have used the @Code "@CentredDisplay" symbol from Section {@NumberOf displays} to produce a centred display, but the @Code "@Graph" symbol produces an object which may appear anywhere -at all -- in a figure, for example, or as an entry in a table. +at all. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/gra_over b/doc/user/gra_over index a2f5467..4f7eae6 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_over +++ b/doc/user/gra_over @@ -6,7 +6,16 @@ The overall appearance of the graph is controlled by options to the @Code "@Graph" symbol. As usual, these options follow the @Code "@Graph" symbol, with their values enclosed in braces; they may appear in any order, -and if omitted are assigned some sensible default value. +and if omitted are assigned some sensible default value. The default +values may be changed by setting options in the setup file as usual. +@PP +There is a @Code "font" option for changing the font throughout the +graph, whose value is anything suitable for passing to Lout's +@Code "@Font" symbol. Indeed, you can get the same effect by +placing a @Code "@Font" symbol immediately before @Code "@Graph" +in the usual way. However, the @Code "font" option is useful +because it can be set in the setup file, where it applies to +every graph in your document. @PP There is a @Code "style" option for controlling the overall style of the graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } @@ -32,7 +41,8 @@ graphs. @RawIndex { graphs (statistical) } graphs.yorigin @SubIndex { @Code yorigin option } yorigin.graph @Index { @Code "yorigin" option (graphs) } @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { --2p @Font @Graph +@Graph + font { -2p } style { axes } xorigin { 0 } yorigin { 0 } @@ -59,9 +69,7 @@ yorigin.graph @Index { @Code "yorigin" option (graphs) } } } } -We have requested a smaller font size for this graph as a whole by -preceding it with {@Code "-2p @Font"}, meaning two points smaller, and -we have used some other options which will be explained shortly. The +We have used some other options which will be explained shortly. The resulting graph has an x axis and a y axis instead of a frame, like this: @CD -2p @Font @Graph style { axes } diff --git a/doc/user/gra_summ b/doc/user/gra_summ index 60e9a8e..7854efb 100644 --- a/doc/user/gra_summ +++ b/doc/user/gra_summ @@ -20,6 +20,26 @@ their possible values are: B { frame } C { {@Code frame}, {@Code grid}, {@Code axes}, or {@Code none} } @Rowa + A { font } + B { } + C { Any value suitable for {@Code "@Font"} } +@Rowa + A { xorigin } + B { none } + C { {@Code none} or any @I number } +@Rowa + A { yorigin } + B { none } + C { {@Code none} or any @I number } +@Rowa + A { xlog } + B { none } + C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 1 } +@Rowa + A { ylog } + B { none } + C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 1 } +@Rowa A { width } B { 6.0c } C { any @I distance } @@ -29,12 +49,12 @@ their possible values are: C { any @I distance } @Rowa A { xextra } - B { 0.5c } - C { any @I distance ({@Code axes} and {@Code none} default is {@Code "0c"}) } + B { auto } + C { any @I distance ({@Code auto} means @Code "0.5c" for {@Code frame} else {@Code "0c"}) } @Rowa A { yextra } - B { 0.5c } - C { any @I distance ({@Code axes} and {@Code none} default is {@Code "0c"}) } + B { auto } + C { any @I distance ({@Code auto} means @Code "0.5c" for {@Code frame} else {@Code "0c"}) } @Rowa A { xdecreasing } B { no } @@ -80,22 +100,6 @@ their possible values are: B { yes } C { @Code yes or @Code no } @Rowa - A { xorigin } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number } -@Rowa - A { yorigin } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number } -@Rowa - A { xlog } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 1 } -@Rowa - A { ylog } - B { none } - C { {@Code none} or any @I number greater than 1 } -@Rowa A { xmin } B { none } C { @Code none or any {@I number} } @@ -126,18 +130,15 @@ their possible values are: @Rowa A { xticks } B { auto } - C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto meaning -automatic } + C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto (automatic) } @Rowa A { yticks } B { auto } - C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto meaning -automatic } + C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto (automatic) } @Rowa A { rticks } B { } - C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto meaning -automatic } + C { @I sequence (of numbers and strings), or @Code auto (automatic) } @Rowa A { xticklength } B { 0.5f } @@ -156,12 +157,24 @@ automatic } C { sequence of {@Code "@CTR"}, {@Code "@NW"}, {@Code "@SW"}, {@Code "@SE"}, {@Code "@NE"}, {@Code "@N"}, {@Code "@W"}, {@Code "@S"}, {@Code "@E"} symbols } @Rowa + A { save } + B { no } + C { {@Code no} or {@Code yes} } +@Rowa A { points } B { none } C { {@Code none}, {@Code plus}, {@Code cross}, {@Code square}, {@Code filledsquare}, {@Code diamond}, {@Code filleddiamond}, {@Code circle}, {@Code filledcircle}, {@Code triangle}, {@Code filledtriangle} } @Rowa + A { symbolsize } + B { 0.15f } + C { any @I distance } +@Rowa + A { symbollinewidth } + B { 0.5p } + C { any @I distance } +@Rowa A { pairs } B { none } C { {@Code none}, {@Code solid}, {@Code dashed}, {@Code dotted}, @@ -169,13 +182,21 @@ automatic } {@Code yhisto}, {@Code xhisto}, {@Code filledyhisto}, {@Code filledxhisto}, {@Code surfaceyhisto}, {@Code surfacexhisto} } @Rowa + A { dashlength } + B { 0.2f } + C { any @I distance } +@Rowa + A { linewidth } + B { 0.5p } + C { any @I distance } +@Rowa A { "colour/color" } B { none } C { {@Code none} or any colour from Section {@NumberOf colour}} @Rowa A { paint } B { no } - C { {@Code no} or {@Code yes} } + C { {@Code none}, {@Code no}, or {@Code yes} } @Rowa A { texture } B { solid } @@ -184,22 +205,6 @@ automatic } A { dataformat } B { xandy } C { {@Code xandy}, {@Code yonly}, {@Code xonly}, {@Code swapxandy} } -@Rowa - A { dashlength } - B { 0.2f } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { linewidth } - B { 0.5p } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { symbolsize } - B { 0.15f } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { symbollinewidth } - B { 0.5p } - C { any @I distance } } @I Number means an ordinary decimal number; @I distance means a number with a unit of measurement (Section {@NumberOf objects}), such as @@ -251,12 +256,24 @@ their possible values are: {@Code circle}, {@Code filledcircle}, {@Code triangle}, {@Code filledtriangle} } @Rowa + A { symbolsize } + C { any @I distance } +@Rowa + A { symbollinewidth } + C { any @I distance } +@Rowa A { pairs } C { {@Code none}, {@Code solid}, {@Code dashed}, {@Code dotted}, {@Code dotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdashed}, {@Code dotdotdotdashed}, {@Code yhisto}, {@Code xhisto}, {@Code filledyhisto}, {@Code filledxhisto}, {@Code surfaceyhisto}, {@Code surfacexhisto} } @Rowa + A { dashlength } + C { any @I distance } +@Rowa + A { linewidth } + C { any @I distance } +@Rowa A { "colour/color" } C { {@Code none}, or any colour name from Section {@NumberOf colour} } @Rowa @@ -268,24 +285,23 @@ their possible values are: @Rowa A { dataformat } C { {@Code xandy}, {@Code yonly}, {@Code xonly} } -@Rowa - A { dashlength } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { linewidth } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { symbolsize } - C { any @I distance } -@Rowa - A { symbollinewidth } - C { any @I distance } @Rowb A { @Code "{" @I sequence @Code "}" } C { any @I sequence } } @I Inherited means that the default value is taken from the @Code "@Graph" option with the same name. +Furthermore, every option of {@Code "@Graph"} and {@Code "@Data"}, +as well as of {@Code "@GraphPlus"}, {@Code "@GraphNoLine"}, and the +other symbols from Section {@NumberOf key}, appears in the setup file, +and giving a value to an option there makes that value the default +value for every {@Code "@Graph"} in your document. For example, +if you want every data set in every graph to use {@Code "dashed"} +for {@Code "pairs"}, you can set the @Code "pairs" option in the +setup file to {@Code "dashed"}, and then all your data sets will +have dashed lines unless you override the setup file value by +some other value to the {@Code "pairs"} option of a {@Code "@Graph"} +or @Code "@Data" symbol. @PP The right parameter of @Code "@Data" contains a @I sequence of zero or more {@I expressions}. The {@Code xticks}, {@Code yticks}, and diff --git a/doc/user/mat_summ b/doc/user/mat_summ index f6bf1a2..e1e1d55 100644 --- a/doc/user/mat_summ +++ b/doc/user/mat_summ @@ -947,7 +947,6 @@ uniformly @Code "no" as required by mathematical convention. The @Code "largeop" symbol causes an arbitrary object to be treated mathematics.largeop. @SubIndex { @Code "largeop" symbol } largeop. @Index { @Code "largeop" symbol (mathematics) } -options which work as described for the @Code "sum" symbol as a large operator: @ID { @Code @Verbatim { largeop symbol { diamond } from { a } to { b } x } diff --git a/doc/user/preface b/doc/user/preface index b87b3ef..99310c7 100644 --- a/doc/user/preface +++ b/doc/user/preface @@ -15,20 +15,20 @@ with the software. @PP Lout is distributed free of charge under the GNU Public License. The gnu. @Index { GNU Public License } -primary source is directory +primary source is @ID @Code "ftp://ftp.it.