%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.40 (June 2013) %%CreationDate: Sun Jun 18 15:40:20 2023 %%DocumentData: Binary %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) %%DocumentMedia: A4 595 842 0 white () %%PageOrder: Ascend %%LanguageLevel: 2 %%Pages: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: procset LoutStartUp /cp_x 0 def /cp_y 0 def /louts 0 def /loutv 0 def /loutf 0 def /ymark 0 def /xmark 0 def /ysize 0 def /xsize 0 def /save_cp { currentpoint /cp_y exch def /cp_x exch def } bind def /restore_cp { cp_x cp_y moveto } bind def /outline { gsave 1 1 1 setrgbcolor dup show save_cp grestore true charpath stroke restore_cp } bind def /m { 3 1 roll moveto show } bind def /mo { 3 1 roll moveto outline } bind def /s { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show } bind def /so { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto outline } bind def /k { exch neg 0 rmoveto show } bind def /ko { exch neg 0 rmoveto outline } bind def /r { exch 0 rmoveto show } bind def /ro { exch 0 rmoveto outline } bind def /c { gsave 3 1 roll rmoveto show grestore } bind def /co { gsave 3 1 roll rmoveto outline grestore } bind def /ul { gsave setlinewidth dup 3 1 roll moveto lineto stroke grestore } bind def /in { 1440 mul } bind def /cm { 567 mul } bind def /pt { 20 mul } bind def /em { 120 mul } bind def /sp { louts mul } def /vs { loutv mul } def /ft { loutf mul } def /dg { } def /LoutGraphic { /louts exch def /loutv exch def /loutf exch def /ymark exch def /xmark exch def /ysize exch def /xsize exch def } def /LoutGr2 { gsave translate LoutGraphic gsave } def /LoutFont { findfont exch scalefont setfont } bind def /LoutRecode { { findfont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } stopped pop } bind def /PreEPSF_state 0 def /dict_stack 0 def /ops_count 0 def /LoutStartEPSF { % prepare for EPSF inclusion /PreEPSF_state save def /dict_stack countdictstack def /ops_count count 1 sub def 20 dict begin /showpage {} def 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath /languagelevel where { pop languagelevel 1 ne { false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint } if } if } bind def /LoutEPSFCleanUp { % clean up after EPSF inclusion count ops_count sub { pop } repeat countdictstack dict_stack sub { end } repeat PreEPSF_state restore } bind def % Find current texture (may be null) % - LoutCurrentP p /LoutCurrentP { currentcolorspace 0 get /Pattern eq { [ currentcolor ] dup length 1 sub get } { null } ifelse } def % Find current color and color space % - LoutCurrentCCS c cs /LoutCurrentCCS { LoutCurrentP dup null eq { pop [ currentcolor ] currentcolorspace } { dup /UnderlyingColor get exch /UnderlyingColorSpace get } ifelse } def % Install c, cs, and (a copy of) p into graphics state % c cs p LoutSetCCSP - /LoutSetCCSP { dup null eq { pop setcolorspace aload pop setcolor } { % copy pattern dictionary 12 dict copy % record cs and c in p dup /UnderlyingColorSpace 3 index put dup /UnderlyingColor 4 index put % do setcolorspace and setcolor dup /PaintType get 1 eq { [ /Pattern ] setcolorspace setcolor pop pop } { [ /Pattern 4 -1 roll ] setcolorspace exch aload length 1 add -1 roll setcolor } ifelse } ifelse } bind def % num LoutSetGray - /LoutSetGray { [ 2 1 roll ] [ /DeviceGray ] LoutCurrentP LoutSetCCSP } bind def % r g b LoutSetRGBColor - /LoutSetRGBColor { [ 4 1 roll ] [ /DeviceRGB ] LoutCurrentP LoutSetCCSP } bind def % h s b LoutSetHSBColor - /LoutSetHSBColor { gsave sethsbcolor currentrgbcolor grestore LoutSetRGBColor } bind def % c m y k LoutSetRGBColor - /LoutSetCMYKColor { [ 5 1 roll ] [ /DeviceCMYK ] LoutCurrentP LoutSetCCSP } bind def % p LoutSetTexture - /LoutSetTexture { LoutCurrentCCS 3 -1 roll LoutSetCCSP } bind def % % LoutMakeTexture p /LoutMakeTexture { 12 dict begin /PaintProc exch def /YStep exch def /XStep exch def /BBox exch def /PaintType exch def /PatternType 1 def /TilingType 1 def currentdict end 7 1 roll matrix translate 5 1 roll matrix rotate 4 1 roll matrix scale exch dup matrix scale matrix concatmatrix matrix concatmatrix matrix concatmatrix /makepattern where { pop makepattern } { pop pop null } ifelse } bind def /LoutTextureSolid { null LoutSetTexture } bind def %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset LoutTabPrependGraphic % @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/tabf.lpg %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Tab % % % % This file has been placed in the public domain % % by its author, Jeffrey H. Kingston % % % % To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names % % of all these symbols begin with "ltab". % % % % Jeffrey H. Kingston % % 24 September 1991 % % 22 December 1992 % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % linewidth ltabhs - % horizontal single line /ltabhs { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabhsp - % horizontal single line with projecting ends /ltabhsp { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto setlinewidth 2 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabhd - % horizontal double line /ltabhd { dup dup 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0 exch 3 mul moveto xsize exch 3 mul lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabhdb - % horizontal double line below mark /ltabhdb { dup dup 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0 exch -3 mul moveto xsize exch -3 mul lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabhdnw - % horizontal double line with northwest corner /ltabhdnw { dup dup dup dup 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize exch 3 mul moveto -3 mul exch 3 mul lineto -3 mul 0 lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabhdne - % horizontal double line with northeast corner /ltabhdne { dup dup dup dup 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0 exch 3 mul moveto 3 mul xsize add exch 3 mul lineto 3 mul xsize add 0 lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabhdsw - % horizontal double line with southwest corner /ltabhdsw { dup dup dup dup 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize exch -3 mul moveto -3 mul exch -3 mul lineto -3 mul 0 lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabhdse - % horizontal double line with southeast corner /ltabhdse { dup dup dup dup 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0 exch -3 mul moveto 3 mul xsize add exch -3 mul lineto 3 mul xsize add 0 lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 2 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabvs - % vertical single line /ltabvs { 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabvd - % vertical double line /ltabvd { dup dup 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto -3 mul 0 moveto -3 mul ysize lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke } def % linewidth ltabvdr - % vertical double line to right of mark /ltabvdr { dup dup 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto 3 mul 0 moveto 3 mul ysize lineto setlinewidth 0 setlinecap stroke } def %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset LoutFigPrependGraphic % @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/figf.lpg %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @Fig Jeffrey H. Kingston % % Version 2.0 (includes CIRCUM label) January 1992 % % % % This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % % Jeffrey H. Kingston % % % % Although Fig is now obsolete I have updated it 20 October 2002 % % to work with textures, i.e. replacing setrgbcolor with % % LoutSetRGBColor. % % % % To assist in avoiding name clashes, the names of all symbols % % defined here begin with "lfig". However, this is not feasible % % with user-defined labels and some labels used by users. % % % % is two numbers, a point. % % is one number, a length % % is one number, an angle in degrees % % is one number, the preferred length of a dash % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% errordict begin /handleerror { { /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont 0 setgray 4 pt 4 pt moveto $error /errorname get dup lfigdict exch known { lfigdict exch get } { 30 string cvs } ifelse show ( Command: ) show $error /command get 30 string cvs show } stopped {} if showpage stop } def end % concat strings: lfigconcat % must be defined outside lfigdict since used in lfigpromotelabels /lfigconcat { 2 copy length exch length add string dup 0 4 index putinterval dup 3 index length 3 index putinterval 3 1 roll pop pop } def % lfigdebugprint - % must be defined outside lfigdict since used in arbitrary places % /lfigdebugprint % { print % (; operand stack:\n) print % count copy % count 2 idiv % { == % (\n) print % } repeat % (\n) print % } def /lfigdict 120 dict def lfigdict begin % error messages /dictfull (dictfull error: too many labels?) def /dictstackoverflow (dictstackoverflow error: labels nested too deeply?) def /execstackoverflow (execstackoverflow error: figure nested too deeply?) def /limitcheck (limitcheck error: figure nested too deeply or too large?) def /syntaxerror (syntaxerror error: syntax error in text of figure?) def /typecheck (typecheck error: syntax error in text of figure?) def /undefined (undefined error: unknown or misspelt label?) def /VMError (VMError error: run out of memory?) def % push pi onto stack: - lfigpi /lfigpi 3.14159 def % arc directions /clockwise false def /anticlockwise true def % maximum of two numbers: lfigmax /lfigmax { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def % minimum of two numbers: lfigmin /lfigmin { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def % add two points: lfigpadd /lfigpadd { exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch } def % subtract first point from second: lfigpsub /lfigpsub { 3 2 roll sub 3 1 roll exch sub exch } def % max two points: lfigpmax /lfigpmax { exch 3 1 roll lfigmax 3 1 roll lfigmax exch } def % min two points: lfigpmin /lfigpmin { exch 3 1 roll lfigmin 3 1 roll lfigmin exch } def % scalar multiplication: lfigpmul /lfigpmul { dup 3 1 roll mul 3 1 roll mul exch } def % point at angle and distance: lfigatangle /lfigatangle { 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul lfigpadd } def % angle from one point to another: lfigangle /lfigangle { lfigpsub 2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq and {pop} {exch atan} ifelse } def % distance between two points: lfigdistance /lfigdistance { lfigpsub dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt } def % difference in x coords: lfigxdistance /lfigxdistance { pop 3 1 roll pop sub } def %difference in y coords: lfigydistance /lfigydistance { 3 1 roll pop sub exch pop } def % stroke a solid line: lfigsolid - /lfigsolid { pop pop [] 0 setdash stroke } def % stroke a lfigdashed line: lfigdashed - /lfigdashed { 2 copy div 2 le 1 index 0 le or { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] 0 setdash } { dup [ exch 4 2 roll 2 copy div 1 sub 2 div ceiling dup 4 1 roll 1 add mul sub exch div ] 0 setdash } ifelse stroke } def % stroke a lfigcdashed line: lfigcdashed - /lfigcdashed { 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch dup ] dup 0 get 2 div setdash } { dup [ 4 2 roll exch 2 copy exch div 2 div ceiling div 1 index sub ] exch 2 div setdash } ifelse stroke } def % stroke a dotted line: lfigdotted - /lfigdotted { 2 copy le 1 index 0 le or { exch pop 1 pt lfigmax [ exch 0 exch ] 0 setdash } { 1 index exch div ceiling div [ 0 3 2 roll ] 0 setdash } ifelse stroke } def % stroke a noline line: lfignoline - /lfignoline { pop pop } def % painting (i.e. filling): - lfigwhite - (etc.) /lfignopaint { } def /lfignochange { fill } def /lfigdarkblue { 0.0 0.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigblue { 0.0 0.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiglightblue { 0.5 0.5 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigdarkgreen { 0.0 0.5 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiggreen { 0.0 1.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiglightgreen { 0.5 1.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigdarkred { 0.5 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigred { 1.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiglightred { 1.0 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigdarkcyan { 0.0 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigcyan { 0.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiglightcyan { 0.5 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigdarkmagenta { 0.5 0.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigmagenta { 1.0 0.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiglightmagenta { 1.0 0.5 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigdarkyellow { 0.5 0.5 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigyellow { 1.0 1.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiglightyellow { 1.0 1.0 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigdarkgray { 0.2 0.2 0.2 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiggray { 0.5 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiglightgray { 0.8 0.8 0.8 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigdarkgrey { 0.2 0.2 0.2 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiggrey { 0.5 0.5 0.5 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfiglightgrey { 0.8 0.8 0.8 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigblack { 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def /lfigwhite { 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill } def % line caps (and joins, not currently used) /lfigbutt 0 def /lfiground 1 def /lfigprojecting 2 def /lfigmiter 0 def /lfigbevel 2 def % shape and labels of the @Box symbol /lfigbox { 0 0 /SW lfigpointdef xsize 0 /SE lfigpointdef xsize ysize /NE lfigpointdef 0 ysize /NW lfigpointdef SE 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef NW 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef W SE lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef S NW lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef NE 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef SW SE NE NW SW } def % shape and labels of the @CurveBox symbol /lfigcurvebox { xsize 0.5 mul ysize 0.5 mul /CTR lfigpointdef xsize 0.5 mul 0 /S lfigpointdef xsize ysize 0.5 mul /E lfigpointdef xsize 0.5 mul ysize /N lfigpointdef 0 ysize 0.5 mul /W lfigpointdef xmark 0.293 mul xmark 0.293 mul /SW lfigpointdef xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub xmark 0.293 mul /SE lfigpointdef xsize xmark 0.293 mul sub ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NE lfigpointdef xmark 0.293 mul ysize xmark 0.293 mul sub /NW lfigpointdef [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul xmark /lfigcurveboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef xmark 0 xsize xmark sub 0 [ xsize xmark sub xmark ] xsize xmark xsize ysize xmark sub [ xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub ] xsize xmark sub ysize xmark ysize [ xmark ysize xmark sub ] 0 ysize xmark sub 0 xmark [ xmark xmark ] xmark 0 } def % shadow of the @ShadowBox symbol % its shape and labels are done, somewhat inaccurately, with lfigbox /lfigshadow { xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto xsize xmark sub xmark lineto xmark 2 mul xmark lineto closepath fill } def % shape and labels of the @Square symbol /lfigsquare { xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef CTR xsize xsize ysize ysize lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR NE lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef SW 0.5 lfigpmul SE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef NW 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef SW 0.5 lfigpmul NW 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef SE 0.5 lfigpmul NE 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef [ CTR NE lfigpsub /lfigboxcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef SW SE NE NW SW } def % shape and labels of the @Diamond symbol /lfigdiamond { xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef 0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef S W lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef CTR W lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef CTR S lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigdiamondcircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef S E N W S } def % shape and labels of the @Ellipse symbol /lfigellipse { xsize 0 0.5 lfigpmul /S lfigpointdef 0 ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /W lfigpointdef S W lfigpadd /CTR lfigpointdef CTR W lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef CTR S lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd lfigpsub /SE lfigpointdef xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef 0 ysize 0.3536 lfigpmul xsize 0 0.3536 lfigpmul CTR lfigpsub lfigpsub /SW lfigpointdef [ xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S } def % shape and labels of the @Circle symbol /lfigcircle { xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef CTR xsize 0 ysize 0 lfigpmax 0.5 lfigpmul lfigpadd /E lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 45 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NE lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 90 lfigatangle lfigpadd /N lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 135 lfigatangle lfigpadd /NW lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 180 lfigatangle lfigpadd /W lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 225 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SW lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 270 lfigatangle lfigpadd /S lfigpointdef CTR 0 0 CTR E lfigdistance 315 lfigatangle lfigpadd /SE lfigpointdef [ S E lfigpsub /lfigellipsecircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef S [ CTR ] E [ CTR ] N [ CTR ] W [ CTR ] S } def % shape and labels of the @HLine and @HArrow symbols /lfighline { 0 ymark lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef xsize ymark lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef } def % shape and labels of the @VLine and @VArrow symbols /lfigvline { xmark ysize lfigprevious /FROM lfigpointdef xmark 0 lfigprevious /TO lfigpointdef } def % points of a polygon around base with given no of sides, vert init angle: % figpolygon ... /lfigpolygon { xsize ysize 0.5 lfigpmul /CTR lfigpointdef 90 sub CTR 2 copy lfigmax 5 3 roll [ 4 copy pop /lfigpolycircum cvx ] lfigcircumdef exch dup 360 exch div exch 1 1 3 2 roll { 4 string cvs (P) exch lfigconcat cvn 6 copy pop pop lfigatangle 2 copy 10 2 roll 3 2 roll lfigpointdef dup 3 1 roll add exch } for pop lfigatangle } def % next array element: lfiggetnext true % or false /lfiggetnext { 2 copy exch length ge { false } { 2 copy get exch 1 add exch true } ifelse } def % check whether thing is number: lfigisnumbertype /lfigisnumbertype { dup type dup /integertype eq exch /realtype eq or } def % check whether thing is an array: lfigisarraytype /lfigisarraytype { dup type /arraytype eq } def % get next item: lfiggetnextitem 0 % or 1 % or 2 /lfiggetnextitem { lfiggetnext { lfigisarraytype { 1 } { lfigisnumbertype { 3 1 roll lfiggetnext { lfigisnumbertype { 4 3 roll exch 2 } { pop 3 2 roll pop 0 } ifelse } { 3 2 roll pop 0 } ifelse } { pop 0 } ifelse } ifelse } { 0 } ifelse } def % set arc path: bool x1 y1 x2 y2 x0 y0 lfigsetarc % the path goes from x1 y1 to x2 y2 about centre x0 y0, % anticlockwise if bool is true else clockwise. % The orientations of backwards pointing and forwards pointing % arrowheads are returned in the two angles, and % the length of the arc is returned in . /lfigsetarc { 20 dict begin matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll 2 copy translate 2 copy 8 2 roll 4 2 roll lfigpsub 6 2 roll lfigpsub dup /y1 exch def dup mul /y1s exch def dup /x1 exch def dup mul /x1s exch def dup /y2 exch def dup mul /y2s exch def dup /x2 exch def dup mul /x2s exch def y1s y2s eq { -1 } { y1s x2s mul y2s x1s mul sub y1s y2s sub div } ifelse /da exch def x1s x2s eq { -1 } { x1s y2s mul x2s y1s mul sub x1s x2s sub div } ifelse /db exch def da 0 gt db 0 gt and { /LMax da sqrt db sqrt lfigmax def /scalex da sqrt LMax div def /scaley db sqrt LMax div def scalex scaley scale 0 0 LMax 0 0 x1 scalex mul y1 scaley mul lfigangle 0 0 x2 scalex mul y2 scaley mul lfigangle 2 copy eq { 360 add } if 2 copy 8 2 roll 5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse 2 index 1 index { 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan 2 index 2 index { 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse dup sin scaley mul exch cos scalex mul atan 5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 anticlockwise { exch sub } { sub } ifelse dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul LMax mul 180 div } { 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 0 x2 y2 lfigdistance eq 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 gt and { 0 0 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance 0 0 x1 y1 lfigangle 0 0 x2 y2 lfigangle 2 copy eq { 360 add } if 2 copy 8 2 roll 5 index { arc } { arcn } ifelse 2 index 1 index { 90 sub } { 90 add } ifelse 2 index 2 index { 90 add } { 90 sub } ifelse 5 2 roll % res1 res2 ang1 ang2 clockwise { exch sub } { sub } ifelse dup 0 le { 360 add } if lfigpi mul 0 0 x1 y1 lfigdistance mul 180 div } { x2 y2 lineto pop x2 y2 x1 y1 lfigangle x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigangle x1 y1 x2 y2 lfigdistance } ifelse } ifelse 4 -1 roll setmatrix end } def % lfigsetcurve: set up a Bezier curve from x0 y0 to x3 y3 % and return arrowhead angles and length of curve (actually 0) % x0 y0 x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 lfigsetcurve /lfigsetcurve { 8 copy curveto pop pop lfigangle 5 1 roll 4 2 roll lfigangle exch 0 } def % lfigpaintpath: paint a path of the given shape % /paint [ shape ] lfigpaintpath - /lfigpaintpath { 10 dict begin 0 newpath /prevseen false def /curveseen false def { lfiggetnextitem dup 0 eq { pop exit } { 1 eq { /curveseen true def /curve exch def curve length 0 eq { /curveseen false def } if } { /ycurr exch def /xcurr exch def prevseen { curveseen { curve length 4 eq { xprev yprev curve 0 get curve 1 get curve 2 get curve 3 get xcurr ycurr lfigsetcurve pop pop pop } { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse 7 1 roll lfigsetarc pop pop pop } ifelse } { xcurr ycurr lineto } ifelse } { xcurr ycurr moveto } ifelse /xprev xcurr def /yprev ycurr def /prevseen true def /curveseen false def } ifelse } ifelse } loop pop pop cvx exec end } def % stroke a path of the given shape in the given linestyle and dash length. % Return the origin and angle of the backward and forward arrow heads. % dashlength /linestyle [shape] lfigdopath [ ] [ ] /lfigdopath { 10 dict begin 0 /prevseen false def /curveseen false def /backarrow [] def /fwdarrow [] def { lfiggetnextitem dup 0 eq { pop exit } { 1 eq { /curveseen true def /curve exch def curve length 0 eq { /prevseen false def } if } { /ycurr exch def /xcurr exch def prevseen { newpath xprev yprev moveto curveseen { curve length 4 eq { xprev yprev curve 0 get curve 1 get curve 2 get curve 3 get xcurr ycurr lfigsetcurve } { xprev yprev xcurr ycurr curve length 1 ge { curve 0 get } { 0 } ifelse curve length 2 ge { curve 1 get } { 0 } ifelse curve length 3 ge { curve 2 get } { true } ifelse 7 1 roll lfigsetarc } ifelse } { xcurr ycurr lineto xcurr ycurr xprev yprev lfigangle dup 180 sub xprev yprev xcurr ycurr lfigdistance } ifelse 6 index 6 index cvx exec [ xprev yprev 5 -1 roll ] backarrow length 0 eq { /backarrow exch def } { pop } ifelse [ xcurr ycurr 4 -1 roll ] /fwdarrow exch def } if /xprev xcurr def /yprev ycurr def /prevseen true def /curveseen false def } ifelse } ifelse } loop pop pop pop pop backarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { backarrow } ifelse fwdarrow length 0 eq { [ 0 0 0 ] } { fwdarrow } ifelse end } def % lfigdoarrow: draw an arrow head of given form % dashlength /lstyle /pstyle hfrac height width [ ] lfigdoarrow - /lfigdoarrow { matrix currentmatrix 8 1 roll dup 0 get 1 index 1 get translate 2 get rotate [ 2 index neg 2 index 0 0 3 index 3 index neg 1 index 10 index mul 0 7 index 7 index ] 4 1 roll pop pop pop dup 3 1 roll gsave lfigpaintpath grestore lfigdopath pop pop setmatrix } def % arrow head styles /lfigopen 0.0 def /lfighalfopen 0.5 def /lfigclosed 1.0 def % stroke no arrows, forward, back, and both /lfignoarrow { pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop } def /lfigforward { 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow pop } def /lfigback { 8 -2 roll pop lfigdoarrow } def /lfigboth { 8 -1 roll 7 copy lfigdoarrow pop 7 -1 roll lfigdoarrow } def % lfigprevious: return previous point on path /lfigprevious { lfigisnumbertype { 2 copy } { lfigisarraytype { 2 index 2 index } { 0 0 } ifelse } ifelse } def % label a point in 2nd top dictionary: /name lfigpointdef - /lfigpointdef { % (Entering lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint [ 4 2 roll transform /itransform cvx ] cvx currentdict end 3 1 roll % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt % { def } % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop } % ifelse def begin % (Leaving lfigpointdef) lfigdebugprint } def % promote labels from second top to third top dictionary % lfigpromotelabels - /lfigpromotelabels { % (Entering lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint currentdict end exch currentdict end { exch 20 string cvs 2 index (@) lfigconcat exch lfigconcat cvn exch def } forall pop begin % (Leaving lfigpromotelabels) lfigdebugprint } def % show labels (except CIRCUM): - lfigshowlabels - /lfigshowlabels { % (Entering lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint currentdict end currentdict { 1 index 20 string cvs (CIRCUM) search % if CIRCUM in key { pop pop pop pop pop } { pop cvx exec 2 copy newpath 1.5 pt 0 360 arc 0 setgray fill /Times-Roman findfont 8 pt scalefont setfont moveto 0.2 cm 0.1 cm rmoveto 20 string cvs show } ifelse } forall begin % (Leaving lfigshowlabels) lfigdebugprint } def % fix an angle to 0 <= res < 360: lfigfixangle /lfigfixangle { % (Entering lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint { dup 0 ge { exit } if 360 add } loop { dup 360 lt { exit } if 360 sub } loop % (Leaving lfigfixangle) lfigdebugprint } def % find point on circumference of box: alpha a b lfigboxcircum x y /lfigboxcircum { % (Entering lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint 4 dict begin /b exch def /a exch def lfigfixangle /alpha exch def 0 0 a b lfigangle /theta exch def % if alpha <= theta, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) alpha theta le { a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div } { % else if alpha <= 180 - theta, return (b*cot(alpha), b) alpha 180 theta sub le { b alpha cos mul alpha sin div b } { % else if alpha <= 180 + theta, return (-a, -a*tan(alpha)) alpha 180 theta add le { a neg a neg alpha sin mul alpha cos div } { % else if alpha <= 360 - theta, return (-b*cot(alpha), -b) alpha 360 theta sub le { b neg alpha cos mul alpha sin div b neg } { % else 360 - theta <= alpha, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse end % (Leaving lfigboxcircum) lfigdebugprint } def % find quadratic roots (assume a != 0): a b c lfigqroots x1 x2 2 % or x2 1 % or 0 /lfigqroots { 4 dict begin /c exch def /b exch def /a exch def /disc b b mul 4 a c mul mul sub def disc 0 lt { 0 } { disc 0 eq { b neg 2 a mul div 1 } { b neg disc sqrt add 2 a mul div b neg disc sqrt sub 2 a mul div 2 } ifelse } ifelse end } def % work our which quadrant: lfigquadrant <0-3> /lfigquadrant { dup 90 lt { pop 0 } { dup 180 lt { pop 1 } { 270 lt { 2 } { 3 } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } def % find curvebox circum, assuming upper right quadrant: alpha a b xmk lfigcb x y /lfigcb { 6 dict begin /xmk exch def /b exch def /a exch def /alpha exch def /theta1 0 0 a b xmk sub lfigangle def /theta2 0 0 a xmk sub b lfigangle def alpha theta1 le { % if alpha <= theta1, return (a, a*tan(alpha)) a a alpha sin mul alpha cos div } { alpha theta2 ge { % else if alpha > theta2, return (b*cot(alpha), b) b alpha cos mul alpha sin div b } { % else, return the intersection of line and circle a xmk sub b xmk sub xmk 0 0 alpha lfigcircleintersect dup 0 eq { % should never happen, just return any reasonable point pop a b 0.5 lfigpmul } { 1 eq { % should never happen, just return the point on top of stack } { % the usual case, two points on stack, return the larger lfigpmax } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse end } def % find point on circumference of curvebox: alpha a b xmk lfigcurveboxcircum x y /lfigcurveboxcircum { % (Entering lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint 5 dict begin /xmk exch def /b exch def /a exch def lfigfixangle /alpha exch def % work out which quadrant we are in, and reflect accordingly /quad alpha lfigquadrant def quad 0 eq { alpha a b xmk lfigcb } { quad 1 eq { 180 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb exch neg exch } { quad 2 eq { alpha 180 sub a b xmk lfigcb neg exch neg exch } { 360 alpha sub a b xmk lfigcb neg } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse end % (Leaving lfigcurveboxcircum) lfigdebugprint } def % find point on circumference of diamond: alpha a b lfigdiamondcircum x y /lfigdiamondcircum { % (Entering lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint 4 dict begin /b exch def /a exch def lfigfixangle /alpha exch def b alpha cos abs mul a alpha sin abs mul add /denom exch def a b mul alpha cos mul denom div a b mul alpha sin mul denom div end % (Leaving lfigdiamondcircum) lfigdebugprint } def % find point on circumference of ellipse: alpha a b lfigellipsecircum x y /lfigellipsecircum { % (Entering lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint 4 dict begin /b exch def /a exch def lfigfixangle /alpha exch def b alpha cos mul dup mul a alpha sin mul dup mul add sqrt /denom exch def a b mul alpha cos mul denom div a b mul alpha sin mul denom div end % (Leaving lfigellipsecircum) lfigdebugprint } def % find point of intersection of two lines each defined by two points % x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 lfiglineintersect x y /lfiglineintersect { % (Entering lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint 13 dict begin /y4 exch def /x4 exch def /y3 exch def /x3 exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def x2 x1 sub /x21 exch def x4 x3 sub /x43 exch def y2 y1 sub /y21 exch def y4 y3 sub /y43 exch def y21 x43 mul y43 x21 mul sub /det exch def % calculate x y21 x43 mul x1 mul y43 x21 mul x3 mul sub y3 y1 sub x21 mul x43 mul add det div % calculate y x21 y43 mul y1 mul x43 y21 mul y3 mul sub x3 x1 sub y21 mul y43 mul add det neg div end % (Leaving lfiglineintersect) lfigdebugprint } def % find point on circumference of polygon % alpha radius num theta lfigpolycircum x y /lfigpolycircum { % (Entering lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint 13 dict begin /theta exch def /num exch def /radius exch def /alpha exch def % calculate delta, the angle from theta to alpha alpha theta sub lfigfixangle % calculate the angle which is the multiple of 360/num closest to delta 360 num div div truncate 360 num div mul theta add /anglea exch def % calculate the next multiple of 360/num after anglea anglea 360 num div add /angleb exch def % intersect the line through these two points with the alpha line anglea cos anglea sin angleb cos angleb sin 0 0 alpha cos 2 mul alpha sin 2 mul lfiglineintersect radius lfigpmul end % (Leaving lfigpolycircum) lfigdebugprint } def % find point of intersection of a point and a circle % x0 y0 r x1 y1 theta lfigcircleintersect xa ya xb yb 2 % or xb yb 1 % or 0 /lfigcircleintersect { % (Entering lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint 15 dict begin /theta exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /r exch def /y0 exch def /x0 exch def % if sin(theta) = 0 then line is horizontal and y must be y1 theta sin abs 0.00001 lt { /a 1 def /b -2 x0 mul def /c x0 dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def a b c lfigqroots dup 0 eq { pop 0 } { 1 eq { y1 1 } { y1 exch y1 2 } ifelse } ifelse } { /ct theta cos theta sin div def /a ct ct mul 1 add def /b ct x1 x0 sub mul y1 add y0 sub 2 mul def /c x1 x0 sub dup mul y1 y0 sub dup mul add r dup mul sub def a b c lfigqroots dup 0 eq { pop 0 } { 1 eq { y1 add /yb exch def yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def xb yb 1 } { y1 add /ya exch def ya y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xa exch def y1 add /yb exch def yb y1 sub ct mul x1 add /xb exch def xa ya xb yb 2 } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse end % (Leaving lfigcircleintersect) lfigdebugprint } def % add CIRCUM operator with this body: lfigcircumdef - /lfigcircumdef { % (Entering lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint /CIRCUM exch cvx currentdict end 3 1 roll % currentdict length currentdict maxlength lt % { def } % { exec moveto (too many labels) show stop } % ifelse def begin % (Leaving lfigcircumdef) lfigdebugprint } def end %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset LoutBasicSetup % @PrependGraphic file /home/jeff/lout.lib/include/bsf.lpg %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % PostScript @SysPrependGraphic file for @BasicSetup % % % % This file has been placed in the public domain by its author, % % Jeffrey H. Kingston % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % width height linethickness louteuro - % draw a Euro symbol of this width and height with this line thickness /louteuro { 20 dict begin /eurothick exch def /euroheight exch def /eurowidth exch def /eurostrokewidth euroheight 0.8 mul def /eurostep eurothick 60 cos mul 60 sin div def /eurotheta 40 def % llx lly width thickness louteurobox - % draw angled box starting at (llx, lly) with given width and thickness /louteurobox { /euroboxthick exch def /euroboxwidth exch def newpath moveto euroboxwidth 0 rlineto eurostep euroboxthick rlineto euroboxwidth neg 0 rlineto closepath fill } def % lower cross stroke 0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 1.5 mul sub eurostrokewidth eurothick louteurobox % upper cross stroke 0 euroheight 2 div eurothick 0.5 mul add eurostrokewidth eurostep 2 mul add eurothick louteurobox % circular part /eurohctr eurowidth euroheight 2 div eurotheta cos mul sub def /eurovctr euroheight 2 div def newpath eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurotheta 350 eurotheta sub arc eurohctr eurovctr eurovctr eurothick sub 365 eurotheta sub eurotheta arcn closepath fill end } def % path for @FullWidthRule symbol /LoutRule { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto } def % path for @Box symbol /LoutBox { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath } def % path for @CurveBox symbol /LoutCurveBox { xmark 0 moveto xsize xmark sub xmark xmark 270 360 arc xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub xmark 0 90 arc xmark ysize xmark sub xmark 90 180 arc xmark xmark xmark 180 270 arc closepath } def % path for @ShadowBox symbol /LoutShadowBox { xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto xsize xmark sub xmark lineto xmark 2 mul xmark lineto closepath } def % set up dictionary containing margin note data: parity LoutMargSet - /LoutMargSet { /LoutMargDict 12 dict def LoutMargDict begin /parity exch def /matr matrix currentmatrix def /rightx xsize def /lefty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next left note /righty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next right note /max { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def /min { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def end } def %translate coordinate system for marginal notes: type LoutMargShift - % where type 0 is left margin, 1 is right margin, 2 is outer, 3 is inner /LoutMargShift { LoutMargDict begin % y coordinate of top of note, in margin coords, before vertical adjust 0 ysize transform matr itransform exch pop % decide whether left or right margin based on type and parity exch [ 0 1 parity 1 parity sub ] exch get 0 eq { % left margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note lefty min % bottom of note is new lefty position and also translate position ysize sub dup /lefty exch def % want right edge of note at coordinate zero xsize neg exch } { % right margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note righty min % bottom of note is new righty position and also translate position ysize sub dup /righty exch def % want left edge of note at coordinate rightx rightx exch } ifelse % stack now contains coord of bottom left corner in margin coordinates matr setmatrix translate end } def % create LoutPageDict with left, right, foot, top for @Place symbol users /LoutPageSet { /LoutPageDict 5 dict def LoutPageDict begin /matr matrix currentmatrix def /left 0 def /right xsize def /foot 0 def /top ysize def end } def %%EndResource %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%BeginResource: encoding vec2 /vec2 [ /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /ellipsis /OE /oe /quotedblleft /quotedblright /fi /fl /endash /emdash /bullet /dagger /daggerdbl /florin /fraction /dotlessi /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent /dieresis /.notdef /ring /cedilla /.notdef /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron /space /exclamdown /cent /sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis ] def %%EndResource /pdfmark where {pop} {userdict /pdfmark /cleartomark load put} ifelse %%EndSetup %%Page: i 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol %%+ font Helvetica-Oblique /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica-Oblique /Helvetica-Obliquefnt3 vec2 /Helvetica-Oblique LoutRecode /fnt3 { /Helvetica-Obliquefnt3 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -15423 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 600 fnt2 1355 12125(An)m 2215(Exper)s -24(t')k 30(s)k 4518(Guide)s 6258(to)s 6902(the)s 3956 10685(Lout)m 616 9245(Document)m 3500(F)s 18(or)k -15(matting)k 6490(System)s 240 fnt2 3544 6059(Jeffre)m 4(y)k 4321(H.)s 4606(Kingston)s 3902 4395(V)m 19(ersion)k 4745(3.41)s 3958 4107(J)m 4(une)k 3(,)k 4582(2023)s 240 fnt4 0 342(\343)m 240 fnt3 241 340(Cop)m 7(yr)k -3(ight)k 1345(1991,)s 1991(2023,)s 2638(Jeffre)s 4(y)k 3438(H.)s 3726(Kingston,)s 4771(School)s 5587(of)s 5882(Inf)s 7(or)k -6(mation)k 7143(T)s 28(echnologies)k 3(,)k 8649(The)s 0 52(Univ)m 6(ersity)k 1134(of)s 1432(Sydne)s 4(y)k 2317(2006,)s 2966(A)s 7(ustr)k 2(alia.)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: ii 2 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -15423 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12955(Pr)m 8(eface)k [ /Dest /LOUTpreface /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 540 12095(This)m 1016(manual)s 1775(is)s 1984(addressed)s 2985(to)s 3224(those)s 3784(who)s 4250(wish)s 4759(to)s 4997(become)s 5797(e)s 3(xpert)k 6451(users)s 6992(of)s 7263(the)s 7611(Lout)s 8122(document)s 0 11807(formatting)m 1092(system.)s 1952(An)s 2334(e)s 3(xpert)k 3020(user)s 3510(is)s 3752(someone)s 4690(who)s 5188(understands)s 6414(the)s 6794(principles)s 7819(of)s 8122(document)s 0 11519(formatting)m 1083(that)s 1524(Lout)s 2059(embodies,)s 3105(and)s 3532(is)s 3765(able)s 4242(to)s 4503(apply)s 5112(them,)s 5720(for)s 6081(e)s 3(xample)k 6966(to)s 7228(design)s 7933(a)s 8122(document)s 0 11231(format)m 690(or)s 943(a)s 1103(special-purpose)s 2653(package.)s 3595(In)s 3845(contrast,)s 4701(a)s 4861(non-e)s 3(xpert)k 5948(user)s 6400(is)s 6604(someone)s 7505(who)s 7965(simply)s 8663(uses)s 0 10943(Lout)m 512(to)s 751(format)s 1447(documents.)s 480 10569(Chapter)m 1295(1)s 1447(e)s 3(xplains)k 2290(these)s 2834(principles,)s 3881(and)s 4282(it)s 4472(should)s 5166(be)s 5446(read)s 5912(carefully)s 6812(and)s 7213(in)s 7454(sequence.)s 8492(Chap-)s 0 10281(ters)m 412(2)s 604(and)s 1025(3)s 1207(are)s 1571(for)s 1927(reference;)s 2943(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(,)k 4198(the)s 3(y)k 4678(contain)s 5457(descriptions)s 6680(of)s 6969(the)s 7334(detailed)s 8166(operation)s 0 9993(of)m 277(Lout')s 13(s)k 945(major)s 1568(components,)s 2838(and)s 3248(a)s 3420(complete)s 4359(description)s 5484(of)s 5761(each)s 6262(prede\207ned)s 7336(symbol.)s 8211(The)s 8646(\207nal)s 0 9705(chapter)m 763(presents)s 1597(a)s 1763(collection)s 2762(of)s 3033(adv)s 6(anced)k 3989(e)s 3(xamples.)k 480 9331(This)m 946(manual)s 1695(presents)s 2518(V)s 26(ersion)k 3296(3)s 3449(of)s 3710(Basser)s 4396(Lout,)s 4945(publicly)s 5773(released)s 6602(in)s 6835(September)s 7906(1994)s 8430([)s [ /Rect [8501 9331 8615 9493] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_program /ANN pdfmark 8501(4)s 8615(])s 8722(and)s 0 9043(de)m 6(v)k 3(eloped)k 1041(continuously)s 2341(since)s 2897(then.)s 3482(This)s 3966(manual)s 4734(w)s 2(as)k 5164(rendered)s 6067(into)s 6500(PostScript)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_preface_1 /DEST pdfmark 7551(by)s 7854(V)s 26(ersion)k 8651(3.40)s 0 8755(of)m 271(the)s 619(Basser)s 1316(Lout)s 1828(interpreter)s 9(,)k 2919(using)s 3491(the)s 3839(symbols)s 4688(described)s 5662(in)s 5905(the)s 6253(User')s 13(s)k 6914(Guide)s 7555([)s [ /Rect [7626 8752 7732 8920] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 7626(5)s 7732(].)s 240 fnt5 0 8250(Ackno)m 2(wledgment.)k 240 fnt1 1986 8251(V)m 26(ersion)k 2811(3)s 3012(has)s 3419(bene\207ted)s 4391(from)s 4953(hundreds)s 5919(of)s 6227(comments)s 7298(recei)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 8193(since)s 8778(the)s 0 7963(release)m 726(of)s 1006(V)s 26(ersion)k 1803(1)s 1967(in)s 2219(October)s 3057(1991.)s 3710(Not)s 4138(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 4723(suggestion)s 5813(could)s 6411(be)s 6702(follo)s 6(wed,)k 7662(b)s 4(ut)k 8033(man)s 3(y)k 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 7675(been,)m 559(and)s 963(the)s 1311(encouragement)s 2832(w)s 2(as)k 3253(greatly)s 3970(appreciated.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: iii 3 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -15423 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12955(Contents)m [ /Dest /LOUT20_462_all_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Rect [0 11893 8346 12147] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTpreface /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 11982(Pr)m 4(eface)k 240 fnt1 1018 11983(..)m 1362(..)s 1706(..)s 2050(..)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8940 11983 9066 12146] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTpreface /ANN pdfmark 8940(ii)s [ /Rect [0 11265 8346 11519] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTprinciples /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 11354(Chapter)m 908(1)s 240 fnt1 1015 11355(.)m 240 fnt5 1179 11354(Principles)m 240 fnt1 2738 11355(..)m 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8971 11355 9066 11517] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTprinciples /ANN pdfmark 8971(1)s [ /Rect [720 10920 8346 11173] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTobjects /ANN pdfmark 720 11010(1.1.)m 1184(Objects)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8971 11010 9066 11172] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTobjects /ANN pdfmark 8971(1)s [ /Rect [720 10575 8346 10828] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTdefinitions /ANN pdfmark 720 10665(1.2.)m 1184(De\207nitions)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8952 10665 9066 10827] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTdefinitions /ANN pdfmark 8952(4)s [ /Rect [720 10230 8346 10483] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcross /ANN pdfmark 720 10320(1.3.)m 1184(Cross)s 1780(references)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8959 10317 9066 10482] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcross /ANN pdfmark 8959(8)s [ /Rect [720 9885 8346 10138] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTgalleys /ANN pdfmark 720 9975(1.4.)m 1184(Galle)s 3(ys)k 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8955 9970 9066 10137] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTgalleys /ANN pdfmark 8955(9)s [ /Rect [0 9257 8346 9511] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTdetails /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 9346(Chapter)m 908(2)s 240 fnt1 1023 9347(.)m 240 fnt5 1187 9346(Details)m 240 fnt1 2394 9347(..)m 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 9347 9066 9509] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTdetails /ANN pdfmark 8832(14)s [ /Rect [720 8912 8346 9165] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTlexical /ANN pdfmark 720 9002(2.1.)m 1184(Le)s 3(xical)k 1952(structure)s 2843(\(w)s 2(ords,)k 3612(spaces,)s 4343(symbols\))s 5269(and)s 5673(macros)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 9002 9066 9164] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTlexical /ANN pdfmark 8832(14)s [ /Rect [720 8567 8346 8821] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTnamed /ANN pdfmark 720 8657(2.2.)m 1184(Named)s 1933(parameters)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8833 8654 9066 8821] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTnamed /ANN pdfmark 8833(16)s [ /Rect [720 8222 8346 8475] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTvisibility /ANN pdfmark 720 8312(2.3.)m 1184(Nested)s 1906(de\207nitions,)s 3023(body)s 3557(parameters,)s 4711(e)s 3(xtend,)k 5453(import,)s 6197(and)s 6601(e)s 3(xport)k 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8839 8309 9066 8474] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTvisibility /ANN pdfmark 8839(18)s [ /Rect [720 7877 8346 8130] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTfilters /ANN pdfmark 720 7967(2.4.)m 1184(Filtered)s 1984(right)s 2495(and)s 2899(body)s 3433(parameters)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 7967 9066 8129] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTfilters /ANN pdfmark 8851(21)s [ /Rect [720 7532 8346 7787] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTprecedence /ANN pdfmark 720 7622(2.5.)m 1184(Precedence)s 2328(and)s 2732(associati)s 6(vity)k 3974(of)s 4245(symbols)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8842 7619 9066 7784] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTprecedence /ANN pdfmark 8842(23)s [ /Rect [720 7187 8346 7441] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTsize /ANN pdfmark 720 7277(2.6.)m 1184(The)s 1612(style)s 2119(and)s 2523(size)s 2950(of)s 3221(objects)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 7277 9066 7439] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTsize /ANN pdfmark 8832(24)s [ /Rect [720 6842 8346 7095] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtargets /ANN pdfmark 720 6932(2.7.)m 1184(Galle)s 3(ys)k 1962(and)s 2366(tar)s 4(gets)k 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 6931 9066 7094] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtargets /ANN pdfmark 8838(27)s [ /Rect [720 6497 8346 6750] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTsorted /ANN pdfmark 720 6587(2.8.)m 1184(Sorted)s 1866(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8842 6584 9066 6749] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTsorted /ANN pdfmark 8842(33)s [ /Rect [720 6152 8346 6407] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThorizontal /ANN pdfmark 720 6242(2.9.)m 1184(Horizontal)s 2261(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 6239 9066 6407] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThorizontal /ANN pdfmark 8840(35)s [ /Rect [720 5807 8346 6061] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUToptimal /ANN pdfmark 720 5897(2.10.)m 1304(Optimal)s 2142(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2776(breaking)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8833 5894 9066 6061] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUToptimal /ANN pdfmark 8833(36)s [ /Rect [0 5179 8346 5433] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTsymbols /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 5268(Chapter)m 908(3)s 240 fnt1 1021 5269(.)m 240 fnt5 1185 5268(Pr)m 4(ede\207ned)k 2338(symbols)s 240 fnt1 3426 5269(..)m 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 5266 9066 5431] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTsymbols /ANN pdfmark 8838(37)s [ /Rect [720 4834 8346 5087] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbegin /ANN pdfmark 720 4924(3.1.)m 1184(@Be)s 3(gin)k 2031(and)s 2435(@End)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 4921 9066 5086] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbegin /ANN pdfmark 8838(37)s [ /Rect [720 4489 8346 4742] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTconcatenation /ANN pdfmark 720 4579(3.2.)m 1184(Concatenation)s 2623(symbols)s 3472(and)s 3876(paragraphs)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 4576 9066 4741] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTconcatenation /ANN pdfmark 8838(37)s [ /Rect [720 4144 8346 4397] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTfont /ANN pdfmark 720 4234(3.3.)m 1184(@F)s 3(ont,)k 1948(@Char)s 9(,)k 2732(and)s 3136(@F)s 3(ontDef)k 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 4234 9066 4396] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTfont /ANN pdfmark 8851(41)s [ /Rect [720 3799 8346 4052] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbreak /ANN pdfmark 720 3889(3.4.)m 1184(@Break)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 3889 9066 4051] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbreak /ANN pdfmark 8832(44)s [ /Rect [720 3454 8346 3709] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTspace /ANN pdfmark 720 3544(3.5.)m 1184(@Space)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8833 3541 9066 3708] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTspace /ANN pdfmark 8833(46)s [ /Rect [720 3109 8346 3363] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTyunit /ANN pdfmark 720 3199(3.6.)m 1184(@YUnit,)s 2110(@ZUnit,)s 3009(@CurrYUnit,)s 4373(and)s 4777(@CurrZUnit)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 3198 9066 3361] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTyunit /ANN pdfmark 8838(47)s [ /Rect [720 2764 8346 3017] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcont /ANN pdfmark 720 2854(3.7.)m 1184(@SetConte)s 3(xt)k 2525(and)s 2929(@GetConte)s 3(xt)k 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 2853 9066 3016] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcont /ANN pdfmark 8838(47)s [ /Rect [720 2419 8346 2672] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcolour /ANN pdfmark 720 2509(3.8.)m 1184(@SetColour)s 2435(and)s 2839(@SetColor)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8839 2506 9066 2671] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcolour /ANN pdfmark 8839(48)s [ /Rect [720 2074 8346 2327] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTunderline_colour /ANN pdfmark 720 2164(3.9.)m 1184(@SetUnderlineColour)s 3391(and)s 3795(@SetUnderlineColor)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8835 2159 9066 2326] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTunderline_colour /ANN pdfmark 8835(49)s [ /Rect [720 1729 8346 1984] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtexture /ANN pdfmark 720 1819(3.10.)m 1304(@SetT)s 16(e)k 3(xture)k 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8831 1816 9066 1984] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtexture /ANN pdfmark 8831(50)s [ /Rect [720 1384 8346 1639] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUToutline /ANN pdfmark 720 1474(3.11.)m 1304(@Outline)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 1471 9066 1639] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUToutline /ANN pdfmark 8851(51)s [ /Rect [720 1039 8346 1294] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTlanguage /ANN pdfmark 720 1129(3.12.)m 1304(@Language)s 2525(and)s 2929(@CurrLang)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 1126 9066 1294] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTlanguage /ANN pdfmark 8851(51)s [ /Rect [720 694 8346 949] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTonerow /ANN pdfmark 720 784(3.13.)m 1304(@OneCol)s 2325(and)s 2729(@OneRo)s 6(w)k 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 781 9066 949] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTonerow /ANN pdfmark 8832(52)s [ /Rect [720 349 8346 604] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTwide /ANN pdfmark 720 439(3.14.)m 1304(@W)s 9(ide)k 2090(and)s 2494(@High)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8842 436 9066 604] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTwide /ANN pdfmark 8842(53)s [ /Rect [720 4 8346 259] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThshift /ANN pdfmark 720 94(3.15.)m 1304(@HShift)s 2222(and)s 2626(@VShift)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8842 91 9066 259] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThshift /ANN pdfmark 8842(53)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: iv 4 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -14832 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13415 0 13415 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore [ /Rect [720 13127 8346 13382] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThexpand /ANN pdfmark 720 13217(3.16.)m 1304(@HExpand)s 2488(and)s 2892(@VExpand)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 13214 9066 13382] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThexpand /ANN pdfmark 8832(54)s [ /Rect [720 12782 8346 13037] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThcontract /ANN pdfmark 720 12872(3.17.)m 1304(@HContract)s 2581(and)s 2985(@VContract)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 12869 9066 13037] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThcontract /ANN pdfmark 8832(54)s [ /Rect [720 12437 8346 12692] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThlimited /ANN pdfmark 720 12527(3.18.)m 1304(@HLimited)s 2512(and)s 2916(@VLimited)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 12524 9066 12692] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThlimited /ANN pdfmark 8832(54)s [ /Rect [720 12092 8346 12347] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThadjust /ANN pdfmark 720 12182(3.19.)m 1304(@HAdjust,)s 2443(@V)s 32(Adjust,)k 3550(and)s 3954(@P)s 22(Adjust)k 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 12179 9066 12347] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThadjust /ANN pdfmark 8840(55)s [ /Rect [720 11747 8346 12002] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThscale /ANN pdfmark 720 11837(3.20.)m 1304(@HScale)s 2271(and)s 2675(@VScale)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 11834 9066 12002] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThscale /ANN pdfmark 8840(55)s [ /Rect [720 11402 8346 11657] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThmirror /ANN pdfmark 720 11492(3.21.)m 1304(@HMirror)s 2394(and)s 2798(@VMirror)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 11489 9066 11657] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThmirror /ANN pdfmark 8840(55)s [ /Rect [720 11057 8346 11312] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThcover /ANN pdfmark 720 11147(3.22.)m 1304(@HCo)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 2337(and)s 2741(@VCo)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8833 11144 9066 11312] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThcover /ANN pdfmark 8833(56)s [ /Rect [720 10712 8346 10967] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThspan /ANN pdfmark 720 10802(3.23.)m 1304(@StartHSpan,@StartVSpan,)s 4117(@StartHVSpan,)s 5720(@HSpan,)s 6700(and)s 7104(@VSpan)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 10799 9066 10967] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUThspan /ANN pdfmark 8838(57)s [ /Rect [720 10367 8346 10622] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTscale /ANN pdfmark 720 10457(3.24.)m 1304(@Scale)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8839 10454 9066 10622] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTscale /ANN pdfmark 8839(58)s [ /Rect [720 10022 8346 10277] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTrotate /ANN pdfmark 720 10112(3.25.)m 1304(@Rotate)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8839 10109 9066 10277] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTrotate /ANN pdfmark 8839(58)s [ /Rect [720 9677 8346 9932] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbackground /ANN pdfmark 720 9767(3.26.)m 1304(@Background)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8835 9762 9066 9932] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbackground /ANN pdfmark 8835(59)s [ /Rect [720 9332 8346 9587] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkernshrink /ANN pdfmark 720 9422(3.27.)m 1304(@K)s 6(ernShrink)k 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8835 9417 9066 9587] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkernshrink /ANN pdfmark 8835(59)s [ /Rect [720 8987 8346 9241] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTrump /ANN pdfmark 720 9077(3.28.)m 1304(@Common,)s 2524(@Rump,)s 3438(and)s 3842(@Meld)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8831 9074 9066 9241] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTrump /ANN pdfmark 8831(60)s [ /Rect [720 8642 8346 8896] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTinsert /ANN pdfmark 720 8732(3.29.)m 1304(@Insert)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 8729 9066 8896] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTinsert /ANN pdfmark 8851(61)s [ /Rect [720 8297 8346 8551] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUToneof /ANN pdfmark 720 8387(3.30.)m 1304(@OneOf)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 8384 9066 8551] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUToneof /ANN pdfmark 8832(62)s [ /Rect [720 7952 8346 8206] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTnext /ANN pdfmark 720 8042(3.31.)m 1304(@Ne)s 3(xt)k 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8842 8039 9066 8206] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTnext /ANN pdfmark 8842(63)s [ /Rect [720 7607 8346 7861] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcase /ANN pdfmark 720 7697(3.32.)m 1304(@Case)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8842 7694 9066 7861] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcase /ANN pdfmark 8842(63)s [ /Rect [720 7262 8346 7516] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTmoment /ANN pdfmark 720 7352(3.33.)m 1304(@Moment)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 7349 9066 7516] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTmoment /ANN pdfmark 8832(64)s [ /Rect [720 6917 8346 7172] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTnull /ANN pdfmark 720 7007(3.34.)m 1304(@Null)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 7004 9066 7172] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTnull /ANN pdfmark 8840(65)s [ /Rect [720 6572 8346 6827] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTgalley /ANN pdfmark 720 6662(3.35.)m 1304(@Galle)s 3(y)k 2213(and)s 2617(@F)s 3(orceGalle)k 3(y)k 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 6659 9066 6827] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTgalley /ANN pdfmark 8840(65)s [ /Rect [720 5939 8346 6481] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTheader_comp /ANN pdfmark 720 6317(3.36.)m 1304(@Be)s 3(ginHeaderComponent,)k 4041(@EndHeaderComponent,)s 6596(@SetHeaderCom-)s 1304 6029(ponent,)m 2063(and)s 2467(@ClearHeaderComponent)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 6026 9066 6194] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTheader_comp /ANN pdfmark 8840(65)s [ /Rect [720 5594 8346 5848] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTnotrevealed /ANN pdfmark 720 5684(3.37.)m 1304(@NotRe)s 6(v)k 3(ealed)k 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 5681 9066 5848] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTnotrevealed /ANN pdfmark 8838(67)s [ /Rect [720 5249 8346 5503] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcrossref /ANN pdfmark 720 5339(3.38.)m 1304(The)s 1732(cross)s 2274(reference)s 3217(symbols)s 4066(&&)s 4492(and)s 4896(&&&)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8839 5336 9066 5503] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTcrossref /ANN pdfmark 8839(68)s [ /Rect [720 4904 8346 5158] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtagged /ANN pdfmark 720 4994(3.39.)m 1304(@T)s 19(agged)k 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8839 4991 9066 5158] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtagged /ANN pdfmark 8839(68)s [ /Rect [720 4559 8346 4813] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTopen /ANN pdfmark 720 4649(3.40.)m 1304(@Open and @Use)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8835 4644 9066 4813] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTopen /ANN pdfmark 8835(69)s [ /Rect [720 4214 8346 4468] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTlink_source /ANN pdfmark 720 4304(3.41.)m 1304(@LinkSource,)s 2748(@LinkDest,)s 3966(and)s 4370(@URLLink)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8835 4299 9066 4468] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTlink_source /ANN pdfmark 8835(69)s [ /Rect [720 3869 8346 4122] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTdatabase /ANN pdfmark 720 3959(3.42.)m 1304(@Database and @SysDatabase)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 3958 9066 4121] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTdatabase /ANN pdfmark 8851(71)s [ /Rect [720 3524 8346 3777] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTgraphic /ANN pdfmark 720 3614(3.43.)m 1304(@Graphic)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 3613 9066 3776] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTgraphic /ANN pdfmark 8851(71)s [ /Rect [720 3179 8346 3434] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTplaingraphic /ANN pdfmark 720 3269(3.44.)m 1304(@PlainGraphic)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 3266 9066 3434] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTplaingraphic /ANN pdfmark 8840(75)s [ /Rect [720 2834 8346 3089] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTincludegraphic /ANN pdfmark 720 2924(3.45.)m 1304(@IncludeGraphic)s 3065(and)s 3469(@SysIncludeGraphic)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8840 2921 9066 3089] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTincludegraphic /ANN pdfmark 8840(75)s [ /Rect [720 2489 8346 2743] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTincludegraphicrepeated /ANN pdfmark 720 2579(3.46.)m 1304(@IncludeGraphicRepeated)s 3960(and)s 4364(@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8833 2576 9066 2743] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTincludegraphicrepeated /ANN pdfmark 8833(76)s [ /Rect [720 2144 8346 2398] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTprependgraphic /ANN pdfmark 720 2234(3.47.)m 1304(@PrependGraphic and @SysPrependGraphic)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8833 2231 9066 2398] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTprependgraphic /ANN pdfmark 8833(76)s [ /Rect [720 1799 8346 2052] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTinclude /ANN pdfmark 720 1889(3.48.)m 1304(@Include and @SysInclude)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 1888 9066 2047] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTinclude /ANN pdfmark 8838(77)s [ /Rect [720 1454 8346 1707] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbackend /ANN pdfmark 720 1544(3.49.)m 1304(@BackEnd)s 2461(and)s 2865(the)s 3213(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k 4183(and)s 4587(PDF)s 5084(back)s 5597(ends)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 1543 9066 1702] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbackend /ANN pdfmark 8838(77)s [ /Rect [720 1109 8346 1364] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTverbatim /ANN pdfmark 720 1199(3.50.)m 1304(@V)s 26(erbatim and @Ra)k 3(wV)k 26(erbatim)k 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8839 1196 9066 1361] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTverbatim /ANN pdfmark 8839(78)s [ /Rect [720 764 8346 1019] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTunderline /ANN pdfmark 720 854(3.51.)m 1304(@Underline)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8835 849 9066 1016] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTunderline /ANN pdfmark 8835(79)s [ /Rect [720 419 8346 674] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTpagelabel /ANN pdfmark 720 509(3.52.)m 1304(@P)s 3(ageLabel)k 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8835 504 9066 671] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTpagelabel /ANN pdfmark 8835(79)s grestore gsave 1417 -14832 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -15420(i)m 6(v)k grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: v 5 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -14887 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13470 0 13470 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore [ /Rect [0 13216 8346 13470] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTexamples /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 13305(Chapter)m 908(4)s 240 fnt1 1022 13306(.)m 240 fnt5 1186 13305(Examples)m 240 fnt1 2738 13306(..)m 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 13303 9066 13468] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTexamples /ANN pdfmark 8851(81)s [ /Rect [720 12871 8346 13124] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTeq /ANN pdfmark 720 12961(4.1.)m 1184(An)s 1534(equation)s 2415(formatting)s 3476(package)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8851 12958 9066 13123] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTeq /ANN pdfmark 8851(81)s [ /Rect [720 12526 8346 12779] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTparas /ANN pdfmark 720 12616(4.2.)m 1184(P)s 3(aragraphs,)k 2350(displays,)s 3241(and)s 3645(lists)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8842 12613 9066 12778] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTparas /ANN pdfmark 8842(83)s [ /Rect [720 12181 8346 12434] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTpagelayout /ANN pdfmark 720 12271(4.3.)m 1184(P)s 3(age)k 1702(layout)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 12268 9066 12433] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTpagelayout /ANN pdfmark 8838(87)s [ /Rect [720 11836 8346 12089] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTchapters /ANN pdfmark 720 11926(4.4.)m 1184(Chapters)s 2085(and)s 2489(sections)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8832 11921 9066 12088] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTchapters /ANN pdfmark 8832(92)s [ /Rect [720 11491 8346 11746] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbiblio /ANN pdfmark 720 11581(4.5.)m 1184(Bibliographies)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8838 11576 9066 11743] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTbiblio /ANN pdfmark 8838(97)s [ /Rect [720 11146 8346 11400] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTexa_inde /ANN pdfmark 720 11236(4.6.)m 1184(Mer)s 4(ged)k 1982(inde)s 3(x)k 2566(entries)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8731 11233 9066 11398] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTexa_inde /ANN pdfmark 8731(101)s [ /Rect [0 10517 8346 10772] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtex /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 10606(A)m 6(ppendix)k 1048(A)s 240 fnt1 1214 10607(.)m 240 fnt5 1378 10606(Implementation)m 3066(of)s 3338(T)s 22(extur)k 4(es)k 240 fnt1 4458 10607(..)m 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8720 10604 9066 10772] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTtex /ANN pdfmark 8720(105)s [ /Rect [0 9889 8346 10143] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_547_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 9978(Refer)m 4(ences)k 240 fnt1 1362 9979(..)m 1706(..)s 2050(..)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8711 9976 9066 10141] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_547_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 8711(110)s [ /Rect [0 9263 8346 9515] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_604_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 9352(Index)m 240 fnt1 1018 9353(..)m 1362(..)s 1706(..)s 2050(..)s 2394(..)s 2738(..)s 3082(..)s 3426(..)s 3770(..)s 4114(..)s 4458(..)s 4802(..)s 5146(..)s 5490(..)s 5834(..)s 6178(..)s 6522(..)s 6866(..)s 7210(..)s 7554(..)s 7898(..)s 8242(..)s [ /Rect [8731 9353 9066 9515] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT20_604_all_1 /ANN pdfmark 8731(111)s grestore gsave 1417 -14887 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 10368 -15420(v)m grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: vi 6 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -15423 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 1 7 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -1417 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore gsave 1417 -14867 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13450 0 13450 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12399(Chapter)m 1819(1.)s 2400(Principles)s [ /Dest /LOUTprinciples /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 11448(The)m 414(Lout)s 911(document)s 1900(formatting)s 2946(language)s 3852(is)s 4047(based)s 4635(on)s 4917(just)s 5307(four)s 5751(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 6131(ideas:)s 6713(objects,)s 7482(de\207nitions,)s 8584(cross)s 0 11160(references,)m 1087(and)s 1491(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 2328(This)s 2804(chapter)s 3567(concentrates)s 4812(on)s 5109(them,)s 5694(postponing)s 6812(the)s 7160(ine)s 6(vitable)k 8152(details.)s 240 fnt5 0 10367(1.1.)m 471(Objects)s [ /Dest /LOUTobjects /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 9891(Since)m 1075(our)s 1462(aim)s 1888(is)s 2106(to)s 2354(produce)s 3189(neatly)s 3835(formatted)s 4829(documents,)s 5981(we)s 6325(should)s 7030(be)s 3(gin)k 7624(by)s 7926(looking)s 8719(at)s 8960(a)s 0 9603(typical)m 705(e)s 3(xample)k 1568(of)s 1839(such)s 2335(a)s 2501(document:)s 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 480 6769 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt5 560 1987(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1316 2059(1)m 160 fnt1 170 1695(In)m 395(the)s 681(w)s 1(orld)k 1145(of)s 1381(music)s 170 1515(England)m 882(is)s 1163(supposed)s 170 1335(to)m 376(be)s 611(a)s 768(mere)s 1171(pro)s 2(vince.)k 170 1155(If)m 465(she)s 856(produces)s 1608(an)s 170 975(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1136(composer)s 567 0 0 0 160 180 40 170 763 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore 128 fnt1 170 624(1)m 160 fnt1 221 552(Blom,)m 703(Eric.)s 160 fnt6 1133 553(Some)m 170 373(Gr)m 5(eat)k 734(Composer)s 1(s.)k 160 fnt1 170 192(Oxford,)m 703(1944.)s grestore 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 480 4275 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt1 170 2161(or)m 453(performer)s 6(,)k 1267(that)s 1657(is)s 170 1981(re)m 2(garded)k 862(else)s 4(where)k 1630(as)s 170 1801(perfectly)m 905(normal)s 1527(and)s 170 1621(natural;)m 762(b)s 3(ut)k 1078(if)s 1298(foreign)s 170 1441(students)m 905(of)s 1264(musical)s 170 1261(history)m 976(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1637(to)s 170 1081(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1130(a)s 1326(British)s 170 901(musical)m 795(genius,)s 1376(he)s 1657(is)s 170 721(considered)m 901(a)s 1012(freak.)s 490 488(Such)m 957(a)s 1178(freak)s 1657(is)s 170 308(Henry)m 607(Purcell.)s 1170(Y)s 16(et)k 1426(if)s 1574(we)s grestore 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 480 1781 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt1 170 2161(mak)m 1(e)k 565(a)s 690(choice)s 1157(of)s 1352(\207fteen)s 170 1981(of)m 407(the)s 695(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1264(musical)s 170 1801(classics,)m 740(as)s 918(here,)s 1276(we)s 1510(\207nd)s 170 1621(that)m 464(we)s 703(cannot)s 1185(omit)s 1533(this)s 170 1441(English)m 695(master)s 8(.)k grestore 0 1330(It)m 229(is)s 463(a)s 653(lar)s 4(ge)k 1206(rectangle)s 2161(made)s 2759(from)s 3307(three)s 3864(smaller)s 4651(rectangles)s 5694(\211)s 5898(its)s 6198(pages.)s 6931(Each)s 7490(page)s 8022(is)s 8256(made)s 8855(of)s 0 1042(lines;)m 578(each)s 1088(line)s 1517(is)s 1743(made)s 2332(of)s 2618(w)s 2(ords,)k 3324(although)s 4234(it)s 4441(mak)s 2(es)k 5117(sense)s 5706(for)s 6059(an)s 3(y)k 6472(rectangle)s 7418(\(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8012(a)s 8194(complete)s 0 754(document\))m 1072(to)s 1311(be)s 1593(part)s 2024(of)s 2295(a)s 2461(line,)s 2926(pro)s 3(vided)k 3832(it)s 4024(is)s 4234(not)s 4600(too)s 4959(lar)s 4(ge.)k 480 380(Lout)m 995(deals)s 1541(with)s 2027(something)s 3081(a)s 3251(little)s 3747(more)s 4298(complicated)s 5528(than)s 6001(rectangles:)s 240 fnt6 7079 382(objects.)m 240 fnt1 7914 380(An)m 8268(object)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_1 /DEST pdfmark 8916(is)s 0 92(a)m 176(rectangle)s 1118(with)s 1611(at)s 1854(least)s 2362(one)s 240 fnt6 2775 94(column)m 3545(mark)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4112 92(protruding)m 5186(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 5819(and)s 6234(belo)s 6(w)k 6878(it,)s 7128(and)s 7543(at)s 7786(least)s 8294(one)s 240 fnt6 8707 94(r)m 10(ow)k grestore gsave 1417 -14867 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5907 -15423(1)m grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 2 8 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(2)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt6 0 13205(mark)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 557 13203(protruding)m 1621(to)s 1861(the)s 2211(left)s 2589(and)s 2994(right.)s 3611(The)s 4040(simplest)s 4897(objects)s 5627(contain)s 6389(w)s 2(ords)k 7024(lik)s 2(e)k 7438(metempsychosis,)s 0 12915(and)m 404(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 905(one)s 1307(mark)s 1859(of)s 2130(each)s 2625(type:)s 1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 12360 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 52(metempsychosis)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 11909(The)m 441(rectangle)s 1386(e)s 3(xactly)k 2141(encloses)s 3016(the)s 3377(w)s 2(ord;)k 3993(its)s 4283(column)s 5072(mark)s 5637(is)s 5861(at)s 6107(the)s 6469(left)s 6859(edge,)s 7432(and)s 7850(its)s 8140(ro)s 6(w)k 8574(mark)s 0 11621(passes)m 668(through)s 1477(the)s 1831(middle)s 2558(of)s 2835(the)s 3190(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case)k 4276(letters.)s 5029(The)s 5463(rectangle)s 6401(and)s 6811(marks)s 7453(do)s 7752(not)s 8125(appear)s 8829(on)s 0 11333(the)m 348(printed)s 1083(page,)s 1642(b)s 4(ut)k 2004(to)s 2243(understand)s 3351(what)s 3876(Lout)s 4388(is)s 4598(doing)s 5197(you)s 5612(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6113(to)s 6352(imagine)s 7178(them.)s 480 10959(T)m 19(o)k 782(place)s 1344(tw)s 2(o)k 1756(objects)s 2487(side)s 2930(by)s 3226(side,)s 3721(we)s 4058(separate)s 4898(them)s 5438(by)s 5735(the)s 6085(symbol)s 220 fnt2 6847 10956(|,)m 240 fnt1 7009 10959(which)m 7653(denotes)s 8437(the)s 8788(act)s 0 10671(of)m 240 fnt6 271 10673(horizontal)m 1315(concatenation)s 240 fnt1 2665 10671(.)m 2829(So,)s 3189(if)s 3406(we)s 3741(write)s 220 fnt2 480 10189(USA | A)m 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 240 fnt1 0 9734(the)m 348(result)s 938(will)s 1364(be)s 1646(the)s 1994(object)s 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 9228 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 3(USA)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 956 9229 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 2(Australia)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 8777(Notice)m 718(that)s 1162(this)s 1583(object)s 2253(has)s 2648(tw)s 2(o)k 3084(column)s 3884(marks,)s 4601(b)s 4(ut)k 4988(still)s 5426(only)s 5931(one)s 6359(ro)s 6(w)k 6804(mark,)s 7428(because)s 220 fnt2 8266 8774(|)m 240 fnt1 8389 8777(mer)m 4(ges)k 0 8489(the)m 382(tw)s 2(o)k 827(ro)s 6(w)k 1282(marks)s 1952(together)s 13(.)k 2921(This)s 3431(mer)s 4(ging)k 4312(of)s 4618(ro)s 6(w)k 5073(marks)s 5743(\207x)s 3(es)k 6277(the)s 6660(v)s 3(ertical)k 7462(position)s 8325(of)s 8631(each)s 0 8201(object)m 647(with)s 1133(respect)s 1873(to)s 2115(the)s 2467(other)s 9(,)k 3060(b)s 4(ut)k 3425(it)s 3621(does)s 4115(not)s 4485(determine)s 5499(ho)s 6(w)k 5964(f)s 2(ar)k 6290(apart)s 6830(the)s 3(y)k 7297(are.)s 7756(This)s 8236(distance,)s 0 7913(or)m 240 fnt6 276 7915(gap)m 240 fnt1 629 7913(,)m 753(may)s 1236(be)s 1536(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2133(just)s 2555(after)s 3069(the)s 3434(symbol,)s 4263(as)s 4531(in)s 220 fnt2 4791 7910(|0.5i)m 240 fnt1 5264 7913(for)m 5620(e)s 3(xample,)k 6551(which)s 7210(speci\207es)s 8102(horizontal)s 0 7625(concatenation)m 1385(with)s 1867(a)s 2033(g)s 1(ap)k 2431(of)s 2702(half)s 3145(an)s 3428(inch.)s 4004(If)s 4234(no)s 4527(g)s 1(ap)k 4925(is)s 5135(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 5765(it)s 5957(is)s 6167(assumed)s 7049(to)s 7288(be)s 220 fnt2 7570 7622(0i)m 240 fnt1 7726 7625(.)m 240 fnt6 480 7253(V)m 26(ertical)k 1283(concatenation)s 240 fnt1 2633 7251(,)m 2740(denoted)s 3556(by)s 220 fnt2 3850 7248(/)m 240 fnt1 3914 7251(,)m 4021(is)s 4231(the)s 4579(same)s 5126(apart)s 5663(from)s 6187(the)s 6535(change)s 7269(of)s 7540(direction:)s 220 fnt2 480 6750(A)m 6(ustr)k 2(alia /0.1i USA)k 240 fnt1 0 6295(has)m 370(result)s 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 480 5840 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 2(Australia)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 5531 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 3(USA)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 5080(The)m 485(usual)s 1102(mer)s 4(ging)k 2005(of)s 2333(marks)s 3026(occurs,)s 3814(and)s 4275(no)s 6(w)k 4793(the)s 5199(g)s 1(ap)k 5654(determines)s 6810(the)s 7215(v)s 3(ertical)k 8040(separation.)s 0 4792(Horizontal)m 1077(and)s 1481(v)s 3(ertical)k 2248(can)s 2637(be)s 2919(combined:)s 220 fnt2 1000 4340(USA)m 2256(|0.2i)s 2772(A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 480 4052(/0.1i)m 1000(W)s 8(ashington)k 2256(|)s 2772(Canberr)s 2(a)k 240 fnt1 0 3553(has)m 370(result)s 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 3097 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 476 165 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 3(USA)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 659 166 0 57 240 288 60 956 3097 LoutGr2 0 ymark moveto xsize 10 pt add ymark lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 1903 3098 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 2(Australia)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 1135 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 2738 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1135 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 1135 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 52(W)m 19(ashington)k grestore grestore end end restore grestore 876 166 0 57 240 288 60 1903 2787 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 876 166 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 876 166 0 57 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 0 3(Canberra)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 2287(There)m 655(are)s 1044(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 1808(things)s 2486(to)s 2768(note)s 3278(carefully)s 4222(here.)s 4839(White)s 5522(space)s 6151(\(including)s 7229(tabs)s 7707(and)s 8154(ne)s 6(wlines\))k 0 1999(adjacent)m 848(to)s 1078(a)s 1236(concatenation)s 2612(symbol)s 3364(is)s 3565(ignored,)s 4395(so)s 4652(it)s 4836(may)s 5293(be)s 5567(used)s 6055(to)s 6286(lay)s 6623(out)s 6981(the)s 7320(e)s 3(xpression)k 8388(clearly)s 15(.)k 0 1711(The)m 425(symbol)s 220 fnt2 1182 1708(|)m 240 fnt1 1275 1711(tak)m 2(es)k 1812(precedence)s 2940(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 220 fnt2 3415 1708(/)m 240 fnt1 3479 1711(,)m 3583(which)s 4221(means)s 4880(that)s 5295(the)s 5639(ro)s 6(ws)k 6146(are)s 6490(formed)s 7234(\207rst,)s 7709(then)s 8174(v)s 3(ertically)k 0 1423(concatenated.)m 1420(The)s 1856(symbol)s 220 fnt2 2625 1420(/)m 240 fnt1 2757 1423(will)m 3191(mer)s 4(ge)k 3849(tw)s 2(o)k 4267(or)s 4535(more)s 5090(column)s 5873(marks,)s 6573(creating)s 7403(multiple)s 8264(columns)s 0 1135(\(and)m 220 fnt2 484 1132(|)m 240 fnt1 583 1135(will)m 1011(mer)s 4(ge)k 1662(tw)s 2(o)k 2073(or)s 2334(more)s 2883(ro)s 6(w)k 3305(marks\).)s 4134(This)s 4611(implies)s 5367(that)s 5787(the)s 6137(g)s 1(ap)k 220 fnt2 6536 1132(0.2i)m 240 fnt1 6937 1135(used)m 7436(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 8060(is)s 8272(between)s 0 847(columns,)m 910(not)s 1268(indi)s 6(vidual)k 2278(items)s 2838(in)s 3072(columns;)s 3987(a)s 4144(g)s 1(ap)k 4534(in)s 4768(the)s 5108(second)s 5822(ro)s 6(w)k 6234(w)s 2(ould)k 6880(therefore)s 7789(be)s 8062(redundant,)s 0 559(and)m 404(so)s 670(is)s 880(omitted.)s 480 185(A)m 710(v)s 6(ariant)k 1427(of)s 220 fnt2 1698 182(/)m 240 fnt1 1822 185(called)m 220 fnt2 2450 182(//)m 240 fnt1 2635 185(left-justi\207es)m 3825(tw)s 2(o)k 4235(objects)s 4963(instead)s 5698(of)s 5969(mer)s 4(ging)k 6815(their)s 7312(marks.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 3 9 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(1.1.)m 1871(Objects)s 240 fnt5 10370 -1583(3)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13205(By)m 840(enclosing)s 1836(an)s 2145(object)s 2815(in)s 3085(braces,)s 3828(it)s 4046(is)s 4282(possible)s 5148(to)s 5414(o)s 3(v)k 3(erride)k 6286(the)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_6 /DEST pdfmark 6660(set)s 7011(precedences.)s 8369(Here)s 8916(is)s 0 12917(another)m 777(e)s 3(xpression)k 1854(for)s 2192(the)s 2540(table)s 3060(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 3733(in)s 3976(which)s 4618(the)s 4966(columns)s 5828(are)s 6175(formed)s 6923(\207rst:)s 220 fnt2 996 12416({ USA)m 2089(/0.1i)s 2609(W)s 8(ashington })k 480 12128(|0.2i)m 996({ A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 2089(/)s 2609(Canberr)s 2(a })k 240 fnt1 0 11634(Braces)m 701(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1202(no)s 1495(ef)s 6(fect)k 2091(other)s 2642(than)s 3111(to)s 3350(alter)s 3833(the)s 4181(grouping.)s 240 fnt6 480 11262(P)m 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aph)k 1569(br)s 8(eaking)k 240 fnt1 2476 11260(occurs)m 3160(when)s 3746(an)s 4038(object)s 4692(is)s 4911(too)s 5280(wide)s 5810(to)s 6059(\207t)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_7 /DEST pdfmark 6327(into)s 6762(the)s 7119(space)s 7716(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8633(to)s 8882(it;)s 0 10972(by)m 286(breaking)s 1168(its)s 1436(paragraphs)s 2527(into)s 2944(lines,)s 3494(its)s 3762(width)s 4355(is)s 4557(reduced)s 5364(to)s 5595(an)s 5869(acceptable)s 6925(amount.)s 7799(The)s 8218(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 0 10684(space)m 587(is)s 797(determined)s 1930(by)s 2224(the)s 220 fnt2 2572 10681(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 3346 10684(symbol,)m 4158(whose)s 4826(form)s 5350(is)s 240 fnt6 480 10181(length)m 220 fnt2 1193 10176(@Wide)m 240 fnt6 2027 10181(object)m 240 fnt1 0 9680(and)m 404(whose)s 1072(result)s 1662(is)s 1872(the)s 2220(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2800(object)s 3444(modi\207ed)s 4353(to)s 4592(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5093(e)s 3(xactly)k 5834(the)s 6182(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 6762(length.)s 7524(F)s 3(or)k 7913(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 9179(5i @Wide {)m 480 8891(Macbeth w)m 3(as v)k 5(er)k -6(y ambitious)k 3(.)k 13( )k 11(This led him to wish to become king of)k 480 8603(Scotland.)m 13( )k 11(The witches told him that this wish of his w)k 2(ould come tr)k -3(ue)k 3(.)k 13( )k 11(The)k 480 8315(king of Scotland at this time w)m 3(as Duncan.)k 13( Encour)k 2(aged b)k 4(y his wif)k 6(e)k 3(, Macbeth)k 480 8027(m)m 2(urdered Duncan.)k 13( He w)k 3(as thus enab)k 4(led to succeed Duncan as king.)k 13( \(51 w)k 2(ords\))k 480 7739(|0.5i)m 480 7451(Encour)m 2(aged b)k 4(y his wif)k 6(e)k 3(, Macbeth achie)k 6(v)k 5(ed his ambition and realiz)k 3(ed the)k 480 7163(prediction of the witches b)m 4(y m)k 2(urder)k -3(ing Duncan and becoming king of Scotland)k 480 6875(in his place)m 3(.)k 13( \(26 w)k 2(ords\))k 480 6587(})m 240 fnt1 0 6093(has)m 370(for)s 708(its)s 984(result)s 1574(the)s 1922(follo)s 6(wing)k 2899(\207v)s 3(e)k 3311(inch)s 3780(wide)s 4301(object)s 4945([)s [ /Rect [5016 6090 5123 6255] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTstrunk1979style /ANN pdfmark 5016(8)s 5123(]:)s 480 5590(Macbeth)m 1356(w)s 2(as)k 1758(v)s 3(ery)k 2216(ambitious.)s 3304(This)s 480 5302(led)m 828(him)s 1257(to)s 1493(wish)s 2000(to)s 2236(become)s 3033(king)s 3509(of)s 480 5014(Scotland.)m 1538(The)s 2023(witches)s 2861(told)s 3348(him)s 480 4726(that)m 922(this)s 1343(wish)s 1876(of)s 2172(his)s 2526(w)s 2(ould)k 3206(come)s 480 4438(true.)m 1025(The)s 1464(king)s 1954(of)s 2235(Scotland)s 3141(at)s 3384(this)s 480 4150(time)m 959(w)s 2(as)k 1379(Duncan.)s 2287(Encouraged)s 3486(by)s 480 3862(his)m 817(wife,)s 1356(Macbeth)s 2257(murdered)s 3239(Dun-)s 480 3574(can.)m 994(He)s 1347(w)s 2(as)k 1787(thus)s 2255(enabled)s 3075(to)s 3333(suc-)s 480 3286(ceed)m 976(Duncan)s 1778(as)s 2028(king.)s 2618(\(51)s 2972(w)s 2(ords\))k 4440 5590(Encouraged)m 5653(by)s 5960(his)s 6302(wife,)s 6846(Macbeth)s 4440 5302(achie)m 6(v)k 3(ed)k 5407(his)s 5806(ambition)s 6782(and)s 7255(real-)s 4440 5014(ized)m 4910(the)s 5272(prediction)s 6312(of)s 6597(the)s 6959(witches)s 4440 4726(by)m 4731(murdering)s 5776(Duncan)s 6574(and)s 6974(becom-)s 4440 4438(ing)m 4818(king)s 5316(of)s 5606(Scotland)s 6520(in)s 6782(his)s 7132(place.)s 4440 4150(\(26)m 4812(w)s 2(ords\))k 0 2783(A)m 232(paragraph)s 1247(of)s 1520(te)s 3(xt)k 1937(can)s 2328(be)s 2612(included)s 3496(an)s 3(ywhere,)k 4533(and)s 4939(it)s 5133(will)s 5561(be)s 5845(brok)s 2(en)k 6567(automatically)s 7923(if)s 8143(necessary)s 0 2495(to)m 239(\207t)s 498(the)s 846(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 1754(space.)s 2449(The)s 2877(spaces)s 3552(between)s 4406(w)s 2(ords)k 5040(are)s 5387(con)s 9(v)k 3(erted)k 6376(into)s 6801(concatenation)s 8186(symbols.)s 480 2121(These)m 1136(are)s 1512(the)s 1889(most)s 2443(signi\207cant)s 3528(of)s 3828(Lout')s 13(s)k 4519(object-b)s 4(uilding)k 6058(symbols.)s 7049(There)s 7691(are)s 8067(others,)s 8788(for)s 0 1833(changing)m 924(fonts,)s 1501(controlling)s 2596(paragraph)s 3601(breaking,)s 4538(printing)s 5340(graphical)s 6277(objects)s 6997(lik)s 2(e)k 7402(box)s 3(es)k 8001(and)s 8397(circles,)s 0 1545(and)m 404(so)s 670(on,)s 1017(b)s 4(ut)k 1379(the)s 3(y)k 1842(do)s 2135(not)s 2501(add)s 2905(an)s 3(ything)k 3793(ne)s 6(w)k 4240(in)s 4483(principle.