.\" $Id$
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
.\" above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
.\" copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
.\" AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
.\" TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate$
.Dt mdoc 7
.Os
.\" SECTION
.Sh NAME
.Nm mdoc
.Nd mdoc macro reference
.\" SECTION
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm mdoc
language is used to format
.Bx
.Ux
manuals. An
.Nm
document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control
character
.Sq \.
are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of
prior macros. Macros are either two or three characters in length.
.\" SECTION
.Sh CHARACTER ENCODING
.Nm
documents may contain only printable alphanumeric characters, the space
character
.Sq \ ,
and, in certain circumstances, the tab character
.Sq \et .
All manuals must have
.Sq \en
line termination.
.\" SUB-SECTION
.Ss Special Characters
Within a macro line, the following characters are special:
.\" PARAGRAPH
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset XXXX -compact
.It \&.
period
.It \&,
comma
.It \&:
colon
.It \&;
semicolon
.It \&(
left-parenthesis
.It \&)
right-parenthesis
.It \&[
left-bracket
.It \&]
right-bracket
.It \&?
question
.It \&!
exclmamation
.El
.Pp
Use of these characters must either be escaped with a non-breaking space
.Pq Sq \e&
or, if applicable, an appropriate escape-sequence used.
.\" SUB-SECTION
.Ss Special Characters
Special character sequences begin with the escape character
.Sq \\
and followed by either an open-parenthesis
.Sq \&(
for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
.Sq \&[
for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
.Sq \&] ) ;
or a single one-character sequence.
.Pp
Characters may alternatively be escaped by a slash-asterisk,
.Sq \\* ,
with the same combinations as described above. This form, however, is
deprecated. The following is a table of all available escapes, arranged
by classification.
.Pp
Grammatic:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
.It \\(em
.Pq em-dash
.It \\(en
.Pq en-dash
.It \e-
.Pq hyphen
.It \\\\
.Pq back-slash
.It \e'
.Pq apostrophe
.It \e`
.Pq back-tick
.It \\
.Pq space
.It \\.
.Pq period
.El
.\" PARAGRAPH
.Pp
Enclosures:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
.It \\(rC
.Pq right brace
.It \\(lC
.Pq left brace
.It \\(ra
.Pq right angle
.It \\(la
.Pq left angle
.It \\(rB
.Pq right bracket
.It \\(lB
.Pq left bracket
.It \\q
.Pq double-quote
.It \\(lq
.Pq left double-quote
.It \\(Lq
.Pq left double-quote, deprecated
.It \\(rq
.Pq right double-quote
.It \\(Rq
.Pq right double-quote, deprecated
.It \\(oq
.Pq left single-quote
.It \\(aq
.Pq right single-quote
.El
.\" PARAGRAPH
.Pp
Indicatives:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
.It \\(<-
.Pq left arrow
.It \\(->
.Pq right arrow
.It \\(ua
.Pq up arrow
.It \\(da
.Pq down arrow
.El
.\" PARAGRAPH
.Pp
Mathematical:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
.It \\(Gt
.Pq greater-than, deprecated
.It \\(Lt
.Pq less-than, deprecated
.It \\(<=
.Pq less-than-equal
.It \\(Le
.Pq less-than-equal, deprecated
.It \\(>=
.Pq greater-than-equal
.It \\(Ge
.Pq greater-than-equal
.It \\(==
.Pq equal
.It \\(!=
.Pq not equal
.It \\(Ne
.Pq not equal, deprecated
.It \\(if
.Pq infinity
.It \\(If
.Pq infinity, deprecated
.It \\(na
.Pq NaN , an extension
.It \\(Na
.Pq NaN, deprecated
.It \\(+-
.Pq plus-minus
.It \\(Pm
.Pq plus-minus, deprecated
.It \\(**
.Pq asterisk
.El
.\" PARAGRAPH
.Pp
Diacritics:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
.It \\(ga
.Pq accent grave
.It \\(aa
.Pq accent accute
.El
.\" PARAGRAPH
.Pp
Special symbols:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
.It \\(bu
.Pq bullet
.It \\(ba
.Pq bar
.It \\(Ba
.Pq bar, deprecated
.It \\(co
.Pq copyright
.It \\&
.Pq non-breaking space
.It \\e
.Pq escape
.It \\(Am
.Pq ampersand, deprecated
.El
.\" SECTION
.Sh CLASSIFICATION
Macros are classified in an ontology described by scope rules.