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout" -containing a gzipped tar file of the current version -(currently {@Code "lout-3.39.tar.gz"}), and various other things including -a PostScript version of this guide. The distribution contains source code, -libraries, documentation, license, and installation instructions. +containing a gzipped tar file of the current version, and various +other things including a PostScript version of this guide. The +distribution contains source code, libraries, documentation, +license, and installation instructions. @PP A mailing list has been set up for discussion of all topics related to Lout. To subscribe (or unsubscribe), visit @ID @Code "http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/lout-users" After subscribing, to post an item send email to {@Code "lout-users@nongnu.org"}; it will be forwarded to all -subscribers via email. There is also a Lout web -site at {@Code "http://lout.wiki.sourceforge.net/"}. +subscribers via email. There is also a web +site at {@Code "http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lout"}. @PP Lout began in 1984 as a research project into the design of a high-level language for document formatting. At that time my name for the subject @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Scribe system @Cite { $reid1980scribe }. That scribe. @RawIndex { Scribe } scribe.influence @SubIndex { influence on Lout } reid.b @Index { Reid, Brian K. } -research phase ended in October 1991 with the first public release of Lout. +research phase ended in October 1991 with the first public release. @PP Since then the system has been steadily improved and extended. Optimal paragraph breaking and automatic hyphenation were copied from Donald diff --git a/doc/user/prg b/doc/user/prg index 11d4b7d..fcda27e 100644 --- a/doc/user/prg +++ b/doc/user/prg @@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ c. @Index { C and C++ program printing } eiffel. @Index { Eiffel program printing } haskell. @Index { Haskell program printing } java. @Index { Java program printing } +javascript. @Index { Javascript program printing } nonpareil. @Index { Nonpareil program printing } perl. @Index { Perl program printing } pod. @Index { Pod (for Perl) printing } python. @Index { Python program printing } rsl. @Index { RSL program printing } ruby. @Index { Ruby program printing } +tcl. @Index { Tcl program printing } @CD @Tbl mv { 0.5vx } af { Italic } @@ -65,6 +67,12 @@ ruby. @Index { Ruby program printing } D { fixed } E { No } @Rowb + A { Javascript } + B { javascript } + C { "@JavaScript" } + D { fixed } + E { No } +@Rowb A { Nonpareil } B { np } C { "@Nonpareil" } @@ -100,6 +108,12 @@ ruby. @Index { Ruby program printing } C { "@Ruby" } D { fixed } E { No } +@Rowb + A { Tcl } + B { tcl } + C { "@Tcl" } + D { fixed } + E { No } rb { yes } } C and C++ are handled together since, for formatting purposes, they @@ -127,10 +141,9 @@ or interpret in some way (braces and so on), ensuring that you can include program texts with absolutely no modifications; plus, if you wish, Lout will print keywords in bold, identifiers in italics, add line numbers, etc. @PP -It is relatively easy to add new languages, since you don't have to write -executable code, just declare a lot of records describing your language. -Consult the instructions at the top of file {@I prg2lout.c} if you want -to try it yourself. +It is fairly easy to add new languages: you don't have to write +executable code, just declare records describing your language. +There are instructions at the top of file {@I prg2lout.c}. @BeginSections @Include { prg_lone } @Include { prg_embe } diff --git a/doc/user/prg_embe b/doc/user/prg_embe index 3228426..c7d2952 100644 --- a/doc/user/prg_embe +++ b/doc/user/prg_embe @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ this for the C language: @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @IndentedDisplay @CP { #include <stdio.h> - treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ { if (p != NULL) { @@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ allowing the program text to be incorporated with absolutely no modifications. The result is @ID @OneRow @CP { #include <stdio.h> - treeprint(struct tnode *p) /* print tree p recursively */ { if (p != NULL) { diff --git a/doc/user/ref b/doc/user/ref index 6ea5782..baf81e7 100644 --- a/doc/user/ref +++ b/doc/user/ref @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ or tagged list at the end of your document. If you use references only rarely, that is probably the best way, but if you use them frequently this chapter will save you hours of work in the long run. @PP -Some good general principles and many examples have been given by van Leunen +Some good principles and many examples have been given by van Leunen van.leunen. @Index { van Leunen, Mary-Claire } @Cite { $vanleunen1992handbook }. Broadly speaking Lout follows her recommendations, with some unification and scaling back as is inevitable @@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ latex. @Index @LaTeX scribe. @RawIndex Scribe scribe.reference @SubIndex { reference formatting } and @LaTeX @Cite { $lamport1986latex } followed the first edition of the -same source, so translation from Scribe and @LaTeX references is -fairly straightforward. +same source. +# , so translation from Scribe and @LaTeX references is +# fairly straightforward. @BeginSections @Include { ref_sett } @Include { ref_cite } diff --git a/doc/user/ref_cite b/doc/user/ref_cite index 925d61e..c2ea68c 100644 --- a/doc/user/ref_cite +++ b/doc/user/ref_cite @@ -29,22 +29,21 @@ reference list only once. The references will ordinarily be sorted by tag and labelled with Arabic numbers, although this can be changed by setting options in the setup file (Section {@NumberOf changeref}). @PP -If you are making a book, there is a @Code "@ChapCite" symbol which is +In books, there is a @Code "@ChapCite" symbol which is references. @RawIndex { references } references.chap.cite @SubIndex { @Code "@ChapCite" } chap.cite.references @Index { @Code "@ChapCite" (references) } the same as @Code "@Cite" except that its references come out at the -end of the current preface, introduction, chapter, or appendix, rather -than at the end of the document. +end of the current preface, introduction, chapter, or appendix. @PP -It is quite all right to cite a reference from within a footnote, figure, -table, or index entry. The reference will appear in the closest -reference list following the citation point in the final printed document, -or if there is no such list, the closest preceding reference list. This -is fine in documents with just one reference list; but when using -@Code "@ChapCite" in books, if the citation point appears after the intended -reference list (because the footnote or figure has floated past the reference -list at the end of the chapter), the reference will come out in the wrong list. +A citation may appear in a footnote, figure, table, or index entry. +The reference will appear in the first reference list after the +citation point, or if none, in the closest preceding reference list. +This is fine in documents with just one reference list; but when +using @Code "@ChapCite" in books, if the citation point appears +after the intended reference list (because the footnote or figure +has floated past the reference list at the end of the chapter), +the reference will come out in the wrong list. @PP Although it is frowned upon by the authorities, some people include references which are not cited anywhere in the body of their document. For @@ -60,8 +59,8 @@ produces ... our scope @NoCite { $kingston1995lout.expert $kingston1993lout.design }. } with the @Code "@NoCite" symbol and any preceding space removed. The -references will nevertheless appear in the reference list as usual. Note -that if you put commas between the references inside @Code "@NoCite" you +references nevertheless appear in the reference list as usual. If +you put commas between the references inside @Code "@NoCite" you will get commas in the output (so don't). There is a @Code "@NoChapCite" symbol that combines @Code "@NoCite" and references. @RawIndex { references } diff --git a/doc/user/ref_crea b/doc/user/ref_crea index 637bca5..7a01ac9 100644 --- a/doc/user/ref_crea +++ b/doc/user/ref_crea @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ @Tag { refstyles } @Begin @PP -Although the set of options to the @Code "@Reference" symbol -({@Code "@Tag"}, {@Code "@Type"}, {@Code "@Author"}, etc.) is fixed, you -can add your own reference types and change the formatting of existing types. -@PP -To do this you must be using your own setup file, as explained in -Section {@NumberOf setup}. At the end of the setup file you will find -this line: +Although the options of @Code "@Reference" ({@Code "@Tag"}, +{@Code "@Type"}, {@Code "@Author"}, etc.) are fixed, you can add your +own reference types and change the formatting of existing types. To +do this you must use your own setup file, as explained in +Section {@NumberOf setup}. At the end of the setup file is this line: references. @RawIndex { references } references.refstyle @SubIndex { @Code "@RefStyle" } refstyle.references @Index { @Code "@RefStyle" (references) } @@ -34,11 +32,11 @@ Unix command Then, supposing that the Lout system database directory is {@Code "/usr/lout/data"}, type @ID @Code "cp /usr/lout/data/refstyle.ld mystyle.ld" -to place a copy of the @Code "refstyle.ld" database file in your +to copy @Code "refstyle.ld" into your mystyle.ld.file @Index { @Code "mystyle.ld" file} -directory, renaming it {@Code "mystyle.ld"}. Since @Code "refstyle.ld" -is read-only, you may also need to change the mode of @Code "mystyle.ld" -to be writable (by @Code "chmod +w mystyle.ld" in Unix). Now replace +directory, renamed {@Code "mystyle.ld"}. Since @Code "refstyle.ld" +is read-only, you may need to change @Code "mystyle.ld" +to be writable (@Code "chmod +w mystyle.ld" in Unix). Now replace @ID @Code "@SysDatabase @RefStyle { refstyle }" at the end of your setup file by @ID @Code "@Database @RefStyle { mystyle }" @@ -67,27 +65,26 @@ might look something like this: } } } -The meaning of the first two lines is beyond our scope, except that -@Code "Book" on the first line means that this is the entry which -defines how references of type @Code Book will be printed. Fortunately, -apart from this one word these two lines are the same in every -reference style entry so you don't need to understand them. The -important part is in the middle: +The first two lines are beyond our scope, except that @Code "Book" +identifies this as the entry defining how references of type +@Code Book appear. Apart from this one word these lines are the +same in every reference style, so you don't need to understand +them. The important part is in the middle: @ID @Code "@Author. @I @Title. @Publisher, @Year." The meaning should be clear: first print the author option and a full stop, then the title option and another full stop in italics, and so -on. To change the formatting of books, change this object. To create -a new reference type, copy the entire database entry, change @Code Book -to a new name of your choice, and change the middle part. Don't forget -to delete the index file @Code "mystyle.li" afterwards, if there is one, -so that Lout knows to generate it afresh. +on. To change the @Code Book format, change this object. To create +a new reference type, copy the whole entry, change @Code Book to a +new name of your choice, and change the middle part. Delete index +file @Code "mystyle.li" (if there is one) so that Lout knows to +regenerate it. @PP Although the entry shown above is perfectly viable, the real entry for @Code Book is much more complicated, in part because there are more options than those basic four, but mainly because the real entry goes to great lengths to do the right thing when options are omitted: @ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.45vx } + vmargin { 0.5vx } @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col @Code B } { @Rowa A { "{ Book @RefStyle @Style" } @@ -124,9 +121,9 @@ and meaning. Sub-conditions may be enclosed in braces if desired, although it is best to keep the conditions as simple as possible given the complexity of the whole setup. @PP -The objects subject to @Code "@If" are printed with no space preceding -them; any space in the final print will be the result of space within -them, not between them. This is why @Code "@If @True" is not redundant. +The objects subject to @Code "@If" are printed with no preceding space; +any space in the result will be from space within them, not between +them. This is why @Code "@If @True" is not redundant. @PP The object @Code "@Word&¬itle" produces @Code "No title" in the current language; @Code "@Word&&pages" produces {@Code pages} in the diff --git a/doc/user/ref_entr b/doc/user/ref_entr index e4c4b17..e5949fc 100644 --- a/doc/user/ref_entr +++ b/doc/user/ref_entr @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Here is the complete, fixed list of options that you may give to the @Code "@Reference" symbol: @ID @Tab - vmargin { 0.5vx } + vmargin { 0.47vx } @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } { @Rowa @@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ similar to {@Code InBook}. @PP A database usually has a long life, and some day it might find itself used in a document whose language is not the one its original compiler -had in mind. For this reason, a truly meticulous compiler of database -entries would enclose @I all language-specific options in +had in mind. So a truly meticulous compiler of database entries would +enclose @I all language-specific options in @Code "@Language" symbols: @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { { @Reference diff --git a/doc/user/ref_sett b/doc/user/ref_sett index da8e8fe..e053ec2 100644 --- a/doc/user/ref_sett +++ b/doc/user/ref_sett @@ -86,12 +86,10 @@ without slowing Lout down very much. However, whenever you change your database file @I { you must remove its corresponding index file }, so that Lout knows to create it afresh. @FootNote { -Depending on how it was installed on your system, Lout may be able to -use the time of last modification of the database file and its index -file to determine automatically whether the index file needs to be -created afresh, thus saving you the trouble of removing it. You can -find out whether this is true of your system by typing the command -{@Code "lout -V"}. +Lout may be able to use the last modification times of the database +and index files to decide whether the index file needs to be created +afresh, saving you the trouble of removing it. Type {@Code "lout -V"} +to find out whether this is true of your system. } The index file is stored in the same directory as the database file, and it has the same name except diff --git a/doc/user/str b/doc/user/str index 4460e8f..1a285fb 100644 --- a/doc/user/str +++ b/doc/user/str @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ @Chapter - @Title { Adding Structure to Documents } + @Title { Documents With Structure } @Tag { structure } @Begin @BeginSections diff --git a/doc/user/str_cont b/doc/user/str_cont index da1653c..f14cde7 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_cont +++ b/doc/user/str_cont @@ -57,9 +57,8 @@ single line spacing. @Code "@ContentsFont" also applies only to these them to appear in Bold. @PP @Code "@ContentsPartGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsPartGapBelow" are -like @Code "@ContentsGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsGapBelow", except -that they are used before and after contents entries that denote -book parts. +like @Code "@ContentsGapAbove" and @Code "@ContentsGapBelow", only +used before and after contents entries that denote book parts. @PP @Code "@ContentsFormat" determines the format of each entry of contentsformat. @Index @Code "@ContentsFormat" diff --git a/doc/user/str_cros b/doc/user/str_cros index c9caaed..f00747d 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_cros +++ b/doc/user/str_cros @@ -220,8 +220,7 @@ Once again the result is the object to the right, modified by any setup file option that works in the same way as {@Code "@CrossLinkFormat"}. This time, though, the effect is to jump right out of your document to the given place on the World -Wide Web, assuming that the software you are using to display your -document is capable of such a thing. +Wide Web, if the software displaying your document is capable of it. @PP At present, the @Code "@CrossLink" and @Code "@ExternalLink" symbols behave as though a @Code "@OneCol" symbol encloses the object to their diff --git a/doc/user/str_defs b/doc/user/str_defs index 42ea403..7de300a 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_defs +++ b/doc/user/str_defs @@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ @Tag { definitions } @Begin @PP -Whenever you find yourself typing the same