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 4 10 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(4)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt5 0 13203(1.2.)m 471(De\207nitions)s [ /Dest /LOUTdefinitions /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 12772(The)m 897(features)s 1691(of)s 1950(Lout)s 2451(are)s 2786(v)s 3(ery)k 3250(general.)s 4105(The)s 3(y)k 4637(do)s 4918(not)s 5272(assume)s 6020(that)s 6427(documents)s 7503(are)s 7838(composed)s 8855(of)s 0 12484(pages,)m 637(nor)s 1001(that)s 1403(there)s 1921(are)s 2252(such)s 2733(things)s 3353(as)s 3588(mar)s 4(gins)k 4389(and)s 4778(footnotes,)s 5759(for)s 6082(e)s 3(xample.)k 240 fnt6 7037 12486(De\207nitions)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 8127 12484(bridge)m 8778(the)s 0 12196(g)m 1(ap)k 397(between)s 1249(Lout')s 13(s)k 1910(general)s 2666(features)s 3470(and)s 3873(the)s 4219(special)s 4935(features)s 5740(\211)s 5918(footnotes,)s 6913(equations,)s 7936(pages)s 8530(\211)s 8708(that)s 0 11908(particular)m 991(documents)s 2097(require.)s 2954(The)s 3(y)k 3515(hold)s 4017(the)s 4382(instr)s 4806(uct)s 5098(ions)s 5566(for)s 5922(producing)s 6963(these)s 7528(special)s 8264(features,)s 0 11620(con)m 9(v)k 3(eniently)k 1278(packaged)s 2240(ready)s 2825(for)s 3163(use.)s 480 11246(F)m 3(or)k 885(e)s 3(xample,)k 1815(consider)s 2701(the)s 3065(challenge)s 4053(posed)s 4686(by)s 4996(`)s 5057(T)s 5153 11198(E)m 5261 11246(X)m 5430(',)s 5633(which)s 6291(is)s 6517(the)s 6881(name)s 7471(of)s 7758(one)s 8176(of)s 8464(Lout')s 13(s)k 0 10958(most)m 525(illustrious)s 1531(ri)s 6(v)k 6(als)k 2100([)s [ /Rect [2171 10955 2284 11122] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark 2171(6)s 2284(].)s 2527(Lout)s 3039(solv)s 3(es)k 3685(it)s 3877(easily)s 4488(enough,)s 5301(lik)s 2(e)k 5713(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 10457(T{ /0.2f)m 6(o E }X)k 240 fnt1 0 9963(b)m 4(ut)k 373(to)s 624(type)s 1103(this)s 1511(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 2098(time)s 2590(T)s 2686 9915(E)m 2794 9963(X)m 3035(is)s 3256(mentioned)s 4336(w)s 2(ould)k 5002(be)s 5296(tedious)s 6050(and)s 6465(error)s 4(-prone.)k 7724(So)s 8041(we)s 8388(place)s 8960(a)s 0 9675(de\207nition)m 974(at)s 1206(the)s 1554(be)s 3(ginning)k 2562(of)s 2833(the)s 3181(document:)s 220 fnt2 480 9174(def @T)m 26(eX { )k 11(T{ /0.2f)k 6(o E }X })k 240 fnt1 0 8680(No)m 6(w)k 220 fnt2 514 8677(@T)m 26(eX)k 240 fnt1 1169 8680(stands)m 1818(for)s 2156(the)s 2504(object)s 3148(follo)s 6(wing)k 4125(it)s 4317(between)s 5171(braces,)s 5888(and)s 6292(we)s 6627(may)s 7093(write)s 220 fnt2 480 8179(consider)m 1370(the)s 1728(challenge)s 2719(posed)s 3366(b)s 4(y)k 3653(`@T)s 26(eX',)k 4451(\202)s 240 fnt1 0 7680(as)m 250(the)s 598(author)s 1269(did)s 1633(earlier)s 2301(in)s 2544(this)s 2940(paragraph.)s 480 7306(A)m 240 fnt6 706 7308(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1440 7306(is)m 1646(a)s 1808(name,)s 2429(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 2837 7303(@T)m 26(eX)k 240 fnt1 3432 7306(,)m 3535(which)s 4172(stands)s 4817(for)s 5151(something)s 6197(other)s 6744(than)s 7209(itself.)s 7845(The)s 8269(initial)s 220 fnt2 8875 7303(@)m 240 fnt1 0 7018(is)m 201(not)s 558(compulsory)s 15(,)k 1771(b)s 4(ut)k 2124(it)s 2307(does)s 2788(mak)s 2(e)k 3351(the)s 3690(name)s 4254(stand)s 4808(out)s 5165(clearly)s 15(.)k 5954(A)s 240 fnt6 6175 7020(de\207nition)m 240 fnt1 7124 7018(of)m 7386(a)s 7543(symbol)s 8293(declares)s 0 6730(a)m 164(name)s 736(to)s 973(be)s 1253(a)s 1417(symbol,)s 2227(and)s 2629(says)s 3090(what)s 3613(the)s 3959(symbol)s 4717(stands)s 5364(for)s 13(.)k 5791(The)s 240 fnt6 6217 6732(body)m 240 fnt1 6737 6730(of)m 7006(a)s 7170(de\207nition)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_3 /DEST pdfmark 8142(is)s 8350(the)s 8695(part)s 0 6442(follo)m 6(wing)k 977(the)s 1325(name,)s 1950(between)s 2804(the)s 3152(braces.)s 3926(T)s 19(o)k 240 fnt6 4226 6444(in)m 9(vok)k 2(e)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4892 6442(a)m 5058(symbol)s 5818(is)s 6028(to)s 6267(mak)s 2(e)k 6839(use)s 7214(of)s 7485(it.)s 480 6068(Another)m 1324(e)s 3(xpression)k 2401(ripe)s 2828(for)s 3166(packaging)s 4203(in)s 4446(a)s 4612(de\207nition)s 5586(is)s 220 fnt2 480 5567(@OneRo)m 3(w { | -2p @F)k 6(ont n ^/0.5fk 2 })k 240 fnt1 0 5025(which)m 642(produces)s 200 fnt1 1671 5142(n)m 240 fnt1 1557 5025(2)m 1828(\(see)s 2268(Chapter)s 3085(2\).)s 3448(But)s 3854(this)s 4250(time)s 4730(we)s 5065(w)s 2(ould)k 5720(lik)s 2(e)k 6132(to)s 6371(be)s 6653(able)s 7107(to)s 7346(write)s 240 fnt6 480 4522(object)m 220 fnt2 1188 4517(@Super)m 240 fnt6 2116 4522(object)m 240 fnt1 0 3920(so)m 296(that)s 220 fnt2 745 3917(a)m 953(@Super)s 1853(2)s 240 fnt1 2055 3920(w)m 2(ould)k 2741(come)s 3345(out)s 3742(as)s 200 fnt1 4128 4049(2)m 240 fnt1 4022 3920(a)m 4223(,)s 4361(and)s 4796(so)s 5092(on,)s 5470(for)s 5838(in)s 6112(this)s 6538(w)s 2(ay)k 7020(the)s 7398(usefulness)s 8476(of)s 8778(the)s 0 3632(de\207nition)m 974(is)s 1184(greatly)s 1901(increased.)s 2967(Here)s 3487(is)s 3697(ho)s 6(w)k 4158(it)s 4350(is)s 4560(done:)s 220 fnt2 480 3131(def @Super)m 480 2843( left x)m 480 2555( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 2267({ @OneRo)m 3(w { | -2p @F)k 6(ont y ^/0.5fk x })k 480 1979(})m 240 fnt1 0 1485(This)m 492(de\207nition)s 1483(says)s 1963(that)s 220 fnt2 2398 1482(@Super)m 240 fnt1 3283 1485(has)m 3669(tw)s 2(o)k 240 fnt6 4096 1487(par)m 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 5176 1485(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 5300 1482(x)m 240 fnt1 5485 1485(and)m 220 fnt2 5906 1482(y)m 240 fnt1 6014 1485(.)m 6194(When)s 220 fnt2 6840 1482(@Super)m 240 fnt1 7725 1485(is)m 7952(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 8833(all)s 0 1197(occurrences)m 1205(of)s 220 fnt2 1490 1194(x)m 240 fnt1 1671 1197(in)m 1928(the)s 2289(body)s 2837(will)s 3276(be)s 3572(replaced)s 4452(by)s 4760(the)s 5121(object)s 5779(just)s 6197(to)s 6450(the)s 6811(left)s 7202(of)s 220 fnt2 7486 1194(@Super)m 240 fnt1 8294 1197(,)m 8415(and)s 8833(all)s 0 909(occurrences)m 1192(of)s 220 fnt2 1462 906(y)m 240 fnt1 1630 909(will)m 2055(be)s 2337(replaced)s 3203(by)s 3496(the)s 3844(object)s 4487(just)s 4892(to)s 5130(the)s 5477(right.)s 6092(So,)s 6451(for)s 6789(e)s 3(xample,)k 7702(the)s 8049(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt2 480 408(2 @Super { Slope @F)m 6(ont n })k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 5 11 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1579(1.2.)m 1871(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt5 10370 -1582(5)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13369 0 13260 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13206(is)m 210(equal)s 783(to)s 220 fnt2 480 12705(@OneRo)m 3(w { | -2p @F)k 6(ont { Slope @F)k 6(ont n } ^/0.5fk 2 })k 240 fnt1 0 12154(and)m 404(so)s 670(comes)s 1332(out)s 1698(as)s 200 fnt6 2062 12284(n)m 240 fnt1 1948 12154(2)m 2157(.)s 480 11780(Lout)m 994(permits)s 1764(de\207nitions)s 2828(to)s 3070(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k 3765(themselv)s 3(es,)k 4934(a)s 5103(peculiarly)s 6115(circular)s 6905(thing)s 7453(to)s 7695(do)s 7991(which)s 8636(goes)s 0 11492(by)m 294(the)s 642(name)s 1216(of)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_6 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 1487 11494(r)m 8(ecur)k 2(sion.)k 240 fnt1 2548 11492(Here)m 3068(is)s 3278(an)s 3561(e)s 3(xample)k 4424(of)s 4695(a)s 4861(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5783(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt2 480 10991(def @Leaders { ..)m 13( @Leaders })k 240 fnt1 0 10497(The)m 418(usual)s 968(rule)s 1384(is)s 1584(that)s 1991(the)s 2329(v)s 6(alue)k 2886(of)s 3147(an)s 3420(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4463(of)s 4724(a)s 4879(symbol)s 5629(is)s 5828(a)s 5984(cop)s 2(y)k 6492(of)s 6752(the)s 7090(body)s 7613(of)s 7874(the)s 8211(symbol')s 13(s)k 0 10209(de\207nition,)m 1024(so)s 1290(the)s 1638(v)s 6(alue)k 2206(of)s 220 fnt2 2477 10206(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 3546 10209(must)m 4071(be)s 220 fnt2 480 9727(..)m 13( @Leaders)k 240 fnt1 0 9272(But)m 406(no)s 6(w)k 867(this)s 1263(rule)s 1690(applies)s 2418(to)s 2657(this)s 3053(ne)s 6(w)k 3500(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4554(of)s 220 fnt2 4825 9269(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 5834 9272(;)m 5946(substituting)s 7115(its)s 7391(body)s 7925(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 220 fnt2 480 8771(..)m 13( ..)k 13( @Leaders)k 240 fnt1 0 8316(and)m 408(so)s 679(on)s 980(fore)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 13(.)k 1816(In)s 2076(order)s 2645(to)s 2888(mak)s 2(e)k 3465(this)s 3865(useful,)s 4561(an)s 4848(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5907(of)s 6182(a)s 6353(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7279(symbol)s 8044(is)s 8259(replaced)s 0 8028(by)m 294(its)s 570(body)s 1104(only)s 1584(if)s 1801(suf\207cient)s 2750(space)s 3337(is)s 3547(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable.)k 4563(So,)s 4923(for)s 5261(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 7527(4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 62 })m 240 fnt1 0 7031(has)m 370(for)s 708(its)s 984(result)s 1574(the)s 1922(object)s 480 6527(Chapter)m 1297(7)s 1525(..)s 1809(..)s 2093(..)s 2377(..)s 2661(..)s 2945(..)s 3229(..)s 3513(..)s 3797(..)s 4081(..)s 4365(..)s 4649(..)s 4933(..)s 5217(..)s 5501(..)s 5785(62)s 0 6024(with)m 478(Lout)s 985(checking)s 1897(before)s 2558(each)s 3049(replacement)s 4271(of)s 220 fnt2 4537 6021(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 5601 6024(by)m 220 fnt2 5891 6021(..)m 6177(@Leaders)s 240 fnt1 7241 6024(that)m 7654(the)s 7997(total)s 8471(length)s 0 5736(afterw)m 2(ards,)k 1112(including)s 2069(the)s 2417(other)s 2968(w)s 2(ords,)k 3658(w)s 2(ould)k 4313(not)s 4679(e)s 3(xceed)k 5398(four)s 5856(inches.)s 480 5362(The)m 902(remaining)s 1918(issue)s 2445(is)s 2649(what)s 3168(happens)s 3997(when)s 4567(Lout)s 5072(decides)s 5834(that)s 6246(it)s 6431(is)s 6635(time)s 7109(to)s 7341(stop.)s 7898(The)s 8319(ob)s 3(vious)k 0 5074(thing)m 545(to)s 784(do)s 1077(is)s 1287(to)s 1526(replace)s 2271(the)s 2619(last)s 3010(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4064(by)s 4358(an)s 4641(empty)s 5293(object:)s 220 fnt2 480 4576(..)m 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( {})k 240 fnt1 0 4082(As)m 316(the)s 662(e)s 3(xample)k 1524(sho)s 6(ws,)k 2222(this)s 2617(w)s 2(ould)k 3270(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3822(a)s 3986(small)s 4556(trailing)s 5297(space,)s 5933(which)s 6574(is)s 6782(a)s 6947(major)s 7562(headache.)s 8614(Lout)s 0 3794(\207x)m 3(es)k 517(this)s 930(by)s 1242(replacing)s 2201(the)s 2566(last)s 2975(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4046(with)s 4545(a)s 4729(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5621(kind)s 6122(of)s 6411(empty)s 7080(object,)s 7788(called)s 220 fnt2 8434 3791(@Null)m 240 fnt1 9019 3794(,)m 0 3506(whose)m 677(ef)s 6(fect)k 1282(is)s 1501(to)s 1749(mak)s 2(e)k 2330(an)s 2623(adjacent)s 3488(concatenation)s 4882(symbol)s 5651(disappear)s 9(,)k 6674(preferably)s 7718(one)s 8130(preceding)s 0 3218(the)m 220 fnt2 348 3215(@Null)m 240 fnt1 933 3218(.)m 1097(Thus,)s 1683(when)s 2259(Lout)s 2771(replaces)s 220 fnt2 3604 3215(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 4673 3218(by)m 220 fnt2 4967 3215(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5612 3218(in)m 5855(the)s 6203(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt2 480 2717(..)m 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( ..)k 13( @Leaders)k 240 fnt1 0 2262(the)m 348(trailing)s 1089(space,)s 1727(which)s 2368(is)s 2577(really)s 3174(a)s 3339(horizontal)s 4362(concatenation)s 5747(symbol,)s 6558(disappears)s 7617(as)s 7867(well.)s 8441(This)s 8916(is)s 0 1974(tak)m 2(en)k 573(into)s 998(account)s 1802(when)s 2378(deciding)s 3255(whether)s 4085(there)s 4618(is)s 4828(room)s 5393(to)s 5632(replace)s 220 fnt2 6377 1971(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 7446 1974(by)m 7740(its)s 8016(body)s 15(.)k 480 1600(The)m 903(remainder)s 1926(of)s 2192(this)s 2583(section)s 3312(is)s 3517(de)s 6(v)k 4(oted)k 4318(to)s 4552(sho)s 6(wing)k 5406(ho)s 6(w)k 5862(de\207nitions)s 6918(may)s 7379(be)s 7656(used)s 8148(to)s 8382(specify)s 0 1312(the)m 240 fnt6 348 1314(pa)m 2(g)k 2(e)k 863(layout)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_7 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1525 1312(of)m 1796(a)s 1962(document.)s 3070(T)s 19(o)k 3370(be)s 3(gin)k 3956(with,)s 4488(we)s 4823(can)s 5212(de\207ne)s 5853(a)s 6019(page)s 6527(lik)s 2(e)k 6939(this:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 6 12 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(6)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(def @P)m 8(age)k 480 12919({)m 480 12631( //1i ||1i)m 480 12343( 6i @Wide 9.5i @High)m 480 12055( { @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace //1r)k -8(t @F)k 6(ootSect })k 480 11767( ||1i //1i)m 480 11479(})m 240 fnt1 0 10985(No)m 6(w)k 220 fnt2 520 10982(@P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 1306 10985(is)m 1523(an)s 1813(eight)s 2358(by)s 2659(ele)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3338(and)s 3749(a)s 3922(half)s 4371(inch)s 4847(object,)s 5545(with)s 6034(one)s 6443(inch)s 6919(mar)s 4(gins,)k 7799(a)s 7972(place)s 8539(at)s 8778(the)s 0 10697(top)m 367(for)s 713(te)s 3(xt,)k 1183(and)s 1595(a)s 1769(section)s 2511(at)s 2751(the)s 3108(bottom)s 3854(for)s 4200(footnotes)s 5149(\(since)s 220 fnt2 5783 10694(//1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 6233 10697(bottom-justi\207es)m 7792(the)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 0 10409(object\).)m 827(It)s 1032(will)s 1458(be)s 1740(con)s 9(v)k 3(enient)k 2838(for)s 3176(us)s 3440(to)s 3679(sho)s 6(w)k 4233(the)s 4581(ef)s 6(fect)k 5177(of)s 5448(in)s 9(v)k 4(oking)k 220 fnt2 6340 10406(@P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 7119 10409(lik)m 2(e)k 7531(this:)s 160 fnt2 480 9308(@P)m 6(age)k 220 fnt4 1240 9294(\336)m gsave 1690 7575 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore 240 fnt1 0 7124(with)m 482(the)s 830(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 1645(symbol)s 2405(appearing)s 3401(to)s 3640(the)s 3988(left)s 4365(of)s 4636(the)s 4984(arro)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 5627(and)s 6031(its)s 6307(body)s 6841(to)s 7080(the)s 7428(right.)s 480 6750(The)m 908(de\207nition)s 1882(of)s 2153(a)s 2319(v)s 3(ertical)k 3086(list)s 3437(of)s 3708(pages)s 4304(should)s 5001(come)s 5575(as)s 5825(no)s 6118(surprise:)s 220 fnt2 480 6249(def @P)m 8(ageList)k 480 5961({)m 480 5673( @P)m 8(age // @P)k 8(ageList)k 480 5385(})m 240 fnt1 0 4891(This)m 476(allo)s 6(ws)k 1145(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 2286(lik)s 2(e)k 2698(the)s 3046(follo)s 6(wing:)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 7 13 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1579(1.2.)m 1871(De\207nitions)s 240 fnt5 10368 -1582(7)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13369 0 13369 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore gsave 480 0 translate 1.0867 1.0000 scale 160 fnt2 0 12608(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt4 890 12594(\336)m gsave 1220 10875 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore 160 fnt2 1220 10645(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt4 3267 12594(\336)m gsave 3597 10875 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore gsave 3597 8381 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore 160 fnt2 3597 8151(@P)m 6(ageList)k 220 fnt4 5644 12594(\336)m gsave 5974 10875 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore gsave 5974 8381 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore grestore 0 7665(setting)m 220 fnt2 750 7662(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 1874 7665(to)m 200 fnt2 2113 7667(@Null)m 240 fnt1 2706 7665(on)m 3003(the)s 3351(last)s 3742(step.)s 4291(An)s 3(y)k 4755(number)s 5546(of)s 5817(pages)s 6413(can)s 6802(be)s 7084(generated.)s 480 7291(A)m 703(de\207nition)s 1669(for)s 220 fnt2 1999 7288(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 3209 7291(is)m 3411(be)s 3(yond)k 4164(us)s 4420(at)s 4644(present,)s 5433(since)s 220 fnt2 5972 7288(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 7182 7291(must)m 7699(be)s 7973(replaced)s 8832(by)s 0 7003(dif)m 6(ferent)k 877(parts)s 1394(of)s 1667(the)s 2018(te)s 3(xt)k 2435(of)s 2708(the)s 3059(document)s 4065(on)s 4364(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5242(pages.)s 5953(But)s 6361(we)s 6699(can)s 7090(de\207ne)s 220 fnt2 7733 7000(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 8887 7003(to)m 0 6715(be)m 282(a)s 448(small)s 1020(space)s 1607(follo)s 6(wed)k 2509(by)s 2803(a)s 2969(horizontal)s 3993(line)s 4407(follo)s 6(wed)k 5309(by)s 5603(a)s 5769(list)s 6120(of)s 6391(places)s 7039(where)s 7679(footnotes)s 8620(go:)s 220 fnt2 480 6214(def @F)m 6(ootList )k 480 5926({ )m 480 5638( @F)m 6(ootPlace //0.3v @F)k 6(ootList)k 480 5350(} )m 480 5062( )m 480 4774(def @F)m 6(ootSect)k 480 4486({ )m 480 4198( //0.3v 1i @Wide @HLine)m 480 3910( //0.3v @F)m 6(ootList )k 480 3622(} )m 240 fnt1 0 3128(assuming)m 950(that)s 220 fnt2 1360 3125(@HLine)m 240 fnt1 2199 3128(will)m 2617(produce)s 3436(a)s 3594(horizontal)s 4610(line)s 5016(of)s 5279(the)s 5619(indicated)s 6545(width.)s 7246(W)s 9(ith)k 7764(this)s 8152(de\207nition)s 0 2840(we)m 335(can)s 724(generate)s 1589(pages)s 2185(lik)s 2(e)k 2597(this:)s gsave 480 6 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore 220 fnt4 2647 1725(\336)m gsave 3097 6 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 567 0 0 0 160 180 44 170 346 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore 170 173(@F)m 4(ootList)k grestore 5264(\336)s gsave 5714 6 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 567 0 0 0 160 180 44 170 522 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore 170 349(@F)m 4(ootPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootList)k grestore grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 8 14 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(8)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(and)m 404(so)s 670(on)s 967(for)s 1305(arbitrarily)s 2312(man)s 3(y)k 2895(footnotes.)s 480 12831(W)m 19(e)k 852(will)s 1281(see)s 1646(in)s 1892(the)s 2244(ne)s 3(xt)k 2716(section)s 3454(ho)s 6(w)k 3918(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 5063(of)s 220 fnt2 5337 12828(@P)m 8(ageList,)k 6511(@F)s 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 7665 12831(and)m 220 fnt2 8073 12828(@F)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt1 0 12543(are)m 356(replaced)s 1232(by)s 1535(their)s 2041(bodies)s 2726(only)s 3216(when)s 3801(the)s 4158(need)s 4677(to)s 4925(insert)s 5524(te)s 3(xt)k 5949(and)s 6362(footnotes)s 7312(obliges)s 8063(Lout)s 8584(to)s 8833(do)s 0 12255(so;)m 352(otherwise)s 1364(the)s 1740(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 2908(are)s 3283(replaced)s 4177(by)s 220 fnt2 4499 12252(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5084 12255(.)m 5275(In)s 5559(this)s 5982(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 6499(the)s 6874(right)s 7413(number)s 8231(of)s 8530(pages)s 0 11967(is)m 223(made,)s 862(the)s 1224(small)s 1810(line)s 2238(appears)s 3033(only)s 3527(on)s 3838(pages)s 4447(that)s 4879(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5394(at)s 5640(least)s 6151(one)s 6567(footnote,)s 7485(and)s 7903(unnecessary)s 0 11679(concatenation)m 1385(symbols)s 2234(disappear)s 13(.)k 480 11305(This)m 958(approach)s 1894(to)s 2135(page)s 2645(layout)s 3305(is)s 3517(the)s 3867(most)s 4394(original)s 5194(contrib)s 4(ution)k 6418(Lout)s 6932(has)s 7304(made)s 7880(to)s 8122(document)s 0 11017(formatting.)m 1172(It)s 1377(is)s 1587(e)s 3(xtraordinarily)k 3057(\210e)s 3(xible.)k 3935(T)s 19(w)k 2(o-column)k 5207(pages?)s 5971(Use)s 220 fnt2 480 10516({2.8i @Wide @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace} ||0.4i {2.8i @Wide @T)k 26(e)k 6(xtPlace})k 240 fnt1 0 10022(instead)m 768(of)s 220 fnt2 1072 10019(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 2230 10022(.)m 2427(F)s 3(ootnotes)k 3452(in)s 3728(smaller)s 4523(type?)s 5187(Use)s 220 fnt2 5648 10019(-2p)m 6051(@F)s 6(ont)k 6797(@F)s 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt1 8086 10022(instead)m 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 9731(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt1 1196 9734(.)m 1360(And)s 1831(on)s 2128(and)s 2532(on.)s 240 fnt5 0 8986(1.3.)m 471(Cr)s 4(oss)k 1106(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ences)k [ /Dest /LOUTcross /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8554(A)m 705(cross)s 1241(reference)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_1 /DEST pdfmark 2178(in)s 2415(common)s 3304(terminology)s 4521(is)s 4725(something)s 5769(lik)s 2(e)k 6176(`see)s 6610(T)s 19(able)k 7185(6')s 7411(or)s 7664(`see)s 8098(page)s 8600(57')s 8946(\211)s 0 8266(a)m 168(reference)s 1114(within)s 1785(a)s 1954(document)s 2961(to)s 3202(some)s 3766(other)s 4320(part)s 4754(of)s 5028(it.)s 5327(Readers)s 6150(\207nd)s 6584(them)s 7125(v)s 3(ery)k 7604(useful,)s 8298(b)s 4(ut)k 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 7978(are)m 343(a)s 504(major)s 1116(problem)s 1969(for)s 2302(authors.)s 3165(As)s 3478(the)s 3821(document)s 4820(is)s 5025(re)s 6(vised,)k 5812(T)s 19(able)k 6388(6)s 6556(becomes)s 7440(T)s 19(able)k 8016(7,)s 8238(the)s 8581(thing)s 0 7690(on)m 297(page)s 805(57)s 1093(mo)s 3(v)k 3(es)k 1763(to)s 2002(page)s 2510(63,)s 2857(and)s 3261(all)s 3554(the)s 3902(cross)s 4444(references)s 5475(must)s 6000(be)s 6282(changed.)s 480 7316(The)m 918(Scribe)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_2 /DEST pdfmark 1595(document)s 2609(formatter)s 9(,)k 3605(de)s 6(v)k 3(eloped)k 4649(by)s 4953(Brian)s 5552(K.)s 5839(Reid)s 6360([)s [ /Rect [6431 7315 6539 7474] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTreid1980scribe /ANN pdfmark 6431(7)s 6539(],)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_3 /DEST pdfmark 6736(introduced)s 7827(a)s 8004(scheme)s 8788(for)s 0 7028(k)m 2(eeping)k 804(track)s 1337(of)s 1603(cross)s 2140(references.)s 3279(It)s 3479(allo)s 6(ws)k 4143(you)s 4553(to)s 4787(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5241(names)s 5898(to)s 6132(tables,)s 6791(\207gures,)s 7544(etc.,)s 7984(and)s 8383(to)s 8617(refer)s 0 6740(to)m 233(them)s 764(by)s 1051(name.)s 1726(The)s 2147(formatter)s 3087(inserts)s 3754(the)s 4095(appropriate)s 5233(numbers)s 6101(in)s 6337(place)s 6890(of)s 7154(the)s 7495(names,)s 8206(so)s 8465(that)s 8876(as)s 0 6452(the)m 342(document)s 1339(is)s 1543(re)s 6(vised,)k 2327(the)s 2669(cross)s 3204(references)s 4229(are)s 4569(k)s 2(ept)k 5033(up)s 5319(to)s 5552(date)s 5999(automatically)s 15(.)k 7442(Lout)s 7947(has)s 8310(adopted)s 0 6164(and)m 404(e)s 3(xtended)k 1323(this)s 1719(scheme.)s 480 5790(In)m 726(Lout,)s 1275(automatic)s 2260(cross)s 2792(referencing)s 3922(w)s 2(orks)k 4546(in)s 4779(the)s 5117(follo)s 6(wing)k 6084(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 6620(First)s 7107(de\207ne)s 7738(a)s 7894(symbol)s 8644(with)s 0 5502(a)m 166(parameter)s 1180(with)s 1662(the)s 2010(special)s 2728(name)s 220 fnt2 3302 5499(@T)m 26(ag:)k 480 5001(def @T)m 26(ab)k 4(le)k 480 4713( left @T)m 26(ag)k 480 4425( r)m -3(ight @V)k 15(alue)k 480 4137({)m 480 3849( ||1i @V)m 15(alue)k 480 3561(})m 240 fnt1 0 3067(When)m 643(this)s 1054(symbol)s 1829(is)s 2054(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 2933(the)s 3296(v)s 6(alue)k 3879(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4474(to)s 220 fnt2 4727 3064(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 5365 3067(should)m 6077(be)s 6374(a)s 6555(simple)s 7263(w)s 2(ord)k 7826(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 8253 3064(cities)m 240 fnt1 8745 3067(,)m 8867(or)s 0 2779(se)m 6(v)k 3(eral)k 722(simple)s 1415(w)s 2(ords)k 2049(juxtaposed)s 3144(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 3556 2776(cities compare)m 240 fnt1 4962 2779(;)m 5074(it)s 5266(serv)s 3(es)k 5911(to)s 6150(name)s 6724(the)s 7072(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation:)k 220 fnt2 480 2278({ cities compare } @T)m 26(ab)k 4(le)k 480 1990({)m 480 1702( )m 8(W)k 8(ashington |0.5i Canberr)k 2(a)k 480 1414(})m 240 fnt1 0 920(W)m 19(e)k 410(may)s 917(no)s 6(w)k 1419(refer)s 1969(to)s 2249(this)s 2686(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3782(else)s 6(where)k 4828(in)s 5112(the)s 5501(document,)s 6593(using)s 7206(the)s 240 fnt6 7595 922(cr)m 10(oss)k 8187(r)s 8(efer)k 8(ence)k 220 fnt2 0 629(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&{ cities compare }.)k 240 fnt1 2918 632(Here)m 220 fnt2 3480 629(&&)m 240 fnt1 3870 632(is)m 4122(the)s 240 fnt6 4511 634(cr)m 10(oss)k 5103(r)s 8(efer)k 8(ence)k 6084(symbol)s 240 fnt1 6762 632(;)m 6916(its)s 7233(left)s 7652(parameter)s 8708(is)s 8960(a)s 0 344(symbol)m 772(and)s 1189(its)s 1478(right)s 2002(parameter)s 3028(is)s 3251(the)s 3612(v)s 6(alue)k 4193(of)s 4476(the)s 220 fnt2 4837 341(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 5473 344(parameter)m 6500(of)s 6783(some)s 7357(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 8424(of)s 8708(that)s 0 56(symbol.)m 869(Of)s 1193(course)s 1873(it')s 13(s)k 2215(simplest)s 3071(if)s 3288(you)s 3703(use)s 4078(just)s 4483(a)s 4649(one-w)s 2(ord)k 5622(tag;)s 6026(then)s 6495(no)s 6788(braces)s 7449(are)s 7796(needed.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 9 15 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1578(1.3.)m 1871(Cr)s 10(oss)k 2475(r)s 8(efer)k 8(ences)k 240 fnt5 10369 -1581(9)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13370 0 13261 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13207(A)m 695(cross)s 1222(reference)s 2150(is)s 2345(not)s 2696(an)s 2964(object;)s 3645(the)s 3978(reader)s 4619(should)s 5301(think)s 5839(of)s 6095(it)s 6272(as)s 6507(an)s 6775(arro)s 6(w)k 7365(in)s 7593(the)s 7926(\207nal)s 8391(printed)s 0 12919(document,)m 1049(be)s 3(ginning)k 2054(at)s 2284(the)s 2629(cross)s 3169(reference)s 4109(and)s 4511(ending)s 5213(at)s 5443(the)s 5788(top)s 6145(of)s 6413(the)s 6759(tar)s 4(get)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_4 /DEST pdfmark 7355(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation.)k 8513(Three)s 0 12631(special)m 715(v)s 6(alues)k 1367(may)s 1830(be)s 2108(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2685(to)s 2920(the)s 3264(right)s 3772(parameter)s 4782(of)s 220 fnt2 5050 12628(&&)m 240 fnt1 5338 12631(:)m 220 fnt2 5500 12628(preceding)m 240 fnt1 6451 12631(,)m 220 fnt2 6555 12628(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 7385 12631(,)m 7488(and)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_5 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_6 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 7888 12628(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt1 9022 12631(.)m 0 12343(The)m 467(cross)s 1049(reference)s 220 fnt2 2032 12340(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&preceding)k 240 fnt1 4116 12343(points)m 4792(to)s 5071(some)s 5671(table)s 6231(appearing)s 7267(earlier)s 7975(in)s 8258(the)s 8646(\207nal)s 0 12055(printed)m 760(document)s 1790(than)s 2285(itself;)s 2899(that)s 3343(is,)s 3635(the)s 4009(arro)s 6(w)k 4640(is)s 4876(guaranteed)s 6009(to)s 6274(point)s 6852(backw)s 2(ards)k 7950(through)s 8778(the)s 0 11767(document.)m 1108(Usually)s 1907(it)s 2100(points)s 2737(to)s 2977(the)s 3326(nearest)s 4063(preceding)s 5060(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation.)k 6222(Similarly)s 15(,)k 220 fnt2 7203 11764(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 0 11479(points)m 636(forw)s 2(ards,)k 1590(usually)s 2335(to)s 2574(the)s 2922(nearest)s 3657(follo)s 6(wing)k 4634(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation.)k 220 fnt2 5795 11476(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&f)k 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt1 8022 11479(is)m 8232(the)s 8579(same)s 0 11191(as)m 220 fnt2 250 11188(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 2173 11191(if)m 2390(it)s 2582(e)s 3(xists,)k 3230(otherwise)s 4215(it)s 4407(is)s 4617(the)s 4965(same)s 5512(as)s 220 fnt2 5762 11188(@T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&preceding)k 240 fnt1 7746 11191(.)m 480 10817(This)m 962(section)s 1702(has)s 2079(been)s 2594(concerned)s 3641(with)s 4130(what)s 4661(a)s 4834(cross)s 5382(reference)s 6331(is)s 6548(\211)s 6734(an)s 7023(arro)s 6(w)k 7635(from)s 8165(one)s 8574(point)s 0 10529(in)m 242(a)s 407(document)s 1410(to)s 1648(another)s 2424(\211)s 2603(b)s 4(ut)k 2963(not)s 3328(with)s 3809(ho)s 6(w)k 4269(it)s 4460(is)s 4669(used.)s 5271(One)s 5724(simple)s 6416(w)s 2(ay)k 6866(to)s 7104(use)s 7478(a)s 7643(cross)s 8183(reference)s 0 10241(is)m 210(to)s 449(put)s 815(it)s 1007(where)s 1647(an)s 1930(object)s 2574(is)s 2784(e)s 3(xpected,)k 3738(lik)s 2(e)k 4150(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 9740(a | @T)m 26(ab)k 4(le&&cities | c)k 240 fnt1 0 9285(In)m 265(this)s 670(case)s 1146(the)s 1504(cross)s 2055(reference)s 3007(will)s 3443(be)s 3734(replaced)s 4610(by)s 4914(a)s 5089(cop)s 2(y)k 5616(of)s 5897(the)s 6254(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7317(it)s 7519(points)s 8164(to:)s 8525(in)s 8778(the)s 0 8997(e)m 3(xample)k 866(just)s 1275(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 1909(a)s 2079(table)s 2603(will)s 3033(appear)s 3734(between)s 220 fnt2 4591 8994(a)m 240 fnt1 4772 8997(and)m 220 fnt2 5180 8994(c.)m 240 fnt1 5456 8997(Other)m 6064(applications)s 7274(of)s 7549(cross)s 8095(references)s 0 8709(may)m 466(be)s 747(found)s 1364(in)s 1606(Chapter)s 2423(4,)s 2649(including)s 3606(\207nding)s 4337(the)s 4685(number)s 5475(of)s 5746(the)s 6093(page)s 6601(where)s 7240(something)s 8289(appears,)s 0 8421(producing)m 1018(running)s 1810(page)s 2312(headers)s 3086(and)s 3484(footers,)s 4248(and)s 4646(accessing)s 5608(databases)s 6569(of)s 6834(Roman)s 7577(numerals,)s 8553(refer)s 4(-)k 0 8133(ences,)m 638(etc.)s 1080(Cross)s 1676(references)s 2707(are)s 3054(also)s 3492(used)s 3989(by)s 4283(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 5063(as)s 5313(will)s 5739(be)s 6021(e)s 3(xplained)k 7006(in)s 7249(the)s 7597(ne)s 3(xt)k 8066(section.)s 480 7759(The)m 943(implementation)s 2535(of)s 2841(cross)s 3418(referencing)s 4593(copies)s 5290(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5901(symbol)s 6696(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7785(with)s 8302(a)s 220 fnt2 8503 7756(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 0 7471(parameter)m 1008(into)s 1427(the)s 240 fnt6 1768 7473(cr)m 10(oss-r)k 8(efer)k 8(ence)k 3275(database)s 240 fnt1 4133 7471(,)m 4233(a)s 4393(collection)s 5385(of)s 5650(\207les)s 6093(whose)s 6754(names)s 7410(end)s 7807(in)s 220 fnt2 8044 7468(.ld)m 240 fnt1 8316 7471(inde)m 3(x)k 3(ed)k 0 7183(by)m 286(one)s 679(\207le)s 1032(whose)s 1691(name)s 2256(is)s 220 fnt2 2458 7180(lout.li)m 240 fnt1 2954 7183(.)m 3109(It)s 3306(is)s 3507(generally)s 4441(the)s 4781(case)s 5239(that)s 5649(the)s 5988(b)s 4(ulk)k 6462(content)s 7218(of)s 7480(a)s 7638(symbol)s 8389(such)s 8876(as)s 0 6895(the)m 337(table)s 845(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 1455(is)s 1653(contained)s 2629(in)s 2860(its)s 3124(right)s 3623(or)s 3870(body)s 4393(parameter)s 9(,)k 5433(and)s 5825(that)s 6231(this)s 6615(b)s 4(ulk)k 7086(content)s 7838(is)s 8036(not)s 8390(needed)s 0 6607(by)m 297(cross)s 843(references)s 1878(to)s 2121(the)s 2472(symbol.)s 3345(Hence,)s 4067(to)s 4310(sa)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4787(space)s 5378(in)s 5625(the)s 5977(database,)s 6910(Lout)s 7426(replaces)s 8263(the)s 8615(right)s 0 6319(parameter)m 1011(of)s 1279(each)s 1771(symbol)s 2527(it)s 2716(writes)s 3347(into)s 3768(it)s 3957(by)s 4248(the)s 4592(w)s 2(ord)k 5137(???)s 5505(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 6482(the)s 6827(right)s 7335(parameter)s 8345(appears)s 0 6031(to)m 249(be)s 542(lar)s 4(ge.)k 1190(The)s 1629(table)s 2160(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2792(w)s 2(ould)k 3458(appear)s 4166(as)s 4427(???)s 4809(because)s 5632(of)s 5914(this)s 6321(optimization,)s 7647(and)s 8062(in)s 8316(general,)s 0 5743(the)m 367(user)s 845(must)s 1390(ensure)s 2089(that)s 2527(an)s 3(y)k 2944(content)s 3728(required)s 4601(by)s 4915(cross)s 5477(references)s 6527(is)s 6757(contained)s 7765(in)s 8028(parameters)s 0 5455(other)m 545(than)s 1007(the)s 1348(right)s 1852(or)s 2104(body)s 2631(parameter)s 13(.)k 3729(This)s 4199(optimization)s 5457(does)s 5940(not)s 6299(apply)s 6878(when)s 7447(the)s 7788(symbol)s 8541(being)s 0 5167(written)m 733(into)s 1158(the)s 1506(cross-reference)s 3019(database)s 3898(is)s 4108(a)s 4274(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 240 fnt5 0 4374(1.4.)m 471(Galleys)s [ /Dest /LOUTgalleys /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 3897(It)m 695(is)s 915(time)s 1406(to)s 1655(pause)s 2267(and)s 2681(ask)s 3072(ourselv)s 3(es)k 4033(ho)s 6(w)k 4505(close)s 5062(we)s 5408(are)s 5765(to)s 6015(achie)s 6(ving)k 7002(our)s 7392(aim)s 7820(of)s 8102(producing)s 0 3609(neatly)m 638(formatted)s 1624(documents.)s 2825(W)s 19(e)k 3194(can)s 3583(certainly)s 4472(produce)s 5299(the)s 5647(pieces)s 6295(of)s 6566(a)s 6732(document:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 10 16 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(10)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 160 fnt5 870 13031(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1626 13103(1)m 160 fnt1 480 12739(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 12559(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 12379(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k 480 12199(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 12019(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1446(composer)s 480 11839(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s 1967(is)s 480 11659(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k 1940(as)s 480 11479(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 11299(natural;)m 1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 11119(students)m 1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 10939(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1947(to)s 480 10759(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s 480 10579(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 10399(considered)m 1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 10166(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s 1967(is)s 480 9986(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k 1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 9806(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s 1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 9626(of)m 717(the)s 1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 9446(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 9266(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 9086(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k 128 fnt1 2634 13283(1)m 160 fnt1 2685 13211(Blom,)m 3107(Eric.)s 160 fnt6 3476 13212(Some)m 3852(Gr)s 5(eat)k 2634 13032(Composer)m 1(s.)k 160 fnt1 3728 13031(Oxford,)m 2634 12851(1944.)m gsave 4788 10874 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore gsave 4788 8380 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore gsave 4788 5886 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore 160 fnt2 4788 5656(@P)m 6(ageList)k 240 fnt1 0 5170(b)m 4(ut)k 362(when)s 938(we)s 1273(try)s 1592(to)s 1831(mer)s 4(ge)k 2480(them)s 3018(together)s 9(,)k 3899(we)s 4234(encounter)s 5237(tw)s 2(o)k 5647(obstacles.)s 480 4796(First,)m 1029(when)s 1610(an)s 1899(object)s 2548(is)s 2763(entered)s 3530(at)s 3767(a)s 3938(certain)s 4650(place)s 5215(in)s 5463(the)s 5817(document,)s 6873(it)s 7070(appears)s 7857(at)s 8094(that)s 8518(place.)s 0 4508(But)m 393(a)s 546(footnote)s 1385(is)s 1582(naturally)s 2472(entered)s 3219(immediately)s 4454(after)s 4936(the)s 5271(point)s 5810(it)s 5988(refers)s 6568(to)s 6794(\(`)s 200 fnt1 6934 4517(PURCELL)m 240 fnt1 7819 4508(')m 7917(in)s 8147(this)s 8529(case\),)s 0 4220(yet)m 352(it)s 544(appears)s 1325(some)s 6(where)k 2464(else:)s 2941(at)s 3173(the)s 3521(bottom)s 4259(of)s 4530(a)s 4696(page.)s 480 3846(Second,)m 1285(all)s 1570(our)s 1942(features)s 2740(b)s 4(uild)k 3278(up)s 3564(lar)s 4(ger)k 4168(objects)s 4889(out)s 5247(of)s 5510(smaller)s 6265(ones,)s 6803(b)s 4(ut)k 7158(the)s 200 fnt1 7498 3855(PURCELL)m 240 fnt1 8435 3846(object,)m 0 3558(for)m 333(e)s 3(xample,)k 1242(must)s 1762(be)s 2039(brok)s 2(en)k 2753(do)s 6(wn)k 3332(into)s 3752(page-sized)s 4827(pieces.)s 5583(This)s 6053(occurs)s 6723(when)s 7294(the)s 7637(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8539(space)s 0 3270(at)m 230(the)s 575(`some)s 6(where)k 1790(else')s 2270(is)s 2477(insuf\207cient)s 3610(to)s 3846(hold)s 4327(the)s 4672(entire)s 5268(object,)s 5957(so)s 6220(this)s 6613(second)s 7333(obstacle)s 8169(arises)s 8760(out)s 0 2982(of)m 271(the)s 619(\207rst.)s 480 2608(Lout')m 13(s)k 1135(last)s 1518(major)s 2127(feature,)s 2888(which)s 3523(we)s 3850(introduce)s 4801(to)s 5032(o)s 3(v)k 3(ercome)k 6017(these)s 6557(obstacles,)s 7532(is)s 7734(the)s 240 fnt6 8074 2610(galle)m 7(y)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 8699 2608(\(the)m 0 2320(name)m 564(is)s 764(borro)s 6(wed)k 1723(from)s 2237(the)s 2575(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3288(used)s 3775(in)s 4008(manual)s 4757(typesetting\).)s 6039(A)s 6259(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6882(is)s 7082(an)s 7355(object)s 7989(plus)s 8429(a)s 8584(cross)s 0 2032(reference)m 943(which)s 1585(points)s 2221(to)s 2460(where)s 3100(the)s 3448(object)s 4092(is)s 4302(to)s 4541(appear)s 13(.)k 5329(The)s 5757(e)s 3(xample)k 6620(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 7242(has)s 7612(three)s 8145(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys:)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 11 17 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(1.4.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(11)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 160 fnt5 870 12975(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1626 13047(1)m 160 fnt1 480 12683(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 12503(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 12323(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k 480 12143(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 11963(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1446(composer)s 480 11783(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s 1967(is)s 480 11603(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k 1940(as)s 480 11423(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 11243(natural;)m 1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 11063(students)m 1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 10883(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1947(to)s 480 10703(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s 480 10523(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 10343(considered)m 1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 10110(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s 1967(is)s 480 9930(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k 1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 9750(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s 1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 9570(of)m 717(the)s 1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 9390(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 9210(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 9030(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave 3321 13053 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1134 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 3201 10788 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore gsave 3201 8294 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore gsave 3201 5800 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore 160 fnt2 3201 5570(@P)m 6(ageList)k gsave 6688 13282 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore 200 fnt6 6748 13238(to)m 6947(printer)s gsave 4335 11036 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 4335 11036 translate 240 fnt1 963 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 4335 11036 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 128 fnt1 5418 11072(1)m 160 fnt1 5469 11000(Blom,)m 5891(Eric.)s 160 fnt6 6260 11001(Some)m 6636(Gr)s 5(eat)k 5418 10821(Composer)m 1(s.)k 160 fnt1 6512 10820(Oxford,)m 5418 10640(1944.)m 240 fnt1 0 5084(A)m 229(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 861(replaces)s 1693(the)s 2039(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3091(pointed)s 3866(to)s 4103(by)s 4395(its)s 4670(cross)s 5210(reference.)s 6260(If)s 6488(space)s 7073(is)s 7282(not)s 7646(suf\207cient)s 8593(there)s 0 4796(to)m 232(hold)s 708(it)s 892(all,)s 1230(the)s 1570(remainder)s 2590(of)s 2854(the)s 3194(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3820(is)s 4023(split)s 4486(of)s 6(f)k 4822(\(the)s 5242(v)s 3(ertical)k 6001(concatenation)s 7378(symbol)s 8130(preceding)s 0 4508(it)m 199(being)s 791(discarded\))s 1842(and)s 2253(it)s 2452(replaces)s 3293(later)s 3783(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 4931(of)s 5209(the)s 5564(same)s 6119(symbol.)s 6935(This)s 7418(is)s 7635(e)s 3(xactly)k 8383(what)s 8916(is)s 0 4220(required)m 854(to)s 1093(get)s 1445(te)s 3(xt)k 1860(and)s 2264(footnotes)s 3205(onto)s 3684(pages.)s 480 3846(T)m 19(o)k 780(create)s 1405(a)s 1571(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2243(\207rst)s 2674(de\207ne)s 3315(a)s 3481(symbol)s 4241(with)s 4723(a)s 4889(special)s 220 fnt2 5607 3843(into)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 6013 3846(clause,)m 6717(lik)s 2(e)k 7129(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 3345(def @F)m 6(ootNote into { @F)k 6(ootPlace&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k 480 3057( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 2769({)m 480 2481( 8p @F)m 6(ont x)k 480 2193(})m 240 fnt1 0 1699(An)m 343(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1390(of)s 1654(such)s 2142(a)s 2301(symbol)s 3054(will)s 3473(then)s 3934(be)s 4209(a)s 4368(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4994(whose)s 5655(object)s 6292(is)s 6495(the)s 6835(result)s 7418(of)s 7682(the)s 8022(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation,)k 0 1411(and)m 399(whose)s 1062(cross)s 1598(reference)s 2536(is)s 2740(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3315(by)s 3603(the)s 220 fnt2 3946 1408(into)m 240 fnt1 4347 1411(clause.)m 5102(The)s 5525(right)s 6030(parameter)s 7039(of)s 7304(the)s 7647(cross)s 8183(reference)s 0 1123(must)m 525(be)s 807(one)s 1209(of)s 220 fnt2 1480 1120(preceding)m 240 fnt1 2431 1123(,)m 220 fnt2 2538 1120(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 3368 1123(,)m 3475(and)s 220 fnt2 3879 1120(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt1 5013 1123(.)m 480 749(A)m 700(symbol,)s 1502(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 1903 746(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 3(,)k 240 fnt1 3196 749(which)m 3827(is)s 4027(the)s 240 fnt6 4364 751(tar)m 8(g)k 2(et)k 240 fnt1 4979 749(of)m 5239(a)s 5395(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark 6056(must)s 6571(contain)s 7321(the)s 7659(special)s 8366(symbol)s 220 fnt2 0 458(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 898 461(e)m 3(xactly)k 1639(once)s 2147(in)s 2390(its)s 2666(body;)s 3258(often)s 3806(this)s 4202(is)s 4412(all)s 4705(that)s 5123(the)s 5471(body)s 6005(contains:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 12 18 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(12)m 240 fnt6 8382 -1580(Chapter)m 9232(1.)s 9506(Principles)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(def @F)m 6(ootPlace { @Galle)k 4(y })k 240 fnt1 0 12709(It)m 229(is)s 464(this)s 885(special)s 1628(symbol)s 2412(that)s 2855(is)s 3090(replaced)s 3982(by)s 4300(the)s 4673(incoming)s 5655(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 6352(in)s 6619(f)s 2(act,)k 7106(not)s 7497(the)s 220 fnt2 7870 12706(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt1 0 12421(symbol)m 760(as)s 1010(a)s 1176(whole.)s 480 12047(A)m 718(symbol)s 1487(which)s 2138(contains)s 220 fnt2 2994 12044(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 3832 12047(,)m 3948(either)s 4560(directly)s 5351(within)s 6028(its)s 6313(body)s 6855(or)s 7123(indirectly)s 8101(within)s 8778(the)s 0 11759(body)m 533(of)s 802(a)s 966(symbol)s 1725(it)s 1915(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es,)k 2750(is)s 2959(called)s 3585(a)s 240 fnt6 3749 11761(r)m 8(eceptive)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4668 11759(symbol,)m 5478(meaning)s 6353(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7274(to)s 7511(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 220 fnt2 8346 11756(@F)m 6(oot-)k 0 11468(Place)m 240 fnt1 630 11471(is)m 870(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k 1873(which)s 2545(mak)s 2(es)k 220 fnt2 3235 11468(@F)m 6(ootList,)k 4364(@F)s 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 5545 11471(and)m 220 fnt2 5979 11468(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7133 11471(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 8085(since)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 11183(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k 220 fnt2 704 11180(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 3(.)k 240 fnt1 2078 11183(If)m 2319(no)s 2623(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3268(replaces)s 4112(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt2 4520 11180(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 5429 11183(within)m 6108(some)s 6680(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7745(of)s 8027(a)s 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 10895(symbol,)m 816(that)s 1239(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2297(is)s 2512(replaced)s 3383(by)s 220 fnt2 3682 10892(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4267 10895(.)m 4435(The)s 4868(adv)s 6(antages)k 5980(of)s 6256(this)s 6656(rule)s 7088(for)s 7430(page)s 7943(layout)s 8606(were)s 0 10607(e)m 3(xplained)k 985(at)s 1217(the)s 1565(end)s 1969(of)s 2240(Section)s 3014(1.2.)s 480 10233(Let)m 852(us)s 1109(no)s 6(w)k 1563(follo)s 6(w)k 2228(through)s 3023(the)s 3364(construction)s 4596(of)s 4861(our)s 5233(e)s 3(xample)k 6089(document.)s 7190(Initially)s 7992(there)s 8518(is)s 8721(just)s 0 9945(the)m 348(one)s 240 fnt6 750 9947(r)m 10(oot)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1203 9945(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 1875(containing)s 2938(an)s 3221(une)s 3(xpanded)k 4434(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5488(of)s 220 fnt2 5759 9942(@P)m 8(ageList:)k 180 fnt2 3315 9473(@P)m 7(ageList)k gsave 5746 9519 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore 200 fnt6 5806 9475(to)m 6005(printer)s 240 fnt1 0 8982(Then)m 602(the)s 200 fnt1 1004 8991(PURCELL)m 240 fnt1 2002 8982(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2690(appears,)s 3580(tar)s 4(geted)k 4457(to)s 4750(a)s 220 fnt2 4969 8979(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 3(.)k 240 fnt1 6348 8982(Lout)m 6913(kno)s 6(ws)k 7638(that)s 8109(there)s 8696(is)s 8960(a)s 220 fnt2 0 8691(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 1218 8694(hidden)m 1927(inside)s 220 fnt2 2554 8691(@P)m 8(ageList,)k 240 fnt1 3724 8694(so)m 3990(it)s 4182(e)s 3(xpands)k 220 fnt2 5015 8691(@P)m 8(ageList:)k 160 fnt5 870 7961(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1626 8033(1)m 160 fnt1 480 7669(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 7489(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 7309(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k 480 7129(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 6949(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1446(composer)s 480 6769(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s 1967(is)s 480 6589(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k 1940(as)s 480 6409(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 6229(natural;)m 1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 6049(students)m 1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 5869(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1947(to)s 480 5689(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s 480 5509(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 5329(considered)m 1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 5096(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s 1967(is)s 480 4916(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k 1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 4736(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s 1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 4556(of)m 717(the)s 1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 4376(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 4196(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 4016(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave 3434 8039 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1247 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 3315 5774 translate 220 fnt2 1927 2494 0 2494 220 288 61 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt2 170 2207(@T)m 19(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore 160 fnt2 3315 5544(@P)m 6(ageList)k gsave 6802 8268 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore 200 fnt6 6862 8224(to)m 7061(printer)s 240 fnt1 0 3531(After)m 586(promoting)s 1659(the)s 2030(\207rst)s 2484(line)s 2922(into)s 220 fnt2 3370 3528(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 3(,)k 240 fnt1 4658 3531(the)m 5029(footnote)s 5905(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6563(attached)s 7440(to)s 7702(it)s 7917(appears)s 8722(and)s 0 3243(demands)m 938(an)s 1257(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2347(of)s 220 fnt2 2654 3240(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt1 3946 3243(follo)m 6(wing)k 4960(its)s 5272(attachment)s 6416(point)s 7004(\(`)s 200 fnt1 7144 3252(PURCELL)m 240 fnt1 8029 3243('\).)m 8387(Such)s 8960(a)s 220 fnt2 0 2952(@F)m 6(ootPlace)k 240 fnt1 1274 2955(is)m 1502(found)s 2138(at)s 2388(the)s 2754(bottom)s 3511(of)s 3800(the)s 4166(\207rst)s 4616(page,)s 5193(inside)s 220 fnt2 5838 2952(@F)m 6(ootSect,)k 240 fnt1 7054 2955(which)m 7714(is)s 7943(accordingly)s 0 2667(e)m 3(xpanded,)k 1022(and)s 1426(the)s 1774(footnote)s 2627(is)s 2837(promoted)s 3812(onto)s 4291(the)s 4639(page:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 13 19 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(1.4.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(13)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 160 fnt1 480 12579(In)m 705(the)s 991(w)s 1(orld)k 1455(of)s 1691(music)s 480 12399(England)m 1192(is)s 1473(supposed)s 480 12219(to)m 686(be)s 921(a)s 1078(mere)s 1481(pro)s 2(vince.)k 480 12039(If)m 775(she)s 1166(produces)s 1918(an)s 480 11859(indif)m 4(ferent)k 1446(composer)s 480 11679(or)m 763(performer)s 6(,)k 1577(that)s 1967(is)s 480 11499(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k 1940(as)s 480 11319(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 11139(natural;)m 1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 10959(students)m 1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 10779(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1947(to)s 480 10599(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s 480 10419(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 10239(considered)m 1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 10006(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s 1967(is)s 480 9826(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k 1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 9646(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s 1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 9466(of)m 717(the)s 1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 9286(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 9106(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 8926(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave 3434 12615 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1247 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 3315 10788 translate 240 fnt1 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt5 560 1987(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1316 2059(1)m 140 fnt2 170 1807(@T)m 16(e)k 4(xtPlace)k gsave 170 924 translate 160 fnt1 567 0 0 0 160 180 40 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore 128 fnt1 170 785(1)m 160 fnt1 221 713(Blom,)m 703(Eric.)s 160 fnt6 1133 714(Some)m 170 534(Gr)m 5(eat)k 734(Composer)s 1(s.)k 160 fnt1 170 353(Oxford,)m 703(1944.)s 140 fnt2 170 173(@F)m 4(ootList)k grestore 140 fnt2 3315 10573(@P)m 5(ageList)k gsave 6802 13282 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore 200 fnt6 6862 13238(to)m 7061(printer)s 240 fnt1 0 8441(No)m 6(w)k 512(the)s 858(promotion)s 1910(of)s 2179(the)s 200 fnt1 2525 8450(PURCELL)m 240 fnt1 3468 8441(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4100(resumes.)s 5045(When)s 5672(the)s 6018(\207rst)s 6447(page)s 6953(is)s 7161(\207lled,)s 7757(Lout)s 8266(searches)s 0 8153(forw)m 2(ards)k 898(for)s 1236(another)s 220 fnt2 2013 8150(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 3231 8153(to)m 3470(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4206(the)s 4554(remainder)s 9(,)k 5620(once)s 6128(ag)s 1(ain)k 6702(e)s 3(xpanding)k 7750(a)s 220 fnt2 7916 8150(@P)m 8(ageList:)k 160 fnt1 480 4955(performer)m 6(,)k 1436(that)s 1967(is)s 480 4775(re)m 2(garded)k 1172(else)s 4(where)k 1940(as)s 480 4595(perfectly)m 1215(normal)s 1837(and)s 480 4415(natural;)m 1072(b)s 3(ut)k 1388(if)s 1608(foreign)s 480 4235(students)m 1215(of)s 1574(musical)s 480 4055(history)m 1286(ha)s 3(v)k 2(e)k 1947(to)s 480 3875(ackno)m 4(wledge)k 1440(a)s 1636(British)s 480 3695(musical)m 1105(genius,)s 1686(he)s 1967(is)s 480 3515(considered)m 1211(a)s 1322(freak.)s 800 3282(Such)m 1267(a)s 1488(freak)s 1967(is)s 480 3102(Henry)m 917(Purcell.)s 1480(Y)s 16(et)k 1736(if)s 1884(we)s 480 2922(mak)m 1(e)k 875(a)s 1000(choice)s 1467(of)s 1662(\207fteen)s 480 2742(of)m 717(the)s 1005(w)s 1(orld')k 8(s)k 1574(musical)s 480 2562(classics,)m 1050(as)s 1228(here,)s 1586(we)s 1820(\207nd)s 480 2382(that)m 774(we)s 1013(cannot)s 1495(omit)s 1843(this)s 480 2202(English)m 1005(master)s 8(.)k gsave 3434 4991 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1247 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 3315 5233 translate 240 fnt1 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 160 fnt5 560 1987(PURCELL)m 128 fnt1 1316 2059(1)m 160 fnt1 170 1695(In)m 341(the)s 573(w)s 1(orld)k 983(of)s 1164(music)s 170 1515(England)m 741(is)s 881(supposed)s 1515(to)s 170 1335(be)m 358(a)s 469(mere)s 825(pro)s 2(vince.)k 1491(If)s 170 1155(she)m 708(produces)s 1608(an)s 170 975(indif)m 4(ferent)k 879(composer)s 1540(or)s 567 0 0 0 160 180 40 170 763 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore 128 fnt1 170 624(1)m 160 fnt1 221 552(Blom,)m 703(Eric.)s 160 fnt6 1133 553(Some)m 170 373(Gr)m 5(eat)k 734(Composer)s 1(s.)k 160 fnt1 170 192(Oxford,)m 703(1944.)s grestore gsave 3315 2739 translate 240 fnt1 1927 2494 0 2494 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 140 fnt2 170 2222(@T)m 16(e)k 4(xtPlace)k 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k grestore 140 fnt2 3315 2524(@P)m 5(ageList)k gsave 6802 7727 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 1440 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 240 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore 200 fnt6 6862 7683(to)m 7061(printer)s 240 fnt1 0 1717(and)m 404(so)s 671(on.)s 1076(All)s 1437(these)s 1985(e)s 3(xpansions)k 3098(and)s 3503(replacements)s 4814(are)s 5162(done)s 5685(with)s 6168(total)s 6648(inte)s 3(grity)k 15(.)k 7604(F)s 3(or)k 7994(e)s 3(xample,)k 8909(if)s 0 1429(Lout)m 510(\207nds)s 1024(after)s 1517(e)s 3(xpanding)k 220 fnt2 2563 1426(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 3711 1429(that)m 4126(the)s 4472(page)s 4977(is)s 5184(too)s 5541(full)s 5924(to)s 6160(accept)s 6828(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7325(the)s 7670(\207rst)s 8099(line)s 8510(of)s 8778(the)s 0 1141(footnote,)m 220 fnt2 915 1138(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 2077 1141(is)m 2298(reset)s 2819(to)s 3070(une)s 3(xpanded)k 4294(and)s 4709(the)s 5068(search)s 5746(for)s 6096(a)s 6273(tar)s 4(get)k 6883(for)s 7232(the)s 7591(footnote)s 8456(mo)s 3(v)k 3(es)k 0 853(on.)m 396(And)s 858(the)s 1197(cross)s 1730(reference)s 2664(direction,)s 220 fnt2 3611 850(preceding)m 240 fnt1 4613 853(or)m 220 fnt2 4864 850(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing,)k 240 fnt1 5799 853(is)m 6000(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 6702(obe)s 3(yed)k 7440(\(although)s 8405(lack)s 8855(of)s 0 565(space)m 586(sometimes)s 1658(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ents)k 2509(Lout)s 3020(from)s 3543(choosing)s 4460(the)s 4807(nearest)s 5542(tar)s 4(get\).)k 6323(Only)s 6855(the)s 7202(root)s 7646(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8278(contains)s 0 277(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 922(symbols)s 1771(in)s 2014(our)s 2393(running)s 3191(e)s 3(xample,)k 4105(b)s 4(ut)k 4467(an)s 3(y)k 4864(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5498(may)s 5964(contain)s 6725(them.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 14 20 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -14867 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13450 0 13450 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12399(Chapter)m 1819(2.)s 2400(Details)s [ /Dest /LOUTdetails /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 11134(2.1.)m 471(Lexical)s 1270(structur)s 4(e)k 2263(\(w)s 2(ords,)k 3079(spaces,)s 3844(symbols\))s 4796(and)s 5237(macr)s 4(os)k [ /Dest /LOUTlexical /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 10657(The)m 902(input)s 1447(to)s 1679(Lout)s 2184(consists)s 2985(of)s 3249(a)s 3408(sequence)s 4334(of)s 240 fnt6 4598 10659(te)m 4(xtual)k 5297(units)s 240 fnt1 5757 10657(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_1 /DEST pdfmark 5857(which)s 6492(may)s 6951(be)s 7226(either)s 240 fnt6 7822 10659(white)m 8386(spaces)s 240 fnt1 9019 10657(,)m 240 fnt6 0 10371(identi\207er)m 2(s,)k 1047(delimiter)s 2(s,)k 240 fnt1 2093 10369(or)m 240 fnt6 2352 10371(liter)m 3(al)k 2992(wor)s 8(ds)k 240 fnt1 3565 10369(.)m 3729(Each)s 4264(is)s 4474(a)s 4640(sequence)s 5573(of)s 240 fnt6 5844 10371(c)m 3(har)k 3(acter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 6914 10369(chosen)m 7636(from:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_3 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_4 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_5 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_6 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_7 /DEST pdfmark 480 9831(letter)m 220 fnt2 1934 9828(@ab-zAB-Z_)m 240 fnt1 480 9543(white)m 1067(space)s 240 fnt6 1934 9545(space)m 2592(formfeed)s 3568(tab)s 3988(ne)s 3(wline)k 240 fnt1 480 9255(quote)m 220 fnt2 1934 9252(")m 240 fnt1 480 8967(escape)m 220 fnt2 1934 8964(\\)m 240 fnt1 480 8679(comment)m 220 fnt2 1934 8676(#)m 240 fnt1 480 8391(other)m 220 fnt2 1934 8388(!$%&'\(\)*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?[]^`{|}~)m 240 fnt1 0 7850(Notice)m 732(that)s 220 fnt2 1189 7847(@)m 240 fnt1 1480 7850(and)m 220 fnt2 1923 7847(_)m 240 fnt1 2144 7850(are)m 2531(classed)s 3318(as)s 3608(letters.)s 4393(Basser)s 5129(Lout)s 5681(accepts)s 6474(the)s 6861(accented)s 7795(letters)s 8467(of)s 8778(the)s 0 7562(ISO-LA)m 26(TIN-1)k 1421(character)s 2388(set)s 2746(\(depending)s 3909(on)s 4238(ho)s 6(w)k 4732(it)s 4957(is)s 5200(installed\),)s 6228(and)s 6664(these)s 7244(are)s 7624(also)s 8095(classed)s 8876(as)s 0 7274(letters.)m 756(The)s 1195(ten)s 1555(digits)s 2148(are)s 2505(classed)s 3264(as)s 3525(`other')s 4218(characters,)s 5302(and)s 5717(in)s 5971(f)s 2(act)k 6397(the)s 6755(`other')s 7448(class)s 7974(contains)s 8833(all)s 0 6986(8-bit)m 511(characters)s 1529(\(e)s 3(xcept)k 2289(octal)s 2808(0\))s 3056(not)s 3422(assigned)s 4304(to)s 4543(pre)s 6(vious)k 5412(classes.)s 480 6612(A)m 240 fnt6 698 6614(white)m 1256(space)s 240 fnt1 1841 6612(is)m 2038(a)s 2191(sequence)s 3111(of)s 3369(one)s 3758(or)s 4005(more)s 4539(white)s 5113(space)s 5687(characters.)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_8 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_9 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_10 /DEST pdfmark 6805(Lout)s 7304(treats)s 7858(the)s 8193(formfeed)s 0 6324(character)m 931(e)s 3(xactly)k 1668(lik)s 2(e)k 2076(the)s 2420(space)s 3003(character;)s 3985(it)s 4173(is)s 4379(useful)s 5014(for)s 5348(getting)s 6061(page)s 6565(breaks)s 7236(when)s 7808(printing)s 8614(Lout)s 0 6036(source)m 680(code.)s 480 5662(A)m 240 fnt6 709 5664(delimiter)m 240 fnt1 1635 5662(is)m 1844(a)s 2009(sequence)s 2941(of)s 3211(one)s 3612(or)s 3870(more)s 4415(`other')s 5096(characters)s 6113(which)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_11 /DEST pdfmark 6754(is)s 6963(the)s 7310(name)s 7883(of)s 8153(a)s 8317(symbol.)s 0 5374(F)m 3(or)k 417(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 1360 5371({)m 240 fnt1 1512 5374(and)m 220 fnt2 1945 5371(//)m 240 fnt1 2159 5374(are)m 2534(delimiters.)s 3681(When)s 4338(de\207ning)s 5205(a)s 5400(delimiter)s 9(,)k 6387(the)s 6764(name)s 7366(must)s 7920(be)s 8231(enclosed)s 0 5086(in)m 243(quotes:)s 220 fnt2 480 4587(def "^" { {} ^& {} })m 240 fnt1 0 4093(b)m 4(ut)k 361(quotes)s 1036(are)s 1381(not)s 1746(used)s 2242(when)s 2816(the)s 3163(delimiter)s 4082(is)s 4291(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k 5211(A)s 5439(delimiter)s 6359(may)s 6824(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7323(delimiters)s 8327(and)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 3805(other)m 558(characters)s 1584(adjacent,)s 2495(whereas)s 3337(identi\207ers)s 4351(may)s 4825(not)s 5199(be)s 5489(adjacent)s 6353(to)s 6600(letters)s 7241(or)s 7508(other)s 8067(identi\207ers.)s 0 3517(The)m 428(complete)s 1360(list)s 1711(of)s 1982(prede\207ned)s 3050(delimiters)s 4055(is)s 220 fnt2 480 3016(/)m 480 2728(//)m 480 2440(^/)m 480 2152(^//)m 1727 3016(|)m 1727 2728(||)m 1727 2440(^|)m 1727 2152(^||)m 2974 3016(&)m 2974 2728(^&)m 4221 3016(&&)m 4221 2728({)m 4221 2440(})m 240 fnt1 0 1697(A)m 230(longer)s 901(delimiter)s 1822(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 2234 1694(<=)m 240 fnt1 2542 1697(will)m 2968(be)s 3250(recognised)s 4344(in)s 4587(preference)s 5650(to)s 5889(a)s 6055(shorter)s 6778(one)s 7180(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 7592 1694(<)m 240 fnt1 7710 1697(.)m 480 1323(An)m 240 fnt6 855 1325(identi\207er)m 240 fnt1 1808 1323(is)m 2043(a)s 2234(sequence)s 3192(of)s 3488(one)s 3915(or)s 4199(more)s 4772(letters)s 5430(which)s 6097(is)s 6332(the)s 6705(name)s 7304(of)s 7600(a)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_12 /DEST pdfmark 7791(symbol.)s 8685(It)s 8916(is)s 0 1035(con)m 9(v)k 3(entional)k 1308(b)s 4(ut)k 1700(not)s 2096(essential)s 3003(to)s 3272(be)s 3(gin)k 3888(identi\207ers)s 4924(with)s 220 fnt2 5436 1032(@)m 240 fnt1 5627 1035(;)m 5829(Basser)s 6556(Lout)s 7098(will)s 7554(print)s 8095(a)s 8291(w)s 2(arning)k 0 747(message)m 865(if)s 1081(it)s 1272(\207nds)s 1788(an)s 2070(unquoted)s 3019(literal)s 3628(w)s 2(ord)k 4175(\(see)s 4614(belo)s 6(w\))k 5320(be)s 3(ginning)k 6327(with)s 220 fnt2 6808 744(@)m 240 fnt1 6999 747(,)m 7105(since)s 7651(such)s 8146(w)s 2(ords)k 8779(are)s 0 459(usually)m 748(misspelt)s 1608(identi\207ers.)s 2730(The)s 3162(ten)s 3515(digits)s 4100(are)s 4451(not)s 4820(letters)s 5457(and)s 5865(may)s 6334(not)s 6704(appear)s 7404(in)s 7651(identi\207ers;)s 8722(and)s 0 171(although)m 890(the)s 1233(underscore)s 2333(character)s 3262(is)s 3467(a)s 3628(letter)s 4172(and)s 4570(may)s 5031(be)s 5308(used)s 5800(in)s 6038(identi\207ers,)s 7095(it)s 7282(is)s 7487(not)s 7847(con)s 9(v)k 3(entional)k grestore gsave 1417 -14867 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5856 -15423(14)m grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 15 21 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.1.)m 1871(Le)s 4(xical)k 2630(structur)s 8(e)k 3538(\(wor)s 8(ds,)k 4288(spaces,)s 5019(symbols\))s 5919(and)s 6345(macr)s 10(os)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(15)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(to)m 239(do)s 532(so.)s 909(The)s 1337(complete)s 2269(list)s 2620(of)s 2891(prede\207ned)s 3959(identi\207ers)s 4965(is)s 220 fnt2 150 12704(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 150 12416(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k 150 12128(@Begin)m 150 11840(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 150 11552(@Break)m 150 11264(@Case)m 150 10976(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 150 10688(@Common)m 150 10400(@Char)m 150 10112(@CurrF)m 11(ace)k 150 9824(@CurrF)m 11(amily)k 150 9536(@CurrLang)m 150 9248(@CurrYUnit)m 150 8960(@CurrZUnit)m 150 8672(@Database)m 150 8384(@Enclose)m 150 8096(@End)m 150 7808(@EndHeaderComponent)m 150 7520(@Filter)m 150 7232(@FilterErr)m 150 6944(@FilterIn)m 150 6656(@FilterOut)m 150 6368(@F)m 6(ont)k 150 6080(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 150 5792(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 150 5504(@Galle)m 4(y)k 150 5216(@GetConte)m 6(xt)k 150 4928(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 150 4640(@HAdjust)m 150 4352(@HContr)m 2(act)k 150 4064(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 150 3776(@HExpand)m 150 3488(@High)m 150 3200(@HLimited)m 150 2912(@HMirror)m 150 2624(@HScale)m 150 2336(@HShift)m 3031 12704(@HSpan)m 3031 12416(@Include)m 3031 12128(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 3031 11840(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 3031 11552(@Inser)m -8(t)k 3031 11264(@K)m 8(er)k -5(nShr)k -3(ink)k 3031 10976(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k 3031 10688(@Language)m 3031 10400(@LClos)m 3031 10112(@LEn)m 4(v)k 3031 9824(@LInput)m 3031 9536(@LUse)m 3031 9248(@LinkSource)m 3031 8960(@LinkDest)m 3031 8672(@Meld)m 3031 8384(@Merge)m 3031 8096(@Min)m 2(us)k 3031 7808(@Moment)m 3031 7520(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 3031 7232(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 3031 6944(@Null)m 3031 6656(@OneCol)m 3031 6368(@OneOf)m 3031 6080(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 3031 5792(@Open)m 3031 5504(@Optimiz)m 3(e)k 3031 5216(@Outline)m 3031 4928(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 3031 4640(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 3031 4352(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 3031 4064(@Plus)m 3031 3776(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 3031 3488(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim)k 3031 3200(@Rotate)m 3031 2912(@Rump)m 3031 2624(@Scale)m 3031 2336(@SetColor)m 5915 12704(@SetColour)m 5915 12416(@SetConte)m 6(xt)k 5915 12128(@SetHeaderComponent)m 5915 11840(@Space)m 5915 11552(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 5915 11264(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 5915 10976(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 5915 10688(@SysDatabase)m 5915 10400(@SysInclude)m 5915 10112(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 5915 9824(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 5915 9536(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 5915 9248(@T)m 26(ag)k 5915 8960(@T)m 26(agged)k 5915 8672(@T)m 26(arget)k 5915 8384(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 5915 8096(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 5915 7808(@Under)m -3(line)k 5915 7520(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColor)k 5915 7232(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 5915 6944(@Use)m 5915 6656(@URLLink)m 5915 6368(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 5915 6080(@VContr)m 2(act)k 5915 5792(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 5915 5504(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 5915 5216(@VExpand)m 5915 4928(@VLimited)m 5915 4640(@VMirror)m 5915 4352(@VScale)m 5915 4064(@VShift)m 5915 3776(@VSpan)m 5915 3488(@Wide)m 5915 3200(@Y)m 4(ield)k 5915 2912(@YUnit)m 5915 2624(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt1 0 1881(plus)m 498(the)s 894(names)s 1605(of)s 1924(the)s 2321(parameters)s 3467(of)s 220 fnt2 3786 1878(@Moment)m 240 fnt1 4798 1881(.)m 5011(The)s 5487(symbols)s 220 fnt2 6385 1878(@LClos)m 240 fnt1 7161 1881(,)m 220 fnt2 7316 1878(@LEn)m 4(v)k 240 fnt1 8034 1881(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_13 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_14 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_15 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_16 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_17 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 8190 1878(@LInput)m 240 fnt1 9019 1881(,)m 220 fnt2 0 1590(@L)m 24(Vis)k 240 fnt1 722 1593(and)m 220 fnt2 1170 1590(@LUse)m 240 fnt1 2001 1593(appear)m 2742(in)s 3029(cross)s 3615(reference)s 4602(databases)s 5613(generated)s 6644(by)s 6982(Lout)s 7538(and)s 7986(are)s 8377(not)s 8788(for)s 0 1305(use)m 375(else)s 6(where.)k 480 931(A)m 728(sequence)s 1679(of)s 1968(characters)s 3004(which)s 3664(is)s 3892(neither)s 4633(a)s 4817(white)s 5422(space,)s 6078(an)s 6379(identi\207er)s 9(,)k 7357(nor)s 7754(a)s 7938(delimiter)s 9(,)k 8916(is)s 0 643(by)m 304(def)s 2(ault)k 1036(a)s 240 fnt6 1213 645(liter)m 3(al)k 1864(wor)s 8(d)k 240 fnt1 2355 643(,)m 2473(which)s 3126(means)s 3799(that)s 4227(it)s 4430(will)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_18 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_19 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_20 /DEST pdfmark 4867(pass)s 5341(through)s 6154(Lout)s 6677(unchanged.)s 7890(An)s 8251(arbitrary)s 0 355(sequence)m 926(of)s 1190(characters)s 2201(enclosed)s 3089(in)s 3325(double)s 4026(quotes,)s 4751(for)s 5082(e)s 3(xample)k 220 fnt2 5938 352("{ }",)m 240 fnt1 6457 355(is)m 6660(also)s 7091(a)s 7250(literal)s 7853(w)s 2(ord.)k 8499(Space)s 0 67(characters)m 1005(may)s 1458(be)s 1726(included,)s 2644(b)s 4(ut)k 2992(not)s 3345(tabs)s 3767(or)s 4013(ne)s 6(wlines.)k 5008(There)s 5607(are)s 5941(special)s 6645(character)s 7566(sequences,)s 8629(used)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 16 22 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(16)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(only)m 480(between)s 1334(quotes,)s 2066(for)s 2404(obtaining)s 3361(otherwise)s 4346(inaccessible)s 5556(characters:)s 220 fnt2 480 12664(\\")m 240 fnt1 1235 12667(produces)m 220 fnt2 2150 12664(")m 480 12376(\\\\)m 240 fnt1 1235 12379(\\)m 220 fnt2 480 12088(\\ddd)m 240 fnt1 1235 12091(the)m 1583(character)s 2517(whose)s 3185(ASCII)s 3865(code)s 4373(is)s 1235 11803(the)m 1583(up)s 1876(to)s 2115(three)s 2648(digit)s 3146(octal)s 3665(number)s 220 fnt2 4456 11800(ddd)m 240 fnt1 0 11262(So,)m 360(for)s 698(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 1612 11259("\\"@PP\\"")m 240 fnt1 2606 11262(produces)m 220 fnt2 3521 11259("@PP")m 240 fnt1 4177 11262(.)m 480 10888(When)m 1106(the)s 1451(comment)s 2398(character)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_21 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 3328 10885(#)m 240 fnt1 3502 10888(is)m 3709(encountered,)s 4982(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 6045(from)s 6566(that)s 6981(point)s 7530(to)s 7765(the)s 8110(end)s 8511(of)s 8778(the)s 0 10600(line)m 414(is)s 624(ignored.)s 1519(This)s 1995(is)s 2205(useful)s 2844(for)s 3182(including)s 4139(reminders)s 5145(to)s 5384(oneself,)s 6181(lik)s 2(e)k 6593(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 10103(# Lout user man)m 2(ual)k 480 9815(# J)m 6(.)k 13( Kingston, J)k 4(une 1989)k 240 fnt1 0 9316(for)m 338(temporarily)s 1506(deleting)s 2329(parts)s 2844(of)s 3115(the)s 3463(document,)s 4514(and)s 4918(so)s 5184(on.)s 240 fnt6 480 8944(Macr)m 10(os)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_22 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1268 8942(pro)m 3(vide)k 2064(a)s 2242(means)s 2916(of)s 3199(de\207ning)s 4049(symbols)s 4910(which)s 5564(stand)s 6139(for)s 6489(a)s 6667(sequence)s 7612(of)s 7895(te)s 3(xtual)k 8610(units)s 0 8654(rather)m 616(than)s 1085(an)s 1368(object.)s 2116(F)s 3(or)k 2505(e)s 3(xample,)k 3419(the)s 3767(macro)s 4417(de\207nition)s 220 fnt2 480 8153(macro @PP { //1.3vx 2.0f @Wide &0i })m 240 fnt1 0 7659(mak)m 2(es)k 663(Lout)s 1178(replace)s 1926(the)s 2277(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3040 7656(@PP)m 240 fnt1 3609 7659(by)m 3906(the)s 4258(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4841(te)s 3(xtual)k 5546(units)s 6065(before)s 6734(assembling)s 7866(its)s 8145(input)s 8701(into)s 0 7371(objects.)m 841(A)s 1071(similar)s 1793(macro)s 2443(to)s 2682(this)s 3077(one)s 3479(is)s 3689(used)s 4186(to)s 4425(separate)s 5262(the)s 5610(paragraphs)s 6710(of)s 6981(the)s 7329(present)s 8078(document.)s 0 7083(The)m 450(enclosing)s 1442(braces)s 2126(and)s 2552(an)s 3(y)k 2972(spaces)s 3669(adjacent)s 4548(to)s 4809(them)s 5370(are)s 5739(dropped,)s 6654(which)s 7318(can)s 7730(be)s 8034(a)s 8223(problem:)s 220 fnt2 0 6792(@PP2i)m 240 fnt1 731 6795(has)m 1101(result)s 220 fnt2 1691 6792(//1.3vx 2.0f @Wide &0i2i)m 240 fnt1 4141 6795(which)m 4783(is)s 4993(erroneous.)s 480 6421(The)m 938(meaning)s 1846(of)s 2148(symbols)s 3028(used)s 3556(within)s 4254(the)s 4633(body)s 5198(of)s 5500(a)s 5697(macro)s 6377(is)s 6618(determined)s 7782(by)s 8107(where)s 8778(the)s 0 6133(macro)m 667(is)s 895(de\207ned,)s 1724(not)s 2108(by)s 2419(where)s 3077(it)s 3287(is)s 3514(used.)s 4135(Due)s 4607(to)s 4864(implementation)s 6438(problems,)s 220 fnt2 7453 6130(@Open)m 240 fnt1 8277 6133(symbols)m 0 5845(will)m 423(not)s 786(w)s 2(ork)k 1333(within)s 1998(macros.)s 2849(Named)s 3594(and)s 3995(body)s 4525(parameters)s 5620(will)s 6043(w)s 2(ork)k 6590(if)s 6804(the)s 7149(symbol)s 7905(that)s 8320(the)s 3(y)k 8779(are)s 0 5557(parameters)m 1090(of)s 1352(is)s 1553(also)s 1983(present.)s 2828(There)s 3432(is)s 3633(no)s 3918(w)s 2(ay)k 4360(to)s 4590(get)s 4934(a)s 5091(left)s 5459(or)s 5709(right)s 6212(brace)s 6776(into)s 7192(the)s 7532(body)s 8057(of)s 8319(a)s 8476(macro)s 0 5269(without)m 791(the)s 1139(matching)s 2082(brace.)s 480 4895(Macros)m 1252(may)s 1723(be)s 2010(nested)s 2683(within)s 3356(other)s 3912(de\207nitions)s 4978(and)s 5386(e)s 3(xported,)k 6332(b)s 4(ut)k 6699(the)s 3(y)k 7166(may)s 7637(not)s 8008(be)s 8295(parame-)s 0 4607(ters.)m 511(The)s 3(y)k 1058(may)s 1527(not)s 1897(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2401(parameters)s 3503(or)s 3765(nested)s 4438(de\207nitions)s 5502(of)s 5777(their)s 6277(o)s 6(wn,)k 6795(and)s 7202(consequently)s 8523(a)s 8693(pre-)s 0 4319(ceding)m 220 fnt2 691 4316(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1359 4319(clause)m 2012(\(Section)s 2865(2.3\))s 3293(w)s 2(ould)k 3948(be)s 4230(pointless;)s 5192(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 6099(an)s 220 fnt2 6382 4316(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 7055 4319(clause)m 7708(is)s 7918(permitted.)s 240 fnt5 0 3527(2.2.)m 471(Named)s 1257(parameters)s [ /Dest /LOUTnamed /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 3050(In)m 728(addition)s 1560(to)s 1790(left)s 2159(and)s 2554(right)s 3056(\(or)s 3386(body\))s 3985(parameters,)s 5130(a)s 5288(symbol)s 6039(may)s 6496(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6989(an)s 3(y)k 7377(number)s 8159(of)s 240 fnt6 8421 3052(named)m 0 2764(par)m 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt1 1080 2762(:)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 2265(def @Chapter)m 480 1977( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 1689( named @Title {})m 480 1401( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 1113({)m 480 825( ...)m 480 537(})m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 17 23 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.2.)m 1871(Named)s 2616(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(17)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(Their)m 577(de\207nitions)s 1639(appear)s 2336(in)s 2580(between)s 3434(those)s 3996(of)s 4267(an)s 3(y)k 4665(left)s 5042(and)s 5447(right)s 5958(parameters,)s 7113(and)s 7517(each)s 8013(is)s 8224(follo)s 6(wed)k 0 12917(by)m 293(a)s 240 fnt6 457 12919(default)m 1183(value)s 240 fnt1 1753 12917(between)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_3 /DEST pdfmark 2605(braces.)s 3377(When)s 220 fnt2 4004 12914(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 5066 12917(is)m 5274(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 6136(its)s 6411(named)s 7105(parameters)s 8201(are)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 0 12629(v)m 6(alues)k 656(in)s 899(the)s 1247(follo)s 6(wing)k 2224(w)s 2(ay:)k 220 fnt2 480 12128(@Chapter)m 480 11840( @T)m 26(ag { intro })k 480 11552( @Title { Introduction })m 480 11264({)m 480 10976( ...)m 480 10688(})m 240 fnt1 0 10194(That)m 485(is,)s 737(a)s 889(list)s 1226(of)s 1483(named)s 2166(parameters)s 3250(appears)s 4017(immediately)s 5251(follo)s 6(wing)k 6214(the)s 6549(symbol,)s 7347(each)s 7828(with)s 8296(its)s 8558(v)s 6(alue)k 0 9906(enclosed)m 900(in)s 1149(braces.)s 1929(An)s 3(y)k 2399(right)s 2916(parameter)s 3936(follo)s 6(ws)k 4704(after)s 5206(them.)s 5854(The)s 3(y)k 6403(do)s 6702(not)s 7074(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7581(to)s 7826(appear)s 8529(in)s 8778(the)s 0 9618(order)m 558(the)s 3(y)k 1015(were)s 1529(de\207ned,)s 2334(and)s 2732(the)s 3(y)k 3189(can)s 3571(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4065(be)s 4341(omitted)s 5122(altogether)s 9(,)k 6169(in)s 6406(which)s 7041(case)s 7502(the)s 7844(def)s 2(ault)k 8558(v)s 6(alue)k 0 9330(from)m 524(the)s 872(de\207nition)s 1846(is)s 2056(used)s 2553(instead.)s 480 8956(If)m 699(the)s 1036(k)s 2(e)k 3(yw)k 2(ord)k 220 fnt2 1913 8953(compulsor)m -6(y)k 240 fnt1 3088 8956(appears)m 3858(after)s 220 fnt2 4342 8953(named)m 240 fnt1 5050 8956(and)m 5442(before)s 6097(the)s 6434(parameter')s 13(s)k 7586(name,)s 8200(Lout)s 8700(will)s 0 8668(print)m 501(a)s 657(w)s 2(arning)k 1481(message)s 2337(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 3307(this)s 3693(parameter)s 4696(is)s 4896(missing.)s 5793(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 6705(it)s 6886(will)s 7302(still)s 7703(use)s 8068(the)s 8405(def)s 2(ault)k 0 8380(v)m 6(alue)k 568(as)s 818(just)s 1223(described.)s 480 8006(A)m 719(named)s 220 fnt2 1424 8003(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 2057 8006(parameter)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_4 /DEST pdfmark 3080(does)s 3580(not)s 3955(tak)s 2(e)k 4417(its)s 4702(def)s 2(ault)k 5433(v)s 6(alue)k 6010(from)s 6544(the)s 6901(de\207nition;)s 7940(instead,)s 8733(if)s 8960(a)s 0 7718(def)m 2(ault)k 726(v)s 6(alue)k 1300(is)s 1516(needed,)s 2306(Lout)s 2824(in)s 9(v)k 3(ents)k 3560(a)s 3731(simple)s 4430(w)s 2(ord)k 4984(which)s 5631(dif)s 6(fers)k 6304(from)s 6834(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 7415(other)s 7972(tag.)s 8434(This)s 8916(is)s 0 7430(important,)m 1034(for)s 1370(e)s 3(xample,)k 2282(in)s 2523(the)s 2868(production)s 3960(of)s 4229(numbered)s 5242(chapters)s 6086(and)s 6488(sections)s 7307(\(Section)s 8158(4.4\).)s 8698(The)s 0 7142(same)m 551(thing)s 1101(occurs)s 1781(if)s 2003(there)s 2541(is)s 2756(a)s 220 fnt2 2927 7139(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 3555 7142(parameter)m 4574(b)s 4(ut)k 4940(its)s 5221(v)s 6(alue)k 5794(is)s 6009(the)s 6362(empty)s 7019(object:)s 7774(the)s 8127(v)s 6(alue)k 8700(will)s 0 6854(be)m 282(replaced)s 1149(by)s 1443(an)s 1726(in)s 9(v)k 3(ented)k 2596(one.)s 480 6480(Named)m 1229(parameters)s 2327(may)s 2793(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3294(parameters,)s [ /Dest /LOUTstrange /DEST pdfmark 4448(as)s 4698(in)s 4941(the)s 5289(follo)s 6(wing)k 6266(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt2 480 5979(def @Str)m 2(ange)k 480 5691( named @F)m 6(or)k -5(mat r)k -3(ight @V)k 15(al { [@V)k 15(al] })k 480 5403( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 5115({)m 480 4827( @F)m 6(or)k -5(mat x)k 480 4539(})m 240 fnt1 0 4045(The)m 428(named)s 1125(parameter)s 220 fnt2 2139 4042(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt1 3113 4045(has)m 3483(right)s 3995(parameter)s 220 fnt2 5010 4042(@V)m 15(al)k 240 fnt1 5520 4045(,)m 5627(and)s 6032(the)s 6380(def)s 2(ault)k 7102(v)s 6(alue)k 7670(of)s 220 fnt2 7942 4042(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt1 8916 4045(is)m 0 3757(this)m 394(parameter)s 1406(enclosed)s 2299(in)s 2539(brack)s 2(ets.)k 3495(When)s 220 fnt2 4122 3754(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt1 5093 3757(is)m 5300(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 6113(it)s 6303(must)s 6826(be)s 7105(supplied)s 7972(with)s 8452(a)s 8615(right)s 0 3469(parameter)m 9(,)k 