@Section
   @Title { Ordinary documents }
   @Tag { ordinary }
@Begin
@PP
Ordinary documents are the simplest kind, consisting of a plain sequence
ordinary. @Index { ordinary documents }
of numbered pages.  To produce an ordinary document, use the @Code doc
setup file and the @Code "@Doc" symbol:
doc. @Index @Code "@Doc"
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@SysInclude { doc }"
"@Doc @Text @Begin"
"..."
"@End @Text"
}
where @Code ... stands for the body of your document.  This is the
arrangement from Section {@NumberOf start} for getting
started.  Alternatively, you can begin with
@Code "@Document" instead of {@Code "@Doc"}:
document. @Index @Code "@Document"
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@SysInclude { doc }"
"@Document"
"    @InitialFont { Times Base 12p }"
"    @InitialBreak { adjust 1.2fx hyphen }"
"    @InitialSpace { lout }"
"    @InitialLanguage { English }"
"    @PageOrientation { Portrait }"
"    @PageHeaders { Simple }"
"    @FirstPageNumber { 1 }"
"    @ColumnNumber { 1 }"
"    @OptimizePages { No }"
"    @Unpaginated { No }"
"//"
"@Text @Begin"
"..."
"@End @Text"
}
This shows all the options of {@Code "@Document"}, with their default
values.  As usual with options, the options of {@Code "@Document"}
may be given in any order, and only the ones that need to be changed
need be given at all.  Notice the @Code "//" after the last option.  Its
meaning is beyond our
scope, but total disaster will ensue if it is forgotten.  The @Code "@Doc"
symbol is an abbreviation for {@Code "@Document //"}, which is why you don't
need @Code "//" with {@Code "@Doc"}.
@PP
The eight options are a selection of setup file options (Section
{@NumberOf setup}) that frequently need to be changed.  If your changes
to the overall formatting are confined to these options, you can change
them here and avoid having your own setup file.  If you already have
your own setup file, change them in either place and omit them in
the other.
@PP
@Code "@InitialFont" is the font of the bulk of the document,
and should contain a family, a face, and a size.  The default
value selects the Times family, the Base face, and the 12 point size.
@PP
@Code "@InitialBreak" controls the behaviour of paragraph breaking in
the bulk of the document.  It should have three parts:  a paragraph
breaking style ({@Code adjust}, {@Code ragged}, etc.), an inter-line
spacing ({@Code "1.2fx"} for single spacing, {@Code "2.4fx"} for
double spacing, and so on), and either @Code "hyphen" or @Code "nohyphen"
for turning hyphenation on or off.  It may also have @Code "nobreakfirst"
or @Code "nobreaklast" (or both), meaning to disallow a page break after
the first line of a paragraph, or before the last, respectively.
@PP
@Code "@InitialSpace" determines how Lout treats white space between
two objects, as described in Section
{@NumberOf white}.  @Code "@InitialLanguage" determines the language
of the bulk of the document.
@PP
@Code "@PageOrientation" determines the orientation of the page.  Its
value may be {@Code Portrait} (the default), {@Code Landscape},
{@Code ReversePortrait}, or {@Code ReverseLandscape}.  See
Section {@NumberOf pagesize} for further details.
@PP
@Code "@PageHeaders" determines the appearance of page headers and
footers throughout the document, and may be {@Code None},
{@Code Simple}, {@Code Titles}, or {@Code NoTitles}.  Section
{@NumberOf headers} has the details, but just briefly, {@Code None}
means no page headers at all, {@Code Simple} means a
page number between hyphens at the top of each page except the first,
@Code Titles produces full running titles as in this guide,
and @Code "NoTitles" is like @Code "Titles" with the running titles
omitted, leaving just the page numbers.
@PP
@Code "@FirstPageNumber" is the page number given to the first page.
@PP
@Code "@ColumnNumber" is the number of columns per page in the bulk of
the document, and may be anything from {@Code 1} (the default value) to
{@Code 10}.  It is possible to produce full-width ordinary
text in a multi-column document, using the @Code "@FullWidth"
full.width. @Index @Code "@FullWidth"
symbol:
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@SysInclude { doc }"
"@Document"
"    @ColumnNumber { 2 }"
"//"
"@Text @Begin"
"@FullWidth {"
"@CentredDisplay @Heading { NOTICE TO TRESPASSERS }"
"}Trespassers are hereby notified that, ..."