thing repeatedly, you can +Whenever you find yourself typing something repeatedly, you can definitions. @Index definitions -save a lot of time by defining your own personal symbol to stand for that -thing. For example, suppose you type your company's name, @Batlow, -frequently. You can define your own symbol, {@Code "@Batlow"} say, -so that +save time by defining your own personal symbol to stand for that +thing. For example, suppose you type `@Batlow' frequently. You +can define your own symbol, {@Code "@Batlow"} say, so that @ID @Code { "Concerning your crate supply contract with @Batlow, @Batlow wishes to ..." } @@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ Concerning your crate supply contract with @Batlow, @Batlow wishes to ... } You will never have to type @Batlow again. @PP -The method is to create a file called @Code "mydefs" in your current +Create a file called @Code "mydefs" in your current mydefs.file @Index { @Code mydefs file } directory, containing definitions like this: @ID @OneRow @Code { @@ -55,13 +54,12 @@ these symbols available to the definition, and can actually be omitted before definitions like the one for @Code "@Batlow" which do not use any symbols. However it does no harm, so we place it in front of every definition as a matter of course. -@FootNote { +@PP Later chapters of this guide introduce specialized symbols for producing tables, equations, diagrams, graphs, and computer programs. You need a different @Code "import" clause when using those symbols within a definition, because they are not from the BasicSetup package. Examples may be found in the chapters concerned. -} @PP Now suppose you frequently need a grey box, but enclosing different things: @GreyBox ENTRY one moment, @GreyBox EXIT the next. You could @@ -94,8 +92,7 @@ is for, rather than how it does what it does. Here is a good example: "import @BasicSetup" "def @Poetry right x { lines @Break @I x }" } -This kind of name is very pleasant to use, since it allows you to -forget about what is going on behind the scenes: +This kind of name is very pleasant to use: @ID @OneRow @Code { "@IndentedDisplay @Poetry {" "Teach me to hear Mermaides singing," @@ -116,8 +113,8 @@ and {@Code "@Colour"} symbols do: "{ @Box { @CentredDisplay @Heading x y }" "}" } -This definition occupies several lines only because it is long; as -usual, end of line is the same as one space. Now +This takes three lines only because it is long; as usual, end of +line is the same as a space. Now @ID @OneRow @Code { "Cheating @HeadingBox {" "The Department uses assignments ... of that student alone." @@ -132,6 +129,5 @@ requires that all programs, exercises etc. handed in bearing an individual student's name be the work of that student alone. } Do not use a paragraph, display, or list symbol at the beginning or end -of a definition, since the result is not what people who do it are -hoping for. +of a definition. The result is not what people who do it are hoping for. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/str_disp b/doc/user/str_disp index 4634103..fb968ac 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_disp +++ b/doc/user/str_disp @@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ has result Space is inserted automatically above and below the display; no paragraph symbols are needed. @PP -To make the display appear at the left margin instead of centred, use +To display at the left margin instead of centred, use leftdisplay. @Index @Code "@LeftDisplay" -{@Code "@LeftDisplay"} instead of {@Code "@Display"}. To make an indented -display, use {@Code "@IndentedDisplay"} or {@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}; +{@Code "@LeftDisplay"} instead of {@Code "@Display"}. To indent +the display, use {@Code "@IndentedDisplay"} or {@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}; indenteddisplay. @Index @Code "@IndentedDisplay" quoteddisplay. @Index @Code "@QuotedDisplay" the latter indents at the right margin as well as at the left. There are also @Code "@CentredDisplay" and @Code "@CenteredDisplay" symbols which centreddisplay. @Index @Code "@CentredDisplay" centereddisplay. @Index @Code "@CenteredDisplay" -centre the display just like {@Code "@Display"} does, and +centre the display (like {@Code "@Display"}), and rightdisplay. @Index @Code "@RightDisplay" @Code "@RightDisplay" which right-justifies the display. @PP @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ default.indent @Index @Code "@DefaultIndent" so is beyond our scope @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }. @Code "@DisplayIndent" is the display.indent. @Index @Code "@DisplayIndent" -indent for {@Code "@IndentedDisplay"}, and used at both margins by +indent for {@Code "@IndentedDisplay"}, and (at both margins) for {@Code "@QuotedDisplay"}. Its default value, {@Code "2.00f"}, is twice the current font size. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/str_figs b/doc/user/str_figs index c5897de..120331a 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_figs +++ b/doc/user/str_figs @@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ figures. @Index { figures } " @HTree { @Box Lout @FirstSub arrow { yes } @Box PostScript }" "}" } -The @Code "@Figure" symbol places the following object (which in this example is +The @Code "@Figure" symbol places the following object (which in this figure. @Index @Code "@Figure" -created using the advanced graphics features of Chapter {@NumberOf diagrams}) -at the top of the following column or page, +example is created using the {@Code "@Diag"} symbol from +Chapter {@NumberOf diagrams}) at the top of the following column or page, @Figure @Tag { figex } @Caption { Basser Lout } @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ can see this example at the top of page {@PageOf figex}. Tables are table. @Index @Code "@Table" obtained in the same way using {@Code "@Table"} instead of {@Code "@Figure"}. There is a third symbol called {@Code "@Floater"}. It won't be mentioned -again, but it works exactly like like @Code "@Figure" and {@Code "@Table"}. +again, but it works exactly like @Code "@Figure" and {@Code "@Table"}. @PP @Code "@Figure" and @Code "@Table" each have an @Code "@InitialLanguage" option which determines the language of the figure or table. If this is @@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ If your document contains many figures, large figures, or multi-page figures, you are likely to encounter cases where Lout's assignment of figures to pages is not pleasing. In that case, you can improve things by moving the figures around within the body text, and by using the -@Code "@Location" option of the @Code "@Figure" symbol, which determines +@Code "@Location" option of {@Code "@Figure"}, which determines location. @Index @Code "@Location" -where the figure will appear. Its possible values are +where the figure will appear. Its values are @DP @Tab @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col B } { @@ -102,7 +102,8 @@ from @Code PageFoot only in multi-column documents. } A { ColEnd } B { The figure will appear in a column at the end of the document (or chapter, appendix etc. in the case of books). There is no -@Code PageEnd value corresponding to {@Code ColEnd}. } +corresponding @Code PageEnd value. +} @Rowa A { AfterLine } B { The figure will appear as a column-width display immediately after @@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ back to a later page than the first possible one. @PP The @I default value of the @Code "@OnePage" option for each figure or table depends on the value of its @Code "@Location" option as follows: -@ID @Tab +@ID @OneRow @Tab @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col ! @Col @Code B } { @Rowa @@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ are only default values and you may set @Code "@OnePage" as you wish. By default, the body of the figure will be centred, and this usually looks best, at least for small figures. @Code "@Figure" and @Code "@Table" each have a @Code "@Format" option which controls this format: -@ID @Code { +@ID @OneRow @Code { "@Figure" " @Format { @CurveBox @HExpand @CC @Body }" } diff --git a/doc/user/str_foot b/doc/user/str_foot index 8165a6b..2eea124 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_foot +++ b/doc/user/str_foot @@ -122,9 +122,8 @@ footnotenumbers. @Index @Code "@FootNoteNumbers" it may be {@Code Arabic}, {@Code Roman}, {@Code UCRoman}, {@Code Alpha}, or {@Code UCAlpha}, which give the obvious results. It may also be {@Code Bullets}, which uses sequences of bullets to mark the footnotes, -following a style proposed by typographer Jan Tschichold, and it -may be {@Code Symbols}, which produces the traditional sequence of -daggers and similar symbols. +as proposed by typographer Jan