1052(which)s 1694(will)s 2120(replace)s 220 fnt2 2865 3466(@V)m 15(al)k 240 fnt1 3375 3469(.)m 3539(Thus,)s 220 fnt2 480 2968(@Str)m 2(ange 27)k 240 fnt1 0 2469(equals)m 220 fnt2 662 2466(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat 27)k 240 fnt1 1937 2469(and)m 2341(so)s 2607(has)s 2977(result)s 480 1967([27])m 0 1479(The)m 220 fnt2 428 1476(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt1 1401 1479(symbol)m 2161(is)s 2371(lik)s 2(e)k 2783(a)s 2949(de\207nition)s 3923(with)s 4405(parameters)s 5503(whose)s 6171(body)s 6705(can)s 7094(be)s 7376(changed:)s 220 fnt2 480 978(@Str)m 2(ange)k 480 690( @F)m 6(or)k -5(mat { Slope @F)k 6(ont @V)k 15(al.)k 13( })k 480 402(27)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 18 24 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(18)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(still)m 412(equals)s 220 fnt2 1074 13202(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat 27)k 240 fnt1 2289 13205(,)m 2396(b)s 4(ut)k 2758(this)s 3154(time)s 3634(the)s 3982(result)s 4572(is)s 240 fnt6 480 12704(27.)m 240 fnt1 0 12250(In)m 252(practice,)s 1110(e)s 3(xamples)k 2057(of)s 2323(named)s 3015(parameters)s 4109(with)s 4586(parameters)s 5680(all)s 5969(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6466(this)s 6857(\210a)s 4(v)k 4(our)k 7583(of)s 7850(format)s 8541(being)s 0 11962(separated)m 996(from)s 1556(content;)s 2409(running)s 3243(headers)s 4060(\(Section)s 4950(4.3\))s 5414(and)s 5854(printing)s 6701(styles)s 7332(for)s 7707(bibliographies)s 0 11674(\(Section)m 853(4.5\))s 1281(are)s 1628(tw)s 2(o)k 2038(major)s 2655(ones.)s 240 fnt5 0 10881(2.3.)m 471(Nested)s 1216(de\207nitions,)s 2392(body)s 2954(parameters,)s 4236(extend,)s 5027(import,)s 5844(and)s 6285(export)s [ /Dest /LOUTvisibility /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 10404(A)m 710(de\207nition)s 1684(may)s 2150(contain)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_1 /DEST pdfmark 2911(other)s 3462(de\207nitions)s 4523(at)s 4755(the)s 5103(be)s 3(ginning)k 6111(of)s 6382(its)s 6658(body:)s 220 fnt2 480 9903(def @NineSquare)m 480 9615( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 9327({)m 480 9039( def @Three { x |0.2i x |0.2i x })m 480 8463( @Three /0.2i @Three /0.2i @Three)m 480 8175(})m 240 fnt1 0 7681(A)m 227(parameter)s 1238(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 1646 7678(x)m 240 fnt1 1811 7681(may)m 2274(be)s 2552(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 3364(an)s 3(ywhere)k 4343(within)s 5008(the)s 5353(body)s 5883(of)s 6151(the)s 6495(symbol)s 7252(it)s 7441(is)s 7647(a)s 7810(parameter)s 8820(of,)s 0 7393(including)m 973(within)s 1657(nested)s 2342(de\207nitions.)s 3532(A)s 3778(nested)s 4463(symbol)s 5239(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 5667 7390(@Three)m 240 fnt1 6531 7393(may)m 7013(be)s 7311(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 8143(an)s 3(ywhere)k 0 7105(from)m 518(the)s 860(be)s 3(ginning)k 1862(of)s 2127(its)s 2397(o)s 6(wn)k 2855(body)s 3383(to)s 3616(the)s 3958(end)s 4355(of)s 4620(the)s 4962(body)s 5490(of)s 5755(the)s 6097(symbol)s 6851(it)s 7037(is)s 7241(de\207ned)s 7998(within.)s 8766(So,)s 0 6817(assuming)m 957(an)s 1240(appropriate)s 2384(de\207nition)s 3358(of)s 220 fnt2 3629 6814(@Bo)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 4222 6817(,)m 220 fnt2 480 6316(@NineSquare @Bo)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 0 5820(has)m 370(result)s 2796 2796 226 2570 240 288 60 480 2734 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 0 2056 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 1028 2056 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 2056 2056 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 0 1028 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 1028 1028 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 2056 1028 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 1028 0 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore 740 740 226 514 240 288 60 2056 0 LoutGr2 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 2283(Nested)m 722(de\207nitions)s 1783(may)s 2249(themselv)s 3(es)k 3359(contain)s 4120(nested)s 4789(de\207nitions,)s 5906(to)s 6145(arbitrary)s 7020(depth.)s 480 1909(There)m 1100(are)s 1454(three)s 1994(special)s 2719(features)s 3532(which)s 4181(permit)s 4872(a)s 5045(nested)s 5721(symbol)s 6488(or)s 6754(parameter)s 7775(to)s 8021(be)s 8311(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 0 1621(outside)m 737(its)s 1003(normal)s 1725(range;)s 2358(that)s 2766(is,)s 3022(outside)s 3759(the)s 4096(body)s 4620(of)s 4881(the)s 5219(enclosing)s 6179(symbol.)s 7038(The)s 7456(\207rst)s 7877(and)s 8270(simplest)s 0 1333(of)m 267(these)s 810(features)s 1611(is)s 1817(the)s 240 fnt6 2161 1335(body)m 2678(par)s 3(ameter)k 240 fnt1 3677 1333(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_3 /DEST pdfmark 3780(an)s 4059(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5108(form)s 5628(of)s 5895(right)s 6401(parameter)s 13(.)k 7502(The)s 7926(Eq)s 8245(equation)s 0 1045(formatting)m 1053(package)s 1885([)s [ /Rect [1956 1042 2062 1210] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 1956(5)s 2062(,)s 2161(Chapter)s 2970(7])s 3200(is)s 3401(a)s 3559(classic)s 4240(e)s 3(xample)k 5095(of)s 5358(the)s 5698(use)s 6064(of)s 6327(a)s 6485(body)s 7011(parameter)s 13(.)k 8108(In)s 8355(outline,)s 0 757(it)m 192(looks)s 762(lik)s 2(e)k 1174(this:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 19 25 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.3.)m 1871(Nested)s 2588(de\207nitions,)s 3678(body)s 4200(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s,)k 5378(e)s 4(xtend,)k 6091(import,)s 6822(and)s 7248(e)s 4(xport)k 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(19)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13268 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13211(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t "+" sup o)k 3(v)k 5(er)k 480 12635(def @Eq)m 480 12347( body x)m 480 12059({)m 480 11771( def "+" ...)m 480 11483( def sup ...)m 480 11195( def o)m 3(v)k 5(er ...)k 480 10907( ...)m 480 10331( Slope @F)m 6(ont x)k 480 10043(})m 240 fnt1 0 9549(First)m 518(we)s 874(list)s 1246(those)s 1828(nested)s 2518(symbols)s 3388(and)s 3813(parameters)s 4932(that)s 5371(we)s 5727(intend)s 6404(to)s 6664(refer)s 7194(to)s 7454(outside)s 8222(the)s 8592(body)s 0 9261(of)m 220 fnt2 274 9258(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 815 9261(in)m 1061(an)s 220 fnt2 1347 9258(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2018 9261(clause,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_4 /DEST pdfmark 2725(preceding)s 3724(the)s 4075(de\207nition)s 5052(as)s 5305(sho)s 6(wn.)k 6092(Only)s 6628(e)s 3(xported)k 7523(symbols)s 8375(may)s 8844(be)s 0 8973(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 817(outside)s 1566(the)s 1916(body)s 2452(of)s 220 fnt2 2725 8970(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 3203 8973(.)m 3369(The)s 3799(body)s 4335(parameter)s 5351(is)s 5563(lik)s 2(e)k 5977(a)s 6145(right)s 6658(parameter)s 7674(e)s 3(xcept)k 8357(that)s 8778(the)s 0 8685(e)m 3(xported)k 892(symbols)s 1741(are)s 2088(visible)s 2781(within)s 3449(it:)s 220 fnt2 480 8184(@Eq { {x sup 2 + y sup 2} o)m 3(v)k 5(er 2 })k 240 fnt1 0 7686(calls)m 488(on)s 785(the)s 1133(nested)s 1802(de\207nitions)s 2863(of)s 220 fnt2 3134 7683(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 3672 7686(to)m 3911(produce)s 4738(the)s 5086(result)s 168 fnt4 586 7231(2)m 240 fnt6 480 7171(x)m 240 fnt4 738 7163(+)m 168 fnt4 1041 7231(2)m 240 fnt6 939 7171(y)m 641 0 0 0 240 288 12 480 7073 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.05 ft setlinewidth stroke grestore grestore 240 fnt4 743 6845(2)m 240 fnt1 0 6334(The)m 416(body)s 937(parameter')s 13(s)k 2089(v)s 6(alue)k 2644(must)s 3156(be)s 3426(enclosed)s 4308(in)s 4539(braces.)s 5300(The)s 5715(term)s 6200(`body)s 6800(parameter')s 7854(is)s 8051(a)s 8204(reminder)s 0 6046(that)m 418(the)s 766(v)s 6(alue)k 1334(is)s 1544(interpreted)s 2636(as)s 2886(if)s 3103(it)s 3295(w)s 2(as)k 3716(within)s 4384(the)s 4732(body)s 5266(of)s 5537(the)s 5885(symbol.)s 480 5672(A)m 710(body)s 1244(parameter)s 2257(may)s 2723(not)s 3089(be)s 3370(e)s 3(xported,)k 4311(and)s 4714(in)s 4957(f)s 2(act)k 5372(a)s 5537(body)s 6071(parameter)s 7085(may)s 7550(be)s 7832(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 8646(only)s 0 5384(within)m 656(the)s 991(body)s 1512(of)s 1770(the)s 2105(enclosing)s 3063(symbol,)s 3862(not)s 4215(within)s 4870(an)s 3(y)k 5254(nested)s 5911(de\207nitions.)s 7072(F)s 3(or)k 7448(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 8349 5381(x)m 240 fnt1 8504 5384(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e)k 0 5096(may)m 471(not)s 843(be)s 1131(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 1952(within)s 220 fnt2 2626 5093(sup)m 240 fnt1 2972 5096(.)m 3141(This)s 3623(restriction)s 4653(is)s 4869(needed)s 5611(to)s 5855(a)s 4(v)k 4(oid)k 6443(the)s 6797(possibility)s 7853(of)s 8130(recursion,)s 0 4808(when)m 585(the)s 943(actual)s 1577(body)s 2121(parameter)s 3145(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 3935(an)s 4228(e)s 3(xported)k 5129(nested)s 5808(de\207nition)s 6792(which)s 7443(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 8234(the)s 8592(body)s 0 4520(parameter)m 9(,)k 1052(etc.)s 480 4146(The)m 932(second)s 1679(place)s 2263(where)s 2928(e)s 3(xported)k 3844(symbols)s 4717(may)s 5207(be)s 5514(used)s 6035(is)s 6269(in)s 6536(the)s 6909(right)s 7444(parameter)s 8482(of)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 3855(@Open)m 240 fnt1 806 3858(symbol,)m 1618(and)s 2022(follo)s 6(wing)k 2999(its)s 3275(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4329(form,)s 220 fnt2 4900 3855(@Use)m 240 fnt1 5565 3858(\(Section)m 6418(3.40\).)s 480 3484(Exported)m 1480(nested)s 2214(symbols)s 3128(and)s 3598(parameters)s 4761(may)s 5292(be)s 5639(made)s 6279(visible)s 7037(within)s 7770(a)s 8002(subsequent)s 0 3196(de\207nition)m 974(or)s 1233(macro)s 1883(by)s 2177(preceding)s 3173(it)s 3365(with)s 3847(an)s 220 fnt2 4130 3193(impor)m -8(t)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 4803 3196(clause,)m 5507(lik)s 2(e)k 5919(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 2695(impor)m -8(t @Eq)k 480 2407(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k 240 fnt1 0 1908(Note)m 548(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 1444(that)s 220 fnt2 1889 1905(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 2617 1908(can)m 3033(only)s 3540(be)s 3849(used)s 4374(with)s 4883(some)s 5471(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6552(of)s 220 fnt2 6850 1905(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 7328 1908(:)m 7521(within)s 8216(the)s 8592(body)s 0 1620(parameter)m 1036(of)s 1329(an)s 1635(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2711(of)s 220 fnt2 3005 1617(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 3483 1620(,)m 3612(within)s 4303(the)s 4673(right)s 5207(parameter)s 6243(of)s 6537(an)s 220 fnt2 6842 1617(@Eq&&tag @Open)m 240 fnt1 8737 1620(,)m 8867(or)s 0 1332(follo)m 6(wing)k 977(a)s 220 fnt2 1143 1329(@Use { @Eq ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 2798 1332(.)m 2962(There)s 3575(may)s 4041(be)s 4323(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 5045(symbols)s 5894(in)s 6137(the)s 220 fnt2 6485 1329(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 7158 1332(clause.)m 480 958(In)m 760(a)s 951(similar)s 1698(w)s 2(ay)k 2174(to)s 220 fnt2 2438 955(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 3051 958(,)m 3183(a)s 3374(de\207nition)s 4373(may)s 4864(be)s 5171(preceded)s 6117(by)s 220 fnt2 6436 955(e)m 6(xtend)k 240 fnt1 7162 958(follo)m 6(wed)k 8089(by)s 8408(a)s 8599(sym-)s 0 670(bol)m 361(name:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 20 26 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(20)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(e)m 6(xtend @Eq)k 480 12919(def p)m 6(ythag { sqr)k -8(t { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } })k 240 fnt1 0 12420(The)m 418(ef)s 6(fect)k 1003(of)s 1264(this)s 1649(is)s 1849(just)s 2243(as)s 2483(though)s 3195(the)s 3533(de\207nition)s 4496(of)s 220 fnt2 4757 12417(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 5447 12420(had)m 5841(occurred)s 6724(directly)s 7497(after)s 7982(the)s 8319(e)s 3(xisting)k 0 12132(de\207nitions)m 1058(within)s 220 fnt2 1722 12129(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 2200 12132(,)m 2303(with)s 220 fnt2 2782 12129(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 3479 12132(added)m 4105(to)s 220 fnt2 4340 12129(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 4818 12132(')m 13(s)k 5025(e)s 3(xport)k 5689(list.)s 6140(This)s 6612(is)s 6819(useful)s 7454(for)s 7788(e)s 3(xtending)k 8778(the)s 0 11844(capabilities)m 1128(of)s 1389(a)s 1545(package)s 2375(of)s 2636(de\207nitions)s 3687(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4088 11841(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 4616 11844(without)m 5397(modifying)s 6437(its)s 6703(source)s 7373(\207le.)s 7832(The)s 8249(essential)s 0 11556(dif)m 6(ferences)k 1106(to)s 220 fnt2 1346 11553(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2020 11556(are)m 2368(that)s 2787(all)s 3081(the)s 3430(symbols)s 4280(of)s 220 fnt2 4552 11553(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 5091 11556(become)m 5892(visible)s 6586(within)s 220 fnt2 7255 11553(p)m 6(ythag)k 240 fnt1 7896 11556(,)m 8004(not)s 8371(just)s 8778(the)s 0 11268(e)m 3(xported)k 892(ones,)s 1438(and)s 1842(only)s 2322(one)s 2724(symbol)s 3484(may)s 3950(follo)s 6(w)k 4622(the)s 220 fnt2 4970 11265(e)m 6(xtend)k 240 fnt1 5671 11268(k)m 2(e)k 3(yw)k 2(ord.)k 480 10894(Actually)m 15(,)k 1399(more)s 1951(than)s 2424(one)s 2831(symbol)s 3595(may)s 4066(follo)s 6(w)k 220 fnt2 4743 10891(e)m 6(xtend)k 240 fnt1 5384 10894(,)m 5495(b)s 4(ut)k 5862(this)s 6262(usage)s 6868(indicates)s 7772(a)s 7943(`path)s 8496(name')s 0 10606(of)m 271(the)s 619(symbol.)s 1488(F)s 3(or)k 1877(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 10105(e)m 6(xtend @DocumentLa)k 6(y)k 4(out @Repor)k -8(tLa)k 6(y)k 4(out)k 480 9817(def @K)m 8(e)k 4(yw)k 2(ords ...)k 240 fnt1 0 9319(causes)m 676(the)s 1026(de\207nition)s 2002(of)s 220 fnt2 2275 9316(@K)m 8(e)k 4(yw)k 2(ords)k 240 fnt1 3502 9319(to)m 3743(occur)s 4335(directly)s 5120(after)s 5618(the)s 5968(e)s 3(xisting)k 6777(de\207nitions)s 7840(of)s 220 fnt2 8113 9316(@Repor)m -8(t-)k 0 9028(La)m 6(y)k 4(out)k 240 fnt1 645 9031(,)m 752(which)s 1394(itself)s 1942(lies)s 2324(within)s 220 fnt2 2992 9028(@DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k 240 fnt1 4860 9031(.)m 480 8657(A)m 702(named)s 1390(parameter)s 2395(may)s 2853(also)s 3283(be)s 3556(preceded)s 4469(by)s 4754(an)s 220 fnt2 5029 8654(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 5694 8657(clause.)m 6386(As)s 6695(usual,)s 7299(the)s 7638(meaning)s 8507(is)s 8708(that)s 0 8369(the)m 336(visible)s 1016(local)s 1522(de\207nitions)s 2570(of)s 2828(the)s 3163(import)s 3847(symbol\(s\))s 4839(are)s 5173(visible)s 5853(within)s 6508(the)s 6843(body)s 7364(\(the)s 7778(def)s 2(ault)k 8486(v)s 6(alue\))k 0 8081(of)m 281(the)s 640(named)s 1347(parameter)s 13(.)k 2463(But)s 2879(furthermore,)s 4137(those)s 4709(symbols)s 5569(will)s 6005(be)s 6298(visible)s 7002(within)s 7681(all)s 7985(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 0 7793(of)m 271(the)s 619(parameter)s 13(.)k 1724(F)s 3(or)k 2113(e)s 3(xample,)k 3027(suppose)s 3855(we)s 4190(de\207ne)s 220 fnt2 480 7292(def @Diag)m 480 7004( impor)m -8(t @Algebr)k 2(a named line)k 4(width { 1p })k 480 6716( impor)m -8(t @Algebr)k 2(a named dashlength { 2p })k 480 6428( ...)m 240 fnt1 0 5977(Then,)m 599(if)s 220 fnt2 816 5974(@Algebr)m 2(a)k 240 fnt1 1847 5977(e)m 3(xports)k 2599(symbols)s 220 fnt2 3448 5974(+)m 240 fnt1 3568 5977(,)m 220 fnt2 3675 5974(-)m 240 fnt1 3739 5977(,)m 3846(and)s 4250(so)s 4516(on,)s 4863(we)s 5198(may)s 5664(write)s 220 fnt2 480 5476(@Diag)m 480 5188( line)m 4(width { 1f - 2p })k 480 4900( dashlength { 1f + 2p })m 240 fnt1 0 4401(using)m 565(the)s 905(symbols)s 1747(from)s 220 fnt2 2263 4398(@Algebr)m 2(a)k 240 fnt1 3234 4401(.)m 3391(There)s 3996(may)s 4454(be)s 4729(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 5443(symbols)s 6285(after)s 6773(the)s 220 fnt2 7114 4398(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 7779 4401(k)m 2(e)k 3(yw)k 2(ord.)k 8766(All)s 0 4113(these)m 558(symbols)s 1418(share)s 1990(an)s 2284(important)s 3285(restriction:)s 4429(the)s 3(y)k 4904(may)s 5381(not)s 5759(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6271(parameters.)s 7434(This)s 7921(is)s 8143(necessary)s 0 3825(because)m 841(Lout)s 1382(w)s 2(ould)k 2065(be)s 2376(unable)s 3098(to)s 3366(determine)s 4406(suitable)s 5233(v)s 6(alues)k 5918(for)s 6284(an)s 3(y)k 6710(such)s 7234(parameters,)s 8417(if)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 3537(did)m 364(e)s 3(xist.)k 480 3163(As)m 814(an)s 1115(e)s 3(xception)k 2116(to)s 2373(the)s 2738(rule)s 3183(just)s 3605(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 4253(a)s 4436(named)s 5150(parameter)s 6181(may)s 6665(import)s 7379(the)s 7745(symbol)s 8522(it)s 8732(is)s 8960(a)s 0 2875(parameter)m 1014(of:)s 220 fnt2 480 2374(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @Cell)k 480 2086(def @Tb)m 4(l)k 480 1798( impor)m -8(t @Tb)k 4(l named @F)k 6(or)k -5(mat { ...)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 1302(In)m 274(this)s 688(e)s 3(xample)k 1569(the)s 1936(e)s 3(xported)k 2846(de\207nitions)s 3925(of)s 220 fnt2 4215 1299(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt1 4802 1302(\(i.e.)m 220 fnt2 5235 1299(@Cell)m 240 fnt1 5820 1302(\))m 5966(will)s 6411(be)s 6711(visible)s 7422(within)s 220 fnt2 8109 1299(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt1 9022 1302(.)m 0 1014(Ho)m 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 984(the)s 3(y)k 1472(may)s 1963(only)s 2467(be)s 2774(used)s 3296(in)s 3563(actual)s 4213(parameters,)s 5392(not)s 5782(in)s 6050(the)s 6423(def)s 2(ault)k 7168(v)s 6(alue)k 7761(of)s 8057(the)s 8430(named)s 0 726(parameter)m 13(.)k 1098(This)s 1567(is)s 1769(o)s 6(wing)k 2408(to)s 2639(implementation)s 4189(problems:)s 5237(at)s 5462(the)s 5803(time)s 6275(the)s 6616(def)s 2(ault)k 7329(v)s 6(alue)k 7890(of)s 220 fnt2 8153 723(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt1 0 438(is)m 210(read,)s 728(the)s 1076(e)s 3(xported)k 1968(symbols)s 2817(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3318(not)s 3684(been)s 4193(read)s 4662(and)s 5066(are)s 5413(consequently)s 6730(not)s 7096(kno)s 6(wn.)k 480 64(Since)m 220 fnt2 1064 61(@Cell)m 240 fnt1 1706 64(is)m 1913(nested)s 2579(within)s 220 fnt2 3244 61(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt1 3753 64(,)m 3857(the)s 4202(v)s 6(alue)k 4766(of)s 5034(an)s 5314(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6365(of)s 220 fnt2 6633 61(@Cell)m 240 fnt1 7275 64(may)m 7738(depend)s 8485(on)s 8778(the)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 21 27 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.3.)m 1871(Nested)s 2588(de\207nitions,)s 3678(body)s 4200(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s,)k 5378(e)s 4(xtend,)k 6091(import,)s 6822(and)s 7248(e)s 4(xport)k 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(21)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(v)m 6(alue)k 582(of)s 868(parameters)s 1980(of)s 220 fnt2 2266 13202(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt1 2775 13205(.)m 2953(If)s 220 fnt2 3198 13202(@Cell)m 240 fnt1 3857 13205(is)m 4082(used)s 4593(within)s 5276(an)s 5573(actual)s 220 fnt2 6213 13202(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt1 7200 13205(parameter)m 9(,)k 8267(its)s 8558(v)s 6(alue)k 0 12917(depends)m 833(on)s 1126(the)s 1471(v)s 6(alue)k 2035(of)s 2303(parameters)s 3397(of)s 3665(the)s 4009(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5060(of)s 220 fnt2 5327 12914(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt1 5893 12917(of)m 6160(which)s 6799(the)s 220 fnt2 7143 12914(@F)m 6(or)k -5(mat)k 240 fnt1 8112 12917(parameter)m 0 12629(is)m 210(a)s 376(part.)s 480 12255(A)m 710(de\207nition,)s 1734(macro,)s 2438(or)s 2697(named)s 3393(parameter)s 4407(may)s 4873(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5374(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 6096(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7150(names,)s 7868(lik)s 2(e)k 8280(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 11754(macro @CD @CentredDispla)m 6(y @CenteredDispla)k 6(y { ...)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 11256(This)m 489(is)s 713(useful)s 1366(for)s 1718(abbre)s 6(viated)k 2898(and)s 3316(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4384(spellings,)s 5355(as)s 5618(sho)s 6(wn.)k 6416(The)s 6858(names)s 7534(appear)s 8245(together)s 9(,)k 0 10968(and)m 404(the)s 3(y)k 867(may)s 1333(subsequently)s 2637(be)s 2919(used)s 3416(interchangeably)s 15(.)k 480 10594(If)m 698(one)s 1088(name)s 1649(of)s 1908(a)s 2062(symbol)s 2809(appears)s 3578(in)s 3809(an)s 4079(e)s 3(xport)k 4735(or)s 4982(import)s 5666(list,)s 6052(its)s 6316(other)s 6854(names)s 7504(are)s 7838(automaticaly)s 0 10306(included)m 882(as)s 1132(well,)s 1650(and)s 2054(should)s 2751(not)s 3117(also)s 3555(appear)s 4252(in)s 4495(the)s 4843(list.)s 240 fnt5 0 9513(2.4.)m 471(Filter)s 4(ed)k 1330(right)s 1894(and)s 2335(body)s 2897(parameters)s [ /Dest /LOUTfilters /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 9036(A)m 719(right)s 1239(or)s 1507(body)s 2050(parameter)s 3073(may)s 3548(be)s 3839(\207ltered)s 4582(by)s 4885(some)s 5455(other)s 6015(computer)s 6987(program)s 7866(before)s 8541(being)s 0 8748(included)m 882(by)s 1176(Lout.)s 1792(As)s 2109(an)s 2392(e)s 3(xample)k 3255(of)s 3526(such)s 4022(a)s 4188(program)s 5058(we)s 5393(will)s 5819(use)s 6194(the)s 6542(Unix)s 220 fnt2 7076 8745(sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 7506 8748(command:)m 220 fnt2 480 8249(sor)m -8(t -o out\207le in\207le)k 240 fnt1 0 7795(This)m 499(causes)s 1198(\207le)s 220 fnt2 1582 7792(out\207le)m 240 fnt1 2243 7795(to)m 2505(contain)s 3290(a)s 3480(sorted)s 4145(cop)s 2(y)k 4687(of)s 4981(\207le)s 220 fnt2 5366 7792(in\207le)m 240 fnt1 5808 7795(.)m 5996(W)s 19(e)k 6388(incorporate)s 7556(this)s 7975(into)s 8424(a)s 8614(Lout)s 0 7507(de\207nition)m 974(as)s 1224(follo)s 6(ws:)k 220 fnt2 480 7055(def @Sor)m -8(t)k 480 6767( named @Options {})m 480 6479( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 6191({)m 480 5903( def @Filter { sor)m -8(t @Options -o @FilterOut @FilterIn })k 480 5327( lines @Break x)m 480 5039(})m 240 fnt1 0 4545(The)m 440(presence)s 1345(within)s 220 fnt2 2026 4542(@Sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2728 4545(of)m 3012(a)s 3191(de\207nition)s 4178(of)s 4462(a)s 4641(symbol)s 5414(called)s 220 fnt2 6055 4542(@Filter)m 240 fnt1 6837 4545(tells)m 7298(Lout)s 7823(that)s 8254(the)s 8615(right)s 0 4257(parameter)m 1057(of)s 220 fnt2 1372 4254(@Sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2104 4257(is)m 2358(to)s 2640(be)s 2966(\207ltered)s 3743(before)s 4453(inclusion.)s 5537(When)s 220 fnt2 6210 4254(@Sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 6942 4257(is)m 7196(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 220 fnt2 8103 4254(@Filter)m 240 fnt1 8916 4257(is)m 0 3969(e)m 6(v)k 6(aluated)k 978(and)s 1399(its)s 1692(v)s 6(alue)k 2277(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecuted)k 3196(as)s 3463(a)s 3646(system)s 4387(command.)s 5512(In)s 5785(addition)s 6643(to)s 6899(the)s 7264(symbols)s 8130(ordinarily)s 0 3681(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 908(within)s 1576(the)s 1924(body)s 2458(of)s 220 fnt2 2729 3678(@Filter)m 240 fnt1 3438 3681(,)m 3545(there)s 4078(are)s 4425(three)s 4958(others:)s 220 fnt2 0 3175(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt1 1920 3178(the)m 2273(name)s 2852(of)s 3128(a)s 3299(\207le)s 3665(which)s 4312(will,)s 4795(at)s 5032(the)s 5385(time)s 5870(the)s 6223(system)s 6952(command)s 7959(is)s 8175(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecuted,)k 1920 2890(contain)m 2726(the)s 3119(actual)s 3789(right)s 4345(or)s 4649(body)s 5228(parameter)s 6287(of)s 6603(the)s 6996(symbol,)s 7853(e)s 3(xactly)k 8639(as)s 8934(it)s 1920 2602(appears)m 2701(in)s 2944(the)s 3292(input)s 3844(\207le;)s 220 fnt2 0 2096(@FilterOut)m 240 fnt1 1920 2099(the)m 2305(name)s 2916(of)s 3224(a)s 3427(\207le)s 3826(of)s 4134(Lout)s 4683(te)s 3(xt)k 5135(whose)s 5840(contents)s 6726(Lout)s 7275(will)s 7738(read)s 8244(after)s 8778(the)s 1920 1811(system)m 2657(command)s 3673(has)s 4057(\207nished,)s 4936(as)s 5200(a)s 5380(replacement)s 6620(for)s 6972(what)s 7511(w)s 2(as)k 7946(put)s 8326(into)s 8765(\207le)s 220 fnt2 1920 1520(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt1 2798 1523(;)m 220 fnt2 0 1036(@FilterErr)m 240 fnt1 1920 1039(the)m 2273(name)s 2852(of)s 3129(a)s 3300(\207le)s 3667(that)s 4090(Lout)s 4608(will)s 5039(attempt)s 5820(to)s 6065(read)s 6539(after)s 7041(the)s 7394(system)s 8124(command)s 1920 751(has)m 2281(\207nished,)s 3137(containing)s 4191(error)s 4705(messages)s 5649(produced)s 6589(by)s 6874(the)s 7213(command)s 8206(that)s 8614(Lout)s 1920 463(will)m 2346(pass)s 2809(on)s 3106(to)s 3345(the)s 3693(user)s 4151(as)s 4401(non-f)s 2(atal)k 5316(errors.)s 6036(Use)s 6464(of)s 6735(this)s 7131(\207le)s 7492(is)s 7702(optional.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 22 28 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(22)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(It)m 205(is)s 415(a)s 581(f)s 2(atal)k 1057(error)s 1580(for)s 1918(the)s 2266(system)s 2990(command)s 3992(to)s 4231(return)s 4858(a)s 5024(non-zero)s 5927(status.)s 480 12831(No)m 6(w)k 1001(the)s 220 fnt2 1356 12828(sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1793 12831(command)m 2802(has)s 3179(options)s 220 fnt2 3942 12828(-u)m 240 fnt1 4190 12831(for)m 4535(deleting)s 5365(duplicate)s 6304(lines,)s 6869(and)s 220 fnt2 7280 12828(-r)m 240 fnt1 7493 12831(for)m 7838(re)s 6(v)k 3(ersing)k 8778(the)s 0 12543(sorting)m 717(order)s 13(.)k 1372(So)s 1678(the)s 2026(result)s 2616(of)s 220 fnt2 480 12042(@Sor)m -8(t)k 480 11754( @Options { -r -u })m 480 11466({)m 480 11178(A)m 6(usten, J)k 4(ane)k 480 10890(Dic)m 4(k)k 4(ens)k 3(, Char)k -3(les)k 480 10602(Eliot, George)m 480 10314(Hardy)m 22(, )k 11(Thomas)k 480 10026(Bront{@Char edieresis}, Char)m -3(lotte)k 480 9738(})m 240 fnt1 0 9244(is)m 480 8791(Hardy)m 15(,)k 1170(Thomas)s 480 8503(Eliot,)m 1051(Geor)s 4(ge)k 480 8215(Dick)m 2(ens,)k 1369(Charles)s 480 7927(Bront\353,)m 1238(Charlotte)s 480 7639(Austen,)m 1265(Jane)s 0 7155(Unlik)m 2(e)k 705(all)s 998(the)s 1347(other)s 1898(e)s 3(xamples)k 2849(in)s 3093(this)s 3489(manual,)s 4300(this)s 4697(output)s 5369(is)s 5579(simulated.)s 6673(This)s 7149(w)s 2(as)k 7570(done)s 8093(so)s 8359(that)s 8778(the)s 0 6867(ability)m 661(to)s 896(format)s 1588(this)s 1980(manual)s 2735(is)s 2942(not)s 3304(dependent)s 4344(on)s 4637(the)s 4981(e)s 3(xistence)k 5919(of)s 6187(the)s 6531(Unix)s 220 fnt2 7061 6864(sor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 7487 6867(command,)m 8534(and)s 8934(it)s 0 6579(highlights)m 1008(the)s 1356(f)s 2(act)k 1771(that)s 2189(\207ltered)s 2923(actual)s 3548(parameters)s 4646(are)s 4993(by)s 5287(their)s 5784(nature)s 6437(of)s 6708(uncertain)s 7654(portability)s 15(.)k 480 6205(There)m 1114(is)s 1345(no)s 1660(need)s 2191(for)s 2550(an)s 2855(actual)s 3501(\207ltered)s 4257(parameter)s 5292(to)s 5552(obe)s 3(y)k 6091(the)s 6460(le)s 3(xical)k 7169(rules)s 7706(of)s 7998(Lout,)s 8579(since)s 0 5917(it)m 207(is)s 432(passed)s 1143(directly)s 1941(to)s 2195(the)s 2558(other)s 3124(program.)s 4113(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 5088(Lout)s 5615(must)s 6155(be)s 6452(able)s 6921(to)s 7175(w)s 2(ork)k 7741(out)s 8122(where)s 8778(the)s 0 5629(parameter)m 1034(ends,)s 1601(which)s 2263(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 2831(rise)s 3251(to)s 3511(the)s 3879(follo)s 6(wing)k 4877(rules.)s 5525(As)s 5863(with)s 6365(a)s 6552(body)s 7106(parameter)s 9(,)k 8179(a)s 8366(symbol)s 220 fnt2 0 5338(@Sym)m 240 fnt1 730 5341(with)m 1235(a)s 1423(\207ltered)s 2180(parameter)s 3217(must)s 3764(be)s 4069(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 4906(in)s 5172(either)s 5798(the)s 6168(form)s 220 fnt2 6715 5338(@Sym { ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 7949 5341(or)m 8231(the)s 8602(form)s 220 fnt2 0 5050(@Sym @Begin ...)m 13( @End @Sym)k 240 fnt1 3120 5053(,)m 3251(plus)s 3725(options)s 4505(as)s 4779(usual.)s 5472(In)s 5753(the)s 6125(former)s 6858(case,)s 7400(braces)s 8085(within)s 8778(the)s 0 4765(actual)m 625(parameter)s 1639(must)s 2164(match;)s 2860(in)s 3103(the)s 3451(latter)s 4000(case,)s 4518(the)s 4866(actual)s 5491(parameter)s 6505(may)s 6971(not)s 7337(contain)s 220 fnt2 8098 4762(@End)m 240 fnt1 8699 4765(.)m 480 4391(If)m 725(an)s 1024(actual)s 1664(\207ltered)s 2414(parameter)s 3444(contains)s 220 fnt2 4307 4388(@Include)m 240 fnt1 5229 4391(,)m 5352(this)s 5764(is)s 5989(tak)s 2(en)k 6578(to)s 6833(be)s 3(gin)k 7434(a)s 7616(Lout)s 220 fnt2 8144 4388(@Include)m 240 fnt1 0 4103(directi)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 882(in)s 1125(the)s 1473(usual)s 2033(form)s 2557(\(Section)s 3410(3.48\):)s 220 fnt2 480 3612(@Sor)m -8(t {)k 480 3324(A)m 6(usten, J)k 4(ane)k 480 3036(@Include { authors })m 480 2748(Hardy)m 22(, )k 11(Thomas)k 480 2460(})m 240 fnt1 0 1966(The)m 421(included)s 1296(\207le)s 1649(becomes)s 2530(part)s 2954(of)s 220 fnt2 3217 1963(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt1 4095 1966(,)m 4195(b)s 4(ut)k 4549(an)s 3(y)k 4939(braces,)s 220 fnt2 5649 1963(@Include)m 240 fnt1 6571 1966(,)m 6670(or)s 220 fnt2 6922 1963(@End)m 240 fnt1 7576 1966(within)m 8236(it)s 8421(are)s 8760(not)s 0 1678(noticed)m 762(by)s 1056(Lout.)s 480 1304(The)m 928(\207rst)s 1380(character)s 2335(of)s 2627(\207le)s 220 fnt2 3009 1301(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt1 3968 1304(will)m 4415(be)s 4718(the)s 5087(\207rst)s 5539(non-white)s 6586(space)s 7194(character)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 0 1016(the)m 353(opening)s 220 fnt2 1184 1013({)m 240 fnt1 1314 1016(or)m 220 fnt2 1579 1013(@Begin)m 240 fnt1 2348 1016(,)m 2461(or)s 2726(the)s 3080(\207rst)s 3517(character)s 4457(of)s 4734(an)s 5023(included)s 5911(\207le)s 6278(if)s 220 fnt2 6501 1013(@Include)m 240 fnt1 7489 1016(comes)m 8157(\207rst.)s 8698(The)s 0 728(second-last)m 1146(character)s 2091(of)s 2374(\207le)s 220 fnt2 2746 725(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt1 3696 728(will)m 4133(be)s 4427(the)s 4786(last)s 5189(non-white)s 6226(space)s 6825(character)s 7770(preceding)s 8778(the)s 0 440(closing)m 220 fnt2 745 437(})m 240 fnt1 871 440(or)m 220 fnt2 1132 437(@End @Sym)m 240 fnt1 2454 440(,)m 2563(or)s 2824(the)s 3174(last)s 3567(character)s 4503(of)s 4775(an)s 5060(included)s 5944(\207le)s 6307(if)s 220 fnt2 6526 437(@Include)m 240 fnt1 7510 440(comes)m 8174(last.)s 8671(One)s 0 152(ne)m 6(wline)k 833(character)s 1794(is)s 2030(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 2768(appended)s 3770(and)s 4201(is)s 4437(the)s 4812(last)s 5229(character)s 6190(of)s 6487(\207le)s 220 fnt2 6875 149(@FilterIn)m 240 fnt1 7753 152(.)m 7943(This)s 8446(ef)s 6(fects)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 23 29 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.4.)m 1871(F)s 10(ilter)k 8(ed)k 2688(right)s 3217(and)s 3643(body)s 4165(par)s 3(ameter)k 2(s)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(23)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(a)m 206(compromise)s 1484(between)s 2378(the)s 2766(Lout)s 3319(con)s 9(v)k 3(ention,)k 4518(that)s 4976(spaces)s 5691(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 6708 13202({)m 240 fnt1 6873 13205(or)m 7172(preceding)s 220 fnt2 8208 13202(})m 240 fnt1 8372 13205(are)m 8760(not)s 0 12917(signi\207cant,)m 1103(with)s 1585(the)s 1933(Unix)s 2467(con)s 9(v)k 3(ention)k 3576(that)s 3994(all)s 4287(te)s 3(xt)k 4702(\207les)s 5151(end)s 5555(with)s 6037(a)s 6203(ne)s 6(wline)k 7010(character)s 13(.)k 240 fnt5 0 12124(2.5.)m 471(Pr)s 4(ecedence)k 1677(and)s 2118(associati)s 2(vity)k 3420(of)s 3692(symbols)s [ /Dest /LOUTprecedence /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11647(Ev)m 3(ery)k 1131(symbol)s 1920(in)s 2192(Lout)s 2733(has)s 3132(a)s 240 fnt6 3327 11649(pr)m 8(ecedence)k 240 fnt1 4401 11647(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_prec_1 /DEST pdfmark 4538(which)s 5209(is)s 5448(a)s 5643(positi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6476(whole)s 7146(number)s 13(.)k 8057(When)s 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 11359(symbols)m 849(compete)s 1715(for)s 2053(an)s 2336(object,)s 3027(the)s 3375(one)s 3777(with)s 4259(the)s 4607(higher)s 5278(precedence)s 6409(wins)s 6912(it.)s 7208(F)s 3(or)k 7597(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 10858(a | b / c)m 240 fnt1 0 10403(is)m 210(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 1253(to)s 220 fnt2 1491 10400({)m 1616(a)s 1794(|)s 1892(b)s 2067(})s 2192(/)s 2317(c)s 240 fnt1 2482 10403(rather)m 3097(than)s 220 fnt2 3565 10400(a)m 3743(|)s 3841({)s 3966(b)s 4141(/)s 4266(c)s 4432(})s 240 fnt1 4496 10403(,)m 4603(because)s 220 fnt2 5415 10400(|)m 240 fnt1 5511 10403(has)m 5881(higher)s 6551(precedence)s 7681(than)s 220 fnt2 8150 10400(/)m 240 fnt1 8273 10403(and)m 8676(thus)s 0 10115(wins)m 503(the)s 220 fnt2 851 10112(b)m 240 fnt1 965 10115(.)m 480 9741(When)m 1149(the)s 1538(tw)s 2(o)k 1988(competing)s 3092(symbols)s 3981(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4523(equal)s 5137(precedence,)s 6359(Lout)s 6912(applies)s 7680(a)s 7887(second)s 8651(rule.)s 0 9453(Each)m 545(symbol)s 1316(is)s 1537(either)s 240 fnt6 2151 9455(left-associative)m 240 fnt1 3659 9453(or)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_prec_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 3929 9455(right-associative)m 240 fnt1 5528 9453(.)m 5703(The)s 6142(v)s 6(alue)k 6720(of)s 220 fnt2 7002 9450(a)m 7180(op1)s 7564(b)s 7739(op2)s 8156(c)s 240 fnt1 8332 9453(is)m 8553(tak)s 2(en)k 0 9165(to)m 252(be)s 220 fnt2 547 9162({)m 672(a)s 850(op1)s 1234(b)s 1409(})s 1534(op2)s 1951(c)s 240 fnt1 2129 9165(if)m 2359(the)s 2720(symbols)s 3582(are)s 3942(both)s 4438(left-associati)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k 5993(and)s 220 fnt2 6410 9162(a op1 { b op2 c })m 240 fnt1 8072 9165(if)m 8302(the)s 3(y)k 8779(are)s 0 8877(right-associati)m 6(v)k 3(e.)k 1733(In)s 1989(cases)s 2544(not)s 2910(co)s 3(v)k 3(ered)k 3719(by)s 4013(these)s 4560(tw)s 2(o)k 4970(rules,)s 5541(use)s 5916(braces.)s 480 8503(It)m 672(sometimes)s 1732(happens)s 2554(that)s 2959(the)s 3294(result)s 3870(is)s 4067(the)s 4402(same)s 4935(re)s 3(g)k 1(ardless)k 5937(of)s 6195(ho)s 6(w)k 6642(the)s 6977(e)s 3(xpression)k 8041(is)s 8237(grouped.)s 0 8215(F)m 3(or)k 382(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 1289 8212({)m 1414(a)s 1592(|)s 1690(b)s 1865(})s 1990(|)s 2088(c)s 240 fnt1 2246 8215(and)m 220 fnt2 2643 8212(a)m 2821(|)s 2919({)s 3044(b)s 3219(|)s 3317(c)s 3483(})s 240 fnt1 3599 8215(are)m 3939(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 4643(the)s 4984(same,)s 5575(for)s 5905(an)s 3(y)k 6295(combination)s 7541(of)s 7805(objects,)s 8581(g)s 1(aps,)k 0 7927(and)m 416(v)s 6(ariants)k 1230(of)s 220 fnt2 1513 7924(|)m 240 fnt1 1550 7927(.)m 1727(In)s 1995(such)s 2504(cases)s 3071(the)s 3432(symbols)s 4293(are)s 4653(said)s 5108(to)s 5360(be)s 240 fnt6 5654 7929(associative)m 240 fnt1 6709 7927(,)m 6829(and)s 7245(we)s 7593(can)s 7995(con\207dently)s 0 7639(omit)m 498(the)s 846(braces.)s 480 7265(User)m 4(-de\207ned)k 1769(symbols)s 2618(may)s 3084(be)s 3366(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3946(a)s 4112(precedence)s 5243(and)s 5647(associati)s 6(vity:)k 220 fnt2 480 6764(def @Super)m 480 6476( precedence 50)m 480 6188( associativity r)m -3(ight)k 480 5900( left x)m 480 5612( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 5324({)m 480 5036( @OneRo)m 3(w { | -2p @F)k 6(ont y ^/0.5fk x })k 480 4748(})m 240 fnt1 0 4254(The)m 3(y)k 541(come)s 1113(just)s 1516(after)s 2010(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt2 2405 4251(into)m 240 fnt1 2809 4254(clause)m 3460(and)s 3862(before)s 4526(an)s 3(y)k 4921(parameter)s 5933(de\207nitions.)s 7105(The)s 7531(precedence)s 8660(may)s 0 3966(be)m 280(an)s 3(y)k 674(whole)s 1313(number)s 2101(between)s 2952(10)s 3245(and)s 3646(100,)s 4110(and)s 4512(if)s 4726(omitted)s 5511(is)s 5719(assigned)s 6598(the)s 6943(v)s 6(alue)k 7509(100.)s 8030(The)s 8455(higher)s 0 3678(the)m 373(number)s 9(,)k 1227(the)s 1600(higher)s 2296(the)s 2669(precedence.)s 3933(The)s 4386(associati)s 6(vity)k 5654(may)s 6145(be)s 220 fnt2 6452 3675(left)m 240 fnt1 6825 3678(or)m 220 fnt2 7109 3675(r)m -3(ight)k 240 fnt1 7534 3678(,)m 7666(and)s 8095(if)s 8338(omitted)s 0 3390(def)m 2(aults)k 805(to)s 220 fnt2 1044 3387(r)m -3(ight)k 240 fnt1 1469 3390(.)m 480 3016(In)m 731(the)s 1074(e)s 3(xample)k 1932(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 2599(the)s 2942(precedence)s 4068(and)s 4466(associati)s 6(vity)k 5703(are)s 6045(both)s 6523(literal)s 7127(w)s 2(ords)k 7756(\()s 220 fnt2 7829 3013(50)m 240 fnt1 8120 3016(and)m 220 fnt2 8518 3013(r)m -3(ight)k 240 fnt1 8943 3016(\).)m 0 2728(It)m 203(is)s 410(also)s 846(possible)s 1683(to)s 1920(de\207ne)s 2558(a)s 2722(macro)s 3369(whose)s 4034(v)s 6(alue)k 4600(is)s 4807(a)s 4971(suitable)s 5767(literal)s 6375(w)s 2(ord,)k 6969(and)s 7371(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k 8061(that)s 8476(macro)s 0 2440(as)m 249(the)s 596(v)s 6(alue)k 1163(of)s 1433(a)s 1598(precedence)s 2728(or)s 2986(associati)s 6(vity)k 15(.)k 4262(But)s 4667(arbitrary)s 5541(e)s 3(xpressions,)k 6760(including)s 7716(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 8855(of)s 0 2152(symbols)m 849(other)s 1400(than)s 1869(macros,)s 2666(are)s 3013(not)s 3379(permitted.)s 480 1778(Lout')m 13(s)k 1142(symbols)s 1991(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2492(the)s 2840(follo)s 6(wing)k 3817(precedences)s 5036(and)s 5440(associati)s 6(vities:)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 24 30 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(24)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13170(Precedence)m 1904(Associati)s 6(vity)k 3493(Symbols)s 969 12594(5)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 12591(/ ^/ // ^//)m 240 fnt1 965 12306(6)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 12303(| ^| || ^||)m 240 fnt1 968 12018(7)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 12015(& ^&)m 240 fnt1 968 11730(7)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 11727(&)m 240 fnt1 3695 11730(in)m 3938(the)s 4286(form)s 4810(of)s 5081(one)s 5483(or)s 5742(more)s 6289(white)s 6876(space)s 7463(characters)s 685 11442(10-100)m 220 fnt2 2012 11439(left)m 240 fnt1 2360 11442(or)m 220 fnt2 2619 11439(r)m -3(ight)k 240 fnt1 3493 11442(user)m 4(-de\207ned)k 4729(symbols)s 844 11154(100)m 220 fnt2 2316 11151(r)m -3(ight)k 3493(@Wide)s 240 fnt1 4207 11154(,)m 220 fnt2 4314 11151(@High)m 240 fnt1 4973 11154(,)m 220 fnt2 5080 11151(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 6064 11154(,)m 6171(etc.)s 854 10866(101)m 2494(-)s 220 fnt2 3493 10863(&&)m 240 fnt1 845 10578(102)m 2011(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 3493 10575(&)m 240 fnt1 3695 10578(in)m 3938(the)s 4286(form)s 4810(of)s 5081(0)s 5256(spaces)s 850 10290(103)m 2494(-)s 3493(Body)s 4067(parameters)s 5165(and)s 5569(right)s 6080(parameters)s 7178(of)s 220 fnt2 7449 10287(@Open)m 240 fnt1 0 9749(Actually)m 883(the)s 1238(precedence)s 2375(of)s 2653(juxtaposition)s 3965(\(tw)s 2(o)k 4461(objects)s 5195(separated)s 6162(by)s 6462(zero)s 6933(spaces\))s 7691(is)s 7908(a)s 8080(little)s 8579(more)s 0 9461(complicated.)m 1333(If)s 1565(either)s 2170(of)s 2443(the)s 2793(tw)s 2(o)k 3205(objects)s 3934(is)s 4146(enclosed)s 5043(in)s 5288(braces,)s 6007(the)s 6357(precedence)s 7489(is)s 7701(7)s 7871(as)s 8123(for)s 8463(one)s 8867(or)s 0 9173(more)m 541(spaces.)s 1322(If)s 1545(neither)s 2262(object)s 2899(is)s 3102(enclosed)s 3991(in)s 4227(braces,)s 4937(the)s 5279(precedence)s 6403(is)s 6606(102)s 7014(as)s 7257(sho)s 6(wn)k 7927(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e.)k 8650(This)s 0 8885(complicated)m 1216(rule)s 1633(seems)s 2258(to)s 2486(accord)s 3171(better)s 3764(with)s 4235(what)s 4750(people)s 5434(e)s 3(xpect)k 6104(and)s 6498(need)s 6998(in)s 7230(practice)s 8031(than)s 8490(a)s 8645(pure)s 0 8597(precedence)m 1131(rule)s 1558(can)s 1947(do.)s 240 fnt5 0 7804(2.6.)m 471(The)s 926(style)s 1446(and)s 1887(size)s 2314(of)s 2586(objects)s [ /Dest /LOUTsize /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 7327(This)m 944(section)s 1666(e)s 3(xplains)k 2499(ho)s 6(w)k 2948(Lout)s 3448(determines)s 4535(the)s 4870(style)s 5365(and)s 5757(size)s 6172(of)s 6431(each)s 6914(object.)s 7650(T)s 19(ogether)k 9(,)k 8579(these)s 0 7039(attrib)m 4(utes)k 935(determine)s 1946(the)s 2294(object')s 13(s)k 3088(\207nal)s 3568(appearance)s 4699(in)s 4942(the)s 5290(output.)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 6665(The)m 908(style)s 1415(of)s 1686(an)s 1969(object)s 2613(comprises)s 3633(the)s 3981(follo)s 6(wing:)k 0 6162(\213)m 480(Which)s 1175(font)s 1620(f)s 2(amily)k 15(,)k 2333(f)s 2(ace)k 2784(and)s 3188(size)s 3615(to)s 3854(use)s 4229(\(also)s 4746(de\207ning)s 5584(the)s 220 fnt2 5932 6159(f)m 240 fnt1 6050 6162(unit\);)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_1 /DEST pdfmark 0 5659(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1391(small)s 1991(capitals)s 2799(are)s 3175(in)s 3446(ef)s 6(fect)k 4070(or)s 4358(not,)s 4799(and)s 5231(also)s 5698(what)s 6251(fraction)s 7078(of)s 7378(the)s 7754(height)s 8440(of)s 8740(full)s 480 5371(capitals)m 1260(the)s 1608(small)s 2180(capitals)s 2960(are)s 3307(to)s 3546(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e;)k [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 4868(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(g)s 1(ap)k 1456(to)s 1695(replace)s 2440(a)s 2606(single)s 3233(space)s 3820(between)s 4674(tw)s 2(o)k 5084(objects)s 5812(by)s 6106(\(also)s 6623(de\207ning)s 7461(the)s 220 fnt2 7809 4865(s)m 240 fnt1 7972 4868(unit\);)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 4365(\213)m 480(The)s 900(interpretation)s 2235(to)s 2465(place)s 3017(on)s 3306(white)s 3884(space)s 4463(separating)s 5490(tw)s 2(o)k 5891(objects)s 6611(\()s 220 fnt2 6684 4362(lout)m 240 fnt1 7033 4365(,)m 220 fnt2 7132 4362(compress)m 240 fnt1 8077 4365(,)m 220 fnt2 8175 4362(separ)m 2(ate)k 240 fnt1 9019 4365(,)m 220 fnt2 480 4074(troff)m 240 fnt1 855 4077(,)m 962(or)s 220 fnt2 1221 4074(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 1566 4077(as)m 1816(in)s 2059(Section)s 2833(3.5\);)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 3583(\213)m 480(The)s 908(current)s 1644(v)s 6(alue)k 2212(of)s 2483(the)s 220 fnt2 2831 3580(y)m 240 fnt1 2999 3583(and)m 220 fnt2 3403 3580(z)m 240 fnt1 3567 3583(units)m 4083(of)s 4354(measurement)s 5688(\(Section)s 6541(3.6\);)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 3082(\213)m 480(The)s 908(kind)s 1392(of)s 1663(paragraph)s 2676(breaking)s 3566(to)s 3805(emplo)s 2(y)k 4575(\()s 220 fnt2 4648 3079(adjust)m 240 fnt1 5229 3082(,)m 220 fnt2 5336 3079(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 6005 3082(,)m 6112(etc.\))s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_6 /DEST pdfmark 0 2579(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(g)s 1(ap)k 1456(to)s 1695(insert)s 2285(between)s 3139(the)s 3487(lines)s 3989(of)s 4260(paragraphs)s 5360(\(also)s 5877(de\207ning)s 6715(the)s 220 fnt2 7063 2576(v)m 240 fnt1 7232 2579(unit\);)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_7 /DEST pdfmark 0 2076(\213)m 480(The)s 908(size)s 1335(of)s 1606(the)s 1954(outdent)s 2732(to)s 2971(use)s 3346(in)s 3589(the)s 220 fnt2 3937 2073(outdent)m 240 fnt1 4725 2076(paragraph)m 5738(breaking)s 6628(style;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 1573(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1462(the)s 220 fnt2 1909 1570(unbreakab)m 4(le\207rst)k 240 fnt1 3621 1573(and)m 220 fnt2 4124 1570(unbreakab)m 4(lelast)k 240 fnt1 5823 1573(paragraph)m 6935(breaking)s 7924(options)s 8779(are)s 480 1285(in)m 723(ef)s 6(fect;)k [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_9 /DEST pdfmark 0 801(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1366(the)s 1717(ro)s 6(w)k 2141(marks)s 2779(of)s 3053(w)s 2(ords)k 3691(are)s 4041(to)s 4284(pass)s 4750(along)s 5338(the)s 5690(baseline)s 6532(or)s 6795(half)s 7241(the)s 7592(height)s 8254(of)s 8528(an)s 8815(`x')s 480 513(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e)k 1102(the)s 1450(baseline;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_10 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 25 31 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.6.)m 1871(The)s 2283(style)s 2773(and)s 3199(size)s 3610(of)s 3891(objects)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(25)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(\213)m 480(Whether)s 1363(to)s 1602(permit)s 2285(h)s 1(yphenation)k 3525(or)s 3784(not;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_11 /DEST pdfmark 0 12702(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(colour)s 1729(the)s 2077(object)s 2721(is)s 2931(to)s 3170(appear)s 3867(in;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_12 /DEST pdfmark 0 12199(\213)m 480(What)s 1058(colour)s 1729(underlines)s 2776(within)s 3444(the)s 3792(object)s 4436(are)s 4783(to)s 5022(appear)s 5719(in;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_13 /DEST pdfmark 0 11696(\213)m 480(Whether)s 220 fnt2 1363 11693(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 2332 11696(is)m 2542(in)s 2785(ef)s 6(fect;)k [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_14 /DEST pdfmark 0 11212(\213)m 480(The)s 908(language)s 1828(of)s 2099(the)s 2447(object;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_15 /DEST pdfmark 0 10709(\213)m 480(Whether)s 220 fnt2 1363 10706(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 2320 10709(,)m 220 fnt2 2427 10706(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt1 3473 10709(and)m 220 fnt2 3877 10706(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 4885 10709(are)m 5232(in)s 5475(ef)s 6(fect.)k [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_det_size_16 /DEST pdfmark 0 10209(The)m 423(style)s 925(of)s 1191(an)s 1468(object)s 2107(depends)s 2938(on)s 3229(where)s 3864(it)s 4051(appears)s 4827(in)s 5064(the)s 5407(\207nal)s 5882(document.)s 6984(F)s 3(or)k 7368(e)s 3(xample,)k 8277(the)s 8619(style)s 0 9921(of)m 258(a)s 410(parameter)s 1410(depends)s 2233(on)s 2516(where)s 3142(it)s 3321(is)s 3517(used;)s 4054(the)s 4389(style)s 4882(of)s 5139(a)s 5292(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5912(is)s 6108(the)s 6443(style)s 6936(of)s 7193(the)s 7528(\207rst)s 7945(tar)s 4(get)k 8530(that)s 8934(it)s 0 9633(attempts)m 848(to)s 1075(attach)s 1690(itself)s 2226(to.)s 2563(Of)s 2875(course,)s 3594(the)s 3930(style)s 4424(of)s 4683(an)s 3(y)k 5068(object)s 5700(can)s 6077(be)s 6346(changed)s 7190(by)s 7472(using)s 8032(the)s 220 fnt2 8367 9630(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 9019 9633(,)m 220 fnt2 0 9342(@Break)m 240 fnt1 796 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 903 9342(@Space)m 240 fnt1 1740 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 1847 9342(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 3105 9345(or)m 220 fnt2 3364 9342(@SetColor)m 240 fnt1 4439 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 4547 9342(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 6744 9345(or)m 220 fnt2 7004 9342(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColor)k 240 fnt1 9019 9345(,)m 220 fnt2 0 9054(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 909 9057(,)m 1016(and)s 220 fnt2 1420 9054(@Language)m 240 fnt1 2671 9057(symbols.)m 480 8683(There)m 1089(are)s 1432(no)s 1720(standard)s 2584(def)s 2(ault)k 3300(v)s 6(alues)k 3952(for)s 4286(style,)s 4839(e)s 3(xcept)k 5516(that)s 5929(ro)s 6(w)k 6345(marks)s 6976(of)s 7242(w)s 2(ords)k 7872(initially)s 8663(pass)s 0 8395(half)m 447(the)s 800(height)s 1463(of)s 1738(an)s 2026(`x')s 2342(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2969(the)s 3321(baseline,)s 4216(small)s 4793(capitals)s 5577(are)s 5929(initially)s 6730(of)s 6(f)k 7079(and)s 7487(will)s 7918(be)s 8205(0.7)s 8558(times)s 0 8107(the)m 346(size)s 770(of)s 1039(full)s 1422(capitals,)s 2255(outlining)s 3170(is)s 3377(initially)s 4170(of)s 6(f,)k 4547(the)s 4892(interpretation)s 6233(of)s 6501(white)s 7085(space)s 7670(is)s 7877(initially)s 220 fnt2 8670 8104(lout)m 240 fnt1 9019 8107(,)m 0 7819(and)m 391(the)s 725(v)s 6(alues)k 1367(of)s 1624(the)s 220 fnt2 1958 7816(y)m 240 fnt1 2112 7819(and)m 220 fnt2 2502 7816(z)m 240 fnt1 2652 7819(units)m 3154(are)s 3487(zero.)s 4049(Therefore)s 5032(one)s 5420(must)s 5931(ensure)s 6597(that)s 7001(the)s 7335(root)s 7766(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8386(or)s 8631(each)s 0 7531(of)m 271(its)s 548(components)s 1757(is)s 1967(enclosed)s 2863(in)s 220 fnt2 3107 7528(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 3759 7531(,)m 220 fnt2 3866 7528(@Break)m 240 fnt1 4662 7531(,)m 220 fnt2 4770 7528(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 6028 7531(or)m 220 fnt2 6287 7528(@SetColor)m 240 fnt1 7362 7531(,)m 7470(and)s 220 fnt2 7875 7528(@Language)m 240 fnt1 0 7243(symbols.)m 1007(From)s 1631(there)s 2210(the)s 2604(style)s 3157(is)s 3413(passed)s 4155(to)s 4439(incoming)s 5442(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6212(and)s 6662(the)s 7056(objects)s 7830(within)s 8544(them.)s 0 6955(Enclosure)m 1012(in)s 220 fnt2 1255 6952(@Space)m 240 fnt1 2152 6955(is)m 2362(not)s 2728(required)s 3582(because)s 4395(the)s 220 fnt2 4743 6952(s)m 240 fnt1 4906 6955(unit)m 5338(is)s 5548(also)s 5986(set)s 6311(by)s 220 fnt2 6605 6952(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 7317 6955(\(Section)m 8170(3.5\).)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_3 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_4 /DEST pdfmark 536 6581(The)m 959(remainder)s 1983(of)s 2249(this)s 2641(section)s 3370(e)s 3(xplains)k 4210(ho)s 6(w)k 4667(the)s 5010(size)s 5433(of)s 5699(each)s 6189(object)s 6829(\(its)s 7179(width)s 7777(and)s 8176(height)s 8829(on)s 0 6293(the)m 353(printed)s 1094(page\))s 1679(is)s 1895(determined.)s 3140(W)s 19(e)k 3514(will)s 3946(treat)s 4434(width)s 5042(only)s 15(,)k 5566(since)s 6118(height)s 6782(is)s 6997(determined)s 8136(in)s 8385(e)s 3(xactly)k 0 6005(the)m 348(same)s 895(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 1384(e)s 3(xcept)k 2065(that)s 2483(the)s 2831(complications)s 4223(introduced)s 5304(by)s 5598(paragraph)s 6611(breaking)s 7501(are)s 7848(absent.)s 480 5631(W)m 9(ith)k 1006(three)s 1539(e)s 3(xceptions)k 2611(\(see)s 3051(belo)s 6(w\),)k 3817(the)s 4165(width)s 4768(of)s 5039(an)s 5323(object)s 5967(is)s 6178(as)s 6428(lar)s 4(ge)k 6958(as)s 7208(it)s 7401(possibly)s 8253(could)s 8844(be)s 0 5343(without)m 784(violating)s 1679(a)s 220 fnt2 1837 5340(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 2603 5343(symbol)m 3355(or)s 3606(intruding)s 4528(into)s 4945(the)s 5285(space)s 5864(occupied)s 6778(by)s 7064(neighbouring)s 8386(g)s 1(aps)k 8867(or)s 0 5055(objects.)m 841(As)s 1158(an)s 1441(aid)s 1791(to)s 2030(in)s 9(v)k 3(estig)k 1(ating)k 3305(this)s 3701(rule,)s 4179(we)s 4514(will)s 4940(use)s 5315(the)s 5663(de\207nition)s 220 fnt2 480 4554(def @TightBo)m 6(x r)k -3(ight x)k 480 4266({)m 480 3978( "0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto xsiz)k 3(e ysiz)k 3(e lineto 0 ysiz)k 3(e lineto closepath strok)k 4(e")k 480 3690( @Gr)m 2(aphic x)k 480 3402(})m 240 fnt1 0 2908(which)m 657(dra)s 3(ws)k 1291(a)s 1472(box)s 1903(around)s 2641(the)s 3004(boundary)s 3978(of)s 4265(its)s 4556(right)s 5082(parameter)s 6111(\(Section)s 6980(3.43\))s 7543(with)s 8040(no)s 8349(mar)s 4(gin.)k 0 2620(The)m 428(result)s 1018(of)s 220 fnt2 480 2169(5c @Wide @TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 0 1670(is)m 2835 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 1165 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 0 52(metempsychosis)m grestore 0 714(The)m 431(widest)s 1119(that)s 220 fnt2 1541 711(@TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 4376 714(could)m 4970(possibly)s 5826(be)s 6112(is)s 6326(\207v)s 3(e)k 6742(centimetres,)s 7953(and)s 8361(accord-)s 0 426(ingly)m 552(that)s 977(is)s 1194(its)s 1477(width.)s 2193(The)s 2628(same)s 3182(applies)s 3917(to)s 220 fnt2 4163 423(metempsychosis)m 240 fnt1 5791 426(,)m 5905(which)s 6554(is)s 6771(\207v)s 3(e)k 7190(centimetres)s 8348(wide)s 8876(as)s 0 138(well.)m 583(Note)s 1113(carefully)s 2024(that)s 2451(there)s 2992(is)s 3211(no)s 3513(object)s 4166(in)s 4418(this)s 4822(e)s 3(xample)k 5694(whose)s 6371(width)s 6982(is)s 7200(equal)s 7782(to)s 8030(the)s 8387(sum)s 8855(of)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 26 32 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(26)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(the)m 348(widths)s 1037(of)s 1308(the)s 1656(letters)s 2289(of)s 220 fnt2 2560 13202(metempsychosis)m 240 fnt1 4188 13205(.)m 480 12831(The)m 903(\207rst)s 1329(of)s 1595(the)s 1938(three)s 2466(e)s 3(xceptions)k 3532(to)s 3766(the)s 4109(`as)s 4433(wide)s 4949(as)s 5194(possible')s 6085(rule)s 6507(is)s 6712(the)s 220 fnt2 7055 12828(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 8314 12831(symbol,)m 0 12543(which)m 644(causes)s 1322(the)s 1672(width)s 2277(of)s 2551(its)s 2829(right)s 3343(parameter)s 4360(to)s 4601(be)s 4886(reduced)s 5703(to)s 5945(a)s 6114(reasonable)s 7194(minimum)s 8187(\(a)s 8435(formal)s 0 12255(de\207nition)m 974(will)s 1400(not)s 1766(be)s 2048(attempted\):)s 220 fnt2 480 11754(5c @Wide @HContr)m 2(act @TightBo)k 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 0 11255(produces)m 1572 215 0 106 240 288 60 480 10700 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 0 52(metempsychosis)m grestore 0 10249(The)m 482(object)s 220 fnt2 1180 10246(@HContr)m 2(act @TightBo)k 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 5334 10249(is)m 5598(still)s 6064(\207v)s 3(e)k 6530(centimetres)s 7735(wide,)s 8361(b)s 4(ut)k 8778(the)s 0 9961(object)m 220 fnt2 644 9958(@TightBo)m 6(x metempsychosis)k 240 fnt1 3475 9961(has)m 3845(been)s 4354(reduced.)s 480 9587(The)m 922(second)s 1659(of)s 1945(the)s 2307(three)s 2855(e)s 3(xceptions)k 3940(is)s 4165(the)s 4527(horizontal)s 5565(concatenation)s 6965(symbol)s 220 fnt2 7739 9584(|)m 240 fnt1 7851 9587(\(and)m 8348(also)s 220 fnt2 8801 9584(&)m 240 fnt1 8943 9587(\).)m 0 9299(Consider)m 924(this)s 1320(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt2 480 8798(5c @Wide @TightBo)m 6(x { A |1c B |1c C })k 240 fnt1 0 8299(As)m 317(usual,)s 929(the)s 1277(right)s 1788(parameter)s 2802(of)s 220 fnt2 3073 8296(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 3847 8299(is)m 4057(\207v)s 3(e)k 4469(centimetres)s 5620(wide,)s 6192(and)s 6596(the)s 6944(result)s 7534(looks)s 8104(lik)s 2(e)k 8516(this:)s 2835 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 7794 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 0 3(A)m 737(B)s 1447(C)s grestore 0 7343(Lout)m 512(has)s 882(to)s 1121(apportion)s 2095(the)s 2443(size)s 2870(minus)s 3506(inter)s 4(-column)k 4793(g)s 1(aps)k 5282(among)s 5987(the)s 6335(three)s 6868(columns.)s 480 6969(If)m 707(the)s 1052(columns)s 1911(are)s 2255(wide)s 2772(enough)s 3532(to)s 3768(require)s 4497(paragraph)s 5507(breaking,)s 6447(Lout)s 6956(will)s 7379(assign)s 8031(sizes)s 8543(to)s 8778(the)s 0 6681(columns)m 864(in)s 1110(such)s 1609(a)s 1778(w)s 2(ay)k 2232(as)s 2484(to)s 2726(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3282(narro)s 6(w)k 4010(columns)s 4875(unbrok)s 2(en)k 5837(and)s 6244(break)s 6839(wider)s 7446(columns)s 8311(to)s 8553(equal)s 0 6393(width,)m 652(occup)s 2(ying)k 1702(the)s 2051(full)s 2438(size.)s 2974(Otherwise,)s 4064(paragraph)s 5077(breaking)s 5968(is)s 6179(not)s 6546(required,)s 7450(and)s 7855(each)s 8351(column)s 0 6105(will)m 431(be)s 719(assigned)s 1607(a)s 1779(reasonable)s 2863(minimum)s 3858(size)s 4291(in)s 4540(the)s 4894(manner)s 5677(of)s 220 fnt2 5953 6102(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 7157 6105(,)m 7270(e)s 3(xcept)k 7957(that)s 8381(the)s 8735(last)s 0 5817(column)m 775(recei)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 1599(all)s 1892(the)s 2240(lefto)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 3036(width.)s 3745(F)s 3(or)k 4134(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 5316(5c @Wide { @TightBo)m 6(x A |1c @TightBo)k 6(x B |1c @TightBo)k 6(x C })k 240 fnt1 0 4817(has)m 370(result)s 170 165 0 57 240 288 60 480 4362 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 0 3(A)m grestore 143 165 0 57 240 288 60 1217 4362 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 0 3(B)m grestore 1388 165 0 57 240 288 60 1927 4362 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 0 3(C)m grestore 0 3911(If)m 237(it)s 436(is)s 653(desired)s 1408(that)s 1833(the)s 2188(lefto)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 2991(width)s 3600(remain)s 4327(unused,)s 5120(rather)s 5743(than)s 6219(going)s 6825(into)s 7257(the)s 7612(last)s 8010(column,)s 8843(an)s 0 3623(empty)m 654(column)s 1431(can)s 1822(be)s 2106(appended,)s 3133(or)s 3394(the)s 3744(last)s 4137(column)s 4914(can)s 5305(be)s 5589(enclosed)s 6486(in)s 220 fnt2 6731 3620(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 7935 3623(.)m 8101(T)s 19(w)k 2(o)k 8575(other)s 0 3335(w)m 2(ays)k 560(to)s 819(apportion)s 1813(the)s 2181(lefto)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 2997(width)s 3619(are)s 3986(pro)s 3(vided)k 4912(by)s 5226(the)s 220 fnt2 5594 3332(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 6787 3335(and)m 220 fnt2 7211 3332(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt1 8277 3335(symbols)m 0 3047(\(Sections)m 940(3.16)s 1413(and)s 1817(3.19\).)s 480 2673(The)m 914(third)s 1430(and)s 1841(\207nal)s 2328(e)s 3(xception)k 3319(to)s 3565(the)s 3920(`as)s 4255(wide)s 4783(as)s 5040(possible')s 5943(rule)s 6377(concerns)s 7285(the)s 7640(components)s 8855(of)s 0 2385(the)m 348(root)s 793(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 1522(Each)s 2057(is)s 2267(considered)s 3361(to)s 3600(be)s 3882(enclosed)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_5 /DEST pdfmark 4777(in)s 220 fnt2 5020 2382(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 6284 2385(and)m 220 fnt2 6688 2382(@VContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 7940 2385(symbols.)m 480 2011(Up)m 836(to)s 1086(this)s 1493(point)s 2056(we)s 2401(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2913(treated)s 3631(width)s 4244(as)s 4505(a)s 4681(single)s 5319(quantity)s 15(,)k 6206(b)s 4(ut)k 6579(of)s 6860(course)s 7551(it)s 7754(has)s 8135(tw)s 2(o)k 8556(parts:)s 0 1723(width)m 602(to)s 841(left)s 1218(and)s 1622(right)s 2133(of)s 2404(the)s 2752(mark.)s 3407(The)s 3835(`as)s 4164(wide)s 4685(as)s 4935(possible')s 5831(rule)s 6258(applies)s 6986(to)s 7225(both)s 7708(directions:)s 220 fnt2 480 1222(@HContr)m 2(act { @TightBo)k 6(x 953^.05 /0.5c @TightBo)k 6(x 2^.8286 })k 240 fnt1 0 723(has)m 370(result)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 27 33 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.6.)m 1871(The)s 2283(style)s 2773(and)s 3199(size)s 3610(of)s 3891(objects)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(27)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 877 170 344 59 240 288 60 480 13198 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 0 5(953)m 344(.05)s grestore 877 167 344 57 240 288 60 480 12748 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 230 3(2)m 344(.8286)s grestore 0 12297(Lefto)m 3(v)k 3(er)k 868(width)s 1461(usually)s 2197(goes)s 2678(to)s 2908(the)s 3247(right,)s 3796(as)s 4037(we)s 4364(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4856(seen,)s 5379(b)s 4(ut)k 5732(here)s 6190(some)s 6742(width)s 7335(w)s 2(as)k 7747(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8646(only)s 0 12009(to)m 239(the)s 587(left)s 964(of)s 220 fnt2 1235 12006(2.8286)m 240 fnt1 1958 12009(o)m 6(wing)k 2604(to)s 2843(the)s 3191(column)s 3966(mark)s 4518(alignment.)s 240 fnt5 0 11216(2.7.)m 471(Galleys)s 1282(and)s 1723(tar)s 2(gets)k [ /Dest /LOUTtargets /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 10739(The)m 909(beha)s 4(viour)k 1924(of)s 2197(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2923(and)s 3328(their)s 3827(tar)s 4(gets,)k 4568(as)s 4820(described)s 5796(in)s 6040(Section)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark 6816(1.4,)s 7225(can)s 7616(be)s 7900(summarized)s 0 10451(in)m 243(three)s 776(la)s 3(ws:)k 240 fnt6 0 9999(F)m 10(ir)k 2(st)k 540(Law)s 240 fnt1 949 9997(:)m 1139(The)s 1592(\207rst)s 2047(tar)s 4(get)k 2671(is)s 2905(the)s 3278(closest)s 4012(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5091(of)s 5386(the)s 5759(tar)s 4(get)k 6382(symbol,)s 7219(either)s 7846(preceding)s 8867(or)s 0 9709(follo)m 6(wing)k 972(the)s 1315(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2363(point)s 2910(of)s 3175(the)s 3518(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4146(as)s 4391(required,)s 5288(which)s 5925(has)s 6289(suf\207cient)s 7233(space)s 7814(to)s 8048(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8778(the)s 0 9421(\207rst)m 431(component;)s 240 fnt6 0 8918(Second)m 773(Law)s 240 fnt1 1182 8916(:)m 1364(Each)s 1915(subsequent)s 3055(tar)s 4(get)k 3670(is)s 3896(the)s 4259(closest)s 4985(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6055(of)s 6342(the)s 6706(tar)s 4(get)k 7321(symbol,)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 0 8628(the)m 337(pre)s 6(vious)k 1195(tar)s 4(get)k 1783(and)s 2176(lying)s 2710(within)s 3367(the)s 3704(same)s 4240(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 4901(which)s 5532(has)s 5891(suf\207cient)s 6829(space)s 7405(to)s 7633(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8358(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 8340(remaining)m 1022(component;)s 240 fnt6 0 7837(Thir)m 8(d)k 607(Law)s 240 fnt1 1016 7835(:)m 1199(A)s 1446(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2385(symbol)s 3162(that)s 3597(does)s 4104(not)s 4487(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5240(at)s 5489(least)s 6003(one)s 6422(component)s 7563(of)s 7851(an)s 3(y)k 8265(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8916(is)s 0 7547(replaced)m 867(by)s 220 fnt2 1161 7544(@Null)m 240 fnt1 1746 7547(.)m 0 7044(The)m 436(terms)s 1025(`closest,)s 16(')k 1918(`preceding,)s 16(')k 3104(and)s 3516(`follo)s 6(wing')k 4639(refer)s 5156(to)s 5403(position)s 6239(in)s 6490(the)s 6846(\207nal)s 7334(printed)s 8078(document.)s 0 6756(This)m 476(section)s 1210(e)s 3(xplains)k 2055(the)s 2403(operation)s 3363(of)s 3634(these)s 4181(la)s 3(ws)k 4667(in)s 4910(Basser)s 5607(Lout.)s 480 6382(When)m 1100(a)s 1257(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1881(cannot)s 2570(be)s 2843(\207tted)s 3382(into)s 3798(just)s 4194(one)s 4586(tar)s 4(get,)k 5223(Lout)s 5726(must)s 6241(\207nd)s 6663(points)s 7290(in)s 7523(the)s 7862(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8486(where)s 0 6094(it)m 191(can)s 579(be)s 860(split)s 1330(in)s 1572(tw)s 2(o.)k 2091(The)s 2518(object)s 3161(lying)s 3705(between)s 4558(tw)s 2(o)k 4966(neighbouring)s 6295(potential)s 7185(split)s 7655(points)s 8290(is)s 8498(called)s 0 5806(a)m 240 fnt6 166 5808(component)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1281 5806(of)m 1552(the)s 1900(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 2629(By)s 2963(de\207nition,)s 3987(a)s 4153(component)s 5277(cannot)s 5975(be)s 6257(split.)s 480 5432(T)m 19(o)k 813(determine)s 1857(the)s 2239(components)s 3480(of)s 3785(a)s 3984(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 4690(e)s 3(xpand)k 5470(all)s 5797(symbols)s 6679(other)s 7264(than)s 7766(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8722(and)s 0 5144(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 909(ones,)s 1442(discard)s 2177(all)s 220 fnt2 2457 5141(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 3109 5144(,)m 220 fnt2 3203 5141(@Break)m 240 fnt1 3999 5144(,)m 220 fnt2 4093 5141(@Space)m 240 fnt1 4930 5144(,)m 220 fnt2 5024 5141(@SetColor)m 240 fnt1 6099 5144(,)m 220 fnt2 6193 5141(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 7390 5144(,)m 7484(and)s 220 fnt2 7875 5141(@Language)m 240 fnt1 0 4856(symbols,)m 908(perform)s 1740(paragraph)s 2756(breaking)s 3649(as)s 3902(required,)s 4809(and)s 5216(discard)s 5967(all)s 6263(redundant)s 7283(braces.)s 8060(Then)s 8613(vie)s 6(w)k 0 4568(the)m 367(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1020(as)s 1290(a)s 1475(sequence)s 2428(of)s 2718(one)s 3140(or)s 3418(more)s 3984(objects)s 4732(separated)s 5711(by)s 6025(v)s 3(ertical)k 6811(concatenation)s 8216(symbols;)s 0 4280(these)m 567(are)s 935(the)s 1304(components)s 2533(and)s 2958(split)s 3450(points,)s 4163(e)s 3(xcept)k 4865(that)s 5304(concatenation)s 6710(symbols)s 7580(whose)s 8269(g)s 1(aps)k 8779(are)s 0 3992(unbreakable)m 1225(\(Section)s 2078(3.2\))s 2506(are)s 2853(not)s 3219(eligible)s 3991(to)s 4230(be)s 4512(split)s 4983(points.)s 5732(F)s 3(or)k 6121(e)s 3(xample,)k 7035(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7615(the)s 7963(de\207nition)s 220 fnt2 480 3491(def @Section into { @SectionPlace&&preceding })m 480 3203( named @Title {})m 480 2915( r)m -3(ight @Body)k 480 2627({)m 480 2339( 15p @F)m 6(ont { @Title //0.7f })k 480 2051( //)m 480 1763( @Body)m 480 1475(})m 240 fnt1 0 981(the)m 348(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 28 34 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(28)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(@Section)m 480 12919( @Title { Introduction })m 480 12631({ )m 11(This is a subject that really)k 480 12343(needs no introduction.)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 11849(becomes)m 220 fnt2 480 11402(Introduction)m 480 11114(//0.7f)m 480 10826({})m 480 10538(//)m 480 10250(This is a subject that really needs)m 480 9962(//1vx)m 480 9674(no introduction.)m 240 fnt1 0 9220(with)m 482(four)s 939(components.)s 2260(If)s 220 fnt2 2489 9217(@Body)m 240 fnt1 3269 9220(had)m 3673(been)s 4181(preceded)s 5102(by)s 220 fnt2 5395 9217(|1.0c)m 240 fnt1 5921 9220(in)m 6164(the)s 6511(de\207nition,)s 7535(the)s 7882(result)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 8932(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k 501(been)s 220 fnt2 480 8484(Introduction)m 480 8196(//0.7f)m 480 7908({})m 480 7620(//)m 480 7332(|1.0c { )m 11(This is a subject that really needs //1vx no introduction.)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 6834(with)m 220 fnt2 524 6831(//1vx)m 240 fnt1 1089 6834(b)m 4(uried)k 1796(within)s 2507(one)s 2951(component)s 4118(and)s 4564(hence)s 5221(not)s 5629(a)s 5838(potential)s 6771(split)s 7285(point.)s 7983(If)s 220 fnt2 8256 6831(0.7f)m 240 fnt1 8722 6834(had)m 0 6546(been)m 220 fnt2 525 6543(0.7fu)m 240 fnt1 999 6546(,)m 1123(the)s 1488(g)s 1(ap)k 1903(w)s 2(ould)k 2575(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3092(been)s 3618(unbreakable)s 4860(and)s 220 fnt2 5281 6543(//0.7fu)m 240 fnt1 5954 6546(w)m 2(ould)k 6625(not)s 7008(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7526(been)s 8052(a)s 8235(potential)s 0 6258(split)m 471(point.)s 480 5884(V)m 26(ersion)k 1310(3.03)s 1816(has)s 2228(liberalized)s 3335(this)s 3773(some)s 6(what)k 4840(in)s 5125(the)s 5515(follo)s 6(wing)k 6534(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 7122(When)s 7793(a)s 8002(component)s 0 5596(consists)m 808(of)s 1080(a)s 1247(horizontal)s 2271(sequence)s 3205(of)s 3477(tw)s 2(o)k 3887(or)s 4147(more)s 4695(objects)s 240 fnt6 5423 5598(A)m 168 fnt4 5558 5505(1)m 240 fnt4 5637 5590(,)m 5746(\274)s 6046(,)s 240 fnt6 6155 5598(A)m 168 fnt6 6290 5511(n)m 240 fnt1 6431 5596(separated)m 7391(by)s 220 fnt2 7686 5593(|)m 240 fnt1 7784 5596(\(not)m 220 fnt2 8229 5593(||)m 240 fnt1 8323 5596(,)m 8431(not)s 220 fnt2 8798 5593(&)m 240 fnt1 8940 5596(\),)m 0 5308(Lout)m 506(will)s 926(in)s 9(v)k 3(estig)k 1(ate)k 1998(the)s 2339(component)s 3457(to)s 3690(see)s 4044(whether)s 4868(it)s 5054(can)s 5436(be)s 5712(brok)s 2(en)k 6426(up.)s 6823(It)s 7022(looks)s 7586(at)s 7811(each)s 240 fnt6 8300 5310(A)m 168 fnt6 8435 5223(i)m 240 fnt1 8533 5308(to)m 8765(see)s 0 5020(whether)m 830(it)s 1023(is)s 1234(a)s 1401(v)s 3(ertical)k 2169(concatenation)s 3555(of)s 3827(objects)s 240 fnt6 4556 5022(A)m 168 fnt6 4691 4935(i)m 168 fnt4 4743 4929(1)m 240 fnt4 4822 5014(,)m 4932(\274)s 5232(,)s 240 fnt6 5342 5022(A)m 168 fnt6 5477 4935(im)m 240 fnt1 5641 5020(;)m 5754(if)s 5972(tw)s 2(o)k 6383(or)s 6643(more)s 7191(of)s 7463(the)s 240 fnt6 7812 5022(A)m 168 fnt6 7947 4935(i)m 240 fnt1 8052 5020(satisfy)m 8730(this)s 0 4732(condition,)m 1009(the)s 1354(component)s 2475(will)s 2898(not)s 3262(be)s 3541(brok)s 2(en)k 4258(up.)s 4659(So)s 4962(no)s 6(w)k 5421(suppose)s 6246(we)s 6578(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7076(just)s 7479(one)s 240 fnt6 7878 4734(A)m 168 fnt6 8013 4647(i)m 240 fnt1 8114 4732(which)m 8753(is)s 8960(a)s 0 4444(v)m 3(ertical)k 757(concatenation.)s 2239(Lout)s 2741(will)s 3156(break)s 3738(the)s 4076(component)s 5189(into)s 5604(one)s 5996(component)s 7109(for)s 7437(each)s 7922(of)s 8182(the)s 240 fnt6 8520 4446(A)m 168 fnt6 8655 4359(i)m 168 fnt4 8707 4353(1)m 240 fnt4 8775 4438(,)m 8851(\274)s 3 4150(,)m 240 fnt6 80 4158(A)m 168 fnt6 215 4071(im)m 240 fnt1 379 4156(,)m 476(pro)s 3(vided)k 1373(that)s 1781(the)s 3(y)k 2234(are)s 2571(separated)s 3521(by)s 220 fnt2 3806 4153(//)m 240 fnt1 3981 4156(symbols)m 4820(\(not)s 220 fnt2 5255 4153(/)m 240 fnt1 5319 4156(\),)m 5495(and)s 5890(pro)s 3(vided)k 6786(this)s 7172(can)s 7551(be)s 7823(done)s 8335(without)s 0 3868(introducing)m 1155(an)s 3(y)k 1550(apparent)s 2431(change)s 3164(into)s 3587(the)s 3933(appearance)s 5062(of)s 5332(the)s 5678(component)s 6800(\(this)s 7274(second)s 7995(rule)s 8420(will)s 8844(be)s 0 3580(satis\207ed)m 847(if)s 1071(the)s 1426(other)s 240 fnt6 1984 3582(A)m 168 fnt6 2119 3495(j)m 240 fnt1 2232 3580(are)m 2586(not)s 2959(v)s 3(ery)k 3442(lar)s 4(ge\).)k 4165(The)s 4600(e)s 3(xample)k 5470(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 6099(satis\207es)s 6913(all)s 7213(these)s 7767(rules)s 8289(and)s 8700(will)s 0 3269(be)m 282(brok)s 2(en)k 1002(up)s 1295(into)s 1720(tw)s 2(o)k 2130(components,)s 3394(so)s 3660(the)s 220 fnt2 4008 3266(//1vx)m 240 fnt1 4530 3269(becomes)m 5418(a)s 5584(potential)s 6475(split)s 6946(point)s 7498(after)s 7994(all.)s 480 2895(The)m 913(lines)s 1421(of)s 1697(a)s 1869(paragraph)s 2887(become)s 3693(separate)s 4536(components)s 5750(if)s 5972(the)s 6326(paragraph)s 7344(occupies)s 8238(an)s 8527(entire)s 0 2607(component)m 1151(before)s 1844(breaking;)s 2820(otherwise)s 3833(the)s 3(y)k 4323(are)s 4697(enclosed)s 5619(in)s 5890(a)s 220 fnt2 6083 2604(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 7241 2607(symbol)m 8028(within)s 8724(one)s 0 2319(component.)m 1237(The)s 1675(same)s 2232(is)s 2452(true)s 2888(of)s 3169(incoming)s 4136(components)s 5354(of)s 5635(other)s 6195(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 7042(If)s 7282(a)s 220 fnt2 7458 2316(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 8366 2319(symbol)m 0 2031(occupies)m 892(an)s 1180(entire)s 1783(component)s 2912(by)s 3211(the)s 3563(rules)s 4083(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 4761(then)s 5234(the)s 5587(incoming)s 6549(components)s 7761(that)s 8184(replace)s 8934(it)s 0 1743(become)m 800(components)s 2008(of)s 2279(their)s 2776(ne)s 6(w)k 3223(home:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 29 35 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.7.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 2649(and)s 3075(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(29)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13154(An e)m 6(xample)k 480 12866(//0.5c)m 480 12578(@Galle)m 4(y)k 480 12290(//0.5c)m 480 12002(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt4 2500 12863(\336)m 220 fnt2 3141 13154(An e)m 6(xample)k 3141 12866(//0.5c)m 3141 12578(Incoming components)m 3141 12290(//0.2c)m 3141 12002(from some other galle)m 4(y)k 3141 11714(//0.5c)m 3141 11426(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt1 0 10870(Otherwise)m 1062(the)s 1435(incoming)s 2416(components)s 3649(are)s 4020(grouped)s 4888(within)s 5580(a)s 220 fnt2 5771 10867(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 6926 10870(symbol)m 7711(and)s 8139(lie)s 8458(within)s 0 10582(one)m 402(component.)s 480 10208(This)m 985(distinction)s 2080(has)s 2480(a)s 2675(mark)s 2(ed)k 3477(ef)s 6(fect)k 4103(on)s 4429(the)s 4806(v)s 3(ertical)k 5603(concatenation)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_4 /DEST pdfmark 7017(symbol)s 220 fnt2 7806 10205(//1.1b)m 240 fnt1 8347 10208(,)m 8484(which)s 0 9920(calls)m 509(for)s 868(more)s 1436(space)s 2045(than)s 2535(is)s 2766(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 3695(\(Section)s 4570(3.2\).)s 5134(There)s 5768(is)s 5999(no)s 6314(room)s 6900(for)s 7259(this)s 7676(symbol)s 8458(within)s 0 9632(an)m 3(y)k 402(component,)s 1579(so)s 1851(it)s 2049(will)s 2481(force)s 3033(a)s 3205(split)s 3682(and)s 4092(be)s 4379(discarded)s 5359(in)s 5608(that)s 6032(case.)s 6613(But)s 7025(it)s 7223(can)s 7618(be)s 7906(promoted)s 8887(to)s 0 9344(between)m 854(tw)s 2(o)k 1264(components.)s 480 8970(Components)m 1749(may)s 2223(be)s 2513(separated)s 3481(by)s 220 fnt2 3783 8967(/)m 240 fnt1 3914 8970(as)m 4172(well)s 4646(as)s 4904(by)s 220 fnt2 5206 8967(//)m 240 fnt1 5331 8970(,)m 5445(gi)s 6(ving)k 6112(rise)s 6520(to)s 6767(column)s 7550(mark)s 8110(alignment)s 0 8682(between)m 854(adjacent)s 1710(components:)s 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 480 6982 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 1134 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 1020 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill grestore grestore 1134 340 0 340 240 288 60 567 510 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill grestore grestore 736 340 283 340 240 288 60 284 0 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill grestore grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 6531(When)m 688(aligned)s 1509(components)s 2777(are)s 3183(promoted)s 4218(into)s 4702(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5637(tar)s 4(gets,)k 6435(the)s 6843(meaning)s 7779(of)s 8110(alignment)s 0 6243(becomes)m 882(v)s 3(ery)k 1351(doubtful.)s 2319(F)s 3(or)k 2702(e)s 3(xample,)k 3609(what)s 4127(if)s 4338(the)s 4679(tar)s 4(gets)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_5 /DEST pdfmark 5355(are)s 5696(in)s 5932(dif)s 6(ferent)k 6800(columns)s 7656(of)s 7920(one)s 8315(page,)s 8867(or)s 0 5955(what)m 525(if)s 742(one)s 1144(lies)s 1526(within)s 220 fnt2 2194 5952(90d @Rotate)m 240 fnt1 3482 5955(?)m 480 5581(The)m 908(truth)s 1416(is)s 1626(that)s 220 fnt2 2044 5578(/)m 240 fnt1 2168 5581(causes)m 2843(all)s 3136(the)s 3484(objects)s 4212(that)s 4630(share)s 5190(a)s 5356(mark)s 5908(to)s 6147(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6648(equal)s 7221(width:)s 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 480 3881 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1701 1360 567 1360 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 1701 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 1020 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 1134 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill grestore grestore grestore 1701 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 510 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 1134 340 0 340 240 288 60 567 0 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill grestore grestore grestore 1701 340 567 340 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore 736 340 283 340 240 288 60 284 0 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill grestore grestore grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 3429(This)m 495(is)s 724(a)s 909(consequence)s 2207(of)s 2497(the)s 2864(`as)s 3212(wide)s 3753(as)s 4022(possible')s 4937(rule)s 5383(\(Section)s 6255(2.6\).)s 6817(Mark)s 7415(alignment)s 8451(occurs)s 240 fnt6 0 3143(incidentally)m 240 fnt1 1124 3141(,)m 1231(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2212(the)s 2560(fragments)s 3566(are)s 3913(placed)s 4595(into)s 5020(similar)s 5742(conte)s 3(xts.)k 480 2767(In)m 723(this)s 1106(connection)s 2200(we)s 2521(must)s 3033(also)s 3458(consider)s 4315(the)s 4649(special)s 5354(case)s 5808(of)s 6066(a)s 220 fnt2 6218 2764(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 7103 2767(symbol)m 7850(which)s 8478(shares)s 0 2479(its)m 276(column)s 1051(mark)s 1603(with)s 2085(some)s 2646(other)s 3197(object:)s 220 fnt2 480 1978(@Galle)m 4(y)k 480 1690(/0.2c)m 480 1402(@SomethingList)m 240 fnt1 0 903(\(The)m 220 fnt2 501 900(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 1392 903(may)m 1851(or)s 2104(may)s 2563(not)s 2922(occup)s 2(y)k 3660(an)s 3936(entire)s 4528(component;)s 5698(that)s 6109(doesn')s 4(t)k 6862(matter)s 7525(here.\))s 8177(If)s 8400(incom-)s 0 615(ing)m 355(components)s 1559(are)s 1901(separated)s 2857(by)s 220 fnt2 3146 612(//)m 240 fnt1 3327 615(rather)m 3938(than)s 4403(by)s 220 fnt2 4692 612(/)m 240 fnt1 4756 615(,)m 4859(the)s 5203(meaning)s 6075(is)s 6281(so)s 6542(doubtful)s 7404(that)s 7817(this)s 8209(is)s 8414(forbid-)s 0 327(den.)m 496(In)s 738(f)s 2(act,)k 1186(a)s 1337(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1957(whose)s 2611(components)s 3804(replace)s 4535(such)s 5017(a)s 220 fnt2 5168 324(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 6052 327(must)m 6563(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7049(a)s 7201(single)s 7814(column)s 8574(mark)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 30 36 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(30)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(running)m 783(its)s 1043(full)s 1413(length;)s 2108(that)s 2510(is,)s 2760(its)s 3021(components)s 4213(must)s 4722(all)s 4999(share)s 5544(a)s 5694(single)s 6305(column)s 7065(mark.)s 7704(This)s 8164(mark)s 8700(will)s 0 12917(be)m 281(mer)s 4(ged)k 1050(with)s 1530(the)s 1876(column)s 2649(mark)s 3199(passing)s 3969(through)s 4769(each)s 220 fnt2 5262 12914(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 6158 12917(that)m 6574(these)s 7119(components)s 8325(replace;)s 0 12629(all)m 293(the)s 641(objects)s 1369(on)s 1666(the)s 2014(resulting)s 2903(mer)s 4(ged)k 3674(mark)s 4226(will)s 4652(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5153(equal)s 5726(width.)s 480 12255(The)m 905(root)s 1347(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2016(where)s 2653(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 3717(collects)s 4494(immediately)s 5739(prior)s 6260(to)s 6496(output,)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_6 /DEST pdfmark 7212(is)s 7419(created)s 8162(automati-)s 0 11967(cally)m 15(,)k 555(not)s 920(by)s 1213(a)s 1378(de\207nition.)s 2457(Its)s 2745(tar)s 4(get)k 3343(is)s 3552(the)s 3899(output)s 4569(\207le,)s 4980(and)s 5383(its)s 5658(object)s 6301(is)s 6509(the)s 6856(entire)s 7454(input,)s 8052(which)s 8692(typ-)s 0 11679(ically)m 584(looks)s 1154(lik)s 2(e)k 1566(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 11178(@P)m 8(ageList)k 480 10890(//)m 480 10602(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xt {)k 480 10314( Body te)m 6(xt of the document ...)k 480 10026(})m 240 fnt1 0 9532(where)m 220 fnt2 639 9529(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 1761 9532(e)m 3(xpands)k 2592(to)s 2830(a)s 2994(sequence)s 3925(of)s 4195(pages)s 4789(containing)s 220 fnt2 5850 9529(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 7067 9532(symbols)m 7914(\(see)s 8352(Section)s 0 9244(1.2\),)m 486(and)s 220 fnt2 890 9241(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 1564 9244(is)m 1774(a)s 1940(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y:)k 220 fnt2 480 8743(def @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace { @Galle)k 4(y })k 480 8167(def @T)m 26(e)k 6(xt into { @T)k 26(e)k 6(xtPlace&&preceding })k 480 7879( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 7591({)m 480 7303( x)m 480 7015(})m 240 fnt1 0 6521(The)m 428(spot)s 886(v)s 6(acated)k 1668(by)s 1961(a)s 2127(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2760(\211)s 2940(its)s 3215(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4268(point)s 4820(\211)s 4999(becomes)s 5887(a)s 220 fnt2 6052 6518(@Null)m 240 fnt1 6697 6521(object,)m 7387(so)s 7653(this)s 8048(root)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 6233(is)m 210(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 220 fnt2 1269 6230(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 2393 6233(alone,)m 3018(as)s 3269(required.)s 4229(The)s 220 fnt2 4657 6230(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 5331 6233(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5965(will)s 6392(\207nd)s 6823(its)s 7099(\207rst)s 7530(tar)s 4(get)k 8130(preceding)s 0 5945(its)m 276(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1330(point,)s 1929(within)s 220 fnt2 2597 5942(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 3661 5945(.)m 480 5571(Printing)m [ /Dest /LOUTrootg /DEST pdfmark 1308(the)s 1661(root)s 2112(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2751(on)s 3054(the)s 3407(output)s 4085(\207le)s 4451(is)s 4666(some)s 6(what)k 5696(problematical,)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_7 /DEST pdfmark 7121(because)s 7940(Lout)s 8457(has)s 8833(no)s 0 5283(w)m 2(ay)k 461(of)s 742(kno)s 6(wing)k 1638(ho)s 6(w)k 2109(lar)s 4(ge)k 2648(the)s 3006(paper)s 3607(is.)s 3941(Basser)s 4648(Lout)s 5170(simply)s 5885(prints)s 6490(one)s 6902(root)s 7357(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8002(component)s 0 4995(per)m 355(page)s 852(\(e)s 3(xcept)k 1601(it)s 1782(skips)s 2314(components)s 3511(of)s 3771(height)s 4418(zero\),)s 5005(and)s 5398(the)s 5735(user)s 6182(is)s 6381(responsible)s 7515(for)s 7842(ensuring)s 8708(that)s 0 4707(each)m 504(component)s 1637(is)s 1856(page-sized.)s 3051(Gaps)s 3603(between)s 4466(root)s 4920(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5563(components,)s 6836(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7345(unbreakable)s 8580(ones,)s 0 4419(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k 501(no)s 794(ef)s 6(fect)k 1390(on)s 1687(the)s 2035(result.)s 480 4045(Basser)m 1204(Lout)s 1744(will)s 2198(promote)s 3079(a)s 3273(component)s 4425(only)s 4933(after)s 5457(an)s 3(y)k 5882(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6832(symbols)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_8 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_9 /DEST pdfmark 7709(within)s 8405(it)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 3757(been)m 509(replaced,)s 1426(either)s 2029(by)s 2324(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3048(or)s 3308(by)s 220 fnt2 3602 3754(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4187 3757(,)m 4295(since)s 4842(until)s 5336(then)s 5805(the)s 6154(component)s 7278(is)s 7489(not)s 7855(complete.)s 8896(A)s 0 3469(component)m 1109(which)s 1736(shares)s 2369(a)s 2520(mark)s 3057(with)s 3524(follo)s 6(wing)k 4486(components)s 5679(is)s 5874(held)s 6329(up)s 6607(until)s 7085(the)s 3(y)k 7533(are)s 7865(all)s 8143(complete,)s 0 3181(since)m 547(until)s 1040(then)s 1509(their)s 2006(width)s 2608(is)s 2818(uncertain.)s 480 2807(Consider)m 1409(a)s 1581(page)s 2095(with)s 220 fnt2 2583 2804(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 3806 2807(and)m 220 fnt2 4216 2804(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 5373 2807(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 6301(symbols.)s 7268(The)s 7702(rule)s 8135(just)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 0 2519(will)m 418(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 1177(the)s 1517(page)s 2016(from)s 2531(being)s 3108(printed)s 3834(until)s 220 fnt2 4319 2516(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 5528 2519(is)m 5729(replaced)s 6588(by)s 6873(body)s 7399(te)s 3(xt,)k 7852(quite)s 8377(rightly;)s 0 2231(b)m 4(ut)k 220 fnt2 362 2228(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 1513 2231(will)m 1939(also)s 2377(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 3145(its)s 3421(printing,)s 4285(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4785(when)s 5361(there)s 5894(are)s 6241(no)s 6534(footnotes.)s 480 1857(Basser)m 1187(Lout)s 1709(is)s 1930(k)s 2(een)k 2447(to)s 2696(write)s 3253(out)s 3629(pages)s 4235(as)s 4496(soon)s 5016(as)s 5276(possible,)s 6178(to)s 6427(sa)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6911(memory)s 15(,)k 7811(and)s 8225(it)s 8428(cannot)s 0 1569(af)m 6(ford)k 624(to)s 852(w)s 2(ait)k 1309(fore)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2038(for)s 2365(non-e)s 3(xistent)k 3592(footnotes.)s 4635(A)s 4854(v)s 6(ariant)k 5559(of)s 5819(the)s 6156(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6778(concept,)s 7618(called)s 8235(a)s 240 fnt6 8389 1571(for)m 8(cing)k 0 1283(galle)m 7(y)k 240 fnt1 573 1281(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_10 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUTforcing /DEST pdfmark 680(is)s 890(introduced)s 1971(to)s 2210(solv)s 3(e)k 2768(this)s 3164(problem.)s 4125(A)s 4355(forcing)s 5098(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5732(is)s 5942(de\207ned)s 6705(lik)s 2(e)k 7117(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 780(def @T)m 26(e)k 6(xt f)k 6(orce into { @T)k 26(e)k 6(xtPlace&&preceding })k 480 492( ...)