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The restriction of only allowing ' as the delimiter was introduced
by kristaps@ on 2011/04/09 when he first supported \C.
For most other escape sequences, similar restrictions were relaxed
later on, but for the rarely used \C, it was apparently forgotten.
While here, reject empty character names: they are never valid.
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diagnostics. Distinguish "incomplete escape sequence", "invalid special
character", and "unknown special character" from the generic "invalid
escape sequence", also promoting them from WARNING to ERROR because
incomplete escape sequences are severe syntax violations and because
encountering an invalid or unknown special character makes it likely
that part of the document content intended by the authors gets lost.
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call mandoc_msg() only once at the end, not sometimes in the middle,
classify incomplete, non-expanding escape sequences as ESCAPE_ERROR,
and also reduce the number of return statemants;
no formatting change intended.
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in the same way as groff:
* \\ is always reduced to \
* \. is always reduced to .
* other undefined escape sequences are usually reduced to the escape name,
for example \G to G, except during the expansion of expanding escape
sequences having the standard argument form (in particular \* and \n),
in which case the backslash is preserved literally.
Yes, this is confusing indeed.
For example, the following have the same meaning:
* .ds \. and .ds . which is not the same as .ds \\.
* \*[\.] and \*[.] which is not the same as \*[\\.]
* .ds \G and .ds G which is not the same as .ds \\G
* \*[\G] and \*[\\G] which is not the same as \*[G] <- sic!
To feel less dirty, have a leaning toothpick, if you are so inclined.
This patch also slightly improves the string shown by the "escaped
character not allowed in a name" error message.
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wrong parsing class ESCAPE_SPECIAL to the better-suited parsing class
ESCAPE_UNDEF, exactly like it is already done for the similar \\,
which isn't a character escape sequence either.
No formatting change is intended just yet, but this will matter for
upcoming improvements in the parser for roff(7) macro, string, and
register names.
See the node "5.23.2 Copy Mode" in "info groff" regarding
what \\ and \. really mean.
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To that end, add another argument to roff_escape()
returning the index of the escape name.
This also makes the code in roff_escape() a bit more uniform
in so far as it no longer needs the "char esc_name" local variable
but now does everything with indices into buf[].
No functional change.
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be triggered by macro arguments ending in double backslashes, for
example if people wrote .Sq "\\" instead of the correct .Sq "\e".
The bug was hard to find because it caused a segfault only very rarely,
according to my measurements with a probability of less than one permille.
I'm sorry that the first one to hit the bug was an arm64 release build
run by deraadt@. Thanks to bluhm@ for providing access to an arm64
machine for debugging purposes. In the end, the bug turned out to be
architecture-independent.
The reason for the bug was that i assumed an invariant that does not exist.
The function roff_parse_comment() is very careful to make sure that the
input buffer does not end in an escape character before passing it on,
so i assumed this is still true when reaching roff_expand() immediately
afterwards. But roff_expand() can also be reached from roff_getarg(),
in which case there *can* be a lone escape character at the end of the
buffer in case copy mode processing found and converted a double
backslash.
Fix this by handling a trailing escape character correctly in the
function roff_escape().
The lesson here probably is to refrain from assuming an invariant
unless verifying that the invariant actually holds is reasonably
simple. In some cases, in particular for invariants that are important
but not simple, it might also make sense to assert(3) rather than just
assume the invariant. An assertion failure is so much better than a
buffer overrun...
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semantics (test identifier for syntactical validity), not at all
following the completely unrelated Heirloom semantics (define
hyperlink target position).
The main motivation for providing this implementation is to get \A
into the parsing class ESCAPE_EXPAND that corresponds to groff parsing
behaviour, which is quite similar to the \B escape sequence (test
numerical expression for syntactical validity). This is likely
to improve parsing of nested escape sequences in the future.
Validation isn't perfect yet. In particular, this implementation
rejects \A arguments containing some escape sequences that groff
allows to slip through. But that is unlikely to cause trouble even
in documents using \A for non-trivial purposes. Rejecting the nested
escapes in question might even improve robustnest because the rejected
names are unlikely to really be usable for practical purposes - no
matter that groff dubiously considers them syntactically valid.
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escape sequence into the correct parsing class, ESCAPE_EXPAND.
Expansion of \g is supposed to work exactly like the expansion
of the related escape sequence \n (interpolate register value),
but since we ignore the .af (assign output format) request,
we just interpolate an empty string to replace the \g sequence.