Tschichold, and it may be {@Code Symbols}, +which produces the traditional sequence of daggers and similar symbols. @PP @Code "@FootNoteFont" and @Code "@FootNoteBreak" determine the footnotefont. @Index @Code "@FootNoteFont" diff --git a/doc/user/str_glos b/doc/user/str_glos index 95a91e9..03638cf 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_glos +++ b/doc/user/str_glos @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ at the end of the document, immediately before any index. @PP To make an entry in the glossary, place something like this in your main text at the point you are defining the term: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { Object @Glossary { Part of a document occupying a rectangular area; may be a simple word, or a collection of smaller diff --git a/doc/user/str_indx b/doc/user/str_indx index 40c7649..68d1ff1 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_indx +++ b/doc/user/str_indx @@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ To get this into your index, type at the point where you mention Galileo. Nothing will be printed there, but the object following the @Code "@Index" symbol will be placed in index.sym @Index { @Code "@Index" symbol } -the index, with a comma and the correct page number appended -automatically. +the index, plus a comma and the correct page number. @PP The object preceding the @Code "@Index" symbol is a compulsory key which is used for sorting the index entries, @@ -59,8 +58,8 @@ sorting.order @Index { sorting order } if @Code "strcoll()" gets the sorting right for one language, there still remains the problem of sorting multilingual indexes. } -but which is not itself printed anywhere. It is best to construct these -sorting keys from lower-case letters and the . character only, beginning +but which is not itself printed. It is best to construct these +keys from lower-case letters and the . character only, beginning with a letter, although multi-word keys are allowed. These sorting keys do not have to be distinct from the tags used in cross referencing; however, they do have to be distinct from each other, unless you want @@ -73,9 +72,9 @@ first line of our ambitious example is obtained by @ID @Code "galileo @RawIndex { Galileo Galilei }" This could go anywhere, since no page numbers are involved. @PP -Our second trick, sub-entries, is also very easy, since a sub-entry -differs from an ordinary entry only by having an indent. The symbol -is {@Code "@SubIndex"}, so the second line of our ambitious example is +Our second trick, sub-entries, is also easy, since a sub-entry +is just an ordinary entry with an indent. The symbol is +{@Code "@SubIndex"}, so the second line of our ambitious example is subindex.sym @Index { @Code "@SubIndex" symbol } produced by @ID @Code "galileo.life @SubIndex { life of }" @@ -107,18 +106,17 @@ same page, the @Code "to" option is ignored: you will never get @PP Our fourth trick is the merged entry: @ID { trial of, 205--211, 242, 395 } -The main thing to grasp is that this merged entry was originally three -separate entries (sub-entries in this case): +This merged entry was originally three separate entries (sub-entries +in this case): @ID @OneRow lines @Break { trial of, 205--211 trial of, 242 trial of, 395 } -We already know how to produce these three entries, using three -@Code "@SubIndex" symbols, one with a @Code "to" option. Now we have -discovered that Lout is able to merge several entries into one -entry. This raises two questions: how does Lout know which entries -to merge? and given those entries, what does the merging produce? +We know how to produce these, using three @Code "@SubIndex" symbols, +one with a @Code "to" option. Lout is able to merge several entries +into one entry. This raises two questions: how does Lout know which +entries to merge? and given those entries, what does the merging produce? @PP The answer to the first question is that Lout merges entries whose sorting keys are equal. The merged entry above is produced by these @@ -130,8 +128,7 @@ three entries, placed in the appropriate places: } The entries are merged because they have the same sorting key ({@Code "galileo.trial"}), not because they happen to have the -same content ({@Code "trial of"}). In fact, once the page numbers are -added the content is not the same at all. +same content ({@Code "trial of"}). @PP Now, having decided that the three entries @ID @OneRow lines @Break { @@ -257,11 +254,10 @@ is complete and an overall plan of the structure of the index can be made. Place index entries for floating figures and tables within their captions. @PP -Large indexes may benefit from {@I spacers} -- empty spaces or +Large indexes may benefit from {@I spacers}: empty spaces or spacers. @Index { spacers in indexes } -even headings between the parts for each letter of the alphabet. One -simple way to get blank line spacers is with {@Code "@RawIndex"}, -like this: +headings between the parts for each letter of the alphabet. One +way to get blank line spacers is with {@Code "@RawIndex"}, like this: @ID @OneRow @Code { "b @RawIndex {}" "c @RawIndex {}" @@ -285,23 +281,23 @@ which letter each index entry belongs under, perhaps by symbols would have been too tedious. } @PP -A more elaborate kind of spacer can be placed into the index with +More elaborate spacers can be inserted with indexspacer. @Index @Code "@IndexSpacer" the @Code "@IndexSpacer" symbol, like this: @ID @Code "a @IndexSpacer A" -This is roughly equivalent to @Code "a @RawIndex A" in that it puts -the entry @Code A at sort position {@Code a}; but it also places -extra space above and below it, and it includes a font change, so -that the @Code A stands out like a heading (you can see the effect -in the index of this document). @Code "@IndexSpacer" also includes -a conditional new page effect, so that the spacer never appears -alone at the bottom of a column. -@PP -You need to change things slightly for the first spacer: +This is similar to @Code "a @RawIndex A" in that it puts the entry +@Code A at sort position {@Code a}; but it also places extra space +above and below it, and it includes a font change, so that the +@Code A stands out like a heading (you can see the effect in the +index of this document). @Code "@IndexSpacer" also includes a +conditional new page, so that the spacer never appears alone at +the bottom of a column. +@PP +The first spacer needs to be slightly different, since no +space is wanted above it: initialindexspacer. @Index @Code "@InitialIndexSpacer" @ID @Code "a @InitialIndexSpacer A" -to tell Lout to omit the unwanted space above it. There is an -@Code "@IndexLetters" symbol which places the 26 spacers +There is an @Code "@IndexLetters" symbol which places the 26 spacers indexletters. @Index @Code "@IndexLetters" @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { a @InitialIndexSpacer A @@ -404,15 +400,13 @@ number of index columns per page, and the gap between them, and are exactly analogous to the @Code "@ColumnNumber" and @Code "@ColumnGap" options described in Section {@NumberOf columns}. @PP -The next three options work together to control the appearance of -running headers +The next three options control the appearance of running headers @FootNote { -Owing to problems behind the scenes, if more than three copies of the -same running header appear on the same page, their horizontal positions -will become confused, probably resulting in the apparent disappearance of -all but the last three. Of course, this is highly unlikely to happen, -since it means there must be a four-column index with a page on which -all four columns have the same running header. +Owing to problems behind the scenes, in the highly unlikely case +where more than three copies of the same running header appear on +the same page, their horizontal positions will become confused, +probably resulting in the apparent disappearance of all but the +last three. } in the index: indexctd. @Index { @Code "@IndexCtd" } @@ -479,11 +473,11 @@ equivalent to Whether you will ever need to vary the appearance of index spacers individually in this way is very doubtful, but the capacity is there. @PP -Lout offers the possibility of having up to three independent indexes -(useful for author indexes, etc.). The other two are called -index A and index B, and they precede the main index in the -output. Just replace @Code Index by @Code IndexA to refer to index A, -and by @Code IndexB to refer to index B. For example, +Lout offers three independent indexes (useful for author indexes, +etc.). The other two are called index A and index B, and they +precede the main index in the output. Just replace @Code Index +by @Code IndexA to refer to index A, and by @Code IndexB to refer +to index B. For example, @ID @Code "smith.j @IndexA { Smith, John }" will insert an index entry to index A, and @Code "@IndexBBlanks" will insert the usual 25 blank entries into index B. There are @@ -496,8 +490,8 @@ be done by placing "import @DocumentSetup" "macro @AuthorIndex { @IndexA }" } -in the @Code mydefs file. See Section {@NumberOf definitions} for -an introduction to the @Code "mydefs" file; the word @Code macro -is needed here instead of @Code "def" because we are introducing -a new name for an existing symbol, not defining a new symbol. +in the @Code mydefs file (Section {@NumberOf definitions}). The +word @Code macro is needed here instead of @Code "def" because we +are introducing a new name for an existing symbol, not defining +a new symbol. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/str_list b/doc/user/str_list index 9747c15..2e56aa1 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_list +++ b/doc/user/str_list @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ @Tag { lists } @Begin @PP -The @Code "@IndentedList" symbol introduces a sequence of items to be +The @Code "@IndentedList" symbol introduces items to be indentedlist. @Index @Code "@IndentedList" il. @Index @Code "@IL" lists. @Index { lists } @@ -457,9 +457,8 @@ the influence of that symbol. For more information, including another way to insert struts, consult Section {@NumberOf precise}. @PP The @Code "break" option defines a break style (suitable for the -@Code "@Break" symbol) which is to be applied to each item. If -you wanted each item in a ragged style, for example, you could -just write +@Code "@Break" symbol) to be applied to each item. If you want +each item in a ragged style, for example, you could just write @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @NumberedList break { ragged } diff --git a/doc/user/str_marg b/doc/user/str_marg index f7057c0..246f623 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_marg +++ b/doc/user/str_marg @@ -76,14 +76,13 @@ bottom of the page, if it is very long or if preceding notes obstruct it. Again, it is up to you to avoid this problem by keeping your notes small and not too close together. @PP -Margin notes inside footnotes, figures and tables work well. Margin -notes in multi-column documents are disastrous unless used very -sparingly. Margin notes do not appear in plain text output -(Section {@NumberOf plain}). +Margin notes work well inside footnotes, figures, and tables, but +badly in multi-column documents unless used sparingly. They do +not appear in plain text output (Section {@NumberOf plain}). @PP -A more radical way to place objects at arbitrary points on the current +The @Code "@Place" symbol can place objects at arbitrary points on +the current page: place. @Index @Code "@Place" -page is provided by the @Code "@Place" symbol: @ID @OneRow @Code { "@Place" " x { right - 1c - xsize }" @@ -156,5 +155,6 @@ where the coordinate system's origin is; this is true of the examples above. At the point where @Code "@Place" occurs, the result is an empty object. As with margin notes, Lout does not know what is happening and will not lay out the rest of the page around the -placed object. +placed object. @Code "@Place" does not take account of the value +of any @Code "@PageOrientation" option. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/str_theo b/doc/user/str_theo index 672cd28..da61e11 100644 --- a/doc/user/str_theo +++ b/doc/user/str_theo @@ -83,19 +83,19 @@ are with their default values: "@TheoremTitleFormat { (title) }" "@TheoremFormat { { @B { word @NumSep number title: } &2s } @Insert body }" } -The first option is used only when a @Code "@Title" is given to the -theorem, and it determines how the title is formatted: the @Code title -symbol within the option stands for the @Code "@Title" option. The default -value shown places parentheses around the title. The second option -determines the format of the entire theorem. Within it, @Code word -stands for the value of {@Code "@TheoremWord"}; +@Code "@TheoremTitleFormat" is used only when the theorem has a +{@Code "@Title"}. It determines how the title is formatted: the +@Code title symbol within it stands for the @Code "@Title" option. +The default value shown places parentheses around the title. +@Code "@TheoremFormat" determines the format of the entire theorem. +Within it, @Code word stands for the value of {@Code "@TheoremWord"}; @Code "number" is the number of the theorem; @Code "title" is the title of the theorem after formatting by {@Code "@TheoremFormat"} (if there is a title; otherwise @Code title is {@Code "@Null"}, which prints as -nothing and even deletes the preceding space as required); and +nothing and even deletes preceding space as required); and @Code body is the body of the theorem. The default value prints the word, number and title with a colon in bold, and inserts them and two -spaces into the first paragraph of the body; another value might be +spaces into the first paragraph of the body. Another good value is @ID @Code { "@TheoremFormat { @B { word @NumSep number title } @LP body }" } which places the header in bold on a line by itself, separated from the body by a paragraph break. For @Code "@NumSep" see page {@PageOf numsep}. diff --git a/doc/user/tbl_mult b/doc/user/tbl_mult index 7ab66c9..e716b6a 100644 --- a/doc/user/tbl_mult +++ b/doc/user/tbl_mult @@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ To prevent page breaks within a table, precede the @Code "@Tbl" symbol by {@Code "@OneRow"}: @ID @Code "@CD @OneRow @Tbl ..." @Code "@OneRow" is a general Lout symbol which binds the following -object into a single, unbreakable row. Make sure your table is -small enough to fit on one page when you do this, otherwise an error -message will be printed and it will be scaled to fit. Display symbols -like @Code "@CD" often have this effect anyway. +object into a single, unbreakable row. The table must be small +enough to fit on one page when you do this, otherwise an error +will be printed and it will be scaled to fit. Display symbols +like @Code "@CD" may have this effect anyway. @PP To prevent a page break between two particular rows, but not in general, replace the @Code "@Row" symbol of the second row with @@ -44,18 +44,16 @@ to fit on one page, and it will go wrong on a table containing @Code "@Table" symbols, because these symbols have been set up to accept multi-page objects. Or they can go into the body text of the document at full width with a paragraph symbol before and after, like this: -@ID @Code @Verbatim { +@ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @DP @Tbl ... @DP } -An example of this kind of multi-page table appears in -Section {@NumberOf tbl_summ}. You can simulate an indent by means of an -empty cell at the left of each row format, although in the author's opinion -a multi-page table looks better at full width anyway. Lout will expand the -rightmost column to the full page width; one way to prevent this is to add -a @Code "|" after the last cell within each {@Code format} option, creating -an empty extra column. +An example appears in Section {@NumberOf tbl_summ}. You can simulate +an indent by an empty cell at the left of each row format. Lout will +expand the rightmost column to the full page width; to prevent this, +add a @Code "|" after the last cell within each {@Code format} option, +creating an empty extra column. @PP One practical problem in multi-page tables is getting the rules right. The simplest way to do this is to set @Code "rulehorizontal" @@ -67,15 +65,15 @@ you to insert a rule after the last line of each page, but not elsewhere. (However, if you are using the @Code "@Table" symbol, its @Code "@Format" option can be used to do this.) @PP -Another practical problem with multi-page tables is that of getting a -heading over every page after the first. This is easy if you know where -the page breaks are going to fall (if you are using {@Code "@NP"}, for -example), but you usually don't. To solve this problem, @Code {"@Tbl"} -offers the @Code "@HeaderRowa" ... @Code "@HeaderRowh" and +Another problem is getting a heading over every page after +the first. This is easy if you know where the page breaks are going +to fall (if you are using {@Code "@NP"}, for example), but you usually +don't. To solve this problem, @Code {"@Tbl"} offers the +@Code "@HeaderRowa" ... @Code "@HeaderRowh" and tables. @RawIndex { tables } tables.headerrow @SubIndex { @Code "@HeaderRow" symbols } headerrow.tables @Index { @Code "@HeaderRow" symbols (tables) } -@Code "@EndHeaderRow" symbols. For example, the multi-page table in +@Code "@EndHeaderRow" symbols. The multi-page table in Section {@NumberOf tbl_summ} is arranged like this: @ID -1px @Break @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @Tbl diff --git a/doc/user/tbl_plai b/doc/user/tbl_plai