.Bl -tag -width "in-lineX"
.\" LIST-ITEM
.It Em Block
Block macros enclose other block macros, in-line macros or text, and
may span multiple lines.
.Qq Implicit
block scope is closed by a subsequent invocation of the same macro,
one of a set of corresponding closure macros or end-of-file.
.Qq Explicit
block scope is closed by a corresponding closure macro.
.Bl -tag -width "partial-blockX"
.\" LIST-ITEM
.It Em Full-block
Always spans multiple lines. Consists optionally of one or more
.Qq heads ,
subsequent macros or text on the same line following invocation; a
.Qq body ,
which spans subsequent lines of text or macros; and an optional
.Qq tail ,
macros or text on the same line following closure.
.\" LIST-ITEM
.It Em Partial-block
May span multiple lines. Consists optionally of a
.Qq head ,
text immediately following invocation; always a
.Qq body ,
text or macros following the head on the same and subsequent lines; and
optionally a
.Qq tail ,
text immediately following closure.
.El
.\" LIST-ITEM
.It Em In-line
In-line macros may only enclose text and span at most a single line. If
a macro is parsable, its scope may be closed by subsequent macros or
delimiting punctuation. In-line macros follow different conventions for
closure; see
.Sx MACROS
for per-macro details.
.El
.\" .\" SUB-SECTION
.\" .Ss Examples
.\" The following examples illustrate each macro classification.
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Implicit full-block. Has head, body and no tail. Scope closed by
.\" second
.\" .Sq \&Sh
.\" invocation.
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXXX
.\" \&.Sh SECTION 1
.\" body...
.\" \&.Sh SECTION 2
.\" .Ed
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Nested implicit full-block, where the subsection
.\" .Sq \&Ss
.\" is within the scope of the parent section
.\" .Sq \&Sh
.\" and closed along with its parent by the subsequent
.\" .Sq \&Sh .
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXXX
.\" \&.Sh SECTION 1
.\" \&.Ss Subsection 1
.\" body...
.\" \&.Sh SECTION 2
.\" .Ed
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Explicit full-block. Has a head, a body and no tail. Scope closed by
.\" .Sq \&Ef
.\" invocation.
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXXX
.\" \&.Bf symbolic
.\" body...
.\" \&.Ef
.\" .Ed
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Nested explicit/implicit scope.
.\" .Sq \&It
.\" macro is an implicit block whose scope is closed by the explicit
.\" .Sq \&El
.\" closure.
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXXX
.\" \&.Bl \-bullet
.\" \&.It head
.\" body...
.\" \&.El
.\" .Ed
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Explicit partial-block. Has head, body and tail. Scope closed by
.\" .Sq \&Ec
.\" invocation.
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXX
.\" \&.Eo head body... \&Ec tail
.\" .Ed
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Implicit partial-block. Has only body. Scope is closed by end-of-line.
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXX
.\" \&.Sq body...
.\" .Ed
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Explicit partial-block with only body and scope closed by
.\" .Sq \&Ac
.\" invocation.
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXXX
.\" \&.Ao body... \&Ac
.\" .Ed
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Implicit partial-block enclosing explicit partial-block.
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXX
.\" \&.Sq body... \&Ao body... \&Ac
.\" .Ed
.\" .\" PARAGRAPH
.\" .Pp
.\" Inline macros, several in sequence. Scope is closed for
.\" .Sq \&Fl
.\" by the punctuation delimiter and
.\" .Sq \&Ar
.\" by the end-of-line.