Surprising as it may seem, this actually makes a formatting difference
for deviate input like ".O\gNx" which used to raise bogus "escaped
character not allowed in a name" and "skipping unknown macro" errors
and printed nothing, whereas now it correctly prints "OpenBSD".
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escape sequence. This is needed to get \V into the correct parsing
class, ESCAPE_EXPAND.
It is intentional that mandoc(1) output is *not* influenced by environment
variables, so interpolate the name of the variable with some decorating
punctuation rather than interpolating its value.
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from "ignore" to "unsupported" because when an input file uses it,
mandoc(1) is likely to significantly misformat the output,
usually showing parts of the output in a different order
than the author intended.
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that take no argument and are ignored: \% \& \^ \a \d \t \u \{ \| \}
No change to parsing or formatting needed.
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some diagnostics now appear in a more reasonable order, too
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after the roff_expand() reorganization in roff.c rev. 1.388.
The new parsing direction has two effects:
1. Correct output when a line contains more than one expanding
escape sequence that has a side effect.
2. Column numbers in diagnostic messages now report the changed
column numbers after any expansions left of them have taken place;
in the past, column numbers refered to the original input line.
Arguably, item 2 was a bit better in its old state, but slightly
less helpful diagnostics are a small price to pay for correct
output. Besides, when the expansion of user-defined strings or
macros is involved, in many cases, mandoc(1) is already unable to
report meaningful line and column numbers, so item 2 is not a
noteworthy regression. The effort and code complication for fixing
that would probably be excessive, in particular since well-written
manual pages are not supposed to use such features in the first place.
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of the roff_expand() reorganization in roff.c rev. 1.388
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of the roff_expand() reorganization in roff.c rev. 1.388
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Some escape sequences have side effects on global state, implying
that the order of evaluation matters. For example, this fixes the
long-standing bug that "\n+x\n+x\n+x" after ".nr x 0 1" used to
print "321"; now it correctly prints "123".
Right-to-left parsing was convenient because it implicitly handled
nested escape sequences. With correct left-to-right parsing, nesting
now requires an explicit implementation, here solved as follows:
1. Handle nested expanding escape sequences iteratively.
When finding one, expand it, then retry parsing the enclosing escape
sequence from the beginning, which will ultimately succeed as soon
as it no longer contains any nested expanding escape sequences.
2. Handle nested non-expanding escape sequences recursively.
When finding one, the escape sequence parser calls itself to find
the end of the inner sequence, then continues parsing the outer
sequence after that point.
This requires the mandoc_escape() function to operate in two different
modes. The roff(7) parser uses it in a mode where it generates
diagnostics and may return an expansion request instead of a parse
result. All other callers, in particular the formatters, use it
in a simpler mode that never generates diagnostics and always returns
a definite parsing result, but that requires all expanding escape
sequences to already have been expanded earlier. The bulk of the
code is the same for both modes.
Since this required a major rewrite of the function anyway, move
it into its own new file roff_escape.c and out of the file mandoc.c,
which was misnamed in the first place and lacks a clear focus.
As a side benefit, this also fixes a number of assertion failures
that tb@ found with afl(1), for example "\n\\\\*0", "\v\-\\*0",
and "\w\-\\\\\$0*0".
As another side benefit, it also resolves some code duplication
between mandoc_escape() and roff_expand() and centralizes all
handling of escape sequences (except for expansion) in roff_escape.c,
hopefully easing maintenance and feature improvements in the future.
While here, also move end-of-input handling out of the complicated
function roff_expand() and into the simpler function roff_parse_comment(),
making the logic easier to understand.
Since this is a major reorganization of a central component of
mandoc(1), stability of the program might slightly suffer for a few
weeks, but i believe that's not a problem at this point of the
release cycle. The new code already satisfies the regression suite,
but more tweaking and regression testing to further improve the
handling of various escape sequences will likely follow in the near
future.
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functionality is not needed when called from roff_getarg(). This makes the
long and complicated function roff_expand() significantly shorter, and also
simpler in so far as it no longer needs to return ROFF_APPEND.
No functional change intended.
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or macro, including context-dependent error handling inside tbl(7) code
and inside .ce/.rj blocks. Use it both in the top level roff(7) parser
and inside conditional blocks.
This fixes an assertion failure triggered by ".if 1 .ce" inside tbl(7)
code, found by tb@ using afl(1).
