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@Section
@Title { Large-scale structure: chapters, sections, etc. }
@RunningTitle { Large-scale structure }
@Tag { largescale }
@Begin
@PP
Lout's large-scale structure symbols vary with the type of document
large.scale. @Index { large-scale structure }
({@Code "@Chapter"} for books, @Code "@Overhead" for overhead
transparencies, etc.), but they all work in the same way. Here is a
typical example, {@Code "@Section"}, as it would actually be used:
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@Section"
" @Title { Allocation of teachers }"
"@Begin"
"@PP"
"Apart from the usual need to avoid clashes, the allocation of teachers must"
"ensure that no teacher teaches more than seven periods per day, or ..."
"@End @Section"
}
First comes the symbol itself, then any options in the usual way, and
then the following object, enclosed in @Code "@Begin" and
{@Code "@End @Section"}. The following object, also called the body
of the section, may contain paragraphs, displays, and all the other
features as usual. The body should begin with a paragraph symbol,
which may be @Code "@PP" or @Code "@LP" as you prefer. The result is
a section like the present one, automatically numbered, with the
@Code "@Title" option for its heading, preceded by a conditional new
title. @Index @Code "@Title"
page symbol (Section {@NumberOf paragraphs}).
@PP
When @Code "@Section" symbols are used within an ordinary document, they
must be bracketed by @Code "@BeginSections" and @Code "@EndSections"
symbols, like this:
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@SysInclude { doc }"
"@Doc @Text @Begin"
"preceding text"
"@BeginSections"
"@Section ... @End @Section"
"@Section ... @End @Section"
"..."
"@Section ... @End @Section"
"@EndSections"
"@End @Text"
}
This arrangement is reminiscent of the one for lists, and, as for
lists, there may be no paragraph or new page symbols before, between,
or after the sections. To change the gap between sections, you need
to change the @Code "@SectionGap" option in the setup file, as explained
in Chapter {@NumberOf types}.
@PP
The @Code "@Begin ... @End @Section" that brackets the body of each
section may be abbreviated to {@Code "{ ... }"}. However, the long
form is recommended because it helps Lout to detect missing or extra
braces within the body of the section.
@PP
All large-scale structure symbols have a @Code "@Tag" option, whose
use is explained in Section {@NumberOf cross}, and a @Code "@RunningTitle"
runningtitle. @Index @Code "@RunningTitle"
option. If running page headers have been requested, @Code "@RunningTitle"
will be used if it is given, otherwise @Code "@Title" will be used for the
running header. For example, the present section begins like this:
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@Section"
" @Title { Large-scale structure: chapters, sections, etc. }"
" @RunningTitle { Large-scale structure }"
" @Tag { largescale }"
"@Begin"
"..."
}
The point is that the section title is rather long for a running
title, and so we use @Code "@RunningTitle" to get an abbreviated
version of it.
@PP
Section titles typically appear in Bold face in the section heading,
but in Roman face in tables of contents and running page headers. So
if part of your title is in italics, enclose it in @Code "@II" rather
than just @Code "@I" to ensure that you get the right kind of italics
in both contexts.
@PP
All large-scale structure symbols also have an @Code "@InitialLanguage"
option which sets the current language for the duration of that
symbol. However, footnotes, endnotes, figures, tables, references,
and index entries are set in the initial language of the document as
a whole, unless you change their language explicitly using the
@Code "@Language" symbol.
@PP
The remainder of this section describes the setup file options for
controlling the appearance of large-scale structure symbols. (For an
introduction to setup files, consult Section {@NumberOf setup}.) These
options mainly appear in the third @Code "@Use" clause, since exactly which
large-scale structure symbols exist depends on the type of document. For
example, here are the setup file options from the @Code "doc" setup file
relating to appendices:
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@AppendixWord { appendix }"
"@AppendixNumbers { UCAlpha }"
"@FirstAppendixNumber { 1 }"
"@AppendixHeadingFont { Bold }"
"@AppendixHeadingBreak { ragged 1.2fx nohyphen }"
"@AppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title }"
"@AppendixGap { 2.0v @OrIfPlain 2f }"
"@AppendixInContents { Yes }"
"@AppendixNumInTheorems { No }"
"@AppendixNumInDisplays { Yes }"
"@AppendixNumInFigures { No }"
"@AppendixNumInTables { No }"
"@AppendixPrefix { }"
}
There are similar options for each large-scale structure symbol. Here is
a brief explanation.