index ca20f4b..12ac289 100644 --- a/doc/user/tbl_plai +++ b/doc/user/tbl_plai @@ -3,7 +3,22 @@ @Tag { tbl_plai } @Begin @PP -Tables work well with plain text output (Section {@NumberOf plain}): +@Code "@Tbl" changes the default values of several options when +printing plain text (Section {@NumberOf plain}): +@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { +@Tbl + marginvertical { 2f } + marginhorizontal { 2s } + rulehorizontalwidth { 1f } + ruleverticalwidth { 1s } + rulehorizontalgap { 0f } + ruleverticalgap { 0s } +} +When using plain text it is best to make vertical distances whole +multiples of {@Code "1f"}, and horizontal distances whole multiples of +{@Code "1s"}, since this avoids fractional spacing which cannot be +successful in plain text files and produces quite messy results. +If this is done, the results can be good: tables. @RawIndex { tables } tables.plaintext @SubIndex { plain text output } plain.text.tables @Index { plain text tables } @@ -48,22 +63,7 @@ plain.text.tables @Index { plain text tables } This table was produced by a separate run of Lout and pasted into this document. @PP -@Code "@Tbl" changes the default values of several options when used -in a plain text document: -@ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { -@Tbl - marginvertical { 2f } - marginhorizontal { 2s } - rulehorizontalwidth { 1f } - ruleverticalwidth { 1s } - rulehorizontalgap { 0f } - ruleverticalgap { 0s } -} -When using plain text it is advisable to make vertical distances whole -multiples of {@Code "1f"}, and horizontal distances whole multiples of -{@Code "1s"}, since this avoids fractional spacing which cannot be successful -in plain text files and produces quite messy results. There is also a -@Code ruleplainchar option for changing the character used to +A @Code ruleplainchar option for changing the character used to tables. @RawIndex { tables } tables.ruleplainchar @SubIndex { @Code "ruleplainchar" option } ruleplainchar.tables @Index { @Code "ruleplainchar" option (tables) } @@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ draw rules. For example, @Tbl ruleplainchar { - } } -would be a good choice if you plan to draw only horizontal rules. This -option can be set anywhere as usual. +would be good if you draw only horizontal rules. This option can be +set anywhere as usual. @PP -If you do use rules it is worth pondering the implications of the last -part of Section {@NumberOf tbl_rule}. Right and below rules are drawn -outside the boundary of the cell, which is unimportant -in ordinary output, but means that they will appear one space to the +If you use rules it is worth pondering the implications of the last +part of Section {@NumberOf tbl_rule}. Right and below rules are +drawn outside the boundary of the cell, which is unimportant in +ordinary output, but means that they will appear one space to the right and one line below the cell in plain text output. This explains the slight asymmetry in the example above; you can correct it with @ID @Code @Verbatim { @@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ the slight asymmetry in the example above; you can correct it with marginright { 1s } marginbelow { 1f } } -but you still have to worry about rules at the extreme right of the -page going off the edge, and rules below the last line bumping into -whatever follows the table. The first can be fixed by not using -full width tables with right rules; the second by inserting an extra -@Code "@DP" after a table that ends with a below rule. +but rules at the extreme right of the page will still go off the edge, +and rules below the last line will bump into whatever follows the table. +The first can be fixed by not using full width tables with right rules; +the second by inserting an extra @Code "@DP" after a table that ends +with a below rule. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/tbl_setu b/doc/user/tbl_setu index 6caedbb..db5c400 100644 --- a/doc/user/tbl_setu +++ b/doc/user/tbl_setu @@ -9,14 +9,10 @@ tables.setup @SubIndex { setup file } setup.files. @RawIndex { setup files } setup.files.for.tables @SubIndex { for tables } in the @Code { tbl } setup file, in which case the new values become -the default values for every table in the document. This section -explains how to do it. Changing options in the setup file can save a -lot of time, but its more important purposes are to promote consistency -and to allow document-wide formatting changes to be carried out easily. -@PP -The first step is to obtain your own copy of the setup file, @Code { tbl }, -from the Lout system include directory. You can find out where that -is by typing +the default values for every table in the document, which promotes +consistency and can save you a lot of time. The first step is to +obtain your own copy of the setup file, @Code { tbl }, from the Lout +system include directory. You can find out where that is by typing @ID @Code { lout -V } This prints out various things about Lout. Supposing that it says that the Lout system include directory is @Code { "/usr/lout/include" }, for @@ -45,10 +41,9 @@ the @Code "@TblSetup" @Code "@Use" clause, which looks like this: # break { } } } -Only a few of the options are shown here. To change a setup file -option, delete the @Code "#" in front of it and change the value. For -example, suppose you want all table entries two points smaller than the -surrounding text: +Only a few of the options are shown here. To change an option, delete +the @Code "#" and change the value. For example, suppose you want all +table entries two points smaller than the surrounding text: @ID @OneRow @Code @Verbatim { @Use { @TblSetup # paint { none } @@ -56,8 +51,8 @@ surrounding text: # break { } } } -This relative specification of font size is available anywhere, not -just in setup files (Section {@NumberOf fonts}). +Relative font sizes are available anywhere, not just in setup files +(Section {@NumberOf fonts}). @PP Some setup file options contain values which use the @Code "@OrIfPlain" symbol: diff --git a/doc/user/typ b/doc/user/typ index 7ebe52f..aaa1e36 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ +++ b/doc/user/typ @@ -3,17 +3,26 @@ @Tag { types } @Begin @LP -Particular types of documents have specialized formatting requirements: -title pages in books, abstracts in technical reports, and so on. Lout -provides a range of @I { document types } with the appropriate -specialized features for +Different types of documents have different features: title pages in +books, abstracts in technical reports, and so on. Lout offers five +@I { document types } with the appropriate features: ordinary document.types @Index { document types } -each type. -@PP -There are five types: ordinary documents, technical reports, -books, overhead transparencies, and stand-alone illustrations. The -features of all other chapters are available within each document type, -but the features of one type are not available within other types. +documents, technical reports, books, overhead transparencies, and +stand-alone illustrations. The features of all other chapters are +available within each document type, but the features of one type +are not available within other types. +# @LP +# Particular types of documents have specialized formatting requirements: +# title pages in books, abstracts in technical reports, and so on. Lout +# provides a range of @I { document types } with the appropriate +# specialized features for +# document.types @Index { document types } +# each type. +# @PP +# There are five types: ordinary documents, technical reports, +# books, overhead transparencies, and stand-alone illustrations. The +# features of all other chapters are available within each document type, +# but the features of one type are not available within other types. @BeginSections @Include { typ_ordi } @Include { typ_repo } diff --git a/doc/user/typ_apdf b/doc/user/typ_apdf index 232610c..6485a8e 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_apdf +++ b/doc/user/typ_apdf @@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ is to produce PostScript, and then either pass it through a `distillation' program to produce PDF, or else view it with a PostScript viewer that understands links. @PP -When generating PostScript for subsequent distillation to PDF, the +When generating PostScript for distillation to PDF, the docinfo. @Index @Code "@DocInfo" @Code "@DocInfo" symbol may be useful. Placed anywhere in the -document, it generates PostScript which causes the subsequent PDF to -contain a `document info dictionary' containing the author of the +document, it generates PostScript which causes the PDF to contain +a `document info dictionary' containing the author of the document, its title, and some keywords: @ID @Code @Verbatim { @DocInfo