As a side benefit for readability, only one place remains in the
code that calls the main handler functions for the various roff(7)
requests. This patch also improves column numbers in some error
messages and various comments.
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particularly useful for values that have non-obvious semantics
like ROFF_MAX, ROFF_cblock, ROFF_RENAMED, and TOKEN_NONE;
no code change.
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1. Do not needlessly access the function pointer table roffs[].
Instead, simply call the block closing function directly.
2. Sort code: handle both cases of block closing at the beginning
of the function rather than one at the beginning and one at the end.
3. Trim excessive, partially repetitive and obvious comments, also
making the comments considerably more precise.
No functional change.
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and the roff_onearg() parsing function is too generic,
so provide a dedicated parsing function instead.
This fixes an assertion failure when an \o escape sequence is
passed as the argument; the bug was found by tb@ using afl(1).
It also makes mandoc output more similar to groff in various cases.
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break multiple element next-line scopes at the same time, similar to
what man_descope() already does for unconditional rewinding.
This fixes an assertion failure that tb@ found with afl(1), caused
by .SH .I .I .BI and similar sequences of macros without arguments.
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and never produce output at the place of their invocation.
Minibugs found while investigating unrelated afl(1) reports from tb@.
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1. The combination \z\h is a no-op whatever the argument may be.
In the past, the \z only affected the first space character generated
by the \h, which was wrong.
2. For the conbination \zX\h with a positive argument, the first
space resulting from the \h is not printed but consumed by the \z.
3. For the combination \zX\h with a negative argument, application
of the \z needs to be completed before the \h can be started.
In the past, if this combination occurred at the beginning of an
output line, the \h backed up to the beginning of the line and
after that, the \z attempted to back up even further, triggering
an assertion.
Bugs found during an audit of assignments to termp->col that i
started after the bugfix tbl_term.c rev. 1.65. The assertion
triggered by bug 3 was *not* yet found by afl(1).
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This is needed because the TERMP_MULTICOL mode is designed such
that term_tbl() buffers all the cells of the table row before the
normal reset logic near the end of term_flushln() can be reached.
This fixes an assertion failure triggered by \z near the end
of a table cell, found by tb@ using afl(1).
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Apart from making sense in the first place, this fixes an assertion
failure that happened when the calculated implicit tag did not match
the string value of the first child of the node,
Bug found by tb@ using afl(1).
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another enclosing .while loop at the same time.
Instead, postpone the closing until the next iteration of ROFF_RERUN.
This prevents one-line constructions like ".while 0 .while 0 something"
and ".while rx .while rx .rr x" (which admittedly aren't particularly
useful) from dying of abort(3), which was a bug tb@ found with afl(1).
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index but use 0 instead of the argument, just like groff.
Warn about the invalid argument.
While here, fix the column number in another warning message.
Segfault reported by tb@, found with afl(1).
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do not skip closing the table and cleaning up memory at the end of the
table in the HTML output module.
This bug resulted in skipping the tblcalc() function and reusing
the existing roffcol array for the next tbl(7) processed. If the
next table had more columns than the one ending with a horizontal
line in the last data row, uninitialized memory was read, potentially
resulting in near-infinite output.
The bug was introduced in rev. 1.29 (2018/11/26) but only fully exposed
by rev. 1.38 (2021/09/09). Until rev. 1.37, it could only cause
misformatting and invalid HTML output syntax but not huge output
because up to that point, the function did not use the roffcol array.
Nasty bug found the hard way by Michael Stapelberg on the production
server manpages.debian.org. Michael also supplied example files
and excellent instructions how to reproduce the bug, which was very
difficult because no real-world manual page is known that triggers
the bug by itself, so to reproduce the bug, mandoc(1) had to be
invoked with at least two file name arguments.
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designed and written last autumn, polished today
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patch from jsg@
ok gnezdo@ miod@ jmc@
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we must not reset the recursion counter when moving beyond the end
of the *previous* expansion, but we may only do so when moving
beyond the rightmost position reached by *any* expansion in the
current equation. This matters because definitions can nest;
consider:
.EQ
define inner "content"
define outer "inner outer"
outer
.EN
This endless loop was found by tb@ using afl(1).
Incidentally, GNU eqn(1) also performs an infinite loop in this
situation and then crashes when memory runs out, but that's not an
excuse for nasty behaviour of mandoc(1).