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 31 37 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.7.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 2649(and)s 3075(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(31)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(and)m 392(so)s 646(on.)s 1037(When)s 1654(such)s 2138(a)s 2291(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2913(replaces)s 3734(a)s 220 fnt2 3887 13202(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 4773 13205(symbol,)m 5573(Lout)s 6072(replaces)s 6893(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 7457(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8366(symbol)s 0 12917(preceding)m 1004(the)s 220 fnt2 1360 12914(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 2266 12917(by)m 220 fnt2 2568 12914(@Null)m 240 fnt1 3153 12917(,)m 3268(thus)s 3726(ensuring)s 4611(that)s 5038(as)s 5296(soon)s 5814(as)s 6072(te)s 3(xt)k 6495(enters)s 7124(a)s 7298(page,)s 7865(for)s 8212(e)s 3(xample,)k 0 12629(e)m 6(v)k 3(erything)k 1064(up)s 1354(to)s 1590(and)s 1991(including)s 2945(the)s 3289(preceding)s 4282(page)s 4787(can)s 5173(be)s 5452(printed.)s 6290(This)s 6762(does)s 7249(not)s 7612(tak)s 2(e)k 8061(care)s 8511(of)s 8778(the)s 0 12341(v)m 3(ery)k 479(last)s 873(page,)s 1435(b)s 4(ut)k 1801(Basser)s 2501(Lout)s 3016(replaces)s 3852(all)s 4149(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5074(symbols)s 5926(by)s 220 fnt2 6223 12338(@Null)m 240 fnt1 6872 12341(when)m 7451(it)s 7646(realizes)s 8428(that)s 8850(its)s 0 12053(input)m 552(has)s 922(all)s 1215(been)s 1724(read,)s 2242(thus)s 2692(allo)s 6(wing)k 3576(the)s 3924(last)s 4315(page)s 4823(to)s 5062(print.)s 480 11679(A)m 714(forcing)s 1461(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2099(causes)s 2779(the)s 3131(Third)s 3724(La)s 3(w)k 4204(to)s 4448(be)s 4734(applied)s 5500(earlier)s 6172(than)s 6646(e)s 3(xpected,)k 7604(and)s 8012(this)s 8413(creates)s 0 11391(tw)m 2(o)k 425(problems.)s 1495(First,)s 2055(the)s 2419(replacement)s 3662(by)s 220 fnt2 3972 11388(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4633 11391(may)m 5114(be)s 5412(premature:)s 6562(a)s 6744(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7394(may)s 7876(turn)s 8334(up)s 8643(later)s 0 11103(w)m 2(anting)k 869(one)s 1318(of)s 1636(the)s 2032(defunct)s 2856(tar)s 4(gets.)k 3699(Such)s 4283(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5054(\(entries)s 5867(in)s 6157(tables)s 6813(of)s 7131(contents)s 8026(are)s 8421(typical)s 0 10815(e)m 3(xamples\))k 1020(are)s 1358(copied)s 2045(into)s 2461(the)s 2801(cross)s 3334(reference)s 4268(database)s 5138(and)s 5534(read)s 5994(in)s 6228(during)s 6897(the)s 7237(ne)s 3(xt)k 7697(run)s 8064(just)s 8460(before)s 0 10527(their)m 488(tar)s 4(gets)k 1161(are)s 1498(closed,)s 2206(and)s 2600(so)s 2856(the)s 3(y)k 3309(\207nd)s 3730(their)s 4217(tar)s 4(gets)k 4891(in)s 5124(the)s 5462(end.)s 5962(Care)s 6459(must)s 6974(be)s 7246(tak)s 2(en)k 7809(to)s 8038(ensure)s 8708(that)s 0 10239(lar)m 4(ge)k 526(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1247(such)s 1739(as)s 1986(chapters)s 2829(and)s 3230(sections)s 4047(do)s 4337(not)s 4700(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5197(defunct)s 5971(tar)s 4(gets,)k 6706(since)s 7250(the)s 7594(cost)s 8036(of)s 8303(cop)s 2(ying)k 0 9951(them)m 538(to)s 777(and)s 1181(from)s 1705(the)s 2053(database)s 2932(is)s 3142(unacceptably)s 4458(high.)s 480 9577(It)m 694(is)s 914(actually)s 1734(an)s 2027(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 4(-simpli\207cation)k 3901(to)s 4150(say)s 4533(that)s 4961(these)s 5517(replacements)s 6838(occur)s 7439(when)s 8025(the)s 8383(forcing)s 0 9289(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 633(replaces)s 1464(its)s 220 fnt2 1738 9286(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 2576 9289(.)m 2738(What)s 3315(really)s 3910(happens)s 4744(is)s 4952(that)s 5368(from)s 5891(this)s 6285(moment)s 7127(on)s 7422(Lout)s 7932(understands)s 0 9001(that)m 414(it)s 602(has)s 968(the)s 1311(right)s 1818(to)s 2053(mak)s 2(e)k 2621(these)s 3163(replacements,)s 4526(and)s 4926(it)s 5114(will)s 5535(do)s 5824(each)s 6315(one)s 6713(at)s 6940(the)s 7284(\207rst)s 7711(moment)s 8550(when)s 0 8713(not)m 369(doing)s 972(it)s 1168(w)s 2(ould)k 1827(hold)s 2315(things)s 2955(up.)s 3363(So)s 3673(there)s 4210(is)s 4423(a)s 4593(short)s 5135(period)s 5808(of)s 6083(grace)s 6660(when)s 7240(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 8024(such)s 8524(as)s 8778(the)s 0 8425(entries)m 687(in)s 930(tables)s 1538(of)s 1809(contents)s 2657(just)s 3062(alluded)s 3824(to,)s 4117(can)s 4506(sneak)s 5112(into)s 5537(these)s 6084(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7006(symbols.)s 480 8051(The)m 220 fnt2 902 8048(into)m 240 fnt1 1302 8051(and)m 220 fnt2 1699 8048(f)m 6(orce into)k 240 fnt1 2642 8051(forms)m 3243(are)s 3584(actually)s 4387(just)s 4786(abbre)s 6(viations)k 6112(for)s 6444(the)s 6785(true)s 7206(w)s 2(ay)k 7650(that)s 8062(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 8779(are)s 0 7763(de\207ned,)m 806(which)s 1442(is)s 1646(by)s 1934(gi)s 6(ving)k 2586(the)s 2928(symbol)s 3682(that)s 4094(is)s 4297(to)s 4530(be)s 4806(a)s 4966(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5594(a)s 5753(parameter)s 6761(or)s 7014(nested)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_11 /DEST pdfmark 7677(de\207nition)s 8644(with)s 0 7475(the)m 348(special)s 1066(name)s 220 fnt2 1640 7472(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 2467 7475(:)m 220 fnt2 480 6974(def @T)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k 480 6686( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 6398({)m 480 6110( def @T)m 26(arget { @T)k 26(e)k 6(xtPlace&&preceding })k 480 5534( x)m 480 5246(})m 240 fnt1 0 4752(A)m 237(forcing)s 988(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1630(is)s 1848(obtained)s 2738(by)s 3039(using)s 220 fnt2 3619 4749(&&&)m 240 fnt1 4121 4752(instead)m 4864(of)s 220 fnt2 5143 4749(&&)m 240 fnt1 5431 4752(.)m 220 fnt2 5602 4749(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 6497 4752(may)m 6971(be)s 7261(an)s 7552(arbitrary)s 8435(object,)s 0 4464(pro)m 3(vided)k 908(that)s 1329(it)s 1524(yields)s 2149(such)s 2648(a)s 2817(cross)s 3362(reference)s 4307(when)s 4886(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated.)k 5957(In)s 6216(this)s 6615(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 7107(dif)s 6(ferent)k 7985(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 0 4176(may)m 466(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 967(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1842(tar)s 4(gets.)k 480 3802(The)m 904(forcing)s 1643(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2273(ef)s 6(fect)k 2865(can)s 3249(be)s 3527(obtained)s 4405(in)s 4644(another)s 5417(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 5901(by)s 6191(replacing)s 7129(the)s 220 fnt2 7473 3799(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 8366 3802(symbol)m 0 3514(to)m 245(which)s 893(the)s 1247(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1887(is)s 2103(attached)s 2964(by)s 220 fnt2 3264 3511(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 4657 3514(.)m 4827(The)s 5261(adv)s 6(antage)k 6287(of)s 6565(this)s 6967(form)s 7497(is)s 7713(that)s 8137(the)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 3226(can)m 389(then)s 858(be)s 1140(forcing)s 1883(at)s 2115(some)s 2676(places)s 3324(and)s 3728(not)s 4094(at)s 4326(others,)s 5017(using)s 5589(the)s 5937(formula)s 220 fnt2 480 2725(def @SomePlace r)m -3(ight x)k 480 2437({)m 480 2149( x @Case {)m 480 1861( nof)m 6(orce @Y)k 4(ield @Galle)k 4(y)k 480 1573( f)m 6(orce @Y)k 4(ield @F)k 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 480 1285( })m 480 997(})m 240 fnt1 0 503(No)m 6(w)k 514(a)s 680(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1314(may)s 1780(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 2281 500(@SomePlace)m 240 fnt1 3677 503(for)m 4015(its)s 4291(tar)s 4(get,)k 4937(and)s 5341(if)s 5558(it)s 5750(happens)s 6586(to)s 6825(attach)s 7452(to)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 32 38 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(32)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(@SomePlace f)m 6(orce)k 240 fnt1 0 12752(it)m 192(will)s 618(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1119(the)s 1467(ef)s 6(fect)k 2063(of)s 2334(a)s 2500(forcing)s 3243(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 3915(while)s 4502(if)s 4719(it)s 4911(happens)s 5747(to)s 5986(attach)s 6613(to)s 220 fnt2 480 12251(@SomePlace nof)m 6(orce)k 240 fnt1 0 11796(it)m 192(will)s 618(not.)s 480 11422(Although)m 1436(it)s 1621(doesn')s 4(t)k 2374(matter)s 3036(whether)s 3859(a)s 4018(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4645(is)s 4848(declared)s 5708(as)s 5951(a)s 6110(forcing)s 6846(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7473(or)s 7725(merely)s 8435(arri)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 0 11134(at)m 244(a)s 220 fnt2 422 11131(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 1887 11134(symbol)m 2659(from)s 3195(the)s 3555(point)s 4119(of)s 4402(vie)s 6(w)k 4928(of)s 5211(the)s 5571(ef)s 6(fect)k 6179(on)s 6488(nearby)s 7205(tar)s 4(gets,)k 7956(there)s 8501(is)s 8724(one)s 0 10846(w)m 2(ay)k 446(in)s 683(which)s 1319(Lout)s 1825(treats)s 2387(the)s 2729(tw)s 2(o)k 3133(cases)s 3682(dif)s 6(ferently)k 15(.)k 4827(If)s 5051(a)s 5211(forcing)s 5948(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k 6733(\207rst)s 7158(component)s 8276(does)s 8760(not)s 0 10558(\207t)m 264(into)s 695(the)s 1048(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 1962(space,)s 2606(that)s 3029(component)s 4159(will)s 4590(be)s 4878(scaled)s 5539(v)s 3(ertically)k 6496(until)s 6995(it)s 7192(does.)s 7801(The)s 8235(rationale)s 0 10270(for)m 343(this)s 744(is)s 959(that)s 1382(forcing)s 2130(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2860(are)s 3212(meant)s 3861(to)s 4105(carry)s 4654(the)s 5007(b)s 4(ulk)k 5496(of)s 5772(the)s 6125(document)s 7134(and)s 7543(cannot)s 8246(af)s 6(ford)k 8887(to)s 0 9982(be)m 295(held)s 779(up)s 1086(because)s 1913(the)s 2275(user)s 2747(has)s 3131(inadv)s 3(ertently)k 4456(included)s 5352(an)s 5649(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 4(-high)k 6640(component,)s 7825(which)s 8481(for)s 8833(all)s 0 9694(Lout)m 514(kno)s 6(ws)k 1188(to)s 1430(the)s 1781(contrary)s 2634(may)s 3103(not)s 3472(\207t)s 3734(on)s 4034(an)s 3(y)k 4433(page.)s 5052(If)s 5285(this)s 5684(scaling)s 6417(is)s 6630(not)s 6999(w)s 2(anted)k 7749(b)s 4(ut)k 8114(forcing)s 8860(is,)s 0 9406(the)m 348(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 982(may)s 1448(be)s 1730(declared)s 2597(not)s 2963(forcing)s 3706(b)s 4(ut)k 4068(all)s 4361(its)s 4637(tar)s 4(gets)k 5320(may)s 5786(be)s 6068(set)s 6393(to)s 6632(contain)s 220 fnt2 7393 9403(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 8786 9406(.)m 480 9032(W)m 9(ithin)k 1196(a)s 1367(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2043(a)s 2214(symbol)s 2978(whose)s 3651(name)s 4229(is)s 220 fnt2 4444 9029(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 5503 9032(has)m 5878(a)s 6048(special)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_12 /DEST pdfmark 6771(meaning:)s 7765(when)s 8346(compo-)s 0 8744(nents)m 556(of)s 827(the)s 1175(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1810(replace)s 2555(a)s 220 fnt2 2721 8741(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 3619 8744(or)m 220 fnt2 3879 8741(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 5332 8744(symbol,)m 6144(that)s 6562(symbol)s 7323(is)s 7533(\207rst)s 7964(replaced)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt2 0 8453(@Enclose)m 1055(@Galle)s 4(y)k 240 fnt1 1953 8456(or)m 220 fnt2 2212 8453(@Enclose)m 3267(@F)s 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 4660 8456(.)m 4824(F)s 3(or)k 5213(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 7955(def @Figure into @FigurePlace&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 480 7667( r)m -3(ight @Body)k 480 7379({)m 480 7091( def @Enclose)m 480 6803( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 6515( {)m 480 6227( @Bo)m 6(x x)k 480 5939( })m 480 5363( @Body)m 480 5075(})m 240 fnt1 0 4581(causes)m 705(each)s 220 fnt2 1230 4578(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 2159 4581(or)m 220 fnt2 2448 4578(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 3932 4581(symbol)m 4722(that)s 5171(recei)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 6025(components)s 7264(of)s 7565(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 220 fnt2 8230 4578(@Figure)m 240 fnt1 0 4293(to)m 250(be)s 544(replaced)s 1423(by)s 220 fnt2 1728 4290(@Bo)m 6(x @Galle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 3294 4293(or)m 220 fnt2 3565 4290(@Bo)m 6(x @F)k 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 5614 4293(,)m 5732(assuming)s 6701(an)s 6996(appropriate)s 8152(de\207nition)s 0 4005(of)m 220 fnt2 311 4002(@Bo)m 6(x.)k 240 fnt1 1109 4005(This)m 1626(is)s 1876(useful,)s 2608(for)s 2987(e)s 3(xample,)k 3941(when)s 4558(producing)s 5623(multi-page)s 6754(box)s 3(ed)k 7436(displays,)s 8368(\207gures,)s 0 3717(and)m 404(tables.)s 480 3343(An)m 220 fnt2 861 3340(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 1947 3343(symbol)m 2739(may)s 3236(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3769(only)s 4280(one)s 4714(parameter)s 9(,)k 5797(which)s 6471(must)s 7027(be)s 7341(a)s 7538(right)s 8081(parameter)s 13(.)k 0 3055(It)m 213(w)s 2(ould)k 877(not)s 1252(mak)s 2(e)k 1833(sense)s 2416(to)s 2664(allo)s 6(w)k 3252(more)s 3808(parameters,)s 4971(since)s 5527(there)s 6069(is)s 6288(no)s 6590(suitable)s 7398(v)s 6(alue)k 7975(to)s 8223(assign)s 8887(to)s 0 2767(them.)m 628(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 1574(the)s 220 fnt2 1908 2764(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 2949 2767(symbol)m 3695(may)s 4147(contain)s 4894(inner)s 5431(de\207nitions,)s 6534(and)s 6924(it)s 7102(may)s 7554(mak)s 2(e)k 8112(use)s 8473(of)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 2479(symbol)m 761(that)s 1181(is)s 1393(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 2303(at)s 2537(that)s 2956(point,)s 3557(in)s 3802(the)s 4152(usual)s 4714(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 5262(The)s 220 fnt2 5691 2476(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 6748 2479(symbol)m 7510(may)s 7978(be)s 8262(a)s 8430(named)s 0 2191(parameter)m 1016(\(itself)s 1645(with)s 2130(a)s 2298(right)s 2812(parameter\))s 3896(of)s 4169(the)s 4520(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5156(symbol,)s 5971(rather)s 6589(than)s 7060(an)s 7346(inner)s 7899(de\207nition)s 8876(as)s 0 1903(sho)m 6(wn)k 677(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 1350(if)s 1567(desired.)s 480 1529(It)m 696(mak)s 2(es)k 1367(sense)s 1952(for)s 2302(sorted)s 2955(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3690(containing)s 4765(a)s 220 fnt2 4942 1526(@Merge)m 240 fnt1 5850 1529(symbol)m 6621(\(Section)s 7486(2.8\))s 7925(to)s 8175(also)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 1241(an)m 220 fnt2 277 1238(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 1326 1241(symbol.)m 2188(The)s 2610(meaning)s 3480(is)s 3684(that)s 4095(after)s 4585(all)s 4872(mer)s 4(ging)k 5711(is)s 5915(done,)s 6481(each)s 6970(resulting)s 7852(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8480(has)s 8843(an)s 220 fnt2 0 950(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 1061 953(symbol)m 1827(which)s 2476(is)s 2692(applied)s 3461(in)s 3710(the)s 4064(usual)s 4631(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 5183(The)s 5618(v)s 6(alue)k 6192(of)s 6469(this)s 220 fnt2 6872 950(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 7933 953(symbol)m 8700(will)s 0 665(be)m 274(the)s 614(v)s 6(alue)k 1174(of)s 1437(an)s 220 fnt2 1712 662(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 2758 665(symbol)m 3510(from)s 4026(one)s 4420(of)s 4683(the)s 5022(contrib)s 4(uting)k 6232(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 7004(b)s 4(ut)k 7358(e)s 3(xactly)k 8091(which)s 8724(one)s 0 377(is)m 210(not)s 576(de\207ned.)s 1445(So)s 1751(it)s 1943(is)s 2153(safest)s 2756(if)s 2973(all)s 3266(such)s 220 fnt2 3762 374(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 4817 377(symbols)m 5666(produce)s 6493(the)s 6841(same)s 7388(result.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 33 39 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.7.)m 1871(Galle)s 7(ys)k 2649(and)s 3075(tar)s 8(g)k 2(ets)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(33)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13205(A)m 220 fnt2 709 13202(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 1597 13205(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2229(may)s 2693(f)s 2(ail)k 3061(to)s 3299(\207nd)s 3728(a)s 3892(\207rst)s 4321(tar)s 4(get)k 4918(lying)s 5461(in)s 5703(a)s 5867(follo)s 6(wing)k 6842(component)s 7964(of)s 8233(the)s 8579(same)s 0 12917(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 634(as)s 884(its)s 1159(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2213(point.)s 2868(This)s 3344(is)s 3553(a)s 3719(de\207cienc)s 3(y)k 4752(of)s 5023(Basser)s 5719(Lout,)s 6278(which)s 6919(occurs)s 7594(if)s 7810(the)s 8158(tar)s 4(get)k 8756(has)s 0 12629(not)m 356(been)s 855(read)s 1313(from)s 1827(input)s 2369(at)s 2590(the)s 2928(time)s 3398(the)s 3735(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4359(tries)s 4810(to)s 5038(\207nd)s 5459(it.)s 5745(A)s 5964(w)s 2(orkaround)k 7167(is)s 7367(to)s 7595(use)s 7960(a)s 220 fnt2 8115 12626(preceding)m 240 fnt1 0 12341(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 634(instead,)s 1418(de\207ned)s 2181(lik)s 2(e)k 2593(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 11840(def @A)m 6(Galle)k 4(y into { @A)k 6(Galle)k 4(yPlace&&preceding })k 480 11552( r)m -3(ight @Body)k 480 11264({)m 480 10976( //1.1b)m 480 10688( @Body)m 480 10400(})m 240 fnt1 0 9906(and)m 404(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 1219(lik)s 2(e)k 1631(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 9454(@A)m 6(Galle)k 4(yPlace | @A)k 6(Galle)k 4(y { content of galle)k 4(y })k 480 9166(//)m 480 8878(...)m 480 8590(@A)m 6(Galle)k 4(yPlace)k 240 fnt1 0 8092(The)m 419(\207rst)s 220 fnt2 841 8089(@A)m 6(Galle)k 4(yPlace)k 240 fnt1 2411 8092(recei)m 6(v)k 3(es)k 3226(only)s 3696(the)s 4035(initial)s 4636(empty)s 5279(object,)s 5960(since)s 6498(the)s 220 fnt2 6836 8089(//1.1b)m 240 fnt1 7428 8092(forces)m 8052(a)s 8209(split;)s 8722(and)s 0 7804(the)m 348(Second)s 1111(La)s 3(w)k 1587(puts)s 2037(Basser)s 2734(Lout)s 3246(on)s 3543(the)s 3891(right)s 4402(track)s 4940(thereafter)s 13(.)k 240 fnt5 0 7011(2.8.)m 471(Sorted)s 1203(galleys)s [ /Dest /LOUTsorted /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 6534(When)m 1128(footnotes)s 2088(are)s 2455(placed)s 3156(at)s 3407(the)s 3775(bottom)s 4532(of)s 4823(a)s 5008(page,)s 5586(the)s 3(y)k 6069(appear)s 6785(there)s 7337(in)s 7600(\207rst)s 8050(come,)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 6246(serv)m 3(ed)k 674(order)s 13(.)k 1324(T)s 19(o)k 1618(mak)s 2(e)k 2185(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2903(appear)s 3595(in)s 3832(sorted)s 4469(order)s 9(,)k 5065(as)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_1 /DEST pdfmark 5310(is)s 5514(needed)s 6245(in)s 6482(bibliographies)s 7896(and)s 8294(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es,)k 0 5958(a)m 178(parameter)s 1205(or)s 1477(nested)s 2158(de\207nition)s 3145(with)s 3640(the)s 4000(special)s 4731(name)s 220 fnt2 5318 5955(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 5977 5958(is)m 6200(added)s 6843(to)s 7094(the)s 7455(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8102(de\207nition,)s 0 5670(lik)m 2(e)k 412(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 5219(def @Inde)m 6(xEntr)k -6(y into { @Inde)k 6(xPlace&&f)k 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k 480 4931( left @K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k 480 4643( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 4355({ x })m 0 3858(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 674 3861(must)m 1226(be)s 1535(set)s 1887(to)s 2153(a)s 2346(simple)s 3066(w)s 2(ord,)k 3690(or)s 3976(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 4725(w)s 2(ords)k 5386(with)s 5895(nothing)s 6707(more)s 7281(comple)s 3(x)k 8184(than)s 8681(font)s 0 3573(changes)m 822(within)s 1490(them,)s 2075(when)s 2651(the)s 2999(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3633(is)s 3843(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed:)k 220 fnt2 480 3072({ cities compare } @Inde)m 6(xEntr)k -6(y { cities)k 3(, compar)k -3(ison of)k 6(, 27 })k 240 fnt1 0 2574(and)m 404(this)s 800(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 1195(is)s 1405(used)s 1902(to)s 2141(sort)s 2559(the)s 2907(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 480 2200(If)m 707(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 1425(sorted)s 2063(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2783(with)s 3261(the)s 3605(same)s 4148(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 4539(are)s 4882(sent)s 5323(to)s 5558(the)s 5902(same)s 6445(place,)s 7052(the)s 7396(def)s 2(ault)k 8113(beha)s 4(viour)k 0 1912(is)m 253(to)s 536(print)s 1091(only)s 1615(the)s 2007(\207rst)s 2481(of)s 2796(them;)s 3430(the)s 3822(assumption)s 5013(is)s 5266(that)s 5728(the)s 6120(others)s 6799(are)s 7190(probably)s 8139(unw)s 2(anted)k 0 1624(duplicates.)m 1128(This)s 1599(holds)s 2164(good)s 2697(for)s 3029(sorted)s 3666(reference)s 4604(lists,)s 5090(for)s 5423(e)s 3(xample:)k 6390(we)s 6720(don')s 4(t)k 7276(w)s 2(ant)k 7794(tw)s 2(o)k 8199(copies)s 8855(of)s 0 1336(a)m 166(reference)s 1109(just)s 1514(because)s 2327(we)s 2662(happen)s 3411(to)s 3650(cite)s 4050(it)s 4242(twice.)s 480 962(The)m 921(other)s 1485(common)s 2393(e)s 3(xample)k 3269(of)s 3553(sorted)s 4208(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 5001(inde)s 3(x)k 5598(entries,)s 6354(requires)s 7187(something)s 8251(dif)s 6(ferent)k 0 674(from)m 540(discarding)s 1606(duplicates:)s 240 fnt6 2758 676(mer)m 8(g)k 2(ed)k 240 fnt1 3549 674(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 4402(Suppose)s 5287(that)s 5722(at)s 5971(some)s 6548(point)s 7117(of)s 7405(the)s 7770(document)s 8791(we)s 0 386(insert)m 590(the)s 938(inde)s 3(x)k 1522(entry)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 34 40 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(34)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(ks @Inde)k 6(xEntr)k -6(y { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(ks)k 3(, 23 })k 240 fnt1 0 12709(while)m 587(at)s 819(another)s 1596(point)s 2148(we)s 2483(insert)s 220 fnt2 480 12208(aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(ks @Inde)k 6(xEntr)k -6(y { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(ks)k 3(, 359 })k 240 fnt1 0 11710(Ho)m 6(w)k 505(the)s 843(page)s 1341(numbers)s 2206(are)s 2544(w)s 2(ork)k 2(ed)k 3306(out)s 3662(is)s 3862(not)s 4219(rele)s 6(v)k 6(ant)k 5026(here.)s 5591(Clearly)s 6338(we)s 6664(w)s 2(ould)k 7309(lik)s 2(e)k 7711(to)s 7940(mer)s 4(ge)k 8579(these)s 0 11422(tw)m 2(o)k 410(entries)s 1097(into)s 1522(one)s 1924(entry)s 2469(that)s 2887(comes)s 3549(out)s 3915(as)s 480 10917(Aardv)m 6(arks, 23, 359)k 0 10433(The)m 428(follo)s 6(wing)k 1405(de\207nition)s 2379(will)s 2805(mer)s 4(ge)k 3454(tw)s 2(o)k 3864(objects)s 220 fnt2 4592 10430(x)m 240 fnt1 4760 10433(and)m 220 fnt2 5164 10430(y)m 240 fnt1 5332 10433(in)m 5575(this)s 5971(w)s 2(ay:)k 220 fnt2 480 9932(def @Merge left x r)m -3(ight y)k 480 9644({)m 480 9356( { x @Rump { x @Meld y } } @Case)m 480 9068( {)m 480 8780( "" @Y)m 4(ield x)k 480 8492( else @Y)m 4(ield { { x{@OneCol ,} } @Meld y })k 480 8204( })m 480 7628(})m 240 fnt1 0 7134(The)m 220 fnt2 428 7131(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 1288 7134(and)m 220 fnt2 1693 7131(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 2439 7134(symbols)m 3288(are)s 3636(the)s 3984(subject)s 4721(of)s 4993(Section)s 5767(3.28;)s 6299(and)s 6704(a)s 6870(detailed)s 7684(e)s 3(xplanation)k 8855(of)s 0 6846(ho)m 6(w)k 458(this)s 850(de\207nition)s 1820(w)s 2(orks)k 2450(is)s 2656(the)s 3000(subject)s 3733(of)s 4000(Section)s 4771(4.6.)s 5231(Our)s 5659(only)s 6135(problem)s 6988(is)s 7194(that)s 7608(this)s 8000(symbol)s 8756(has)s 0 6558(to)m 239(be)s 521(applied)s 1283(to)s 1522(tw)s 2(o)k 1932(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2656(from)s 3180(widely)s 3885(separated)s 4845(parts)s 5360(of)s 5631(the)s 5979(document.)s 480 6184(Lout)m 993(mak)s 2(es)k 1654(this)s 2052(possible)s 2893(by)s 3189(the)s 3538(follo)s 6(wing)k 4517(special)s 5236(rule:)s 5775(if)s 5993(a)s 6161(sorted)s 6804(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7440(contains)s 8289(a)s 8457(nested)s 0 5896(de\207nition)m 965(of)s 1227(a)s 1383(symbol)s 2134(whose)s 2793(name)s 3357(is)s 220 fnt2 3558 5893(@Merge)m 240 fnt1 4446 5896(\()m 220 fnt2 4519 5893(@Merge)m 240 fnt1 5406 5896(must)m 5922(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6414(just)s 6809(tw)s 2(o)k 7210(parameters,)s 8355(left)s 8722(and)s 0 5608(right\),)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_3 /DEST pdfmark 643(and)s 1054(if)s 1277(that)s 1702(sorted)s 2350(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2991(is)s 3207(preceded)s 4135(in)s 4384(the)s 4739(list)s 5096(of)s 5374(sorted)s 6022(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6753(destined)s 7614(for)s 7959(some)s 8527(tar)s 4(get)k 0 5320(by)m 300(another)s 1084(sorted)s 1733(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2374(with)s 2863(the)s 3217(same)s 3771(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 4211(then)s 4687(rather)s 5310(than)s 5785(being)s 6377(discarded,)s 7407(the)s 7762(second)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 5032(is)m 210(mer)s 4(ged)k 981(into)s 1406(the)s 1754(\207rst)s 2185(using)s 2757(the)s 220 fnt2 3105 5029(@Merge)m 240 fnt1 4002 5032(symbol.)m 480 4658(The)m 909(natural)s 1629(thing)s 2175(to)s 2416(do)s 2711(when)s 3288(more)s 3837(than)s 4307(tw)s 2(o)k 4719(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5445(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5947(the)s 6297(same)s 6845(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 7242(is)s 7454(to)s 7694(mer)s 4(ge)k 8345(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 4370(tw)m 2(o,)k 477(then)s 959(mer)s 4(ge)k 1621(the)s 1982(third)s 2504(with)s 2999(the)s 3360(result)s 3963(of)s 4247(that,)s 4725(then)s 5207(the)s 5568(fourth)s 6222(with)s 6717(the)s 7078(result)s 7681(of)s 7965(that,)s 8443(and)s 8860(so)s 0 4082(on.)m 403(F)s 3(or)k 790(ef\207cienc)s 3(y)k 1781(reasons)s 2547(be)s 3(yond)k 3306(our)s 3684(scope)s 4283(here,)s 4799(Lout)s 5309(does)s 5797(the)s 6144(mer)s 4(ging)k 6988(in)s 7229(a)s 7393(dif)s 6(ferent)k 8266(order:)s 8934(it)s 0 3794(mer)m 4(ges)k 240 fnt6 736 3796(n)m 240 fnt1 909 3794(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1632(by)s 1925(mer)s 4(ging)k 2770(the)s 3116(\207rst)s 240 fnt4 3592 3752(\353)m 240 fnt6 3685 3796(n)m 240 fnt4 3809 3788(/)m 3881(2)s 4006 3752(\373)m 240 fnt1 4197 3794(together)m 9(,)k 5077(then)s 5545(the)s 5892(last)s 240 fnt4 6327 3764(\351)m 240 fnt6 6420 3796(n)m 240 fnt4 6545 3788(/)m 6617(2)s 6741 3764(\371)m 240 fnt1 6933 3794(together)m 9(,)k 7813(then)s 8280(mer)s 4(ging)k 0 3506(the)m 334(result.)s 1014(Of)s 1323(course,)s 2040(if)s 2242(the)s 220 fnt2 2576 3503(@Merge)m 240 fnt1 3458 3506(symbol)m 4204(is)s 4399(associati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5480(this)s 5861(has)s 6217(the)s 6550(same)s 7083(ef)s 6(fect.)k 7768(The)s 8182(total)s 8646(time)s 0 3218(it)m 192(tak)s 2(es)k 733(to)s 972(mer)s 4(ge)k 240 fnt6 1622 3220(n)m 240 fnt1 1796 3218(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2521(with)s 3004(equal)s 3577(k)s 2(e)k 3(ys)k 4063(is)s 240 fnt6 4273 3220(O)m 240 fnt4 4454 3212(\()m 168 fnt4 4652 3311(2)m 240 fnt6 4538 3220(n)m 240 fnt4 4745 3212(\))m 240 fnt1 4872 3218(or)m 5131(some)s 6(what)k 6156(higher)s 6827(\(b)s 4(ut)k 7269(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 7981(polynomial)s 0 2930(in)m 240 fnt6 238 2932(n)m 240 fnt1 352 2930(\))m 475(depending)s 1521(on)s 1813(ho)s 6(w)k 2269(man)s 3(y)k 2846(times)s 3409(the)s 3752(parameters)s 4845(occur)s 5431(within)s 6094(the)s 6436(body)s 6965(of)s 220 fnt2 7231 2927(@Merge)m 240 fnt1 8068 2930(;)m 8175(to)s 8409(do)s 8697(it)s 8883(in)s 0 2642(the)m 348(natural)s 1066(linear)s 1669(order)s 2233(w)s 2(ould)k 2888(tak)s 2(e)k 3340(Lout)s 3852(e)s 3(xponential)k 5020(time.)s 480 2268(F)m 3(or)k 879(horrible)s 1702(reasons)s 2481(concerning)s 3608(making)s 4390(it)s 4593(possible)s 5444(to)s 5694(print)s 6216(reference)s 7170(lists)s 7616(sorted)s 8269(by)s 8574(point)s 0 1980(of)m 296(\207rst)s 753(citation,)s 1602(the)s 1976(particular)s 2976(sort)s 3420(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 220 fnt2 3841 1977(??)m 240 fnt1 4157 1980(is)m 4393(treated)s 5126(dif)s 6(ferently)k 15(.)k 6302(If)s 6558(tw)s 2(o)k 6994(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 7744(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8271(this)s 8693(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 0 1692(according)m 1010(to)s 1264(the)s 1627(rules)s 2156(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2793(either)s 3411(the)s 3773(second)s 4511(w)s 2(ould)k 5181(be)s 5477(discarded)s 6466(or)s 6740(else)s 7181(it)s 7388(w)s 2(ould)k 8058(be)s 8355(mer)s 4(ged)k 0 1404(with)m 485(the)s 836(\207rst.)s 1374(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 2337(for)s 2678(this)s 3077(particular)s 4054(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 4452(only)s 15(,)k 4973(the)s 5324(tw)s 2(o)k 5737(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6464(will)s 6893(in)s 7139(f)s 2(act)k 7557(be)s 7842(k)s 2(ept)k 8316(distinct,)s 0 1116(just)m 405(as)s 655(though)s 1378(their)s 1875(sort)s 2293(k)s 2(e)k 3(ys)k 2778(had)s 3182(been)s 3691(dif)s 6(ferent.)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 35 41 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(2.9.)m 1871(Horizontal)s 2968(galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(35)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt5 0 13203(2.9.)m 471(Horizontal)s 1628(galleys)s [ /Dest /LOUThorizontal /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 12726(All)m 846(the)s 1201(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1932(so)s 2205(f)s 2(ar)k 2534(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3042(been)s 240 fnt6 3557 12728(vertical)m 4353(galle)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt1 5018 12726(:)m 5191(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5922(whose)s 6597(components)s 7812(are)s 8166(separated)s 0 12438(by)m 320(v)s 3(ertical)k 1114(concatenation)s 2525(symbols.)s 3514(There)s 4154(are)s 4527(also)s 4992(horizontal)s 6043(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 6849(whose)s 7544(components)s 8779(are)s 0 12150(separated)m 951(by)s 1235(the)s 1574(horizontal)s 2588(concatenation)s 3963(operator)s 220 fnt2 4810 12147(&)m 240 fnt1 5002 12150(\(or)m 5331(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alently)k 15(,)k 6583(by)s 6867(spaces\).)s 7725(These)s 8342(w)s 2(ork)k 8883(in)s 0 11862(the)m 346(same)s 891(w)s 2(ay)k 1340(as)s 1588(v)s 3(ertical)k 2353(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 3131(e)s 3(xcept)k 3810(for)s 4146(the)s 4492(change)s 5224(of)s 5493(direction.)s 6504(F)s 3(or)k 6891(e)s 3(xample,)k 7803(the)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 0 11574(de\207nes)m 730(the)s 1079(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 2124(of)s 2396(an)s 2681(ordinary)s 3546(outdented)s 4549(paragraph,)s 5613(e)s 3(xcept)k 6295(that)s 6715(an)s 6999(option)s 7669(is)s 7880(pro)s 3(vided)k 8788(for)s 0 11286(v)m 6(arying)k 778(the)s 1126(size)s 1553(of)s 1824(the)s 2172(outdent:)s 220 fnt2 480 10785(def @OutdentP)m 8(ar)k 480 10497( named outdent { 2f })m 480 10209( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 9921({)m 480 9633( def @P)m 8(arPlace { @Galle)k 4(y })k 480 9057( def @LineList)m 480 8769( {)m 480 8481( outdent @Wide {} | @P)m 26(Adjust @P)k 8(arPlace)k 480 8193( //1vx @LineList)m 480 7905( })m 480 7329( def @P)m 8(arGalle)k 4(y f)k 6(orce hor)k -3(iz)k 3(ontally into { @P)k 8(arPlace&&preceding })k 480 7041( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 6753( {)m 480 6465( x)m 480 6177( })m 480 5601( @P)m 26(Adjust @P)k 8(arPlace)k 480 5313( // @P)m 8(arGalle)k 4(y { x &1r)k -8(t })k 480 5025( //1vx @LineList)m 480 4737(})m 240 fnt1 0 4243(Notice)m 703(the)s 1061(use)s 1446(of)s 220 fnt2 1727 4240(&1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2203 4243(to)m 2452(cancel)s 3127(the)s 3485(ef)s 6(fect)k 4091(of)s 220 fnt2 4372 4240(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 5390 4243(on)m 5697(the)s 6055(last)s 6456(line)s 6880(of)s 7161(the)s 7519(paragraph.)s 8650(This)s 0 3955(de\207nition)m 969(has)s 1334(a)s 1494(problem)s 2346(in)s 2584(that)s 2996(there)s 3524(will)s 3945(be)s 4221(a)s 4382(concluding)s 5494(une)s 3(xpanded)k 220 fnt2 6701 3952(@LineList)m 240 fnt1 7730 3955(symbol)m 8484(which)s 0 3667(will)m 431(hold)s 921(up)s 1219(promotion)s 2279(of)s 2555(the)s 2909(enclosing)s 3884(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y;)k 4582(this)s 4983(problem)s 5846(may)s 6317(be)s 6605(\207x)s 3(ed)k 7144(by)s 7444(the)s 7797(same)s 8350(method)s 0 3379(used)m 497(to)s 736(end)s 1140(a)s 1306(list.)s 480 3005(In)m 735(an)s 1016(ideal)s 1533(w)s 2(orld,)k 2194(there)s 2725(w)s 2(ould)k 3378(be)s 3658(nothing)s 4442(further)s 5149(to)s 5386(say)s 5757(about)s 6347(horizontal)s 7369(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 8204(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 0 2717(there)m 558(are)s 931(a)s 1123(fe)s 6(w)k 1555(dif)s 6(ferences)k 2686(which)s 3354(arise)s 3886(from)s 4436(v)s 6(arious)k 5211(practical)s 6113(considerations)s 7571(and)s 8001(limitations.)s 0 2429(Perhaps)m 808(some)s 1369(day)s 1769(a)s 1935(more)s 2482(perfect)s 3204(symmetry)s 4214(will)s 4640(be)s 4922(implemented.)s 480 2055(Each)m 1021(v)s 3(ertical)k 1795(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2436(has)s 2812(a)s 2985(\207x)s 3(ed)k 3526(\207nite)s 4080(width,)s 4738(and)s 5149(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5732(component)s 6863(is)s 7079(brok)s 2(en)k 7806(to)s 8052(that)s 8477(width.)s 0 1767(This)m 517(is)s 769(needed)s 1546(basically)s 2491(to)s 2772(trigger)s 3509(paragraph)s 4564(breaking.)s 5606(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 6608(there)s 7183(is)s 7434(no)s 7769(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 8855(of)s 0 1479(paragraph)m 1001(breaking)s 1879(in)s 2110(the)s 2446(v)s 3(ertical)k 3201(direction,)s 4145(so)s 4398(horizontal)s 5410(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6122(do)s 6403(not)s 6757(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7246(an)s 3(y)k 7631(particular)s 8592(\207x)s 3(ed)k 0 1191(height.)m 762(Instead,)s 1559(each)s 2054(component)s 3178(has)s 3548(its)s 3824(o)s 6(wn)k 4288(indi)s 6(vidual)k 5307(height.)s 480 817(When)m 1096(tw)s 2(o)k 1492(objects)s 2206(are)s 2539(separated)s 3485(by)s 220 fnt2 3766 814(/)m 240 fnt1 3830 817(,)m 3923(the)s 3(y)k 4372(are)s 4705(assigned)s 5573(the)s 5908(same)s 6441(width)s 7029(\(Section)s 7868(2.7\),)s 8340(and)s 8730(this)s 0 529(holds)m 581(true)s 1020(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1531(if)s 1760(the)s 2119(tw)s 2(o)k 2541(objects)s 3280(are)s 3639(subsequently)s 4954(separated)s 5926(by)s 6231(being)s 6828(promoted)s 7814(into)s 8251(dif)s 6(ferent)k 0 241(tar)m 4(gets.)k 788(F)s 3(or)k 1169(e)s 3(xample,)k 2074(tw)s 2(o)k 2476(aligned)s 3229(equations)s 4189(will)s 4606(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5099(the)s 5439(same)s 5977(width,)s 6621(and)s 7016(hence)s 7622(their)s 8110(alignment)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 36 42 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(36)m 240 fnt6 8674 -1580(Chapter)m 9524(2.)s 9798(Details)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(will)m 437(be)s 731(preserv)s 3(ed,)k 1776(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2287(if)s 2516(the)s 3(y)k 2991(appear)s 3699(in)s 3954(dif)s 6(ferent)k 4841(columns)s 5714(or)s 5985(pages.)s 6706(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 7677(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8189(though)s 220 fnt2 8924 13202(&)m 240 fnt1 0 12917(aligns)m 635(the)s 996(marks)s 1644(of)s 1928(its)s 2217(tw)s 2(o)k 2640(parameters,)s 3807(it)s 4012(does)s 4515(not)s 4894(assign)s 5562(them)s 6113(a)s 6292(common)s 7200(height.)s 7975(This)s 8464(means)s 0 12629(that)m 416(the)s 762(height)s 1417(of)s 1686(an)s 3(y)k 2081(component)s 3202(of)s 3471(a)s 3634(horizontal)s 4656(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5288(promoted)s 6260(into)s 6683(one)s 7083(tar)s 4(get)k 7679(does)s 8167(not)s 8530(af)s 6(fect)k 0 12341(the)m 362(height)s 1034(consumed)s 2078(by)s 2386(the)s 2748(components)s 3971(promoted)s 4960(into)s 5400(an)s 3(y)k 5811(other)s 6376(tar)s 4(get.)k 7094(The)s 7536(other)s 8102(horizontal)s 0 12053(concatenation)m 1392(operator)s 9(,)k 220 fnt2 2293 12050(|)m 240 fnt1 2330 12053(,)m 2444(does)s 2941(assign)s 3604(a)s 3777(common)s 4679(height)s 5344(to)s 5590(its)s 5874(tw)s 2(o)k 6291(parameters;)s 7457(b)s 4(ut)k 7826(sequences)s 8855(of)s 0 11765(objects)m 728(separated)s 1688(by)s 1982(this)s 2378(operator)s 3234(cannot)s 3932(be)s 4214(the)s 4562(components)s 5770(of)s 6041(a)s 6207(horizontal)s 7231(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 480 11391(Lout)m 984(is)s 1186(able)s 1632(to)s 1862(read)s 2323(v)s 3(ertical)k 3082(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3798(one)s 4191(paragraph)s 5196(at)s 5420(a)s 5577(time;)s 6105(in)s 6340(this)s 6728(w)s 2(ay)k 7170(it)s 7354(processes)s 8313(the)s 8652(doc-)s 0 11103(ument)m 660(in)s 906(small)s 1481(chunks,)s 2270(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2855(holding)s 3642(more)s 4192(than)s 4664(a)s 4833(fe)s 6(w)k 5242(pages)s 5840(in)s 6086(memory)s 6940(at)s 7175(an)s 3(y)k 7575(time.)s 8166(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 0 10815(horizontal)m 1024(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1748(are)s 2095(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 2806(read)s 3275(in)s 3518(completely)s 15(,)k 4672(so)s 4938(the)s 3(y)k 5401(should)s 6098(not)s 6464(be)s 6746(e)s 3(xtremely)k 7752(long.)s 480 10441(In)m 744(principle)s 1658(Lout)s 2178(should)s 2884(be)s 3174(able)s 3637(to)s 3884(h)s 1(yphenate)k 4932(the)s 5288(components)s 6505(of)s 6784(horizontal)s 7817(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 8550(when)s 0 10153(the)m 3(y)k 463(are)s 810(simple)s 1503(w)s 2(ords,)k 2193(b)s 4(ut)k 2555(this)s 2951(is)s 3161(not)s 3527(implemented)s 4833(at)s 5065(present.)s 480 9779(In)m 738(an)s 1023(ideal)s 1544(w)s 2(orld,)k 2209(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 2787(paragraph)s 3802(w)s 2(ould)k 4459(be)s 4743(treated)s 5452(as)s 5704(a)s 5872(horizontal)s 6898(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 7629(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 8591(to)s 8833(do)s 0 9491(so)m 256(in)s 488(practice)s 1288(w)s 2(ould)k 1932(be)s 2203(too)s 2551(slo)s 6(w)k 3040(and)s 3433(w)s 2(ould)k 4077(lead)s 4522(to)s 4750(e)s 3(xcessi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k 5699(clumsiness)s 6788(in)s 7020(notation,)s 7900(so)s 8155(at)s 8376(present)s 0 9203(Lout)m 509(has)s 876(tw)s 2(o)k 1282(competing)s 2342(mechanisms)s 3572(in)s 3811(this)s 4204(area:)s 4764(the)s 5108(b)s 4(uilt-in)k 5861(paragraph)s 6871(break)s 2(er)k 7641(with)s 8120(its)s 8392(limited)s 0 8915(set)m 314(of)s 573(options)s 1318(as)s 1556(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2124(under)s 2718(the)s 220 fnt2 3054 8912(@Break)m 240 fnt1 3899 8915(operator)m 9(,)k 4781(and)s 5173(horizontal)s 6186(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 7011(As)s 7317(the)s 7653(e)s 3(xample)k 8504(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 0 8627(sho)m 6(ws,)k 700(horizontal)s 1725(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2449(are)s 2797(in)s 3040(principle)s 3946(capable)s 4733(of)s 5004(implementing)s 6386(man)s 3(y)k 6969(more)s 7517(paragraph)s 8531(styles)s 0 8339(than)m 470(the)s 820(b)s 4(uilt-in)k 1578(paragraph)s 2593(break)s 2(er)k 3369(could)s 3961(e)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 4425(hope)s 4949(to)s 5190(do.)s 5596(The)s 6026(recommended)s 7441(practical)s 8319(strate)s 3(gy)k 0 8051(is)m 221(to)s 472(use)s 858(the)s 1218(b)s 4(uilt-in)k 1985(paragraph)s 3010(break)s 2(er)k 3795(most)s 4332(of)s 4614(the)s 4974(time,)s 5516(and)s 5932(switch)s 6624(to)s 6875(horizontal)s 7910(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 8646(only)s 0 7763(for)m 338(occasional)s 1402(tricks,)s 2039(such)s 2535(as)s 2785(paragraphs)s 3885(with)s 4367(drop)s 4859(capitals,)s 5695(circular)s 6483(outlines,)s 7347(etc.)s 240 fnt5 0 6970(2.10.)m 591(Optimal)s 1495(galley)s 2149(br)s 4(eaking)k [ /Dest /LOUToptimal /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 6493(As)m 814(e)s 3(xplained)k 1817(in)s 2077(Section)s 2869(2.7,)s 3294(the)s 3659(components)s 4885(of)s 5174(a)s 5357(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_opti_1 /DEST pdfmark 6009(are)s 6373(promoted)s 7366(one)s 7786(by)s 8097(one)s 8517(into)s 8960(a)s 0 6205(tar)m 4(get.)k 703(When)s 1332(space)s 1919(runs)s 2382(out)s 2748(there,)s 3332(the)s 3680(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4314(searches)s 5174(for)s 5512(a)s 5678(ne)s 6(w)k 6125(tar)s 4(get)k 6724(and)s 7128(promotion)s 8182(resumes.)s 480 5831(This)m 977(process)s 1766(is)s 1997(e)s 3(xactly)k 2759(analogous)s 3802(to)s 4062(placing)s 4840(w)s 2(ords)k 5495(onto)s 5995(a)s 6182(line)s 6617(until)s 7131(space)s 7739(runs)s 8223(out,)s 8657(then)s 0 5543(mo)m 3(ving)k 776(to)s 1008(another)s 1778(line.)s 2293(But,)s 2740(as)s 2983(we)s 3311(kno)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 3923(that)s 4335(simple)s 5021(method)s 5790(is)s 5993(inferior)s 6762(to)s 6994(the)s 7335(optimal)s 8113(paragraph)s 0 5255(breaking)m 893(used)s 1393(by)s 1690(Lout)s 2206(\(copied)s 2984(from)s 3511(the)s 3863(T)s 3959 5207(E)m 4067 5255(X)m 4299(system\),)s 5152(which)s 5797(e)s 3(xamines)k 6752(the)s 7103(entire)s 7705(paragraph)s 8722(and)s 0 4967(determines)m 1099(the)s 1447(most)s 1972(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2472(assignment)s 3608(of)s 3879(w)s 2(ords)k 4513(to)s 4752(lines.)s 480 4593(Lout)m 1050(of)s 6(fers)k 240 fnt6 1709 4595(optimal)m 2559(galle)s 7(y)k 3250(br)s 8(eaking)k 240 fnt1 4087 4593(,)m 4252(the)s 4659(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 5761(for)s 6157(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6940(of)s 7269(optimal)s 8113(paragraph)s 0 4305(breaking.)m 1020(Optimal)s 1878(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2532(breaking)s 3442(can)s 3851(reduce)s 4564(the)s 4932(size)s 5378(of)s 5669(ugly)s 6169(blank)s 6782(spaces)s 7477(at)s 7729(the)s 8097(bottom)s 8855(of)s 0 4017(pages)m 596(preceding)s 1592(lar)s 4(ge)k 2121(unbreakable)s 3346(displays,)s 4237(sometimes)s 5310(quite)s 5844(dramatically)s 15(.)k 480 3643(Optimal)m 1337(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1990(breaking)s 2900(is)s 3129(applied)s 3910(to)s 4169(each)s 4683(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 5375(horizontal)s 6418(or)s 6696(v)s 3(ertical,)k 7535(that)s 7972(possesses)s 8960(a)s 0 3355(parameter)m 1036(or)s 1317(nested)s 2008(symbol)s 2790(called)s 220 fnt2 3440 3352(@Optimiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 4599 3355(whose)m 5290(v)s 6(alue)k 5880(is)s 220 fnt2 6112 3352(Y)m 30(es)k 240 fnt1 6453 3355(.)m 6639(Lik)s 2(e)k 7153(cross)s 7717(referencing,)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_opti_2 /DEST pdfmark 8934(it)s 0 3067(tak)m 2(es)k 539(tw)s 2(o)k 947(runs)s 1409(to)s 1646(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2145(ef)s 6(fect.)k 2844(On)s 3192(the)s 3538(\207rst)s 3968(run,)s 4392(Lout)s 4902(records)s 5655(the)s 6001(sizes)s 6514(of)s 6784(the)s 7130(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k 7918(components)s 0 2779(and)m 393(g)s 1(aps,)k 927(and)s 1319(also)s 1746(the)s 2083(space)s 2658(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 3555(at)s 3776(each)s 4259(of)s 4519(its)s 4783(tar)s 4(gets.)k 5568(At)s 5856(end)s 6248(of)s 6508(run)s 6873(this)s 7257(information)s 8431(is)s 8629(used)s 0 2491(to)m 232(\207nd)s 656(an)s 932(optimal)s 1709(break,)s 2340(which)s 2975(is)s 3177(written)s 3903(to)s 4135(the)s 4475(cross-reference)s 5981(database.)s 6961(On)s 7303(the)s 7644(second)s 8360(run,)s 8778(the)s 0 2203(optimal)m 785(break)s 1377(is)s 1587(retrie)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 2484(and)s 2888(used.)s 480 1829(Considering)m 1727(that)s 2170(this)s 2590(process)s 3383(must)s 3932(cope)s 4465(with)s 4971(\210oating)s 5780(\207gures,)s 6562(ne)s 6(w)k 7034(page)s 7566(and)s 7995(conditional)s 0 1541(ne)m 6(w)k 460(page)s 982(symbols,)s 1901(breaks)s 2589(for)s 2941(ne)s 6(w)k 3402(chapters,)s 4318(and)s 4736(e)s 6(v)k 4(olving)k 5631(documents,)s 6788(it)s 6994(is)s 7218(surprisingly)s 8428(rob)s 4(ust.)k 0 1253(If)m 250(it)s 463(does)s 974(go)s 1287(badly)s 1894(wrong,)s 2634(remo)s 3(ving)k 3621(\207le)s 220 fnt2 4003 1250(lout.li)m 240 fnt1 4580 1253(then)m 5069(running)s 5888(Lout)s 6421(twice)s 7014(without)s 7826(changing)s 8778(the)s 0 965(document)m 1036(may)s 1534(solv)s 3(e)k 2125(the)s 2505(problem.)s 3498(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 4491(cases)s 5078(are)s 5457(kno)s 6(wn)k 6194(where)s 6866(the)s 7246(optimization)s 8544(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 0 677(con)m 9(v)k 3(er)k 4(ges.)k 1151(These)s 1812(are)s 2193(usually)s 2972(related)s 3713(to)s 3986(\207gures)s 4721(and)s 5159(footnotes)s 6134(whose)s 6836(anchor)s 7581(points)s 8251(f)s 2(all)k 8655(near)s 0 389(page)m 508(boundaries.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 37 43 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -14865 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13448 0 13448 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12397(Chapter)m 1819(3.)s 2400(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 4711(symbols)s [ /Dest /LOUTsymbols /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt5 0 11133(3.1.)m 471(@Begin)s 1335(and)s 1776(@End)s [ /Dest /LOUTbegin /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 10656(The)m 905(body)s 1435(of)s 1702(a)s 1864(symbol)s 220 fnt2 2620 10653(@Sym)m 240 fnt1 3324 10656(may)m 3786(be)s 4064(enclosed)s 4955(in)s 220 fnt2 5194 10653(@Begin)m 240 fnt1 6019 10656(and)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_begi_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_begi_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 6419 10653(@End)m 7076(@Sym)s 240 fnt1 7780 10656(instead)m 8511(of)s 8778(the)s 0 10368(more)m 547(usual)s 1107(braces:)s 220 fnt2 480 9917(def @Section)m 480 9629( named @Title {})m 480 9341( r)m -3(ight @Body)k 480 9053(@Begin)m 480 8765( @Title //2v @Body)m 480 8477(@End @Section)m 240 fnt1 0 8022(The)m 3(y)k 543(may)s 1009(also)s 1447(enclose)s 2220(the)s 2568(right)s 3079(or)s 3338(body)s 3872(parameter)s 4886(of)s 5157(a)s 5323(symbol)s 6083(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation:)k 220 fnt2 480 7521(@Chapter)m 480 7233( @Title { Introduction })m 480 6945(@Begin)m 480 6657(This subject needs no introduction.)m 480 6369(@End @Chapter)m 240 fnt1 0 5873(Apart)m 651(from)s 1222(their)s 1767(utility)s 2438(as)s 2735(documentation)s 4262(aids,)s 4801(these)s 5396(forms)s 6051(allo)s 6(w)k 6677(Basser)s 7422(Lout)s 7981(to)s 8268(pinpoint)s 0 5585(mismatched)m 1206(braces,)s 1915(which)s 2549(can)s 2930(otherwise)s 3908(create)s 4525(total)s 4996(ha)s 4(v)k 4(oc.)k 5716(F)s 3(or)k 6098(this)s 6486(reason,)s 7209(the)s 3(y)k 7664(should)s 8353(enclose)s 0 5297(the)m 339(major)s 946(parts)s 1451(of)s 1712(documents,)s 2846(such)s 3333(as)s 3573(chapters)s 4410(and)s 4804(sections.)s 5728(Note)s 6240(that)s 6648(braces)s 7299(cannot)s 7987(be)s 8259(replaced)s 0 5009(by)m 220 fnt2 294 5006(@Begin)m 240 fnt1 1123 5009(and)m 220 fnt2 1527 5006(@End)m 240 fnt1 2188 5009(in)m 2431(general.)s 240 fnt5 0 4216(3.2.)m 471(Concatenation)s 2015(symbols)s 2893(and)s 3334(paragraphs)s [ /Dest /LOUTconcatenation /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 3739(There)m 1093(are)s 1440(ten)s 1789(concatenation)s 3174(symbols,)s 4079(in)s 4322(three)s 4855(f)s 2(amilies:)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3198(/)m 962(^/)s 1547(//)s 2012(^//)s 240 fnt1 2580 3201(V)m 26(ertical)k 3377(concatenation)s 220 fnt2 480 2910(|)m 962(^|)s 1547(||)s 2012(^||)s 240 fnt1 2580 2913(Horizontal)m 3657(concatenation)s 220 fnt2 480 2622(&)m 962(^&)s 240 fnt1 2580 2625(In-paragraph)m 3871(concatenation)s 0 2084(Each)m 587(symbol)s 1399(produces)s 2367(an)s 2702(object)s 3398(which)s 4093(combines)s 5113(together)s 6008(the)s 6409(tw)s 2(o)k 6871(parameters.)s 8134(The)s 8615(right)s 0 1796(parameter)m 1014(must)s 1539(be)s 1821(separated)s 2781(from)s 3305(the)s 3653(symbol)s 4413(by)s 4707(at)s 4939(least)s 5436(one)s 5838(white)s 6425(space)s 7012(character)s 13(.)k 480 1422(The)m 906(v)s 3(ertical)k 1670(concatenation)s 3052(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3809 1419(/)m 240 fnt1 3930 1422(places)m 4575(its)s 4848(left)s 5222(parameter)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_2 /DEST pdfmark 6233(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 6852(its)s 7125(right)s 7633(parameter)s 8644(with)s 0 1134(their)m 519(column)s 1317(marks)s 1975(aligned.)s 2866(If)s 3119(one)s 3544(parameter)s 4581(has)s 4973(more)s 5543(column)s 6341(marks)s 6999(than)s 7491(the)s 7862(other)s 9(,)k 8474(empty)s 0 846(columns)m 868(are)s 1221(inserted)s 2041(at)s 2279(the)s 2633(right)s 3150(to)s 3395(equalize)s 4253(the)s 4607(numbers.)s 5601(The)s 6035(v)s 6(ariant)k 220 fnt2 6758 843(//)m 240 fnt1 6949 846(ignores)m 7710(column)s 8491(marks)s 0 558(and)m 404(left-justi\207es)s 1594(the)s 1942(objects.)s 480 184(The)m 896(horizontal)s 1908(concatenation)s 3280(symbols)s 220 fnt2 4117 181(|)m 240 fnt1 4201 184(and)m 220 fnt2 4593 181(||)m 240 fnt1 4734 184(are)m 5069(horizontal)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_3 /DEST pdfmark 6080(analogues)s 7076(of)s 220 fnt2 7334 181(/)m 240 fnt1 7446 184(and)m 220 fnt2 7837 181(//)m 240 fnt1 7962 184(:)m 8116(the)s 3(y)k 8566(place)s grestore gsave 1417 -14865 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5856 -15421(37)m grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 38 44 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(38)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(their)m 488(tw)s 2(o)k 888(parameters)s 1976(side)s 2407(by)s 2692(side,)s 3174(with)s 3646(ro)s 6(w)k 4056(mark)s 4599(alignment)s 5605(or)s 5854(top-justi\207cation)s 7414(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k 8698(The)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 12917(in-paragraph)m 1278(concatenation)s 2663(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3423 12914(&)m 240 fnt1 3625 12917(produces)m 4540(horizontal)s 5564(concatenation)s 6949(within)s 7617(a)s 7783(paragraph;)s 8850(its)s 0 12629(special)m 718(properties)s 1724(are)s 2071(treated)s 2778(in)s 3021(detail)s 3606(at)s 3838(the)s 4186(end)s 4590(of)s 4861(this)s 5257(section.)s 480 12255(The)m 908(concatenation)s 2293(symbols)s 3142(in)s 3385(an)s 3(y)k 3782(one)s 4184(f)s 2(amily)k 4859(are)s 240 fnt6 5206 12257(mutually)m 6099(associative)s 240 fnt1 7154 12255(,)m 7261(which)s 7903(means)s 8565(that)s 220 fnt2 480 11754({)m 240 fnt6 664 11759(x)m 220 fnt2 890 11754(|)m 240 fnt6 927 11759(p)m 1160(y)s 220 fnt2 1382 11754(})m 1566(|)s 240 fnt6 1603 11759(q)m 1839(z)s 240 fnt1 0 11258(is)m 210(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 921(the)s 1269(same)s 1816(as)s 240 fnt6 480 10762(x)m 220 fnt2 706 10757(|)m 240 fnt6 743 10762(p)m 220 fnt2 976 10757({)m 240 fnt6 1160 10762(y)m 220 fnt2 1382 10757(|)m 240 fnt6 1419 10762(q)m 1655(z)s 220 fnt2 1866 10757(})m 240 fnt1 0 10261(for)m 339(an)s 3(y)k 737(objects)s 240 fnt6 1466 10263(x)m 240 fnt1 1572 10261(,)m 240 fnt6 1680 10263(y)m 240 fnt1 1782 10261(,)m 1891(and)s 240 fnt6 2296 10263(z)m 240 fnt1 2387 10261(,)m 2495(an)s 3(y)k 2893(g)s 1(aps)k 240 fnt6 3383 10263(p)m 240 fnt1 3558 10261(and)m 240 fnt6 3963 10263(q)m 240 fnt1 4140 10261(\(de\207ned)m 4983(belo)s 6(w\),)k 5750(and)s 6155(an)s 3(y)k 6553(choice)s 7234(of)s 220 fnt2 7506 10258(|)m 240 fnt1 7543 10261(,)m 220 fnt2 7652 10258(^|)m 240 fnt1 7792 10261(,)m 220 fnt2 7900 10258(||)m 240 fnt1 7994 10261(,)m 8102(and)s 220 fnt2 8507 10258(^||)m 240 fnt1 8704 10261(.)m 8870(In)s 0 9973(practice)m 803(we)s 1130(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 1833(omit)s 2323(such)s 2811(braces,)s 3520(since)s 4059(the)s 3(y)k 4513(are)s 4852(redundant)s 5861(and)s 6257(can)s 6638(be)s 6912(misleading.)s 8117(The)s 8536(result)s 0 9685(of)m 277(the)s 631(complete)s 1569(sequence)s 2508(of)s 2786(concatenations)s 4264(will)s 4696(be)s 4984(called)s 5619(the)s 240 fnt6 5973 9687(whole)m 6604(concatenation)s 8020(object)s 240 fnt1 8608 9685(,)m 8722(and)s 0 9397(the)m 348(objects)s 1076(which)s 1718(mak)s 2(e)k 2290(it)s 2482(up)s 2775(will)s 3201(be)s 3483(called)s 4111(the)s 240 fnt6 4459 9399(components)m 240 fnt1 5598 9397(.)m 480 9023(One)m 938(mark)s 1494(is)s 1708(designated)s 2793(as)s 3047(the)s 240 fnt6 3398 9025(principal)m 4339(mark)s 240 fnt1 4835 9023(,)m 4946(usually)s 5695(the)s 6047(mark)s 6602(of)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_5 /DEST pdfmark 6877(the)s 7229(\207rst)s 7664(component.)s 8896(A)s 0 8735(later)m 486(mark)s 1042(can)s 1435(be)s 1721(chosen)s 2447(for)s 2789(this)s 3189(honour)s 3932(by)s 4230(attaching)s 220 fnt2 5163 8732(^)m 240 fnt1 5333 8735(to)m 5576(the)s 5928(preceding)s 6928(concatenation)s 8317(symbol.)s 0 8447(See)m 401(Section)s 1175(3.13)s 1639(for)s 1977(e)s 3(xamples.)k 480 8073(A)m 240 fnt6 712 8075(gap)m 240 fnt1 1065 8073(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_6 /DEST pdfmark 1175(specifying)s 2227(the)s 2578(distance)s 3420(between)s 4277(the)s 4627(tw)s 2(o)k 5040(parameters,)s 6197(may)s 6666(follo)s 6(w)k 7341(an)s 3(y)k 7741(concatenation)s 0 7785(symbol.)m 866(There)s 1475(may)s 1937(be)s 2215(no)s 2504(spaces)s 3176(between)s 4026(a)s 4188(concatenation)s 5569(symbol)s 6325(and)s 6726(its)s 6998(g)s 1(ap.)k 7503(A)s 7729(missing)s 8522(g)s 1(ap)k 8916(is)s 0 7497(tak)m 2(en)k 569(to)s 803(be)s 220 fnt2 1081 7494(0ie)m 240 fnt1 1365 7497(.)m 1524(The)s 1948(g)s 1(ap)k 2341(is)s 2546(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 3601(a)s 3762(third)s 4267(parameter)s 5276(of)s 5542(the)s 5886(concatenation)s 7266(symbol,)s 8074(and)s 8473(it)s 8660(may)s 0 7209(be)m 289(an)s 579(arbitrary)s 1462(object)s 2113(pro)s 3(vided)k 3026(that)s 3452(it)s 3651(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 4586(to)s 4833(a)s 5006(juxtaposition)s 6319(of)s 6598(simple)s 7298(w)s 2(ords.)k 8052(In)s 8316(general,)s 0 6921(the)m 348(g)s 1(ap)k 746(must)s 1271(be)s 1553(enclosed)s 2448(in)s 2691(braces,)s 3408(lik)s 2(e)k 3820(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 6420(//{ @Style&&m)m 3(ystyle @Open { @T)k 26(opMargin } })k 240 fnt1 0 5921(b)m 4(ut)k 349(the)s 684(braces)s 1332(may)s 1785(be)s 2053(omitted)s 2828(when)s 3391(the)s 3726(object)s 4356(is)s 4553(a)s 4706(juxtaposition)s 5999(of)s 6256(simple)s 6936(w)s 2(ords)k 7557(or)s 7803(an)s 8072(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 0 5633(of)m 271(a)s 437(symbol)s 1197(without)s 1988(parameters,)s 3142(as)s 3392(in)s 220 fnt2 3635 5630(//0.3vx)m 240 fnt1 4340 5633(and)m 220 fnt2 4744 5630(||@Indent)m 240 fnt1 5687 5633(.)m 480 5259(A)m 704(g)s 1(ap)k 1096(consists)s 1898(of)s 2162(a)s 2322(length)s 2971(plus)s 3415(a)s 3574(g)s 1(ap)k 3966(mode)s 4548(plus)s 4992(an)s 5268(optional)s 6101(indication)s 7108(of)s 7373(unbreakability)s 15(.)k 8896(A)s 240 fnt6 0 4973(length)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_7 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 659 4971(is)m 875(represented)s 2040(by)s 2341(an)s 2630(decimal)s 3447(number)s 4244(\(which)s 4972(may)s 5444(not)s 5816(be)s 6104(ne)s 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e\))k 7036(follo)s 6(wed)k 7944(by)s 8244(a)s 8416(unit)s 8855(of)s 0 4683(measurement.)m 1437(F)s 3(or)k 1825(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 2738 4680(2.5c)m 240 fnt1 3207 4683(represents)m 4225(the)s 4572(length)s 5226(2.5)s 5571(centimetres.)s 6834(Figure)s 7513(3.1)s 7847(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 8393(the)s 8740(full)s 0 4395(selection)m 906(of)s 1177(units)s 1693(of)s 1964(measurement.)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_8 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_9 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_10 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_11 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_12 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_13 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_14 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_15 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_16 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_17 /DEST pdfmark 480 4021(After)m 1045(the)s 1396(length)s 2054(comes)s 2718(an)s 3004(optional)s 240 fnt6 3846 4023(gap)m 4261(mode)s 240 fnt1 4773 4021(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_18 /DEST pdfmark 4883(which)s 5528(is)s 5740(a)s 5909(single)s 6539(letter)s 7090(follo)s 6(wing)k 8070(the)s 8421(length,)s 0 3733(indicating)m 1031(ho)s 6(w)k 1514(the)s 1884(length)s 2562(is)s 2794(to)s 3055(be)s 3359(measured.)s 4462(As)s 4801(sho)s 6(wn)k 5500(in)s 5765(Figure)s 6468(3.2,)s 6897(with)s 7401(edge-to-edge)s 8728(g)s 1(ap)k 0 3445(mode)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_19 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_20 /DEST pdfmark 603(the)s 967(length)s 240 fnt6 1638 3447(l)m 240 fnt1 1780 3445(is)m 2006(measured)s 2996(from)s 3536(the)s 3900(trailing)s 4658(edge)s 5181(of)s 5468(the)s 5832(\207rst)s 6279(object)s 6939(to)s 7194(the)s 7558(leading)s 8331(edge)s 8855(of)s 0 3157(the)m 347(second.)s 1174(Edge-to-edge)s 2516(is)s 2725(the)s 3071(def)s 2(ault)k 3790(mode:)s 4486(the)s 220 fnt2 4833 3154(e)m 240 fnt1 5005 3157(may)m 5469(be)s 5749(omitted.)s 6642(Hyphenation)s 7934(g)s 1(ap)k 8330(mode)s 8916(is)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_21 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_22 /DEST pdfmark 0 2869(similar)m 9(,)k 760(e)s 3(xcept)k 1441(as)s 1691(e)s 3(xplained)k 2676(at)s 2908(the)s 3256(end)s 3660(of)s 3931(this)s 4327(section.)s 480 2495(Mark-to-mark,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_23 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_24 /DEST pdfmark 1957(o)s 3(v)k 3(erstrik)k 2(e,)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_25 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_26 /DEST pdfmark 3028(and)s 3450(k)s 2(erning)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_27 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_28 /DEST pdfmark 4249(measure)s 5118(the)s 5484(length)s 6156(from)s 6698(the)s 7063(last)s 7471(mark)s 8041(of)s 8329(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 2207(object)m 648(to)s 892(the)s 1245(\207rst)s 1680(mark)s 2237(of)s 2513(the)s 2865(second.)s 3699(In)s 3960(the)s 4312(case)s 4784(of)s 5060(mark-to-mark,)s 6497(if)s 6719(the)s 7072(length)s 7731(is)s 7946(too)s 8310(small)s 8887(to)s 0 1919(pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k 771(the)s 1123(objects)s 1855(almost)s 2556(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlapping,)k 3804(it)s 4000(is)s 4214(widened)s 5087(until)s 5584(the)s 3(y)k 6051(no)s 6348(longer)s 7023(do.)s 7431(\(The)s 7942(e)s 3(xtra)k 240 fnt6 8480 1921(l/10)m 240 fnt1 8916 1919(is)m 0 1631(not)m 362(applied)s 1119(when)s 1690(plain)s 2220(te)s 3(xt)k 2630(output)s 3298(is)s 3503(in)s 3741(ef)s 6(fect.\))k 4520(K)s 6(erning)k 5346(also)s 5780(widens,)s 6560(with)s 7037(the)s 7380(aim)s 7793(of)s 8059(pre)s 6(v)k 3(enting)k 0 1343(the)m 372(mark)s 948(of)s 1243(either)s 1870(object)s 2539(from)s 3087(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlapping)k 4301(the)s 4673(other)s 5248(object;)s 5969(this)s 6389(mode)s 7001(is)s 7235(used)s 7756(for)s 8119(subscripts)s 0 1055(and)m 404(superscripts.)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_29 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_30 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_31 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_32 /DEST pdfmark 558 681(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k 1646(ignores)s 2419(the)s 2785(\207rst)s 3234(object)s 3896(and)s 4318(places)s 4984(the)s 5350(leading)s 6125(edge)s 6651(of)s 6940(the)s 7306(second)s 8047(object)s 8709(at)s 8960(a)s 0 393(distance)m 240 fnt6 842 395(l)m 240 fnt1 971 393(from)m 1498(the)s 1849(left)s 2229(edge)s 2740(of)s 3014(the)s 3365(whole)s 4009(concatenation)s 5397(object.)s 6148(It)s 6356(is)s 6569(the)s 6920(main)s 7458(user)s 7919(of)s 8193(the)s 220 fnt2 8544 390(b)m 240 fnt1 8722 393(and)m 220 fnt2 0 102(r)m 240 fnt1 141 105(units)m 666(of)s 945(measurement;)s 2340(for)s 2686(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 3609 102(|1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 3994 105(will)m 4429(right-justify)s 5631(the)s 5988(follo)s 6(wing)k 6973(component,)s 8153(and)s 220 fnt2 8566 102(|0.5r)m -8(t)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 39 45 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.2.)m 1871(Concatenation)s 3335(symbols)s 4161(and)s 4587(par)s 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(39)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 13282 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 0 13368 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhsp grestore grestore 0 169 0 60 240 288 60 0 13113 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 13027 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 169 0 0 0 240 288 60 170 13368 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 13116(c)m gsave 339 13368 translate 240 fnt1 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore gsave 509 13368 translate 240 fnt1 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore gsave 679 13368 translate 240 fnt1 8217 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore 240 fnt1 679 13119(Centimetres.)m 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 8896 13368 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhsp grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 13282 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 169 0 60 240 288 60 9066 13113 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 13027 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 12941 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 166 0 57 240 288 60 0 12775 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 12689 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 12775(i)m 240 fnt1 679 12778(Inches.)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12941 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 166 0 57 240 288 60 9066 12775 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 12689 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 12603 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 211 0 102 240 288 60 0 12392 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 12306 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 12437(p)m 240 fnt1 679 12440(Points)m 1328(\()s 220 fnt2 1401 12437(72p)m 240 fnt1 1819 12440(=)m 220 fnt2 2007 12437(1i)m 240 fnt1 2163 12440(\).)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12603 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 211 0 102 240 288 60 9066 12392 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 12306 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 12220 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 204 0 96 240 288 60 0 12016 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 11930 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 12055(m)m 240 fnt1 679 12058(Ems)m 1155(\()s 220 fnt2 1228 12055(12m)m 240 fnt1 1701 12058(=)m 220 fnt2 1889 12055(1i)m 240 fnt1 2045 12058(\).)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 12220 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 204 0 96 240 288 60 9066 12016 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 11930 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 11844 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 503 0 394 240 288 60 0 11341 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 11255 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 11678(f)m 240 fnt1 679 11681(One)m 220 fnt2 1123 11678(f)m 240 fnt1 1229 11681(equals)m 1879(the)s 2215(size)s 2631(of)s 2890(the)s 3226(current)s 3950(font,)s 4431(as)s 4669(speci\207ed)s 5565(by)s 5847(the)s 220 fnt2 6184 11678(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 6884 11681(symbol)m 7632(\(Section)s 8473(3.3\).)s 679 11393(This)m 1155(unit)s 1587(is)s 1797(appropriate)s 2941(for)s 3279(lengths)s 4021(that)s 4439(should)s 5136(change)s 5870(with)s 6352(the)s 6700(font)s 7145(size.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 11844 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 503 0 394 240 288 60 9066 11341 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 11255 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 11169 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 503 0 394 240 288 60 0 10666 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 10580 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 11003(s)m 240 fnt1 679 11006(One)m 220 fnt2 1125 11003(s)m 240 fnt1 1279 11006(equals)m 1932(the)s 2271(preferred)s 3194(g)s 1(ap)k 3582(between)s 4427(tw)s 2(o)k 4828(w)s 2(ords)k 5453(in)s 5687(the)s 6025(current)s 6752(font,)s 7235(as)s 7476(speci\207ed)s 8375(in)s 8608(the)s 679 10718(de\207nition)m 1653(of)s 1924(the)s 2272(font,)s 2764(or)s 3023(by)s 3317(the)s 220 fnt2 3665 10715(@Space)m 240 fnt1 4562 10718(symbol)m 5322(\(Section)s 6175(3.4\).)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 11169 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 503 0 394 240 288 60 9066 10666 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 10580 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 10494 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 791 0 682 240 288 60 0 9703 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 9617 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 10328(v)m 240 fnt1 679 10331(One)m 220 fnt2 1149 10328(v)m 240 fnt1 1334 10331(equals)m 2011(the)s 2375(current)s 3126(g)s 1(ap)k 3540(between)s 4410(lines)s 4927(introduced)s 6024(during)s 6717(paragraph)s 7746(breaking,)s 8706(as)s 679 10043(speci\207ed)m 1574(by)s 1854(the)s 220 fnt2 2188 10040(@Break)m 240 fnt1 3030 10043(symbol)m 3777(\(Section)s 4616(3.4\).)s 5145(This)s 5607(unit)s 6026(is)s 6222(appropriate)s 7352(for)s 7676(lengths,)s 8460(such)s 679 9755(as)m 929(the)s 1277(spaces)s 1952(between)s 2806(paragraphs,)s 3962(which)s 4604(should)s 5301(change)s 6035(with)s 6517(the)s 6865(inter)s 4(-line)k 7791(g)s 1(ap.)k 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 10494 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 791 0 682 240 288 60 9066 9703 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 9617 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 9531 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 454 0 345 240 288 60 0 9077 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 8991 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 9365(w)m 240 fnt1 679 9368(One)m 220 fnt2 1167 9365(w)m 240 fnt1 1416 9368(equals)m 2111(the)s 2493(width)s 3128(of)s 3432(the)s 3813(follo)s 6(wing)k 4824(component,)s 6028(or)s 6320(its)s 6629(height)s 7321(if)s 7571(the)s 7952(symbol)s 8746(is)s 679 9080(v)m 3(ertical)k 1446(concatenation.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 9531 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 454 0 345 240 288 60 9066 9077 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 8991 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 8905 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 454 0 345 240 288 60 0 8451 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 8365 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 8739(b)m 240 fnt1 679 8742(One)m 220 fnt2 1133 8739(b)m 240 fnt1 1305 8742(equals)m 1965(the)s 2311(width)s 2912(of)s 3181(the)s 3527(whole)s 4166(concatenation)s 5550(object,)s 6239(or)s 6496(its)s 6770(height)s 7427(if)s 7642(the)s 7988(symbol)s 8746(is)s 679 8454(v)m 3(ertical)k 1446(concatenation.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 8905 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 454 0 345 240 288 60 9066 8451 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 8365 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 8279 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 503 0 394 240 288 60 0 7776 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 7690 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 8113(r)m 240 fnt1 679 8116(One)m 220 fnt2 1176 8113(r)m 240 fnt1 1352 8116(equals)m 2057(one)s 220 fnt2 2502 8113(b)m 240 fnt1 2718 8116(minus)m 3397(one)s 220 fnt2 3842 8113(w)m 240 fnt1 3998 8116(.)m 4205(This)s 4723(unit)s 5198(is)s 5451(used)s 5991(for)s 6371(centring,)s 7304(and)s 7751(for)s 8132(left)s 8552(and)s 679 7828(right)m 1190(justi\207cation.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 8279 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 503 0 394 240 288 60 9066 7776 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 7690 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 7604 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 215 0 106 240 288 60 0 7389 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 7303 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 7438(d)m 240 fnt1 679 7441(De)m 3(grees.)k 1623(This)s 2099(unit)s 2531(may)s 2997(only)s 3477(be)s 3759(used)s 4256(with)s 4738(the)s 220 fnt2 5086 7438(@Rotate)m 240 fnt1 6007 7441(symbol.)m 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 7604 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 215 0 106 240 288 60 9066 7389 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 7303 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 7217 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 504 0 394 240 288 60 0 6713 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 6627 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 7050(y)m 240 fnt1 679 7053(One)m 220 fnt2 1129 7050(y)m 240 fnt1 1292 7053(equals)m 1949(the)s 2292(current)s 3023(v)s 6(alue)k 3586(set)s 3906(by)s 4195(the)s 220 fnt2 4538 7050(@YUnit)m 240 fnt1 5347 7053(symbol)m 6102(\(Section)s 6950(3.6\).)s 7488(This)s 7959(unit)s 8386(is)s 8590(not)s 679 6765(used)m 1176(internally)s 2145(by)s 2439(Lout;)s 3003(it)s 3195(is)s 3405(included)s 4287(for)s 4625(the)s 4973(con)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k 6213(of)s 6484(application)s 7603(packages.)s 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 7217 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 504 0 394 240 288 60 9066 6713 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 6627 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 0 6541 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 504 0 394 240 288 60 0 6037 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 0 5951 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 0 5951 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhsp grestore grestore 220 fnt2 170 6374(z)m gsave 170 5951 translate 240 fnt1 169 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore gsave 339 5951 translate 240 fnt1 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore gsave 509 5951 translate 240 fnt1 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore 240 fnt1 679 6377(One)m 220 fnt2 1130 6374(z)m 240 fnt1 1290 6377(equals)m 1948(the)s 2292(current)s 3024(v)s 6(alue)k 3588(set)s 3909(by)s 4199(the)s 220 fnt2 4543 6374(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt1 5341 6377(symbol)m 6097(\(Section)s 6946(3.6\).)s 7485(This)s 7957(unit)s 8385(is)s 8590(not)s 679 6089(used)m 1176(internally)s 2145(by)s 2439(Lout;)s 3003(it)s 3195(is)s 3405(included)s 4287(for)s 4625(the)s 4973(con)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k 6213(of)s 6484(application)s 7603(packages.)s 8217 0 0 0 240 288 60 679 5951 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhs grestore grestore 170 0 0 0 240 288 60 8896 5951 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabhsp grestore grestore 0 86 0 86 240 288 60 9066 6541 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 504 0 394 240 288 60 9066 6037 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore 0 86 0 0 240 288 60 9066 5951 LoutGr2 0.5 pt ltabvs grestore grestore [ /Dest /LOUTunits /DEST pdfmark 200 fnt5 1938 5388(Figur)m 3(e)k 2546(3.1.)s 200 fnt1 2938 5389(The)m 3294(thirteen)s 3948(units)s 4377(of)s 4603(measurement)s 5713(pro)s 3(vided)k 6468(by)s 6713(Lout.)s 240 fnt1 0 4758(will)m 426(centre)s 1065(it.)s 480 4384(The)m 914(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 1488 4381(|0r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1871 4384(separating)m 2912(the)s 3266(\207rst)s 3703(and)s 4113(second)s 4842(items)s 5416(in)s 5665(a)s 5837(sequence)s 6776(of)s 7053(horizontally)s 8268(concate-)s 0 4096(nated)m 572(objects)s 1296(is)s 1502(some)s 6(what)k 2522(special)s 3236(in)s 3475(that)s 3889(it)s 4077(denotes)s 4855(left)s 5228(justi\207cation)s 6409(of)s 6676(the)s 7020(object)s 7660(to)s 7895(its)s 8167(left)s 8540(in)s 8778(the)s 0 3808(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 902(space.)s 1590(This)s 2059(is)s 2262(identical)s 3132(with)s 220 fnt2 3607 3805(|0ie)m 240 fnt1 4001 3808(when)m 4570(the)s 4911(object)s 5548(to)s 5780(the)s 6121(left)s 6491(also)s 6922(has)s 7285(the)s 7626(principal)s 8523(mark;)s 0 3520(b)m 4(ut)k 354(when)s 922(it)s 1105(does)s 1587(not,)s 220 fnt2 1991 3517(|0r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2360 3520(will)m 2777(cause)s 3356(the)s 3695(object)s 4331(to)s 4561(the)s 4901(left)s 5269(to)s 5500(appear)s 6188(further)s 6889(to)s 7119(the)s 7459(left)s 7827(than)s 8288(it)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 3232(otherwise)m 985(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1486(done,)s 2059(if)s 2276(space)s 2863(to)s 3102(do)s 3395(so)s 3661(is)s 3871(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable.)k 480 2858(A)m 744(g)s 1(ap)k 1177(is)s 1421(optionally)s 2480(concluded)s 3557(with)s 4073(an)s 4391(indication)s 5439(of)s 5744(unbreakability)s 15(,)k 7252(which)s 7929(is)s 8173(a)s 8374(letter)s 220 fnt2 8958 2855(u)m 240 fnt1 0 2570(appended)m 976(to)s 1215(the)s 1563(g)s 1(ap.)k 2072(A)s 2303(paragraph)s 3316(will)s 3742(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 4324(be)s 4607(brok)s 2(en)k 5327(at)s 5559(an)s 5842(unbreakable)s 7068(g)s 1(ap,)k 7520(nor)s 7899(will)s 8325(a)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 2282(be)m 293(brok)s 2(en)k 1025(across)s 1684(tw)s 2(o)k 2106(tar)s 4(gets)k 2800(at)s 3044(such)s 3551(a)s 3729(g)s 1(ap.)k 4249(Basser)s 4958(Lout')s 13(s)k 5631(implementation)s 7200(is)s 7421(slightly)s 8204(defecti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 1994(in)m 242(that)s 659(it)s 849(ignores)s 1603(an)s 3(y)k 1999(unbreakable)s 3222(indication)s 4234(in)s 4476(the)s 4822(g)s 1(ap)k 5219(separating)s 6253(the)s 6599(\207rst)s 7029(component)s 8151(promoted)s 0 1706(into)m 425(an)s 3(y)k 822(tar)s 4(get)k 1421(from)s 1945(the)s 2293(second.)s 480 1332(When)m 1111(tw)s 2(o)k 1523(objects)s 2254(are)s 2603(separated)s 3566(only)s 4048(by)s 4345(zero)s 4811(or)s 5072(more)s 5622(white)s 6211(space)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_33 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_34 /DEST pdfmark 6801(characters)s 7821(\(spaces,)s 8634(tabs,)s 0 1044(ne)m 6(wlines,)k 983(and)s 1420(formfeeds\),)s 2607(Lout)s 3152(inserts)s 220 fnt2 3859 1041(&)m 240 fnt6 4001 1046(k)m 220 fnt2 4111 1041(s)m 240 fnt1 4307 1044(between)m 5194(the)s 5575(tw)s 2(o)k 6018(objects,)s 6835(where)s 240 fnt6 7508 1046(k)m 240 fnt1 7711 1044(is)m 7954(the)s 8335(number)s 0 756(of)m 291(spaces.)s 1100(Precisely)s 15(,)k 240 fnt6 2087 758(k)m 240 fnt1 2278 756(is)m 2509(determined)s 3662(by)s 3977(discarding)s 5047(all)s 5360(space)s 5968(characters)s 7007(and)s 7431(tabs)s 7888(that)s 8327(precede)s 0 468(ne)m 6(wlines)k 903(\(these)s 1537(are)s 1892(in)s 9(visible)k 2771(so)s 3045(are)s 3400(better)s 4012(ignored\),)s 4937(then)s 5414(counting)s 6313(1)s 6477(for)s 6823(each)s 7326(ne)s 6(wline,)k 8193(formfeed)s 0 180(or)m 259(space,)s 897(and)s 1301(8)s 1468(for)s 1806(each)s 2301(tab)s 2646(character)s 13(.)k 3671(The)s 4099(g)s 1(ap)k 4497(will)s 4923(be)s 5205(unbreakable)s 6430(if)s 240 fnt6 6647 182(k)m 240 fnt1 6817 180(is)m 7027(zero.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 40 46 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(40)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 6166 7484 0 7484 240 288 60 1450 5884 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 0 6710(Edge-to-edge)m 220 fnt2 1786 6707(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 6712(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 6707(e)m 240 fnt1 0 5558(Hyphenation)m 220 fnt2 1786 5555(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 5560(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 5555(h)m 240 fnt1 0 4406(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k 220 fnt2 1786 4403(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 4408(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 4403(o)m 240 fnt1 0 3254(Mark-to-mark)m 220 fnt2 1786 3251(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 3256(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 3251(x)m 240 fnt1 0 2102(K)m 6(erning)k 220 fnt2 1786 2099(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 2104(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 2099(k)m 240 fnt1 0 950(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k 220 fnt2 1786 947(|)m 240 fnt6 1843 952(l)m 220 fnt2 1929 947(t)m gsave 2764 0 translate 240 fnt1 3402 7484 0 7484 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore gsave 567 6748 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 6634 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 6748 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 6634 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2267 6658 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 1247 6658 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 1247 6658 translate 180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 1247 6658 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 180 fnt6 1732 6455(l)m gsave 567 5596 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 5482 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 5596 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 5482 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2267 5506 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 1247 5506 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 1247 5506 translate 180 fnt1 1020 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 1247 5506 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 1732 5303(l)m gsave 567 4444 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 4330 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 4444 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 4330 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 4297 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 680 4297 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 680 4297 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 4297 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 1590 4095(l)m gsave 567 3242 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 3128 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 3242 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 3128 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 3095 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 680 3095 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 680 3095 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 3095 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 180 fnt1 975 2892(max\()m 180 fnt6 1383 2893(l,)m 1503(a+b+l/10)s 180 fnt1 2205 2892(\))m gsave 1247 3719 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 567 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 680 3719 translate 30.0000 rotate 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 3719 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 3719 translate -30.0000 rotate 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 180 fnt6 920 3787(a)m gsave 2551 3719 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 2268 3719 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 2268 3719 translate 180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 3719 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 2366 3743(b)m gsave 567 2090 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 1976 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 2090 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 1976 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 1943 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 680 1943 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 680 1943 translate 180 fnt1 1871 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 1943 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 180 fnt1 1203 1740(max\()m 180 fnt6 1611 1741(l,)m 1731(a,)s 1891(b)s 180 fnt1 1977 1740(\))m gsave 1247 2567 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 567 0 0 0 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 680 2567 translate 30.0000 rotate 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 567 0 0 0 180 288 45 680 2567 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 2567 translate -30.0000 rotate 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 0 1 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 180 fnt6 920 2635(a)m gsave 2551 2567 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 2268 2567 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 2268 2567 translate 180 fnt1 283 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 2567 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 2366 2591(b)m gsave 567 938 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 680 824 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 938 translate 180 fnt1 680 340 0 340 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath gsave 0.9 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore grestore gsave 2551 824 translate 180 fnt1 0 567 0 567 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto [ 3 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore gsave 2268 734 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 2268 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 734 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 734 translate 180 fnt1 2268 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 734 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 1587 532(l)m gsave 3402 234 translate 180.