diff --git a/doc/user/typ_book b/doc/user/typ_book index 0f46a47..fa5d33d 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_book +++ b/doc/user/typ_book @@ -365,6 +365,12 @@ also {@Code "@ColophonInContents"} and {@Code "@ColophonPrefix"} options for determining whether the colophon appears in the table of contents, and its prefix when structured page numbers are used. @PP +In rare combinations of circumstances, another problem behind the +scenes sometimes causes the title of the Colophon to appear, +bizarrely, on the second page of the colophon. If this happens +you can work around it by starting off the body of the colophon +with {@Code "@NP"}. +@PP The features described in other chapters are all available within books. A table of contents and index will appear automatically, and you will need to change the setup file to avoid them. Endnotes will diff --git a/doc/user/typ_ordi b/doc/user/typ_ordi index 36feefa..49b0397 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_ordi +++ b/doc/user/typ_ordi @@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ may be given in any order, and only the ones that need to be changed need be given at all. Notice the @Code "//" after the last option. Its meaning is beyond our scope, but total disaster will ensue if it is forgotten. The @Code "@Doc" -symbol is an abbreviation for {@Code "@Document //"}, which is why you don't -need @Code "//" with {@Code "@Doc"}. +symbol is an abbreviation for {@Code "@Document //"}. +# , which is why you don't need @Code "//" with {@Code "@Doc"}. @PP The eight options are a selection of setup file options (Section {@NumberOf setup}) that frequently need to be changed. If your changes @@ -111,9 +111,7 @@ of @Code "@FullWidth" because (regrettably) any space here will appear before @Code Trespassers in the output. Alternatively you could use a paragraph symbol: @ID @OneRow @Code { -"@FullWidth {" -"@CentredDisplay @Heading { NOTICE TO TRESPASSERS }" -"}" +"@FullWidth { @CentredDisplay @Heading { NOTICE TO TRESPASSERS } }" "@PP" "Trespassers are hereby notified that, ..." } diff --git a/doc/user/typ_orga b/doc/user/typ_orga index ce49851..ab8beef 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_orga +++ b/doc/user/typ_orga @@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ with a name, which you can use with confidence anywhere at all. Second, Lout treats @Code "@Include" in a peculiar way when it appears in the setup part of a document (in definitions, databases, and the @Code "@Use" clauses that appear within setup files): it -reads the file as usual the first time, and silently skips it the -other times. This is done to simplify the handling of files of +reads the file the first time, but silently skips it the other +times. This is done to simplify the handling of files of definitions that depend on other files of definitions, as described in the Expert's Guide @Cite { $kingston1995lout.expert }. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/typ_over b/doc/user/typ_over index 8188422..48ee1ad 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_over +++ b/doc/user/typ_over @@ -3,20 +3,19 @@ @Tag { overheads } @Begin @PP -To produce overhead transparencies -@FootNote { -In Version 3.15 overhead transparencies were updated and brought into line -with the other document types. Although existing source files do not need -to be modified, their printed appearance may change (spacing, running -headers). There are some new setup file options, and some changes to -existing setup file options. -} -(hereafter called overheads), start off +To produce overhead transparencies (hereafter called overheads), start off overheads. @Index { overhead transparencies } slides. @RawIndex { slides @I see overhead transparencies } with the @Code slides setup file and the @Code "@OverheadTransparencies" overhead.transparencies. @Index @Code "@OverheadTransparencies" symbol: +# @FootNote { +# In Version 3.15 overhead transparencies were updated and brought into line +# with the other document types. Although existing source files do not need +# to be modified, their printed appearance may change (spacing, running +# headers). There are some new setup file options, and some changes to +# existing setup file options. +# } @ID @OneRow @Code { "@SysInclude { slides }" "@OverheadTransparencies" diff --git a/doc/user/typ_plai b/doc/user/typ_plai index 00aa8b9..af0f08f 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_plai +++ b/doc/user/typ_plai @@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ right. The @Code "@Document" symbol (Section {@NumberOf ordinary}) has an unpaginated. @Index @Code "@Unpaginated" @Code "@Unpaginated" option which, when set to {@Code "Yes"}, causes -the plain text output to appear unpaginated, that is, in one long -continous stream with no page breaks. Its value is ignored if plain text -output is not in effect, so it can be safely set to @Code "Yes" in -documents intended for formatting both ways. The usual margins apply; -footnotes appear at the end; floating figures and tables do not work. Lout -stupidly reads the entire document before producing any output when -this option is used, so if the document is long you might run out of memory. +the plain text output to appear unpaginated, that is, in one continous +stream with no page breaks. It is ignored if plain text output is +not in effect, so it can be set to @Code "Yes" in documents intended +for formatting both ways. The usual margins apply; footnotes appear +at the end; floating figures and tables do not work. Lout stupidly +reads the entire document before producing any output when this +option is used, so if the document is long you might run out of memory. @End @Section diff --git a/doc/user/typ_repo b/doc/user/typ_repo index fe41acc..0c41ff4 100644 --- a/doc/user/typ_repo +++ b/doc/user/typ_repo @@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ but disaster will ensue if it is forgotten. @PP The @Code "@Title" option holds the title of the report. It will be printed using the @Code clines paragraph breaking style (Section -{@NumberOf paras}), which centres each line, so it makes sense -to have multi-line titles: +{@NumberOf paras}), which centres each line, so multi-line titles +make sense: @ID @OneRow @Code { "@Report" " @Title {" @@ -338,9 +338,9 @@ for sections, and also for all large-scale structure symbols except appendices, for which it is {@Code UCAlpha}. This produces the appendices numbered in upper-case letters (A, B, C, etc.) that were mentioned earlier. @PP -@Code "@SectionHeadingFont" is the font used for section headings. The -default value shown above produces the bold face from the family of the -initial font. A family name and size is acceptable here as well: +@Code "@SectionHeadingFont" is the font of section headings. The +default value shown above produces the bold face from the family +of the initial font. A family name and size is acceptable: @ID @Code "@SectionHeadingFont { Helvetica Base +2p }" produces section headings in the Helvetica font, two points larger than the initial font size. diff --git a/doc/user/vbas b/doc/user/vbas index 0004cfb..0004cfb 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vbas +++ b/doc/user/vbas diff --git a/doc/user/vbgr b/doc/user/vbgr index be6461c..be6461c 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vbgr +++ b/doc/user/vbgr diff --git a/doc/user/vdia b/doc/user/vdia index 27c456c..27c456c 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vdia +++ b/doc/user/vdia diff --git a/doc/user/vequ b/doc/user/vequ index 87cdf93..87cdf93 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vequ +++ b/doc/user/vequ diff --git a/doc/user/vfmt b/doc/user/vfmt index 3e6af88..3e6af88 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vfmt +++ b/doc/user/vfmt diff --git a/doc/user/vgra b/doc/user/vgra index 60b9b5b..60b9b5b 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vgra +++ b/doc/user/vgra diff --git a/doc/user/vpie b/doc/user/vpie index 5f9e2e4..5f9e2e4 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vpie +++ b/doc/user/vpie diff --git a/doc/user/vprg b/doc/user/vprg index 81c0abe..81c0abe 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vprg +++ b/doc/user/vprg diff --git a/doc/user/vref b/doc/user/vref index 7e85672..7e85672 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vref +++ b/doc/user/vref diff --git a/doc/user/vstr b/doc/user/vstr index 7f4e2d0..7f4e2d0 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vstr +++ b/doc/user/vstr diff --git a/doc/user/vtbl b/doc/user/vtbl index 68159ce..68159ce 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vtbl +++ b/doc/user/vtbl diff --git a/doc/user/vtyp b/doc/user/vtyp index a360b04..a360b04 100644..100755 --- a/doc/user/vtyp +++ b/doc/user/vtyp |