While here, consistently print the expanded content even when the
expansion is finally truncated. While that is not likely to help
end-users, it may help authors of eqn(7) code to understand what's
going on. Besides, it sends a very clear signal that something is
amiss, which was easy to miss in the past unless people
enabled -W error or used -T lint.
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whatsoever and ends with a broken next-line scope. Obviously, this
cannot happen in a real manual page, but mandoc(1) should not die
even when fed absurd input.
This bug was independently reported by both jsg@ and tb@ who both
found it with afl(1).
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beginning of an escape sequence: \, \E, \EE, \EEE, and so on all do
the same outside copy mode, so let them do the same in mandoc(1), too.
This fixes an assertion failure triggered by \EE*X that tb@ found
with afl(1). The first E was consumed by roff_expand(), but that
function failed to recognize the escape sequence as the expansion
of a user-defined string and handed it over to mandoc_escape(),
which consumed the second E and then died on an assertion because
it is not prepared to handle user-defined strings. Fix this by
letting *both* functions handle arbitrary numbers of 'E's correctly.
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for centering text spanning multiple tbl(7) columns, correctly account
for the spacing between columns instead of wrongly assuming the default
spacing of 3n.
Patch from Simon Branch <simonmbranch at gmail dot com>.
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delete a sentence taking about databases. Having that sentence in
the first place probably was a copy-and-paste mistake when adopting
some text from the makewhatis(8) manual page.
Triggered by a smaller patch sent to discuss@
by Paul A. Patience <paul at apatience dot com>.
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two-value syntax "display: inline flow;" instead. In particular, there
is no need to establish a new block formatting context with "flow-root",
and in fact that's detrimental because it appears to introduce spurious
soft-wrap opportunities.
jmc@ reported a bogus line break between the opening angle bracket
generated by .Aq Mt and the following email address.
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and man(1), without restricting that statement to "man -k".
Suggested by and patch OK'ed by jmc@.
While only apropos(1) and whatis(1) strictly require the database
and while our man(1) implementation can find many manual pages even
when no database is available or when the database is incomplete or
corrupt, it does use the database even without -k whenever possible.
Consequently, this change makes the manual page less confusing.
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It feels more natural to me to use -a directly when asking mandoc(1)
to use a pager. The reason that "mandoc -l" does exactly the same
as "mandoc -a" is that "mandoc" is essentially "man -lc", so the -a
implied by -l negates the -c and the -l has no effect because it is
already the default for mandoc(1).
The more usual command for doing the same is "man -l foo.1 bar.1 ..."
but that's off-topic for the mandoc(1) manual page.
Patch on tech@ from Anders Damsgaard <anders at adamsgaard dot dk>.
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patch from jsg@, ok jmc@ sthen@ millert@
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because all of the following hold:
* It is an alias for a part of an ancient standard that is no longer important.
* To refer to that old standard, -xpg4.2 is readily available and portable.
* It is unused in OpenBSD, FreeBSD, and NetBSD.
* Groff never supported it.
I agreed with G. Branden Robinson that deleting this from mandoc
is preferable to adding it to groff.
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making the mansearch() function easier to read for human auditors.
No functional change on OpenBSD.
As observed by Mark Millard <marklmi at yahoo dot com>, neither the
latest version of POSIX 2008 nor C11 defines what qsort(3) should do
for base == NULL && nmemb == 0.
My impression is it is indeed undefined behaviour because the
standards say that base shall point to an array, NULL does not point
to an array, and while there is special wording saying that compar()
shall not be called if nmemb == 0, i fail to see any similar wording
stating that base shall not be accessed if nmemb == 0.
Consequently, this patch is also likely to improve standard conformance
and portability.
Minor issue found by Stefan Esser <se at FreeBSD> with UBSAN.
He sent a patch to bugs@, but my patch differs in a minor way.
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output. In particular, do not represent "_" as "-", and distinguish "_"
from "\_" and "=" from "\=".
Output tweak following a related question from
Ted Bullock <tbullock at comlore dot com>.
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two character sequence "\_" or "\=", a single or double horizontal
line is supposed to be drawn inside the cell, not joining its
neighbours.
I am not aware of any way to do that with HTML and/or CSS.
Still, it seems closer to the intent of the document author to draw
a horizontal line with <hr/>, even though that line will join the
neighbour cells, rather than printing a literal '_' or '=' character.
Formatting tweak inspired by a related question from
Ted Bullock <tbullock at comlore dot com>.
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