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate 180 fnt1 3402 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 234 translate 30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore gsave 0 234 translate 180 fnt1 3402 0 0 0 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore gsave 0 234 translate -30.0000 rotate gsave 0 1 translate 180 fnt1 68 -2 0 -1 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore grestore 1189 23(curr)m 6(ent)k 1759(bound)s grestore end end restore grestore [ /Dest /LOUTgapmodes /DEST pdfmark 200 fnt5 2562 5321(Figur)m 3(e)k 3170(3.2.)s 200 fnt1 3562 5322(The)m 3918(six)s 4196(g)s 1(ap)k 4527(modes)s 5089(pro)s 3(vided)k 5844(by)s 6089(Lout.)s 240 fnt1 480 4689(A)m 724(sequence)s 1672(of)s 1958(tw)s 2(o)k 2383(or)s 2657(more)s 3219(objects)s 3962(separated)s 4936(by)s 220 fnt2 5245 4686(&)m 240 fnt1 5462 4689(symbols)m 6326(is)s 6551(a)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_35 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 6732 4691(par)m 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aph)k 240 fnt1 7745 4689(.)m 7924(Lout)s 8451(breaks)s 0 4401(paragraphs)m 1100(into)s 1526(lines)s 2029(automatically)s 3384(as)s 3635(required,)s 4539(by)s 4834(con)s 9(v)k 3(erting)k 5898(some)s 6460(of)s 6732(the)s 220 fnt2 7081 4398(&)m 240 fnt1 7284 4401(symbols)m 8134(into)s 220 fnt2 8560 4398(//1vx)m 240 fnt1 9022 4401(.)m 0 4113(Unbreakable)m 1279(g)s 1(aps)k 1769(are)s 2117(not)s 2485(eligible)s 3258(for)s 3597(this)s 3995(con)s 9(v)k 3(ersion.)k 5198(`Optimal')s 6173(line)s 6588(breaks)s 7265(are)s 7613(chosen,)s 8386(using)s 8960(a)s 0 3825(method)m 776(adapted)s 1578(from)s 2102(T)s 2198 3777(E)m 2306 3825(X)m 2535([)s [ /Rect [2606 3822 2719 3989] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark 2606(6)s 2719(].)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_36 /DEST pdfmark 480 3451(If)m 735(an)s 220 fnt2 1043 3448(&)m 240 fnt1 1271 3451(symbol)m 2056(whose)s 2750(g)s 1(ap)k 3173(has)s 3568(h)s 1(yphenation)k 4834(mode)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_37 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_38 /DEST pdfmark 5447(is)s 5683(chosen)s 6430(for)s 6793(replacement)s 8046(by)s 220 fnt2 8365 3448(//1vx)m 240 fnt1 8827 3451(,)m 8960(a)s 0 3163(h)m 1(yphen)k 755(will)s 1174(be)s 1448(appended)s 2417(to)s 2649(the)s 2989(preceding)s 3978(object,)s 4661(unless)s 5303(that)s 5714(object)s 6350(is)s 6553(a)s 6712(w)s 2(ord)k 7252(which)s 7887(already)s 8636(ends)s 0 2875(with)m 482(a)s 648(h)s 1(yphen)k 1410(or)s 1669(slash.)s 2311(F)s 3(or)k 2700(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 2378(Long)m 1017(w)s 2(ords)k 1654(ma)s 6(y)k 2122(be)s 2419(h)s 6(yph &0ih enat &0ih ed.)k 240 fnt1 0 1879(could)m 590(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1091(the)s 1439(follo)s 6(wing)k 2416(result,)s 3053(depending)s 4104(where)s 4744(the)s 5092(line)s 5506(breaks)s 6181(f)s 2(all:)k 480 1376(Long)m 1038(w)s 2(ords)k 1670(may)s 2135(be)s 2415(h)s 1(yphenat-)k 480 1088(ed.)m 0 635(Basser)m 727(Lout)s 1269(inserts)s 1973(h)s 1(yphenation)k 3243(g)s 1(aps)k 3762(automatically)s 5147(as)s 5427(required,)s 6360(ag)s 1(ain)k 6964(follo)s 6(wing)k 7971(the)s 8350(method)s 0 347(of)m 304(T)s 400 299(E)m 508 347(X)m 677(,)s 817(which)s 1493(approximates)s 2865(the)s 3247(h)s 1(yphenations)k 4607(in)s 4883(W)s 19(ebster')k 13(s)k 5904(dictionary)s 15(.)k 7055(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 8011(it)s 8236(does)s 8760(not)s 0 59(insert)m 607(h)s 1(yphenation)k 1864(g)s 1(aps)k 2370(in)s 2630(w)s 2(ords)k 3281(on)s 3595(either)s 4215(side)s 4673(of)s 4961(a)s 5144(concatenation)s 6546(symbol)s 7323(which)s 7982(already)s 8756(has)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 41 47 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Times-BoldItalic /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-BoldItalic /Times-BoldItalicfnt7 vec2 /Times-BoldItalic LoutRecode /fnt7 { /Times-BoldItalicfnt7 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.2.)m 1871(Concatenation)s 3335(symbols)s 4161(and)s 4587(par)s 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(41)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(h)m 1(yphenation)k 1248(mode.)s 1952(T)s 19(o)k 2260(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 3036(the)s 3392(h)s 1(yphenation)k 4640(of)s 4919(a)s 5093(single)s 5728(w)s 2(ord,)k 6333(enclose)s 7114(it)s 7314(in)s 7565(quotes.)s 8363(Further)s 0 12917(control)m 769(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 1286(paragraph)s 2337(breaking)s 3265(and)s 3706(h)s 1(yphenation)k 4984(is)s 5232(pro)s 3(vided)k 6176(by)s 6507(the)s 220 fnt2 6893 12914(@Break)m 240 fnt1 7787 12917(and)m 220 fnt2 8229 12914(@Space)m 240 fnt1 0 12629(symbols)m 849(\(Sections)s 1789(3.4)s 2143(and)s 2547(3.5\).)s 240 fnt5 0 11836(3.3.)m 471(@F)s 6(ont,)k 1280(@Char)s 22(,)k 2127(and)s 2568(@F)s 6(ontDef)k [ /Dest /LOUTfont /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11365(A)m 240 fnt6 728 11367(font)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1182 11365(is)m 1410(a)s 1594(collection)s 2611(of)s 2900(characters)s 3936(which)s 4596(may)s 5080(be)s 5380(printed.)s 6239(Man)s 3(y)k 6867(fonts)s 7414(come)s 8006(in)s 240 fnt6 8268 11367(families)m 240 fnt1 9019 11365(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 11077(which)m 634(are)s 973(groups)s 1667(of)s 1930(fonts)s 2450(that)s 2860(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3352(been)s 3853(designed)s 4754(to)s 4984(go)s 5269(together)s 13(.)k 6194(F)s 3(or)k 6575(e)s 3(xample,)k 7480(the)s 7820(T)s 8(imes)k 8451(f)s 2(amily)k 0 10789(includes)m 848(the)s 1196(follo)s 6(wing)k 2173(fonts:)s 480 10286(T)m 8(imes)k 1120(Base)s 240 fnt6 480 10000(T)m 13(imes)k 1093(Slope)s 240 fnt5 480 9709(T)m 4(imes)k 1154(Bold)s 240 fnt7 480 9421(T)m 8(imes)k 1116(BoldSlope)s 240 fnt1 0 8919(Thus,)m 586(each)s 1080(font)s 1524(has)s 1893(tw)s 2(o)k 2303(names:)s 3019(its)s 240 fnt6 3294 8921(family)m 3946(name)s 240 fnt1 4518 8919(\(T)m 8(imes,)k 5292(Helv)s 3(etica,)k 6310(etc.\))s 6775(and)s 7179(its)s 240 fnt6 7454 8921(face)m 7904(name)s 240 fnt1 8475 8919(\(Base,)m 0 8631(Slope,)m 682(etc.\).)s 1294(T)s 8(imes)k 1964(Base)s 2516(is)s 2756(more)s 3334(commonly)s 4443(called)s 5101(T)s 8(imes)k 5772(Roman,)s 6601(and)s 7036(T)s 8(imes)k 7706(Slope)s 8338(is)s 8579(more)s 0 8343(commonly)m 1085(called)s 1720(T)s 8(imes)k 2367(Italic.)s 3027(Lout)s 3547(a)s 4(v)k 4(oids)k 4222(these)s 4776(names)s 5445(in)s 5695(f)s 2(a)k 4(v)k 4(our)k 6377(of)s 6655(generic)s 7418(names)s 8087(which)s 8737(can)s 0 8055(be)m 282(applied)s 1044(to)s 1283(man)s 3(y)k 1866(font)s 2311(f)s 2(amilies.)k 480 7681(Lig)m 1(atures,)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_4 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_5 /DEST pdfmark 1488(such)s 1984(as)s 2234(\210)s 2420(for)s 2758(f)s 2849(l)s 2970(and)s 3375(\207)s 3560(for)s 3898(f)s 3989(i,)s 4163(are)s 4510(considered)s 5604(by)s 5899(Basser)s 6596(Lout)s 7108(to)s 7348(be)s 7630(an)s 7913(inte)s 3(gral)k 8695(part)s 0 7393(of)m 257(the)s 591(font:)s 1128(if)s 1331(the)s 1665(font)s 2096(de\207nition)s 3056(\(see)s 3482(belo)s 6(w\))k 4175(mentions)s 5089(them,)s 5660(the)s 3(y)k 6109(will)s 6521(be)s 6789(used.)s 7378(Similarly)s 15(,)k 8344(k)s 2(erning)k 0 7105(\(\207ne)m 510(adjustment)s 1636(of)s 1924(the)s 2289(space)s 2893(between)s 3764(adjacent)s 4637(characters)s 5672(to)s 5928(impro)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 6792(the)s 7157(appearance\))s 8377(is)s 8604(done)s 0 6817(whene)m 6(v)k 3(er)k 988(indicated)s 1929(in)s 2179(the)s 2535(font)s 2987(de\207nition.)s 4075(Enclosing)s 5092(one)s 5502(of)s 5780(the)s 6135(letters)s 6775(in)s 220 fnt2 7026 6814(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 8045 6817(is)m 8262(one)s 8672(sure)s 0 6529(w)m 2(ay)k 451(to)s 690(disable)s 1423(a)s 1589(lig)s 1(ature)k 2373(or)s 2632(k)s 2(ern.)k 3159(Y)s 26(ou)k 3601(can)s 3990(also)s 4428(turn)s 4870(of)s 6(f)k 5214(lig)s 1(atures)k 6086(using)s 220 fnt2 480 6028(nolig @F)m 6(ont { ...)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 5529(and)m 404(turn)s 846(them)s 1384(on)s 1681(with)s 220 fnt2 480 5077(lig @F)m 6(ont { ...)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 4578(Since)m 587(the)s 3(y)k 1050(are)s 1397(on)s 1694(initially)s 2490(this)s 2886(second)s 3609(option)s 4278(is)s 4488(rarely)s 5098(needed.)s 480 4204(More)m 1046(generally)s 15(,)k 2018(the)s 220 fnt2 2357 4201(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 3061 4204(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_6 /DEST pdfmark 3812(returns)s 4517(its)s 4784(right)s 5287(parameter)s 6292(in)s 6526(a)s 6683(font)s 7120(and)s 7515(size)s 7933(speci\207ed)s 8832(by)s 0 3916(its)m 276(left:)s 220 fnt2 480 3458({ )m 11(Times Base 12p } @F)k 6(ont)k 240 fnt6 3155 3463(object)m 240 fnt1 0 2962(The)m 431(f)s 2(amily)k 1110(and)s 1517(f)s 2(ace)k 1972(names)s 2638(must)s 3166(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3671(appeared)s 4596(together)s 5442(in)s 5689(a)s 220 fnt2 5858 2959(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 240 fnt1 6916 2962(\(see)m 7360(belo)s 6(w\);)k 8133(the)s 8485(size)s 8916(is)s 0 2674(arbitrary)m 879(and)s 1287(may)s 1757(be)s 2043(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2627(in)s 2874(an)s 3(y)k 3275(one)s 3681(of)s 3956(the)s 220 fnt2 4308 2671(c)m 240 fnt1 4413 2674(,)m 220 fnt2 4525 2671(i)m 240 fnt1 4559 2674(,)m 220 fnt2 4670 2671(p)m 240 fnt1 4784 2674(,)m 220 fnt2 4895 2671(m)m 240 fnt1 5064 2674(,)m 220 fnt2 5175 2671(f)m 240 fnt1 5233 2674(,)m 220 fnt2 5344 2671(s)m 240 fnt1 5447 2674(,)m 5558(and)s 220 fnt2 5966 2671(v)m 240 fnt1 6139 2674(units)m 6659(of)s 6934(measurement)s 8273(\(Section)s 0 2386(3.2\),)m 479(although)s 220 fnt2 1367 2383(10p)m 240 fnt1 1777 2386(and)m 220 fnt2 2174 2383(12p)m 240 fnt1 2584 2386(are)m 2924(the)s 3264(most)s 3782(common)s 4669(sizes)s 5177(for)s 5507(te)s 3(xt.)k 6019(There)s 6624(may)s 7083(be)s 7357(empty)s 8002(objects)s 8722(and)s 220 fnt2 0 2095(@Null)m 240 fnt1 645 2098(objects)m 1373(in)s 1616(the)s 1964(left)s 2341(parameter)s 3355(of)s 220 fnt2 3626 2095(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 4278 2098(;)m 4390(these)s 4937(are)s 5284(ignored.)s 480 1724(When)m 1114(a)s 220 fnt2 1286 1721(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 2004 1724(symbol)m 2769(is)s 2985(nested)s 3660(inside)s 4293(the)s 4646(right)s 5163(parameter)s 6183(of)s 6459(another)s 220 fnt2 7242 1721(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 7960 1724(symbol,)m 8778(the)s 0 1436(inner)m 555(one)s 961(determines)s 2065(the)s 2417(font)s 2867(of)s 3142(its)s 3423(o)s 6(wn)k 3891(right)s 4406(parameter)s 13(.)k 5516(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 6480(it)s 6677(may)s 7147(be)s 7434(abbre)s 6(viated)k 8605(so)s 8876(as)s 0 1148(to)m 239(inherit)s 922(part)s 1353(of)s 1624(the)s 1972(outer)s 2523(symbol:)s 220 fnt2 480 647({ )m 11(Times Base 12p } @F)k 6(ont)k 480 359({ hello)m 8(, Slope @F)k 6(ont hello)k 8(, 15p @F)k 6(ont hello })k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 42 48 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(42)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(has)m 370(result)s 480 12724(hello,)m 240 fnt6 1065 12726(hello,)m 300 fnt1 1636 12711(hello)m 240 fnt1 0 12240(The)m 457(\207rst)s 918(inner)s 220 fnt2 1498 12237(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 2240 12240(inherits)m 3037(the)s 3414(outer)s 3995(f)s 2(amily)k 4699(and)s 5133(size,)s 5641(changing)s 6601(only)s 7111(the)s 7488(f)s 2(ace;)k 8025(the)s 8403(second)s 0 11952(inherits)m 754(the)s 1089(outer)s 1627(f)s 2(amily)k 2289(and)s 2680(f)s 2(ace.)k 3225(When)s 3841(a)s 3994(f)s 2(amily)k 4656(name)s 5217(is)s 5413(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 6030(it)s 6209(must)s 6721(be)s 6990(follo)s 6(wed)k 7878(immediately)s 0 11664(by)m 294(a)s 460(f)s 2(ace)k 911(name.)s 1593(A)s 1823(size)s 2250(change)s 2984(may)s 3450(appear)s 4147(\207rst)s 4578(or)s 4837(last.)s 480 11290(Sizes)m 1035(of)s 1307(the)s 1656(form)s 2180(+)s 240 fnt6 2308 11292(length)m 240 fnt1 2962 11290(and)m 3367(\211)s 240 fnt6 3487 11292(length)m 240 fnt1 4140 11290(may)m 4607(also)s 5046(be)s 5328(used,)s 5875(meaning)s 6753(that)s 7171(the)s 7520(font)s 7966(size)s 8393(is)s 8604(to)s 8844(be)s 240 fnt6 0 11004(length)m 240 fnt1 649 11002(lar)m 4(ger)k 1257(or)s 1512(smaller)s 2269(than)s 2734(the)s 3078(inherited)s 3981(v)s 6(alue.)k 4652(F)s 3(or)k 5037(e)s 3(xample,)k 5947(\211)s 220 fnt2 6067 10999(2p)m 240 fnt1 6359 11002(is)m 6564(often)s 7108(used)s 7601(for)s 7934(superscripts)s 0 10714(and)m 407(subscripts.)s 1530(These)s 2161(forms)s 2772(are)s 3123(highly)s 3792(recommended,)s 5257(since)s 5808(the)s 3(y)k 6274(don')s 4(t)k 6839(need)s 7352(to)s 7594(be)s 7880(changed)s 8739(if)s 8960(a)s 0 10426(decision)m 854(is)s 1064(made)s 1638(to)s 1877(alter)s 2360(the)s 2708(font)s 3153(size)s 3580(of)s 3851(the)s 4199(document)s 5203(as)s 5453(a)s 5619(whole.)s 480 10052(The)m 220 fnt2 908 10049(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 1620 10052(symbol)m 2380(also)s 2818(switches)s 3692(to)s 3931(and)s 4335(from)s 4859(small)s 5431(capitals:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9551(smallcaps @F)m 6(ont ...)k 480 9263(nosmallcaps @F)m 6(ont ...)k 240 fnt1 0 8767(These)m 639(may)s 1118(be)s 1412(nested,)s 2143(and)s 2559(the)s 3(y)k 3035(cooperate)s 4033(with)s 4527(other)s 5091(font)s 5548(changes.)s 6496(The)s 6936(precise)s 7681(ef)s 6(fect)k 8290(depends)s 0 8479(on)m 293(the)s 637(font)s 1078(\(see)s 1514(belo)s 6(w\).)k 2331(There)s 2940(is)s 3146(a)s 3308(def)s 2(ault)k 4024(v)s 6(alue)k 4588(\()s 220 fnt2 4661 8476(nosmallcaps)m 240 fnt1 5873 8479(\),)m 6055(so)s 6317(it)s 6504(is)s 6710(not)s 7072(necessary)s 8051(to)s 8285(mention)s 0 8191(this)m 396(attrib)s 4(ute)k 1243(when)s 1819(gi)s 6(ving)k 2478(an)s 2761(initial)s 3372(font.)s 480 7817(By)m 817(def)s 2(ault,)k 1589(the)s 1941(size)s 2372(of)s 2647(the)s 2998(small)s 3574(capitals)s 4358(is)s 4572(0.7)s 4924(times)s 5496(the)s 5847(size)s 6278(of)s 6553(full-size)s 7394(capitals.)s 8291(Y)s 26(ou)k 8737(can)s 0 7529(change)m 734(this)s 1130(ratio,)s 1674(for)s 2012(e)s 3(xample)k 2875(to)s 3114(0.8,)s 3521(using)s 220 fnt2 480 7028({ setsmallcaps 0.8 } @F)m 6(ont ...)k 240 fnt1 0 6532(This)m 499(does)s 1013(not)s 1402(itself)s 1974(cause)s 2584(a)s 2774(change)s 3532(to)s 3794(small)s 4390(capitals,)s 5249(b)s 4(ut)k 5635(where)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 6599(the)s 3(y)k 7085(are)s 7456(used)s 7976(in)s 8243(the)s 8615(right)s 0 6244(parameter)m 1014(of)s 220 fnt2 1285 6241(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 1997 6244(the)m 3(y)k 2460(will)s 2886(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3387(size)s 3814(0.8)s 4161(times)s 4729(the)s 5077(size)s 5504(that)s 5922(ordinary)s 6786(capitals)s 7566(w)s 2(ould)k 8221(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8722(had)s 0 5956(at)m 232(that)s 649(point.)s 1304(Note)s 1824(that)s 2241(the)s 2588(number)s 3379(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 4355 5953(setsmallcaps)m 240 fnt1 5675 5956(is)m 5884(a)s 6049(ratio,)s 6592(not)s 6958(a)s 7123(length,)s 7827(so)s 8092(there)s 8624(is)s 8833(no)s 0 5668(unit)m 432(of)s 703(measurement.)s 480 5294(The)m 220 fnt2 915 5291(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 1634 5294(symbol)m 2401(also)s 2847(controls)s 3675(a)s 3848(feature)s 4574(added)s 5211(in)s 5461(V)s 26(ersion)k 6257(3.25)s 6730(which)s 7379(determines)s 8486(where)s 0 5006(the)m 335(ro)s 6(w)k 742(mark)s 1281(is)s 1478(placed)s 2147(in)s 2376(a)s 2529(w)s 2(ord.)k 3170(Usually)s 15(,)k 3993(as)s 4230(described)s 5191(else)s 6(where)k 6182(in)s 6412(this)s 6795(document,)s 7833(the)s 8168(ro)s 6(w)k 8574(mark)s 0 4718(passes)m 666(through)s 1472(the)s 1825(w)s 2(ord)k 2377(at)s 2613(a)s 2784(height)s 3446(of)s 3721(half)s 4169(the)s 4521(height)s 5184(of)s 5459(the)s 5811(letter)s 6365(`x')s 6680(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 7306(the)s 7659(baseline)s 8502(of)s 8778(the)s 0 4430(w)m 2(ord.)k 654(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 1576(this)s 1972(can)s 2361(be)s 2643(changed)s 3499(so)s 3765(that)s 4183(it)s 4375(passes)s 5037(through)s 5839(the)s 6187(baseline,)s 7077(or)s 7336(not,)s 7749(lik)s 2(e)k 8161(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 3929(baselinemar)m -3(k @F)k 6(ont ...)k 480 3641(xheight2mar)m -3(k @F)k 6(ont ...)k 240 fnt1 0 3142(The)m 415(def)s 2(ault)k 1122(v)s 6(alue)k 1676(is)s 220 fnt2 1872 3139(xheight2mar)m -3(k)k 240 fnt1 3192 3142(;)m 3290(this)s 3672(w)s 2(as)k 4079(ho)s 6(w)k 4526(Lout)s 5024(did)s 5374(it)s 5552(before)s 6204(this)s 6586(option)s 7241(w)s 2(as)k 7648(added,)s 8313(because)s 0 2854(it)m 226(mak)s 2(es)k 920(equation)s 1835(formatting)s 2930(easy)s 15(.)k 3538(The)s 4000(other)s 4586(v)s 6(alue,)k 220 fnt2 5239 2851(baselinemar)m -3(k)k 240 fnt1 6546 2854(,)m 6687(is)s 6931(useful)s 7604(when)s 8214(w)s 2(ords)k 8883(in)s 0 2566(dif)m 6(ferent)k 875(font)s 1320(sizes)s 1835(appear)s 2532(side)s 2973(by)s 3267(side)s 3708(on)s 4005(a)s 4171(line.)s 480 2192(Finally)m 15(,)k 1304(a)s 1525(feature)s 2298(added)s 2983(in)s 3281(V)s 26(ersion)k 4124(3.33)s 4643(requests)s 5532(that)s 6005(the)s 6408(height)s 7121(and)s 7580(depth)s 8224(of)s 8550(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 0 1904(character)m 936(be)s 1220(increased)s 2182(to)s 2423(the)s 2773(`bounding)s 3813(box')s 4287(size)s 4716(of)s 4989(the)s 5339(font)s 5786(\211)s 5968(that)s 6388(is,)s 6656(to)s 6897(the)s 7247(height)s 7907(of)s 8180(the)s 8531(font')s 13(s)k 0 1616(highest)m 756(character)s 1696(and)s 2105(the)s 2459(depth)s 3053(of)s 3330(the)s 3683(font')s 13(s)k 4284(deepest)s 5066(character)s 13(.)k 6097(Ensuring)s 7019(in)s 7268(this)s 7669(w)s 2(ay)k 8126(that)s 8550(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 0 1328(character)m 946(has)s 1329(the)s 1690(same)s 2250(height)s 2921(and)s 3338(depth)s 3940(can)s 4341(mak)s 2(e)k 4926(documents)s 6027(more)s 6587(uniform)s 7430(in)s 7686(layout.)s 8461(T)s 19(o)k 8774(get)s 0 1040(this)m 396(feature,)s 1165(use)s 220 fnt2 480 558(str)m -3(ut @F)k 6(ont ...)k 240 fnt1 0 103(either)m 592(alone)s 1154(or)s 1401(combined)s 2391(with)s 2861(other)s 3401(options)s 4145(to)s 220 fnt2 4372 100(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 5024 103(.)m 5176(It)s 5369(is)s 5567(called)s 220 fnt2 6184 100(str)m -3(ut)k 240 fnt1 6658 103(because)m 7459(it)s 7639(is)s 7837(lik)s 2(e)k 8237(inserting)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 43 49 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.3.)m 1871(@F)s 25(ont,)k 2611(@Char)s 26(,)k 3391(and)s 3817(@F)s 25(ontDef)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(43)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(an)m 299(in)s 9(visible)k 1186(v)s 3(ertical)k 1969(strut)s 2470(into)s 2912(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 3504(non-empty)s 4612(w)s 2(ord.)k 5282(By)s 5633(def)s 2(ault)k 6371(struts)s 6955(are)s 7319(of)s 6(f;)k 7719(b)s 4(ut)k 8098(an)s 3(yw)k 2(ay)k 8909(if)s 0 12917(you)m 425(need)s 945(to)s 1194(turn)s 1646(them)s 2194(of)s 6(f)k 2548(for)s 2896(some)s 3467(reason,)s 4208(use)s 220 fnt2 4593 12914(nostr)m -3(ut @F)k 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 5980 12917(.)m 6154(Struts)s 6772(are)s 7129(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 7850(turned)s 8529(of)s 6(f)k 8883(in)s 0 12629(equations,)m 1024(for)s 1362(e)s 3(xample,)k 2276(because)s 3089(the)s 3(y)k 3552(are)s 3899(not)s 4265(appropriate)s 5409(for)s 5747(equation)s 6628(formatting.)s 480 12255(There)m 1080(are)s 1413(tw)s 2(o)k 1810(prede\207ned)s 2864(symbols,)s 220 fnt2 3756 12252(@CurrF)m 11(amily)k 240 fnt1 5083 12255(and)m 220 fnt2 5474 12252(@CurrF)m 11(ace)k 240 fnt1 6592 12255(,)m 6685(which)s 7314(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 8499(return)s 0 11967(the)m 337(f)s 2(amily)k 1000(and)s 1392(f)s 2(ace)k 1831(names)s 2482(of)s 2741(the)s 3077(current)s 3801(font.)s 4339(F)s 3(or)k 4716(e)s 3(xample,)k 5618(right)s 6117(no)s 6(w)k 220 fnt2 6567 11964(@CurrF)m 11(amily)k 240 fnt1 7896 11967(is)m 8094(T)s 8(imes)k 8722(and)s 220 fnt2 0 11676(@CurrF)m 11(ace)k 240 fnt1 1178 11679(is)m 1388(Base.)s 480 11305(T)m 19(o)k 799(inform)s 1529(Lout)s 2061(that)s 2499(certain)s 3225(fonts)s 3773(e)s 3(xist,)k 4348(it)s 4560(is)s 4790(necessary)s 5793(to)s 6051(create)s 6696(a)s 6882(database)s 7781(of)s 220 fnt2 8072 11302(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 240 fnt1 0 11017(symbols.)m 990(\(It)s 1303(is)s 1542(possible)s 2411(to)s 2679(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3209(a)s 220 fnt2 3404 11014(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 240 fnt1 4487 11017(symbol)m 5275(in)s 5547(an)s 5859(ordinary)s 6752(source)s 7461(\207le;)s 7907(it)s 8128(enters)s 8778(the)s 0 10729(cross-reference)m 1513(database)s 2393(in)s 2637(the)s 2986(usual)s 3547(w)s 2(ay)k 3999(and)s 4404(is)s 4615(retrie)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 5513(from)s 6038(there)s 6572(by)s 6867(the)s 7216(font)s 7662(machinery)s 15(,)k 8764(b)s 4(ut)k 0 10441(only)m 497(from)s 1039(the)s 1405(second)s 2146(run,)s 2590(which)s 3250(is)s 3478(not)s 3862(con)s 9(v)k 3(enient.\))k 5166(A)s 5414(typical)s 6137(entry)s 6700(in)s 6961(such)s 7475(a)s 7659(database)s 8556(looks)s 0 10153(lik)m 2(e)k 412(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 9702({ @F)m 6(ontDef)k 480 9414( @T)m 26(ag { )k 11(Times-Base })k 480 9126( @F)m 11(amily { )k 11(Times })k 480 8838( @F)m 11(ace { Base })k 480 8550( @Name { )m 11(Times-Roman })k 480 8262( @Metr)m -3(ics { )k 11(Ti-Rm })k 480 7974( @Mapping { LtLatin1.LCM })m 480 7686(})m 240 fnt1 0 7192(This)m 483(entry)s 1035(informs)s 1837(Lout)s 2356(of)s 2635(the)s 2990(e)s 3(xistence)k 3940(of)s 4218(a)s 4392(font)s 4844(whose)s 5520(f)s 2(amily)k 6202(name)s 6784(is)s 7001(the)s 7357(v)s 6(alue)k 7932(of)s 220 fnt2 8211 7189(@F)m 11(amily)k 240 fnt1 0 6904(and)m 398(whose)s 1059(f)s 2(ace)k 1503(name)s 2070(is)s 2273(the)s 2614(v)s 6(alue)k 3175(of)s 220 fnt2 3439 6901(@F)m 11(ace)k 240 fnt1 4131 6904(.)m 4288(The)s 220 fnt2 4709 6901(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 5325 6904(v)m 6(alue)k 5886(must)s 6404(be)s 6679(e)s 3(xactly)k 7413(equal)s 7979(to)s 220 fnt2 8211 6901(@F)m 11(amily)k 240 fnt1 0 6616(follo)m 6(wed)k 895(by)s 1182(a)s 1340(h)s 1(yphen)k 2095(follo)s 6(wed)k 2989(by)s 220 fnt2 3276 6613(@F)m 11(ace)k 240 fnt1 3968 6616(.)m 4125(There)s 4730(are)s 5070(a)s 5228(fe)s 6(w)k 5627(fonts)s 6149(which)s 6783(are)s 7123(the)s 7463(only)s 7936(members)s 8855(of)s 0 6328(their)m 488(f)s 2(amilies;)k 1356(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1846(though)s 2559(these)s 3096(fonts)s 3616(do)s 3899(not)s 4255(need)s 4755(a)s 4911(f)s 2(ace)k 5352(name,)s 5968(the)s 3(y)k 6421(must)s 6936(be)s 7208(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7778(one,)s 8221(probably)s 220 fnt2 0 6037(Base)m 240 fnt1 492 6040(,)m 599(by)s 893(their)s 220 fnt2 1390 6037(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 240 fnt1 2384 6040(.)m 480 5666(The)m 950(other)s 1543(\207elds)s 2154(are)s 2543(implementation-dependent,)s 5255(b)s 4(ut)k 5659(in)s 5944(Basser)s 6683(Lout)s 7237(V)s 26(ersion)k 8067(3)s 8273(the)s 3(y)k 8779(are)s 220 fnt2 0 5375(@Name)m 240 fnt1 800 5378(,)m 908(a)s 1076(PostScript)s 2120(font)s 2567(name;)s 220 fnt2 3198 5375(@Metr)m -3(ics)k 240 fnt1 4124 5378(,)m 4293(an)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_8 /DEST pdfmark 4578(Adobe)s 5275(font)s 5721(metrics)s 6476(\(formerly)s 7446(AFM\))s 8095(\207le)s 8458(whose)s 0 5090(F)m 3(ontName)k 1070(entry)s 1622(must)s 2154(agree)s 2734(with)s 3223(the)s 3578(PostScript)s 4627(font)s 5079(name)s 5660(just)s 6072(mentioned;)s 7201(and)s 220 fnt2 7612 5087(@Mapping)m 240 fnt1 8664 5090(,)m 8778(the)s 0 4802(name)m 589(of)s 876(a)s 1057(Lout)s 1585(Character)s 2589(Mapping)s 3522(\(LCM\))s 4264(\207le.)s 4748(The)s 5192(\207les)s 5657(are)s 6019(searched)s 6929(for)s 7282(in)s 7541(standard)s 8425(places.)s 0 4514(Consult)m 813(the)s 1169(PostScript)s 2220(Reference)s 3252(Manual)s 4046([)s [ /Rect [4117 4514 4212 4676] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark 4117(1)s 4212(])s 4339(for)s 4685(general)s 5451(information)s 6645(about)s 7245(fonts)s 7782(and)s 8195(encoding)s 0 4226(v)m 3(ectors;)k 795(brie\210y)s 15(,)k 1506(an)s 1785(8-bit)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_9 /DEST pdfmark 2291(character)s 3221(code)s 240 fnt6 3724 4228(c)m 240 fnt1 3882 4226(in)m 4120(Lout')s 13(s)k 4778(input)s 5325(is)s 5531(mapped)s 6342(to)s 6577(the)s 6920(character)s 7850(in)s 8088(the)s 8431(Adobe)s 0 3938(font)m 449(metrics)s 1206(\207le)s 1571(whose)s 2243(name)s 2822(appears)s 3607(on)s 3908(the)s 4260(line)s 4679(labelled)s 240 fnt6 5497 3940(c)m 240 fnt1 5663 3938(in)m 5910(the)s 6262(LCM)s 6840(\207le.)s 7313(The)s 7745(LCM)s 8322(\207le)s 8688(also)s 0 3650(de\207nes)m 756(v)s 6(arious)k 1532(character)s 4(-to-character)k 3707(mappings,)s 4772(such)s 5295(as)s 5572(upper)s 4(-case)k 6686(to)s 6952(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case,)k 8110(which)s 8779(are)s 0 3362(used)m 497(for)s 835(such)s 1331(purposes)s 2233(as)s 2483(the)s 2831(production)s 3925(of)s 4196(small)s 4768(capitals.)s 480 2988(The)m 933(options)s 1714(sho)s 6(wn)k 2416(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 3063(are)s 3436(all)s 3754(compulsory)s 15(,)k 5001(b)s 4(ut)k 5388(there)s 5946(are)s 6319(tw)s 2(o)k 6754(other)s 7330(options)s 8111(which)s 8779(are)s 0 2700(optional.)m 942(The)s 220 fnt2 1364 2697(@Recode)m 240 fnt1 2388 2700(option,)m 3101(if)s 3312(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 3935(must)s 4454(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4948(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 5510 2697(Y)m 30(es)k 240 fnt1 5905 2700(\(the)m 6325(def)s 2(ault,)k 7087(so)s 7347(rarely)s 7950(seen\))s 8497(or)s 220 fnt2 8749 2697(No)m 240 fnt1 9022 2700(.)m 0 2412(If)m 220 fnt2 239 2409(@Recode { No })m 240 fnt1 1887 2412(is)m 2106(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 2745(Lout)s 3266(assumes)s 4123(that)s 4551(the)s 4908(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5497(encoding)s 6437(v)s 3(ector)k 7100(is)s 7319(already)s 8086(associated)s 0 2124(with)m 482(this)s 878(font)s 1323(in)s 1566(the)s 1914(PostScript)s 2956(interpreter)s 9(,)k 4047(and)s 4451(optimizes)s 5431(its)s 5707(output)s 6379(accordingly)s 15(.)k 480 1750(The)m 928(other)s 1500(optional)s 2359(option,)s 220 fnt2 3099 1747(@Extr)m 2(aMetr)k -3(ics)k 240 fnt1 4535 1750(,)m 4663(has)s 5053(v)s 6(alue)k 5642(equal)s 6236(to)s 6495(the)s 6864(name)s 7459(of)s 7750(a)s 7937(second)s 8681(font)s 0 1462(metrics)m 765(\207le)s 1138(which,)s 1843(if)s 2072(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en,)k 2715(is)s 2937(added)s 3580(to)s 3831(the)s 4191(main)s 4739(one)s 5153(de\207ned)s 5929(by)s 220 fnt2 6235 1459(@Metr)m -3(ics)k 240 fnt1 7161 1462(.)m 7338(This)s 7826(e)s 3(xtra)k 8373(metrics)s 0 1174(\207le)m 357(contains)s 220 fnt2 1200 1171(C)m 240 fnt1 1404 1174(\(de\207ne)m 2119(character\))s 3117(and)s 220 fnt2 3516 1171(CC)m 240 fnt1 3878 1174(\(de\207ne)m 4593(composite)s 5627(character\))s 6625(entries)s 7307(in)s 7545(the)s 7888(same)s 8430(format)s 0 886(as)m 259(in)s 512(AFM)s 1095(\207les;)s 1615(Lout)s 2136(will)s 2572(b)s 4(uild)k 3128(composite)s 4177(characters)s 5204(declared)s 6081(in)s 6334(this)s 6740(e)s 3(xtra)k 7283(\207le)s 7654(from)s 8188(the)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 0 598(pieces,)m 707(which)s 1352(it)s 1547(does)s 2041(not)s 2410(do)s 2706(for)s 3048(composite)s 4090(characters)s 5111(in)s 5358(the)s 5709(main)s 6247(AFM)s 6824(\207le.)s 7296(There)s 7912(are)s 8263(e)s 3(xample)k 0 310(e)m 3(xtra)k 534(metrics)s 1287(\207les)s 1736(in)s 1979(the)s 2327(current)s 3063(Lout)s 3575(distrib)s 4(ution)k 4730(which)s 5372(sho)s 6(w)k 5926(the)s 6274(precise)s 7006(format)s 7702(of)s 7973(these)s 8520(\207les.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 44 50 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(44)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13205(It)m 708(is)s 941(not)s 1330(possible)s 2193(to)s 2456(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2980(tw)s 2(o)k 220 fnt2 3413 13202(@F)m 6(ontDef)k 240 fnt1 4490 13205(database)m 5392(entries)s 6103(with)s 6608(the)s 6979(same)s 7549(f)s 2(amily)k 8247(and)s 8675(f)s 2(ace)k 0 12917(names,)m 703(because)s 1501(then)s 1955(the)s 3(y)k 2402(must)s 2912(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3398(the)s 3731(same)s 220 fnt2 4262 12914(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 4825 12917(,)m 4917(which)s 5544(is)s 5739(not)s 6089(allo)s 6(wed.)k 6989(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 7934(a)s 8084(PostScript)s 0 12629(font)m 470(name)s 1070(and)s 1500(\207le)s 1886(may)s 2378(appear)s 3101(in)s 3369(tw)s 2(o)k 3805(or)s 4090(more)s 4662(font)s 5133(de\207nitions,)s 6276(allo)s 6(wing)k 7185(one)s 7613(PostScript)s 8681(font)s 0 12341(to)m 264(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 791(tw)s 2(o)k 1227(or)s 1512(more)s 2085(equally)s 2869(v)s 6(alid)k 3425(Lout)s 3963(names.)s 4763(The)s 5217(LCM)s 5816(\207les)s 6291(may)s 6783(be)s 7091(equal)s 7690(or)s 7975(dif)s 6(ferent)k 8876(as)s 0 12053(desired.)m 480 11679(The)m 220 fnt2 917 11676(@Char)m 240 fnt1 1685 11679(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_10 /DEST pdfmark 2454(allo)s 6(ws)k 3133(a)s 3309(character)s 4252(to)s 4501(be)s 4792(speci\207ed)s 5710(by)s 6014(its)s 6299(name)s 6883(\(its)s 7247(PostScript)s 8299(name)s 8883(in)s 0 11391(Basser)m 697(Lout\))s 1277(rather)s 1893(than)s 2362(by)s 2656(its)s 2932(code:)s 220 fnt2 480 10890(@Char nine)m 240 fnt1 0 10435(is)m 215(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 1265(to)s 220 fnt2 1510 10432(9)m 240 fnt1 1689 10435(in)m 1938(most)s 2469(fonts.)s 3117(This)s 3599(is)s 3815(useful)s 4460(as)s 4716(a)s 4888(documentation)s 6373(aid)s 6729(and)s 7139(to)s 7384(be)s 7672(sure)s 8132(of)s 8409(getting)s 0 10147(the)m 347(right)s 856(character)s 1788(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2286(if)s 2501(the)s 2848(encoding)s 3777(v)s 3(ector)k 4429(of)s 4698(the)s 5044(font)s 5488(is)s 5696(changed.)s 6656(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 220 fnt2 7576 10144(@Char)m 240 fnt1 8332 10147(will)m 8756(f)s 2(ail)k 0 9859(if)m 217(the)s 565(character)s 1499(named)s 2195(is)s 2405(not)s 2771(in)s 3014(the)s 3362(encoding)s 4293(v)s 3(ector)k 4947(of)s 5218(the)s 5566(current)s 6302(font.)s 240 fnt5 0 9066(3.4.)m 471(@Br)s 4(eak)k [ /Dest /LOUTbreak /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8634(The)m 220 fnt2 898 8631(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1744 8634(symbol)m 2493(in\210uences)s 3504(the)s 3842(appearance)s 4962(of)s 5223(paragraphs)s 6313(\(Section)s 7155(3.2\),)s 7631(of)s 6(fering)k 8437(a)s 8592(\207x)s 3(ed)k 0 8346(set)m 325(of)s 596(styles:)s 220 fnt2 1275 7838(adjust)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 7843(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 7841(Break)m 4301(the)s 4718(paragraphs)s 5887(of)s 240 fnt6 6228 7843(object)m 240 fnt1 6945 7841(into)m 7439(lines,)s 8066(and)s 8540(apply)s 220 fnt2 3600 7550(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 4633 7553(\(Section)m 5511(3.19\))s 6084(to)s 6348(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 6949(line)s 7388(e)s 3(xcept)k 8094(the)s 8467(last)s 8883(in)s 3600 7265(each)m 4095(paragraph;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1128 6757(outdent)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 6762(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 6760(Lik)m 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4122 6757(adjust)m 240 fnt1 4703 6760(,)m 4840(e)s 3(xcept)k 5551(that)s 220 fnt2 6000 6757(2.0f @Wide {} &0i)m 240 fnt1 7809 6760(is)m 8049(inserted)s 8894(at)s 3600 6472(the)m 3981(be)s 3(ginning)k 5022(of)s 5326(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5935(line)s 6382(e)s 3(xcept)k 7096(the)s 7477(\207rst,)s 7988(creating)s 8843(an)s 3600 6184(outdented)m 4592(paragraph)s 5595(\(the)s 6012(outdent)s 6780(width)s 7372(may)s 7828(be)s 8100(changed)s 8946(\211)s 3600 5896(see)m 3961(belo)s 6(w\);)k [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1187 5398(r)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 5403(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 5401(Break)m 4222(the)s 4559(paragraphs)s 5648(of)s 240 fnt6 5908 5403(object)m 240 fnt1 6545 5401(into)m 6960(lines,)s 7507(b)s 4(ut)k 7858(do)s 8140(not)s 8495(adjust)s 3600 5113(the)m 3948(lines)s 4450(\(`ragged)s 5317(right'\);)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1077 4605(cr)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 4610(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 4608(Lik)m 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4125 4605(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 4794 4608(,)m 4934(e)s 3(xcept)k 5648(that)s 6099(each)s 6628(line)s 7075(will)s 7534(be)s 7849(centred)s 8644(with)s 3600 4320(respect)m 4336(to)s 4575(the)s 4923(others;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1114 3812(rr)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 3817(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 3815(Lik)m 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4115 3812(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 4784 3815(,)m 4914(e)s 3(xcept)k 5618(that)s 6059(each)s 6577(line)s 7014(will)s 7463(be)s 7768(right-justi\207ed)s 3600 3527(with)m 4082(respect)s 4818(to)s 5057(the)s 5405(others)s 6040(\(`ragged)s 6907(left'\);)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1065 3019(or)m 2(agged)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 3024(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 3022(The)m 4028(ob)s 3(vious)k 4835(combination)s 6088(of)s 220 fnt2 6359 3019(r)m 2(agged)k 240 fnt1 7088 3022(and)m 220 fnt2 7492 3019(outdent)m 240 fnt1 8220 3022(;)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_6 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1413 2515(lines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 2520(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 2518(Break)m 4284(the)s 4685(paragraphs)s 5837(of)s 240 fnt6 6161 2520(object)m 240 fnt1 6861 2518(into)m 7339(lines)s 7893(at)s 8178(the)s 8579(same)s 3600 2230(points)m 4235(that)s 4651(the)s 3(y)k 5113(are)s 5458(brok)s 2(en)k 6177(into)s 6600(lines)s 7101(in)s 7342(the)s 7689(input,)s 8286(and)s 8688(also)s 3600 1942(at)m 3819(concatenation)s 5190(symbols)s 6026(of)s 6283(the)s 6617(form)s 220 fnt2 7128 1939(&)m 240 fnt6 7270 1944(k)m 220 fnt2 7380 1939(b)m 240 fnt1 7540 1942(for)m 7865(an)s 3(y)k 240 fnt6 8248 1944(k)m 240 fnt1 8404 1942(greater)m 3600 1654(than)m 4069(1.)s 4354(Do)s 4700(not)s 5067(adjust)s 5698(the)s 6047(lines.)s 6663(An)s 3(y)k 7127(spaces)s 7803(at)s 8035(the)s 8384(start)s 8855(of)s 3600 1366(a)m 3766(line)s 4180(other)s 4731(than)s 5200(the)s 5548(\207rst)s 5979(line)s 6393(will)s 6819(appear)s 7516(in)s 7759(the)s 8107(output;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1303 858(clines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 863(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_8 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 861(Break)m 4288(the)s 4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt6 6177 863(object)m 240 fnt1 6881 861(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s 220 fnt2 8623 858(lines)m 3600 570(@Break)m 240 fnt1 4396 573(,)m 4503(then)s 4972(centre)s 5611(each)s 6106(line)s 6520(with)s 7002(respect)s 7738(to)s 7977(the)s 8325(others;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_8 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1337 65(r)m -3(lines)k 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 70(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_9 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 68(Break)m 4288(the)s 4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt6 6177 70(object)m 240 fnt1 6881 68(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s 220 fnt2 8623 65(lines)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 45 51 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.4.)m 1871(@Br)s 8(eak)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(45)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 3600 13247(@Break)m 240 fnt1 4396 13250(,)m 4535(then)s 5036(right-)s 5555(justify)s 6251(each)s 6778(line)s 7224(with)s 7738(respect)s 8506(to)s 8778(the)s 3600 12962(others.)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_9 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1291 12504(olines)m 1916(@Break)s 240 fnt6 2772 12509(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_10 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 12507(Break)m 4288(the)s 4693(paragraphs)s 5849(of)s 240 fnt6 6177 12509(object)m 240 fnt1 6881 12507(into)m 7363(lines)s 7921(as)s 8228(for)s 220 fnt2 8623 12504(lines)m 3600 12216(@Break)m 240 fnt1 4396 12219(,)m 4503(then)s 4972(as)s 5222(for)s 5560(outdenting.)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_10 /DEST pdfmark 0 11716(If)m 235(the)s 588(paragraph)s 1606(w)s 2(as)k 2032(an)s 2320(entire)s 2924(component)s 4053(of)s 4329(a)s 4501(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 5178(so)s 5449(will)s 5880(each)s 6380(of)s 6656(its)s 6937(lines)s 7444(be;)s 7787(otherwise)s 8778(the)s 0 11428(lines)m 502(are)s 849(enclosed)s 1744(in)s 1987(a)s 220 fnt2 2153 11425(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 3284 11428(symbol)m 4044(after)s 4540(breaking.)s 480 11054(The)m 911(length)s 1570(of)s 1845(the)s 2196(g)s 1(ap)k 2598(used)s 3099(to)s 3341(separate)s 4183(the)s 4535(lines)s 5040(produced)s 5993(by)s 6291(paragraph)s 7307(breaking)s 8201(is)s 8415(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 220 fnt2 0 10763(1v)m 240 fnt1 231 10766(,)m 346(e)s 3(xcept)k 1036(when)s 220 fnt2 1621 10763(lines)m 240 fnt1 2064 10766(,)m 220 fnt2 2179 10763(clines)m 240 fnt1 2732 10766(,)m 2848(or)s 220 fnt2 3116 10763(r)m -3(lines)k 240 fnt1 3704 10766(encounter)m 4715(a)s 4890(completely)s 6015(blank)s 6617(line,)s 7090(for)s 7437(which)s 8088(see)s 8458(belo)s 6(w)k 15(.)k 0 10478(Ho)m 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 960(the)s 220 fnt2 1308 10475(v)m 240 fnt1 1477 10478(unit)m 1909(itself)s 2457(and)s 2861(the)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_11 /DEST pdfmark 3209(g)s 1(ap)k 3607(mode)s 4195(may)s 4661(be)s 4943(changed:)s 240 fnt6 1503 9975(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 9970(@Break)m 240 fnt6 2772 9975(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 9973(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4312 9975(object)m 240 fnt1 4900 9973(,)m 5008(tak)s 2(e)k 5460(the)s 5809(v)s 6(alue)k 6377(of)s 6649(the)s 220 fnt2 6998 9970(v)m 240 fnt1 7167 9973(unit)m 7600(to)s 7839(be)s 8122(the)s 8471(length)s 3600 9685(of)m 240 fnt6 3871 9687(gap)m 240 fnt1 4224 9685(;)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_11 /DEST pdfmark 1375 9184(+)m 240 fnt6 1503 9186(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 9181(@Break)m 240 fnt6 2772 9186(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 9184(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4320 9186(object)m 240 fnt1 4908 9184(,)m 5024(tak)s 2(e)k 5485(the)s 5841(v)s 6(alue)k 6418(of)s 6698(the)s 220 fnt2 7054 9181(v)m 240 fnt1 7232 9184(unit)m 7673(to)s 7920(be)s 8211(lar)s 4(ger)k 8832(by)s 3600 8896(the)m 3948(length)s 4603(of)s 240 fnt6 4874 8898(gap)m 240 fnt1 5287 8896(than)m 5756(it)s 5948(w)s 2(ould)k 6603(otherwise)s 7588(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8089(been;)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark 1383 8391(\211)m 240 fnt6 1503 8393(gap)m 220 fnt2 1916 8388(@Break)m 240 fnt6 2772 8393(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 8391(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4309 8393(object)m 240 fnt1 4897 8391(,)m 5000(tak)s 2(e)k 5448(the)s 5792(v)s 6(alue)k 6356(of)s 6623(the)s 220 fnt2 6968 8388(v)m 240 fnt1 7133 8391(unit)m 7561(to)s 7796(be)s 8074(smaller)s 8832(by)s 3600 8103(the)m 3948(length)s 4603(of)s 240 fnt6 4874 8105(gap)m 240 fnt1 5287 8103(than)m 5756(it)s 5948(w)s 2(ould)k 6603(otherwise)s 7588(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8089(been.)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_13 /DEST pdfmark 0 7598(In)m 256(each)s 751(case,)s 1269(the)s 1617(mode)s 2205(of)s 240 fnt6 2476 7600(gap)m 240 fnt1 2889 7598(is)m 3099(adopted)s 3915(within)s 240 fnt6 4583 7600(object)m 240 fnt1 5171 7598(.)m 480 7224(When)m 220 fnt2 1105 7221(lines)m 240 fnt1 1548 7224(,)m 220 fnt2 1650 7221(clines)m 240 fnt1 2203 7224(,)m 2305(or)s 220 fnt2 2559 7221(r)m -3(lines)k 240 fnt1 3133 7224(encounter)m 4131(one)s 4528(or)s 4782(more)s 5324(completely)s 6435(blank)s 7023(lines,)s 7576(a)s 7737(single)s 8359(v)s 3(ertical)k 0 6936(concatenation)m 1397(operator)s 2266(is)s 2488(inserted)s 3315(to)s 3566(implement)s 4661(these,)s 5272(ensuring)s 6161(that)s 6592(the)s 6952(entire)s 7564(set)s 7901(of)s 8185(lines)s 8700(will)s 0 6648(disappear)m 975(if)s 1191(the)s 3(y)k 1653(happen)s 2401(to)s 2639(f)s 2(all)k 3007(on)s 3303(a)s 3468(page)s 3975(or)s 4233(column)s 5007(break.)s 5700(The)s 6127(g)s 1(ap)k 6524(width)s 7125(of)s 7395(the)s 7741(concatenation)s 0 6360(operator)m 875(is)s 220 fnt2 1104 6357(1v)m 240 fnt1 1414 6360(for)m 1771(the)s 2138(\207rst)s 2589(ne)s 6(wline)k 3415(as)s 3684(usual,)s 4315(plus)s 220 fnt2 4784 6357(1v)m 240 fnt1 5094 6360(multiplied)m 6154(by)s 6467(the)s 240 fnt6 6834 6362(blank)m 7449(line)s 7879(scale)s 8443(factor)s 240 fnt1 9019 6360(,)m 0 6072(an)m 316(arbitrary)s 1225(decimal)s 2069(number)s 2894(with)s 3409(no)s 3736(units,)s 4342(for)s 4713(the)s 5095(remaining)s 6150(ne)s 6(wlines.)k 7192(This)s 7701(scale)s 8268(f)s 2(actor)k 8916(is)s 0 5784(settable)m 785(by)s 220 fnt2 480 5276({ b)m 4(lanklinescale)k 240 fnt6 2038 5281(num)m 220 fnt2 2507 5276(} @Break)m 240 fnt6 3497 5281(object)m 240 fnt1 0 4780(The)m 429(def)s 2(ault)k 1152(v)s 6(alue)k 1722(is)s 220 fnt2 1934 4777(1.0)m 240 fnt1 2231 4780(,)m 2340(which)s 2984(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 3533(blank)s 4128(lines)s 4632(their)s 5131(full)s 5519(height.)s 6283(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 7207(it)s 7401(often)s 7951(looks)s 8523(better)s 0 4492(if)m 215(the)s 3(y)k 675(are)s 1020(reduced)s 1832(some)s 6(what.)k 2898(A)s 3125(v)s 6(alue)k 3690(as)s 3938(small)s 4507(as)s 220 fnt2 4755 4489(0.6)m 240 fnt1 5109 4492(looks)m 5677(good;)s 6266(it)s 6455(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 7000(width)s 220 fnt2 7599 4489(1.6v)m 240 fnt1 8071 4492(to)m 8307(the)s 8652(con-)s 0 4204(catenation)m 1039(symbol)s 1799(inserted)s 2613(at)s 2845(a)s 3011(single)s 3638(blank)s 4231(line.)s 4753(The)s 5181(usual)s 5741(g)s 1(ap)k 6139(mode)s 6727(is)s 6937(of)s 7208(course)s 7888(appended.)s 480 3830(The)m 220 fnt2 908 3827(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1764 3830(symbol)m 2524(also)s 2962(controls)s 3783(h)s 1(yphenation:)k 220 fnt2 1141 3322(h)m 6(yphen @Break)k 240 fnt6 2772 3327(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_12 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 3325(Permit)m 4296(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5536(within)s 6204(the)s 6552(paragraphs)s 7652(of)s 240 fnt6 7923 3327(object)m 240 fnt1 8511 3325(;)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 897 2817(noh)m 6(yphen @Break)k 240 fnt6 2772 2822(object)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_13 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 2820(Prohibit)m 4440(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5691(within)s 6370(the)s 6729(paragraphs)s 7840(of)s 240 fnt6 8122 2822(object)m 240 fnt1 8710 2820(;)m 8833(all)s 3600 2532(h)m 1(yphenation)k 4897(g)s 1(aps)k 5443(without)s 6291(e)s 3(xception)k 7332(re)s 6(v)k 3(ert)k 7996(to)s 8292(edge-)s 8812(to-)s 3600 2244(edge)m 4108(mode.)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark 0 1741(The)m 220 fnt2 428 1738(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1284 1741(also)m 1722(has)s 2092(options)s 2848(which)s 3490(control)s 4222(wido)s 6(w)k 4922(and)s 5326(orphan)s 6048(lines:)s 220 fnt2 480 1233(unbreakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k 240 fnt6 3053 1238(ob-)m 480 950(ject)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_14 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 1236(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k 4431(column)s 5256(and)s 5710(page)s 6268(breaks)s 6993(\(i.e.)s 7458(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 8276(a)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3600 948(from)m 4147(splitting\))s 5081(between)s 5959(the)s 6330(\207rst)s 6784(and)s 7212(second)s 7958(lines)s 8483(of)s 8778(the)s 3600 660(paragraphs)m 4700(of)s 240 fnt6 4971 662(object)m 240 fnt1 5559 660(;)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_16 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 46 52 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(46)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13200(unbreakab)m 4(lelast @Break)k 240 fnt6 3053 13205(ob-)m 480 12917(ject)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_15 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3600 13203(Pre)m 6(v)k 3(ent)k 4429(column)s 5252(and)s 5704(page)s 6261(breaks)s 6984(between)s 7886(the)s 8282(last)s 8722(and)s 3600 12915(second)m 4323(last)s 4714(lines)s 5216(of)s 5487(the)s 5835(paragraphs)s 6935(of)s 240 fnt6 7206 12917(object)m 240 fnt1 7794 12915(.)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_17 /DEST pdfmark 0 12412(These)m 688(options)s 1506(w)s 2(ork)k 2119(by)s 2475(adding)s 3241(the)s 220 fnt2 3651 12409(u)m 240 fnt1 3881 12412(\(unbreakable\))m 5319(suf\207x)s 5980(to)s 6281(the)s 6691(appropriate)s 7897(g)s 1(aps)k 8448(during)s 0 12124(paragraph)m 1017(breaking,)s 1966(so)s 2237(their)s 2738(precise)s 3475(ef)s 6(fect)k 4076(is)s 4290(as)s 4545(described)s 5524(for)s 5866(this)s 6267(suf\207x.)s 6981(These)s 7612(options)s 8373(may)s 8844(be)s 0 11836(countermanded)m 1533(by)s 220 fnt2 1827 11833(breakab)m 4(le\207rst @Break)k 240 fnt1 4057 11836(and)m 220 fnt2 4461 11833(breakab)m 4(lelast @Break.)k 240 fnt1 480 11462(The)m 908(width)s 1510(of)s 1781(the)s 2129(outdenting)s 3206(used)s 3703(in)s 3946(the)s 220 fnt2 4294 11459(outdent)m 240 fnt1 5082 11462(style)m 5589(may)s 6055(be)s 6337(changed)s 7193(lik)s 2(e)k 7605(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 10954({ setoutdent)m 240 fnt6 1769 10959(width)m 220 fnt2 2430 10954(} @Break)m 240 fnt6 480 10671(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 10957(W)m 9(ithin)k 240 fnt6 4310 10959(object)m 240 fnt1 4898 10957(,)m 5003(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 5982(outdenting)s 7057(is)s 7265(required,)s 8166(use)s 240 fnt6 8539 10959(width)m 240 fnt1 3600 10669(for)m 3983(the)s 4377(amount)s 5201(of)s 5518(outdenting.)s 6751(Note)s 7318(that)s 7782(this)s 8224(does)s 8760(not)s 3600 10381(itself)m 4161(cause)s 4761(a)s 4940(switch)s 5634(to)s 5886(outdenting)s 6976(style.)s 7604(The)s 8045(width)s 8660(may)s 3600 10093(be)m 3887(preceded)s 4813(by)s 220 fnt2 5112 10090(+)m 240 fnt1 5298 10093(or)m 220 fnt2 5562 10090(\211)m 240 fnt1 5749 10093(to)m 5993(indicate)s 6811(a)s 6982(change)s 7721(to)s 7965(the)s 8319(e)s 3(xisting)k 3600 9805(outdent)m 4378(v)s 6(alue.)k [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_brea_18 /DEST pdfmark 0 9351(Mar)m 4(gin)k 764(k)s 2(erning,)k 1608(in)s 1858(which)s 2508(small)s 3087(\(usually)s 3919(punctuation\))s 5185(characters)s 6210(protrude)s 7084(into)s 7516(the)s 7872(mar)s 4(gin,)k 8660(may)s 0 9063(be)m 282(obtained)s 1164(by)s 220 fnt2 1458 9060(margink)m 4(er)k -5(ning @Break)k 240 fnt1 3765 9063(and)m 4169(turned)s 4838(of)s 6(f)k 5182(by)s 220 fnt2 5476 9060(nomargink)m 4(er)k -5(ning @Break)k 240 fnt1 7967 9063(.)m 480 8689(Se)m 6(v)k 3(eral)k 1310(options)s 2135(may)s 2669(be)s 3020(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3668(to)s 3976(the)s 220 fnt2 4392 8686(@Break)m 240 fnt1 5317 8689(symbol)m 6145(simultaneously)s 15(,)k 7754(in)s 8065(an)s 3(y)k 8531(order)s 13(.)k 0 8401(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 7900({ adjust 1.2fx h)m 6(yphen } @Break ...)k 240 fnt1 0 7402(is)m 210(a)s 375(typical)s 1079(initial)s 1689(v)s 6(alue.)k 2365(There)s 2977(may)s 3442(be)s 3723(empty)s 4375(objects)s 5102(and)s 220 fnt2 5505 7399(@Null)m 240 fnt1 6149 7402(objects)m 6877(in)s 7119(the)s 7466(left)s 7842(parameter)s 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 7111(@Break)m 240 fnt1 796 7114(;)m 908(these)s 1455(are)s 1802(ignored.)s 240 fnt5 0 6321(3.5.)m 471(@Space)s [ /Dest /LOUTspace /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 5844(The)m 220 fnt2 911 5841(@Space)m 240 fnt1 1812 5844(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_spac_1 /DEST pdfmark 2576(changes)s 3402(the)s 3754(v)s 6(alue)k 4326(of)s 4601(the)s 220 fnt2 4953 5841(s)m 240 fnt1 5120 5844(unit)m 5556(of)s 5831(measurement)s 7169(\(Section)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_spac_2 /DEST pdfmark 8026(3.2\))s 8458(within)s 0 5556(its)m 276(right)s 787(parameter)s 1801(to)s 2040(the)s 2388(v)s 6(alue)k 2956(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3536(by)s 3830(the)s 4178(left)s 4555(parameter:)s 220 fnt2 480 5055(1c @Space { a b c d })m 240 fnt1 0 4559(has)m 370(result)s 480 4106(a)m 1153(b)s 1833(c)s 2499(d)s 0 3653(As)m 311(for)s 643(the)s 220 fnt2 985 3650(@Break)m 240 fnt1 1835 3653(symbol,)m 2641(the)s 2982(left)s 3353(parameter)s 4361(of)s 220 fnt2 4626 3650(@Space)m 240 fnt1 5517 3653(may)m 5976(be)s 6252(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 6826(relati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7582(to)s 7815(the)s 8156(enclosing)s 220 fnt2 0 3362(s)m 240 fnt1 163 3365(unit,)m 642(and)s 1046(it)s 1238(may)s 1704(include)s 2464(a)s 2630(g)s 1(ap)k 3028(mode.)s 3724(Note)s 4245(that)s 4663(the)s 220 fnt2 5011 3362(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 5723 3365(symbol)m 6483(also)s 6921(sets)s 7330(the)s 220 fnt2 7678 3362(s)m 240 fnt1 7841 3365(unit.)m 480 2991(The)m 906(left)s 1280(parameter)s 2292(of)s 2560(the)s 220 fnt2 2906 2988(@Space)m 240 fnt1 3800 2991(symbol)m 4558(may)s 5021(also)s 5456(hold)s 5938(an)s 3(y)k 6332(one)s 6732(of)s 7000(the)s 7346(\207v)s 3(e)k 7755(special)s 8470(v)s 6(alues)k 220 fnt2 0 2700(lout)m 240 fnt1 349 2703(,)m 220 fnt2 461 2700(compress)m 240 fnt1 1406 2703(,)m 220 fnt2 1518 2700(separ)m 2(ate)k 240 fnt1 2362 2703(,)m 220 fnt2 2474 2700(troff)m 240 fnt1 2849 2703(,)m 2961(and)s 220 fnt2 3371 2700(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 3656 2703(,)m 3768(which)s 4415(control)s 5152(the)s 5505(w)s 2(ay)k 5962(in)s 6210(which)s 6857(Lout)s 7374(treats)s 7946(white)s 8539(space)s 0 2415(separating)m 1047(tw)s 2(o)k 1470(objects.)s 2324(The)s 2764(names)s 220 fnt2 3439 2412(troff)m 240 fnt1 3887 2415(and)m 220 fnt2 4304 2412(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 4661 2415(indicate)m 5486(that)s 5917(the)s 6278(beha)s 4(viour)k 7303(of)s 7587(these)s 8147(options)s 8916(is)s 0 2127(inspired)m 828(by)s 1122(these)s 1669(other)s 2220(document)s 3224(formatting)s 4285(systems.)s 480 1753(The)m 897(def)s 2(ault)k 1607(setting,)s 220 fnt2 2339 1750(lout)m 240 fnt1 2688 1753(,)m 2784(produces)s 3687(as)s 3926(man)s 3(y)k 4498(spaces)s 5161(in)s 5393(the)s 5729(output)s 6390(as)s 6629(there)s 7150(are)s 7486(in)s 7717(the)s 8054(input.)s 8698(The)s 220 fnt2 0 1462(compress)m 240 fnt1 1017 1465(setting)m 1719(causes)s 2407(all)s 2712(sequences)s 3746(of)s 4029(tw)s 2(o)k 4452(or)s 4723(more)s 5283(white)s 5882(space)s 6482(characters)s 7512(to)s 7764(be)s 8058(treated)s 8778(the)s 0 1177(same)m 556(as)s 815(one)s 1227(white)s 1823(space)s 2419(character)s 13(.)k 3454(The)s 220 fnt2 3891 1174(separ)m 2(ate)k 240 fnt1 4804 1177(setting)m 5504(is)s 5723(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 6144 1174(compress)m 240 fnt1 7159 1177(b)m 4(ut)k 7530(also)s 7977(causes)s 8662(zero)s 0 889(white)m 587(spaces)s 1263(between)s 2118(tw)s 2(o)k 2529(objects)s 3258(\(b)s 4(ut)k 3700(not)s 4067(within)s 4736(one)s 5138(w)s 2(ord\))k 5757(to)s 5997(be)s 6280(treated)s 6988(the)s 7337(same)s 7885(as)s 8136(one)s 8539(white)s 0 601(space)m 587(character)s 13(.)k 480 227(The)m 220 fnt2 902 224(troff)m 240 fnt1 1330 227(setting)m 2013(is)s 2216(the)s 2557(same)s 3097(as)s 220 fnt2 3340 224(lout)m 240 fnt1 3742 227(e)m 3(xcept)k 4416(that)s 4828(where)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 5761(a)s 5920(sentence)s 6792(ends)s 7275(at)s 7500(the)s 7841(end)s 8238(of)s 8502(a)s 8661(line,)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 47 53 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1578(3.5.)m 1871(@Space)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1581(47)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13370 0 13261 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13207(one)m 415(e)s 3(xtra)k 962(space)s 1562(is)s 1785(added.)s 2535(F)s 3(ormally)k 15(,)k 3513(when)s 4102(tw)s 2(o)k 4525(objects)s 5266(are)s 5627(separated)s 6600(by)s 6907(white)s 7507(space)s 8108(characters)s 0 12919(which)m 660(include)s 1439(at)s 1689(least)s 2205(one)s 2625(ne)s 6(wline)k 3451(character)s 9(,)k 4442(and)s 4864(the)s 5231(\207rst)s 5680(object)s 6343(is)s 6572(a)s 6756(w)s 2(ord)k 7323(ending)s 8046(in)s 8308(an)s 3(y)k 8724(one)s 0 12631(of)m 288(a)s 471(certain)s 1194(set)s 1536(of)s 1824(sequences)s 2862(of)s 3150(characters,)s 4241(the)s 4606(e)s 3(xtra)k 5157(space)s 5761(is)s 5988(added.)s 6741(The)s 7186(set)s 7528(of)s 7816(sequences)s 8855(of)s 0 12343(characters)m 1025(depends)s 1868(on)s 2173(the)s 2528(current)s 3272(language)s 4199(and)s 4610(is)s 4828(de\207ned)s 5598(in)s 5849(the)s 220 fnt2 6204 12340(langdef)m 240 fnt1 6987 12343(for)m 7333(that)s 7758(language)s 8686(\(see)s 0 12055(Section)m 774(3.12\).)s 480 11681(The)m 220 fnt2 930 11678(te)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 1297 11681(option)m 1989(is)s 2221(the)s 2592(most)s 3139(complicated.)s 4494(First,)s 5060(the)s 220 fnt2 5430 11678(compress)m 240 fnt1 6458 11681(option)m 7149(is)s 7382(applied.)s 8272(Then,)s 8894(at)s 0 11393(e)m 6(v)k 3(ery)k 576(sentence)s 1455(ending,)s 2213(whether)s 3043(or)s 3302(not)s 3667(at)s 3899(the)s 4246(end)s 4650(of)s 4921(a)s 5086(line,)s 5551(one)s 5952(e)s 3(xtra)k 6486(space)s 7073(is)s 7282(added.)s 8018(A)s 8247(sentence)s 0 11105(ending)m 709(is)s 923(de\207ned)s 1690(as)s 1944(for)s 220 fnt2 2286 11102(troff)m 240 fnt1 2726 11105(e)m 3(xcept)k 3411(that,)s 3880(in)s 4127(addition)s 4972(to)s 5215(the)s 5568(preceding)s 6568(w)s 2(ord)k 7120(ha)s 4(ving)k 7825(to)s 8068(end)s 8476(in)s 8724(one)s 0 10817(of)m 268(a)s 431(certain)s 1134(set)s 1456(of)s 1724(sequences)s 2742(of)s 3010(characters,)s 4081(the)s 4426(character)s 5357(preceding)s 6350(that)s 6765(sequence)s 7695(must)s 8217(e)s 3(xist)k 8722(and)s 0 10529(must)m 525(be)s 807(a)s 973(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case)k 2053(letter)s 13(.)k 2693(A)s 2924(character)s 3858(is)s 4068(a)s 4234(lo)s 6(wer)k 4(-case)k 5314(letter)s 5864(if,)s 6116(in)s 6359(the)s 6707(Lout)s 7219(Character)s 8208(Mapping)s 0 10241(\207le)m 393(\(Section)s 1278(3.3\))s 1738(associated)s 2810(with)s 3325(the)s 3705(current)s 4473(font,)s 4997(an)s 5313(upper)s 4(-case)k 6432(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 7508(of)s 7811(the)s 8192(character)s 0 9953(is)m 210(de\207ned.)s 240 fnt5 0 9210(3.6.)m 471(@YUnit,)s 1432(@ZUnit,)s 2380(@CurrYUnit,)s 3859(and)s 4300(@CurrZUnit)s [ /Dest /LOUTyunit /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8739(The)m 220 fnt2 917 8736(@YUnit)m 240 fnt1 1741 8739(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_yuni_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_yuni_2 /DEST pdfmark 2510(changes)s 3342(the)s 3699(v)s 6(alue)k 4277(of)s 4557(the)s 220 fnt2 4915 8736(y)m 240 fnt1 5092 8739(unit)m 5534(of)s 5814(measurement)s 7158(\(Section)s 8020(3.2\))s 8458(within)s 0 8451(its)m 276(right)s 787(parameter)s 1801(to)s 2040(the)s 2388(v)s 6(alue)k 2956(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3536(by)s 3830(the)s 4178(left)s 4555(parameter:)s 220 fnt2 480 7950(1c @YUnit { ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 7456(ensures)m 760(that)s 1170(the)s 1510(v)s 6(alue)k 2070(of)s 220 fnt2 2333 7453(1y)m 240 fnt1 2615 7456(within)m 3275(the)s 3615(right)s 4118(parameter)s 5124(will)s 5542(be)s 220 fnt2 5816 7453(1c)m 240 fnt1 6043 7456(.)m 6199(The)s 220 fnt2 6619 7453(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt1 7413 7456(symbol)m 8165(is)s 8366(similar)s 9(,)k 0 7168(setting)m 688(the)s 1034(v)s 6(alue)k 1600(of)s 1869(the)s 220 fnt2 2215 7165(z)m 240 fnt1 2376 7168(unit)m 2806(in)s 3047(its)s 3321(right)s 3830(parameter)s 13(.)k 4933(Both)s 5453(units)s 5967(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6466(def)s 2(ault)k 7185(v)s 6(alue)k 7751(zero.)s 8324(The)s 8749(left)s 0 6880(parameter)m 1011(may)s 1473(not)s 1836(include)s 2592(a)s 2755(g)s 1(ap)k 3149(mode,)s 3784(nor)s 4160(may)s 4622(it)s 4811(use)s 5182(the)s 220 fnt2 5526 6877(w)m 240 fnt1 5682 6880(,)m 220 fnt2 5786 6877(b)m 240 fnt1 5900 6880(,)m 220 fnt2 6003 6877(r)m 240 fnt1 6076 6880(,)m 6180(or)s 6435(of)s 6702(course)s 220 fnt2 7379 6877(d)m 240 fnt1 7545 6880(units,)m 8114(b)s 4(ut)k 8472(it)s 8660(may)s 0 6592(be)m 3(gin)k 577(with)s 220 fnt2 1050 6589(+)m 240 fnt1 1220 6592(or)m 220 fnt2 1470 6589(-)m 240 fnt1 1584 6592(to)m 1814(indicate)s 2616(that)s 3025(v)s 6(alue)k 3583(is)s 3784(to)s 4014(be)s 4286(added)s 4907(to)s 5136(or)s 5386(subtracted)s 6416(from)s 6931(the)s 7269(current)s 7996(v)s 6(alue.)k 8662(An)s 3(y)k 0 6304(ne)m 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e)k 853(result)s 1443(of)s 1714(using)s 220 fnt2 2286 6301(-)m 240 fnt1 2410 6304(will)m 2836(be)s 3118(silently)s 3875(replaced)s 4742(by)s 5036(zero.)s 480 5930(The)m 220 fnt2 913 5927(@CurrYUnit)m 240 fnt1 2159 5930(and)m 220 fnt2 2569 5927(@CurrZUnit)m 240 fnt1 3803 5930(symbols)m 4658(report)s 5294(the)s 5648(v)s 6(alue)k 6222(of)s 6499(the)s 220 fnt2 6853 5927(y)m 240 fnt1 7027 5930(and)m 220 fnt2 7437 5927(z)m 240 fnt1 7607 5930(units,)m 8185(in)s 8434(points,)s 0 5642(truncated)m 947(to)s 1186(the)s 1534(nearest)s 2270(inte)s 3(ger)k 13(.)k 3081(F)s 3(or)k 3470(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 5141(1i @YUnit { )m 11(The current v)k 5(alue of the y unit is @CurrYUnit })k 240 fnt1 0 4643(produces)m 480 4140(The)m 908(current)s 1644(v)s 6(alue)k 2212(of)s 2483(the)s 2831(y)s 3005(unit)s 3437(is)s 3647(72p)s 0 3637(since)m 547(there)s 1080(are)s 1427(72)s 1721(points)s 2357(in)s 2600(one)s 3002(inch)s 3471(\(at)s 3782(least,)s 4326(Lout)s 4838(thinks)s 5474(there)s 6007(are\).)s 480 3263(These)m 1123(units)s 1655(are)s 2018(not)s 2401(used)s 2914(internally)s 3899(by)s 4209(Lout.)s 4842(The)s 3(y)k 5401(are)s 5764(supplied)s 6649(as)s 6916(part)s 7363(of)s 7650(the)s 8014(style)s 8538(infor)s 4(-)k 0 2975(mation)m 731(for)s 1080(the)s 1439(con)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k 2690(of)s 2972(application)s 4102(packages.)s 5154(F)s 3(or)k 5554(e)s 3(xample,)k 6479(the)s 6838(Eq)s 7173(equation)s 8065(formatting)s 0 2687(package)m 840(uses)s 1303(them)s 1841(to)s 2080(\207ne-)s 2507(tune)s 2975(the)s 3323(appearance)s 4454(of)s 4725(equations.)s 240 fnt5 0 1894(3.7.)m 471(@SetContext)s 1882(and)s 2323(@GetContext)s [ /Dest /LOUTcont /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 1462(As)m 833(earlier)s 1538(sections)s 2395(sho)s 6(wed,)k 3265(the)s 3649(style)s 4193(information)s 5414(contains)s 6299(man)s 3(y)k 6918(attrib)s 4(utes:)k 8005(the)s 8390(current)s 0 1174(font,)m 509(break)s 1119(style,)s 1695(colour)s 2384(and)s 2806(te)s 3(xture,)k 3591(and)s 4013(so)s 4297(on.)s 4718(It)s 4941(is)s 5169(also)s 5625(possible)s 153 fnt1 6405 1263(1)m 240 fnt1 6543 1174(to)m 6800(add)s 7222(arbitrary)s 8115(additional)s 0 886(information)m 1213(to)s 1480(the)s 1856(style,)s 2442(using)s 3042(the)s 220 fnt2 3418 883(@SetConte)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 4804 886(symbol,)m 5644(and)s 6076(retrie)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6879(it)s 7099(using)s 220 fnt2 7699 883(@GetConte)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 9022 886(.)m 1134 0 0 0 240 288 60 0 267 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore 122 fnt1 0 72(1)m 192 fnt1 58 2(From)m 520(V)s 21(ersion)k 1150(3.34)s 1529(of)s 1745(Basser)s 2302(Lout.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 48 54 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(48)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 12704({dir)m -5(n @Y)k 4(ield up} @SetConte)k 6(xt {)k 480 12416(The current direction is {@GetConte)m 6(xt dir)k -5(n}.)k 480 12128(})m 240 fnt1 0 11634(produces)m 480 11131(The)m 908(current)s 1644(direction)s 2550(is)s 2760(up.)s 0 10626(The)m 435(object)s 1086(to)s 1333(the)s 1688(left)s 2072(of)s 220 fnt2 2351 10623(@SetConte)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 3716 10626(must)m 4249(be)s 4538(a)s 220 fnt2 4711 10623(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 5472 10626(symbol)m 6239(whose)s 6914(left)s 7299(parameter)s 9(,)k 8358(the)s 240 fnt6 8714 10628(k)m 2(e)k 7(y)k 240 fnt1 9019 10626(,)m 0 10338(e)m 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 948(to)s 1208(a)s 1394(simple)s 2108(w)s 2(ord,)k 2725(and)s 3150(whose)s 3838(right)s 4370(parameter)s 9(,)k 5442(the)s 240 fnt6 5811 10340(value)m 240 fnt1 6322 10338(,)m 6449(may)s 6936(be)s 7238(an)s 7542(arbitrary)s 8438(object.)s 0 10050(Since)m 220 fnt2 601 10047(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 1369 10050(has)m 1754(high)s 2251(precedence)s 3397(it)s 3604(will)s 4045(usually)s 4804(be)s 5101(necessary)s 6099(to)s 6352(enclose)s 7140(non-tri)s 6(vial)k 8212(v)s 6(alues)k 8883(in)s 0 9762(braces.)m 783(The)s 1220(ef)s 6(fect)k 1826(is)s 2045(to)s 2294(associate)s 3221(the)s 3579(v)s 6(alue)k 4156(with)s 4648(the)s 5005(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 5410(in)s 5662(a)s 5838(symbol)s 6607(table)s 7137(throughout)s 8257(the)s 8615(right)s 0 9474(parameter)m 1048(of)s 1353(the)s 220 fnt2 1735 9471(@SetConte)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 3128 9474(symbol,)m 3974(as)s 4258(part)s 4724(of)s 5029(the)s 5411(style)s 5952(information.)s 7279(The)s 7741(v)s 6(alue)k 8343(may)s 8844(be)s 0 9186(retrie)m 6(v)k 3(ed)k 897(an)s 3(ywhere)k 1880(in)s 2123(this)s 2519(re)s 3(gion)k 3184(by)s 3478(in)s 9(v)k 4(oking)k 220 fnt2 4370 9183(@GetConte)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 5753 9186(with)m 6235(the)s 6583(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 6978(as)s 7228(its)s 7504(right)s 8015(parameter)s 13(.)k 480 8812(The)m 901(v)s 6(alue)k 1461(is)s 1663(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated)k 2617(using)s 3181(the)s 3521(style)s 4020(and)s 4416(en)s 9(vironment)k 5668(where)s 6300(it)s 6484(occurs,)s 7207(not)s 7565(where)s 8197(it)s 8381(is)s 8583(used.)s 0 8524(In)m 264(an)s 3(y)k 669(case)s 1145(in)s 1396(most)s 1930(applications)s 3144(the)s 3500(v)s 6(alue)k 4077(will)s 4511(be)s 4802(a)s 4976(simple)s 5677(w)s 2(ord,)k 6283(independent)s 7521(of)s 7801(an)s 3(y)k 8206(style)s 8722(and)s 0 8236(en)m 9(vironment,)k 1307(used)s 1804(to)s 2043(select)s 2646(a)s 2812(branch)s 3520(in)s 3763(a)s 3929(case)s 4396(e)s 3(xpression,)k 5523(lik)s 2(e)k 5935(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 7735({@GetConte)m 6(xt dir)k -5(n} @Case {)k 480 7447( up @Y)m 4(ield ...)k 480 7159( do)m 3(wn @Y)k 4(ield ...)k 480 6871(})m 0 6374(@GetConte)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 1383 6377(reports)m 2097(an)s 2380(error)s 2903(if)s 3120(there)s 3653(is)s 3863(no)s 4156(v)s 6(alue)k 4724(associated)s 5764(with)s 6246(its)s 6522(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 6917(in)s 7160(the)s 7508(current)s 8244(style.)s 240 fnt5 0 5584(3.8.)m 471(@SetColour)s 1788(and)s 2229(@SetColor)s [ /Dest /LOUTcolour /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 5152(The)m 220 fnt2 927 5149(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 2204 5152(and)m 220 fnt2 2628 5149(@SetColor)m 240 fnt1 3783 5152(symbols,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_colo_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_colo_2 /DEST pdfmark 4708(which)s 5370(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5891(identical)s 6788(ef)s 6(fect,)k 7451(return)s 8098(their)s 8615(right)s 0 4864(parameter)m 1047(in)s 1323(the)s 1704(colour)s 2408(speci\207ed)s 3349(by)s 3676(their)s 4206(left)s 4617(parameter)s 13(.)k 5755(The)s 6216(form)s 6773(of)s 7077(the)s 7458(left)s 7868(parameter)s 8916(is)s 0 4576(implementation-dependent;)m 2693(in)s 2954(Basser)s 3670(Lout)s 4200(it)s 4410(must)s 4954(be)s 5254(an)s 5555(object)s 6218(whose)s 6904(v)s 6(alue)k 7490(is)s 7719(a)s 7903(sequence)s 8855(of)s 0 4288(w)m 2(ords)k 634(comprising)s 1763(a)s 1929(PostScript)s 2971(command)s 3973(for)s 4311(setting)s 5001(colour)s 13(.)k 5763(F)s 3(or)k 6152(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 3787({ 1.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor } @SetColour { hello)m 8(, w)k 2(or)k -3(ld })k 240 fnt1 0 3288(produces)m 915(the)s 1263(red)s 1626(result)s 1.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 480 2785(hello,)m 1065(w)s 2(orld)k 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 2301(Of)m 322(course,)s 1050(a)s 1213(colour)s 1881(output)s 2550(de)s 6(vice)k 3222(is)s 3429(needed)s 4162(to)s 4398(see)s 4756(the)s 5101(ef)s 6(fect;)k 5747(on)s 6041(a)s 6204(monochrome)s 7520(de)s 6(vice)k 8191(the)s 8536(result)s 0 2013(will)m 426(be)s 708(some)s 1269(shade)s 1870(of)s 2141(gre)s 3(y)k 15(.)k 480 1639(The)m 220 fnt2 901 1636(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 2151 1639(command)m 3145(accepts)s 3892(the)s 4232(special)s 4943(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 5504 1636(nochange)m 240 fnt1 6512 1639(for)m 6843(the)s 7183(left)s 7553(parameter)s 13(.)k 8650(This)s 0 1351(v)m 6(alue)k 574(causes)s 1256(the)s 1611(right)s 2129(parameter)s 3150(to)s 3396(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3904(the)s 4258(colour)s 4936(it)s 5135(w)s 2(ould)k 5797(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6305(had)s 6716(without)s 7514(the)s 220 fnt2 7869 1348(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 0 1063(command.)m 1108(An)s 1458(empty)s 2110(left)s 2487(parameter)s 3501(also)s 3939(has)s 4309(this)s 4705(ef)s 6(fect.)k 480 689(There)m 1132(is)s 1382(no)s 1715(def)s 2(ault)k 2476(colour)s 9(,)k 3225(so)s 3530(the)s 3918(user)s 4416(must)s 4981(ensure)s 5701(that)s 6159(the)s 6546(root)s 7031(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7705(or)s 8004(each)s 8539(of)s 8850(its)s 0 401(components)m 1208(is)s 1418(enclosed)s 2313(in)s 2556(a)s 220 fnt2 2722 398(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 3979 401(symbol)m 4739(whose)s 5407(left)s 5784(parameter)s 6798(is)s 7008(not)s 220 fnt2 7374 398(nochange)m 240 fnt1 8330 401(.)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 49 55 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt8 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt8 { /Times-Italicfnt8 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.8.)m 1871(@SetColour)s 3127(and)s 3553(@SetColor)s 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(49)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13412 0 13303 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13249(In)m 754(addition)s 1613(to)s 1870(setting)s 2579(the)s 2945(colour)s 3634(used)s 4150(in)s 4411(the)s 4777(follo)s 6(wing)k 5773(object,)s 6482(the)s 220 fnt2 6848 13246(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 8124 13249(command)m 0 12961(also)m 438(sets)s 847(the)s 1195(underline)s 2154(colour)s 2825(in)s 3068(that)s 3485(object,)s 4176(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4588 12958(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 6785 12961(from)m 7309(Section)s 8083(3.9.)s 8486(While)s 0 12673(a)m 165(case)s 630(could)s 1218(be)s 1498(made)s 2071(for)s 2407(k)s 2(eeping)k 3214(these)s 3759(tw)s 2(o)k 4168(attrib)s 4(utes)k 5101(of)s 5370(style)s 5875(independent,)s 7151(most)s 7674(people)s 8366(w)s 2(ant)k 8887(to)s 0 12385(underline)m 966(in)s 1216(the)s 1571(same)s 2125(colour)s 2804(as)s 3061(the)s 3416(te)s 3(xt)k 3838(most)s 4371(of)s 4649(the)s 5004(time,)s 5542(and)s 5954(this)s 6357(beha)s 4(viour)k 7377(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 7931(this)s 8335(without)s 0 12097(an)m 3(y)k 397(need)s 907(to)s 1146(use)s 220 fnt2 1521 12094(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 3718 12097(e)m 3(xplicitly)k 15(.)k 480 11723(Lout)m 1046(mak)s 2(es)k 1761(no)s 2109(attempt)s 2939(to)s 3233(understand)s 4396(colour)s 9(,)k 5159(it)s 5406(simply)s 6166(prints)s 6815(the)s 7218(PostScript)s 8315(or)s 8629(PDF)s 0 11435(commands)m 1082(when)s 1652(appropriate.)s 2897(This)s 3367(has)s 3731(the)s 4072(adv)s 6(antage)k 5086(of)s 5350(permitting)s 6392(access)s 7047(to)s 7279(an)s 3(y)k 7670(of)s 7934(PostScript')s 13(s)k 0 11147(colour)m 703(models)s 1478(\(some)s 2150(require)s 2915(initialization)s 4210(which)s 4885(can)s 5306(be)s 5621(supplied)s 6522(using)s 220 fnt2 7127 11144(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 8940 11147(\),)m 0 10859(b)m 4(ut)k 373(the)s 733(disadv)s 6(antage)k 2044(of)s 2326(of)s 6(fering)k 3154(no)s 3459(w)s 2(ay)k 3922(to)s 4172(mak)s 2(e)k 4756(relati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5530(changes)s 6364(\(`as)s 6783(before)s 7461(only)s 7953(redder)s 9(,)k 16(')k 8722(and)s 0 10571(so)m 266(on\).)s 480 10197(F)m 3(or)k 870(those)s 1432(who)s 1899(wish)s 2409(to)s 2649(obtain)s 3305(colour)s 3977(without)s 4769(w)s 2(orking)k 5619(v)s 3(ery)k 6096(hard,)s 6629(the)s 220 fnt2 6978 10194(setrgbcolor)m 240 fnt1 8124 10197(command)m 0 9909(used)m 496(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 1117(is)s 1325(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 2232(in)s 2474(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 3048(v)s 3(ersion)k 3805(of)s 4075(PostScript,)s 5162(requires)s 5981(no)s 6273(initialization,)s 7584(and)s 7987(is)s 8196(simple)s 8887(to)s 0 9621(use.)m 485(The)s 915(three)s 1450(numbers,)s 2384(which)s 3028(range)s 3617(from)s 4143(0.0)s 4501(to)s 4742(1.0,)s 5151(determine)s 6164(the)s 6515(intensity)s 7394(of)s 7667(red,)s 8081(green,)s 8722(and)s 0 9333(blue)m 468(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k 1762(Some)s 2363(useful)s 3002(v)s 6(alues)k 3658(for)s 3996(the)s 4344(left)s 4721(parameter)s 5735(are)s 220 fnt2 480 8768(1.0)m 838(0.0)s 1196(0.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt6 2979 8773(r)m 8(ed)k 220 fnt2 480 8449(0.0)m 838(1.0)s 1196(0.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt6 2979 8454(gr)m 8(een)k 220 fnt2 480 8119(0.0)m 838(0.0)s 1196(1.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt6 2979 8124(blue)m 220 fnt2 480 7789(1.0)m 838(1.0)s 1196(1.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt6 2979 7794(white)m 220 fnt2 480 7470(0.5)m 837(0.5)s 1194(0.5)s 1551(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt6 2979 7475(gr)m 8(e)k 7(y)k 220 fnt2 480 7140(0.0)m 838(0.0)s 1196(0.0)s 1554(setrgbcolor)s 240 fnt6 2979 7145(blac)m 4(k)k 240 fnt1 0 6584(Colouring)m 1042(an)s 1344(object)s 2007(white)s 2613(is)s 2841(useful)s 3499(for)s 3856(producing)s 4899(an)s 5200(empty)s 5871(space)s 6477(whose)s 7164(size)s 7609(is)s 7838(that)s 8275(of)s 8565(some)s 0 6296(object.)m 480 5922(Since)m 1076(the)s 1434(introduction)s 2670(of)s 2951(te)s 3(xtures)k 3765(to)s 4014(Lout)s 4536(in)s 4789(V)s 26(ersion)k 5587(3.27,)s 6124(direct)s 6737(use)s 7122(of)s 7403(PostScript)s 8455(colour)s 0 5634(setting)m 689(operations)s 1734(such)s 2228(as)s 220 fnt2 2476 5631(setrgbcolor)m 240 fnt1 3620 5634(is)m 3828(deprecated.)s 5025(Instead,)s 5820(Lout)s 6330(of)s 6(fers)k 6930(its)s 7204(o)s 6(wn)k 7666(v)s 3(ersions)k 8509(of)s 8778(the)s 0 5346(standard)m 868(PostScript)s 1910(colour)s 2581(setting)s 3271(operations:)s 2982 12 0 12 240 288 60 480 4610 LoutGr2 LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 240 fnt8 624 4762(If)m 864(you)s 1264(want)s 1794(this)s gsave 3462 4610 translate 240 fnt1 3616 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 3606(Y)s 22(ou)k 4011(should)s 4716(r)s 3(ather)k 5376(write)s 5920(this)s 220 fnt2 624 4373(n)m 2(um)k 1096(setg)s 2(r)k 2(a)k 6(y)k 3606(n)s 2(um)k 4078(LoutSetGr)s 2(a)k 6(y)k 624 3989(n)m 2(um)k 1096(n)s 2(um)k 1568(n)s 2(um)k 2040(setrgbcolor)s 3606(n)s 2(um)k 4078(n)s 2(um)k 4550(n)s 2(um)k 5022(LoutSetRGBColor)s 624 3605(n)m 2(um)k 1096(n)s 2(um)k 1568(n)s 2(um)k 2040(sethsbcolor)s 3606(n)s 2(um)k 4078(n)s 2(um)k 4550(n)s 2(um)k 5022(LoutSetHSBColor)s gsave 480 3074 translate 240 fnt1 2982 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 624 3221(n)m 2(um)k 1096(n)s 2(um)k 1568(n)s 2(um)k 2040(setcm)s 3(ykcolor)k gsave 3462 3074 translate 240 fnt1 3616 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 3606(n)s 2(um)k 4078(n)s 2(um)k 4550(n)s 2(um)k 5022(LoutSetCMYKColor)s 240 fnt1 0 2635(The)m 462(Lout)s 1008(v)s 3(ersions)k 1887(are)s 2268(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 3346(to)s 3619(the)s 4001(PostScript)s 5077(ones)s 5601(b)s 4(ut)k 5997(without)s 6822(the)s 7204(unw)s 2(anted)k 8225(ef)s 6(fect)k 8855(of)s 0 2347(causing)m 784(the)s 1132(current)s 1868(te)s 3(xture)k 2584(to)s 2823(be)s 3105(for)s 4(gotten.)k 240 fnt5 0 1554(3.9.)m 471(@SetUnderlineColour)s 2810(and)s 3251(@SetUnderlineColor)s [ /Dest /LOUTunderline_colour /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 1122(The)m 220 fnt2 905 1119(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 3099 1122(and)m 220 fnt2 3500 1119(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColor)k 240 fnt1 5571 1122(symbols,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_ucol_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_ucol_2 /DEST pdfmark 6473(which)s 7112(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7610(identical)s 8483(ef)s 6(fect,)k 0 834(ensure)m 698(that)s 1134(an)s 3(y)k 1549(underlining)s 2723(in)s 2984(the)s 3350(right)s 3879(parameter)s 4911(is)s 5139(done)s 5679(in)s 5940(the)s 6306(colour)s 6995(speci\207ed)s 7921(by)s 8233(their)s 8749(left)s 0 546(parameter)m 13(.)k 1105(The)s 1533(left)s 1910(parameter)s 2924(is)s 3134(a)s 3300(colour)s 3971(as)s 4221(for)s 220 fnt2 4559 543(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 5816 546(in)m 6059(Section)s 6833(3.8.)s 480 172(T)m 19(o)k 780(actually)s 1590(get)s 1942(underlining,)s 3152(you)s 3567(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4068(to)s 4307(use)s 4682(the)s 220 fnt2 5030 169(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 6245 172(symbol)m 7005(\(Section)s 7858(3.51\).)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 50 56 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(50)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13205(Note)m 1002(that)s 1422(the)s 220 fnt2 1771 13202(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 3030 13205(symbol)m 3791(from)s 4317(Section)s 5092(3.8)s 5441(includes)s 6290(the)s 6640(ef)s 6(fect)k 7237(of)s 220 fnt2 7510 13202(@SetUnder)m -3(line-)k 0 12914(Colour)m 240 fnt1 645 12917(,)m 747(so)s 1007(in)s 1244(the)s 1586(usual)s 2140(case)s 2601(where)s 3235(underlining)s 4385(is)s 4589(to)s 4822(be)s 5098(in)s 5335(the)s 5677(same)s 6218(colour)s 6883(as)s 7127(the)s 7469(te)s 3(xt)k 7878(being)s 8457(under)s 4(-)k 0 12629(lined,)m 585(there)s 1118(is)s 1328(no)s 1621(need)s 2131(to)s 2370(use)s 220 fnt2 2745 12626(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 4882 12629(.)m 240 fnt5 0 11855(3.10.)m 591(@SetT)s 22(extur)k 4(e)k [ /Dest /LOUTtexture /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11423(The)m 220 fnt2 943 11420(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 2295 11423(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_text_1 /DEST pdfmark 3091(returns)s 3841(its)s 4152(right)s 4699(parameter)s 5749(in)s 6028(the)s 6411(te)s 3(xture)k 7163(speci\207ed)s 8107(by)s 8437(its)s 8749(left)s 0 11135(parameter)m 13(.)k 1105(A)s 1335(te)s 3(xture)k 2051(is)s 2261(a)s 2427(pattern)s 3147(used)s 3644(when)s 4220(\207lling)s 4844(areas)s 5385(to)s 5624(get)s 5976(a)s 6142(te)s 3(xture)k 6858(rather)s 7474(than)s 7943(solid)s 8466(color)s 13(.)k 480 10761(In)m 736(the)s 1084(PostScript)s 2125(w)s 2(orld,)k 2788(te)s 3(xtures)k 3592(are)s 3938(called)s 4566(patterns,)s 5429(and)s 5832(the)s 6180(rele)s 6(v)k 6(ant)k 6997(PostScript)s 8038(commands)s 0 10473(use)m 390(this)s 801(terminology)s 15(.)k 2135(The)s 2578(author)s 3264(has)s 3650(preferred)s 4597(the)s 4960(term)s 5473(`te)s 3(xture')k 6339(because)s 7167(it)s 7375(is)s 7600(more)s 8162(precise:)s 8960(a)s 0 10185(pattern)m 720(could)s 1310(be)s 1592(a)s 1758(pattern)s 2478(for)s 2816(an)s 3(ything.)k 480 9811(The)m 220 fnt2 896 9808(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 2200 9811(command)m 3189(accepts)s 3931(the)s 4267(special)s 4972(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 5528 9808(nochange)m 240 fnt1 6532 9811(for)m 6857(the)s 7193(left)s 7558(parameter)s 13(.)k 8650(This)s 0 9523(v)m 6(alue)k 568(causes)s 1243(the)s 1591(right)s 2102(parameter)s 3116(to)s 3355(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3856(the)s 4204(te)s 3(xture)k 4920(it)s 5112(w)s 2(ould)k 5767(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6268(had)s 6672(without)s 7463(the)s 220 fnt2 7810 9520(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 0 9235(command.)m 1108(An)s 1458(empty)s 2110(left)s 2487(parameter)s 3501(also)s 3939(has)s 4309(this)s 4705(ef)s 6(fect.)k 480 8861(Another)m 1329(special)s 2052(v)s 6(alue)k 2625(is)s 220 fnt2 2840 8858(LoutT)m 26(e)k 6(xtureSolid)k 240 fnt1 4453 8861(,)m 4565(which)s 5212(means)s 5879(no)s 6177(te)s 3(xture)k 6898(at)s 7135(all,)s 7485(just)s 7895(solid)s 8424(colour)s 13(.)k 0 8573(It)m 207(w)s 2(ould)k 864(be)s 1149(useful)s 1790(to)s 2032(change)s 2768(back)s 3284(to)s 3525(solid)s 4051(colour)s 4724(within)s 5395(an)s 5680(enclosing)s 6653(te)s 3(xtured)k 7493(re)s 3(gion.)k 8268(It)s 8475(is)s 8688(also)s 0 8285(the)m 355(initial)s 973(te)s 3(xture;)k 1752(thus)s 2209(there)s 2749(is)s 2966(no)s 3266(need)s 3783(to)s 4029(ensure)s 4716(that)s 5141(the)s 5496(root)s 5948(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6589(or)s 6855(each)s 7357(of)s 7635(its)s 7918(components)s 0 7997(is)m 210(enclosed)s 1105(in)s 1348(a)s 220 fnt2 1514 7994(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 2830 7997(symbol.)m 480 7623(The)m 934(form)s 1485(of)s 1783(the)s 2158(left)s 2561(parameter)s 3602(is)s 3839(implementation-dependent;)s 6541(in)s 6810(Basser)s 7534(Lout)s 8073(it)s 8292(must)s 8844(be)s 0 7335(an)m 288(object)s 937(whose)s 1610(v)s 6(alue)k 2184(is)s 2399(a)s 2570(sequence)s 3509(of)s 3785(w)s 2(ords)k 4424(comprising)s 5559(PostScript)s 6606(for)s 6949(setting)s 7645(a)s 7816(te)s 3(xture,)k 8588(up)s 8887(to)s 0 7047(and)m 407(including)s 1367(the)s 1718(PostScript)s 220 fnt2 2763 7044(setpatter)m -5(n)k 240 fnt1 3793 7047(command)m 4799(\(or)s 5140(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent\))k 6255(which)s 6900(installs)s 7630(the)s 7981(te)s 3(xture)k 8701(into)s 0 6759(the)m 347(graphics)s 1207(state.)s 1807(Lout)s 2318(mak)s 2(es)k 2977(no)s 3269(attempt)s 4044(to)s 4282(understand)s 5389(te)s 3(xtures,)k 6248(it)s 6439(simply)s 7143(prints)s 7737(the)s 8084(PostScript)s 0 6471(commands)m 1083(when)s 1654(appropriate.)s 2901(Consult)s 3701([)s [ /Rect [3772 6471 3867 6633] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark 3772(1)s 3867(])s 3980(for)s 4312(information)s 5492(about)s 6079(PostScript)s 7116(patterns.)s 7971(Y)s 26(ou')k 2(ll)k 8616(need)s 0 6183(to)m 239(do)s 532(that)s 950(in)s 1193(order)s 1757(to)s 1996(mak)s 2(e)k 2568(sense)s 3142(of)s 3413(the)s 3761(rest)s 4165(of)s 4436(this)s 4832(section.)s 480 5809(Since)m 1065(b)s 4(uilding)k 1909(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2406(a)s 2569(simple)s 3259(te)s 3(xture)k 3972(tak)s 2(es)k 4509(a)s 4672(lot)s 4981(of)s 5249(PostScript)s 6288(and)s 6689(is)s 6896(quite)s 7427(error)s 4(-prone,)k 8614(Lout)s 0 5521(de\207nes)m 721(tw)s 2(o)k 1122(symbols)s 1962(in)s 2197(the)s 2536(PostScript)s 3569(prologue)s 4467(called)s 220 fnt2 5087 5518(LoutMak)m 4(eT)k 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 6802 5521(and)m 220 fnt2 7197 5518(LoutSetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 8708 5521(that)m 0 5233(you)m 415(can)s 804(use)s 1179(to)s 1418(mak)s 2(e)k 1990(and)s 2394(set)s 2719(a)s 2885(te)s 3(xture,)k 3652(lik)s 2(e)k 4064(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 4735({ "1 1 1 0 dg 0 pt 0 pt")m 480 4447( "2 [0 0 2 pt 3 pt] 2 pt 3 pt { ...)m 13( }")k 480 4159( "LoutMak)m 4(eT)k 26(e)k 6(xture LoutSetT)k 26(e)k 6(xture")k 480 3871(} @SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture ...)k 240 fnt1 0 3377(W)m 19(e')k 2(ll)k 598(e)s 3(xplain)k 1377(both)s 1881(symbols)s 2752(in)s 3016(detail)s 3622(in)s 3887(a)s 4074(moment,)s 4986(b)s 4(ut)k 5369(just)s 5796(brie\210y)s 15(,)k 220 fnt2 6533 3374(LoutMak)m 4(eT)k 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 8278 3377(mak)m 2(es)k 8960(a)s 0 3089(te)m 3(xture,)k 798(lea)s 4(ving)k 1582(a)s 1779(pattern)s 2530(dictionary)s 3584(as)s 3865(returned)s 4750(by)s 220 fnt2 5075 3086(mak)m 4(epatter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 6373 3089(on)m 6701(the)s 7080(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k 8092(stack,)s 8722(and)s 220 fnt2 0 2798(LoutSetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 1510 2801(installs)m 2227(this)s 2612(te)s 3(xture)k 3318(into)s 3732(the)s 4070(current)s 4795(graphics)s 5646(state,)s 6179(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 6581 2798(setpatter)m -5(n)k 240 fnt1 7597 2801(b)m 4(ut)k 7949(without)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 2513(mention)m 841(of)s 1112(colour)s 13(.)k 220 fnt2 480 2136(LoutMak)m 4(eT)k 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 2251 2139(is)m 2508(just)s 2961(a)s 3174(con)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k 4461(de\207nition)s 5483(that)s 5948(constructs)s 7015(a)s 7229(pattern)s 7996(matrix)s 8722(and)s 0 1851(dictionary)m 15(,)k 1054(populating)s 2124(them)s 2655(with)s 3129(the)s 3470(stack)s 4015(elements)s 4907(to)s 5139(its)s 5408(left,)s 5825(then)s 6286(calls)s 220 fnt2 6767 1848(mak)m 4(epatter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 7974 1851(.)m 8131(Y)s 26(ou)k 8565(don')s 4(t)k 0 1563(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k 524(to)s 786(use)s 1184(it)s 1399(if)s 1639(you)s 2077(don')s 4(t)k 2661(w)s 2(ant)k 3207(to.)s 3580(The)s 4031(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 4676(e)s 3(xample)k 5562(of)s 220 fnt2 5856 1560(LoutMak)m 4(eT)k 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 7603 1563(sets)m 8035(the)s 8406(pattern)s 0 1275(matrix)m 678(and)s 1082(dictionary)s 2105(as)s 2355(follo)s 6(ws.)k 480 901(The)m 907(\207rst)s 1336(number)s 2125(is)s 2333(a)s 2498(scale)s 3029(f)s 2(actor)k 9(,)k 3679(and)s 4081(the)s 4428(second)s 5149(and)s 5551(third)s 6058(are)s 6404(horizontal)s 7426(and)s 7828(v)s 3(ertical)k 8593(scale)s 0 613(f)m 2(actors.)k 813(The)s 1243(fourth)s 1886(\()s 220 fnt2 1959 610(0 dg)m 240 fnt1 2374 613(\))m 2504(is)s 2716(an)s 3001(angle)s 3577(of)s 3851(rotation.)s 4760(The)s 5190(\207fth)s 5647(and)s 6053(sixth)s 6577(are)s 6926(horizontal)s 7952(and)s 8359(v)s 3(ertical)k 0 325(shifts.)m 681(These)s 1308(six)s 1642(numbers)s 2517(determine)s 3528(the)s 3876(pattern)s 4596(transformation)s 6059(matrix)s 6737(passed)s 7433(to)s 220 fnt2 7672 322(mak)m 4(epatter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 8879 325(.)