@PP
@Code "@AppendixWord" contains the word that is to be prefixed to the
appendix number in full headings. The special value @Code appendix
produces Appendix or its equivalent translated into the current
language. Any other value produces itself.
@PP
@Code "@AppendixNumbers" determines the style of numbering of appendices,
and may be {@Code Arabic}, {@Code Roman}, {@Code UCRoman}, {@Code Alpha},
{@Code UCAlpha}, or {@Code None} meaning unnumbered. Most common is
{@Code Arabic}, but appendices traditionally use upper-case
letters, hence the value {@Code UCAlpha} given above.
@PP
@Code "@FirstAppendixNumber { 1 }" is the number (always in Arabic) to
assign to the first appendix. It is almost always 1, but a few people
like to start their numbering from 0; this is only possible if the
style of numbering specified by @Code "@AppendixNumbers" is {@Code Arabic}.
@PP
@Code "@AppendixHeadingFont" and @Code "@AppendixHeadingBreak" specify
the font and paragraph breaking style to be applied to the appendix
heading (relative to {@Code "@InitialFont"} and {@Code "@InitialBreak"});
the default values shown above produce Bold in the current font family
and size, and ragged breaking without hyphenation.
@PP
@Code "@AppendixHeadingFormat" defines the format of the appendix
heading. Within it, the symbols @Code number and @Code title stand for the
appendix number (including the appendix word) and title respectively. The
@Code "@DotSep" symbol produces a dot and two spaces, except when there is
no number, when it produces nothing. For example, to draw a full-width
rule under the heading, change this option to
@ID @Code "@AppendixHeadingFormat { number @DotSep title @LP @FullWidthRule }"
Arbitrary formats are acceptable.
@PP
@Code "@AppendixGap" determines the vertical space to leave between
appendices; the default above leaves {@Code 2v}, except that when plain
text output is in effect it leaves @Code 2f instead. To get a new page
between appendices, use the magic value {@Code 2b}, which is raw Lout for
new page. In books, the major components (preface, introduction, tables
of contents, parts, chapters, appendices, and indexes) always start on a
new page and there is nothing you can do to change that.
@PP
@Code "@AppendixInContents" determines whether the appendix will be listed
in the table of contents, and may be @Code "Yes" or {@Code No}. The
next few options determine whether an appendix number will be included
in the numbers assigned to theorems etc., numbered displays, figures,
and tables.
@PP
There is a @Code "@StructPageNums" setup file option which determines
whether page numbers will include the numbers of large-scale structure
symbols. If it is {@Code "Yes"}, @Code "@AppendixPrefix" is prefixed
to all page numbers of pages containing appendices. For example, setting
@Code "@AppendixPrefix" to @Code { APP- } produces page
numbers APP-A-1, APP-A-2, and so on. The object separating each element
of such compound numbers is determined by the @Code "@NumberSeparator"
numberseparator. @Index @Code "@NumberSeparator"
setup file option, which has default value @Code "." but which can easily
be set to @Code "-" or @Code "--" if desired.
@PP
Running page headers above appendices always include the title of
the appendix, so there is no option for specifying whether to do so or
not. But for subappendices and other such smaller units, the choice of
whether to mention them in running headers is left to the user:
@ID @Code "@SubAppendixNumInRunners { Yes }"
Despite the misleading name, this option determines whether the entire
subappendix @I title as well as number will be used as a running header.
@End @Section
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