"@End @Text"
}
This produces a full-width heading above a two-column body.  The word
@Code Trespassers has been placed immediately after the closing brace
of @Code "@FullWidth" because (regrettably) any space here will appear
before @Code Trespassers in the output.  Alternatively you could use
a paragraph symbol:
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@FullWidth {"
"@CentredDisplay @Heading { NOTICE TO TRESPASSERS }"
"}"
"@PP"
"Trespassers are hereby notified that, ..."
}
You can have several @Code "@FullWidth" symbols,
producing full-width text wherever you want.  Just be aware that
@Code "@FullWidth" always causes a fresh page to be begun, it will never
appear on the same page as a figure or table, and it is not able to hold
a table of contents, a section, or an appendix.
@PP
Lout ordinarily places lines onto a page until space runs out, then moves
to the next page and so on.  This often produces ugly empty spaces at
the bottoms of pages preceding large unbreakable displays.  Setting the
@Code "@OptimizePages" option to {@Code "Yes"} causes Lout to examine the
overall situation and try to minimize the ugliness, using the @TeX
tex.page @SubIndex { page optimization }
optimal paragraph breaking algorithm.  It takes two runs to do this,
with intermediate results stored in Lout's cross reference database
(Section {@NumberOf cross}); so deleting file {@Code lout.li} will reset
it, which might be wise after major changes.  It is possible for the
optimizer to cycle, never settling on a single final best
version; this is usually caused by footnotes or floating figures inserted
at points that end up near page boundaries.
@PP
The @Code "@Unpaginated" option, whose value is ignored unless plain text
output is in effect, produces unpaginated output when changed to
{@Code Yes} (see Section {@NumberOf plain}).
@PP
Within the @Code "@Text" symbol, it is possible to have a sequence
of sections:
section. @RawIndex @Code "@Section"
section.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
beginsections. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSections"
beginsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
endsections. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSections"
endsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"preceding text"
"@BeginSections"
"@Section ... @End @Section"
"@Section ... @End @Section"
"..."
"@Section ... @End @Section"
"@EndSections"
}
as described in Section {@NumberOf largescale}.  Within any
section, a similar arrangement produces subsections:
subsection. @RawIndex @Code "@SubSection"
subsection.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
beginsubsections. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSubSections"
beginsubsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
endsubsections. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSubSections"
endsubsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"preceding text"
"@BeginSubSections"
"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection"
"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection"
"..."
"@SubSection ... @End @SubSection"
"@EndSubSections"
}
Within any subsection, there may be sub-subsections, obtained
using {@Code "@BeginSubSubSections"}, {@Code "@SubSubSection"},
subsubsection. @RawIndex @Code "@SubSubSection"
subsubsection.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
beginsubsubsections. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSubSubSections"
beginsubsubsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
endsubsubsections. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSubSubSections"
endsubsubsections.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
and {@Code "@EndSubSubSections"}.  There are no sub-sub-subsections.
@PP
Also within the @Code "@Text" symbol only, there may be a sequence of
appendices:
appendix. @RawIndex @Code "@Appendix"
appendix.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
beginappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginAppendices"
beginappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
endappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@EndAppendices"
endappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"preceding text"
"@BeginAppendices"
"@Appendix ... @End @Appendix"
"@Appendix ... @End @Appendix"
"..."
"@Appendix ... @End @Appendix"
"@EndAppendices"
}
These will be `numbered' A, B, C etc. as is conventional.  Within any
appendix there may be a sequence of subappendices, obtained in the
usual way using  {@Code "@BeginSubAppendices"}, {@Code "@SubAppendix"},
subappendix. @RawIndex @Code "@SubAppendix"
subappendix.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
beginsubappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSubAppendices"
beginsubappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
endsubappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSubAppendices"
endsubappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
and {@Code "@EndSubAppendices"}.  There are sub-subappendices as well,
following the same pattern, but no sub-sub-subappendices.