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 51 57 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1578(3.10.)m 1991(@SetT)s 22(e)k 4(xtur)k 8(e)k 240 fnt5 10256 -1581(51)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13415 0 13306 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13252(The)m 907(remaining)s 1928(elements)s 2826(go)s 3118(into)s 3541(the)s 3888(pattern)s 4606(dictionary)s 15(.)k 220 fnt2 5723 13249(P)m 8(aintT)k 26(ype)k 240 fnt1 6726 13252(is)m 6935(set)s 7258(to)s 7496(the)s 7842(\207rst)s 8272(of)s 8541(them,)s 0 12964(or)m 250(the)s 589(se)s 6(v)k 3(enth)k 1359(item)s 1834(o)s 3(v)k 3(erall)k 2537(\(2)s 2781(in)s 3015(our)s 3384(e)s 3(xample,)k 4289(denoting)s 5171(an)s 5445(uncoloured)s 6571(pattern,)s 7332(which)s 7965(will)s 8381(usually)s 0 12676(be)m 298(the)s 663(best)s 1125(choice;)s 1877(the)s 2242(pattern)s 2979(will)s 3421(be)s 3720(painted)s 4499(in)s 4758(the)s 5123(current)s 5876(colour\),)s 220 fnt2 6689 12673(BBo)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 7282 12676(is)m 7509(set)s 7850(to)s 8106(the)s 8471(eighth)s 0 12388(item,)m 538(here)s 220 fnt2 1012 12385([0 0 2 pt 3 pt])m 240 fnt1 2280 12388(,)m 220 fnt2 2394 12385(XStep)m 240 fnt1 3050 12388(is)m 3267(set)s 3600(to)s 3846(the)s 4201(ninth)s 4757(item,)s 5295(here)s 220 fnt2 5769 12385(2 pt)m 240 fnt1 6131 12388(,)m 220 fnt2 6246 12385(YStep)m 240 fnt1 6902 12388(is)m 7119(set)s 7451(to)s 7697(the)s 8052(tenth)s 8595(item,)s 0 12100(here)m 220 fnt2 465 12097(3 pt)m 240 fnt1 827 12100(,)m 932(and)s 220 fnt2 1334 12097(P)m 8(aintProc)k 240 fnt1 2329 12100(is)m 2537(set)s 2859(to)s 3096(the)s 3442(ele)s 6(v)k 3(enth)k 4298(and)s 4700(last)s 5089(item,)s 5617(which)s 6257(should)s 6952(be)s 7232(an)s 7513(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecutable)k 8582(array)s 0 11812(as)m 257(sho)s 6(wn.)k 1049(All)s 1417(non-zero)s 2328(lengths)s 3077(must)s 3610(be)s 3900(in)s 4151(absolute)s 5012(units,)s 5591(that)s 6017(is,)s 6291(follo)s 6(wed)k 7201(by)s 220 fnt2 7502 11809(in)m 240 fnt1 7658 11812(,)m 220 fnt2 7773 11809(cm)m 240 fnt1 8052 11812(,)m 220 fnt2 8167 11809(pt)m 240 fnt1 8346 11812(,)m 8461(or)s 220 fnt2 8728 11809(em)m 240 fnt1 9019 11812(,)m 0 11524(otherwise)m 985(the)s 1333(results)s 2007(will)s 2433(be)s 2715(unpredictable.)s 220 fnt2 480 11147(LoutSetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 2039 11150(installs)m 2805(the)s 3192(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3811(te)s 3(xture)k 4566(into)s 5031(the)s 5418(graphics)s 6318(state,)s 6901(preserving)s 8002(the)s 8390(current)s 0 10862(colour)m 13(.)k 819(Y)s 26(ou)k 1318(must)s 1900(use)s 220 fnt2 2332 10859(LoutSetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 3909 10862(and)m 4370(you)s 4842(must)s 5424(not)s 5847(use)s 220 fnt2 6279 10859(setcolorspace)m 240 fnt1 7625 10862(,)m 220 fnt2 7789 10859(setcolor)m 240 fnt1 8557 10862(,)m 8722(and)s 220 fnt2 0 10571(setpatter)m -5(n)k 240 fnt1 967 10574(,)m 1069(because)s 1877(Lout)s 2383(considers)s 3332(colour)s 3998(and)s 4396(te)s 3(xture)k 5107(to)s 5341(be)s 5617(independent)s 6842(of)s 7108(each)s 7597(other)s 9(,)k 8181(and)s 8579(these)s 0 10286(PostScript)m 1042(commands)s 2130(don')s 4(t.)k 480 9912(Another)m 1316(adv)s 6(antage)k 2328(of)s 220 fnt2 2591 9909(LoutMak)m 4(eT)k 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 4307 9912(and)m 220 fnt2 4703 9909(LoutSetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 6214 9912(is)m 6416(that)s 6826(the)s 3(y)k 7281(beha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8000(sensibly)s 8829(on)s 0 9624(Le)m 6(v)k 3(el)k 589(1)s 743(PostScript)s 1784(interpreters,)s 2976(which)s 3616(do)s 3908(not)s 4273(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4773(patterns.)s 5691(Rather)s 6387(than)s 6855(f)s 2(ailing)k 7528(altogether)s 9(,)k 8579(these)s 0 9336(commands)m 1080(will)s 1497(mak)s 2(e)k 2061(sure)s 2506(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 3564(appears)s 4337(in)s 4571(solid)s 5086(colour)s 13(.)k 5839(Be)s 6152(a)s 3(w)k 2(are,)k 6816(though,)s 7580(that)s 7989(interpreters)s 0 9048(e)m 3(xist)k 508(\(e.g)s 220 fnt2 926 9045(gv)m 240 fnt1 1217 9048(ca.)m 1533(1997\))s 2141(which)s 2783(appear)s 3480(to)s 3719(be)s 4001(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 4591(2)s 4765(b)s 4(ut)k 5127(actually)s 5937(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6490(te)s 3(xtured)k 7328(areas)s 7869(blank.)s 480 8674(F)m 3(or)k 869(information)s 2054(on)s 2351(ho)s 6(w)k 2812(these)s 3359(symbols)s 4208(are)s 4555(implemented,)s 5910(consult)s 6661(Appendix)s 7661(A.)s 240 fnt5 0 7881(3.11.)m 591(@Outline)s [ /Dest /LOUToutline /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 7449(The)m 220 fnt2 895 7446(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 1850 7449(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_outl_1 /DEST pdfmark 2597(causes)s 3258(all)s 3537(the)s 3872(w)s 2(ords)k 4492(in)s 4722(the)s 5056(right)s 5553(parameter)s 6554(\(which)s 7261(may)s 7714(be)s 7982(an)s 8251(arbitrary)s 0 7161(object\))m 712(to)s 951(be)s 1233(printed)s 1968(in)s 2211(outline,)s 2982(rather)s 3598(than)s 4067(\207lled)s 4616(as)s 4866(is)s 5076(usual.)s 5745(F)s 3(or)k 6134(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 6660(@Outline @Bo)m 6(x 24p @F)k 6(ont HELP)k 240 fnt1 0 6164(produces)m 1336 461 72 180 240 288 60 480 5363 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore 480 fnt1 72 72(HELP)mo grestore 0 4912(Outlining)m 984(is)s 1209(part)s 1654(of)s 1940(the)s 2303(style)s 2824(information,)s 4074(in)s 4332(the)s 4694(same)s 5256(w)s 2(ay)k 5721(as)s 5986(colour)s 9(,)k 6710(font,)s 7216(underlining,)s 8441(and)s 8860(so)s 0 4624(forth.)m 630(Outlining)s 1602(can)s 1994(be)s 2278(applied)s 3042(to)s 3284(an)s 3(y)k 3683(font)s 4131(lik)s 2(ely)k 4729(to)s 4970(be)s 5255(used)s 5754(in)s 6000(practice.)s 6921(At)s 7222(the)s 7573(time)s 8055(of)s 8329(writing,)s 0 4336(there)m 528(is)s 732(no)s 1020(w)s 2(ay)k 1465(to)s 1699(control)s 2425(the)s 2768(thickness)s 3703(of)s 3969(the)s 4311(outline,)s 5077(and)s 220 fnt2 5475 4333(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 6439 4336(has)m 6803(no)s 7091(ef)s 6(fect)k 7681(in)s 7919(PDF)s 8410(output.)s 0 4048(The)m 424(size)s 847(of)s 1114(outlined)s 1952(w)s 2(ords)k 2582(is)s 2788(tak)s 2(en)k 3357(by)s 3647(Lout)s 4155(to)s 4390(be)s 4668(the)s 5012(same)s 5555(as)s 5801(if)s 6014(the)s 3(y)k 6473(had)s 6873(not)s 7235(been)s 7740(outlined,)s 8626(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 0 3760(though)m 723(the)s 3(y)k 1186(are)s 1533(in)s 1776(reality)s 2439(slightly)s 3210(lar)s 4(ger)k 13(.)k 240 fnt5 0 2967(3.12.)m 591(@Language)s 1882(and)s 2323(@CurrLang)s [ /Dest /LOUTlanguage /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 2490(The)m 220 fnt2 905 2487(@Language)m 240 fnt1 2153 2490(symbol)m 2910(informs)s 3701(Lout)s 4210(that)s 4625(its)s 4898(right)s 5406(parameter)s 6417(is)s 6624(written)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_1 /DEST pdfmark 7354(in)s 7594(the)s 7939(language)s 8855(of)s 0 2202(its)m 276(left)s 653(parameter:)s 220 fnt2 480 1701(Danish @Language { ...)m 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 1202(Basser)m 706(Lout)s 1228(V)s 26(ersion)k 2025(3)s 2199(uses)s 2671(this)s 3077(information)s 4271(in)s 4524(tw)s 2(o)k 4943(w)s 2(ays:)k 5609(to)s 5857(h)s 1(yphenate)k 6906(w)s 2(ords)k 7549(appropriately)s 8887(to)s 0 914(that)m 418(language,)s 1389(and)s 1793(to)s 2032(change)s 2766(the)s 3114(v)s 6(alue)k 3682(of)s 3953(the)s 220 fnt2 4301 911(@CurrLang)m 240 fnt1 5486 914(symbol)m 6246(\(see)s 6686(belo)s 6(w\).)k 7508(Other)s 8112(uses,)s 8630(such)s 0 626(as)m 250(right-to-left)s 1422(formatting)s 2483(of)s 2754(certain)s 3460(languages,)s 4524(may)s 4990(be)s 5272(added)s 5902(in)s 6145(the)s 6493(future.)s 480 252(The)m 953(left)s 1375(parameter)s 2434(must)s 3004(either)s 3652(be)s 3979(empty)s 4676(\(which)s 5442(means)s 6149(to)s 6433(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7031(the)s 7424(current)s 8206(language)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 52 58 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(52)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(unchanged\))m 1167(or)s 1428(else)s 1857(it)s 2051(must)s 2578(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3080(been)s 3591(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4173(in)s 4418(a)s 220 fnt2 4586 13202(langdef)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 5363 13205(language)m 6285(de\207nition)s 7261(at)s 7495(the)s 7845(be)s 3(ginning)k 8855(of)s 0 12917(the)m 348(input:)s 220 fnt2 480 12409(langdef Danish Dansk {)m 240 fnt6 2993 12414(implementation-dependent)m 220 fnt2 5608 12409(})m 240 fnt1 0 11910(After)m 220 fnt2 571 11907(langdef)m 240 fnt1 1355 11910(comes)m 2025(a)s 2199(sequence)s 3140(of)s 3419(one)s 3829(or)s 4096(more)s 4651(simple)s 5352(w)s 2(ords,)k 6050(which)s 6700(are)s 7055(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8117(names)s 8788(for)s 0 11622(the)m 347(language)s 1265(being)s 1849(de\207ned.)s 2716(F)s 3(ollo)k 6(wing)k 3743(them)s 4279(comes)s 4940(an)s 5221(implementation-dependent)s 7843(part)s 8272(between)s 0 11334(braces.)m 760(In)s 1001(Basser)s 1684(Lout)s 2181(V)s 26(ersion)k 2955(3)s 3104(this)s 3486(part)s 3902(contains)s 4736(the)s 5069(name)s 5629(of)s 5885(the)s 6219(Lout)s 6716(h)s 1(yphenation)k 7941(information)s 0 11046(\207le)m 383(\(minus)s 1121(its)s 1419(.lh)s 1745(suf\207x\))s 2441(to)s 2702(be)s 3007(used)s 3527(when)s 4125(h)s 1(yphenating)k 5384(w)s 2(ords)k 6040(in)s 6306(this)s 6725(language,)s 7718(follo)s 6(wed)k 8643(by)s 8960(a)s 0 10758(sequence)m 933(of)s 1204(w)s 2(ords)k 1838(which)s 2480(de\207ne)s 3121(the)s 3469(ends)s 3959(of)s 4230(sentences.)s 5310(F)s 3(or)k 5699(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt2 480 10258(langdef English { english .)m 13( :)k 11( ? ! .\) ?\) !\) })k 240 fnt1 0 9759(de\207nes)m 748(a)s 934(language)s 1874(called)s 2522(English)s 3329(with)s 3831(h)s 1(yphenation)k 5091(patterns)s 5918(\207le)s 220 fnt2 6298 9756(english.lh)m 240 fnt1 7289 9759(and)m 7713(se)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8326(w)s 2(ays)k 8887(to)s 0 9471(end)m 424(a)s 610(sentence.)s 1617(The)s 2065(use)s 2460(of)s 2751(these)s 3318(sentence)s 4217(endings)s 5034(is)s 5264(described)s 6258(in)s 6521(Section)s 7315(3.5.)s 7799(If)s 8049(there)s 8602(is)s 8833(no)s 0 9183(h)m 1(yphenation)k 1236(\207le)s 1592(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k 2546(this)s 2937(is)s 3143(indicated)s 4072(by)s 4361(writing)s 220 fnt2 5099 9180(-)m 240 fnt1 5219 9183(for)m 5552(the)s 5895(\207le)s 6251(name;)s 6877(if)s 7089(there)s 7617(are)s 7959(no)s 8247(sentence)s 0 8895(ends,)m 546(the)s 3(y)k 1009(are)s 1356(simply)s 2061(omitted.)s 480 8521(The)m 220 fnt2 913 8518(@CurrLang)m 240 fnt1 2103 8521(symbol,)m 2920(which)s 3567(has)s 3942(no)s 4240(parameters,)s 5399(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 6332(to)s 6576(the)s 6929(\207rst)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_3 /DEST pdfmark 7365(name)s 7944(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8529(in)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 8230(langdef)m 240 fnt1 776 8233(of)m 1047(the)s 1395(language)s 2315(in)s 2558(force)s 3104(at)s 3336(the)s 3684(point)s 4236(where)s 4876(it)s 5068(is)s 5278(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed:)k 220 fnt2 480 7732(Dansk @Language { )m 11(This is @CurrLang.)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 7233(has)m 370(result)s 480 6780(This)m 956(is)s 1166(Danish.)s 0 6327(It)m 205(is)s 415(typically)s 1305(used)s 1802(with)s 2284(the)s 220 fnt2 2632 6324(@Case)m 240 fnt1 3419 6327(symbol)m 4179(lik)s 2(e)k 4591(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 5826(@CurrLang @Case {)m 480 5538( Danish @Y)m 4(ield tirsdag)k 480 5250( English @Y)m 4(ield )k 11(T)k 26(uesda)k 6(y)k 480 4962( F)m 9(rench @Y)k 4(ield Mardi)k 480 4674(})m 240 fnt1 0 4180(This)m 476(e)s 3(xample)k 1339(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 2267(to)s 2506(the)s 2854(name)s 3428(of)s 3699(the)s 4047(third)s 4556(day)s 4956(of)s 5227(the)s 5575(week)s 6141(in)s 6384(the)s 6732(current)s 7468(language.)s 480 3806(The)m 908(current)s 1644(language)s 2563(is)s 2773(part)s 3204(of)s 3474(the)s 3822(style)s 4329(of)s 4599(an)s 4882(object,)s 5573(lik)s 2(e)k 5984(its)s 6260(font.)s 6809(As)s 7125(e)s 3(xplained)k 8110(in)s 8352(Section)s 0 3518(2.6,)m 419(style)s 939(is)s 1162(inherited)s 2081(through)s 2896(the)s 3257(point)s 3822(of)s 4105(appearance,)s 5300(which)s 5955(for)s 6305(language)s 7238(can)s 7640(be)s 7935(une)s 3(xpected.)k 0 3230(F)m 3(or)k 380(e)s 3(xample,)k 1284(an)s 1557(inde)s 3(x)k 2131(entry)s 2666(which)s 3298(originates)s 4281(in)s 4514(a)s 4671(French)s 5382(chapter)s 6135(b)s 4(ut)k 6487(appears)s 7258(in)s 7491(an)s 7764(English)s 8542(inde)s 3(x)k 0 2942(will)m 426(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 927(English)s 1715(for)s 2053(its)s 2329(language,)s 3300(so)s 3566(must)s 4091(be)s 4373(e)s 3(xplicitly)k 5326(set)s 5651(to)s 5890(French)s 6611(using)s 220 fnt2 7183 2939(@Language)m 240 fnt1 8374 2942(.)m 240 fnt5 0 2149(3.13.)m 591(@OneCol)s 1653(and)s 2094(@OneRo)s 2(w)k [ /Dest /LOUTonerow /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 1717(The)m 220 fnt2 913 1714(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 2049 1717(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_2 /DEST pdfmark 2814(returns)s 3533(its)s 3814(right)s 4330(parameter)s 5350(modi\207ed)s 6264(so)s 6535(that)s 6958(only)s 7443(the)s 7796(principal)s 8706(ro)s 6(w)k 0 1429(mark)m 540(protrudes.)s 1595(This)s 2059(is)s 2257(normally)s 3162(the)s 3498(\207rst)s 3917(ro)s 6(w)k 4324(mark,)s 4910(b)s 4(ut)k 5260(another)s 6025(one)s 6415(may)s 6869(be)s 7139(chosen)s 7849(by)s 8130(preceding)s 0 1141(it)m 192(with)s 220 fnt2 674 1138(^/)m 240 fnt1 901 1141(or)m 220 fnt2 1160 1138(^//)m 240 fnt1 1388 1141(.)m 1552(F)s 3(or)k 1941(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 640(@OneRo)m 3(w { |0.5r)k -8(t Slope @F)k 6(ont x + 2 ^//1p @HLine //1p |0.5r)k -8(t 5 })k 240 fnt1 0 144(has)m 370(result)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 53 59 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.13.)m 1991(@OneCol)s 3016(and)s 3442(@OneRow)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(53)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13412 0 13412 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 468 371 0 188 240 288 60 480 12753 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 468 371 0 188 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 468 371 0 188 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 240 fnt6 0 211(x)m 240 fnt1 166 209(+)m 354(2)s 468 0 0 0 240 288 60 0 188 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore 181 3(5)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 12037(with)m 482(one)s 884(ro)s 6(w)k 1304(mark)s 1856(protruding)s 2919(from)s 3443(the)s 3791(bar)s 4156(as)s 4406(sho)s 6(wn.)k 5190(Compare)s 6123(this)s 6519(with)s 220 fnt2 480 11536(@OneRo)m 3(w { |0.5r)k -8(t Slope @F)k 6(ont x + 2 //1p @HLine //1p |0.5r)k -8(t 5 })k 240 fnt1 0 11040(where)m 640(the)s 988(mark)s 1540(protrudes)s 2494(from)s 3018(the)s 3366(numerator:)s 468 371 0 263 240 288 60 480 10061 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 468 371 0 263 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 468 371 0 263 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 240 fnt6 0 211(x)m 240 fnt1 166 209(+)m 354(2)s 468 0 0 0 240 288 60 0 188 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke grestore grestore 181 3(5)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 0 9607(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 1016 9610(has)m 1391(the)s 1744(same)s 2296(ef)s 6(fect)k 2897(on)s 3198(columns)s 4065(as)s 220 fnt2 4320 9607(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 5456 9610(does)m 5951(on)s 6252(ro)s 6(ws,)k 6823(with)s 7310(the)s 7663(symbols)s 220 fnt2 8517 9607(^|)m 240 fnt1 8722 9610(and)m 220 fnt2 0 9319(^||)m 240 fnt1 257 9322(\(or)m 220 fnt2 595 9319(^&)m 240 fnt1 840 9322(\))m 968(determining)s 2176(which)s 2818(mark)s 3370(is)s 3580(chosen.)s 240 fnt5 0 8529(3.14.)m 591(@W)s 4(ide)k 1411(and)s 1852(@High)s [ /Dest /LOUTwide /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8052(The)m 220 fnt2 910 8049(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 1687 8052(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_wide_1 /DEST pdfmark 2450(returns)s 3167(its)s 3446(right)s 3960(parameter)s 4977(modi\207ed)s 5888(to)s 6130(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6634(the)s 6985(width)s 7590(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8173(by)s 8470(its)s 8749(left)s 0 7764(parameter)m 9(,)k 1058(which)s 1707(must)s 2238(be)s 2527(a)s 2699(length)s 3361(\(Section)s 4220(3.2\))s 4655(whose)s 5329(unit)s 5768(of)s 6045(measurement)s 7386(is)s 220 fnt2 7602 7761(c)m 240 fnt1 7707 7764(,)m 220 fnt2 7821 7761(i)m 240 fnt1 7855 7764(,)m 220 fnt2 7968 7761(p)m 240 fnt1 8082 7764(,)m 220 fnt2 8196 7761(m)m 240 fnt1 8365 7764(,)m 220 fnt2 8478 7761(f)m 240 fnt1 8536 7764(,)m 220 fnt2 8650 7761(s)m 240 fnt1 8753 7764(,)m 8867(or)s 220 fnt2 0 7473(v)m 240 fnt1 109 7476(.)m 278(If)s 513(the)s 867(right)s 1383(parameter)s 2403(is)s 2618(not)s 2990(as)s 3245(wide)s 3772(as)s 4027(required,)s 4936(white)s 5528(space)s 6121(is)s 6336(added)s 6972(at)s 7209(the)s 7563(right;)s 8131(if)s 8354(it)s 8551(is)s 8767(too)s 0 7188(wide,)m 585(its)s 875(paragraphs)s 1988(are)s 2349(brok)s 2(en)k 3083(\(Section)s 3949(3.4\))s 4391(so)s 4670(that)s 5102(it)s 5308(\207ts.)s 5777(A)s 220 fnt2 6021 7185(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 7046 7188(operation)m 8020(is)s 8244(included)s 0 6900(in)m 257(the)s 620(ef)s 6(fect)k 1231(of)s 220 fnt2 1517 6897(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 2231 6900(,)m 2353(since)s 2915(it)s 3122(does)s 3627(not)s 4008(mak)s 2(e)k 4595(sense)s 5184(for)s 5537(an)s 5835(object)s 6494(of)s 6780(\207x)s 3(ed)k 7329(width)s 7946(to)s 8200(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 6612(column)m 775(marks.)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_wide_2 /DEST pdfmark 552 6238(The)m 220 fnt2 993 6235(@High)m 240 fnt1 1725 6238(symbol)m 2498(similarly)s 3413(ensures)s 4194(that)s 4625(its)s 4914(result)s 5517(is)s 5740(of)s 6024(a)s 6203(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 6796(height,)s 7514(by)s 7821(adding)s 8539(white)s 0 5950(space)m 573(at)s 790(the)s 1123(bottom.)s 1950(In)s 2191(this)s 2572(case)s 3024(it)s 3201(is)s 3396(an)s 3664(error)s 4172(for)s 4495(the)s 4828(right)s 5324(parameter)s 6323(to)s 6547(be)s 6814(too)s 7158(lar)s 4(ge.)k 7780(A)s 220 fnt2 7995 5947(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 0 5662(operation)m 960(is)s 1170(included.)s 240 fnt5 0 4869(3.15.)m 591(@HShift)s 1550(and)s 1991(@VShift)s [ /Dest /LOUThshift /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 4437(The)m 220 fnt2 917 4434(@HShift)m 240 fnt1 1802 4437(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hshi_1 /DEST pdfmark 2572(returns)s 3296(its)s 3582(right)s 4103(parameter)s 5127(with)s 5619(principal)s 6533(mark)s 7095(shifted)s 7813(as)s 8073(prescribed)s 0 4149(by)m 294(its)s 570(left)s 947(parameter:)s 220 fnt2 1124 3641(+)m 240 fnt6 1244 3646(length)m 220 fnt2 1897 3641(@HShift)m 240 fnt6 2772 3646(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 3644(Principal)m 4517(mark)s 5069(shifted)s 5777(to)s 6016(the)s 6364(right)s 6875(by)s 240 fnt6 7169 3646(length)m 240 fnt1 7762 3644(;)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_hshi_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1180 3136(-)m 240 fnt6 1244 3141(length)m 220 fnt2 1897 3136(@HShift)m 240 fnt6 2772 3141(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 3139(Principal)m 4517(mark)s 5069(shifted)s 5777(to)s 6016(the)s 6364(left)s 6741(by)s 240 fnt6 7035 3141(length)m 240 fnt1 7628 3139(;)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_hshi_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 1244 2636(length)m 220 fnt2 1897 2631(@HShift)m 240 fnt6 2772 2636(object)m 240 fnt1 3600 2634(Principal)m 4512(mark)s 5058(shifted)s 5760(so)s 6020(as)s 6264(to)s 6497(lie)s 240 fnt6 6786 2636(length)m 240 fnt1 7433 2634(to)m 7666(the)s 8008(right)s 8513(of)s 8778(the)s 3600 2346(left)m 3977(edge)s 4485(of)s 240 fnt6 4756 2348(object)m 240 fnt1 5344 2346(;)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_hshi_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 1843(In)m 256(each)s 751(chase)s 220 fnt2 1338 1840(@HShift)m 240 fnt1 2213 1843(includes)m 3061(a)s 220 fnt2 3227 1840(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 4239 1843(ef)m 6(fect.)k 480 1469(The)m 916(units)s 1440(of)s 1720(measurement)s 3062(of)s 240 fnt6 3342 1471(length)m 240 fnt1 4003 1469(may)m 4478(be)s 220 fnt2 4768 1466(c)m 240 fnt1 4873 1469(,)m 220 fnt2 4989 1466(i)m 240 fnt1 5023 1469(,)m 220 fnt2 5138 1466(p)m 240 fnt1 5252 1469(,)m 220 fnt2 5368 1466(m)m 240 fnt1 5537 1469(,)m 220 fnt2 5652 1466(f)m 240 fnt1 5710 1469(,)m 220 fnt2 5825 1466(s)m 240 fnt1 5928 1469(,)m 220 fnt2 6044 1466(v)m 240 fnt1 6153 1469(,)m 6268(or)s 220 fnt2 6536 1466(w)m 240 fnt1 6692 1469(.)m 6864(In)s 7129(the)s 7485(latter)s 8043(case,)s 220 fnt2 8569 1466(1w)m 240 fnt1 8916 1469(is)m 0 1181(tak)m 2(en)k 579(to)s 825(be)s 1113(the)s 1468(width)s 2076(of)s 2354(the)s 2708(right)s 3226(parameter)s 9(,)k 4285(so)s 4557(that,)s 5029(for)s 5373(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 6294 1178(0.5w @HShift)m 240 fnt1 7699 1181(will)m 8132(centre)s 8778(the)s 0 893(principal)m 904(column)s 1679(mark)s 2231(within)s 2899(the)s 3247(right)s 3758(parameter)s 13(.)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hshi_2 /DEST pdfmark 548 519(The)m 220 fnt2 984 516(@VShift)m 240 fnt1 1855 519(symbol)m 2624(is)s 2842(similar)s 3572(e)s 3(xcept)k 4261(that)s 4688(it)s 4888(applies)s 5624(v)s 3(ertically)k 6584(to)s 6832(the)s 7188(principal)s 8100(ro)s 6(w)k 8529(mark:)s 220 fnt2 0 228(+)m 240 fnt6 120 233(length)m 240 fnt1 771 231(shifts)m 1337(it)s 1527(do)s 6(wn,)k 220 fnt2 2159 228(-)m 240 fnt6 2223 233(length)m 240 fnt1 2874 231(shifts)m 3440(it)s 3629(up,)s 3974(and)s 240 fnt6 4376 233(length)m 240 fnt1 5027 231(shifts)m 5593(it)s 5783(to)s 240 fnt6 6019 233(length)m 240 fnt1 6670 231(belo)m 6(w)k 7301(the)s 7647(top)s 8004(edge)s 8510(of)s 8778(the)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 54 60 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(54)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(object.)m 748(W)s 9(ith)k 220 fnt2 1274 13202(@VShift)m 240 fnt1 2077 13205(,)m 220 fnt2 2184 13202(1w)m 240 fnt1 2522 13205(is)m 2732(tak)s 2(en)k 3305(to)s 3544(be)s 3826(the)s 4174(height)s 4832(of)s 5103(the)s 5451(right)s 5962(parameter)s 13(.)k 240 fnt5 0 12412(3.16.)m 591(@HExpand)s 1854(and)s 2295(@VExpand)s [ /Dest /LOUThexpand /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 558 11935(The)m 220 fnt2 1004 11932(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 2195 11935(symbol)m 2973(causes)s 3666(its)s 3961(right)s 4490(parameter)s 5522(to)s 5779(be)s 6079(as)s 6348(wide)s 6887(as)s 7155(it)s 7365(possibly)s 8235(could)s 8844(be)s 0 11647(without)m 784(violating)s 1679(a)s 220 fnt2 1837 11644(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 2603 11647(symbol)m 3355(or)s 3606(intruding)s 4528(into)s 4945(the)s 5285(space)s 5864(occupied)s 6778(by)s 7064(neighbouring)s 8386(g)s 1(aps)k 8867(or)s 0 11359(objects.)m 841(The)s 220 fnt2 1269 11356(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 2430 11359(symbol)m 3190(is)s 3400(similar)s 9(,)k 4160(b)s 4(ut)k 4522(it)s 4714(af)s 6(fects)k 5394(height.)s 6156(F)s 3(or)k 6545(e)s 3(xample,)k 7459(in)s 7702(the)s 8050(object)s 220 fnt2 480 10858(8i @Wide 11i @High {)m 480 10570( //1i ||1i @HExpand @VExpand x ||1i)m 480 10282( //1i)m 480 9994(})m 240 fnt1 0 9500(object)m 220 fnt2 655 9497(x)m 240 fnt1 834 9500(could)m 1435(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1947(an)s 3(y)k 2356(size)s 2794(up)s 3098(to)s 3348(six)s 3694(inches)s 4367(wide)s 4899(by)s 5204(nine)s 5683(inches)s 6357(high,)s 6901(so)s 7178(the)s 220 fnt2 7537 9497(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 8722 9500(and)m 220 fnt2 0 9209(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 1166 9212(symbols)m 2021(cause)s 2614(it)s 2812(to)s 3056(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3563(e)s 3(xactly)k 4310(this)s 4712(size.)s 5252(This)s 5734(is)s 5950(important,)s 6992(for)s 7335(e)s 3(xample,)k 8255(if)s 220 fnt2 8478 9209(x)m 240 fnt1 8652 9212(con-)m 0 8924(tains)m 220 fnt2 502 8921(|1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 879 8924(or)m 220 fnt2 1138 8921(/1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1459 8924(;)m 1571(without)s 2362(the)s 2710(e)s 3(xpansion)k 3735(these)s 4282(might)s 4900(not)s 5266(mo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 5848(as)s 6098(f)s 2(ar)k 6420(across)s 7068(or)s 7327(do)s 6(wn)k 7911(as)s 8161(e)s 3(xpected.)k 480 8550(As)m 809(Section)s 1595(2.6)s 1961(e)s 3(xplains)k 2818(in)s 3074(detail,)s 3723(most)s 4260(objects)s 5001(are)s 5360(already)s 6130(as)s 6392(lar)s 4(ge)k 6933(as)s 7196(the)s 3(y)k 7671(possibly)s 8536(could)s 0 8262(be.)m 379(Consequently)s 1738(these)s 2273(symbols)s 3110(are)s 3446(needed)s 4170(only)s 4638(rarely)s 15(.)k 220 fnt2 5331 8259(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 6493 8262(includes)m 7329(a)s 220 fnt2 7483 8259(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 8483 8262(ef)m 6(fect,)k 0 7974(and)m 220 fnt2 404 7971(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 1565 7974(includes)m 2413(a)s 220 fnt2 2579 7971(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 3710 7974(ef)m 6(fect.)k 240 fnt5 0 7185(3.17.)m 591(@HContract)s 1976(and)s 2417(@VContract)s [ /Dest /LOUThcontract /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 542 6753(The)m 220 fnt2 972 6750(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 2239 6753(symbol)m 3001(reduces)s 3784(the)s 4135(size)s 4564(of)s 4837(its)s 5116(right)s 5629(parameter)s 6645(to)s 6887(a)s 7055(reasonable)s 8136(minimum)s 0 6465(\(after)m 575(paragraph)s 1588(breaking\).)s 2668(F)s 3(or)k 3057(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 5964(5i @Wide @HContr)m 2(act { A |1r)k -8(t B })k 240 fnt1 0 5470(has)m 370(result)s 480 5019(A)m 650(B)s 0 4568(in)m 233(which)s 864(the)s 1201(B)s 1393(is)s 1592(much)s 2170(closer)s 2789(to)s 3017(the)s 3354(A)s 3574(than)s 4032(it)s 4213(w)s 2(ould)k 4857(otherwise)s 5831(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6321(been.)s 220 fnt2 6926 4565(@VContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 8167 4568(is)m 8366(similar)s 9(,)k 0 4280(b)m 4(ut)k 362(in)s 605(a)s 771(v)s 3(ertical)k 1538(direction.)s 2551(See)s 2952(Section)s 3726(2.6)s 4079(for)s 4417(a)s 4583(more)s 5130(e)s 3(xtensi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k 6077(discussion.)s 240 fnt5 0 3536(3.18.)m 591(@HLimited)s 1864(and)s 2305(@VLimited)s [ /Dest /LOUThlimited /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hlim_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hlim_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 579 3104(The)m 220 fnt2 1047 3101(@HLimited)m 240 fnt1 2221 3104(symbol)m 3021(limits)s 3654(the)s 4042(width)s 4684(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5631(to)s 5910(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6871(and)s 7315(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8277(symbols)s 0 2816(within)m 692(its)s 993(right)s 1529(parameter)s 2567(to)s 2831(whate)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 3783(is)s 4018(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 4950(without)s 5766(increasing)s 6826(the)s 7198(e)s 3(xisting)k 8030(size)s 8482(of)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 2525(@HLimited)m 240 fnt1 1138 2528(object.)m 1890(So)s 2199(this)s 2599(symbol)s 3362(acts)s 3788(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 4204 2525(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 4981 2528(with)m 5467(respect)s 6206(to)s 6449(limiting)s 7261(the)s 7613(space)s 8204(occupied)s 0 2240(by)m 315(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1258(and)s 1684(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2627(symbols,)s 3553(e)s 3(xcept)k 4256(that)s 4695(instead)s 5451(of)s 5744(enforcing)s 6734(a)s 6921(\207x)s 3(ed)k 7477(constant)s 8355(limit,)s 8934(it)s 0 1952(enforces)m 860(whate)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 1787(size)s 2214(is)s 2424(already)s 3181(in)s 3424(place.)s 480 1578(The)m 220 fnt2 904 1575(@VLimited)m 240 fnt1 2023 1578(symbol)m 2778(is)s 2984(e)s 3(xactly)k 3721(the)s 4064(same,)s 4658(e)s 3(xcept)k 5335(that)s 5748(it)s 5936(applies)s 6660(v)s 3(ertically)k 7607(rather)s 8219(than)s 8683(hor)s 4(-)k 0 1290(izontally)m 15(.)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 55 61 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.19.)m 1991(@HAdjust,)s 3088(@V)s 14(Adjust,)k 4144(and)s 4570(@P)s 21(Adjust)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(55)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt5 0 13203(3.19.)m 591(@HAdjust,)s 1804(@V)s 32(Adjust,)k 2972(and)s 3413(@P)s 17(Adjust)k [ /Dest /LOUThadjust /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_3 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 551 12727(These)m 1189(symbols)s 2050(spread)s 2743(their)s 3252(right)s 3774(parameter)s 4800(apart)s 5348(until)s 5852(it)s 6056(occupies)s 6955(all)s 7260(the)s 7619(space)s 8218(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 0 12439(to)m 268(it;)s 220 fnt2 602 12436(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt1 1678 12439(adjusts)m 220 fnt2 2422 12436(|)m 240 fnt1 2549 12439(sequences,)m 220 fnt2 3656 12436(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 4702 12439(adjusts)m 220 fnt2 5447 12436(/)m 240 fnt1 5601 12439(sequences,)m 6707(and)s 220 fnt2 7141 12436(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 8179 12439(adjusts)m 220 fnt2 8924 12436(&)m 240 fnt1 0 12151(sequences.)m 1134(F)s 3(or)k 1523(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 11650(4i @Wide @P)m 26(Adjust { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 })k 240 fnt1 0 11153(has)m 370(result)s 480 10698(1)m 1274(2)s 2088(3)s 2892(4)s 3706(5)s 4512(6)s 5325(7)s 6133(8)s 0 10244(More)m 571(precisely)s 15(,)k 1521(the)s 1865(widening)s 2806(is)s 3012(ef)s 6(fected)k 3828(by)s 4119(enlar)s 4(ging)k 5067(the)s 5411(size)s 5835(of)s 6102(each)s 6593(component)s 7714(e)s 3(xcept)k 8391(the)s 8735(last)s 0 9956(by)m 284(an)s 556(equal)s 1118(fraction)s 1907(of)s 2167(the)s 2504(space)s 3080(that)s 3488(w)s 2(ould)k 4132(otherwise)s 5106(be)s 5377(left)s 5744(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 6212(\211)s 6381(just)s 6775(the)s 7113(opposite)s 7969(of)s 8229(the)s 8566(usual)s 0 9668(procedure,)m 1063(which)s 1705(assigns)s 2447(all)s 2740(the)s 3088(lefto)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 3884(space)s 4471(to)s 4710(the)s 5058(last)s 5449(component)s 6573(\(Section)s 7426(2.6\).)s 220 fnt2 480 9291(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 1497 9294(is)m 1716(used)s 2222(by)s 2525(the)s 220 fnt2 2883 9291(adjust)m 240 fnt1 3533 9294(and)m 220 fnt2 3946 9291(outdent)m 240 fnt1 4743 9294(options)m 5508(of)s 5789(the)s 220 fnt2 6146 9291(@Break)m 240 fnt1 7011 9294(symbol)m 7780(\(Section)s 8643(3.4\).)s 0 9006(It)m 213(has)s 591(a)s 765(slight)s 1364(peculiarity:)s 2559(it)s 2759(will)s 3193(not)s 3567(enlar)s 4(ge)k 4330(components)s 5546(when)s 6130(the)s 6486(immediately)s 7742(follo)s 6(wing)k 8728(g)s 1(ap)k 0 8718(has)m 398(width)s 1029(0.)s 1342(This)s 1847(is)s 2086(to)s 2354(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 3151(space)s 3767(from)s 4320(appearing)s 5345(\(for)s 5791(e)s 3(xample\))k 6755(between)s 7638(a)s 7833(w)s 2(ord)k 8410(and)s 8843(an)s 0 8430(immediately)m 1248(follo)s 6(wing)k 2225(comma.)s 3093(The)s 3521(other)s 4072(tw)s 2(o)k 4482(symbols)s 5331(will)s 5757(enlar)s 4(ge)k 6512(such)s 7008(components.)s 240 fnt5 0 7637(3.20.)m 591(@HScale)s 1587(and)s 2028(@VScale)s [ /Dest /LOUThscale /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 538 7202(@HScale)m 240 fnt1 1516 7205(causes)m 2189(its)s 2462(right)s 2970(parameter)s 3982(to)s 4218(e)s 3(xpand)k 4962(to)s 5199(\207ll)s 5516(the)s 5861(space)s 6446(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k 7402(by)s 7693(geometricallly)s 0 6917(scaling)m 730(it:)s 220 fnt2 480 6416(4i @Wide @HScale { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 })m 240 fnt1 0 5922(has)m 370(result)s gsave 480 0 translate 4.4965 1.0000 scale 0 5467(1)m 155(2)s 329(3)s 493(4)s 667(5)s 833(6)s 1006(7)s 1174(8)s grestore 0 5013(and)m 220 fnt2 480 4562(0.5i @Wide @HScale { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 })m 240 fnt1 0 4068(has)m 370(result)s gsave 480 0 translate 0.5621 1.0000 scale 0 3613(1)m 155(2)s 329(3)s 493(4)s 667(5)s 833(6)s 1006(7)s 1174(8)s grestore 220 fnt2 0 3156(@HScale)m 240 fnt1 980 3159(\207rst)m 1409(applies)s 220 fnt2 2136 3156(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 3398 3159(to)m 3635(its)s 3910(parameter)s 9(,)k 4960(then)s 5427(horizontally)s 6635(scales)s 7254(it)s 7444(to)s 7682(the)s 8028(actual)s 8651(size.)s 0 2871(The)m 433(principal)s 1342(mark)s 1899(of)s 2175(the)s 2528(right)s 3044(parameter)s 4063(has)s 4438(no)s 4736(ef)s 6(fect)k 5337(on)s 5639(the)s 5992(result;)s 6639(the)s 6992(parameter)s 8011(is)s 8226(scaled)s 8887(to)s 0 2583(the)m 365(actual)s 1007(size)s 1451(and)s 1872(positioned)s 2944(to)s 3200(\207ll)s 3537(the)s 3902(space)s 4506(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable.)k 5539(\(T)s 19(aking)k 6347(account)s 7168(of)s 7456(alignment)s 8489(of)s 8778(the)s 0 2295(principal)m 904(mark)s 1456(only)s 1936(causes)s 2611(trouble)s 3344(in)s 3587(practice.\))s 220 fnt2 480 1918(@VScale)m 240 fnt1 1460 1921(is)m 1681(similar)s 9(,)k 2452(b)s 4(ut)k 2825(in)s 3080(a)s 3257(v)s 3(ertical)k 4035(direction.)s 220 fnt2 5059 1918(@HScale)m 240 fnt1 6051 1921(and)m 220 fnt2 6467 1918(@VScale)m 240 fnt1 7447 1921(each)m 7953(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8465(both)s 8960(a)s 220 fnt2 0 1630(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 1012 1633(and)m 1416(a)s 220 fnt2 1582 1630(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 2713 1633(ef)m 6(fect.)k 240 fnt5 0 885(3.21.)m 591(@HMirr)s 4(or)k 1784(and)s 2225(@VMirr)s 4(or)k [ /Dest /LOUThmirror /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_3 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 542 450(@HMirror)m 240 fnt1 1558 453(and)m 220 fnt2 1965 450(@VMirror)m 240 fnt1 2969 453(cause)m 3559(their)s 4059(right)s 4573(parameter)s 5590(to)s 5832(be)s 6117(re\210ected,)s 7049(either)s 7655(horizontally)s 8867(or)s 0 165(v)m 3(ertically)k 15(.)k 1047(F)s 3(or)k 1436(e)s 3(xample,)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 56 62 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(56)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(@HMirror AMB)m 2(ULANCE)k 240 fnt1 0 12752(has)m 370(result)s gsave 1992 12354 translate [-1 0 0 1 0 0] concat 0 -54(AMB)m 2(ULANCE)k grestore 0 11846(and)m 220 fnt2 480 11395(@VMirror AMB)m 2(ULANCE)k 240 fnt1 0 10940(has)m 370(result)s gsave 0 10593 translate [1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat 480 -54(AMB)m 2(ULANCE)k grestore 0 10034(The)m 419(parameters)s 1507(of)s 1768(these)s 2306(symbols)s 3145(may)s 3601(be)s 3874(arbitrary)s 4739(Lout)s 5241(objects)s 5960(as)s 6200(usual.)s 6799(Both)s 7313(symbols)s 8152(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8643(both)s 0 9746(a)m 220 fnt2 166 9743(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 1178 9746(and)m 1582(a)s 220 fnt2 1748 9743(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 2879 9746(ef)m 6(fect.)k 480 9372(In)m 733(each)s 1224(case)s 1687(the)s 2031(re\210ection)s 2987(is)s 3193(about)s 3781(the)s 4125(mark)s 4674(of)s 4941(the)s 5285(object)s 5925(\(that)s 6419(is,)s 6681(the)s 7025(re\210ected)s 7901(objects)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 9084(the)m 346(same)s 891(marks)s 1524(as)s 1772(the)s 2118(originals\),)s 3138(so)s 3402(that,)s 3865(for)s 4201(e)s 3(xample,)k 5113(when)s 5687(used)s 6182(within)s 6848(a)s 7012(line)s 7424(of)s 7693(te)s 3(xt)k 8106(the)s 8452(results)s 0 8796(are)m gsave 1859 8850 translate [-1 0 0 1 0 0] concat 0 -54(AMB)m 2(ULANCE)k grestore 1919(and)s gsave 0 8850 translate [1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat 2323 -54(AMB)m 2(ULANCE)k grestore 3895(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k 240 fnt5 0 8001(3.22.)m 591(@HCo)s 2(v)k 2(er)k 1679(and)s 2120(@VCo)s 2(v)k 2(er)k [ /Dest /LOUThcover /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_cove_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_cove_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 529 7569(The)m 220 fnt2 946 7566(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 1941 7569(symbol)m 2690(v)s 3(ertically)k 3631(scales)s 4241(its)s 4506(right)s 5006(parameter)s 6009(so)s 6264(that)s 6671(it)s 6852(co)s 3(v)k 3(ers)k 7510(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 8075(object)s 8708(that)s 0 7281(shares)m 648(its)s 924(ro)s 6(w)k 1344(mark.)s 1999(F)s 3(or)k 2388(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 6780(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er \( 45d @Rotate Hello @VCo)k 3(v)k 5(er \))k 240 fnt1 0 6284(produces)m 748 844 0 397 240 288 60 480 5100 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 748 844 0 397 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore gsave 0 397 translate 1.0000 4.1367 scale 0 -54(\()m grestore gsave 210 397 translate 45.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 0.9961 1.0000 scale 0 -54(Hello)m grestore grestore gsave 680 397 translate 1.0000 4.1367 scale 0 -54(\))m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 4649(The)m 428(ro)s 6(w)k 848(mark)s 1400(has)s 1770(been)s 2279(added)s 2909(to)s 3148(sho)s 6(w)k 3702(clearly)s 4405(where)s 5045(it)s 5237(lies.)s 5732(This)s 6208(should)s 6905(be)s 7187(compared)s 8188(with)s 220 fnt2 480 4148(@VScale \( 45d @Rotate Hello @VScale \))m 240 fnt1 0 3652(which)m 642(produces)s 748 486 0 39 240 288 60 480 2826 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 748 486 0 39 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore gsave 0 229 translate 1.0000 2.3824 scale 0 -54(\()m grestore gsave 210 39 translate 45.0000 rotate gsave 0 0 translate 0.9961 1.0000 scale 0 -54(Hello)m grestore grestore gsave 0 229 translate 1.0000 2.3824 scale 680 -54(\))m grestore grestore end end restore grestore 0 2375(Scaling)m 786(abandons)s 1759(mark)s 2328(alignment)s 3361(and)s 3782(so)s 4065(is)s 4292(able)s 4763(to)s 5018(e)s 3(xactly)k 5776(co)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 6378(the)s 6743(rest)s 7164(of)s 7452(the)s 7817(ro)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 8292(whereas)s 0 2087(co)m 3(v)k 3(ering)k 896(preserv)s 3(es)k 1859(mark)s 2424(alignment)s 3453(and)s 3869(so)s 4148(is)s 4371(obliged)s 5160(in)s 5415(general)s 6186(to)s 6438(more)s 6998(than)s 7479(co)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 8077(the)s 8438(rest)s 8855(of)s 0 1799(the)m 348(ro)s 6(w)k 15(.)k 480 1425(If)m 700(the)s 1038(parameter)s 2042(of)s 220 fnt2 2303 1422(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 3299 1425(has)m 3658(zero)s 4112(v)s 3(ertical)k 4869(size,)s 5337(this)s 5723(is)s 5923(tak)s 2(en)k 6485(to)s 6714(mean)s 7279(that)s 7687(co)s 3(v)k 3(ering)k 8561(is)s 8760(not)s 0 1137(required)m 863(after)s 1368(all)s 1670(and)s 2083(the)s 220 fnt2 2441 1134(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 3456 1137(is)m 3675(silently)s 4441(ignored.)s 5345(If)s 5585(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 6463(the)s 6820(parameter)s 7843(has)s 8223(non-zero)s 0 849(size)m 434(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 1064(the)s 1420(mark)s 1980(b)s 4(ut)k 2350(zero)s 2822(size)s 3256(belo)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 3935(or)s 4202(vice)s 4664(v)s 3(ersa,)k 5280(this)s 5684(is)s 5901(tak)s 2(en)k 6482(to)s 6729(be)s 7019(an)s 7310(error)s 7841(since)s 8396(scaling)s 0 561(cannot)m 698(mak)s 2(e)k 1270(the)s 1618(parameter)s 2632(co)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 3217(the)s 3565(rest)s 3969(of)s 4240(the)s 4588(ro)s 6(w)k 15(.)k 220 fnt2 480 184(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 1505 187(is)m 1722(similar)s 9(,)k 2489(horizontally)s 3705(co)s 3(v)k 3(ering)k 4596(all)s 4896(objects)s 5631(that)s 6056(share)s 6623(its)s 6906(column)s 7688(mark.)s 8350(Neither)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 57 63 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.22.)m 1991(@HCo)s 2(ver)k 3032(and)s 3458(@VCo)s 2(ver)k 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(57)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13250(symbol)m 753(w)s 2(orks)k 1379(well)s 1837(near)s 2300(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2926(tar)s 4(gets,)k 3658(because)s 4463(the)s 4803(scale)s 5328(f)s 2(actor)k 5934(to)s 6166(apply)s 6744(is)s 6946(determined)s 8071(before)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 12962(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 634(\210ushing)s 1459(tak)s 2(es)k 1999(place.)s 240 fnt5 0 12169(3.23.)m 591(@StartHSpan,@StartVSpan,)s 3642(@StartHVSpan,)s 5374(@HSpan,)s 6416(and)s 6857(@VSpan)s [ /Dest /LOUThspan /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_3 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_4 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 556 11692(These)m 1199(symbols)s 2065(w)s 2(ork)k 2632(together)s 3492(to)s 3747(produce)s 4591(spanning)s 5525(columns)s 6403(and)s 6824(ro)s 6(ws)k 7350(in)s 7610(a)s 7792(more)s 8356(\210e)s 3(xible)k 0 11404(w)m 2(ay)k 451(than)s 920(is)s 1130(possible)s 1970(in)s 2213(practice)s 3024(with)s 220 fnt2 3506 11401(//)m 240 fnt1 3691 11404(and)m 220 fnt2 4095 11401(||)m 240 fnt1 4189 11404(.)m 4353(An)s 4703(object)s 220 fnt2 480 10903(@Star)m -8(tHSpan object)k 240 fnt1 0 10406(causes)m 220 fnt2 682 10403(object)m 240 fnt1 1330 10406(to)m 1577(be)s 1866(printed,)s 2658(b)s 4(ut)k 3027(occup)s 2(ying)k 4084(all)s 4384(the)s 4740(horizontal)s 5771(space)s 6366(to)s 6612(the)s 6968(right)s 7486(on)s 7791(the)s 8146(ro)s 6(w)k 8574(mark)s 0 10118(on)m 289(which)s 922(it)s 1105(lies)s 1478(up)s 1762(to)s 1992(and)s 2387(including)s 3335(the)s 3675(rightmost)s 220 fnt2 4642 10115(@HSpan)m 240 fnt1 5572 10118(symbol)m 6323(on)s 6611(that)s 7020(mark)s 7563(not)s 7920(preceded)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt2 0 9827(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt1 1496 9830(,)m 220 fnt2 1603 9827(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt1 2953 9830(,)m 220 fnt2 3059 9827(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt1 4397 9830(,)m 4503(or)s 220 fnt2 4761 9827(@VSpan)m 240 fnt1 5628 9830(.)m 5791(The)s 6218(column)s 6992(mark)s 7543(of)s 7813(this)s 8208(spanning)s 0 9542(object)m 644(is)s 854(not)s 1220(constrained)s 2380(to)s 2619(align)s 3154(with)s 3636(an)s 3(y)k 4033(of)s 4304(the)s 4652(column)s 5427(marks)s 6062(of)s 6333(the)s 6681(columns)s 7543(it)s 7735(spans.)s 480 9168(If)m 739(there)s 1301(is)s 1541(no)s 220 fnt2 1863 9165(@HSpan)m 240 fnt1 2831 9168(symbol)m 3621(an)s 3(ywhere)k 4633(to)s 4901(the)s 5279(right)s 5819(of)s 220 fnt2 6119 9165(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt1 7469 9168(,)m 7606(then)s 8104(the)s 8482(object)s 0 8880(spans)m 585(only)s 1067(its)s 1345(o)s 6(wn)k 1811(column.)s 2695(This)s 3173(means)s 3837(that)s 4257(it)s 4451(occupies)s 5341(that)s 5761(column)s 6538(as)s 6790(usual)s 7352(b)s 4(ut)k 7716(its)s 7994(mark)s 8548(is)s 8760(not)s 0 8592(constrained)m 1160(to)s 1399(align)s 1934(with)s 2416(those)s 2977(of)s 3248(the)s 3596(other)s 4147(objects)s 4875(in)s 5118(the)s 5466(column.)s 480 8218(Similarly)m 15(,)k 1457(the)s 220 fnt2 1801 8215(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt1 3196 8218(symbol)m 3952(causes)s 4624(its)s 4896(object)s 5537(to)s 5772(occup)s 2(y)k 6513(all)s 6802(the)s 7147(v)s 3(ertical)k 7910(space)s 8493(belo)s 6(w)k 0 7930(it)m 191(on)s 486(the)s 832(column)s 1605(mark)s 2155(on)s 2451(which)s 3091(it)s 3281(lies,)s 3717(do)s 6(wn)k 4299(to)s 4537(and)s 4939(including)s 5894(the)s 6240(bottommost)s 220 fnt2 7441 7927(@VSpan)m 240 fnt1 8366 7930(symbol)m 0 7642(on)m 294(that)s 708(mark)s 1256(not)s 1618(preceded)s 2535(by)s 2825(a)s 220 fnt2 2987 7639(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt1 4483 7642(,)m 220 fnt2 4586 7639(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt1 5936 7642(,)m 220 fnt2 6039 7639(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt1 7377 7642(,)m 7480(or)s 220 fnt2 7735 7639(@HSpan)m 240 fnt1 8614 7642(;)m 8722(and)s 0 7354(if)m 206(there)s 728(is)s 927(no)s 220 fnt2 1209 7351(@VSpan)m 240 fnt1 2125 7354(symbol)m 2874(an)s 3(ywhere)k 3846(belo)s 6(w)k 4468(it)s 4649(on)s 4935(that)s 5342(mark,)s 5929(then)s 6387(the)s 6724(object)s 7357(spans)s 7929(only)s 8398(its)s 8662(o)s 6(wn)k 0 7066(ro)m 6(w)k 15(,)k 458(occup)s 2(ying)k 1507(its)s 1783(ro)s 6(w)k 2203(b)s 4(ut)k 2565(with)s 3047(its)s 3323(mark)s 3875(not)s 4241(constrained)s 5401(to)s 5640(align)s 6175(with)s 6657(the)s 7005(ro)s 6(w)k 7425(mark.)s 480 6692(The)m 220 fnt2 949 6689(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt1 2547 6692(symbol)m 3349(combines)s 4359(the)s 4748(ef)s 6(fects)k 5470(of)s 220 fnt2 5783 6689(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt1 7235 6692(and)m 220 fnt2 7681 6689(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt1 9019 6692(,)m 0 6404(allo)m 6(wing)k 884(an)s 1167(object)s 1811(to)s 2050(span)s 2546(both)s 3029(columns)s 3891(and)s 4295(ro)s 6(ws)k 4805(simultaneously)s 15(.)k 6402(F)s 3(or)k 6791(e)s 3(xample,)k 7705(in)s 220 fnt2 480 5903(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan x | | @HSpan)k 480 5615(/)m 480 5327(@VSpan | |)m 240 fnt1 0 4831(the)m 378(object)s 220 fnt2 1052 4828(x)m 240 fnt1 1250 4831(will)m 1706(occup)s 2(y)k 2481(a)s 2677(rectangular)s 3841(area)s 4328(spanning)s 5276(three)s 5840(columns,)s 6788(tw)s 2(o)k 7228(ro)s 6(ws,)k 7824(and)s 8258(the)s 8637(g)s 1(aps)k 0 4543(between)m 854(them.)s 480 4169(The)m 908(objects)s 1636(lying)s 2182(in)s 2425(the)s 2774(re)s 3(gion)k 3439(spanned)s 4283(should)s 4980(all)s 5274(be)s 5556(empty)s 15(,)k 6247(or)s 6506(the)s 220 fnt2 6855 4166(@HSpan)m 240 fnt1 7794 4169(and)m 220 fnt2 8199 4166(@VSpan)m 240 fnt1 0 3881(symbols)m 865(can)s 1271(be)s 1570(used)s 2084(to)s 2340(document)s 3360(the)s 3725(spanning)s 4660(that)s 5095(is)s 5322(occurring.)s 6418(At)s 6734(present)s 7501(there)s 8051(may)s 8534(be)s 8833(no)s 0 3593(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 639(tar)s 4(gets)k 1328(or)s 1593(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2521(symbols)s 3376(within)s 4050(the)s 4404(right)s 4921(parameter)s 5941(of)s 220 fnt2 6218 3590(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt1 7568 3593(,)m 220 fnt2 7681 3590(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt1 9019 3593(,)m 0 3305(or)m 220 fnt2 246 3302(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt1 1742 3305(.)m 1892(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 2838(the)s 3172(right)s 3670(parameter)s 4670(may)s 5122(otherwise)s 6093(be)s 6362(an)s 6631(arbitrary)s 7492(object,)s 8169(including)s 0 3017(paragraphs)m 1100(of)s 1371(te)s 3(xt)k 1786(that)s 2204(require)s 2936(breaking.)s 480 2643(If)m 722(the)s 1082(right)s 1605(parameter)s 2631(of)s 220 fnt2 2914 2640(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt1 4264 2643(,)m 220 fnt2 4383 2640(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt1 5721 2643(,)m 5840(or)s 220 fnt2 6111 2640(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt1 7679 2643(occupies)m 8579(more)s 0 2355(horizontal)m 1022(or)s 1279(v)s 3(ertical)k 2044(space)s 2629(than)s 3095(all)s 3386(of)s 3655(the)s 4001(spanned)s 4842(columns)s 5701(or)s 5958(ro)s 6(ws)k 6466(combined)s 7466(require,)s 8247(the)s 8592(e)s 3(xtra)k 0 2067(space)m 601(goes)s 1106(into)s 1546(the)s 1908(last)s 2314(spanned)s 3172(column)s 3962(or)s 4235(ro)s 6(w)k 15(.)k 4765(Ov)s 3(erlapping)k 6026(spanning)s 6958(ro)s 6(ws)k 7483(and)s 7902(columns)s 8779(are)s 0 1779(permitted.)m 1081(Gaps)s 1626(spanned)s 2471(by)s 2767(span)s 3266(objects)s 3996(are)s 4345(unbreakable)s 5572(\(their)s 220 fnt2 6151 1776(u)m 240 fnt1 6321 1779(indicator)m 7232(is)s 7444(set)s 7772(automatically)s 0 1491(and)m 404(cannot)s 1102(be)s 1384(re)s 6(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed\).)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 58 64 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(58)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt5 0 13203(3.24.)m 591(@Scale)s [ /Dest /LOUTscale /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_scal_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 588 12771(This)m 1112(symbol)s 1920(geometrically)s 3335(scales)s 4004(its)s 4328(right)s 4887(parameter)s 5949(by)s 6291(the)s 6687(scale)s 7268(f)s 2(actor)k 7930(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8558(in)s 8850(its)s 0 12483(left)m 377(parameter:)s 220 fnt2 480 11982(1.0 @Scale Hello 2.0 @Scale Hello 0.5 @Scale Hello)m 240 fnt1 0 11527(has)m 370(result)s gsave 480 11019 translate 1.0000 1.0000 scale 0 -54(Hello)m grestore gsave 1124 11019 translate 2.0000 2.0000 scale 0 -54(Hello)m grestore gsave 2292 11019 translate 0.5000 0.5000 scale 0 -54(Hello)m grestore 0 10456(The)m 433(left)s 815(parameter)s 1834(can)s 2228(be)s 2515(tw)s 2(o)k 2930(scale)s 3468(f)s 2(actors,)k 4227(in)s 4475(which)s 5122(case)s 5594(the)s 5947(\207rst)s 6383(applies)s 7116(horizontally)s 15(,)k 8368(and)s 8778(the)s 0 10168(second)m 723(v)s 3(ertically:)k 220 fnt2 480 9667({0.5 2.0} @Scale Hello)m 240 fnt1 0 9173(has)m 370(result)s gsave 480 8665 translate 0.5000 2.0000 scale 0 -54(Hello)m grestore 0 8102(The)m 433(left)s 815(parameter)s 1834(may)s 2305(be)s 2592(empty)s 15(,)k 3287(in)s 3535(which)s 4182(case)s 4654(Lout)s 5171(will)s 5602(scale)s 6140(the)s 6493(object)s 7142(by)s 7441(a)s 7612(common)s 8512(f)s 2(actor)k 0 7814(horizontally)m 1209(and)s 1613(v)s 3(ertically)k 2565(so)s 2831(as)s 3081(to)s 3320(occup)s 2(y)k 4064(all)s 4357(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5265(horizontal)s 6289(space:)s 220 fnt2 480 7313({} @Scale { Hello w)m 2(or)k -3(ld })k 240 fnt1 0 6819(has)m 370(result)s gsave 0 5661 translate 7.9648 7.9648 scale 0 -54(Hello)m 583(w)s 2(orld)k grestore 0 4757(The)m 433(right)s 949(parameter)s 1969(may)s 2440(be)s 2728(an)s 3(y)k 3130(object.)s 220 fnt2 3884 4754(@Scale)m 240 fnt1 4712 4757(has)m 5088(both)s 5576(a)s 220 fnt2 5748 4754(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 6765 4757(and)m 7175(a)s 220 fnt2 7346 4754(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 8483 4757(ef)m 6(fect,)k 0 4469(and)m 404(the)s 752(marks)s 1387(of)s 1658(the)s 2006(result)s 2596(coincide)s 3462(with)s 3944(the)s 4292(principal)s 5196(marks)s 5831(of)s 6102(the)s 6450(right)s 6961(parameter)s 13(.)k 240 fnt5 0 3676(3.25.)m 591(@Rotate)s [ /Dest /LOUTrotate /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rota_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rota_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 542 3244(The)m 220 fnt2 973 3241(@Rotate)m 240 fnt1 1897 3244(symbol)m 2660(will)s 3089(rotate)s 3691(its)s 3970(right)s 4484(parameter)s 5501(counterclockwise)s 7233(an)s 7519(amount)s 8300(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8883(in)s 0 2956(de)m 3(grees)k 778(\(positi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1661(or)s 1920(ne)s 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e\))k 2845(by)s 3139(its)s 3415(left)s 3792(parameter)s 13(.)k 4897(F)s 3(or)k 5286(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 2455(30d @Rotate { hello)m 8(, w)k 2(or)k -3(ld })k 240 fnt1 0 1961(has)m 370(result)s gsave 534 1008 translate 30.0000 rotate 0 -54(hello,)m 583(w)s 2(orld)k grestore 0 482(Before)m 710(rotating)s 1511(the)s 1863(object,)s 220 fnt2 2559 479(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 3576 482(and)m 220 fnt2 3984 479(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 5120 482(are)m 5471(applied)s 6238(to)s 6482(it.)s 6782(The)s 7215(result)s 7809(is)s 8024(a)s 8195(rectangle)s 0 194(whose)m 668(marks)s 1303(pass)s 1766(through)s 2568(the)s 2916(point)s 3468(where)s 4108(the)s 4456(original)s 5254(marks)s 5889(crossed:)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 59 65 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Symbol %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1578(3.25.)m 1991(@Rotate)s 240 fnt5 10249 -1581(59)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13414 0 12644 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 480 12531 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore grestore end end restore grestore 240 fnt4 2547 12584(\336)m gsave 3256 12377 translate 240 fnt1 1515 1037 379 267 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1515 1037 379 267 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 1515 1037 379 267 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore gsave 379 267 translate 30.0000 rotate 1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 -340 -113 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 1587 283 340 113 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore grestore end end restore grestore grestore grestore grestore end end restore grestore 240 fnt1 0 11926(As)m 324(this)s 728(e)s 3(xample)k 1598(sho)s 6(ws,)k 2306(rotation)s 3113(by)s 3415(an)s 3705(angle)s 4287(other)s 4845(than)s 5322(a)s 5495(multiple)s 6355(of)s 6633(ninety)s 7293(de)s 3(grees)k 8079(introduces)s 0 11638(quite)m 534(a)s 700(lot)s 1012(of)s 1283(white)s 1870(space.)s 2565(So,)s 2925(for)s 3263(e)s 3(xample,)k 4177(the)s 4525(result)s 5115(of)s 220 fnt2 480 11130(-30d)m 968(@Rotate)s 1890(30d)s 2305(@Rotate)s 240 fnt6 3286 11135(object)m 240 fnt1 0 10632(is)m 210(a)s 376(much)s 965(lar)s 4(ger)k 1577(object)s 2221(than)s 240 fnt6 2690 10634(object)m 240 fnt1 3278 10632(,)m 3385(despite)s 4118(the)s 4466(f)s 2(act)k 4881(that)s 5299(one)s 5701(rotation)s 6501(cancels)s 7255(the)s 7603(other)s 13(.)k 480 10258(Rotation)m 1362(of)s 1634(objects)s 2363(containing)s 3427(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4350(and)s 4755(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5678(symbols)s 6528(is)s 6739(permitted,)s 7762(b)s 4(ut)k 8125(for)s 8464(angles)s 0 9970(other)m 553(than)s 1024(multiples)s 1967(of)s 2240(ninety)s 2894(de)s 3(grees)k 3675(it)s 3869(is)s 4082(best)s 4529(to)s 4770(mak)s 2(e)k 5345(the)s 5695(size)s 6125(of)s 6398(the)s 6748(rotated)s 7472(object)s 8118(clear)s 8644(with)s 220 fnt2 0 9679(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 774 9682(and)m 220 fnt2 1178 9679(@High)m 240 fnt1 1897 9682(symbols:)m 220 fnt2 480 9181(30d @Rotate 5i @Wide 4i @High)m 480 8893({ //1i @T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 8605( //1i)m 480 8317(})m 240 fnt1 0 7823(This)m 532(is)s 798(because)s 1667(for)s 2061(angles)s 2779(other)s 3386(than)s 3911(multiples)s 4907(of)s 5234(ninety)s 5942(de)s 3(grees)k 6776(the)s 7180(space)s 7823(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8788(for)s 220 fnt2 0 7532(@T)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 1218 7535(to)m 1457(occup)s 2(y)k 2201(is)s 2411(indeterminate,)s 3831(and)s 4235(the)s 4583(result)s 5173(is)s 5383(poor)s 13(.)k 240 fnt5 0 6742(3.26.)m 591(@Backgr)s 4(ound)k [ /Dest /LOUTbackground /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_back_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 577 6265(The)m 220 fnt2 1042 6262(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k 240 fnt1 2515 6265(symbol)m 3312(will)s 3775(print)s 4323(its)s 4637(left)s 5051(parameter)s 6102(in)s 6382(the)s 6767(background)s 7993(of)s 8301(its)s 8615(right)s 0 5977(parameter)m 13(.)k 1115(That)s 1624(is,)s 1901(the)s 2260(result)s 2860(has)s 3241(the)s 3600(size)s 4038(of)s 4319(the)s 4678(right)s 5200(parameter)s 9(,)k 6263(b)s 4(ut)k 6635(the)s 6994(left)s 7382(parameter)s 8407(will)s 8844(be)s 0 5689(printed)m 735(\207rst)s 1166(in)s 1409(the)s 1757(same)s 2304(space,)s 2942(with)s 3424(its)s 3700(marks)s 4335(aligned)s 5097(with)s 5579(the)s 5927(marks)s 6562(of)s 6833(the)s 7181(right)s 7692(parameter)s 13(.)k 240 fnt5 0 4896(3.27.)m 591(@K)s 6(er)k 3(nShrink)k [ /Dest /LOUTkernshrink /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_kshr_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 541 4464(This)m 1018(symbol)s 1779(returns)s 2495(its)s 2772(right)s 3284(parameter)s 4300(unchanged)s 5397(in)s 5641(appearance)s 6774(b)s 4(ut)k 7137(occup)s 2(ying)k 8187(a)s 8355(slightly)s 0 4176(smaller)m 770(bounding)s 1737(box.)s 2269(The)s 2705(reduction)s 3673(is)s 3891(by)s 4193(the)s 4549(amount)s 5335(of)s 5614(k)s 2(erning)k 6404(that)s 6830(w)s 2(ould)k 7493(be)s 7783(applied)s 8553(if)s 8778(the)s 0 3888(right)m 511(parameter)s 1525(w)s 2(as)k 1946(immediately)s 240 fnt6 3194 3890(followed)m 240 fnt1 4084 3888(by)m 4378(the)s 4726(left)s 5103(parameter)s 13(.)k 6208(F)s 3(or)k 6597(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 3387(.)m 13( @K)k 8(er)k -5(nShr)k -3(ink P)k 240 fnt1 0 2932(has)m 370(result)s 104 158 0 54 240 288 60 480 2484 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore 0 0(P)m grestore 0 2033(where)m 649(a)s 824(box)s 1249(of)s 1529(size)s 1965(0)s 2150(has)s 2529(been)s 3048(dra)s 3(wn)k 3709(around)s 4441(the)s 4799(result)s 5398(to)s 5647(mak)s 2(e)k 6228(its)s 6513(e)s 3(xtent)k 7164(clear)s 13(.)k 7787(Compare)s 8730(this)s 0 1745(with)m 482(`P')s 806(alone:)s 130 158 0 54 240 288 60 480 1296 LoutGr2 LoutBox stroke grestore 0 0(P)m grestore 0 845(in)m 243(which)s 885(the)s 1232(bounding)s 2191(box)s 2605(e)s 3(xactly)k 3346(encloses)s 4206(the)s 4554(object,)s 5245(or)s 5503(at)s 5735(least)s 6231(is)s 6441(supposed)s 7390(to.)s 7740(The)s 8167(bounding)s 0 557(box)m 415(is)s 625(smaller)s 1387(on)s 1684(the)s 2032(right)s 2543(by)s 2837(the)s 3185(amount)s 3963(of)s 4234(k)s 2(erning)k 5016(that)s 5434(w)s 2(ould)k 6089(be)s 6371(applied)s 7133(between)s 7987(`P')s 8311(and)s 8715(`.)s 16('.)k 480 183(The)m 916(only)s 1405(kno)s 6(wn)k 2117(use)s 2501(for)s 2847(this)s 3252(symbol)s 4020(is)s 4239(to)s 4486(produce)s 5322(tuck)s 2(ed-in)k 6288(subscripts)s 7304(in)s 7555(the)s 7912(Eq)s 8245(equation)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 60 66 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(60)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(formatting)m 1061(package.)s 240 fnt5 0 12412(3.28.)m 591(@Common,)s 1872(@Rump,)s 2847(and)s 3288(@Meld)s [ /Dest /LOUTrump /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 540 11935(The)m 220 fnt2 968 11932(@Common)m 240 fnt1 2127 11935(and)m 220 fnt2 2531 11932(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 3391 11935(symbols)m 4240(compare)s 5119(tw)s 2(o)k 5529(paragraph)s 6542(objects:)s 220 fnt2 480 11434({ Aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(k, 29 } @Common { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(k, 359 })k 240 fnt1 0 10940(If)m 234(either)s 842(parameter)s 1860(is)s 2075(not)s 2446(a)s 2616(paragraph)s 3634(object,)s 4329(it)s 4526(is)s 4741(con)s 9(v)k 3(erted)k 5734(into)s 6164(a)s 6334(single-object)s 7633(paragraph)s 8651(\207rst.)s 0 10652(The)m 418(result)s 998(of)s 220 fnt2 1259 10649(@Common)m 240 fnt1 2408 10652(is)m 2608(the)s 2946(common)s 3831(pre\207x)s 4433(of)s 4694(the)s 5032(tw)s 2(o)k 5432(paragraphs;)s 6583(that)s 6991(is,)s 7247(those)s 7798(initial)s 8398(objects)s 0 10364(which)m 640(are)s 985(equal)s 1555(in)s 1796(the)s 2142(tw)s 2(o)k 2549(paragraphs.)s 3760(In)s 4013(the)s 4359(e)s 3(xample)k 5220(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 5890(the)s 6236(result)s 6824(is)s 220 fnt2 7031 10361(Aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(k,)k 240 fnt1 7949 10364(.)m 8111(The)s 8536(result)s 0 10076(of)m 220 fnt2 271 10073(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 1131 10076(is)m 1341(that)s 1759(part)s 2190(of)s 2461(the)s 2809(second)s 3532(object)s 4176(which)s 4818(is)s 5028(not)s 5394(included)s 6276(in)s 220 fnt2 6519 10073(@Common)m 240 fnt1 7618 10076(;)m 7730(the)s 8078(result)s 8668(of)s 220 fnt2 480 9575({ Aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(k, 29 } @Rump { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(k, 359 })k 240 fnt1 0 9079(is)m 220 fnt2 210 9076(359)m 240 fnt1 567 9079(.)m 480 8705(If)m 698(the)s 1034(tw)s 2(o)k 1431(objects)s 2147(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2635(nothing)s 3408(in)s 3638(common,)s 4571(the)s 4907(result)s 5484(of)s 220 fnt2 5743 8702(@Common)m 240 fnt1 6889 8705(will)m 7303(be)s 7572(an)s 7843(empty)s 8482(object)s 0 8417(and)m 400(the)s 744(result)s 1330(of)s 220 fnt2 1597 8414(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 2453 8417(will)m 2874(be)s 3152(the)s 3496(second)s 4215(object.)s 4959(If)s 5185(the)s 5528(tw)s 2(o)k 5934(objects)s 6658(are)s 7001(identical,)s 7926(the)s 8270(result)s 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 8126(@Common)m 240 fnt1 1159 8129(will)m 1585(be)s 1867(the)s 2215(\207rst)s 2646(object,)s 3337(and)s 3741(the)s 4089(result)s 4679(of)s 220 fnt2 4950 8126(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 5810 8129(will)m 6236(be)s 6518(an)s 6801(empty)s 7453(object.)s 480 7755(The)m 933(only)s 1438(kno)s 6(wn)k 2167(use)s 2567(for)s 220 fnt2 2930 7752(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 3815 7755(and)m 220 fnt2 4244 7752(@Common)m 240 fnt1 5428 7755(is)m 5663(to)s 5927(implement)s 7034(mer)s 4(ged)k 7830(inde)s 3(x)k 8439(entries)s 0 7467(\(Section)m 853(2.8\).)s 480 7093(The)m 220 fnt2 942 7090(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 1723 7093(symbol)m 2518(returns)s 3267(the)s 3649(minimum)s 4674(meld)s 5245(of)s 5551(tw)s 2(o)k 5995(paragraphs,)s 7186(that)s 7639(is,)s 7940(the)s 8323(shortest)s 0 6805(paragraph)m 1013(that)s 1431(contains)s 2279(the)s 2627(tw)s 2(o)k 3037(original)s 3835(paragraphs)s 4935(as)s 5185(subsequences.)s 6652(F)s 3(or)k 7041(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 6304({ Aardv)m 5(ar)k -3(k , 1 , 2 } @Meld { Aardv)k 5(ar)k -3(k , 2 , 3 })k 240 fnt1 0 5810(produces)m 480 5307(Aardv)m 6(ark)k 1438(,)s 1545(1)s 1700(,)s 1807(2)s 1981(,)s 2088(3)s 0 4823(The)m 455(result)s 1073(is)s 1310(related)s 2045(to)s 2312(the)s 2687(well-kno)s 6(wn)k 3909(longest)s 4688(common)s 5610(substring,)s 6622(in)s 6893(that)s 7338(the)s 7714(meld)s 8278(contains)s 0 4535(e)m 6(v)k 3(erything)k 1054(not)s 1407(in)s 1636(the)s 1971(lcs)s 2274(plus)s 2710(one)s 3099(cop)s 2(y)k 3604(of)s 3861(e)s 6(v)k 3(erything)k 4915(in)s 5145(the)s 5479(lcs.)s 5895(Where)s 6575(there)s 7094(are)s 7428(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 8136(minimum)s 0 4247(melds,)m 220 fnt2 705 4244(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 1478 4247(returns)m 2219(the)s 2595(one)s 3024(in)s 3294(which)s 3964(the)s 4339(components)s 5574(of)s 5873(the)s 6248(\207rst)s 6706(parameter)s 7748(are)s 8122(as)s 8399(f)s 2(ar)k 8749(left)s 0 3959(as)m 250(possible.)s 480 3585(Determining)m 1764(the)s 2136(v)s 6(alues)k 2816(of)s 3110(all)s 3427(these)s 3998(symbols)s 4870(requires)s 5714(testing)s 6428(whether)s 7281(one)s 7707(component)s 8855(of)s 0 3297(the)m 372(\207rst)s 827(paragraph)s 1864(is)s 2098(equal)s 2695(to)s 2958(one)s 3384(component)s 4532(of)s 4827(the)s 5199(second.)s 6052(Since)s 6663(V)s 26(ersion)k 7475(3.25,)s 8026(the)s 8398(objects)s 0 3009(in)m 9(v)k 4(olv)k 3(ed)k 893(may)s 1372(be)s 1667(arbitrary)s 2555(and)s 2972(Lout)s 3497(will)s 3936(perform)s 4778(the)s 5139(necessary)s 6135(detailed)s 6962(checking)s 7892(for)s 8244(equality;)s 0 2721(pre)m 6(viously)k 15(,)k 1084(only)s 1552(simple)s 2233(w)s 2(ords)k 2855(were)s 3363(guaranteed)s 4458(to)s 4685(be)s 4954(tested)s 5557(correctly)s 15(.)k 6482(T)s 19(w)k 2(o)k 6941(w)s 2(ords)k 7563(are)s 7898(equal)s 8459(if)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 2433(contain)m 761(the)s 1108(same)s 1655(sequence)s 2587(of)s 2858(characters,)s 3931(re)s 3(g)k 1(ardless)k 4945(of)s 5216(whether)s 6045(the)s 3(y)k 6508(are)s 6854(enclosed)s 7749(in)s 7991(quotes,)s 8722(and)s 0 2145(re)m 3(g)k 1(ardless)k 1008(of)s 1272(the)s 1612(current)s 2341(font)s 2778(or)s 3030(an)s 3(y)k 3419(other)s 3963(style)s 4462(information.)s 5747(Otherwise,)s 6828(objects)s 7549(are)s 7888(equal)s 8454(if)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 1857(are)m 337(of)s 598(the)s 936(same)s 1473(type)s 1931(and)s 2325(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2816(the)s 3153(same)s 3690(parameters,)s 4834(including)s 5781(g)s 1(aps)k 6260(in)s 6493(concatenation)s 7868(objects.)s 8698(The)s 0 1569(sole)m 459(e)s 3(xception)k 1461(is)s 220 fnt2 1690 1566(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 3002 1569(,)m 3127(whose)s 3814(left)s 4209(parameter)s 5241(is)s 5470(ignored)s 6277(during)s 6974(equality)s 7816(testing,)s 8579(since)s 0 1281(otherwise)m 985(there)s 1518(w)s 2(ould)k 2173(be)s 2455(problems)s 3396(in)s 3639(the)s 3987(appearance)s 5118(of)s 5389(melded)s 6151(clickable)s 7069(inde)s 3(x)k 7653(entries.)s 480 907(Style)m 1023(changing)s 1949(operations)s 2991(\()s 220 fnt2 3064 904(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 3716 907(,)m 220 fnt2 3819 904(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 5071 907(etc.\))m 5532(are)s 5874(not)s 6236(considered)s 7325(in)s 7563(equality)s 8382(testing,)s 0 619(since)m 547(these)s 1094(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1595(been)s 2104(processed)s 3105(and)s 3508(deleted)s 4256(by)s 4550(the)s 4898(time)s 5378(that)s 5796(the)s 6143(tests)s 6618(are)s 6965(done.)s 7595(Also,)s 8154(Lout)s 8665(tries)s 0 331(hard)m 483(to)s 722(get)s 1074(rid)s 1397(of)s 1668(redundant)s 2685(braces)s 3346(around)s 4069(concatenation)s 5454(objects,)s 6238(which)s 6880(is)s 7090(wh)s 1(y)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 61 67 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.28.)m 1991(@Common,)s 3170(@Rump,)s 4042(and)s 4468(@Meld)s 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(61)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207({ a { b c } } @Meld { { a b } c })m 240 fnt1 0 12713(produces)m 480 12210(a)m 646(b)s 819(c)s 0 11757(The)m 428(tw)s 2(o)k 838(parameters)s 1936(are)s 2283(equal)s 2856(by)s 3150(the)s 3498(time)s 3978(the)s 3(y)k 4441(are)s 4788(compared)s 5789(by)s 220 fnt2 6083 11754(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 6769 11757(.)m 480 11383(One)m 928(problematic)s 2114(area)s 2563(in)s 2799(the)s 3139(use)s 3506(of)s 3770(these)s 4309(operators)s 5241(is)s 5444(the)s 5784(de\207nition)s 6750(of)s 7014(equality)s 7830(when)s 8398(objects)s 0 11095(are)m 365(immediately)s 1631(adjacent.)s 2609(Lout)s 3139(contains)s 4005(an)s 4306(optimization)s 5589(which)s 6249(mer)s 4(ges)k 7004(immediately)s 8270(adjacent)s 0 10807(w)m 2(ords)k 634(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 1615(the)s 3(y)k 2078(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2579(the)s 2927(same)s 3474(style.)s 4089(F)s 3(or)k 4478(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 10309({Hello}{w)m 2(or)k -3(ld})k 240 fnt1 0 9815(w)m 2(ould)k 655(be)s 937(treated)s 1644(internally)s 2613(as)s 2863(one)s 3265(w)s 2(ord,)k 3862(whereas)s 220 fnt2 480 9314({Hello}{y)m 4(ello)k 3(w @Colour w)k 2(or)k -3(ld})k 240 fnt1 0 8816(w)m 2(ould)k 683(be)s 994(treated)s 1729(as)s 2008(tw)s 2(o)k 2447(adjacent)s 3331(w)s 2(ords.)k 4107(Thus,)s 4721(although)s 220 fnt2 5645 8813(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 6297 8816(,)m 220 fnt2 6433 8813(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 7630 8816(,)m 7765(and)s 8198(the)s 8575(other)s 0 8528(style)m 517(operators)s 1468(are)s 1825(ignored)s 2625(in)s 2878(equality)s 3713(testing,)s 4467(the)s 3(y)k 4941(may)s 5417(af)s 6(fect)k 6024(the)s 6382(structure)s 7284(of)s 7565(the)s 7924(objects)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 8240(lie)m 294(within.)s 480 7866(At)m 810(present,)s 220 fnt2 1639 7863(@Common)m 240 fnt1 2830 7866(and)m 220 fnt2 3266 7863(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 4158 7866(treat)m 4673(all)s 4998(unmer)s 4(ged)k 6041(components)s 7281(of)s 7584(their)s 8113(paragraph)s 0 7578(as)m 278(separate,)s 1195(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1724(if)s 1969(one)s 2399(is)s 2638(immediately)s 3914(adjacent)s 4799(to)s 5066(another)s 13(.)k 220 fnt2 5962 7575(@Common)m 240 fnt1 7150 7578(and)m 220 fnt2 7582 7575(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 8471 7578(w)m 2(ould)k 0 7290(thus)m 449(see)s 809(one)s 1210(component)s 2333(in)s 2574(the)s 2921(\207rst)s 3351(e)s 3(xample)k 4213(and)s 4615(tw)s 2(o)k 5024(in)s 5266(the)s 5613(second.)s 220 fnt2 6440 7287(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 7185 7290(treats)m 7751(each)s 8245(group)s 8855(of)s 0 7002(immediately)m 1239(adjacent)s 2086(components)s 3285(as)s 3526(a)s 3683(single)s 4301(component,)s 5463(so)s 5720(it)s 5903(w)s 2(ould)k 6549(see)s 6901(one)s 7294(component)s 8409(in)s 8643(both)s 0 6714(e)m 3(xamples;)k 1015(b)s 4(ut)k 1381(it)s 1577(w)s 2(ould)k 2235(still)s 2651(not)s 3021(report)s 3655(them)s 4196(as)s 4450(equal,)s 5079(since)s 5630(one)s 6035(is)s 6249(a)s 6419(single)s 7050(w)s 2(ord)k 7601(and)s 8009(the)s 8361(other)s 8916(is)s 0 6426(a)m 179(pair)s 623(of)s 907(adjacent)s 1777(w)s 2(ords.)k 2537(These)s 3177(confusing)s 4188(and)s 4605(inconsistent)s 5820(properties)s 6839(might)s 7471(be)s 7766(re)s 6(vised)k 8521(in)s 8778(the)s 0 6138(future.)m 754(See)s 1176(Section)s 1971(4.6)s 2345(for)s 2704(an)s 3008(e)s 3(xample)k 3892(of)s 4184(the)s 4553(practical)s 5450(use)s 5846(of)s 6138(these)s 6706(operators,)s 7723(in)s 7987(which)s 8650(v)s 3(ery)k 0 5850(small)m 564(unbreakable)s 1781(g)s 1(aps)k 2262(are)s 2600(used)s 3089(to)s 3320(ensure)s 3991(that)s 4401(apparently)s 5456(adjacent)s 6303(components)s 7503(are)s 7842(separate,)s 8722(and)s 220 fnt2 0 5559(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 1026 5562(is)m 1250(used)s 1761(to)s 2014(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 2797(the)s 3159(w)s 2(ord)k 3721(mer)s 4(ging)k 4581(optimization)s 5860(from)s 6399(taking)s 7064(ef)s 6(fect)k 7674(when)s 8264(it)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 5274(otherwise)m 985(cause)s 1572(trouble.)s 240 fnt5 0 4530(3.29.)m 591(@Insert)s [ /Dest /LOUTinsert /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_inse_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 541 4098(The)m 220 fnt2 970 4095(@Inser)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1808 4098(symbol)m 2569(inserts)s 3245(its)s 3522(left)s 3901(parameter)s 4916(at)s 5149(the)s 5499(be)s 3(ginning)k 6508(of)s 6781(the)s 7130(\207rst)s 7563(paragraph)s 8577(of)s 8850(its)s 0 3810(right)m 511(parameter:)s 220 fnt2 480 3309(X @Inser)m -8(t { A B // C // D })k 240 fnt1 0 2815(is)m 210(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 1254(to)s 220 fnt2 480 2314({ XA B // C // D })m 240 fnt1 0 1820(Notice)m 707(that)s 1139(a)s 1320(zero-width)s 2426(space)s 3028(separates)s 220 fnt2 3968 1817(X)m 240 fnt1 4185 1820(from)m 4723(the)s 5085(\207rst)s 5531(paragraph,)s 6608(so)s 6889(if)s 7120(some)s 7696(wider)s 8314(space)s 8916(is)s 0 1532(required)m 857(it)s 1052(must)s 1580(be)s 1865(placed)s 2550(at)s 2785(the)s 3137(end)s 3544(of)s 220 fnt2 3818 1529(X)m 240 fnt1 3960 1532(.)m 4127(The)s 220 fnt2 4558 1529(@Inser)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 5397 1532(operation)m 6361(is)s 6574(applied)s 7339(to)s 7581(the)s 7932(v)s 6(alue)k 8503(of)s 8778(the)s 0 1244(right)m 511(parameter)s 1525(after)s 2021(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluation.)k 480 870(The)m 917(only)s 1407(kno)s 6(wn)k 2121(use)s 2506(for)s 2853(this)s 3259(symbol)s 4029(is)s 4249(to)s 4498(attach)s 5134(something)s 6194(lik)s 2(e)k 240 fnt5 6616 869(Figur)m 4(e)k 7355(6)s 240 fnt1 7538 870(to)m 7787(the)s 8145(front)s 8679(of)s 8960(a)s 0 582(multi-paragraph)m 1596(caption.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 62 68 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(62)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt5 0 13203(3.30.)m 591(@OneOf)s [ /Dest /LOUToneof /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oneo_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 534 12771(The)m 220 fnt2 956 12768(@OneOf)m 240 fnt1 1877 12771(symbol)m 2631(returns)s 3339(one)s 3734(of)s 3999(the)s 4341(sequence)s 5268(of)s 5533(objects)s 6254(which)s 6890(is)s 7094(its)s 7364(right)s 7869(parameter)s 8876(as)s 0 12483(its)m 276(result:)s 220 fnt2 480 12032(@OneOf {)m 480 11744( @ResultA)m 480 11456( @ResultB)m 480 11168( @ResultC)m 480 10880(})m 240 fnt1 0 10386(The)m 451(choice)s 1155(is)s 1388(made)s 1986(to)s 2248(ensure)s 2952(that)s 3393(whate)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 4344(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5001(tar)s 4(get)k 5624(is)s 5857(required)s 6735(at)s 6990(the)s 7362(moment)s 8229(is)s 8463(found.)s 0 10098(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k 1304(if)s 1522(we)s 1858(are)s 2206(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluating)k 220 fnt2 3244 10095(@OneOf)m 240 fnt1 4172 10098(as)m 4423(part)s 4855(of)s 5127(an)s 5411(attempt)s 6188(to)s 6428(attach)s 7056(a)s 7223(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7858(whose)s 8527(tar)s 4(get)k 0 9810(is)m 220 fnt2 222 9807(@SomeT)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 1622 9810(,)m 1741(then)s 2223(the)s 2583(result)s 3186(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 3820(will)s 4259(be)s 220 fnt2 4553 9807(@ResultA)m 240 fnt1 5613 9810(if)m 5843(it)s 6047(contains)s 220 fnt2 6908 9807(@SomeT)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 8308 9810(,)m 8427(or)s 8699(else)s 220 fnt2 0 9519(@ResultB)m 240 fnt1 1042 9522(if)m 1260(it)s 1453(contains)s 220 fnt2 2302 9519(@SomeT)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 3702 9522(,)m 3810(or)s 4070(else)s 220 fnt2 4498 9519(@ResultC)m 240 fnt1 5552 9522(\(whether)m 6462(or)s 6722(not)s 7089(it)s 7282(contains)s 8131(the)s 8480(tar)s 4(get,)k 0 9234(or)m 259(if)s 476(there)s 1009(is)s 1219(no)s 1512(tar)s 4(get\).)k 480 8860(Use)m 930(of)s 220 fnt2 1224 8857(@OneOf)m 240 fnt1 2174 8860(in)m 2440(conjunction)s 3650(with)s 4155(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5100(symbols)s 5972(can)s 6384(lead)s 6863(to)s 7125(problems.)s 8202(Consider)s 0 8572(this)m 396(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt2 480 8071(def @Recursiv)m 5(e {)k 480 7495( def @ChoiceA { @APlace // @Recursiv)m 5(e })k 480 6919( def @ChoiceB { @BPlace // @Recursiv)m 5(e })k 480 6343( @OneOf {)m 480 6055( @ChoiceA)m 480 5767( @ChoiceB)m 480 5479( })m 480 5191(})m 240 fnt1 0 4697(Lout)m 523(belie)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 1360(that)s 1790(e)s 3(xpanding)k 220 fnt2 2849 4694(@Recursiv)m 5(e)k 240 fnt1 4106 4697(is)m 4328(the)s 4687(right)s 5210(thing)s 5767(to)s 6017(do)s 6322(when)s 6910(searching)s 7890(for)s 8240(either)s 8855(of)s 0 4409(the)m 380(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1046(tar)s 4(gets)k 220 fnt2 1762 4406(@APlace)m 240 fnt1 2763 4409(and)m 220 fnt2 3199 4406(@BPlace)m 240 fnt1 4108 4409(.)m 4305(When)s 4966(searching)s 5968(for)s 220 fnt2 6338 4406(@BPlace)m 240 fnt1 7339 4409(this)m 7768(leads)s 8342(Lout)s 8887(to)s 0 4121(e)m 3(xpand)k 220 fnt2 760 4118(@Recursiv)m 5(e)k 240 fnt1 1945 4121(,)m 2065(then)s 220 fnt2 2547 4118(@ChoiceA)m 240 fnt1 3596 4121(,)m 3717(then)s 4199(the)s 220 fnt2 4560 4118(@Recursiv)m 5(e)k 240 fnt1 5818 4121(symbol)m 6592(within)s 220 fnt2 7273 4118(@ChoiceA)m 240 fnt1 8322 4121(,)m 8442(and)s 8860(so)s 0 3833(on)m 320(in\207nitely)s 15(.)k 1355(This)s 1854(problem)s 2734(can)s 3146(be)s 3451(a)s 4(v)k 4(oided)k 4283(by)s 4600(attaching)s 5552(a)s 220 fnt2 5741 3830(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 7291 3833(symbol)m 8074(to)s 8336(each)s 8855(of)s 0 3545(the)m 357(inner)s 220 fnt2 918 3542(@Recursiv)m 5(e)k 240 fnt1 2172 3545(symbols:)m 3146(these)s 3703(are)s 4059(then)s 4538(not)s 4914(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5831(for)s 6179(e)s 3(xpansion)k 7214(until)s 7716(a)s 7892(decision)s 8756(has)s 0 3257(been)m 510(made)s 1085(to)s 1326(e)s 3(xpand)k 2074(the)s 2424(symbol)s 3185(the)s 3(y)k 3650(lie)s 3945(within.)s 4721(In)s 4979(this)s 5376(particular)s 6352(e)s 3(xample)k 7216(it)s 7410(w)s 2(ould)k 8066(be)s 8350(simpler)s 0 2969(to)m 239(write)s 220 fnt2 480 2517(def @Recursiv)m 5(e {)k 480 1941( @OneOf {)m 480 1653( @APlace)m 480 1365( @BPlace)m 480 1077( })m 480 789( // @Recursiv)m 5(e)k 480 501(})m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 63 69 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1578(3.30.)m 1991(@OneOf)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1581(63)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13370 0 13261 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13207(b)m 4(ut)k 378(this)s 791(f)s 2(actoring)k 1720(is)s 1947(not)s 2329(possible)s 3186(when)s 3778(the)s 4143(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5081(calls)s 5586(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6103(parameters)s 7218(that)s 7652(are)s 8016(required)s 8887(to)s 0 12919(dif)m 6(fer)k 583(in)s 826(the)s 1174(tw)s 2(o)k 1584(cases.)s 240 fnt5 0 12175(3.31.)m 591(@Next)s [ /Dest /LOUTnext /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_next_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 535 11743(The)m 220 fnt2 957 11740(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 1676 11743(symbol)m 2430(returns)s 3138(its)s 3409(parameter)s 4417(plus)s 4861(one.)s 5366(It)s 5565(is)s 5769(rather)s 6380(cle)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 7008(at)s 7234(w)s 2(orking)k 8078(this)s 8468(out:)s 8934(it)s 0 11455(hunts)m 570(through)s 1372(the)s 1720(parameter)s 2734(from)s 3258(right)s 3769(to)s 4008(left,)s 4432(looking)s 5217(for)s 5555(a)s 5721(number)s 6512(to)s 6751(increment:)s 220 fnt2 480 10954(@Ne)m 6(xt \(3.99\))k 240 fnt1 0 10458(has)m 404(result)s 1029(\(3.100\).)s 1925(If)s 220 fnt2 2190 10455(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 2949 10458(cannot)m 3681(\207nd)s 4147(a)s 4348(digit)s 4880(inside)s 5542(its)s 5852(parameter)s 9(,)k 6939(it)s 7166(is)s 7410(an)s 7728(error)s 13(.)k 8377(Roman)s 0 10170(numerals)m 925(are)s 1270(handled)s 2084(by)s 2376(storing)s 3091(them)s 3627(in)s 3868(a)s 4032(database,)s 4960(as)s 5208(e)s 3(xplained)k 6191(in)s 6432(Section)s 7204(4.2;)s 220 fnt2 7614 10167(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 8336 10170(will)m 8760(not)s 0 9882(increment)m 1015(a)s 1181(Roman)s 1930(numeral.)s 240 fnt5 0 9139(3.32.)m 591(@Case)s [ /Dest /LOUTcase /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_case_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_case_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 540 8707(The)m 220 fnt2 968 8704(@Case)m 240 fnt1 1755 8707(symbol)m 2515(selects)s 3202(its)s 3478(result)s 4068(from)s 4592(a)s 4758(list)s 5109(of)s 5380(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(es,)k 6578(depending)s 7629(on)s 7926(a)s 8092(tag:)s 220 fnt2 480 8206(@Da)m 6(y @Case {)k 480 7918( { 1 21 31 } @Y)m 4(ield st)k 480 7630( { 2 22 } @Y)m 4(ield nd)k 480 7342( { 3 23 } @Y)m 4(ield rd)k 480 7054( else @Y)m 4(ield th)k 480 6766(})m 240 fnt1 0 6272(In)m 257(this)s 654(e)s 3(xample)k 1518(the)s 1868(result)s 2459(will)s 2886(be)s 3169(st)s 3390(if)s 220 fnt2 3608 6269(@Da)m 6(y)k 240 fnt1 4274 6272(is)m 4485(1,)s 4714(21,)s 5062(or)s 5322(31,)s 5670(and)s 6076(nd)s 6375(if)s 220 fnt2 6593 6269(@Da)m 6(y)k 240 fnt1 7259 6272(is)m 7471(2)s 7646(or)s 7906(22,)s 8254(etc.)s 8698(The)s 0 5984(ef)m 6(fect)k 594(is)s 801(similar)s 1520(to)s 1756(accessing)s 2722(a)s 2885(database,)s 3812(though)s 4532(in)s 4773(a)s 4936(more)s 5480(compact)s 6347(form.)s 6972(The)s 7397(right)s 7905(parameter)s 8916(is)s 0 5696(a)m 171(sequence)s 1109(of)s 220 fnt2 1385 5693(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 2143 5696(symbols,)m 3053(each)s 3553(with)s 4040(a)s 4211(left)s 4594(parameter)s 5613(whose)s 6286(v)s 6(alue)k 6859(is)s 7074(a)s 7245(sequence)s 8183(of)s 8459(one)s 8867(or)s 0 5408(more)m 547(juxtapositions)s 1940(of)s 2211(simple)s 2904(w)s 2(ords,)k 3594(and)s 3998(a)s 4164(right)s 4675(parameter)s 5689(which)s 6331(may)s 6797(be)s 7079(an)s 3(y)k 7476(object.)s 480 5034(W)m 19(e)k 895(\207rst)s 1372(describe)s 2271(the)s 2665(beha)s 4(viour)k 3725(when)s 4347(the)s 4742(v)s 6(alue)k 5356(of)s 5674(the)s 6068(left)s 6492(parameter)s 7552(of)s 220 fnt2 7870 5031(@Case)m 240 fnt1 8703 5034(is)m 8960(a)s 0 4746(juxtaposition)m 1302(of)s 1568(one)s 1965(or)s 2220(more)s 2762(simple)s 3450(w)s 2(ords.)k 4193(Then)s 4737(the)s 5080(result)s 5666(of)s 5932(the)s 220 fnt2 6275 4743(@Case)m 240 fnt1 7058 4746(is)m 7263(the)s 7606(right)s 8112(parameter)s 0 4458(of)m 287(the)s 652(\207rst)s 220 fnt2 1100 4455(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 1870 4458(whose)m 2554(left)s 2948(parameter)s 3979(contains)s 4844(either)s 5463(the)s 5828(v)s 6(alue)k 6413(of)s 6701(the)s 7065(left)s 7459(parameter)s 8490(of)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 4167(@Case)m 240 fnt1 727 4170(,)m 834(or)s 1093(the)s 1441(special)s 2159(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 2727 4167(else)m 240 fnt1 3121 4170(.)m 3285(If)s 3515(there)s 4048(is)s 4258(no)s 4551(such)s 220 fnt2 5047 4167(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 5800 4170(it)m 5992(is)s 6202(an)s 6485(error)s 13(.)k 480 3796(When)m 1133(the)s 1506(left)s 1908(parameter)s 2946(of)s 220 fnt2 3242 3793(@Case)m 240 fnt1 4054 3796(is)m 4288(not)s 4679(a)s 4870(juxtaposition)s 6200(of)s 6496(simple)s 7214(w)s 2(ords,)k 7928(the)s 8301(result)s 8916(is)s 0 3508(the)m 350(right)s 864(parameter)s 1881(of)s 2155(the)s 2506(\207rst)s 220 fnt2 2940 3505(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 3696 3508(whose)m 4367(left)s 4746(parameter)s 5763(is)s 220 fnt2 5976 3505(else)m 240 fnt1 6370 3508(,)m 6480(or)s 6742(an)s 7028(error)s 7554(otherwise.)s 8650(This)s 0 3220(permits)m 767(e)s 3(xamples)k 1718(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 480 2719(@RunningTitle @Case {)m 480 2431( dft @Y)m 4(ield @Title)k 480 2143( else @Y)m 4(ield @RunningTitle)k 480 1855(})m 240 fnt1 0 1361(where)m 661(a)s 848(running)s 1667(title)s 2115(is)s 2346(returned)s 3221(unless)s 3892(it)s 4105(has)s 4496(the)s 4866(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 5455 1358(dft)m 240 fnt1 5776 1361(\(which)m 6519(presumably)s 7710(means)s 8393(that)s 8833(no)s 0 1073(running)m 798(title)s 1224(w)s 2(as)k 1645(supplied\),)s 2642(in)s 2885(which)s 3527(case)s 3994(an)s 4277(ordinary)s 5141(title)s 5567(is)s 5777(returned)s 6631(instead.)s 480 699(When)m 1127(a)s 1311(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2251(symbol)s 3029(is)s 3257(placed)s 3957(within)s 4643(a)s 220 fnt2 4827 696(@Case)m 240 fnt1 5554 699(,)m 5679(it)s 5889(should)s 6604(be)s 6904(included)s 7804(in)s 8065(each)s 8579(alter)s 4(-)k 0 411(nati)m 6(v)k 3(e,)k 695(since)s 1255(otherwise)s 2254(Basser)s 2964(Lout)s 3490(may)s 3969(become)s 4783(confused)s 5718(when)s 6308(trying)s 6945(to)s 7198(predict)s 7934(whether)s 8778(the)s 0 123(symbol)m 755(will)s 1176(be)s 1453(a)s 1613(part)s 2039(of)s 2305(the)s 2648(result)s 3232(or)s 3486(not.)s 3951(Alternati)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(,)k 5288(if)s 5500(it)s 5687(can)s 6071(be)s 6347(guaranteed)s 7449(that)s 7862(the)s 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 64 70 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(64)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(symbol)m 764(will)s 1195(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 1782(be)s 2069(searched)s 2967(for)s 3310(when)s 3891(the)s 4244(cases)s 4804(that)s 5226(it)s 5423(does)s 5918(not)s 6289(lie)s 6587(within)s 7260(are)s 7612(selected,)s 8493(that)s 8916(is)s 0 12917(all)m 293(right)s 804(too.)s 240 fnt5 0 12124(3.33.)m 591(@Moment)s [ /Dest /LOUTmoment /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11692(The)m 908(prede\207ned)s 1976(symbol)s 220 fnt2 2736 11689(@Moment)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_mome_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 3808 11692(has)m 4178(the)s 4526(follo)s 6(wing)k 5503(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt2 480 11191(def @Moment)m 480 10903( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 10615( named @Second {})m 480 10327( named @Min)m 2(ute {})k 480 10039( named @Hour {})m 480 9751( named @Da)m 6(y {})k 480 9463( named @Month {})m 480 9175( named @Y)m 30(ear {})k 480 8887( named @Centur)m -6(y {})k 480 8599( named @W)m 6(eekDa)k 6(y {})k 480 8311( named @Y)m 30(earDa)k 6(y {})k 480 8023( named @Da)m 6(ylightSa)k 4(ving {})k 480 7735({})m 240 fnt1 0 7241(It)m 208(may)s 677(be)s 962(used)s 1463(lik)s 2(e)k 1878(an)s 3(y)k 2278(other)s 2832(symbol.)s 3705(Lout)s 4220(pro)s 3(vides)k 5095(an)s 5381(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6439(of)s 220 fnt2 6713 7238(@Moment)m 240 fnt1 7788 7241(with)m 8273(tag)s 220 fnt2 8622 7238(no)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 9019 7241(,)m 0 6953(whose)m 668(other)s 1219(parameters)s 2317(are)s 2664(numbers)s 3539(encoding)s 4470(the)s 4818(current)s 5554(date)s 6008(and)s 6412(time:)s 220 fnt2 480 6388(@Second)m 240 fnt1 2482 6391(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(second,)s 4338(usually)s 5083(between)s 5937(00)s 6232(and)s 6636(59)s 220 fnt2 480 6057(@Min)m 2(ute)k 240 fnt1 2482 6060(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(minute,)s 4337(between)s 5191(00)s 5486(and)s 5890(59)s 220 fnt2 480 5747(@Hour)m 240 fnt1 2482 5750(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(hour)s 9(,)k 4103(between)s 4957(00)s 5252(and)s 5656(23)s 220 fnt2 480 5437(@Da)m 6(y)k 240 fnt1 2482 5440(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(day)s 3966(of)s 4237(the)s 4585(month,)s 5304(between)s 6158(1)s 6313(and)s 6717(31)s 220 fnt2 480 5108(@Month)m 240 fnt1 2482 5111(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(month,)s 4285(between)s 5139(1)s 5294(\(January\))s 6245(and)s 6649(12)s 6943(\(December\))s 220 fnt2 480 4779(@Y)m 30(ear)k 240 fnt1 2482 4782(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(year)s 4037(of)s 4308(the)s 4656(century)s 15(,)k 5465(between)s 6319(00)s 6614(and)s 7018(99)s 220 fnt2 480 4450(@Centur)m -6(y)k 240 fnt1 2482 4453(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(century)s 15(,)k 4375(e.g.)s 4765(19)s 5056(or)s 5315(20)s 220 fnt2 480 4121(@W)m 6(eekDa)k 6(y)k 240 fnt1 2482 4124(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(day)s 3966(of)s 4237(the)s 4585(week,)s 5197(between)s 6051(1)s 6206(\(Sunday\))s 7132(and)s 7536(7)s 7704(\(Saturday\))s 220 fnt2 480 3790(@Y)m 30(earDa)k 6(y)k 240 fnt1 2482 3793(the)m 2830(current)s 3566(day)s 3966(of)s 4237(the)s 4585(year)s 9(,)k 5094(between)s 5948(0)s 6123(and)s 6527(365)s 220 fnt2 480 3461(@Da)m 6(ylightSa)k 4(ving)k 240 fnt1 2482 3464(an)m 2784(implementation-dependent)s 5427(number)s 6237(that)s 6675(may)s 7160(encode)s 7914(the)s 8282(daylight)s 2482 3176(sa)m 4(ving)k 3156(currently)s 4072(in)s 4315(ef)s 6(fect)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_mome_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 2615(Unix)m 519(manual)s 1262(entries)s 1934(state)s 2411(that)s 220 fnt2 2814 2612(@Second)m 240 fnt1 3813 2615(can)m 4186(be)s 4453(as)s 4687(high)s 5155(as)s 5389(61,)s 5720(to)s 5944(allo)s 6(w)k 6507(for)s 6830(leap)s 7265(seconds.)s 8171(Judicious)s 0 2327(use)m 375(of)s 646(databases)s 1613(can)s 2002(con)s 9(v)k 3(ert)k 2767(these)s 3314(numbers)s 4189(into)s 4614(useful)s 5253(dates.)s 5908(F)s 3(or)k 6297(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 1826(@Moment&&no)m 3(w @Open { @Da)k 6(y {@Months&&@Month}, @Centur)k -6(y{@Y)k 30(ear} })k 240 fnt1 0 1328(produces)m 915(something)s 1965(lik)s 2(e)k 2377(18)s 2664(June,)s 3210(2023)s 3734(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 4314(a)s 4480(suitable)s 5279(database)s 6158(of)s 6429(months.