.\" .Bd -literal -offset XXXX
.\" \&.Fl text0 text1 ; Ar text0 text1
.\" .Ed
.\" SECTION
.Sh MACROS
This section contains a complete list of all
.Nm
macros, arranged ontologically then alphanumerically by macro name. A
.Qq callable
macro is may be invoked subsequent to the initial macro-line macro. A
.Qq parsable
macro May be followed by further (ostensibly callable) macros.
.\" SUB-SECTION
.Ss Block full-implicit
The head of these macros follows invocation; the body is the content of
subsequent lines prior to closure. None of these macros have tails;
some
.Po
.Sq \&It \-bullet ,
.Sq \-hyphen ,
.Sq \-dash ,
.Sq \-enum
.Pc
don't have heads.
.Pp
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "Closing" -compact -offset XXXX
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Closing
.It \&.Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta \&.Sh
.It \&.Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta \&.Sh, \&.Ss
.It \&.It Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&.It, \&.El
.El
.\" SUB-SECTION
.Ss Block full-explicit
None of these macros are callable or parsed. The last column indicates
the explicit scope rules. All contains bodies, some may contain heads
.Pq So \&Bf Sc .
.Pp
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXX" -compact -offset XXXX
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
.It \&.Bd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by \&.Ed
.It \&.Ed Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by \&.Bd
.It \&.Bl Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by \&.El
.It \&.El Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by \&.Bl
.It \&.Bf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by \&.Ef
.It \&.Ef Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by \&.Bf
.El
.\" SUB-SECTION
.Ss Block partial-implicit
All of these are callable and parsed for further macros. Their scopes
close at the invocation's end-of-line.
.Pp
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" -compact -offset XXXX
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable
.It \&.Aq Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Op Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Bq Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Dq Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Pq Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Brq Ta Yes Ta Yes
.El
.\" SUB-SECTION
.Ss Block partial-explicit
Each of these contains at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a
head
.Pq So \&Fo Sc , So \&Eo Sc
and/or tail
.Pq So \&Ec Sc .
.Pp
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXX" -compact -offset XXXX
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
.It \&.Ao Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Ac
.It \&.Ac Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Ao
.It \&.Bc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Bo
.It \&.Bo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Bc
.It \&.Pc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Po
.It \&.Po Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Pc
.It \&.Do Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Dc
.It \&.Dc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Do
.It \&.Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Xc
.It \&.Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Xo
.It \&.Bro Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Brc
.It \&.Brc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Bro
.It \&.Oc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Oo
.It \&.Oo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Oc
.It \&.So Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Sc
.It \&.Sc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.So
.It \&.Fc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Fo
.It \&.Fo Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by \&.Fc
.It \&.Ec Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Eo
.It \&.Eo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Ec
.It \&.Qc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by \&.Oo
.It \&.Qo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by \&.Oc
.El
.\" SUB-SECTION
.Ss General
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" -compact -offset XXXX
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable
.It \&.Dd Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Dt Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Os Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Pp Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.D1 Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Dl Ta \& Ta Yes
.It \&.Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.An Ta \& Ta Yes
.It \&.Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Cd Ta Yes Ta \&
.It \&.Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Er Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Ex Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Fd Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Fl Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Ft Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.In Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Li Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Nd Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Nm Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Ot Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Rv Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.St Ta Yes Ta \&
.It \&.Va Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.%A Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%B Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%C Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%D Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%I Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%J Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%N Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%O Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%P Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%R Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%T Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.%V Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.At Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Bsx Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Db Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Em Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Fx Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Ms Ta \& Ta Yes
.It \&.No Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Ns Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Nx Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Ox Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Pf Ta \& Ta Yes
.It \&.Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Re Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Rs Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Sm Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Tn Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Bk Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Ek Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Bt Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Hf Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Fr Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Ud Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Lb Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes
.It \&.Lp Ta \& Ta \&
.It \&.Lk Ta \& Ta Yes
.It \&.Mt Ta \& Ta Yes
.El