subsubappendix. @RawIndex @Code "@SubSubAppendix"
subsubappendix.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
beginsubsubappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@BeginSubSubAppendices"
beginsubsubappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
endsubsubappendices. @RawIndex @Code "@EndSubSubAppendices"
endsubsubappendices.ordinary @SubIndex { in ordinary documents }
@PP
In addition to the {@Code "@Title"} option, each large-scale structure
symbol ({@Code "@Section"}, {@Code "@SubSection"}, {@Code "@SubSubSection"},
{@Code "@Appendix"}, {@Code "@SubAppendix"}, and {@Code "@SubSubAppendix"})
has a @Code "@Tag" option for cross referencing (Section {@NumberOf cross}),
an @Code "@InitialLanguage" option for changing the language of that part
of the document, and a @Code "@RunningTitle" option which will be used in
place of @Code "@Title" in running headers if given.  @Code "@RunningTitle"
is useful when the full title is rather long.
@PP
The features described in other chapters are all available within
ordinary documents.  Endnotes and references appear automatically at
the end of the document.  Figures are labelled Figure 1, Figure 2,
etc., and tables are labelled Table 1, Table 2, etc.
@PP
To get a table of contents, set the @Code "@MakeContents" option in
the setup file to {@Code Yes}, and insert the symbol
@Code "@ContentsGoesHere" at the point where you would like the
contents.goes.here. @Index @Code "@ContentsGoesHere"
table of contents to appear, anywhere before the first section:
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@SysInclude { doc }"
"@Text @Begin"
"@CentredDisplay @Heading { Safety Procedures }"
"@Heading { Contents }"
"@DP"
"@ContentsGoesHere"
"@DP"
"..."
"@End @Text"
}
You must supply your own heading, as well as paragraph symbols
before and after.  Regrettably, @Code "@ContentsGoesHere" may
not be placed inside a display, nor inside {@Code "@FullWidth"}.
@PP
To get an index, set the @Code "@MakeIndex" option in the setup file
to {@Code Yes}, and follow the instructions in Section
{@NumberOf indexes}.  The index will appear automatically at the end
of your document.
@PP
Within the @Code doc setup file there is an @Code "@OrdinarySetup"
symbol whose options control the appearance of features specific to
ordinary documents (in other words, the features described in this
section).  Here is a representative sample of these options, showing
their default values:
ordinary.setup @Index @Code "@OrdinarySetup"
@ID @OneRow @Code {
"@Use { @OrdinarySetup"
"  # @IndexWord { index }"
"  # @AppendixWord { appendix }"
"  # @SectionNumbers { Arabic }"
"  # @SectionHeadingFont { Bold }"
"  # @SectionGap { 2.00v }"
"  # @SectionInContents { Yes }"
"}"
}
Section {@NumberOf setup} explains how to make your own setup file and
change its options.
@PP
The @Code "@IndexWord" option determines what the index is called, if
there is one.  The default value, {@Code "index"}, produces the word
`Index' in the current language.  Any other value produces itself.  The
@Code "@AppendixWord" option is similar; its default value is `Appendix'
in the current language.
@PP
@Code "@SectionNumbers" determines how sections will be numbered, and may
be @Code { None }, @Code { Arabic }, @Code { Roman }, @Code { UCRoman },
@Code { Alpha }, or @Code { UCAlpha }.  The default value is @Code Arabic
for sections and also all other large-scale structure symbols except
appendices, for which it is {@Code UCAlpha}.  This produces the appendices
numbered in upper-case letters (A, B, C, etc.) that were mentioned earlier.
@PP
@Code "@SectionHeadingFont" is the font used for section headings.  The
default value produces the bold face from the family of the
initial font.  A family name or size is also acceptable:
@ID @Code "@SectionHeadingFont { Helvetica Base +2p }"
makes the section heading appear in the Helvetica font, two
points larger than the initial size.
@PP
@Code "@SectionGap" determines how much space is left blank before each
section title;  the default value shown above is twice the current
inter-line spacing.  The special value @Code "2b" may be used to get a
page break rather than a space.  There are similar options for other
large-scale structure symbols, which determine how much space is left
before each one.
@PP
@Code "@SectionInContents" determines whether or not an entry is made in
the table of contents for each section; it may be @Code Yes or {@Code No},
but would always be {@Code Yes}.  The default value of the corresponding
options for sub-subsections and sub-subappendices, however, is {@Code No}.
@End @Section