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 65 71 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.34.)m 1991(@Null)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(65)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13412 0 13412 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt5 0 13247(3.34.)m 591(@Null)s [ /Dest /LOUTnull /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 12815(This)m 979(symbol)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_null_1 /DEST pdfmark 1762(pro)s 3(vides)k 2657(a)s 2846(con)s 9(v)k 3(enient)k 3967(w)s 2(ay)k 4441(to)s 4703(remo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 5493(unw)s 2(anted)k 6503(concatenation)s 7911(symbols.)s 8896(If)s 0 12527(there)m 544(is)s 765(a)s 942(concatenation)s 2339(symbol)s 3110(preceding)s 220 fnt2 4117 12524(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4702 12527(,)m 4821(the)s 220 fnt2 5180 12524(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5836 12527(and)m 6252(the)s 6611(concatenation)s 8007(symbol)s 8779(are)s 0 12239(both)m 482(deleted.)s 1335(Otherwise,)s 2423(if)s 2638(there)s 3170(is)s 3379(a)s 3544(follo)s 6(wing)k 4519(concatenation)s 5903(symbol,)s 6714(it)s 6905(and)s 7307(the)s 220 fnt2 7654 12236(@Null)m 240 fnt1 8298 12239(are)m 8643(both)s 0 11951(deleted.)m 794(Otherwise,)s 220 fnt2 1883 11948(@Null)m 240 fnt1 2528 11951(becomes)m 3416(an)s 3699(empty)s 4351(object.)s 480 11577(These)m 1107(rules)s 1622(apply)s 2208(to)s 2447(a)s 2613(fully)s 3118(parenthesized)s 4490(v)s 3(ersion)k 5248(of)s 5519(the)s 5867(e)s 3(xpression.)k 7051(F)s 3(or)k 7440(e)s 3(xample,)k 8354(in)s 220 fnt2 480 11076(...)m 13( //1vx @Null |0.5i ...)k 240 fnt1 0 10621(it)m 202(is)s 423(the)s 782(horizontal)s 1817(concatenation)s 3213(symbol)s 3984(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 4972 10618(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5628 10621(that)m 6057(disappears,)s 7184(because)s 8008(in)s 8262(the)s 8621(fully)s 0 10333(parenthesized)m 1372(v)s 3(ersion)k 220 fnt2 480 9832(...)m 13( //1vx { @Null |0.5i ...)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 9338(there)m 533(is)s 743(no)s 1036(concatenation)s 2421(symbol)s 3181(preceding)s 4177(the)s 220 fnt2 4525 9335(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5110 9338(.)m 240 fnt5 0 8545(3.35.)m 591(@Galley)s 1534(and)s 1975(@F)s 6(or)k 4(ceGalley)k [ /Dest /LOUTgalley /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8068(These)m 1131(symbols)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_gall_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_gall_2 /DEST pdfmark 2004(both)s 2511(act)s 2874(as)s 3148(a)s 3338(placeholder)s 4538(for)s 4900(a)s 5090(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 5844(That)s 6366(is,)s 6656(the)s 3(y)k 7144(may)s 7634(be)s 7940(replaced)s 8832(by)s 0 7780(components)m 1210(of)s 1483(a)s 1651(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 2383(In)s 2641(the)s 2991(case)s 3460(of)s 220 fnt2 3734 7777(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 5189 7780(the)m 5539(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6175(will)s 6604(then)s 7075(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7578(a)s 7746(forcing)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 7492(ef)m 6(fect)k 583(at)s 802(this)s 1184(point)s 1723(although)s 2604(it)s 2783(need)s 3280(not)s 3632(be)s 3901(declared)s 4754(using)s 220 fnt2 5313 7489(f)m 6(orce into)k 240 fnt1 6202 7492(.)m 6353(See)s 6740(Section)s 7501(2.7)s 7835(for)s 8160(a)s 8312(detailed)s 0 7204(discussion)m 1054(of)s 1325(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 2105(forcing)s 2848(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 3628(and)s 4032(tar)s 4(gets.)k 240 fnt5 0 6411(3.36.)m 591(@BeginHeaderComponent,)s 3466(@EndHeaderComponent,)s 6182(@SetHeaderComponent,)s 591 6123(and)m 1032(@ClearHeaderComponent)s [ /Dest /LOUTheader_comp /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 5646(Informally)m 15(,)k 1597(header)s 2298(components)s 3510(are)s 3861(running)s 4663(headers)s 5448(that)s 5871(appear)s 6572(at)s 6808(the)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_1 /DEST pdfmark 7160(top)s 7523(of)s 7798(the)s 8151(displayed)s 0 5358(se)m 3(gments)k 936(of)s 1204(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 2039(The)s 3(y)k 2579(are)s 2923(used,)s 3467(for)s 3802(e)s 3(xample,)k 4714(by)s 5005(the)s 220 fnt2 5350 5355(@Tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt1 5917 5358(table)m 6434(formatting)s 7493(package)s 8330(to)s 8566(place)s 0 5070(running)m 798(headers)s 1579(at)s 1811(the)s 2159(top)s 2518(of)s 2789(each)s 3284(page)s 3792(of)s 4063(a)s 4229(multi-page)s 5320(table,)s 5891(after)s 6387(the)s 6735(\207rst)s 7166(page.)s 480 4696(F)m 3(ormally)k 15(,)k 1431(a)s 1583(header)s 2266(component)s 3376(of)s 3633(a)s 3785(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4405(is)s 4601(an)s 4870(ordinary)s 5720(component)s 6830(of)s 7087(a)s 7239(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7859(\(Section)s 8698(2.7\))s 0 4408(together)m 845(with)s 1330(an)s 1616(indication)s 2631(that)s 3052(the)s 3403(component)s 4530(is)s 4742(a)s 4911(header)s 5611(component.)s 6841(When)s 7473(printed,)s 8260(a)s 8429(header)s 0 4120(component)m 1125(looks)s 1696(e)s 3(xactly)k 2438(lik)s 2(e)k 2851(it)s 3045(w)s 2(ould)k 3701(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4203(done)s 4726(as)s 4977(an)s 5262(ordinary)s 6127(component;)s 7304(the)s 7653(dif)s 6(ference)k 8671(is)s 8883(in)s 0 3832(whether)m 830(the)s 1178(component)s 2302(is)s 2512(printed)s 3247(at)s 3479(all,)s 3824(and)s 4228(if)s 4445(so)s 4711(where.)s 480 3458(Ev)m 3(ery)k 1109(non-header)s 2253(component)s 3384(of)s 3663(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 4246(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4888(has)s 5266(associated)s 6313(with)s 6803(it)s 7002(a)s 7176(sequence)s 8116(of)s 8395(zero)s 8867(or)s 0 3170(more)m 553(header)s 1257(components.)s 2585(Whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 3625(a)s 3798(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4439(attaches)s 5266(to)s 5511(a)s 5684(tar)s 4(get,)k 6337(and)s 6748(the)s 7102(tar)s 4(get)k 7708(does)s 8205(not)s 8578(itself)s 0 2882(occup)m 2(y)k 736(an)s 1010(entire)s 1601(component)s 2716(of)s 2979(the)s 3318(enclosing)s 4280(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 4943(copies)s 5597(of)s 5859(the)s 6199(header)s 6887(components)s 8086(associated)s 0 2594(with)m 482(the)s 830(\207rst)s 1261(ordinary)s 2125(component)s 3249(to)s 3488(be)s 3770(promoted)s 4745(into)s 5170(that)s 5588(tar)s 4(get)k 6187(are)s 6534(promoted)s 7509(into)s 7934(it)s 8126(\207rst.)s 480 2220(The)m 914(condition)s 1881(`and)s 2370(the)s 2724(tar)s 4(get)k 3329(does)s 3825(not)s 4197(itself)s 4751(occup)s 2(y)k 5501(an)s 5790(entire)s 6395(component)s 7525(of)s 7802(the)s 8156(enclosing)s 0 1932(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y')k 704(ensures)s 1484(that,)s 1961(for)s 2311(e)s 3(xample,)k 3237(when)s 3825(part)s 4268(of)s 4551(a)s 4729(section)s 5475(has)s 5857(header)s 6566(components,)s 7842(these)s 8401(are)s 8760(not)s 0 1644(printed)m 739(where)s 1384(the)s 1736(section)s 2475(is)s 2689(promoted)s 3669(into)s 4098(its)s 4379(chapter)s 9(,)k 5184(b)s 4(ut)k 5551(rather)s 6171(where)s 6816(the)s 7168(chapter)s 7936(is)s 8151(promoted)s 0 1356(onto)m 481(pages.)s 1193(If)s 1426(the)s 1777(tar)s 4(get)k 2379(occupies)s 3269(the)s 3620(whole)s 4264(component,)s 5438(then)s 5910(the)s 6260(incoming)s 7220(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7857(will)s 8286(not)s 8655(split)s 0 1068(at)m 232(all,)s 577(so)s 843(headers)s 1624(w)s 2(ould)k 2279(be)s 2561(of)s 2832(no)s 3125(interest)s 3887(there.)s 480 694(The)m 896(one)s 1286(remaining)s 2295(question)s 3151(is)s 3348(`Ho)s 6(w)k 3929(is)s 4126(the)s 4462(sequence)s 5383(of)s 5641(header)s 6326(components)s 7521(of)s 7780(each)s 8262(ordinary)s 0 406(component)m 1124(determined?')s 2477(By)s 2812(def)s 2(ault,)k 3580(the)s 3928(header)s 4626(components)s 5834(of)s 6106(one)s 6508(component)s 7632(are)s 7980(the)s 8328(same)s 8876(as)s 0 118(those)m 561(of)s 832(the)s 1180(pre)s 6(vious)k 2049(component.)s 3277(W)s 19(e)k 3646(can)s 4035(sho)s 6(w)k 4589(this)s 4985(graphically)s 6114(as)s 6364(follo)s 6(ws:)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 66 72 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Symbol %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(66)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13261 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt6 480 13209(C)m 168 fnt6 645 13122(i)m 240 fnt4 773 13201(:)m 240 fnt6 903 13209(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 13116(1)m 240 fnt4 1164 13201(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 13209(H)m 168 fnt4 1454 13116(2)m 240 fnt4 1546 13201(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt6 2058 13209(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 13122(n)m 240 fnt6 480 12921(/)m 480 12633(C)m 168 fnt6 645 12546(i)m 168 fnt4 711 12540(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt4 974 12625(:)m 240 fnt6 1104 12633(H)m 168 fnt4 1287 12540(1)m 240 fnt4 1365 12625(,)m 240 fnt6 1472 12633(H)m 168 fnt4 1655 12540(2)m 240 fnt4 1747 12625(,)m 1854(\274)s 2152(,)s 240 fnt6 2259 12633(H)m 168 fnt6 2442 12546(n)m 240 fnt1 0 12089(which)m 642(may)s 1108(be)s 1391(read:)s 1908(`If)s 2217(ordinary)s 3082(component)s 240 fnt6 4206 12091(C)m 168 fnt6 4371 12035(i)m 240 fnt1 4475 12089(has)m 4846(header)s 5543(component)s 6667(sequence)s 240 fnt6 7601 12091(H)m 168 fnt4 7784 12029(1)m 240 fnt4 7862 12083(,)m 240 fnt6 7969 12091(H)m 168 fnt4 8152 12028(2)m 240 fnt4 8244 12083(,)m 8351(\274)s 8649(,)s 240 fnt6 8756 12091(H)m 168 fnt6 8939 12035(n)m 240 fnt1 9019 12089(,)m 0 11801(then)m 468(its)s 742(successor)s 1717(component)s 240 fnt6 2839 11803(C)m 168 fnt6 3004 11747(i)m 168 fnt4 3070 11741(+)m 3183(1)s 240 fnt1 3308 11801(has)m 3676(header)s 4372(component)s 5494(sequence)s 240 fnt6 6426 11803(H)m 168 fnt4 6609 11741(1)m 240 fnt4 6687 11795(,)m 240 fnt6 6794 11803(H)m 168 fnt4 6977 11740(2)m 240 fnt4 7069 11795(,)m 7176(\274)s 7474(,)s 240 fnt6 7581 11803(H)m 168 fnt6 7764 11747(n)m 240 fnt1 7902 11801(also.)m 16(')k 8501(Using)s 0 11513(this)m 396(notation,)s 1287(we)s 1622(may)s 2088(no)s 6(w)k 2549(de\207ne)s 3190(the)s 3538(four)s 3996(symbols)s 4845(that)s 5263(af)s 6(fect)k 5859(header)s 6556(component)s 7680(sequences:)s 240 fnt6 480 11014(C)m 168 fnt6 645 10927(i)m 240 fnt4 773 11006(:)m 240 fnt6 903 11014(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 10921(1)m 240 fnt4 1164 11006(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 11014(H)m 168 fnt4 1454 10921(2)m 240 fnt4 1546 11006(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt6 2058 11014(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 10927(n)m 240 fnt6 480 10726(/)m 480 10438(gap)m 220 fnt2 905 10433(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 3609 10438(H)m 168 fnt6 3792 10351(n)m 168 fnt4 3894 10345(+)m 4007(1)s 240 fnt6 480 10150(/)m 480 9862(C)m 168 fnt6 645 9775(i)m 168 fnt4 711 9769(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt4 974 9854(:)m 240 fnt6 1104 9862(H)m 168 fnt4 1287 9769(1)m 240 fnt4 1365 9854(,)m 240 fnt6 1472 9862(H)m 168 fnt4 1655 9769(2)m 240 fnt4 1747 9854(,)m 1854(\274)s 2152(,)s 240 fnt6 2259 9862(H)m 168 fnt6 2442 9775(n)m 240 fnt4 2534 9854(,)m 240 fnt6 2641 9862(H)m 168 fnt6 2824 9775(n)m 168 fnt4 2926 9769(+)m 3039(1)s 240 fnt1 0 9318(That)m 478(is,)s 220 fnt2 723 9315(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 3394 9318(occup)m 2(ying)k 4422(an)s 4684(entire)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_2 /DEST pdfmark 5263(component)s 6366(appends)s 7181(a)s 7326(header)s 8002(component)s 0 9030(to)m 255(the)s 619(sequence)s 1568(of)s 1856(the)s 2220(follo)s 6(wing)k 3213(ordinary)s 4093(components.)s 5431(When)s 6076(printed,)s 6876(this)s 7288(header)s 8002(component)s 0 8742(is)m 217(separated)s 1184(by)s 240 fnt6 1485 8744(gap)m 240 fnt1 1905 8742(from)m 2436(the)s 2792(follo)s 6(wing)k 3776(component;)s 4959(if)s 240 fnt6 5183 8744(gap)m 240 fnt1 5603 8742(is)m 5820(empty)s 6480(it)s 6679(denotes)s 220 fnt2 7468 8739(0ie)m 240 fnt1 7819 8742(as)m 8076(usual)s 8644(with)s 0 8454(concatenation)m 1391(g)s 1(aps.)k 2000(The)s 2434(appearance)s 3572(of)s 3850(the)s 4204(header)s 4908(component)s 6039(will)s 6471(be)s 6760(e)s 3(xactly)k 7508(as)s 7764(it)s 7963(w)s 2(ould)k 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 8166(been)m 509(had)s 913(it)s 1105(occurred)s 1999(alone)s 2573(at)s 2805(that)s 3223(point,)s 3822(rather)s 4438(than)s 4907(after)s 220 fnt2 5403 8163(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 8035 8166(.)m 480 7792(Ne)m 3(xt)k 1002(comes)s 220 fnt2 1664 7789(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4126 7792(:)m 240 fnt6 480 7297(C)m 168 fnt6 645 7210(i)m 240 fnt4 773 7289(:)m 240 fnt6 903 7297(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 7204(1)m 240 fnt4 1164 7289(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 7297(H)m 168 fnt4 1454 7204(2)m 240 fnt4 1546 7289(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt6 2058 7297(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 7210(n)m 240 fnt4 2333 7289(,)m 240 fnt6 2440 7297(H)m 168 fnt6 2623 7210(n)m 168 fnt4 2725 7204(+)m 2838(1)s 240 fnt6 480 7009(/)m 220 fnt2 480 6716(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 480 6433(/)m 480 6145(C)m 168 fnt6 645 6058(i)m 168 fnt4 711 6052(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt4 974 6137(:)m 240 fnt6 1104 6145(H)m 168 fnt4 1287 6052(1)m 240 fnt4 1365 6137(,)m 240 fnt6 1472 6145(H)m 168 fnt4 1655 6052(2)m 240 fnt4 1747 6137(,)m 1854(\274)s 2152(,)s 240 fnt6 2259 6145(H)m 168 fnt6 2442 6058(n)m 240 fnt1 0 5601(That)m 520(is,)s 220 fnt2 809 5598(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 3353 5601(\(which)m 4097(has)s 4490(no)s 4805(parameters\))s 6003(occup)s 2(ying)k 7074(an)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_3 /DEST pdfmark 7380(entire)s 8002(component)s 0 5313(deletes)m 722(the)s 1078(last)s 1477(header)s 2182(component.)s 3418(If)s 3656(the)s 4012(sequence)s 4953(is)s 5171(empty)s 15(,)k 5869(a)s 6043(w)s 2(arning)k 6886(message)s 7760(is)s 7978(printed)s 8722(and)s 0 5025(it)m 193(remains)s 1002(empty)s 15(.)k 220 fnt2 1751 5022(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4445 5025(and)m 220 fnt2 4851 5022(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 7375 5025(are)m 7724(naturally)s 8629(used)s 0 4737(in)m 243(matching)s 1186(\(possibly)s 2117(nested\))s 2856(pairs,)s 3427(to)s 3666(introduce)s 4625(and)s 5029(subsequently)s 6333(retract)s 7001(a)s 7167(header)s 7864(component.)s 480 4363(Ne)m 3(xt)k 1002(comes)s 220 fnt2 1664 4360(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4065 4363(:)m 240 fnt6 480 3868(C)m 168 fnt6 645 3781(i)m 240 fnt4 773 3860(:)m 240 fnt6 903 3868(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 3775(1)m 240 fnt4 1164 3860(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 3868(H)m 168 fnt4 1454 3775(2)m 240 fnt4 1546 3860(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt6 2058 3868(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 3781(n)m 240 fnt6 480 3580(/)m 480 3292(gap)m 220 fnt2 905 3287(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 3378 3292(H)m 168 fnt6 3561 3205(n)m 168 fnt4 3663 3199(+)m 3776(1)s 240 fnt6 480 3004(/)m 480 2716(C)m 168 fnt6 645 2629(i)m 168 fnt4 711 2623(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt4 974 2708(:)m 240 fnt6 1104 2716(H)m 168 fnt6 1287 2629(n)m 168 fnt4 1389 2623(+)m 1502(1)s 220 fnt2 0 2169(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 2461 2172(clears)m 3068(an)s 3(y)k 3465(current)s 4201(header)s 4898(components)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_4 /DEST pdfmark 6107(and)s 6511(replaces)s 7344(them)s 7882(by)s 8176(one)s 8578(of)s 8850(its)s 0 1884(o)m 6(wn.)k 571(Finally)s 1302(we)s 1637(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 2138 1881(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 4733 1884(:)m 240 fnt6 480 1385(C)m 168 fnt6 645 1298(i)m 240 fnt4 773 1377(:)m 240 fnt6 903 1385(H)m 168 fnt4 1086 1292(1)m 240 fnt4 1164 1377(,)m 240 fnt6 1271 1385(H)m 168 fnt4 1454 1292(2)m 240 fnt4 1546 1377(,)m 1653(\274)s 1951(,)s 240 fnt6 2058 1385(H)m 168 fnt6 2241 1298(n)m 240 fnt6 480 1097(/)m 220 fnt2 480 804(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt6 480 521(/)m 480 233(C)m 168 fnt6 645 146(i)m 168 fnt4 711 140(+)m 824(1)s 240 fnt4 974 225(:)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 67 73 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Courier /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Courier /Courierfnt9 vec2 /Courier LoutRecode /fnt9 { /Courierfnt9 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.36.)m 1991(@Be)s 9(ginHeaderComponent,)k 4777(@EndHeaderComponent,)s 7400(@SetHeaderComponent,)s 1991 -1868(and)m 2417(@ClearHeaderComponent)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(67)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13080 0 13080 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 12917(This)m 466(symbol)s 1216(clears)s 1813(an)s 3(y)k 2200(header)s 2886(components,)s 4140(lea)s 4(ving)k 4883(the)s 5221(sequence)s 6143(empty)s 15(.)k 6880(These)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_5 /DEST pdfmark 7497(last)s 7878(tw)s 2(o)k 8277(symbols)s 0 12629(combine)m 879(less)s 1286(cleanly)s 2029(than)s 2496(the)s 2843(\207rst)s 3272(tw)s 2(o)k 3681(\(either)s 4361(will)s 4786(wreck)s 5429(an)s 3(y)k 5825(enclosing)s 220 fnt2 6793 12626(@BeginHeaderCompo-)m 0 12338(nent)m 240 fnt1 491 12341(\211)m 220 fnt2 679 12338(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 3209 12341(pair\),)m 3774(b)s 4(ut)k 4145(the)s 3(y)k 4616(are)s 4971(useful)s 5618(in)s 5869(situations)s 6845(where)s 7493(the)s 7849(range)s 8444(of)s 8724(one)s 0 12053(header)m 697(is)s 907(terminated)s 1986(by)s 2280(the)s 2628(start)s 3098(of)s 3369(the)s 3717(range)s 4304(of)s 4575(the)s 4923(ne)s 3(xt.)k 480 11679(All)m 859(four)s 1337(symbols)s 2206(yield)s 2761(the)s 3129(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 3717 11676(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4382 11679(where)m 5041(the)s 3(y)k 5524(appear)s 13(.)k 6332(If)s 6582(the)s 3(y)k 7064(do)s 7377(not)s 7763(occup)s 2(y)k 8527(entire)s 0 11391(components)m 1208(of)s 1479(their)s 1976(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 2648(the)s 3(y)k 3111(are)s 3458(silently)s 4215(ignored.)s 480 11017(Owing)m 1186(to)s 1426(limitations)s 2499(in)s 2743(the)s 3092(w)s 2(ay)k 3544(header)s 4242(components)s 5451(are)s 5799(implemented,)s 7155(the)s 7504(follo)s 6(wing)k 8482(object)s 0 10729(types)m 547(are)s 885(not)s 1242(allo)s 6(wed)k 2042(inside)s 2660(them,)s 3236(and)s 3631(Basser)s 4319(Lout)s 4821(will)s 5238(complain)s 6176(and)s 6571(quit)s 6994(if)s 7202(it)s 7385(\207nds)s 7893(an)s 3(y)k 8281(of)s 8542(them:)s 0 10441(g)m 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 772(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1686(or)s 1936(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2850(symbols,)s 3747(cross)s 4280(references,)s 220 fnt2 5359 10438(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt1 6608 10441(,)m 220 fnt2 6707 10438(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 7820 10441(,)m 220 fnt2 7918 10438(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 9019 10441(,)m 220 fnt2 0 10150(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 958 10153(,)m 220 fnt2 1091 10150(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 2037 10153(,)m 2171(and)s 220 fnt2 2602 10150(@Scale)m 240 fnt1 3452 10153(when)m 4054(it)s 4273(has)s 4670(an)s 4980(empty)s 5659(left)s 6062(parameter)s 13(.)k 7134(In)s 7417(addition,)s 8335(if)s 8579(more)s 0 9865(than)m 498(three)s 1061(copies)s 1753(of)s 2054(the)s 2432(same)s 3008(running)s 3836(header)s 4563(are)s 4940(printed)s 5705(on)s 6031(the)s 6409(same)s 6986(page,)s 7575(their)s 8102(horizontal)s 0 9577(positions)m 919(will)s 1350(become)s 2155(confused,)s 3131(probably)s 4040(resulting)s 4934(in)s 5182(the)s 5535(apparent)s 6422(disappearance)s 7837(of)s 8113(all)s 8411(b)s 4(ut)k 8778(the)s 0 9289(last)m 402(three)s 947(copies.)s 1733(\(The)s 2252(magic)s 2900(number)s 3703(3)s 3878(can)s 4279(be)s 4572(increased)s 5544(by)s 5849(recompiling)s 7069(the)s 7428(Lout)s 7952(source)s 8644(with)s 0 9001(the)m 220 fnt9 348 9009(MAX_HCOPIES)m 240 fnt1 1860 9001(constant)m 2717(increased.\))s 240 fnt5 0 8218(3.37.)m 591(@NotRe)s 3(v)k 2(ealed)k [ /Dest /LOUTnotrevealed /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 7786(The)m 220 fnt2 938 7783(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 2495 7786(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_notr_1 /DEST pdfmark 3285(e)s 3(x)k 3(erts)k 3931(\207ne)s 4376(control)s 5138(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 5647(the)s 6026(process)s 6824(of)s 7125(e)s 3(xpanding)k 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 7498(symbols.)m 955(It)s 1152(may)s 1611(appear)s 2300(only)s 2773(within)s 3433(the)s 3774(body)s 4300(of)s 4564(a)s 4722(de\207nition,)s 5739(immediately)s 6979(follo)s 6(wing)k 7949(the)s 8289(name)s 8855(of)s 0 7210(a)m 166(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1088(symbol.)s 1957(F)s 3(or)k 2346(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt2 480 6709(def A { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 6133(def B { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 5557(def ABList)m 480 5269({)m 480 4981( A)m 480 4693( // B @NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 480 4405( // ABList)m 480 4117(})m 240 fnt1 0 3623(The)m 424(meaning)s 1297(is)s 1503(that)s 1916(the)s 2260(symbol)s 3016(immediately)s 4259(preceding)s 220 fnt2 5251 3620(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 6718 3623(,)m 220 fnt2 6821 3620(B)m 240 fnt1 7015 3623(in)m 7253(this)s 7645(e)s 3(xample,)k 8555(is)s 8760(not)s 0 3335(re)m 6(v)k 3(ealed)k 851(to)s 1083(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1800(which)s 2435(encounter)s 220 fnt2 3431 3332(ABList)m 240 fnt1 4113 3335(while)m 4693(searching)s 5655(for)s 5986(tar)s 4(gets;)k 6723(to)s 6955(such)s 7444(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 8161(it)s 8345(appears)s 0 3047(that)m 220 fnt2 408 3044(ABList)m 240 fnt1 1086 3047(contains)m 220 fnt2 1923 3044(A)m 240 fnt1 2116 3047(only)m 15(,)k 2624(not)s 220 fnt2 2979 3044(B)m 240 fnt1 3117 3047(,)m 3213(hence)s 3816(only)s 4286(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 4999(tar)s 4(geted)k 5811(to)s 220 fnt2 6039 3044(A)m 240 fnt1 6233 3047(will)m 6648(e)s 3(xpand)k 220 fnt2 7384 3044(ABList)m 240 fnt1 8013 3047(.)m 8166(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 0 2759(after)m 220 fnt2 496 2756(ABList)m 240 fnt1 1185 2759(is)m 1395(e)s 3(xpanded)k 2368(by)s 2662(such)s 3158(a)s 3324(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 220 fnt2 3996 2756(B)m 240 fnt1 4194 2759(will)m 4620(be)s 4902(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5810(as)s 6060(a)s 6226(tar)s 4(get)k 6825(in)s 7068(the)s 7416(usual)s 7976(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 480 2385(Apart)m 1081(from)s 1602(this)s 1994(meaning,)s 220 fnt2 2922 2382(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 4445 2385(has)m 4812(no)s 5102(ef)s 6(fect)k 5694(at)s 5923(all,)s 6264(and)s 6665(the)s 7010(body)s 7540(of)s 7808(the)s 8152(de\207nition)s 0 2097(may)m 501(be)s 819(understood)s 1976(by)s 2306(deleting)s 220 fnt2 3164 2094(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 4727 2097(and)m 5166(an)s 3(y)k 5599(preceding)s 6630(space.)s 7361(Thus,)s 7982(the)s 8366(symbol)s 0 1809(preceding)m 220 fnt2 1001 1806(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 2533 1809(may)m 3004(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3510(named)s 4211(and)s 4620(right)s 5136(parameters)s 6239(in)s 6487(the)s 6840(usual)s 7405(w)s 2(ay;)k 7919(these)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 1521(follo)m 6(w)k 672(after)s 1168(the)s 220 fnt2 1516 1518(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 3043 1521(symbol.)m 480 1147(This)m 944(symbol)s 1692(w)s 2(as)k 2101(introduced)s 3169(to)s 3396(o)s 3(v)k 3(ercome)k 4377(a)s 4530(problem)s 5375(with)s 5845(\210oating)s 6616(\207gures)s 7306(treated)s 8001(as)s 8238(displays.)s 0 859(It)m 205(turned)s 874(out)s 1240(to)s 1479(be)s 1761(essential)s 2638(to)s 2877(specify)s 3621(the)s 3969(layout)s 4627(of)s 4898(a)s 5064(column)s 5839(\(in)s 6161(part\))s 6660(as)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 68 74 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(68)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 12919(// @FigurePlace)m 480 12631(// @BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 12343(// @FigurePlace)m 480 12055(// @BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 480 11767(...)m 240 fnt1 0 11316(so)m 256(that)s 664(\207gures)s 1355(could)s 1935(alternate)s 2801(with)s 3273(body)s 3797(te)s 3(xt)k 4201(do)s 6(wn)k 4775(the)s 5112(column.)s 5984(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 6934(some)s 7484(means)s 8136(w)s 2(as)k 8546(need-)s 0 11028(ed)m 291(to)s 538(ensure)s 1226(that)s 1652(in)s 1903(the)s 2259(absence)s 3080(of)s 3359(an)s 3(y)k 3764(\207gures)s 4474(there)s 5015(could)s 5613(only)s 6101(be)s 6391(one)s 220 fnt2 6801 11025(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 8527 11028(in)m 8778(the)s 0 10740(column,)m 831(since)s 1385(otherwise)s 2377(v)s 6(arious)k 3132(problems)s 4080(arose,)s 4698(for)s 5042(e)s 3(xample)k 5912(the)s 220 fnt2 6267 10737(@NP)m 240 fnt1 6851 10740(symbol)m 7618(merely)s 8342(causing)s 0 10452(a)m 174(skip)s 634(from)s 1167(one)s 220 fnt2 1577 10449(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 3303 10452(to)m 3551(the)s 3907(ne)s 3(xt)k 4385(in)s 4636(the)s 4992(same)s 5548(column,)s 6381(rather)s 7006(than)s 7483(to)s 7730(the)s 8087(\207rst)s 8526(in)s 8778(the)s 0 10164(ne)m 3(xt)k 490(column.)s 1394(Also,)s 1974(without)s 2787(this)s 3204(feature)s 3944(the)s 4314(optimal)s 5120(page)s 5650(break)s 2(er')k 13(s)k 6595(attempts)s 7477(to)s 7737(end)s 8163(a)s 8351(column)s 0 9876(early)m 545(w)s 2(ould)k 1214(be)s 1510(frustrated)s 2496(by)s 2805(Lout)s 3331(then)s 3814(disco)s 3(v)k 3(ering)k 4991(that)s 5423(plenty)s 6090(of)s 6375(space)s 6976(e)s 3(xisted)k 7722(at)s 7968(a)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 0 9585(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 1703 9588(in)m 1931(the)s 2263(same)s 2795(column.)s 3662(The)s 4074(solution)s 4887(is)s 5082(based)s 5669(on)s 220 fnt2 5951 9585(ABList)m 240 fnt1 6625 9588(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e;)k 7287(each)s 7767(occurrence)s 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 9297(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xtPlace)k 240 fnt1 1712 9300(after)m 2201(a)s 220 fnt2 2361 9297(@FigurePlace)m 240 fnt1 3798 9300(is)m 4002(not)s 4361(re)s 6(v)k 3(ealed)k 5213(in)s 5449(the)s 5791(enclosing)s 6754(de\207nition,)s 7772(and)s 8169(so)s 8428(cannot)s 0 9012(be)m 282(found)s 899(by)s 1193(body)s 1727(te)s 3(xt)k 2142(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 2866(unless)s 3515(a)s 3680(\207gure)s 4294(has)s 4664(pre)s 6(viously)k 5722(attached)s 6576(to)s 6815(the)s 7163(preceding)s 220 fnt2 8158 9009(@Figure-)m 0 8721(Place)m 240 fnt1 540 8724(.)m 240 fnt5 0 7977(3.38.)m 591(The)s 1046(cr)s 4(oss)k 1614(r)s 4(efer)k 4(ence)k 2616(symbols)s 3494(&&)s 3941(and)s 4382(&&&)s [ /Dest /LOUTcrossref /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 7500(The)m 941(cross)s 1516(reference)s 2493(symbol)s 220 fnt2 3286 7497(&&)m 240 fnt1 3668 7500(tak)m 2(es)k 4241(the)s 4623(name)s 5230(of)s 5534(a)s 5734(symbol)s 6527(\(not)s 7006(an)s 7322(object\))s 8068(for)s 8439(its)s 8749(left)s 0 7212(parameter)m 9(,)k 1068(and)s 1489(an)s 1788(object)s 2449(whose)s 3134(v)s 6(alue)k 3718(must)s 4260(be)s 4559(a)s 4741(simple)s 5451(w)s 2(ord,)k 6064(or)s 6340(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 7079(simple)s 7788(w)s 2(ords,)k 8495(for)s 8850(its)s 0 6924(right)m 519(parameter)s 13(.)k 1633(The)s 2069(result)s 2668(is)s 2887(a)s 3061(cross)s 3612(reference,)s 4615(which)s 5265(may)s 5740(be)s 6030(thought)s 6831(of)s 7111(as)s 7369(an)s 7661(arro)s 6(w)k 8275(pointing)s 0 6636(from)m 524(the)s 872(cross)s 1414(reference)s 2357(symbol)s 3117(to)s 3356(the)s 3704(be)s 3(ginning)k 4712(of)s 4983(an)s 5266(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6320(of)s 6591(the)s 6939(named)s 7635(symbol.)s 480 6262(The)m 894(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1934(pointed)s 2696(to,)s 2975(kno)s 6(wn)k 3665(as)s 3901(the)s 240 fnt6 4235 6264(tar)m 8(g)k 2(et)k 240 fnt1 4846 6262(of)m 5103(the)s 5437(cross)s 5965(reference,)s 6945(is)s 7141(generally)s 8070(one)s 8458(whose)s 220 fnt2 0 5971(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 643 5974(parameter)m 1677(has)s 2067(v)s 6(alue)k 2655(equal)s 3248(to)s 3507(the)s 3875(right)s 4406(parameter)s 5440(of)s 5731(the)s 6099(cross)s 6661(reference)s 7624(symbol.)s 8513(Three)s 0 5686(special)m 759(tags,)s 220 fnt2 1292 5683(preceding)m 240 fnt1 2243 5686(,)m 220 fnt2 2391 5683(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 3221 5686(,)m 3369(and)s 220 fnt2 3814 5683(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt1 4948 5686(,)m 5097(point)s 5690(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 6930(to)s 7210(the)s 7599(\207rst)s 8072(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 0 5398(preceding)m 1006(the)s 1365(cross)s 1918(reference)s 2872(in)s 3126(the)s 3485(\207nal)s 3976(printed)s 4721(document,)s 5783(to)s 6033(the)s 6392(\207rst)s 6834(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7899(follo)s 6(wing)k 8887(it,)s 0 5110(and)m 404(to)s 643(the)s 991(\207rst)s 1422(follo)s 6(wing)k 2399(it)s 2591(if)s 2808(such)s 3304(e)s 3(xists)k 3896(else)s 4323(to)s 4562(the)s 4910(\207rst)s 5341(preceding)s 6337(it.)s 480 4736(A)m 709(cross)s 1249(reference)s 2190(may)s 2654(be)s 2935(used)s 3430(in)s 3671(four)s 4127(w)s 2(ays:)k 4782(where)s 5420(an)s 5701(object)s 6343(is)s 6552(e)s 3(xpected,)k 7504(in)s 7745(which)s 8385(case)s 8850(its)s 0 4448(v)m 6(alue)k 576(is)s 795(a)s 970(cop)s 2(y)k 1497(of)s 1777(the)s 2134(tar)s 4(get;)k 2794(with)s 3285(the)s 220 fnt2 3642 4445(@Open)m 240 fnt1 4457 4448(and)m 220 fnt2 4870 4445(@Use)m 240 fnt1 5544 4448(symbols;)m 6463(with)s 6954(the)s 220 fnt2 7311 4445(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt1 8309 4448(symbol;)m 0 4160(and)m 414(in)s 667(the)s 220 fnt2 1025 4157(into)m 240 fnt1 1441 4160(clause)m 2105(or)s 220 fnt2 2374 4157(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 3271 4160(symbol)m 4041(of)s 4323(a)s 4499(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5143(de\207nition,)s 6177(in)s 6430(which)s 7083(case)s 7560(the)s 7918(v)s 6(alue)k 8496(of)s 8778(the)s 0 3872(tag)m 345(must)s 870(be)s 220 fnt2 1152 3869(preceding)m 240 fnt1 2103 3872(,)m 220 fnt2 2210 3869(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 3040 3872(,)m 3147(or)s 220 fnt2 3406 3869(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt1 4540 3872(.)m 480 3498(W)m 9(ithin)k 1233(an)s 220 fnt2 1557 3495(into)m 240 fnt1 2004 3498(clause)m 2698(or)s 220 fnt2 2999 3495(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 3927 3498(symbol,)m 4780(the)s 5169(alternati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 6265(form)s 220 fnt2 6830 3495(&&&)m 240 fnt1 7365 3498(is)m 7616(acceptable)s 8722(and)s 0 3210(indicates)m 900(a)s 1066(forcing)s 1809(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2443(\(Section)s 3296(2.7\).)s 480 2836(Except)m 1203(within)s 1870(an)s 220 fnt2 2151 2833(into)m 240 fnt1 2556 2836(clause)m 3208(or)s 220 fnt2 3465 2833(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 4351 2836(symbol,)m 5162(the)s 5508(symbol)s 6267(referred)s 7078(to)s 7315(must)s 7839(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8339(a)s 220 fnt2 8503 2833(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 0 2548(parameter)m 13(.)k 1100(This)s 1570(is)s 1775(so)s 2035(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2530(if)s 2741(the)s 3084(right)s 3589(parameter)s 4597(of)s 4863(the)s 5205(cross)s 5742(reference)s 6679(is)s 220 fnt2 6884 2545(preceding)m 240 fnt1 7835 2548(,)m 220 fnt2 7936 2545(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 8766 2548(,)m 8867(or)s 220 fnt2 0 2257(f)m 6(oll_or_prec)k 240 fnt1 1134 2260(.)m 240 fnt5 0 1471(3.39.)m 591(@T)s 22(agged)k [ /Dest /LOUTtagged /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 994(The)m 220 fnt2 924 991(@T)m 26(agged)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_tagg_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 1929 994(symbol)m 2705(tak)s 2(es)k 3261(a)s 3444(cross)s 4002(reference)s 4961(for)s 5315(its)s 5607(left)s 6001(parameter)s 7031(and)s 7451(an)s 7750(object,)s 8458(whose)s 0 706(v)m 6(alue)k 565(must)s 1087(be)s 1366(a)s 1528(juxtaposition)s 2831(of)s 3099(simple)s 3788(w)s 2(ords,)k 4475(or)s 4731(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 5450(w)s 2(ords,)k 6136(or)s 6392(an)s 6672(empty)s 7320(object,)s 8008(for)s 8343(its)s 8615(right)s 0 418(parameter)m 13(.)k 1104(It)s 1307(has)s 1675(the)s 2021(ef)s 6(fect)k 2615(of)s 2885(attaching)s 3812(its)s 4086(right)s 4595(parameter)s 5607(as)s 5856(an)s 6137(additional)s 7146(tag)s 7489(to)s 7726(the)s 8072(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 0 130(denoted)m 819(by)s 1117(its)s 1397(left)s 1778(parameter)s 9(,)k 2834(unless)s 3487(the)s 3839(right)s 4353(parameter)s 5371(is)s 5585(empty)s 15(,)k 6279(in)s 6526(which)s 7172(case)s 220 fnt2 7643 127(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt1 8636 130(does)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 69 75 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.39.)m 1991(@T)s 22(a)k 2(g)k 2(g)k 2(ed)k 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(69)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(nothing.)m 896(The)s 1324(result)s 1914(of)s 220 fnt2 2185 13202(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt1 3174 13205(is)m 3384(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 220 fnt2 4095 13202(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4680 13205(,)m 4787(which)s 5429(mak)s 2(es)k 6089(it)s 6281(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 7340(in)s 9(visible.)k 240 fnt5 0 12412(3.40.)m 591(@Open and @Use)s [ /Dest /LOUTopen /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 11935(The)m 220 fnt2 904 11932(@Open)m 240 fnt1 1706 11935(symbol)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_open_1 /DEST pdfmark 2462(tak)s 2(es)k 2998(a)s 3159(cross)s 3697(reference)s 4636(or)s 4891(symbol)s 5647(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6696(for)s 7030(its)s 7302(left)s 7675(parameter)s 9(,)k 8722(and)s 0 11647(an)m 269(arbitrary)s 1130(object,)s 1807(which)s 2435(must)s 2946(be)s 3214(enclosed)s 4095(in)s 4324(braces,)s 5027(for)s 5351(its)s 5613(right)s 6110(parameter)s 13(.)k 7201(The)s 7615(right)s 8112(parameter)s 0 11359(may)m 462(refer)s 966(to)s 1201(the)s 1544(e)s 3(xported)k 2432(parameters)s 3525(and)s 3925(nested)s 4589(de\207nitions)s 5646(of)s 5912(the)s 6256(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7305(denoted)s 8117(by)s 8406(the)s 8749(left)s 0 11071(parameter)m 9(,)k 1050(and)s 1452(its)s 1725(v)s 6(alue)k 2291(is)s 2499(the)s 220 fnt2 2844 11068(@Open)m 240 fnt1 3648 11071(symbol')m 13(s)k 4560(result.)s 5252(The)s 5678(tar)s 4(get)k 6274(of)s 6543(the)s 6889(cross)s 7428(reference)s 8369(may)s 8832(lie)s 0 10783(in)m 234(an)s 507(e)s 3(xternal)k 1318(database)s 2187(\(Section)s 3031(3.42\).)s 3684(An)s 3(y)k 4138(symbol)s 4888(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5787(outside)s 6524(the)s 220 fnt2 6862 10780(@Open)m 240 fnt1 7658 10783(which)m 8290(happens)s 0 10495(to)m 239(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 741(the)s 1089(same)s 1637(name)s 2212(as)s 2462(one)s 2865(of)s 3137(the)s 3485(symbols)s 4335(made)s 4910(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5818(by)s 6113(the)s 220 fnt2 6462 10492(@Open)m 240 fnt1 7268 10495(will)m 7695(be)s 7978(una)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 0 10207(within)m 668(the)s 220 fnt2 1016 10204(@Open)m 240 fnt1 1762 10207(.)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_open_2 /DEST pdfmark 538 9833(The)m 220 fnt2 963 9830(@Use)m 240 fnt1 1625 9833(symbol)m 2382(is)s 2589(an)s 220 fnt2 2869 9830(@Open)m 240 fnt1 3672 9833(symbol)m 4429(in)s 4669(a)s 4832(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5704(form.)s 6329(It)s 6531(may)s 6994(only)s 7471(appear)s 8165(among)s 8867(or)s 0 9545(after)m 502(the)s 857(de\207nitions)s 1925(in)s 2175(Lout')s 13(s)k 2844(input,)s 3450(and)s 3861(it)s 4060(is)s 4277(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 5328(to)s 5574(enclosing)s 6551(the)s 6906(remainder)s 7941(of)s 8219(the)s 8574(input)s 0 9257(in)m 243(an)s 220 fnt2 526 9254(@Open)m 240 fnt1 1332 9257(symbol.)m 2201(F)s 3(or)k 2590(e)s 3(xample,)k 240 fnt6 480 8754(de\207nitions)m 220 fnt2 480 8461(@Use)m 1145({)s 240 fnt6 1269 8466(x)m 220 fnt2 1435 8461(})m 480 8173(@Use)m 1145({)s 240 fnt6 1269 8178(y)m 220 fnt2 1431 8173(})m 240 fnt6 480 7890(r)m 8(est)k 894(of)s 1175(input)s 240 fnt1 0 7389(is)m 210(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 1254(to)s 240 fnt6 480 6886(de\207nitions)m 480 6598(x)m 220 fnt2 646 6593(@Open)m 480 6305({)m 240 fnt6 960 6310(y)m 220 fnt2 1122 6305(@Open)m 960 6017({)m 240 fnt6 1084 6022(r)m 8(est)k 1498(of)s 1779(input)s 220 fnt2 960 5729(})m 480 5441(})m 240 fnt1 0 4947(The)m 220 fnt2 424 4944(@Use)m 240 fnt1 1085 4947(symbol)m 1841(allo)s 6(ws)k 2506(a)s 2668(set)s 2989(of)s 3256(standard)s 4120(packages)s 5044(to)s 5279(be)s 5557(opened)s 6303(without)s 7090(the)s 7434(incon)s 9(v)k 3(enience)k 8855(of)s 0 4659(enclosing)m 974(the)s 1327(entire)s 1931(document)s 2939(in)s 220 fnt2 3187 4656(@Open)m 240 fnt1 3998 4659(symbols.)m 4964(Such)s 5505(enclosure)s 6482(could)s 7076(cause)s 7668(Basser)s 8370(Lout)s 8887(to)s 0 4371(run)m 376(out)s 742(of)s 1013(memory)s 15(.)k 240 fnt5 0 3578(3.41.)m 591(@LinkSour)s 4(ce,)k 2120(@LinkDest,)s 3400(and)s 3841(@URLLink)s [ /Dest /LOUTlink_source /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 3107(The)m 949(tw)s 2(o)k 1400(symbols)s 220 fnt2 2290 3104(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 3703 3107(and)m 220 fnt2 4148 3104(@LinkDest)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_link_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_link_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 5322 3107(w)m 2(ork)k 5914(together)s 6798(to)s 7078(create)s 240 fnt6 7744 3109(cr)m 10(oss)k 8335(links)s 240 fnt1 8883 3107(in)m 0 2819(a)m 202(document,)s 1290(that)s 1745(is,)s 2048(points)s 2721(where)s 3398(a)s 3601(user)s 4096(vie)s 6(wing)k 4951(the)s 5336(document)s 6377(on)s 6711(screen)s 7415(can)s 7841(click)s 8403(and)s 8844(be)s 0 2531(transported)m 1132(to)s 1369(another)s 2144(point)s 2695(in)s 2936(the)s 3282(document.)s 4389(W)s 19(e)k 4756(call)s 5153(the)s 5500(point)s 6050(where)s 6688(the)s 7035(user)s 7491(clicks)s 8097(the)s 240 fnt6 8443 2533(sour)m 8(ce)k 240 fnt1 0 2243(of)m 271(the)s 619(link,)s 1098(and)s 1502(the)s 1850(point)s 2402(where)s 3042(the)s 3390(user)s 3848(arri)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 4539(the)s 240 fnt6 4887 2245(destination)m 240 fnt1 6004 2243(of)m 6275(the)s 6623(link.)s 480 1869(T)m 19(o)k 780(create)s 1405(a)s 1571(source)s 2251(point,)s 2850(place)s 240 fnt6 480 1366(ta)m 2(g)k 220 fnt2 838 1361(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt6 2210 1366(object)m 240 fnt1 0 863(at)m 228(some)s 785(point)s 1332(in)s 1571(the)s 1915(document,)s 2961(where)s 3597(the)s 3941(v)s 6(alue)k 4504(of)s 240 fnt6 4771 865(ta)m 2(g)k 240 fnt1 5124 863(is)m 5330(a)s 5492(le)s 3(g)k 1(al)k 6002(cross)s 6540(reference)s 7479(tag,)s 7873(and)s 240 fnt6 8273 865(object)m 240 fnt1 8916 863(is)m 0 575(an)m 279(arbitrary)s 1149(Lout)s 1657(object.)s 2400(The)s 2823(result)s 3409(of)s 3675(this)s 4066(is)s 4272(just)s 240 fnt6 4672 577(object)m 240 fnt1 5260 575(,)m 5363(b)s 4(ut)k 5720(if)s 5932(the)s 6276(user)s 6729(of)s 6995(a)s 7157(screen)s 7819(vie)s 6(wer)k 8518(clicks)s 0 287(on)m 297(an)s 3(y)k 694(point)s 1246(within)s 1914(the)s 2262(rectangular)s 3396(bounding)s 4355(box)s 4770(of)s 5041(that)s 5459(object,)s 6150(a)s 6316(link)s 6749(will)s 7175(be)s 7457(entered.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 70 76 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(70)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13203(At)m 799(present,)s 240 fnt6 1616 13205(object)m 240 fnt1 2285 13203(abo)m 3(v)k 3(e)k 2927(is)s 3158(treated)s 3885(as)s 4156(though)s 4899(it)s 5111(were)s 5652(enclosed)s 6567(in)s 220 fnt2 6831 13200(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 7783 13203(.)m 7967(This)s 8464(means)s 0 12915(that)m 420(a)s 589(long)s 1071(link)s 1507(source)s 2190(or)s 2452(destination)s 3561(point)s 4116(will)s 4545(not)s 4914(break)s 5509(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 5991(tw)s 2(o)k 6404(lines)s 6909(as)s 7162(part)s 7596(of)s 7870(an)s 8156(enclosing)s 0 12627(paragraph.)m 480 12253(T)m 19(o)k 780(create)s 1405(a)s 1571(destination)s 2677(point,)s 3276(place)s 240 fnt6 480 11750(ta)m 2(g)k 220 fnt2 838 11745(@LinkDest)m 240 fnt6 1970 11750(object)m 240 fnt1 0 11247(at)m 221(some)s 771(point)s 1312(in)s 1544(the)s 1881(document.)s 2978(Ag)s 1(ain,)k 240 fnt6 3658 11249(ta)m 2(g)k 240 fnt1 4005 11247(must)m 4519(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k 5348(to)s 5576(a)s 5731(le)s 3(g)k 1(al)k 6235(cross)s 6766(reference)s 7698(tag,)s 8086(and)s 240 fnt6 8478 11249(object)m 240 fnt1 0 10959(may)m 469(be)s 755(an)s 3(y)k 1156(Lout)s 1672(object.)s 2424(All)s 220 fnt2 2788 10956(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 4164 10959(symbols)m 5017(whose)s 5689(tag)s 6038(is)s 6252(equal)s 6829(to)s 7072(this)s 7472(one)s 7878(are)s 8229(link)s 2(ed)k 8887(to)s 0 10671(this)m 396(destination)s 1502(point.)s 480 10297(F)m 3(or)k 907(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 1521(source)s 2239(point)s 2829(there)s 3400(must)s 3963(be)s 4283(e)s 3(xactly)k 5062(one)s 5502(destination)s 6646(point)s 7236(with)s 7756(the)s 8142(same)s 8727(tag,)s 0 10009(otherwise)m 1016(it)s 1240(will)s 1697(not)s 2095(be)s 2408(clear)s 2963(where)s 3634(the)s 4014(link)s 4479(is)s 4720(supposed)s 5702(to)s 5972(tak)s 2(e)k 6456(the)s 6835(user)s 13(.)k 7416(Lout)s 7959(will)s 8417(print)s 8960(a)s 0 9721(w)m 2(arning)k 829(if)s 1040(this)s 1430(condition)s 2384(is)s 2588(violated)s 3410(an)s 3(ywhere;)k 4443(it)s 4628(will)s 5048(refuse)s 5681(to)s 5914(insert)s 6497(a)s 6657(destination)s 7757(point)s 8303(with)s 8778(the)s 0 9433(same)m 555(name)s 1138(as)s 1397(a)s 1571(pre)s 6(vious)k 2449(one,)s 2911(b)s 4(ut)k 3282(it)s 3482(is)s 3701(not)s 4076(able)s 4539(to)s 4786(refrain)s 5487(from)s 6020(inserting)s 6918(a)s 7092(source)s 7781(point)s 8342(with)s 8833(no)s 0 9145(corresponding)m 1430(destination)s 2544(point,)s 3152(and)s 3564(such)s 4068(points)s 4713(must)s 5246(cause)s 5842(errors)s 6457(of)s 6736(some)s 7306(kind)s 7798(when)s 8383(vie)s 6(wed)k 0 8857(\(e)m 3(xactly)k 820(what)s 1345(error)s 1868(will)s 2294(depend)s 3044(on)s 3341(the)s 3689(vie)s 6(wer\).)k 480 8483(The)m 220 fnt2 915 8480(@URLLink)m 240 fnt1 2045 8483(symbol)m 2812(is)s 3029(similar)s 3758(to)s 220 fnt2 4004 8480(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 5383 8483(in)m 5633(being)s 6225(the)s 6580(source)s 7267(point)s 7826(of)s 8104(a)s 8277(link,)s 8764(b)s 4(ut)k 0 8195(instead)m 735(of)s 1006(a)s 1172(tag)s 1517(you)s 1932(supply)s 2625(a)s 2791(URL)s 3327(to)s 3566(some)s 4127(other)s 4678(document)s 5682(altogether:)s 220 fnt2 480 7694("http://snar)m -3(k.ptc.spb)k 4(u.r)k -3(u/~uw)k 2(e/lout/lout.html" @URLLink { Lout Home P)k 8(age })k 240 fnt1 0 7195(The)m 445(URL)s 999(will)s 1443(need)s 1970(to)s 2227(be)s 2527(enclosed)s 3439(in)s 3700(quotes,)s 4450(because)s 5280(of)s 5569(the)s 5935(/)s 6080(characters)s 7116(which)s 7776(are)s 8141(otherwise)s 0 6907(tak)m 2(en)k 591(to)s 849(be)s 1150(concatenation)s 2553(operations.)s 3732(As)s 4068(for)s 220 fnt2 4425 6904(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 5737 6907(,)m 5862(the)s 6229(result)s 6838(is)s 7067(just)s 7490(the)s 7857(object)s 8520(to)s 8778(the)s 0 6619(right,)m 558(lik)s 2(e)k 970(this:)s [ /Rect [480 6069 2091 6279] /Border [0 0 0] /Action << /Subtype /URI /URI (http://snark.ptc.spbu.ru/~uwe/lout/lout.html) >> /Subtype /Link /ANN pdfmark 480 6121(Lout)m 992(Home)s 1633(P)s 3(age)k 0 5618(b)m 4(ut)k 373(if)s 601(the)s 960(user)s 1429(clicks)s 2048(on)s 2356(this)s 2763(object)s 3418(on)s 3726(the)s 4086(screen)s 4764(the)s 3(y)k 5238(enter)s 5786(a)s 5963(link)s 6407(that)s 6836(tak)s 2(es)k 7387(them)s 7936(to)s 8186(the)s 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 0 5330(URL)m 530(location,)s 1401(assuming)s 2352(that)s 2764(the)s 3106(softw)s 2(are)k 3976(which)s 4612(the)s 3(y)k 5069(are)s 5410(using)s 5976(to)s 6209(display)s 6948(the)s 7290(document)s 8288(is)s 8492(cle)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 0 5042(enough)m 763(to)s 1002(do)s 1295(this.)s 480 4668(F)m 3(or)k 920(the)s 1320(purposes)s 2274(of)s 220 fnt2 2596 4665(@Common)m 240 fnt1 3695 4668(,)m 220 fnt2 3854 4665(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 4654 4668(,)m 4813(and)s 220 fnt2 5269 4665(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 5955 4668(,)m 6113(tw)s 2(o)k 220 fnt2 6575 4665(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 7999 4668(objects)m 8779(are)s 0 4380(considered)m 1092(to)s 1328(be)s 1608(equal)s 2178(if)s 2393(their)s 2887(right)s 3396(parameters)s 4491(are)s 4836(equal;)s 5463(the)s 5809(left)s 6183(parameters)s 7279(are)s 7623(not)s 7986(considered.)s 0 4092(This)m 480(beha)s 4(viour)k 1498(is)s 1713(needed,)s 2503(for)s 2846(e)s 3(xample,)k 3765(to)s 4009(mak)s 2(e)k 4586(inde)s 3(x)k 5175(entries)s 5867(look)s 6359(reasonable)s 7442(when)s 8023(melded.)s 8896(If)s 0 3804(tw)m 2(o)k 220 fnt2 420 3801(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 1803 3804(objects)m 2542(with)s 3035(equal)s 3619(right)s 4141(parameters)s 5250(b)s 4(ut)k 5623(dif)s 6(ferent)k 6509(left)s 6897(parameters)s 8006(are)s 8364(melded)s 0 3516(into)m 412(one,)s 851(one)s 1239(of)s 1497(the)s 1831(tw)s 2(o)k 2227(will)s 2639(be)s 2908(the)s 3242(result,)s 3865(b)s 4(ut)k 4214(which)s 4842(one)s 5230(is)s 5426(unde\207ned.)s 6522(Notice)s 7201(that)s 7605(melding)s 8428(cannot)s 0 3228(produce)m 827(an)s 1110(unde\207ned)s 2113(link,)s 2592(since)s 3139(the)s 3487(w)s 2(orst)k 4076(it)s 4268(can)s 4657(do)s 4950(is)s 5160(delete)s 5786(a)s 220 fnt2 5952 3225(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 7264 3228(.)m 480 2854(Practically)m 1595(speaking,)s 2594(the)s 2984(right)s 3536(parameters)s 4676(of)s 220 fnt2 4988 2851(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 6402 2854(and)m 220 fnt2 6847 2851(@URLLink)m 240 fnt1 8012 2854(need)m 8563(to)s 8844(be)s 0 2566(non-null,)m 941(non-empty)s 2055(objects,)s 2863(since)s 3433(otherwise)s 4442(there)s 4998(is)s 5232(nothing)s 6040(visible)s 6756(for)s 7118(the)s 7489(user)s 7971(to)s 8233(click)s 8782(on.)s 0 2278(\(This)m 542(condition)s 1489(is)s 1686(not)s 2038(check)s 2(ed)k 2865(or)s 3110(enforced)s 3991(by)s 4271(Lout.\))s 4958(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 5904(the)s 6239(right)s 6736(parameter)s 7737(of)s 220 fnt2 7994 2275(@LinkDest)m 240 fnt1 0 1990(could)m 588(reasonably)s 1676(be)s 1956(empty)s 2605(or)s 2862(null.)s 3396(Usually)s 15(,)k 4229(when)s 220 fnt2 4803 1987(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5446 1990(lies)m 5825(inside)s 6450(a)s 6614(non-concatenation)s 8435(object,)s 0 1702(for)m 338(e)s 3(xample)k 480 1199(@OneCol @Null)m 0 745(the)m 379(ef)s 6(fect)k 1007(of)s 1309(the)s 220 fnt2 1689 742(@Null)m 240 fnt1 2365 745(is)m 2607(lost)s 3043(\211)s 3255(the)s 3634(result)s 4256(in)s 4530(this)s 4958(e)s 3(xample)k 5852(is)s 6094(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 7169(to)s 7440(an)s 7754(empty)s 8438(object.)s 0 457(Ho)m 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 960(when)s 1536(the)s 1884(right)s 2395(parameter)s 3409(of)s 220 fnt2 3680 454(@LinkDest)m 240 fnt1 4812 457(is)m 220 fnt2 5022 454(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5607 457(:)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 71 77 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.41.)m 1991(@LinkSour)s 8(ce)k 2(,)k 3384(@LinkDest,)s 4560(and)s 4986(@URLLink)s 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(71)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13387 0 13278 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13224(@LinkDest @Null)m 0 12770(or)m 307(when)s 932(it)s 1173(is)s 1432(some)s 2042(object)s 2735(treated)s 3491(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 3952 12767(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4645 12770(by)m 4988(Lout)s 5549(\(e.g.)s 6067(a)s 220 fnt2 6282 12767(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt1 7320 12770(symbol\),)m 8260(then)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 12479(@LinkDest)m 240 fnt1 1121 12482(itself)m 1657(has)s 2016(the)s 2352(ef)s 6(fect)k 2937(on)s 3222(surrounding)s 4420(concatentation)s 5860(operators)s 6788(that)s 220 fnt2 7195 12479(@Null)m 240 fnt1 7828 12482(has,)m 8242(allo)s 6(wing)k 0 12194(it)m 192(to)s 431(be)s 713(made)s 1287(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 2346(in)s 9(visible)k 3216(in)s 3459(the)s 3807(printed)s 4542(document,)s 5593(though)s 6316(still)s 6728(really)s 7325(there.)s 240 fnt5 0 11401(3.42.)m 591(@Database and @SysDatabase)s [ /Dest /LOUTdatabase /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 529 10924(The)m 220 fnt2 945 10921(@Database)m 240 fnt1 2148 10924(symbol)m 2896(is)s 3095(used)s 3580(to)s 3808(declare)s 4541(the)s 4877(e)s 3(xistence)k 5808(of)s 6067(a)s 6222(\207le)s 6571(of)s 6831(symbol)s 7579(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 8708(that)s 0 10636(Lout)m 512(may)s 978(refer)s 1487(to)s 1726(when)s 2302(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluating)k 3339(cross)s 3881(references.)s 5025(In)s 5281(Basser)s 5978(Lout,)s 6537(for)s 6875(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 10135(@Database @Months @W)m 6(eekDa)k 6(ys { standard })k 240 fnt1 0 9637(means)m 690(that)s 1137(there)s 1698(is)s 1937(a)s 2131(\207le)s 2521(called)s 220 fnt2 3177 9634(standard.ld)m 240 fnt1 4339 9637(containing)m 5430(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 6600(of)s 6899(the)s 7276(pre)s 6(viously)k 8363(de\207ned)s 0 9349(symbols)m 220 fnt2 846 9346(@Months)m 240 fnt1 1838 9349(and)m 220 fnt2 2238 9346(@W)m 6(eekDa)k 6(ys)k 240 fnt1 3503 9349(.)m 3663(A)s 220 fnt2 3889 9346(@Database)m 240 fnt1 5100 9349(symbol)m 5856(may)s 6318(appear)s 7011(an)s 3(ywhere)k 7990(a)s 8152(de\207nition)s 0 9061(or)m 252(a)s 220 fnt2 411 9058(@Use)m 240 fnt1 1069 9061(symbol)m 1822(may)s 2281(appear)s 13(.)k 3062(Dif)s 6(ferent)k 3982(de\207nitions)s 5036(packages)s 5957(may)s 6416(refer)s 6918(to)s 7150(a)s 7309(common)s 8196(database,)s 0 8773(pro)m 3(vided)k 935(the)s 1312(de\207nitions)s 2402(the)s 3(y)k 2894(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3382(for)s 3749(its)s 4054(symbols)s 4932(are)s 5308(compatible.)s 6563(An)s 6942(entry)s 7516(is)s 7755(interpreted)s 8876(as)s 0 8485(though)m 756(it)s 981(appears)s 1795(at)s 2060(the)s 2441(point)s 3026(where)s 3699(the)s 4080(cross)s 4655(reference)s 5631(that)s 6082(retrie)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 6978(it)s 7203(does,)s 7782(which)s 8457(allo)s 6(ws)k 0 8197(symbols)m 866(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 1296 8194(@I)m 240 fnt1 1639 8197(for)m 220 fnt2 1995 8194(Slope @F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 3346 8197(to)m 3602(be)s 3902(used)s 4417(in)s 4678(databases.)s 5776(The)s 6221(database)s 7118(\207le)s 7497(may)s 7981(not)s 8365(contain)s 220 fnt2 0 7906(@Database)m 240 fnt1 1214 7909(or)m 220 fnt2 1473 7906(@Include)m 240 fnt1 2455 7909(symbols,)m 3360(and)s 3764(each)s 4259(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5313(within)s 5981(it)s 6173(must)s 6698(be)s 6980(enclosed)s 7875(in)s 8118(braces.)s 480 7535(Basser)m 1198(Lout)s 1732(constructs)s 2773(an)s 240 fnt6 3078 7537(inde)m 4(x)k 3674(\207le)s 240 fnt1 3959 7535(,)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_2 /DEST pdfmark 4087(which)s 4751(in)s 5016(this)s 5433(e)s 3(xample)k 6318(is)s 6550(called)s 220 fnt2 7199 7532(standard.li)m 240 fnt1 8196 7535(,)m 8325(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 7247(time)m 481(it)s 675(e)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 1139(encounters)s 2227(the)s 2577(database,)s 3509(as)s 3761(an)s 4045(aid)s 4397(to)s 4638(searching)s 5608(it.)s 5906(If)s 6138(the)s 6488(database)s 7368(\207le)s 7731(is)s 7943(changed,)s 8850(its)s 0 6959(inde)m 3(x)k 586(\207le)s 950(must)s 1477(be)s 1762(deleted)s 2512(by)s 2809(the)s 3159(user)s 3620(so)s 3888(that)s 4309(Basser)s 5008(Lout)s 5523(kno)s 6(ws)k 6196(to)s 6438(reconstruct)s 7561(it.)s 7860(There)s 8475(is)s 8688(also)s 0 6671(an)m 300(installation)s 1435(option)s 2121(which)s 2780(allo)s 6(ws)k 3466(this)s 3879(deletion)s 4723(to)s 4979(be)s 5278(done)s 5817(automatically)s 7188(on)s 7502(suitable)s 8318(systems)s 0 6383(\(including)m 1036(Unix\).)s 480 6009(Basser)m 1210(Lout)s 1756(searches)s 2649(for)s 3021(databases)s 4021(in)s 4298(the)s 4679(current)s 5449(directory)s 6398(\207rst,)s 6910(then)s 7412(in)s 7689(a)s 7888(sequence)s 8855(of)s 0 5721(standard)m 868(places.)s 1629(T)s 19(o)k 1929(search)s 2596(the)s 2944(standard)s 3812(places)s 4460(only)s 15(,)k 4978(use)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 5353 5718(@SysDatabase)m 240 fnt1 6873 5721(.)m 240 fnt5 0 4928(3.43.)m 591(@Graphic)s [ /Dest /LOUTgraphic /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 556 4451(Lout)m 1084(does)s 1590(not)s 1972(pro)s 3(vide)k 2772(the)s 3136(v)s 6(ast)k 3592(repertoire)s 4591(of)s 4878(graphical)s 5838(objects)s 6582(\(lines,)s 7235(circles,)s 7980(box)s 3(es,)k 8660(etc.\))s 0 4163(required)m 846(by)s 1132(diagrams.)s 2163(Instead,)s 2952(it)s 3135(pro)s 3(vides)k 3999(an)s 4274(escape)s 4958(route)s 5497(to)s 5727(some)s 6280(other)s 6823(language)s 7734(that)s 8144(does)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 3875(these)m 547(features,)s 1409(via)s 1761(its)s 220 fnt2 2037 3872(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 3081 3875(symbol:)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3377({ 0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k 480 3089( 0 ysiz)m 3(e lineto)k 480 2801( xsiz)m 3(e ysiz)k 3(e lineto)k 480 2513( xsiz)m 3(e 0 lineto)k 480 2225( closepath)m 480 1937( strok)m 4(e)k 480 1649(})m 480 1361(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 480 1073({ //0.2c)m 480 785( ||0.2c hello)m 8(, w)k 2(or)k -3(ld ||0.2c)k 480 497( //0.2c)m 480 209(})m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 72 78 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(72)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(The)m 428(result)s 1018(of)s 1289(the)s 1637(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2259(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3313(of)s 3584(the)s 3932(symbol)s 220 fnt2 4692 13202(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 5736 13205(is)m 1365 422 0 422 240 288 60 480 12443 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto 0 ysize lineto xsize ysize lineto xsize 0 lineto closepath stroke grestore 113 146(hello,)m 698(w)s 2(orld)k grestore 480 11727(The)m 909(right)s 1421(parameter)s 2437(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 3149(appears)s 3931(as)s 4183(part)s 4615(of)s 4888(the)s 5237(result,)s 5875(and)s 6281(indeed)s 6978(the)s 7327(result)s 7919(is)s 8130(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 8843(an)s 0 11439(object)m 651(whose)s 1327(size)s 1761(is)s 1979(identical)s 2863(to)s 3110(the)s 3465(size)s 3900(of)s 4178(the)s 4534(right)s 5052(parameter)s 6074(with)s 220 fnt2 6563 11436(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 7583 11439(and)m 220 fnt2 7995 11436(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 0 11151(applied)m 762(to)s 1001(it.)s 1297(From)s 1875(no)s 6(w)k 2336(on)s 2633(we)s 2968(refer)s 3477(to)s 3716(this)s 4112(part)s 4543(of)s 4814(the)s 5162(result)s 5752(as)s 6002(the)s 240 fnt6 6350 11153(base)m 240 fnt1 6782 11151(.)m 480 10777(The)m 898(left)s 1264(parameter)s 2267(is)s 2466(implementation-dependent:)s 5184(that)s 5591(is,)s 5847(its)s 6112(meaning)s 6978(is)s 7177(not)s 7532(de\207ned)s 8284(by)s 8567(Lout,)s 0 10489(and)m 421(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1313(implementations)s 2975(could)s 3582(require)s 4332(dif)s 6(ferent)k 5224(v)s 6(alues)k 5898(for)s 6253(it.)s 6567(The)s 7012(follo)s 6(wing)k 8007(description)s 0 10201(applies)m 713(to)s 936(Basser)s 1618(Lout,)s 2161(which)s 2787(uses)s 3235(the)s 3567(PostScript)s 4593(page)s 5086(description)s 6189(language)s 7093([)s [ /Rect [7164 10201 7259 10363] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark 7164(1)s 7259(].)s 7487(Similar)s 8233(b)s 4(ut)k 8579(more)s 0 9913(restricted)m 962(possibilities)s 2172(e)s 3(xist)k 2698(with)s 3198(the)s 3563(PDF)s 4078(back)s 4609(end)s 5031(\(see)s 5488(a)s 5672(separate)s 6528(document)s 7550(distrib)s 4(uted)k 8644(with)s 0 9625(Lout\);)m 643(to)s 882(include)s 1642(both,)s 2175(use)s 2550(the)s 220 fnt2 2898 9622(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 4043 9625(symbol)m 4803(lik)s 2(e)k 5215(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 9124({ @Bac)m 4(kEnd @Case {)k 480 8836( P)m 11(ostScr)k -3(ipt @Y)k 4(ield)k 480 8548( {)m 480 8260( ...)m 480 7972( })m 480 7684( PDF @Y)m 4(ield)k 480 7396( {)m 480 7108( ...)m 480 6820( })m 480 6532( })m 480 6244( @Gr)m 2(aphic)k 480 5956( {)m 480 5668( ...)m 480 5380( })m 480 5092(})m 240 fnt1 0 4598(Returning)m 1039(to)s 1307(PostScript,)s 2425(the)s 2802(left)s 3208(parameter)s 4251(refers)s 4874(to)s 5142(a)s 5337(coordinate)s 6431(system)s 7184(whose)s 7881(origin)s 8538(is)s 8778(the)s 0 4310(bottom)m 773(left-hand)s 1728(corner)s 2433(of)s 2740(the)s 3123(base.)s 3747(It)s 3987(may)s 4489(use)s 4899(the)s 5282(symbols)s 220 fnt2 6166 4307(xsiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 6751 4310(and)m 220 fnt2 7190 4307(ysiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 7774 4310(to)m 8048(denote)s 8778(the)s 0 4022(horizontal)m 1031(and)s 1442(v)s 3(ertical)k 2216(size)s 2650(of)s 2928(the)s 3283(base;)s 3827(similarly)s 15(,)k 220 fnt2 4774 4019(xmar)m -3(k)k 240 fnt1 5442 4022(and)m 220 fnt2 5853 4019(ymar)m -3(k)k 240 fnt1 6521 4022(denote)m 7222(the)s 7577(positions)s 8499(of)s 8778(the)s 0 3734(base')m 13(s)k 635(column)s 1410(and)s 1814(ro)s 6(w)k 2234(marks:)s gsave 480 1371 translate 180 fnt1 3570 2072 0 1994 180 288 45 LoutGraphic gsave grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 180 fnt6 107 1955(ysize)m 0 1388(ymark)m 180 fnt1 364 253(0)m 2551 1701 850 1134 180 288 45 676 293 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 2551 1701 850 1134 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 /lfiglightgrey [ lfigbox ] gsave lfigpaintpath grestore 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore 2551 1701 850 1134 180 288 45 0 0 LoutGr2 0.015 cm setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap 0.15 cm /lfigdashed [ -0.3 cm ymark xsize ymark 0.3 cm 0 lfigpadd [] xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore grestore grestore end end restore grestore 676 14(0)m 180 fnt6 1526 15(xmark)m 3227(xsize)s end end restore grestore 0 920(In)m 265(addition)s 1115(to)s 1363(these)s 1920(four)s 2387(symbols)s 3245(and)s 3658(0,)s 3895(lengths)s 4646(may)s 5121(be)s 5412(denoted)s 6238(in)s 6490(centimetres,)s 7706(inches,)s 8434(points,)s 0 632(ems,)m 492(f)s -13(')k 13(s,)k 850(v')s 13(s)k 1180(and)s 1584(s')s 13(s)k 1887(using)s 2459(the)s 2807(notation)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 73 79 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.43.)m 1991(@Gr)s 3(aphic)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(73)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 240 fnt6 480 13172(l)m 220 fnt2 666 13167(cm)m 240 fnt1 1197 13170(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 13172(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 13170(c)m 240 fnt6 480 12884(l)m 220 fnt2 666 12879(in)m 240 fnt1 1197 12882(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 12884(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 12882(i)m 240 fnt6 480 12596(l)m 220 fnt2 666 12591(pt)m 240 fnt1 1197 12594(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 12596(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 12594(p)m 240 fnt6 480 12308(l)m 220 fnt2 666 12303(em)m 240 fnt1 1197 12306(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 12308(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 12306(m)m 240 fnt6 480 12020(l)m 220 fnt2 666 12015(ft)m 240 fnt1 1197 12018(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 12020(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 12018(f)m 240 fnt6 480 11732(l)m 220 fnt2 666 11727(vs)m 240 fnt1 1197 11730(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 11732(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 11730(v)m 240 fnt6 480 11444(l)m 220 fnt2 666 11439(sp)m 240 fnt1 1197 11442(instead)m 1932(of)s 2203(Lout')s 13(s)k 240 fnt6 3045 11444(l)m 240 fnt1 3111 11442(s)m 0 10901(Note)m 521(that)s 939(there)s 1472(must)s 1997(be)s 2279(a)s 2445(space)s 3032(between)s 3886(the)s 4234(number)s 5025(and)s 5429(its)s 5705(unit,)s 6184(unlik)s 2(e)k 6836(Lout)s 7348(proper)s 13(.)k 480 10527(A)m 732(point)s 1306(within)s 1996(the)s 2366(base)s 2869(\(and,)s 3423(with)s 3927(care,)s 4453(a)s 4642(point)s 5216(outside)s 5985(it\))s 6267(may)s 6755(be)s 7059(denoted)s 7897(by)s 8213(a)s 8401(pair)s 8855(of)s 0 10239(lengths.)m 855(F)s 3(or)k 1244(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 9742(xmar)m -3(k ymar)k -3(k)k 240 fnt1 0 9244(is)m 210(the)s 558(point)s 1110(where)s 1750(the)s 2098(marks)s 2733(cross,)s 3331(and)s 220 fnt2 480 8750(0 2 cm)m 240 fnt1 0 8295(is)m 195(a)s 346(point)s 883(on)s 1164(the)s 1497(left)s 1859(edge,)s 2402(tw)s 2(o)k 2797(centimetres)s 3933(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 4539(the)s 4872(bottom)s 5595(left-hand)s 6499(corner)s 13(.)k 7245(These)s 7857(tw)s 2(o)k 8251(numbers)s 0 8007(are)m 347(called)s 975(the)s 240 fnt6 1323 8009(x)m 1489(coor)s 8(dinate)k 240 fnt1 2571 8007(and)m 2975(the)s 240 fnt6 3323 8009(y)m 3485(coor)s 8(dinate)k 240 fnt1 4567 8007(of)m 4838(the)s 5186(point.)s 480 7633(The)m 906(\207rst)s 1335(step)s 1770(in)s 2011(specifying)s 3057(a)s 3221(graphic)s 3988(object)s 4630(is)s 4837(to)s 5074(de\207ne)s 5712(a)s 240 fnt6 5876 7635(path)m 240 fnt1 6297 7633(.)m 6458(A)s 6686(path)s 7152(can)s 7539(be)s 7818(thought)s 8608(of)s 8876(as)s 0 7345(the)m 349(track)s 888(of)s 1161(a)s 1328(pen)s 1733(mo)s 3(ving)k 2516(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 2996(the)s 3346(page.)s 3963(The)s 4393(pen)s 4797(may)s 5265(be)s 5548(up)s 5842(\(not)s 6289(dra)s 3(wing\))k 7199(or)s 7460(do)s 6(wn)k 8045(\(dra)s 3(wing)k 8960(a)s 0 7057(line)m 414(or)s 673(curv)s 3(e\))k 1329(as)s 1579(it)s 1771(mo)s 3(v)k 3(es.)k 2554(The)s 2982(entire)s 3581(path)s 4050(is)s 4260(a)s 4426(sequence)s 5359(of)s 5630(the)s 5978(follo)s 6(wing)k 6955(items:)s 240 fnt6 1847 6685(x)m 2013(y)s 220 fnt2 2175 6680(mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k 240 fnt1 3120 6683(Lift)m 3537(the)s 3885(pen)s 4288(and)s 4692(mo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 5274(it)s 5466(to)s 5705(the)s 6053(indicated)s 6987(point.)s 240 fnt6 2036 6326(x)m 2202(y)s 220 fnt2 2364 6321(lineto)m 240 fnt1 3120 6324(Put)m 3557(the)s 3963(pen)s 4424(do)s 6(wn)k 5066(and)s 5528(dra)s 3(w)k 6115(a)s 6339(straight)s 7173(line)s 7645(to)s 7942(the)s 8348(indicat-)s 3120 6036(ed)m 3404(point.)s 240 fnt6 702 5677(x)m 868(y)s 1030(r)s 1188(angle1)s 1879(angle2)s 220 fnt2 2580 5672(arc)m 240 fnt1 3120 5675(Put)m 3501(the)s 3852(pen)s 4257(do)s 6(wn)k 4844(and)s 5250(dra)s 3(w)k 5782(a)s 5950(circular)s 6741(arc)s 7087(whose)s 7758(centre)s 8399(has)s 8772(co-)s 3120 5387(ordinates)m 240 fnt6 4058 5389(x)m 240 fnt1 4235 5387(and)m 240 fnt6 4650 5389(y)m 240 fnt1 4823 5387(and)m 5238(whose)s 5917(radius)s 6563(is)s 240 fnt6 6784 5389(r)m 240 fnt1 6882 5387(.)m 7057(The)s 7496(arc)s 7851(be)s 3(gins)k 8535(at)s 8778(the)s 3120 5099(angle)m 240 fnt6 3726 5101(angle1)m 240 fnt1 4449 5099(measuring)m 5530(counterclockwise)s 7291(from)s 7847(the)s 8227(point)s 8812(di-)s 3120 4811(rectly)m 3714(to)s 3949(the)s 4294(right)s 4801(of)s 5069(the)s 5413(centre,)s 6100(and)s 6500(proceeds)s 7397(counterclockwise)s 3120 4523(to)m 240 fnt6 3361 4525(angle2)m 240 fnt1 4002 4523(.)m 4168(If)s 4401(the)s 4751(arc)s 5098(is)s 5310(not)s 5679(the)s 6029(\207rst)s 6462(thing)s 7010(on)s 7309(the)s 7660(path,)s 8181(a)s 8350(straight)s 3120 4235(line)m 3549(will)s 3990(be)s 4287(dra)s 3(wn)k 4954(connecting)s 6072(the)s 6435(current)s 7186(point)s 7753(to)s 8007(the)s 8370(start)s 8855(of)s 3120 3947(the)m 3468(arc.)s 240 fnt6 589 3638(x)m 755(y)s 917(r)s 1075(angle1)s 1766(angle2)s 220 fnt2 2467 3633(arcn)m 240 fnt1 3120 3636(As)m 3437(for)s 3775(arc,)s 4173(b)s 4(ut)k 4535(the)s 4883(arc)s 5227(goes)s 5717(clockwise)s 6729(from)s 240 fnt6 7253 3638(angle1)m 240 fnt1 7944 3636(to)m 240 fnt6 8183 3638(angle2)m 240 fnt1 8824 3636(.)m 220 fnt2 1955 3274(closepath)m 240 fnt1 3120 3277(Dra)m 3(w)k 3702(a)s 3868(straight)s 4644(line)s 5058(back)s 5571(to)s 5810(the)s 6158(point)s 6710(most)s 7235(recently)s 8058(mo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 8762(to.)s 0 2903(The)m 428(\207rst)s 860(item)s 1344(should)s 2042(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 2753(be)s 3036(a)s 220 fnt2 3202 2900(mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k 240 fnt1 3907 2903(,)m 220 fnt2 4015 2900(arc)m 240 fnt1 4315 2903(,)m 4422(or)s 220 fnt2 4682 2900(arcn)m 240 fnt1 5095 2903(.)m 5259(It)s 5465(should)s 6162(be)s 6445(clear)s 6968(from)s 7493(this)s 7889(that)s 8308(the)s 8657(path)s 0 2615(gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k 580(earlier:)s 220 fnt2 480 2121(0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto)k 480 1833(0 ysiz)m 3(e lineto)k 480 1545(xsiz)m 3(e ysiz)k 3(e lineto)k 480 1257(xsiz)m 3(e 0 lineto)k 480 969(closepath)m 240 fnt1 0 473(traces)m 607(around)s 1330(the)s 1678(boundary)s 2637(of)s 2908(the)s 3256(base)s 3737(with)s 4219(the)s 4567(pen)s 4970(do)s 6(wn.)k 480 99(Once)m 1039(a)s 1203(path)s 1670(is)s 1877(set)s 2200(up,)s 2545(we)s 2877(are)s 3222(ready)s 3805(to)s 240 fnt6 4041 101(paint)m 240 fnt1 4595 99(it)m 4785(onto)s 5262(the)s 5607(page.)s 6221(There)s 6832(are)s 7176(tw)s 2(o)k 7584(choices:)s 8405(we)s 8737(can)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 74 80 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(74)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13257 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13203(either)m 240 fnt6 618 13205(str)m 10(ok)k 2(e)k 240 fnt1 1259 13203(it,)m 1514(which)s 2172(means)s 2850(to)s 3105(display)s 3866(it)s 4074(as)s 4340(described;)s 5383(or)s 5658(we)s 6009(can)s 240 fnt6 6414 13205(\207ll)m 240 fnt1 6742 13203(it,)m 6997(which)s 7655(means)s 8333(to)s 8588(paint)s 0 12915(e)m 6(v)k 3(erything)k 1067(inside)s 1694(it)s 1886(gre)s 3(y)k 2362(or)s 2621(black.)s 3303(F)s 3(or)k 3692(stroking)s 4529(the)s 4877(tw)s 2(o)k 5287(main)s 5822(options)s 6578(are)s 240 fnt6 1581 12412(length)m 220 fnt2 2234 12407(setline)m 4(width)k 240 fnt1 3600 12410(The)m 4028(pen)s 4431(will)s 4857(dra)s 3(w)k 5386(lines)s 5888(of)s 6159(the)s 6507(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7087(width.)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_grap_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 1553 11902([)m 240 fnt6 1668 11907(length)m 220 fnt2 2321 11902(])m 2430(0)s 2605(setdash)s 240 fnt1 3600 11905(The)m 4034(pen)s 4444(will)s 4876(dra)s 3(w)k 5412(dashed)s 6142(lines)s 6650(when)s 7233(it)s 7432(is)s 7648(do)s 6(wn,)k 8289(with)s 8778(the)s 3600 11617(dashes)m 4289(each)s 4784(of)s 5055(the)s 5403(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5983(length.)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_pre_grap_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 11114(These)m 627(options)s 1383(are)s 1730(follo)s 6(wed)k 2632(by)s 2926(the)s 3274(w)s 2(ord)k 220 fnt2 3822 11111(strok)m 4(e)k 240 fnt1 4408 11114(.)m 4572(So,)s 4932(for)s 5270(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 10616({ 0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto)k 480 10328( 2 pt setline)m 4(width [ 5 pt ] 0 setdash strok)k 4(e)k 480 10040(})m 480 9752(@Gr)m 2(aphic { 3i @Wide })k 240 fnt1 0 9256(has)m 370(result)s 4320 0 0 0 240 288 60 480 8966 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 2 pt setlinewidth [ 5 pt ] 0 setdash stroke grestore grestore 480 8250(When)m 1106(\207lling)s 1726(in)s 1965(the)s 2310(re)s 3(gion)k 2971(enclosed)s 3862(by)s 4153(a)s 4315(path,)s 4830(the)s 5175(main)s 5706(option)s 6371(is)s 220 fnt2 6578 8247(setg)m 2(r)k 2(a)k 6(y)k 240 fnt1 7286 8250(,)m 7389(which)s 8027(determines)s 0 7962(the)m 348(shade)s 949(of)s 1220(gre)s 3(y)k 1696(to)s 1935(use,)s 2361(on)s 2658(a)s 2824(scale)s 3357(from)s 3881(0)s 4056(\(black\))s 4781(to)s 5020(1)s 5175(\(white\).)s 6028(So,)s 6388(for)s 6726(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 7464({ 0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto 0 ysiz)k 3(e lineto closepath)k 480 7176( 0.8 setg)m 2(r)k 2(a)k 6(y \207ll)k 480 6888(})m 480 6600(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 480 6312({ 2c @Wide 2c @High })m 240 fnt1 0 5813(has)m 370(result)s 1134 1134 0 1134 240 288 60 480 4389 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath 0.8 setgray fill grestore grestore 480 3673(There)m 1107(are)s 1468(man)s 3(y)k 2066(other)s 2631(options.)s 3515(The)s 3957(v)s 6(alue)k 4540(of)s 4825(the)s 5188(left)s 5579(parameter)s 6608(of)s 220 fnt2 6893 3670(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 7952 3673(may)m 8432(be)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 3385(fragment)m 922(of)s 1193(the)s 1541(PostScript)s 2583(page)s 3091(description)s 4210(language)s 5130([)s [ /Rect [5201 3385 5296 3547] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark 5201(1)s 5296(].)s 5539(Here)s 6059(are)s 6406(tw)s 2(o)k 6816(other)s 7367(e)s 3(xamples:)k 220 fnt2 480 2888(xsiz)m 3(e)k 1030(2)s 1203(div)s 240 fnt1 0 2434(denoting)m 891(a)s 1057(length)s 1712(equal)s 2285(to)s 2524(half)s 2967(the)s 3315(horizontal)s 4339(size)s 4766(of)s 5037(the)s 5385(base,)s 5917(and)s 220 fnt2 480 1935(gsa)m 4(v)k 5(e)k 1110(\207ll)s 1363(g)s 2(restore)k 2219(strok)s 4(e)k 240 fnt1 0 1436(which)m 648(both)s 1138(\207lls)s 1554(and)s 1965(strok)s 2(es)k 2698(the)s 3053(path.)s 3636(Since)s 4230(Basser)s 4933(Lout)s 5452(does)s 5949(not)s 6322(check)s 6948(that)s 7373(the)s 7728(left)s 8112(parameter)s 0 1148(is)m 209(v)s 6(alid)k 737(PostScript,)s 1824(it)s 2014(is)s 2222(possible)s 3061(to)s 3298(cause)s 3883(mysterious)s 4981(errors)s 5586(in)s 5828(the)s 6174(printing)s 6982(de)s 6(vice,)k 7705(resulting)s 8592(in)s 8833(no)s 0 860(output,)m 708(if)s 914(an)s 1186(incorrect)s 2083(v)s 6(alue)k 2640(is)s 2839(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en.)k 3515(It)s 3709(is)s 3908(a)s 4063(good)s 4590(idea)s 5037(to)s 5265(encapsulate)s 6425(graphics)s 7275(objects)s 7992(in)s 8224(carefully)s 0 572(tested)m 636(de\207nitions,)s 1774(lik)s 2(e)k 2208(those)s 2790(of)s 3083(the)s 3452(Diag)s 3992(\207gure)s 4627(dra)s 3(wing)k 5482(package)s 6344([)s [ /Rect [6415 569 6521 737] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 6415(5)s 6521(,)s 6649(Chapter)s 7488(9],)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_4 /DEST pdfmark 7815(to)s 8076(be)s 8379(sure)s 8855(of)s 0 284(a)m 4(v)k 4(oiding)k 883(these)s 1430(errors.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 75 81 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.43.)m 1991(@Gr)s 3(aphic)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(75)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13205(PostScript)m 1543(e)s 3(xperts)k 2302(may)s 2789(\207nd)s 3241(the)s 3610(follo)s 6(wing)k 4608(information)s 5814(helpful)s 6567(when)s 7164(designing)s 8170(adv)s 6(anced)k 0 12917(graphics)m 861(features.)s 1780(The)s 2208(left)s 2585(parameter)s 3599(of)s 220 fnt2 3870 12914(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 4914 12917(may)m 5380(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5881(tw)s 2(o)k 6291(parts,)s 6862(separated)s 7822(by)s 220 fnt2 8116 12914(//)m 240 fnt1 8241 12917(:)m 220 fnt2 480 12409({)m 240 fnt6 604 12414(\207r)m 2(st)k 1038(part)s 220 fnt2 1501 12409(//)m 240 fnt6 1686 12414(second)m 2417(part)s 220 fnt2 2880 12409(} @Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt6 4058 12414(object)m 240 fnt1 0 11913(If)m 230(there)s 763(is)s 973(no)s 220 fnt2 1266 11910(//)m 240 fnt1 1391 11913(,)m 1498(the)s 1846(second)s 2569(part)s 3000(is)s 3210(tak)s 2(en)k 3783(to)s 4022(be)s 4304(empty)s 15(.)k 5051(The)s 5479(PostScript)s 6521(output)s 7193(has)s 7563(the)s 7911(form)s 220 fnt2 480 11456(gsa)m 4(v)k 5(e)k 240 fnt6 480 11173(x)m 646(y)s 220 fnt2 808 11168(tr)m 2(anslate)k 240 fnt6 480 10885(Code)m 1039(whic)s 3(h)k 1663(de\207nes)s 220 fnt2 2383 10880(xsiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt6 2872 10885(,)m 220 fnt2 2965 10880(ysiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt6 3454 10885(,)m 220 fnt2 3547 10880(xmar)m -3(k)k 240 fnt6 4148 10885(,)m 220 fnt2 4241 10880(ymar)m -3(k)k 240 fnt6 4842 10885(,)m 220 fnt2 4935 10880(ft)m 240 fnt6 5053 10885(,)m 220 fnt2 5146 10880(vs)m 240 fnt6 5359 10885(,)m 5452(and)s 220 fnt2 5878 10880(sp)m 480 10592(gsa)m 4(v)k 5(e)k 240 fnt6 480 10309(\207r)m 2(st)k 914(part)s 220 fnt2 480 10016(g)m 2(restore)k 240 fnt6 480 9733(Code)m 1039(whic)s 3(h)k 1663(r)s 8(ender)k 2(s)k 2439(the)s 2784(right)s 3313(par)s 3(ameter)k 4372(in)s 4612(tr)s 3(anslated)k 5645(coor)s 8(dinates)k 480 9445(second)m 1211(part)s 220 fnt2 480 9152(g)m 2(restore)k 240 fnt1 0 8653(where)m 240 fnt6 628 8655(x)m 240 fnt4 733 8647(,)m 240 fnt6 802 8655(y)m 240 fnt1 952 8653(is)m 1149(the)s 1485(position)s 2300(of)s 2558(the)s 2894(lo)s 6(wer)k 3479(left)s 3843(corner)s 4501(of)s 4759(the)s 5095(base.)s 5671(Ha)s 4(ving)k 6412(tw)s 2(o)k 6810(parts)s 7312(permits)s 8066(brack)s 2(eting)k 0 8365(operations,)m 1112(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 1533 8362(sa)m 4(v)k 5(e)k 240 fnt1 2049 8365(and)m 220 fnt2 2462 8362(restore)m 240 fnt1 3206 8365(or)m 220 fnt2 3474 8362(begin)m 240 fnt1 4065 8365(and)m 220 fnt2 4478 8362(end)m 240 fnt1 4832 8365(,)m 4949(to)s 5197(enclose)s 5979(an)s 6271(object.)s 7028(See)s 7438(the)s 7795(source)s 8484(\207le)s 8855(of)s 0 8077(the)m 348(Diag)s 866(package)s 1706(for)s 2044(e)s 3(xamples.)k 240 fnt5 0 7284(3.44.)m 591(@PlainGraphic)s [ /Dest /LOUTplaingraphic /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_plai_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 567 6807(The)m 220 fnt2 1023 6804(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 2580 6807(symbol)m 3368(is)s 3606(a)s 4(v)k 3(ery)k 4211(rudimentary)s 5461(analogue)s 6408(for)s 6774(plain)s 7337(te)s 3(xt)k 7779(output)s 8479(of)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 6516(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1037 6519(symbol)m 1789(for)s 2119(PostScript)s 3153(output.)s 3921(Its)s 4202(result)s 4784(is)s 4986(its)s 5254(right)s 5757(parameter)s 6763(printed)s 7490(on)s 7779(a)s 7937(background)s 0 6231(created)m 747(by)s 1041(repeated)s 1908(printings)s 2809(of)s 3080(its)s 3356(left)s 3733(parameter)s 9(,)k 4785(which)s 5427(must)s 5952(be)s 6234(a)s 6400(simple)s 7093(w)s 2(ord.)k 7747(F)s 3(or)k 8136(e)s 3(xample,)k 480 5726("." @PlainGraphic 5s @W)m 9(ide)k 0 5223(w)m 2(ould)k 676(produce)s 1525(\207v)s 3(e)k 1959(dots.)s 220 fnt2 2544 5220(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 4096 5223(is)m 4328(used)s 4847(in)s 5112(the)s 220 fnt2 5482 5220(tb)m 4(l)k 240 fnt1 5777 5223(table-dra)m 3(wing)k 7176(package)s 8038(to)s 8299(produce)s 0 4935(plain-te)m 3(xt)k 972(rules.)s 240 fnt5 0 4142(3.45.)m 591(@IncludeGraphic)s 2491(and)s 2932(@SysIncludeGraphic)s [ /Dest /LOUTincludegraphic /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 540 3665(These)m 1167(symbols)s 2016(instruct)s 2792(Lout)s 3304(to)s 3543(incorporate)s 4687(a)s 4853(separately)s 5875(created)s 6622(illustration:)s 220 fnt2 480 3164(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic "m)k 3(ypor)k -8(tr)k 2(ait.eps")k 240 fnt1 0 2666(The)m 457(parameter)s 1500(is)s 1739(implementation-dependent;)s 4443(in)s 4715(Basser)s 5441(Lout)s 5982(it)s 6203(is)s 6442(an)s 6754(object)s 7427(whose)s 8124(v)s 6(alue)k 8721(is)s 8960(a)s 0 2378(simple)m 705(w)s 2(ord)k 1265(denoting)s 2168(the)s 2528(name)s 3114(of)s 3397(a)s 3575(\207le.)s 4056(This)s 4544(\207le)s 4917(should)s 5626(ideally)s 6342(be)s 6636(a)s 6814(PostScript)s 7868(EPS)s 8338(V)s 26(ersion)k 0 2090(3.0)m 345(\207le)s 696([)s [ /Rect [767 2090 862 2252] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /ANN pdfmark 767(1)s 862(],)s 1038(since)s 1575(then)s 2034(Lout)s 2536(will)s 2952(k)s 2(eep)k 3445(careful)s 4152(track)s 4680(of)s 4941(what)s 5456(resources)s 6399(are)s 6736(required)s 7580(for)s 7908(printing)s 8708(that)s 0 1802(\207le.)m 473(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 1437(an)s 3(y)k 1838(PostScript)s 2885(\207le)s 3250(containing)s 4317(the)s 220 fnt2 4669 1799(%%BoundingBo)m 6(x:)k 240 fnt1 6464 1802(comment)m 7418(and)s 7826(not)s 8197(requiring)s 0 1514(unusual)m 800(resources)s 1753(is)s 1963(lik)s 2(ely)k 2559(to)s 2798(w)s 2(ork.)k 480 1140(The)m 924(result)s 1530(of)s 220 fnt2 1817 1137(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 3584 1140(is)m 3811(an)s 4110(ordinary)s 4990(Lout)s 5518(object)s 6179(with)s 6677(marks)s 7328(through)s 8146(its)s 8439(centre.)s 0 852(It)m 202(may)s 665(be)s 944(rotated,)s 1711(scaled,)s 2412(and)s 2813(generally)s 3753(treated)s 4456(lik)s 2(e)k 4865(an)s 3(y)k 5259(other)s 5807(object.)s 6552(Basser)s 7246(Lout)s 7755(determines)s 8850(its)s 0 564(size)m 434(by)s 735(consulting)s 1792(the)s 2147(bounding)s 3113(box)s 3536(information)s 4728(in)s 4978(the)s 5333(\207le.)s 5809(If)s 6047(this)s 6450(cannot)s 7155(be)s 7444(found,)s 8117(a)s 8291(w)s 2(arning)k 0 276(message)m 866(is)s 1076(printed)s 1811(and)s 2215(the)s 2563(result)s 3153(object)s 3797(has)s 4167(zero)s 4631(size.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 76 82 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(76)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13202(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 2228 13205(searches)m 3084(the)s 3428(same)s 3972(directories)s 5026(that)s 220 fnt2 5440 13202(@Include)m 240 fnt1 6419 13205(does)m 6905(\(Section)s 7754(3.48\).)s 220 fnt2 8413 13202(@Sys-)m 0 12914(IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1562 12917(is)m 1806(the)s 2188(same)s 2769(as)s 220 fnt2 3053 12914(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 4744 12917(,)m 4885(e)s 3(xcept)k 5600(that)s 6052(it)s 6278(searches)s 7172(only)s 7686(the)s 8068(directories)s 0 12629(searched)m 894(by)s 220 fnt2 1188 12626(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt1 2476 12629(.)m 480 12255(If)m 720(the)s 1079(\207le)s 1450(name)s 2035(ends)s 2536(in)s 2789(an)s 3(y)k 3197(of)s 220 fnt2 3478 12252(.gz)m 240 fnt1 3765 12255(,)m 220 fnt2 3883 12252(-gz)m 240 fnt1 4182 12255(,)m 220 fnt2 4300 12252(.z)m 240 fnt1 4465 12255(,)m 220 fnt2 4582 12252(-z)m 240 fnt1 4759 12255(,)m 220 fnt2 4877 12252(_z)m 240 fnt1 5103 12255(,)m 5220(or)s 220 fnt2 5490 12252(.Z)m 240 fnt1 5680 12255(,)m 5798(the)s 6156(\207le)s 6528(will)s 6964(\207rst)s 7406(be)s 7699(uncompressed)s 0 11967(using)m 565(the)s 220 fnt2 906 11964(gunzip)m 240 fnt1 1597 11967(command)m 2592(into)s 3010(a)s 3169(temporary)s 4198(\207le)s 4552(called)s 220 fnt2 5173 11964(lout.eps)m 240 fnt1 5987 11967(in)m 6223(the)s 6564(current)s 7293(directory)s 15(.)k 8297(This)s 8765(\207le)s 0 11679(is)m 210(remo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 1099(immediately)s 2347(after)s 2843(it)s 3035(is)s 3245(copied)s 3941(into)s 4366(the)s 4714(output)s 5386(\207le.)s 240 fnt5 0 10886(3.46.)m 591(@IncludeGraphicRepeated)s 3445(and)s 3886(@SysIncludeGraphicRepeated)s [ /Dest /LOUTincludegraphicrepeated /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 548 10409(These)m 1183(symbols,)s 2097(which)s 2747(are)s 3103(allo)s 6(wed)k 3920(only)s 4409(at)s 4649(the)s 5006(start)s 5484(of)s 5764(a)s 5938(document,)s 6998(tell)s 7365(Lout)s 7886(that)s 8312(the)s 8669(EPS)s 0 10121(\207le)m 361(named)s 1057(is)s 1267(lik)s 2(ely)k 1863(to)s 2102(be)s 2384(included)s 3266(repeatedly:)s 220 fnt2 480 9620(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated { m)k 3(ypor)k -8(tr)k 2(ait.eps })k 240 fnt1 0 9122(T)m 19(o)k 289(actually)s 1088(see)s 1438(the)s 1775(graphic)s 2533(you)s 2937(use)s 220 fnt2 3301 9119(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 5041 9122(as)m 5279(usual.)s 5937(The)s 6354(purpose)s 7157(of)s 220 fnt2 7416 9119(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphi-)k 0 8831(cRepeated)m 240 fnt1 1117 8834(is)m 1335(not)s 1710(to)s 1957(display)s 2710(the)s 3067(graphic)s 3845(b)s 4(ut)k 4215(rather)s 4840(to)s 5087(instruct)s 5871(Lout)s 6392(to)s 6639(include)s 7407(its)s 7692(EPS)s 8157(\207le)s 8526(in)s 8778(the)s 0 8546(output)m 678(\207le)s 1045(just)s 1456(once,)s 2021(at)s 2260(the)s 2614(start,)s 3137(rather)s 3759(than)s 4234(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 4720(and)s 5130(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 5615(ag)s 1(ain)k 6195(for)s 6539(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 7122(time)s 7608(it)s 7806(appears)s 8593(in)s 8843(an)s 220 fnt2 0 8255(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1691 8258(,)m 1798(as)s 2048(w)s 2(ould)k 2703(otherwise)s 3688(occur)s 13(.)k 480 7884(An)m 3(y)k 943(number)s 1732(of)s 220 fnt2 2001 7881(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 4695 7884(and)m 220 fnt2 5097 7881(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 8156 7884(directi)m 6(v)k 3(es)k 0 7596(may)m 457(appear)s 1145(at)s 1368(the)s 1706(start)s 2167(of)s 2429(the)s 2768(document.)s 3866(The)s 4285(\207les)s 4725(in)s 9(v)k 4(olv)k 3(ed)k 5596(may)s 6052(be)s 6325(compressed)s 7503(as)s 7744(for)s 220 fnt2 8072 7593(@Include-)m 0 7305(Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 761 7308(.)m 922(The)s 1347(\207le)s 1705(names)s 2364(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2941(within)s 220 fnt2 3605 7305(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 6297 7308(must)m 6819(be)s 7098(identical)s 7972(to)s 8208(the)s 8552(name)s 0 7020(used)m 476(within)s 1122(the)s 1449(corresponding)s 220 fnt2 2849 7017(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 4579 7020(symbols,)m 5462(or)s 5700(else)s 6105(the)s 220 fnt2 6431 7017(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 0 6732(will)m 437(be)s 731(inef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(e.)k 1911(If)s 220 fnt2 2153 6729(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 5226 6732(is)m 5447(used)s 5956(\(as)s 6296(opposed)s 7165(to)s 220 fnt2 7416 6729(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphi-)k 0 6441(cRepeated)m 240 fnt1 1049 6444(\))m 1205(then)s 1703(all)s 2024(corresponding)s 3475(includes)s 4351(must)s 4905(use)s 220 fnt2 5308 6441(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 7454 6444(rather)m 8098(than)s 220 fnt2 8596 6441(@In-)m 0 6153(cludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1285 6156(.)m 480 5782(Use)m 901(of)s 220 fnt2 1165 5779(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 3853 5782(does)m 4336(not)s 4694(change)s 5421(the)s 5762(appearance)s 6886(of)s 7149(the)s 7490(output)s 8155(at)s 8380(all,)s 8717(b)s 4(ut,)k 0 5494(if)m 225(the)s 582(EPS)s 1047(\207le)s 1417(w)s 2(ould)k 2081(otherwise)s 3074(be)s 3365(included)s 4256(man)s 3(y)k 4847(times)s 5424(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 5950(the)s 6306(result)s 6905(will)s 7340(be)s 7630(a)s 7805(much)s 8403(shorter)s 0 5206(PostScript)m 1059(\207le)s 1437(which)s 2097(will)s 2540(usually)s 3302(print)s 3831(signi\207cantly)s 5084(f)s 2(aster)k 5689(as)s 5956(well.)s 6548(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 7526(Lout)s 8055(uses)s 8536(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 0 4918(2)m 186(PostScript)s 1240(features)s 2058(to)s 2309(implement)s 220 fnt2 3403 4915(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 6038 4918(,)m 6158(which)s 6812(may)s 7290(not)s 7668(be)s 7962(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8883(in)s 0 4630(some)m 565(old)s 934(printers,)s 1775(and)s 2184(the)s 2537(contents)s 3390(of)s 3665(the)s 4018(EPS)s 4480(\207le)s 4846(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5352(to)s 5596(be)s 5882(stored)s 6529(in)s 6777(the)s 7130(printer)s 7831(for)s 8174(the)s 8527(entire)s 0 4342(duration)m 841(of)s 1099(the)s 1433(print)s 1931(job,)s 2331(so)s 2583(there)s 3103(is)s 3299(a)s 3452(risk)s 3858(that)s 4262(memory)s 5100(will)s 5513(run)s 5875(out)s 6228(if)s 220 fnt2 6431 4339(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 0 4054(is)m 210(used.)s 480 3680(The)m 955(implementation)s 2560(of)s 220 fnt2 2878 3677(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 5621 3680(uses)m 6132(code)s 6687(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 7315(by)s 7656(the)s 8052(authors)s 8855(of)s 0 3392(PostScript)m 1039(which)s 1677(emplo)s 2(ys)k 2533(PostScript)s 3571(forms)s 4175(to)s 4410(sa)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4880(the)s 5225(EPS)s 5678(\207les)s 6123([)s [ /Rect [6194 3392 6308 3554] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTadobe1996epsforms /ANN pdfmark 6194(2)s 6308(].)s 6547(Lout')s 13(s)k 7205(v)s 3(ersion)k 7959(of)s 8226(this)s 8618(code)s 0 3104(is)m 215(some)s 6(what)k 1245(modi\207ed,)s 2209(partly)s 2825(for)s 3169(simplicity)s 4184(and)s 4593(partly)s 5210(to)s 5455(correct)s 6182(a)s 6354(possible)s 7200(b)s 4(ug)k 7614(caused)s 8329(by)s 8629(their)s 0 2816(use)m 375(of)s 646(a)s 812(single)s 1439(\207lter)s 1949(to)s 2188(read)s 2657(all)s 2950(the)s 3298(EPS)s 3755(\207les,)s 4260(rather)s 4876(than)s 5345(a)s 5511(separate)s 6349(\207lter)s 6859(for)s 7197(each)s 7692(one.)s 240 fnt5 0 2023(3.47.)m 591(@Pr)s 4(ependGraphic and @SysPr)k 4(ependGraphic)k [ /Dest /LOUTprependgraphic /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 582 1546(These)m 1252(symbols,)s 2200(which)s 2885(may)s 3394(appear)s 4134(an)s 3(ywhere)k 5160(that)s 5621(a)s 5830(de\207nition)s 6847(or)s 220 fnt2 7149 1543(@Use)m 240 fnt1 7857 1546(symbol)m 8660(may)s 0 1258(appear)m 9(,)k 738(tell)s 1101(Lout)s 1617(to)s 1860(include)s 2624(the)s 2976(contents)s 3828(of)s 4103(a)s 4273(\207le)s 4637(in)s 4884(the)s 5236(preamble)s 6185(of)s 6460(its)s 6740(output.)s 7520(F)s 3(or)k 7913(Basser)s 8614(Lout)s 0 970(this)m 418(means)s 1102(that)s 1542(the)s 1912(\207le)s 2295(must)s 2843(contain)s 3626(PostScript)s 4690(\(and)s 5195(ideally)s 5921(it)s 6136(w)s 2(ould)k 6813(be)s 3(gin)k 7421(and)s 7847(end)s 8273(with)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 679(%%BeginResource)m 240 fnt1 1941 682(and)m 220 fnt2 2345 679(%%EndResource)m 240 fnt1 4116 682(comments)m 5150(of)s 5421(DSC)s 5939(3.0\).)s 6482(F)s 3(or)k 6871(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 181(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic { diagf)k 6(.lpg })k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 77 83 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.47.)m 1991(@Pr)s 8(ependGr)k 3(aphic and @SysPr)k 8(ependGr)k 3(aphic)k 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(77)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(appears)m 818(at)s 1088(the)s 1474(start)s 1981(of)s 2290(the)s 2676(Diag)s 3231(package;)s 4165(the)s 4551(\207le)s 220 fnt2 4949 13202(diagf)m 6(.lpg)k 240 fnt1 5857 13205(contains)m 6743(a)s 6946(number)s 7775(of)s 8084(PostScript)s 0 12917(de\207nitions)m 1048(used)s 1532(by)s 1812(Diag)s 2317(for)s 2642(dra)s 3(wing)k 3462(diagrams.)s 4489(It)s 4680(sa)s 4(v)k 3(es)k 5229(a)s 5382(lot)s 5680(of)s 5938(space)s 6511(to)s 6737(include)s 7484(them)s 8008(just)s 8400(once)s 8894(at)s 0 12629(the)m 334(start)s 789(lik)s 2(e)k 1186(this,)s 1624(rather)s 2225(than)s 2679(with)s 3146(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 3708(diagram.)s 220 fnt2 4640 12626(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 6498 12629(and)m 220 fnt2 6887 12626(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 0 12341(search)m 667(for)s 1005(the)s 1353(\207le)s 1714(in)s 1957(the)s 2305(same)s 2852(places)s 3500(as)s 220 fnt2 3750 12338(@Include)m 240 fnt1 4732 12341(and)m 220 fnt2 5136 12338(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt1 6484 12341(respecti)m 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k 480 11967(If)m 699(the)s 1036(same)s 1572(\207le)s 1921(name)s 2484(appears)s 3254(in)s 3486(tw)s 2(o)k 220 fnt2 3884 11964(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 5746 11967(or)m 220 fnt2 5994 11964(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 8221 11967(symbols,)m 0 11679(the)m 385(second)s 1146(occurrence)s 2288(is)s 2536(silently)s 3330(ignored.)s 4263(This)s 4777(allo)s 6(ws)k 5484(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 6243(packages)s 7209(to)s 7486(share)s 8084(PostScript)s 0 11391(resources:)m 1059(each)s 1545(includes)s 2384(the)s 2722(appropriate)s 3857(prepend)s 4677(\207le,)s 5079(b)s 4(ut)k 5432(in)s 5666(the)s 6005(end)s 6399(only)s 6870(one)s 7263(cop)s 2(y)k 7771(ot)s 8008(it)s 8191(is)s 8391(printed)s 0 11103(to)m 239(Lout')s 13(s)k 901(output.)s 240 fnt5 0 10310(3.48.)m 591(@Include and @SysInclude)s [ /Dest /LOUTinclude /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incl_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incl_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 562 9833(These)m 1212(symbols)s 2083(instruct)s 2882(Lout)s 3417(to)s 3678(temporarily)s 4869(switch)s 5572(to)s 5834(reading)s 6627(another)s 7426(\207le,)s 7861(whose)s 8552(name)s 0 9545(appears)m 781(in)s 1024(braces)s 1685(follo)s 6(wing)k 2662(the)s 3010(symbol.)s 3879(F)s 3(or)k 4268(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 9044(@Include { "/usr/lout/langdefs" })m 240 fnt1 0 8545(will)m 455(cause)s 1072(the)s 1450(contents)s 2328(of)s 2629(\207le)s 3020(/usr/lout/langdefs)s 4773(to)s 5042(be)s 5354(read)s 5853(at)s 6115(the)s 6493(point)s 7075(it)s 7297(occurs.)s 8115(After)s 8708(that)s 0 8257(\207le)m 405(is)s 659(read,)s 1221(the)s 1613(current)s 2393(\207le)s 2798(is)s 3052(resumed.)s 4070(The)s 4542(included)s 5468(\207le)s 5873(may)s 6383(contain)s 7188(arbitrary)s 8107(Lout)s 8664(te)s 3(xt,)k 0 7969(including)m 958(other)s 220 fnt2 1511 7966(@Include)m 240 fnt1 2494 7969(commands.)m 3697(The)s 4127(\207le)s 4489(is)s 4701(searched)s 5597(for)s 5936(\207rst)s 6369(in)s 6614(the)s 6963(current)s 7701(directory)s 15(,)k 8657(then)s 0 7681(in)m 259(a)s 442(sequence)s 1392(of)s 1680(standard)s 2565(places)s 3229(which)s 3888(are)s 4252(not)s 4635(necessarily)s 5767(the)s 6131(same)s 6695(places)s 7360(that)s 7795(databases)s 8779(are)s 0 7393(searched)m 894(for)s 13(.)k 220 fnt2 1323 7390(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt1 2671 7393(searches)m 3531(the)s 3879(standard)s 4747(places)s 5395(only)s 15(.)k 480 7019(From)m 1084(V)s 26(ersion)k 1899(3.27,)s 2452(a)s 2645(special)s 3389(beha)s 4(viour)k 4429(has)s 4826(been)s 5361(instituted)s 6335(when)s 6937(an)s 7247(attempt)s 8049(is)s 8286(made)s 8887(to)s 220 fnt2 0 6728(@Include)m 240 fnt1 973 6731(or)m 220 fnt2 1223 6728(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt1 2562 6731(the)m 2901(same)s 3439(\207le)s 3791(twice.)s 4403(If)s 4623(a)s 4780(second)s 5494(or)s 5744(subsequent)s 6859(attempt)s 7626(occurs)s 8292(after)s 8778(the)s 0 6443(end)m 402(of)s 671(de\207nitions,)s 220 fnt2 1785 6440(@Use)m 240 fnt1 2448 6443(clauses,)m 3242(and)s 220 fnt2 3644 6440(@Database)m 240 fnt1 4855 6443(clauses)m 5594(\(i.e.)s 6006(if)s 6221(it)s 6410(occurs)s 7083(within)s 7748(the)s 8094(content)s 8855(of)s 0 6155(the)m 342(document\),)s 1465(it)s 1650(will)s 2069(go)s 2355(ahead,)s 3014(thus)s 3457(allo)s 6(wing)k 4334(the)s 4675(repeated)s 5535(inclusion)s 6463(of)s 6727(\207les)s 7169(containing)s 8225(objects)s 8946(\211)s 0 5867(not)m 370(necessarily)s 1490(recommended,)s 2957(b)s 4(ut)k 3324(certainly)s 4217(one)s 4624(w)s 2(ay)k 5080(of)s 5356(repeating)s 6302(information.)s 7599(But)s 8010(if)s 8232(a)s 8403(second)s 0 5579(or)m 270(subsequent)s 1406(attempt)s 2194(occurs)s 2881(within)s 3561(the)s 3921(re)s 3(gion)k 4598(of)s 4881(de\207nitions,)s 220 fnt2 6010 5576(@Use)m 240 fnt1 6687 5579(clauses,)m 7496(and)s 220 fnt2 7912 5576(@Database)m 240 fnt1 0 5291(clauses,)m 797(then)s 1266(that)s 1684(attempt)s 2460(will)s 2886(be)s 3168(silently)s 3925(ignored.)s 480 4917(This)m 955(beha)s 4(viour)k 1967(is)s 2175(useful)s 2813(for)s 3149(situations)s 4115(where)s 4754(tw)s 2(o)k 5162(packages)s 6089(depend)s 6837(on)s 7133(a)s 7298(third,)s 7854(caled,)s 8464(say)s 15(,)k 220 fnt2 8873 4914(C)m 240 fnt1 9022 4917(.)m 0 4629(W)m 19(e)k 369(can)s 758(then)s 1227(place)s 220 fnt2 480 4128(@SysInclude { C })m 240 fnt1 0 3630(at)m 222(the)s 559(start)s 1018(of)s 1279(both)s 1751(packages.)s 2781(If)s 3001(neither)s 3713(package)s 4542(is)s 4742(included,)s 5662(then)s 220 fnt2 6120 3627(C)m 240 fnt1 6319 3630(w)m 2(on')k 4(t)k 6920(be)s 7191(either)s 13(.)k 7875(But)s 8270(if)s 8476(one)s 8867(or)s 0 3342(both)m 483(is)s 693(included,)s 1624(then)s 220 fnt2 2093 3339(C)m 240 fnt1 2301 3342(will)m 2727(be)s 3009(included)s 3891(just)s 4296(once)s 4803(at)s 5035(the)s 5383(start)s 5853(of)s 6124(the)s 6471(\207rst.)s 6946(An)s 3(y)k 7410(pattern)s 8130(of)s 8400(ac)s 3(yclic)k 0 3054(dependencies)m 1342(between)s 2198(packages)s 3129(can)s 3520(be)s 3805(e)s 3(xpressed)k 4805(with)s 5289(this)s 5688(mechanism,)s 6886(just)s 7294(by)s 7590(including)s 8550(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 0 2766(package)m 840(that)s 1259(a)s 1426(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 2007(package)s 2848(depends)s 3684(on)s 3982(at)s 4215(the)s 4564(start)s 5035(of)s 5306(the)s 5655(\207le)s 6017(containing)s 7081(that)s 7500(package.)s 8449(Cyclic)s 0 2478(dependencies)m 1340(are)s 1687(be)s 3(yond)k 2448(Lout')s 13(s)k 3110(one-pass)s 3998(comprehension)s 5517(an)s 3(yw)k 2(ay)k 15(.)k 240 fnt5 0 1685(3.49.)m 591(@BackEnd)s 1814(and)s 2255(the)s 2629(PlainT)s 22(ext)k 3663(and)s 4104(PDF)s 4623(back)s 5172(ends)s [ /Dest /LOUTbackend /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_bend_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 547 1253(The)m 220 fnt2 983 1250(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 2136 1253(symbol,)m 2955(which)s 3605(tak)s 2(es)k 4153(no)s 4454(parameters,)s 5615(has)s 5993(for)s 6339(its)s 6623(result)s 7220(a)s 7394(string)s 7999(naming)s 8778(the)s 0 965(back)m 523(end)s 938(currently)s 1865(in)s 2119(use.)s 2613(Three)s 3237(back)s 3761(ends)s 4262(are)s 4620(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k 5590(PostScript,)s 6690(PDF)s 7198(and)s 7613(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt.)k 8698(The)s 0 677(symbol)m 760(is)s 970(generally)s 1913(used)s 2410(lik)s 2(e)k 2822(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 176(@Bac)m 4(kEnd @Case {)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 78 84 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(78)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207( PlainT)m 26(e)k 6(xt @Y)k 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k 480 12919( P)m 11(ostScr)k -3(ipt @Y)k 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k 480 12631( PDF @Y)m 4(ield { ...)k 13( })k 480 12343(})m 240 fnt1 0 11849(to)m 255(obtain)s 926(dif)s 6(ferent)k 1817(objects)s 2561(depending)s 3628(on)s 3941(the)s 4305(back)s 4834(end.)s 5360(No)s 220 fnt2 5722 11846(else)m 240 fnt1 6192 11849(is)m 6418(required)s 7288(since)s 7851(these)s 8414(are)s 8778(the)s 0 11561(only)m 480(possible)s 1320(v)s 6(alues.)k 480 11187(When)m 1101(a)s 220 fnt2 1259 11184(@Case)m 240 fnt1 2037 11187(symbol)m 2789(has)s 220 fnt2 3151 11184(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 4287 11187(for)m 4617(its)s 4885(left)s 5253(parameter)s 6259(and)s 6655(the)s 6994(left)s 7363(parameter)s 8369(of)s 8631(each)s 220 fnt2 0 10896(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 768 10899(symbol)m 1544(within)s 2228(it)s 2435(consists)s 3259(of)s 3546(a)s 3728(sequence)s 4676(of)s 4963(one)s 5381(or)s 5656(more)s 6218(literal)s 6844(w)s 2(ords)k 7494(\(including)s 220 fnt2 8546 10896(else)m 240 fnt1 8940 10899(\),)m 0 10611(Lout)m 531(will)s 976(optimize)s 1888(by)s 2201(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluating)k 3258(the)s 220 fnt2 3625 10608(@Case)m 240 fnt1 4432 10611(symbol)m 5211(at)s 5463(the)s 5830(time)s 6330(it)s 6541(is)s 6771(read.)s 7365(This)s 7861(optimization)s 0 10323(ensures)m 789(that)s 1228(there)s 1782(is)s 2013(only)s 2514(a)s 2701(small)s 3294(once-only)s 4326(performance)s 5610(penalty)s 6389(for)s 6748(multiple)s 7621(back)s 8155(ends,)s 8722(and)s 0 10035(it)m 206(permits)s 987(these)s 220 fnt2 1548 10032(@Case)m 240 fnt1 2350 10035(symbols)m 3213(\(b)s 4(ut)k 3668(no)s 3976(other)s 4541(symbols\))s 5481(to)s 5734(appear)s 6446(within)s 7128(the)s 7490(object)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 0 9744(@Include)m 240 fnt1 982 9747(and)m 220 fnt2 1386 9744(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 3259 9747(symbols.)m 480 9373(The)m 918(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k 1899(back)s 2423(end)s 2837(dif)s 6(fers)k 3515(from)s 4050(the)s 4409(PostScript)s 5461(one)s 5874(in)s 6128(tw)s 2(o)k 6548(main)s 7094(respects.)s 8038(First,)s 8593(there)s 0 9085(is)m 226(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 1302(just)s 1724(one)s 2143(font:)s 2711(although)s 3622(all)s 3932(the)s 4297(font)s 4759(commands)s 5864(w)s 2(ork)k 6431(e)s 3(xactly)k 7189(as)s 7456(usual,)s 8085(the)s 3(y)k 8565(don')s 4(t)k 0 8797(actually)m 817(change)s 1558(an)s 3(ything.)k 2565(Each)s 3107(character)s 4049(in)s 4299(this)s 4702(font)s 5155(is)s 5372(tak)s 2(en)k 5953(to)s 6199(be)s 6488(one)s 6898(tenth)s 7440(of)s 7719(one)s 8128(inch)s 8605(wide)s 0 8509(and)m 404(20)s 699(points)s 1335(high.)s 1925(Second,)s 2737(the)s 3085(output)s 3757(is)s 3967(an)s 4250(ordinary)s 5114(te)s 3(xt)k 5529(\207le,)s 5941(not)s 6307(a)s 6473(PostScript)s 7515(\207le.)s 480 8135(Clearly)m 15(,)k 1306(with)s 1820(ordinary)s 2716(te)s 3(xt)k 3162(output)s 3866(the)s 4246(possibility)s 5327(of)s 5630(adv)s 6(anced)k 6618(graphics)s 7510(features)s 8348(such)s 8876(as)s 0 7847(rotation)m 829(and)s 1262(scaling)s 2022(is)s 2261(curtailed.)s 3290(Ne)s 6(v)k 3(ertheless,)k 4651(all)s 4974(symbols)s 5852(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6383(well-de\207ned)s 7665(\(possibly)s 8626(null\))s 0 7559(ef)m 6(fects)k 706(in)s 976(the)s 1351(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k 2348(back)s 2888(end,)s 3368(so)s 3661(there)s 4221(is)s 4457(no)s 4777(additional)s 5815(danger)s 6553(of)s 6851(crashing)s 7741(the)s 8116(system)s 8867(or)s 0 7271(obtaining)m 957(grossly)s 1702(unreasonable)s 3020(output)s 3692(by)s 3986(a)s 4152(change)s 4886(to)s 5125(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt.)k 480 6897(The)m 905(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k 1872(back)s 2382(end)s 2783(is)s 2990(obtained)s 3869(by)s 4160(the)s 220 fnt2 4505 6894(-p)m 240 fnt1 4749 6897(option)m 5415(to)s 5651(Basser)s 6345(Lout.)s 6958(The)s 7383(character)s 8314(size)s 8737(can)s 0 6609(be)m 282(changed)s 1138(by)s 1432(adding)s 2137(tw)s 2(o)k 2547(lengths)s 3289(to)s 3528(the)s 220 fnt2 3876 6606(-p)m 240 fnt1 4123 6609(option,)m 4842(lik)s 2(e)k 5254(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 6112(lout -p0.1i12p ...)m 240 fnt1 0 5616(which)m 650(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 1439(the)s 1795(PlainT)s 16(e)k 3(xt)k 2773(back)s 3294(end)s 3706(with)s 4196(each)s 4699(character)s 5641(being)s 6234(0.1)s 6577(inches)s 7247(wide)s 7776(and)s 8188(12)s 8490(points)s 0 5328(high.)m 595(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 1561(e)s 3(xperience)k 2655(suggests)s 3523(that)s 3947(the)s 4301(best)s 4752(approach)s 5691(is)s 5907(to)s 6152(de\207ne)s 6799(all)s 7098(horizontal)s 8128(lengths)s 8876(as)s 0 5040(multiples)m 943(of)s 1218(the)s 220 fnt2 1569 5037(s)m 240 fnt1 1736 5040(unit)m 2171(\(the)s 2602(width)s 3208(of)s 3482(a)s 3652(space,)s 4293(hence)s 4911(the)s 5262(width)s 5868(of)s 6143(all)s 6439(characters\))s 7538(and)s 7945(to)s 8188(de\207ne)s 8833(all)s 0 4752(v)m 3(ertical)k 777(lengths)s 1530(as)s 1791(multiples)s 2742(of)s 3023(the)s 220 fnt2 3382 4749(f)m 240 fnt1 3511 4752(unit)m 3954(\(the)s 4391(font)s 4847(size,)s 5336(equal)s 5920(to)s 6169(the)s 6528(height)s 7197(of)s 7479(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 8066(character\),)s 0 4464(and)m 404(not)s 770(to)s 1009(change)s 1743(the)s 2091(character)s 3025(size)s 3452(in)s 3695(the)s 4043(command)s 5045(line.)s 480 4090(There)m 1098(is)s 1314(a)s 220 fnt2 1486 4087(-P)m 240 fnt1 1762 4090(option)m 2437(which)s 3085(is)s 3301(identical)s 4184(with)s 4671(the)s 220 fnt2 5025 4087(-p)m 240 fnt1 5278 4090(option)m 5953(e)s 3(xcept)k 6640(that)s 7064(it)s 7262(inserts)s 7942(a)s 8114(form-feed)s 0 3802(character)m 934(between)s 1788(each)s 2283(tw)s 2(o)k 2693(components)s 3901(of)s 4172(the)s 4520(output,)s 5239(b)s 4(ut)k 5601(not)s 5967(before)s 6633(the)s 6981(\207rst)s 7412(or)s 7671(after)s 8167(the)s 8515(last.)s 480 3428(The)m 911(PDF)s 1412(back)s 1928(end)s 2336(is)s 2549(obtained)s 3435(by)s 3732(typing)s 220 fnt2 4401 3425(lout -Z)m 240 fnt1 5017 3428(.)m 5185(It)s 5393(is)s 5607(similar)s 6332(to)s 6575(PostScript)s 7620(b)s 4(ut)k 7986(much)s 8579(more)s 0 3140(limited)m 755(in)s 1020(functionality)s 15(.)k 2412(Consult)s 3239(a)s 3426(separate)s 4286(document)s 5312(distrib)s 4(uted)k 6410(with)s 6913(Lout)s 7447(for)s 7807(further)s 8538(infor)s 4(-)k 0 2852(mation.)m 240 fnt5 0 2109(3.50.)m 591(@V)s 24(erbatim and @RawV)k 24(erbatim)k [ /Dest /LOUTverbatim /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_verb_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_verb_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 543 1677(These)m 1173(symbols)s 2026(instruct)s 2805(Lout)s 3321(to)s 3563(read)s 4036(the)s 4387(follo)s 6(wing)k 5367(te)s 3(xt)k 5786(\(enclosed)s 6763(in)s 7010(braces\))s 7751(v)s 3(erbatim,)k 8708(that)s 0 1389(is,)m 266(turning)s 1010(of)s 6(f)k 1354(all)s 1647(special)s 2365(character)s 3299(meanings.)s 4380(F)s 3(or)k 4769(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 888(@V)m 17(erbatim { "hello" })k 240 fnt1 0 394(produces)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 79 85 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(3.50.)m 1991(@V)s 26(erbatim and @RawV)k 26(erbatim)k 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(79)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13412 0 13303 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13249("hello")m 220 fnt2 0 12793(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 1178 12796(ignores)m 1983(all)s 2325(characters)s 3393(after)s 3938(the)s 4336(opening)s 5210(brace)s 5833(up)s 6175(to)s 6464(b)s 4(ut)k 6875(not)s 7291(including)s 8297(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 12508(non-white-space)m 1654(character)s 13(.)k 220 fnt2 2697 12505(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 4278 12508(dif)m 6(fers)k 4964(from)s 220 fnt2 5506 12505(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 6653 12508(only)m 7151(in)s 7413(that)s 7849(it)s 8059(ignores)s 8833(all)s 0 12220(characters)m 1018(after)s 1514(the)s 1862(opening)s 2687(brace)s 3261(up)s 3554(to)s 3793(b)s 4(ut)k 4155(not)s 4521(including)s 5479(the)s 5827(\207rst)s 6258(non-white-space)s 7894(character)s 9(,)k 8867(or)s 0 11932(up)m 302(to)s 551(and)s 965(including)s 1931(the)s 2289(\207rst)s 2730(ne)s 6(wline)k 3547(character)s 9(,)k 4528(whiche)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 5585(comes)s 6257(\207rst.)s 6802(This)s 7287(v)s 6(ariant)k 8014(is)s 8234(useful)s 8883(in)s 0 11644(cases)m 555(such)s 1051(as)s 220 fnt2 480 11193(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim {)k 480 10905( v)m 5(ar x:)k 11( Real)k 480 10617(begin)m 480 10329(})m 240 fnt1 0 9835(where)m 662(the)s 1033(\207rst)s 1486(line)s 1923(of)s 2217(the)s 2587(v)s 3(erbatim)k 3516(te)s 3(xt)k 3954(be)s 3(gins)k 4649(with)s 5154(white)s 5763(space)s 6373(which)s 7038(w)s 2(ould)k 7715(be)s 8020(ignored)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt2 0 9544(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 1069 9547(.)m 1232(Both)s 1754(symbols)s 2602(ignore)s 3268(all)s 3560(white)s 4146(spaces)s 4820(at)s 5051(the)s 5398(end)s 5801(of)s 6071(the)s 6418(v)s 3(erbatim)k 7323(te)s 3(xt,)k 7784(preceding)s 8778(the)s 0 9259(closing)m 744(brace.)s 240 fnt5 0 8466(3.51.)m 591(@Underline)s [ /Dest /LOUTunderline /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_unde_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 533 8034(The)m 220 fnt2 953 8031(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 2160 8034(symbol)m 2912(underlines)s 3951(its)s 4219(right)s 4722(parameter)s 9(,)k 5767(b)s 4(ut)k 6121(only)s 6593(if)s 6802(that)s 7212(parameter)s 8218(is)s 8420(a)s 8578(w)s 2(ord)k 0 7746(or)m 259(a)s 425(paragraph:)s 220 fnt2 480 7245(W)m 6(e @Under)k -3(line { really do } mean this)k 3(.)k 240 fnt1 0 6747(produces)m 480 6244(W)m 19(e)k 849(really)s 1446(do)s 849 1679 6220 12 ul 1739(mean)s 2314(this.)s 0 5741(It)m 204(is)s 412(not)s 776(possible)s 1614(to)s 1851(underline)s 2808(an)s 3089(arbitrary)s 3962(object)s 4604(using)s 5174(this)s 5568(symbol;)s 6383(the)s 220 fnt2 6729 5738(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 7942 5741(symbol)m 8700(will)s 0 5453(be)m 282(ignored)s 1071(if)s 1288(this)s 1684(is)s 1894(attempted.)s 480 5079(It)m 731(is)s 987(v)s 3(ery)k 1509(easy)s 2034(to)s 240 fnt6 2319 5081(de\207ne)m 240 fnt1 2990 5079(a)m 3202(symbol)s 4008(which)s 4696(will)s 5168(underline)s 6173(an)s 6502(arbitrary)s 7423(object,)s 8160(using)s 8778(the)s 220 fnt2 0 4788(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1045 4791(symbol.)m 1915(This)s 2393(raises)s 2988(the)s 3337(question)s 4207(of)s 4479(wh)s 1(y)k 220 fnt2 4946 4788(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 6163 4791(is)m 6374(needed)s 7111(at)s 7345(all.)s 7748(The)s 8177(answer)s 8916(is)s 0 4503(that)m 220 fnt2 418 4500(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 1633 4503(has)m 2003(tw)s 2(o)k 2413(properties)s 3419(that)s 3837(distinguish)s 4944(it)s 5136(from)s 5660(symbols)s 6509(based)s 7112(on)s 220 fnt2 7409 4500(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 8393 4503(.)m 480 4129(First,)m 1021(when)s 220 fnt2 1594 4126(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 2806 4129(both)m 3286(contains)s 4130(a)s 4293(paragraph)s 5303(and)s 5704(is)s 5911(used)s 6404(within)s 7069(a)s 7232(paragraph,)s 8292(as)s 8539(in)s 8778(the)s 0 3841(e)m 3(xample)k 875(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e,)k 1561(the)s 1921(inner)s 2485(and)s 2901(outer)s 3465(paragraphs)s 4577(are)s 4937(mer)s 4(ged)k 5720(into)s 6158(one,)s 6623(permitting)s 7684(the)s 8045(underlined)s 0 3553(te)m 3(xt)k 412(to)s 647(break)s 1236(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 1711(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 2430(lines.)s 3041(This)s 3513(is)s 3720(ho)s 6(w)k 4177(the)s 220 fnt2 4522 3550(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 5230 3553(symbol)m 5986(w)s 2(orks)k 6617(too,)s 7026(b)s 4(ut)k 7385(symbols)s 8230(based)s 8829(on)s 220 fnt2 0 3262(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1044 3265(do)m 1337(not)s 1703(permit)s 2386(this)s 2782(mer)s 4(ging.)k 480 2891(Second,)m 1292(Adobe)s 1987(font)s 2432(\207les)s 2881(specify)s 3625(the)s 3973(correct)s 4694(position)s 5522(and)s 5926(thickness)s 6867(of)s 7138(underlining)s 8294(for)s 8631(each)s 0 2603(font,)m 501(and)s 914(the)s 220 fnt2 1272 2600(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 2496 2603(symbol)m 3266(follo)s 6(ws)k 4037(these)s 4593(speci\207cations.)s 6068(The)s 6505(font)s 6960(used)s 7466(is)s 7685(the)s 8043(font)s 8497(of)s 8778(the)s 0 2315(\207rst)m 431(object)s 1075(underlined,)s 2205(if)s 2422(it)s 2614(is)s 2824(a)s 2990(simple)s 3683(w)s 2(ord,)k 4280(or)s 4539(else)s 4966(the)s 5314(font)s 5759(of)s 6030(the)s 6378(enclosing)s 7348(paragraph.)s 480 1941(The)m 914(colour)s 1591(of)s 1868(the)s 2223(underline)s 3188(is)s 3404(usually)s 4156(the)s 4510(same)s 5063(as)s 5320(the)s 5674(colour)s 6351(of)s 6629(the)s 6983(te)s 3(xt)k 7404(being)s 7996(underlined,)s 0 1653(b)m 4(ut)k 362(this)s 758(can)s 1147(be)s 1429(changed)s 2285(using)s 2857(the)s 220 fnt2 3205 1650(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 5402 1653(symbol)m 6162(\(Section)s 7015(3.9\).)s 240 fnt5 0 860(3.52.)m 591(@P)s 2(ageLabel)k [ /Dest /LOUTpagelabel /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_page_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 533 383(The)m 220 fnt2 953 380(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt1 2255 383(symbol)m 3007(associates)s 4005(a)s 4164(page)s 4664(label)s 5176(in)s 5411(the)s 5751(PostScript)s 6786(output)s 7450(\207le)s 7804(with)s 8278(the)s 8618(page)s 0 95(within)m 688(which)s 1350(\(or)s 1708(just)s 2133(before)s 2819(which\))s 3552(the)s 3920(symbol)s 4700(occurs,)s 5451(so)s 5737(that)s 6175(PostScript)s 7237(vie)s 6(wers)k 8045(are)s 8412(able)s 8887(to)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 80 86 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(80)m 240 fnt6 7498 -1580(Chapter)m 8348(3.)s 8622(Pr)s 8(ede\207ned)k 9717(symbols)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(inde)m 3(x)k 587(the)s 939(page)s 1450(by)s 1748(this)s 2148(label.)s 2779(\(The)s 3290(label)s 3813(is)s 4026(printed)s 4765(in)s 5011(the)s 220 fnt2 5363 13202(%%P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 6313 13205(comment)m 7266(preceding)s 8266(the)s 8618(page)s 0 12917(in)m 243(the)s 591(PostScript)s 1633(output)s 2305(\207le.\))s 2858(F)s 3(or)k 3247(e)s 3(xample,)k 220 fnt2 480 12416(@P)m 8(ageLabel iv)k 240 fnt1 0 11917(associates)m 1018(the)s 1379(label)s 220 fnt2 1910 11914(iv)m 240 fnt1 2140 11917(with)m 2634(the)s 2995(page.)s 3623(The)s 4064(label)s 4595(may)s 5074(be)s 5368(an)s 5664(arbitrary)s 6551(object;)s 7260(if)s 7489(its)s 7778(v)s 6(alue)k 8358(is)s 8581(not)s 8960(a)s 0 11629(simple)m 693(w)s 2(ord,)k 1290(it)s 1482(will)s 1908(be)s 2190(replaced)s 3057(by)s 220 fnt2 3351 11626(?)m 240 fnt1 3459 11629(.)m 220 fnt2 480 11252(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt1 1799 11255(is)m 2019(unrelated)s 2977(to)s 3226(Lout')s 13(s)k 3899(cross)s 4451(referencing)s 5602(mechanism;)s 6813(it)s 7016(is)s 7236(for)s 7585(communicating)s 0 10967(a)m 176(label)s 706(to)s 956(the)s 1315(PostScript)s 2368(output)s 3051(\207le,)s 3474(not)s 3851(to)s 4101(other)s 4662(parts)s 5188(of)s 5470(Lout.)s 6097(The)s 6536(result)s 7137(of)s 220 fnt2 7419 10964(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt1 8739 10967(is)m 8960(a)s 0 10679(null)m 427(object.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 81 87 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol %%+ font Times-Italic /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -14865 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13448 0 13448 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12397(Chapter)m 1819(4.)s 2400(Examples)s [ /Dest /LOUTexamples /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 11446(This)m 503(chapter)s 1294(presents)s 2156(some)s 2744(e)s 3(xamples)k 3723(tak)s 2(en)k 4324(from)s 4875(the)s 5251(v)s 6(arious)k 6028(packages)s 6983(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 7919(with)s 8429(Basser)s 0 11158(Lout.)m 661(The)s 1134(reader)s 1835(who)s 2346(masters)s 3171(these)s 3763(e)s 3(xamples)k 4759(will)s 5230(be)s 5557(well)s 6068(prepared)s 7007(to)s 7291(read)s 7805(the)s 8198(packages)s 0 10870(themselv)m 3(es.)k 1223(The)s 1650(e)s 3(xamples)k 2600(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3100(not)s 3465(been)s 3973(simpli\207ed)s 4986(in)s 5229(an)s 3(y)k 5625(w)s 2(ay)k 15(,)k 6113(since)s 6659(an)s 6941(important)s 7929(part)s 8359(of)s 8629(their)s 0 10582(purpose)m 814(is)s 1024(to)s 1263(sho)s 6(w)k 1817(Lout)s 2329(in)s 2572(actual)s 3197(practice.)s 480 10208(Although)m 1486(all)s 1823(these)s 2415(e)s 3(xamples)k 3410(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3956(been)s 4509(tak)s 2(en)k 5127(from)s 5695(real)s 6152(code,)s 6755(the)s 3(y)k 7263(do)s 7600(not)s 8011(necessarily)s 0 9920(represent)m 935(the)s 1283(current)s 2019(state)s 2512(of)s 2783(the)s 3131(Lout)s 3643(packages.)s 240 fnt5 0 9127(4.1.)m 471(An)s 833(equation)s 1779(f)s 6(ormatting)k 2930(package)s [ /Dest /LOUTeq /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8650(In)m 751(this)s 1162(section)s 1911(we)s 2261(describe)s 3128(the)s 3491(design)s 4189(and)s 4608(implementation)s 6180(of)s 6466(the)s 6829(Eq)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_1 /DEST pdfmark 7168(equation)s 8065(formatting)s 0 8362(package.)m 976(Equation)s 1925(formatting)s 3014(mak)s 2(es)k 3702(a)s 3896(natural)s 4642(\207rst)s 5101(e)s 3(xample,)k 6043(partly)s 6682(because)s 7523(its)s 7828(requirements)s 0 8074(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k 514(strongly)s 1366(in\210uenced)s 2435(the)s 2797(design)s 3493(of)s 3778(Lout,)s 4351(and)s 4769(partly)s 5394(because)s 6221(no)s 6528(cross)s 7084(references)s 8129(or)s 8402(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 0 7786(are)m 347(required.)s 480 7412(T)m 19(o)k 777(the)s 1121(author')s 13(s)k 1938(kno)s 6(wledge,)k 3086(Eq)s 3406(is)s 3613(the)s 3957(\207rst)s 4384(equation)s 5261(formatter)s 6204(to)s 6440(be)s 6718(implemented)s 8020(as)s 8266(a)s 8428(collec-)s 0 7124(tion)m 430(of)s 702(high-)s 1196(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 1707(de\207nitions.)s 2883(This)s 3360(approach)s 4295(has)s 4666(signi\207cant)s 5724(adv)s 6(antages:)k 6948(the)s 7297(basics)s 7933(of)s 8206(language)s 0 6836(and)m 426(layout)s 1106(are)s 1475(tri)s 6(vial,)k 2167(so)s 2456(the)s 2826(implementor)s 4129(can)s 4540(concentrate)s 5720(on)s 6039(\207ne-)s 6466(tuning;)s 7212(and)s 7638(the)s 8009(de\207nitions,)s 0 6548(being)m 585(readily)s 1302(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k 2261(can)s 2650(be)s 2932(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ed,)k 3950(e)s 3(xtended,)k 4918(or)s 5177(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5677(replaced.)s 480 6174(As)m 809(described)s 1795(in)s 2050(the)s 2411(User')s 13(s)k 3084(Guide)s 3737([)s [ /Rect [3808 6171 3914 6339] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 3808(5)s 3914(],)s 4113(an)s 4408(equation)s 5301(is)s 5523(entered)s 6297(in)s 6552(a)s 6730(format)s 7439(based)s 8054(on)s 8363(the)s 8724(one)s 0 5886(introduced)m 1081(by)s 1375(the)s 1723(eqn)s 2126(language)s 3046(of)s 3317(K)s 6(ernighan)k 4378(and)s 4782(Cherry)s 5500([)s [ /Rect [5571 5883 5675 6048] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkernighan1975eqn /ANN pdfmark 5571(3)s 5675(]:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_2 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5385(@Eq { { x sup 2 + y sup 2 } o)m 3(v)k 5(er 2 })k 240 fnt1 0 4887(The)m 428(result)s 1018(is)s 168 fnt4 586 4482(2)m 240 fnt6 480 4422(x)m 240 fnt4 738 4414(+)m 168 fnt4 1041 4482(2)m 240 fnt6 939 4422(y)m 641 0 0 0 240 288 12 480 4324 LoutGr2 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto 0.05 ft setlinewidth stroke grestore grestore 240 fnt4 743 4096(2)m 240 fnt1 0 3585(In)m 256(outline,)s 1027(the)s 1375(de\207nition)s 2349(of)s 2620(the)s 220 fnt2 2968 3582(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 3506 3585(symbol)m 4266(is)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3088(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t sup o)k 3(v)k 5(er "+" "2" "<=")k 480 2800(def @Eq)m 480 2512( body @Body)m 480 2224({)m 480 1936( def sup precedence 60 left x r)m -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k 480 1648( def o)m 3(v)k 5(er precedence 54 left x r)k -3(ight y { ...)k 13( })k 480 1360( def "2" { Base @F)m 6(ont "2" })k 480 1072( def "+" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "+" })k 480 784( def "<=" { {Symbol Base} @F)m 6(ont "\\243" })k 480 496( ...)m grestore gsave 1417 -14865 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5859 -15421(81)m grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 82 88 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(82)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207( Slope @F)m 6(ont 1.2f @Break 0c @Space @Body)k 480 12919(})m 240 fnt1 0 12425(A)m 259(body)s 822(parameter)s 1865(is)s 2104(used)s 2630(to)s 2898(restrict)s 3649(the)s 4026(visibility)s 4958(of)s 5258(the)s 5635(equation)s 6545(formatting)s 7635(symbols)s 8514(\(there)s 0 12137(are)m 366(hundreds)s 1315(of)s 1606(them\).)s 2347(The)s 2794(equation)s 3695(as)s 3965(a)s 4151(whole)s 4811(is)s 5041(set)s 5386(in)s 5649(Slope)s 6269(\(i.e.)s 6704(Italic\))s 7341(font,)s 7853(and)s 8277(symbols)s 0 11849(such)m 515(as)s 220 fnt2 784 11846("2")m 240 fnt1 1127 11849(and)m 220 fnt2 1550 11846("+")m 240 fnt1 1899 11849(are)m 2265(de\207ned)s 3048(when)s 3643(other)s 4213(fonts)s 4762(are)s 5128(needed.)s 5990(Precedences)s 7241(are)s 7608(used)s 8124(to)s 8383(resolv)s 3(e)k 0 11561(ambiguities)m 1170(such)s 1670(as)s 220 fnt2 1925 11558(a sup b o)m 3(v)k 5(er c)k 240 fnt1 3291 11561(.)m 3459(Eq)s 3788(tak)s 2(es)k 4332(all)s 4630(spacing)s 5418(decisions)s 6363(on)s 6665(itself,)s 7252(so)s 7523(to)s 7766(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 8539(white)s 0 11273(space)m 574(typed)s 1151(by)s 1432(the)s 1767(user)s 2212(from)s 2723(interfering,)s 3824(the)s 4158(equation)s 5026(is)s 5223(enclosed)s 6105(in)s 220 fnt2 6335 11270(0c @Space)m 240 fnt1 7465 11273(.)m 7616(W)s 19(e)k 7972(will)s 8384(discuss)s 0 10985(the)m 220 fnt2 348 10982(1.2f @Break)m 240 fnt1 1631 10985(later)m 13(.)k 480 10611(Thus)m 1015(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1521(we)s 1861(disposed)s 2762(of)s 3038(the)s 3391(language)s 4316(design)s 5003(part)s 5439(of)s 5715(the)s 6068(equation)s 6954(formatting)s 8020(problem;)s 8934(it)s 0 10323(remains)m 807(no)s 6(w)k 1268(to)s 1507(de\207ne)s 2148(the)s 2496(twenty)s 3201(or)s 3460(so)s 3726(symbols)s 4575(with)s 5057(parameters,)s 6211(and)s 6615(get)s 6967(the)s 7315(layout)s 7973(right.)s 480 9949(Ev)m 3(ery)k 1115(equation)s 2010(has)s 2393(an)s 240 fnt6 2690 9951(axis)m 240 fnt1 3070 9949(:)m 3250(an)s 3546(imaginary)s 4583(horizontal)s 5620(line)s 6048(through)s 6864(the)s 7225(centre)s 7878(of)s 8163(v)s 6(ariables,)k 0 9661(through)m 795(the)s 1136(bar)s 1494(of)s 1757(b)s 4(uilt-up)k 2556(fractions,)s 3491(and)s 3888(so)s 4146(on.)s 4543(W)s 19(e)k 4905(can)s 5287(satisfy)s 5956(this)s 6345(requirement)s 7552(by)s 7839(ensuring)s 8708(that)s 0 9373(the)m 362(result)s 966(of)s 1251(each)s 1761(symbol)s 2535(has)s 2919(a)s 3100(single)s 3741(ro)s 6(w)k 4175(mark,)s 4788(on)s 5099(the)s 5461(axis.)s 6025(F)s 3(or)k 6428(e)s 3(xample,)k 7356(the)s 7719(superscripting)s 0 9085(symbol)m 760(is)s 970(de\207ned)s 1733(as)s 1983(follo)s 6(ws:)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 8586(def sup)m 480 8298( precedence 60)m 480 8010( associativity left)m 480 7722( left x)m 480 7434( named gap { @SupGap })m 480 7146( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 6858({)m 480 6570( @HContr)m 2(act @VContr)k 2(act {)k 480 6282( | @Smaller y)m 480 5994( ^/gap x)m 480 5706( })m 480 5418(})m 240 fnt1 0 4924(The)m 220 fnt2 430 4921(@VContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 1684 4924(and)m 220 fnt2 2091 4921(^/)m 240 fnt1 2320 4924(symbols)m 3171(together)s 4017(ensure)s 4699(that)s 5119(the)s 5470(axis)s 5908(of)s 6181(the)s 6532(result)s 7124(is)s 7336(the)s 7687(axis)s 8125(of)s 8398(the)s 8749(left)s 0 4636(parameter)m 13(.)k 1119(A)s 220 fnt2 1363 4633(gap)m 240 fnt1 1795 4636(parameter)m 2823(has)s 3207(been)s 3730(pro)s 3(vided)k 4650(for)s 5002(v)s 6(arying)k 5794(the)s 6156(height)s 6828(of)s 7113(the)s 7475(superscript,)s 8644(with)s 0 4348(def)m 2(ault)k 709(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 1265 4345(@SupGap)m 240 fnt1 2393 4348(de\207ned)m 3144(else)s 6(where)k 4137(as)s 220 fnt2 4375 4345(0.40fk)m 240 fnt1 4973 4348(.)m 5124(It)s 5317(is)s 5515(important)s 6492(that)s 6898(such)s 7382(g)s 1(aps)k 7859(be)s 8128(e)s 3(xpressed)k 0 4060(in)m 232(units)s 736(that)s 1142(v)s 6(ary)k 1603(with)s 2073(the)s 2410(font)s 2843(size,)s 3309(so)s 3563(that)s 3969(the)s 3(y)k 4420(remain)s 5129(correct)s 5839(when)s 6403(the)s 6739(size)s 7154(changes.)s 8077(Collecting)s 0 3772(the)m 351(def)s 2(ault)k 1076(v)s 6(alues)k 1735(into)s 2164(symbols)s 3016(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 3432 3769(@SupGap)m 240 fnt1 4515 3772(ensures)m 5287(consistenc)s 3(y)k 6457(and)s 6865(assists)s 7529(when)s 8109(tuning)s 8778(the)s 0 3484(v)m 6(alues.)k 769(Here)s 1289(is)s 1499(another)s 2276(characteristic)s 3600(de\207nition:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_6 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 3034(def o)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 480 2746( precedence 54)m 480 2458( associativity left)m 480 2170( left x)m 480 1882( named gap { 0.2f })m 480 1594( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 1306({)m 480 1018( @HContr)m 2(act @VContr)k 2(act {)k 480 730( |0.5r)m -8(t @OneCol x)k 480 442( ^//gap @HLine)m 480 154( //gap |0.5r)m -8(t @OneCol y)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 83 89 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Symbol /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Symbol /fnt4 { /Symbol LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.1.)m 1871(An)s 2191(equation)s 3083(formatting)s 4147(pac)s 4(ka)k 2(g)k 2(e)k 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(83)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13267 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13210( })m 480 12922(})m 240 fnt1 0 12428(Both)m 518(parameters)s 1611(are)s 1953(centred,)s 2758(since)s 3299(we)s 3629(do)s 3917(not)s 4278(kno)s 6(w)k 4853(which)s 5490(will)s 5911(be)s 6188(the)s 6530(wider;)s 7181(we)s 7511(use)s 220 fnt2 7881 12425(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 8887 12428(to)m 0 12140(mak)m 2(e)k 570(sure)s 1021(that)s 1437(the)s 1782(entire)s 2379(parameter)s 3390(is)s 3598(centred,)s 4405(not)s 4769(just)s 5171(its)s 5445(\207rst)s 5873(column,)s 6696(and)s 220 fnt2 7097 12137(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 8358 12140(ensures)m 0 11852(that)m 428(the)s 787(fraction)s 1597(will)s 2034(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2627(e)s 3(xpand)k 3385(to)s 3635(\207ll)s 3966(all)s 4269(the)s 4628(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5547(space,)s 6196(as)s 6457(Lout)s 6980(objects)s 7719(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8231(a)s 8408(natural)s 0 11564(tendenc)m 3(y)k 915(to)s 1154(do)s 1447(\(Section)s 2300(2.6\).)s 220 fnt2 2843 11561(@HLine)m 240 fnt1 3690 11564(is)m 3900(a)s 4066(horizontal)s 5090(line)s 5504(of)s 5775(the)s 6123(width)s 6725(of)s 6996(the)s 7344(column:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11063(def @HLine)m 480 10775( named line { "0.05 ft setline)m 4(width" })k 480 10487({ )m 480 10199( { "0 0 mo)m 3(v)k 5(eto xsiz)k 3(e 0 lineto" line "strok)k 4(e" } @Gr)k 2(aphic {})k 480 9911(})m 240 fnt1 0 9417(Here)m 520(we)s 855(are)s 1202(relying)s 1932(on)s 2229(the)s 2577(e)s 3(xpanding)k 3625(tendenc)s 3(y)k 4540(just)s 4945(mentioned.)s 480 9043(The)m 906(remaining)s 1925(symbols)s 2772(are)s 3116(quite)s 3647(similar)s 4367(to)s 4603(these)s 5148(ones.)s 5748(W)s 19(e)k 6114(conclude)s 7032(with)s 7511(a)s 7675(fe)s 6(w)k 8078(\207ne)s 8490(points)s 0 8755(of)m 271(mathematical)s 1612(typesetting)s 2714(mentioned)s 3782(by)s 4076(a)s 4242(leading)s 4999(authority)s 15(,)k 5954(D.)s 6231(E.)s 6481(Knuth)s 7137([)s [ /Rect [7208 8752 7321 8919] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /ANN pdfmark 7208(6)s 7321(].)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_8 /DEST pdfmark 480 8381(Some)m 1090(symbols,)s 2004(such)s 2509(as)s 240 fnt4 2768 8375(\243)m 240 fnt1 2963 8381(and)m 240 fnt4 3376 8375(\271)m 240 fnt1 3505 8381(,)m 3621(should)s 4327(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4837(a)s 5012(thick)s 5560(space)s 6156(on)s 6462(each)s 6966(side;)s 7472(others,)s 8172(such)s 8677(as)s 240 fnt4 8937 8375(+)m 240 fnt1 0 8093(and)m 240 fnt4 397 8087(-)m 240 fnt1 525 8093(,)m 625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1119(a)s 1278(medium)s 2115(space;)s 2751(others)s 3379(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3873(a)s 4032(thin)s 4454(space)s 5034(on)s 5324(the)s 5665(right)s 6169(only)s 15(.)k 6737(This)s 7206(w)s 2(ould)k 7854(be)s 8129(easy)s 8601(to)s 8833(do)s 0 7805(e)m 3(xcept)k 681(that)s 1099(these)s 1646(spaces)s 2321(are)s 2668(not)s 3034(w)s 2(anted)k 3781(in)s 4024(superscripts)s 5216(and)s 5620(subscripts:)s 168 fnt6 578 7358(n)m 168 fnt4 680 7352(+)m 793(1)s 240 fnt6 480 7260(r)m 240 fnt4 931 7252(-)m 1131(1)s 240 fnt1 0 6801(In)m 271(ef)s 6(fect,)k 929(the)s 1292(de\207nition)s 2281(of)s 2568(such)s 3079(symbols)s 3943(changes)s 4780(depending)s 5846(on)s 6159(the)s 6522(conte)s 3(xt;)k 7350(b)s 4(ut)k 7727(Lout)s 8254(does)s 8760(not)s 0 6513(permit)m 682(such)s 1176(a)s 1340(change.)s 2180(Luckily)s 15(,)k 3015(the)s 3361(so-called)s 4279(`style')s 4919(information)s 6102(set)s 6426(by)s 6718(the)s 220 fnt2 7064 6510(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 7716 6513(,)m 220 fnt2 7821 6510(@Break)m 240 fnt1 8617 6513(,)m 8722(and)s 220 fnt2 0 6222(@Space)m 240 fnt1 891 6225(symbols)m 1734(can)s 2116(change)s 2844(in)s 3080(this)s 3470(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 4009(Accordingly)s 15(,)k 5291(Eq)s 5608(uses)s 6065(the)s 220 fnt2 6406 6222(y)m 240 fnt1 6568 6225(unit,)m 7040(which)s 7676(is)s 7879(part)s 8304(of)s 8568(style,)s 0 5937(for)m 338(these)s 885(spaces:)s 220 fnt2 480 5436(def @MedGap { 0.20y })m 480 4860(def "+" { &@MedGap plus &@MedGap })m 480 4284(def @HSqueez)m 3(e r)k -3(ight x { 0.2f @YUnit x })k 240 fnt1 0 3785(In)m 261(the)s 615(equation)s 1502(as)s 1758(a)s 1929(whole,)s 2627(the)s 2981(y)s 3161(unit)s 3599(is)s 3814(initially)s 4616(set)s 4947(to)s 220 fnt2 5192 3782(1f)m 240 fnt1 5372 3785(,)m 5484(and)s 5894(so)s 220 fnt2 6166 3782(@MedGap)m 240 fnt1 7289 3785(ordinarily)m 8291(supplies)s 0 3497(20%)m 495(of)s 777(this)s 1184(amount.)s 2077(But)s 2494(superscripts)s 3697(and)s 4112(subscripts)s 5130(are)s 5488(enclosed)s 6394(in)s 6648(the)s 220 fnt2 7007 3494(@HSqueez)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 8314 3497(symbol,)m 0 3209(which,)m 744(by)s 1091(changing)s 2075(the)s 2476(y)s 2703(unit,)s 3235(ensures)s 4056(that)s 4527(an)s 3(y)k 220 fnt2 4977 3206(@MedGap)m 240 fnt1 6147 3209(within)m 6868(them)s 7459(is)s 7722(much)s 8364(smaller)s 0 2921(than)m 469(usual.)s 240 fnt5 0 2178(4.2.)m 471(P)s 2(aragraphs,)k 1780(displays,)s 2718(and)s 3159(lists)s [ /Dest /LOUTparas /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 1701(The)m 914(remaining)s 1942(sections)s 2770(of)s 3047(this)s 3449(chapter)s 4219(are)s 4572(all)s 4871(based)s 5481(on)s 5784(V)s 26(ersion)k 6578(2)s 6759(of)s 7036(the)s 7391(DocumentLayout)s 0 1413(package.)m 941(V)s 26(ersion)k 1722(3,)s 1942(which)s 2577(is)s 2779(similar)s 3494(b)s 4(ut)k 3849(more)s 4389(elaborate,)s 5364(is)s 5566(described)s 6533(from)s 7050(the)s 7391(user')s 13(s)k 7991(perspecti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 1125(in)m 250(the)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark 606(User')s 13(s)k 1275(Guide)s 1924([)s [ /Rect [1995 1122 2101 1290] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /ANN pdfmark 1995(5)s 2101(].)s 2352(In)s 2616(26)s 2917(pages)s 3520(of)s 3799(Lout,)s 4366(the)s 4722(DocumentLaytout)s 6531(package)s 7379(de\207nes)s 8116(man)s 3(y)k 8707(fea-)s 0 837(tures)m 505(required)s 1348(in)s 1581(the)s 1918(formatting)s 2968(of)s 3229(simple)s 3911(documents,)s 5045(technical)s 5951(reports,)s 6710(and)s 7104(books,)s 7773(including)s 8719(dis-)s 0 549(plays,)m 603(lists,)s 1085(page)s 1584(layout,)s 2280(cross)s 2813(references,)s 3891(tables)s 4490(of)s 4752(contents,)s 5647(footnotes,)s 6635(\207gures,)s 7384(tables,)s 8039(references,)s 0 261(chapters,)m 903(sections,)s 1780(and)s 2184(sorted)s 2826(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es.)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 84 90 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(84)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13205(The)m 939(symbols)s 1819(used)s 2347(for)s 2716(separating)s 3782(paragraphs)s 4913(and)s 5348(producing)s 6403(displays)s 7269(and)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark 7704(lists)s 8170(may)s 8667(lack)s 0 12917(the)m 351(e)s 3(xcitement)k 1459(of)s 1733(more)s 2284(e)s 3(xotic)k 2921(features,)s 3786(b)s 4(ut)k 4152(the)s 3(y)k 4618(can)s 5010(teach)s 5574(some)s 6139(important)s 7131(lessons)s 7876(about)s 8472(rob)s 4(ust)k 0 12629(design.)m 786(The)s 1211(follo)s 6(wing)k 2185(macro)s 2832(for)s 3167(separating)s 4199(paragraphs)s 5296(produces)s 6207(a)s 6370(0.3)s 6711(cm)s 7060(v)s 3(ertical)k 7824(space)s 8408(and)s 8809(a)s 8971(1)s 0 12341(cm)m 352(indent)s 1010(on)s 1307(the)s 1655(follo)s 6(wing)k 2632(line,)s 3097(and)s 3501(is)s 3711(clearly)s 4414(on)s 4711(the)s 5059(right)s 5570(track:)s 220 fnt2 480 11840(macro @PP { //0.3c &1c })m 240 fnt1 0 11346(Ne)m 6(v)k 3(ertheless)k 1276(it)s 1468(has)s 1838(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 2560(major)s 3177(problems.)s 480 10972(The)m 220 fnt2 926 10969(&)m 240 fnt1 1147 10972(symbol)m 1926(is)s 2154(subject)s 2910(to)s 3168(widening)s 4130(during)s 4827(line)s 5260(adjustment,)s 6434(so)s 6719(it)s 6930(should)s 7645(be)s 7946(replaced)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt2 0 10681(1c @Wide {})m 240 fnt1 1213 10684(.)m 1387(But)s 1804(then)s 2284(white)s 2882(space)s 3480(follo)s 6(wing)k 4468(the)s 4827(symbol)s 5597(will)s 6034(af)s 6(fect)k 6641(the)s 7000(result,)s 7648(so)s 7925(an)s 8219(e)s 3(xtra)k 220 fnt2 8764 10681(&0i)m 240 fnt1 0 10396(must)m 528(be)s 814(added.)s 1553(If)s 1787(the)s 2138(document)s 3146(is)s 3359(printed)s 4098(double)s 4810(spaced,)s 5571(this)s 5971(paragraph)s 6987(g)s 1(ap)k 7389(will)s 7818(f)s 2(ail)k 8192(to)s 8435(widen:)s 0 10108(it)m 204(should)s 914(be)s 1208(e)s 3(xpressed)k 2219(in)s 2475(terms)s 3068(of)s 3352(the)s 220 fnt2 3712 10105(v)m 240 fnt1 3894 10108(unit,)m 4386(with)s 4880(mark-to-mark)s 6280(spacing)s 7076(mode.)s 7785(Similarly)s 15(,)k 8778(the)s 0 9820(paragraph)m 1013(indent)s 1671(should)s 2368(probably)s 3273(be)s 3555(made)s 4129(proportional)s 5366(to)s 5605(the)s 5953(font)s 6398(size.)s 480 9446(`Magic)m 1211(numbers')s 2135(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 2535 9443(0.3c)m 240 fnt1 2993 9446(should)m 3678(not)s 4032(be)s 4302(b)s 4(uried)k 4955(in)s 5186(de\207nitions)s 6235(where)s 6863(the)s 3(y)k 7314(cannot)s 8000(be)s 8270(changed)s 0 9158(easily)m 15(,)k 649(or)s 908(k)s 2(ept)k 1378(consistent)s 2394(with)s 2876(similar)s 3598(de\207nitions)s 4659(during)s 5337(tuning.)s 6113(The)s 3(y)k 6656(are)s 7003(much)s 7592(better)s 8195(placed)s 8876(as)s 0 8870(symbols,)m 905(possibly)s 1757(parameters)s 2855(of)s 3126(the)s 3474(enclosing)s 4444(package:)s 220 fnt2 480 8369(def @DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark 480 8081( named @P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap { 1.3vx })k 480 7793( named @P)m 8(ar)k 2(aIndent { 2f })k 480 7505( ...)m 480 7217(@Begin)m 480 6641( macro @PP { //@P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap @P)k 8(ar)k 2(aIndent @Wide &0i })k 480 6353( macro @LP { //@P)m 8(ar)k 2(aGap })k 480 6065( ...)m 480 5777(@End @DocumentLa)m 6(y)k 4(out)k 240 fnt1 0 5279(and)m 404(we)s 739(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1240(arri)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 1965(at)s 2197(the)s 2545(de\207nition)s 3519(of)s 220 fnt2 3790 5276(@PP)m 240 fnt1 4356 5279(as)m 4606(it)s 4798(appears)s 5579(in)s 5822(the)s 6170(DocumentLayout)s 7905(package.)s 480 4905(A)m 710(display)s 1455(is)s 1665(a)s 1831(table)s 2351(in)s 2594(which)s 3236(the)s 3584(\207rst)s 4015(column)s 4790(is)s 5000(blank:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_4 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 480 4402(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt2 480 4109(//@DispGap |@DispIndent)m 240 fnt6 3183 4114(display)m 220 fnt2 480 3821(//@DispGap)m 240 fnt6 480 3538(following)m 1438(te)s 4(xt)k 240 fnt1 0 3037(Edge-to-edge)m 1345(is)s 1557(the)s 1906(appropriate)s 3052(spacing)s 3838(mode)s 4427(before)s 5095(and)s 5500(after)s 5998(displays,)s 6891(since)s 7439(the)s 7789(display)s 8536(could)s 0 2749(be)m 273(a)s 430(table)s 941(or)s 1191(\207gure)s 1796(whose)s 2455(mark)s 2998(does)s 3479(not)s 3836(correspond)s 4948(to)s 5178(a)s 5335(baseline.)s 6273(Thus,)s 220 fnt2 6850 2746(1v)m 240 fnt1 7132 2749(is)m 7333(a)s 7490(reasonable)s 8558(v)s 6(alue)k 0 2461(for)m 220 fnt2 338 2458(@DispGap)m 240 fnt1 1406 2461(.)m 480 2087(The)m 957(ordinary)s 1871(user)s 2379(cannot)s 3126(be)s 3458(e)s 3(xpected)k 4413(to)s 4702(type)s 5219(the)s 5617(Lout)s 6179(source)s 6908(sho)s 6(wn)k 7635(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e;)k 8363(a)s 8579(more)s 0 1799(appropriate)m 1144(syntax)s 1824(is)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt6 480 1296(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt2 480 1003(@IndentedDispla)m 6(y {)k 240 fnt6 2514 1008(display)m 220 fnt2 3321 1003(})m 240 fnt6 480 720(following)m 1438(te)s 4(xt)k 240 fnt1 0 219(This)m 491(presents)s 1340(a)s 1521(problem:)s 2499(if)s 220 fnt2 2731 216(@IndentedDispla)m 6(y)k 240 fnt1 4593 219(is)m 4819(made)s 5408(a)s 5589(de\207nition)s 6578(with)s 7075(a)s 7256(right)s 7782(parameter)s 9(,)k 8850(its)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 85 91 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.2.)m 1871(P)s 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs,)k 3082(displays,)s 3959(and)s 4385(lists)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(85)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(result)m 598(will)s 1032(be)s 1322(an)s 1613(object)s 2265(separated)s 3233(from)s 3765(the)s 4121(surrounding)s 5339(te)s 3(xt)k 5762(only)s 6250(by)s 6552(white)s 7147(space,)s 7793(hence)s 8415(part)s 8855(of)s 0 12917(the)m 343(paragraph;)s 1405(while)s 1986(if)s 2197(it)s 2383(is)s 2587(a)s 2747(macro,)s 3445(the)s 3787(\207nal)s 220 fnt2 4261 12914(//@DispGap)m 240 fnt1 5505 12917(cannot)m 6197(be)s 6473(included)s 7349(in)s 7586(it.)s 7876(The)s 8298(solution)s 0 12629(adopted)m 816(in)s 1059(the)s 1407(DocumentLayout)s 3142(package)s 3982(uses)s 4445(a)s 4611(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5245(and)s 5649(a)s 5815(macro:)s 220 fnt2 480 12128( def @DispPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 11840( def @Disp into { @DispPlace&&preceding })m 480 11552( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 11264( {)m 480 10976( @OneRo)m 3(w x)k 480 10688( })m 480 10112( macro @IndentedDispla)m 6(y)k 480 9824( {)m 480 9536( //@DispGap |@DispIndent @DispPlace |)m 480 9248( //@DispGap // @Disp)m 480 8960( })m 0 8463(@DispPlace)m 240 fnt1 1257 8466(and)m 220 fnt2 1657 8463(@Disp)m 240 fnt1 2366 8466(are)m 2709(not)s 3070(e)s 3(xported,)k 4007(so)s 4269(there)s 4798(is)s 5003(no)s 5292(danger)s 5999(of)s 6266(a)s 6427(name)s 6997(clash)s 7541(with)s 8019(some)s 8575(other)s 0 8178(symbol.)m 869(The)s 1297(ordinary)s 2161(user')s 13(s)k 2769(syntax)s 3449(e)s 3(xpands)k 4282(to)s 240 fnt6 480 7675(pr)m 8(eceding)k 1483(te)s 4(xt)k 220 fnt2 480 7382(//@DispGap |@DispIndent @DispPlace |)m 480 7094(//@DispGap // @Disp {)m 240 fnt6 2890 7099(display)m 220 fnt2 3637 7094(})m 240 fnt6 480 6811(following)m 1438(te)s 4(xt)k 240 fnt1 0 6310(and)m 397(the)s 220 fnt2 737 6307(@Disp)m 240 fnt1 1442 6310(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2068(appears)s 2842(at)s 3066(the)s 3406(preceding)s 220 fnt2 4394 6307(@DispPlace)m 240 fnt1 5595 6310(,)m 5694(being)s 6272(itself)s 6812(replaced)s 7671(by)s 220 fnt2 7957 6307(@Null)m 240 fnt1 8542 6310(.)m 8698(The)s 220 fnt2 0 6019(//)m 240 fnt1 184 6022(symbol)m 942(protects)s 1748(the)s 2094(preceding)s 220 fnt2 3088 6019(//@DispGap)m 240 fnt1 4337 6022(from)m 4859(being)s 5443(deleted)s 6189(by)s 6481(this)s 220 fnt2 6876 6019(@Null)m 240 fnt1 7519 6022(when)m 8094(there)s 8625(is)s 8833(no)s 0 5734(follo)m 6(wing)k 977(te)s 3(xt.)k 480 5360(An)m 858(automatically)s 2240(numbered)s 3283(list)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_6 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_7 /DEST pdfmark 3662(could)s 4280(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4809(an)s 5121(arbitrarily)s 6156(lar)s 4(ge)k 6713(number)s 7532(of)s 7831(items,)s 8483(so,)s 8832(by)s 0 5072(analogy)m 812(with)s 1294(sequences)s 2315(of)s 2586(pages,)s 3238(we)s 3573(see)s 3934(immmediately)s 5368(that)s 5786(recursion)s 6732(must)s 7257(be)s 7539(in)s 9(v)k 4(olv)k 3(ed:)k 220 fnt2 480 4571(def @List r)m -3(ight n)k 2(um)k 480 4283({)m 480 3995( @DispIndent @Wide n)m 2(um.)k 13( | @ItemPlace)k 480 3707( //@DispGap @List @Ne)m 6(xt n)k 2(um)k 480 3419(})m 240 fnt1 0 2925(Notice)m 689(ho)s 6(w)k 1146(the)s 220 fnt2 1490 2922(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 2210 2925(symbol)m 2965(w)s 2(orks)k 3595(in)s 3834(conjunction)s 5017(with)s 5495(the)s 5838(recursion)s 6780(to)s 7015(produce)s 7838(an)s 8116(ascending)s 0 2637(sequence)m 933(of)s 1204(numbers;)s 2140(the)s 2488(result)s 3078(of)s 220 fnt2 3349 2634(@List 1)m 240 fnt1 4113 2637(will)m 4539(be)s 220 fnt2 480 2136(1.)m 13( @ItemPlace)k 480 1848(2.)m 13( @ItemPlace)k 480 1560(3.)m 13( @ItemPlace)k 480 1272(...)m 240 fnt1 0 821(W)m 19(e)k 362(can)s 744(follo)s 6(w)k 1408(this)s 1797(with)s 2271(items)s 2832(which)s 3466(are)s 3806(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 4522(tar)s 4(geted)k 5338(to)s 220 fnt2 5569 818(@ItemPlace&&preceding)m 240 fnt1 8010 821(,)m 8110(and)s 220 fnt2 8506 818(@List)m 240 fnt1 0 533(will)m 426(e)s 3(xpand)k 1173(just)s 1578(enough)s 2341(to)s 2580(accommodate)s 3964(them.)s 480 159(The)m 908(usual)s 1468(problem)s 2325(with)s 2806(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e-)k 3740(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4662(symbols)s 5511(no)s 6(w)k 5972(arises:)s 6680(there)s 7213(is)s 7423(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 8134(one)s 8535(une)s 3(x-)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 86 92 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(86)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(panded)m 220 fnt2 753 13202(@List)m 240 fnt1 1313 13205(,)m 1424(and)s 1832(until)s 2329(it)s 2525(can)s 2917(be)s 3203(remo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 4096(the)s 4448(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5086(containing)s 6152(it)s 6348(will)s 6778(appear)s 7479(to)s 7722(be)s 8008(incomplete)s 0 12917(and)m 394(will)s 810(be)s 1081(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ented)k 2063(at)s 2285(that)s 2692(point)s 3234(from)s 3747(\210ushing)s 4562(into)s 4977(its)s 5242(parent)s 5889(\(see)s 6318(page)s 6816(30\).)s 7289(W)s 19(e)k 7647(adopt)s 8229(the)s 8566(usual)s 0 12629(solution:)m 937(a)s 1104(forcing)s 1847(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2482(into)s 2908(a)s 3074(later)s 3558(tar)s 4(get)k 4158(will)s 4584(replace)s 5330(the)s 5679(last)s 220 fnt2 6070 12626(@List)m 240 fnt1 6691 12629(by)m 220 fnt2 6986 12626(@Null)m 240 fnt1 7571 12629(.)m 7735(This)s 8212(brings)s 8862(us)s 0 12341(to)m 239(the)s 587(de\207nitions)s 1648(as)s 1898(the)s 3(y)k 2361(appear)s 3058(in)s 3301(DocumentLayout:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_8 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11840(def @ItemPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 11552(def @ListItem into { @ItemPlace&&preceding })m 480 11264( r)m -3(ight x)k 480 10976({ x })m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_para_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 10484(def @EndListPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 480 10196(def @EndList f)m 6(orce into { @EndListPlace&&preceding })k 480 9908({})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_para_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 9416(def @Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k 480 9128( named style r)m -3(ight tag {})k 480 8840( named indent { @DispIndent })m 480 8552( named gap { @DispGap })m 480 8264( named star)m -8(t { 1 })k 480 7976({)m 480 7688( def @IList r)m -3(ight n)k 2(um)k 480 7400( {)m 480 7112( indent @Wide {style n)m 2(um} | @ItemPlace)k 480 6824( //gap @IList @Ne)m 6(xt n)k 2(um)k 480 6536( })m 480 5960( @IList star)m -8(t // @EndListPlace)k 480 5672(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_para_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 5178(No)m 6(w)k 514(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1094(the)s 1442(input)s 220 fnt2 480 4677(@Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k 480 4389(@ListItem { \207rst item })m 480 4101(@ListItem { second item })m 480 3813(...)m 480 3525(@ListItem { last item })m 480 3237(@EndList)m 0 2779(@Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k 240 fnt1 1908 2782(will)m 2334(e)s 3(xpand)k 3081(to)s 3320(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4056(the)s 4404(items,)s 5028(and)s 5432(will)s 5858(be)s 6140(closed)s 6809(of)s 6(f)k 7153(by)s 220 fnt2 7447 2779(@EndList)m 240 fnt1 8397 2782(.)m 480 2408(The)m 220 fnt2 913 2405(indent)m 240 fnt1 1506 2408(,)m 220 fnt2 1619 2405(gap)m 240 fnt1 1977 2408(,)m 2089(and)s 220 fnt2 2499 2405(star)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2996 2408(parameters)m 4099(are)s 4452(straightforw)s 2(ard)k 5986(\(note)s 6538(that)s 6962(the)s 7316(b)s 4(urden)k 8039(of)s 8316(typing)s 220 fnt2 8987 2405(1)m 240 fnt1 0 2120(has)m 378(been)s 895(lifted)s 1464(from)s 1996(the)s 2352(ordinary)s 3224(user\),)s 3816(b)s 4(ut)k 4186(the)s 220 fnt2 4543 2117(style)m 240 fnt1 5054 2120(parameter)m 6076(has)s 6454(a)s 6628(parameter)s 7650(of)s 7929(its)s 8213(o)s 6(wn)k 8686(\(see)s 0 1832(page)m 508(17\).)s 991(It)s 1196(is)s 1406(used)s 1903(lik)s 2(e)k 2315(this:)s 220 fnt2 480 1331(def @Ra)m 4(wNumberedList { @Ra)k 4(wIndentedList style { tag.)k 13( } })k 480 1043(def @Ra)m 4(wP)k 8(arenNumberedList { @Ra)k 4(wIndentedList style { \(tag\) } })k 240 fnt1 0 544(In)m 220 fnt2 276 541(@Ra)m 4(wNumberedList)k 240 fnt1 2294 544(,)m 220 fnt2 2422 541(style)m 240 fnt1 2946 544(is)m 3176(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3777(the)s 4146(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 4734 541(tag.)m 240 fnt1 5081 544(,)m 5209(where)s 220 fnt2 5870 541(tag)m 240 fnt1 6243 544(is)m 6474(its)s 6771(o)s 6(wn)k 7255(right)s 7787(parameter)s 9(,)k 8860(so)s 0 256(the)m 348(v)s 6(alue)k 916(of)s 220 fnt2 1187 253({style n)m 2(um})k 240 fnt1 2321 256(within)m 220 fnt2 2989 253(@IList)m 240 fnt1 3670 256(is)m 220 fnt2 3880 253(n)m 2(um.)k 240 fnt1 4347 256(;)m 4459(while)s 5046(in)s 220 fnt2 5289 253(@Ra)m 4(wP)k 8(arenNumberedList)k 240 fnt1 7884 256(,)m 220 fnt2 7992 253({style n)m 2(um})k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 87 93 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.2.)m 1871(P)s 19(ar)k 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs,)k 3082(displays,)s 3959(and)s 4385(lists)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(87)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(is)m 220 fnt2 219 13202(\(n)m 2(um\))k 240 fnt1 776 13205(.)m 949(In)s 1215(this)s 1620(w)s 2(ay)k 2080(we)s 2425(achie)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3211(an)s 3503(unlimited)s 4487(v)s 6(ariety)k 5207(of)s 5487(numbering)s 6587(formats)s 7376(without)s 8176(ha)s 4(ving)k 8887(to)s 0 12917(re)m 6(write)k 220 fnt2 725 12914(@Ra)m 4(wIndentedList)k 240 fnt1 2633 12917(o)m 3(v)k 3(er)k 3112(and)s 3516(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 13(.)k 480 12543(These)m 1113(list)s 1470(symbols)s 2325(are)s 2678(objects)s 3412(without)s 4209(surrounding)s 5425(space,)s 6069(so)s 6341(macros)s 7088(similar)s 7816(to)s 8061(those)s 8629(used)s 0 12255(for)m 338(displays)s 1173(are)s 1520(needed:)s 220 fnt2 480 11754(macro @NumberedList { //@DispGap @Ra)m 4(wNumberedList //@DispGap })k 480 11466(macro @P)m 8(arenNumberedList { //@DispGap @Ra)k 4(wP)k 8(arenNumberedList //@DispGap })k 240 fnt1 0 10970(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 480 10596(Lists)m 994(numbered)s 2007(by)s 2300(Roman)s 3047(numerals)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_9 /DEST pdfmark 3973(present)s 4721(a)s 4886(problem,)s 5788(because)s 220 fnt2 6600 10593(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 7322 10596(will)m 7747(not)s 8111(increment)s 0 10308(Roman)m 749(numerals.)s 1789(Instead,)s 2586(the)s 3(y)k 3049(must)s 3574(be)s 3856(stored)s 4498(in)s 4741(a)s 4907(database:)s 220 fnt2 480 9807(def @Roman)m 480 9519( left @T)m 26(ag)k 480 9231( r)m -3(ight @V)k 15(al)k 480 8943({ @V)m 15(al })k 480 8367(@SysDatabase @Roman { standard })m 0 7866(@SysDatabase)m 240 fnt1 1602 7869(is)m 1835(preferred)s 2790(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 220 fnt2 3292 7866(@Database)m 240 fnt1 4529 7869(here)m 5019(because)s 5855(this)s 6274(database)s 7176(should)s 7896(be)s 8201(k)s 2(ept)k 8694(in)s 8960(a)s 0 7581(standard)m 880(place)s 1452(and)s 1868(shared)s 2562(by)s 2868(e)s 6(v)k 3(eryone.)k 3912(The)s 4352(database)s 5243(itself,)s 5838(a)s 6016(\207le)s 6389(called)s 220 fnt2 7029 7578(standard.ld)m 240 fnt1 8174 7581(in)m 8429(Basser)s 0 7293(Lout,)m 559(contains)s 1407(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 2548(of)s 220 fnt2 2819 7290(@Roman)m 240 fnt1 3735 7293(,)m 3842(each)s 4337(enclosed)s 5232(in)s 5475(braces:)s 220 fnt2 480 6811({ 1 @Roman i })m 480 6523({ 2 @Roman ii })m 480 6235(...)m 480 5947({ 100 @Roman c })m 240 fnt1 0 5453(Then)m 220 fnt2 549 5450(@Roman&&12)m 240 fnt1 2065 5453(for)m 2403(e)s 3(xample)k 3266(has)s 3636(v)s 6(alue)k 4204(xii,)s 4563(and)s 220 fnt2 480 4952(def @Ra)m 4(wRomanList { @Ra)k 4(wIndentedList style { {@Roman&&tag}.)k 13( } })k 240 fnt1 0 4453(produces)m 922(a)s 1096(list)s 1454(numbered)s 2477(by)s 2779(Roman)s 3535(numerals.)s 4583(The)s 5019(counting)s 5917(still)s 6337(proceeds)s 7246(in)s 7496(Arabic,)s 8261(b)s 4(ut)k 8631(each)s 0 4165(Arabic)m 719(numeral)s 1573(is)s 1799(con)s 9(v)k 3(erted)k 2804(to)s 3059(Roman)s 3824(by)s 4134(the)s 4498(cross)s 5056(reference.)s 6123(Since)s 6726(arbitrary)s 7617(objects)s 8361(may)s 8844(be)s 0 3877(stored)m 642(in)s 885(databases,)s 1908(arbitrary)s 2783(\207nite)s 3330(sequences)s 4351(of)s 4622(objects)s 5350(may)s 5816(be)s 6098(`counted')s 7047(in)s 7290(this)s 7686(w)s 2(ay)k 15(.)k 240 fnt5 0 3085(4.3.)m 471(P)s 2(age)k 1017(lay)s 6(out)k [ /Dest /LOUTpagelayout /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 2608(The)m 921(page)s 1443(layout)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark 2115(de\207nitions)s 3190(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3783(in)s 4040(Section)s 4828(1.2,)s 5249(although)s 6158(correct,)s 6940(are)s 7301(v)s 3(ery)k 7791(basic.)s 8460(In)s 8730(this)s 0 2320(section)m 726(we)s 1053(present)s 1795(the)s 2135(de\207nitions)s 3187(used)s 3676(by)s 3962(the)s 4302(DocumentLayout)s 6029(package)s 6860(for)s 7190(laying)s 7833(out)s 8191(the)s 8530(pages)s 0 2032(of)m 271(books,)s 950(including)s 1906(running)s 2704(page)s 3211(headers)s 3991(and)s 4394(footers,)s 5164(dif)s 6(ferent)k 6038(formats)s 6817(for)s 7155(odd)s 7572(and)s 7975(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8474(pages,)s 0 1744(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 1074(The)s 1502(present)s 2252(document)s 3256(is)s 3466(produced)s 4415(with)s 4897(these)s 5444(de\207nitions.)s 480 1370(W)m 19(e)k 846(be)s 3(gin)k 1429(with)s 1908(a)s 2071(fe)s 6(w)k 2474(de\207nitions)s 3531(which)s 4170(permit)s 4850(the)s 5195(user)s 5650(to)s 5885(create)s 6507(cross)s 7046(references)s 8074(of)s 8342(the)s 8686(`see)s 0 1082(page)m 509(27')s 863(v)s 6(ariety)k 1576(which)s 2220(will)s 2647(be)s 2931(k)s 2(ept)k 3403(up)s 3698(to)s 3938(date)s 4394(automatically)s 15(.)k 5845(The)s 6275(user)s 6734(marks)s 7371(the)s 7721(tar)s 4(get)k 8322(page)s 8832(by)s 0 794(placing)m 220 fnt2 756 791(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k intro)k 240 fnt1 2454 794(,)m 2560(for)s 2897(e)s 3(xample,)k 3810(at)s 4041(the)s 4388(point)s 4939(of)s 5209(interest,)s 6017(and)s 6420(refers)s 7012(to)s 7250(the)s 7597(mark)s 2(ed)k 8369(page)s 8876(as)s 220 fnt2 0 503(@P)m 8(ageOf intro)k 240 fnt1 1499 506(else)m 6(where:)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 88 94 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(88)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12919(def @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag { @Null })k [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 12422(def @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12134({)m 480 11846( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x)k 480 11558(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 11066(def @P)m 8(ageOf r)k -3(ight x)k 480 10778({)m 480 10490( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 480 10202(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9708(W)m 19(e)k 385(will)s 828(see)s 1206(belo)s 6(w)k 1856(that)s 2291(an)s 2591(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 3662(of)s 220 fnt2 3949 9705(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 5435 9708(appears)m 6233(before)s 6916(each)s 7428(page,)s 8004(with)s 220 fnt2 8503 9705(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 0 9420(parameter)m 1014(equal)s 1587(to)s 1826(the)s 2174(page)s 2682(number)s 13(.)k 3564(Suppose)s 4432(that)s 220 fnt2 4850 9417(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k intro)k 240 fnt1 6548 9420(,)m 6655(which)s 7297(e)s 3(xpands)k 8130(to)s 220 fnt2 480 8919(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged intro)k 240 fnt1 0 8420(happens)m 855(to)s 1113(f)s 2(all)k 1502(on)s 1819(page)s 2346(27)s 2653(of)s 2944(the)s 3311(\207nal)s 3810(printed)s 4564(document)s 5588(\(of)s 5957(course,)s 6707(its)s 7003(v)s 6(alue)k 7590(is)s 220 fnt2 7819 8417(@Null)m 240 fnt1 8484 8420(which)m 0 8132(mak)m 2(es)k 686(it)s 905(in)s 9(visible\).)k 1988(Then)s 2564(the)s 2939(ef)s 6(fect)k 3561(of)s 220 fnt2 3859 8129(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt1 4874 8132(is)m 5111(to)s 5377(attach)s 220 fnt2 6030 8129(intro)m 240 fnt1 6536 8132(as)m 6812(an)s 7122(e)s 3(xtra)k 7683(tag)s 8054(to)s 8320(the)s 8695(\207rst)s 0 7844(in)m 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1092(of)s 220 fnt2 1401 7841(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 2908 7844(preceding)m 3943(that)s 4399(\207nal)s 4917(point,)s 5554(and)s 5997(this)s 6431(must)s 6994(be)s 220 fnt2 7315 7841(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er 27)k 240 fnt1 9022 7844(.)m 0 7556(Therefore)m 997(the)s 1345(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt2 480 7055(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&intro @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 6556(will)m 422(open)s 941(the)s 1285(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 220 fnt2 2334 6553(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er 27)k 240 fnt1 4097 6556(and)m 4497(yield)s 5028(the)s 5372(v)s 6(alue)k 5936(of)s 6203(its)s 220 fnt2 6474 6553(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 7093 6556(parameter)m 9(,)k 8141(27.)s 8540(Thus,)s 220 fnt2 0 6265(@P)m 8(ageOf intro)k 240 fnt1 1499 6268(appearing)m 2495(an)s 3(ywhere)k 3478(in)s 3721(the)s 4069(document)s 5073(yields)s 5695(27.)s 480 5894(Ne)m 3(xt)k 1009(we)s 1351(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1859(some)s 2427(little)s 2926(de\207nitions)s 3994(for)s 4339(v)s 6(arious)k 5095(parts)s 5617(of)s 5895(the)s 6250(page.)s 220 fnt2 6873 5891(@FullPlace)m 240 fnt1 8055 5894(will)m 8488(be)s 8778(the)s 0 5606(tar)m 4(get)k 599(of)s 870(full-width)s 1882(body)s 2416(te)s 3(xt:)k 220 fnt2 480 5105(def @FullPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 0 4604(@ColPlace)m 240 fnt1 1151 4607(will)m 1577(be)s 1859(the)s 2207(tar)s 4(get)k 2806(of)s 3077(body)s 3611(te)s 3(xt)k 4026(within)s 4694(one)s 5096(column:)s 220 fnt2 480 4106(def @ColPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k 0 3605(@T)m 26(opList)k 240 fnt1 972 3608(will)m 1398(be)s 1680(the)s 2028(tar)s 4(get)k 2627(of)s 2898(\207gures)s 3600(and)s 4004(tables:)s 220 fnt2 480 3107(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 2819(def @T)m 26(opList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k 480 2531({)m 480 2243( @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 1955( //@T)m 26(opGap @T)k 26(opList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k 480 1667(})m 240 fnt1 0 1173(W)m 19(e)k 392(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 916(tak)s 2(en)k 1512(a)s 1702(shortcut)s 2555(here,)s 3096(a)s 4(v)k 4(oiding)k 4002(an)s 4309(unnecessary)s 220 fnt2 5555 1170(@T)m 26(opPlace)k 240 fnt1 6753 1173(symbol.)m 220 fnt2 7645 1170(@F)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt1 8722 1173(and)m 220 fnt2 0 882(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 1142 885(de\207ne)m 1774(a)s 1931(sequence)s 2854(of)s 3116(full-width)s 4119(tar)s 4(gets)k 4793(at)s 5015(the)s 5354(foot)s 5790(of)s 6052(the)s 6390(page)s 6889(for)s 7218(footnotes,)s 8205(preceded)s 0 597(by)m 294(a)s 460(short)s 998(horizontal)s 2022(line:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 96(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 89 95 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.3.)m 1871(P)s 19(a)k 2(g)k 2(e)k 2393(layout)s 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(89)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(def @F)m 6(ootList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12919({)m 480 12631( @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 12343( //@F)m 6(ootGap @F)k 6(ootList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12055(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_4 /DEST pdfmark 480 11563(def @F)m 6(ootSect)k 480 11275({)m 480 10987( @F)m 6(ootLen @Wide @HLine)k 480 10699( //@F)m 6(ootGap @F)k 6(ootList 1 ||@F)k 6(ootLen)k 480 10411(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9917(Similarly)m 15(,)k 220 fnt2 988 9914(@ColF)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt1 2378 9917(and)m 220 fnt2 2791 9914(@ColF)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 4279 9917(pro)m 3(vide)k 5072(a)s 5247(sequence)s 6189(of)s 6469(tar)s 4(gets)k 7161(for)s 7508(footnotes)s 8458(within)s 0 9629(one)m 402(column:)s 220 fnt2 480 9178(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 8890(def @ColF)m 6(ootList r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k 480 8602({)m 480 8314( @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 8026( //@F)m 6(ootGap @ColF)k 6(ootList @Ne)k 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k 480 7738(})m 480 7162(def @ColF)m 6(ootSect)k 480 6874({)m 480 6586( @ColF)m 6(ootLen @Wide @HLine)k 480 6298( //@F)m 6(ootGap @ColF)k 6(ootList 1 ||@ColF)k 6(ootLen)k 480 6010(})m 240 fnt1 0 5516(The)m 428(ne)s 3(xt)k 897(de\207nition)s 1871(pro)s 3(vides)k 2743(a)s 2909(horizontal)s 3933(sequence)s 4866(of)s 5137(one)s 5539(or)s 5798(more)s 6345(columns:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5015(def @ColList r)m -3(ight col)k 480 4727({)m 480 4439( def @Column)m 480 4151( { @VExpand { @ColPlace //1r)m -8(t @OneRo)k 3(w { //@MidGap @ColF)k 6(ootSect } } })k 480 3575( col @Case {)m 480 3287( Single @Y)m 4(ield @Column)k 480 2999( Doub)m 4(le @Y)k 4(ield { @Doub)k 4(leColWidth @Wide @Column ||@ColGap @ColList col })k 480 2711( Multi @Y)m 4(ield { @MultiColWidth @Wide @Column ||@ColGap @ColList col })k 480 2423( })m 480 2135(})m 240 fnt1 0 1641(Each)m 537(column)s 1315(consists)s 2125(of)s 2399(a)s 220 fnt2 2568 1638(@ColPlace)m 240 fnt1 3721 1641(at)m 3956(the)s 4307(top)s 4668(and)s 5075(a)s 220 fnt2 5243 1638(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 6397 1641(at)m 6632(the)s 6982(foot.)s 7534(The)s 220 fnt2 7965 1638(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 0 1353(symbol)m 772(ensures)s 1553(that)s 1983(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2977(a)s 3156(column)s 3943(comes)s 4618(into)s 5056(e)s 3(xistence,)k 6061(it)s 6266(will)s 6705(e)s 3(xpand)k 7464(v)s 3(ertically)k 8429(so)s 8708(that)s 0 1065(the)m 360(bottom-justi\207cation)s 220 fnt2 2315 1062(//1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 2769 1065(has)m 3152(as)s 3414(much)s 4016(space)s 4615(as)s 4878(possible)s 5730(to)s 5982(w)s 2(ork)k 6545(within.)s 7333(The)s 220 fnt2 7773 1062(col)m 240 fnt1 8112 1065(parameter)m 0 777(determines)m 1099(whether)s 1929(the)s 2277(result)s 2867(has)s 3237(a)s 3403(single)s 4030(column,)s 4855(double)s 5563(columns,)s 6481(or)s 6740(multiple)s 7592(columns.)s 480 403(The)m 220 fnt2 908 400(@P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 1687 403(symbol)m 2447(places)s 3095(its)s 3371(parameter)s 4385(in)s 4628(a)s 4794(page)s 5302(of)s 5573(\207x)s 3(ed)k 6107(width,)s 6759(height,)s 7464(and)s 7868(mar)s 4(gins:)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_6 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 90 96 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(90)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(def @P)m 8(age r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12919({)m 480 12631( @P)m 8(ageWidth @Wide @P)k 8(ageHeight @High {)k 480 12343( //@P)m 8(ageMargin ||@P)k 8(ageMargin)k 480 12055( @HExpand @VExpand x)m 480 11767( ||@P)m 8(ageMargin //@P)k 8(ageMargin)k 480 11479( })m 480 11191(})m 0 10694(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 1169 10697(and)m 220 fnt2 1568 10694(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 2725 10697(ensure)m 3400(that)s 3814(the)s 4157(right)s 4664(parameter)s 5673(occupies)s 6557(all)s 6845(the)s 7189(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8092(space;)s 8730(this)s 0 10409(is)m 218(important)s 1215(when)s 1800(the)s 2156(right)s 2676(parameter)s 3698(is)s 3916(unusually)s 4910(small.)s 5599(The)s 220 fnt2 6036 10406(@High)m 240 fnt1 6763 10409(symbol)m 7531(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 8087(the)s 8443(page)s 8960(a)s 0 10121(single)m 627(ro)s 6(w)k 1047(mark,)s 1645(ensuring)s 2522(that)s 2940(it)s 3132(will)s 3558(be)s 3840(printed)s 4575(on)s 4872(a)s 5038(single)s 5665(sheet)s 6216(of)s 6487(paper)s 7078(\(page)s 7665(30\).)s 480 9747(Ne)m 3(xt)k 1002(we)s 1337(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 1838 9744(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 2972 9747(,)m 3079(de\207ning)s 3917(a)s 4083(typical)s 4788(page)s 5296(of)s 5567(a)s 5733(book)s 6274(or)s 6533(other)s 7084(document:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_7 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9246(def @OneP)m 8(age)k 480 8958( named @Columns {})m 480 8670( named @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op {})k 480 8382( named @P)m 8(ageF)k 6(oot {})k 480 8094({)m 480 7806( @P)m 8(age {)k 480 7518( @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op)k 480 7230( //@MidGap @T)m 26(opList)k 480 6942( //@MidGap @FullPlace)m 480 6654( //@MidGap @ColList @Columns)m 480 6366( // //1r)m -8(t @OneRo)k 3(w { //@MidGap @F)k 6(ootSect //@MidGap @P)k 8(ageF)k 6(oot })k 480 6078( })m 480 5790(})m 240 fnt1 0 5296(The)m 431(page)s 943(top)s 1305(and)s 1713(page)s 2224(foot,)s 2720(and)s 3128(the)s 3479(number)s 4274(of)s 4548(columns,)s 5470(are)s 5821(parameters)s 6922(that)s 7344(will)s 7773(be)s 8059(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8643(later)s 0 5008(when)m 220 fnt2 565 5005(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 1747 5008(is)m 1946(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k 2855(The)s 3272(body)s 3794(of)s 4054(the)s 4390(page)s 4887(is)s 5085(a)s 5240(straightforw)s 2(ard)k 6756(combination)s 7998(of)s 8257(pre)s 6(vious)k 0 4720(de\207nitions.)m 1171(The)s 220 fnt2 1595 4717(//)m 240 fnt1 1777 4720(symbol)m 2533(protects)s 3337(the)s 3681(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 4655 4717(//1r)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 5093 4720(from)m 5614(deletion)s 6437(in)s 6677(the)s 7021(unlik)s 2(ely)k 7854(e)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 8419(that)s 8833(all)s 0 4432(the)m 342(preceding)s 1331(symbols)s 2174(are)s 2514(replaced)s 3375(by)s 220 fnt2 3662 4429(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4247 4432(.)m 4405(The)s 4826(follo)s 6(wing)k 5797(object)s 6434(is)s 6638(enclosed)s 7526(in)s 220 fnt2 7763 4429(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 8887 4432(to)m 0 4144(ensure)m 680(that)s 1098(all)s 1391(of)s 1662(it)s 1854(is)s 2064(bottom-justi\207ed,)s 3698(not)s 4064(just)s 4469(its)s 4745(\207rst)s 5176(component.)s 480 3770(Before)m 1199(presenting)s 2262(the)s 2624(de\207nition)s 3612(of)s 3896(a)s 4076(sequence)s 5023(of)s 5308(pages,)s 5974(we)s 6322(must)s 6861(detour)s 7546(to)s 7799(describe)s 8665(ho)s 6(w)k 0 3482(running)m 803(page)s 1317(headers)s 2104(and)s 2513(footers)s 3233(\(lik)s 2(e)k 3730(those)s 4297(in)s 4545(the)s 4899(present)s 5655(document\))s 6732(are)s 7085(produced.)s 8146(These)s 8779(are)s 0 3194(based)m 603(on)s 900(the)s 220 fnt2 1248 3191(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 2250 3194(symbol:)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_8 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 2693(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(opOdd @T)k 26(opEv)k 5(en @F)k 6(ootOdd @F)k 6(ootEv)k 5(en)k 480 2405(def @Runner)m 480 2117( named @T)m 26(opOdd r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k 480 1829( named @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k 480 1541( named @F)m 6(ootOdd r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k 480 1253( named @F)m 6(ootEv)k 5(en r)k -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum { @Null })k 480 965( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 677({ @Null })m 240 fnt1 0 183(The)m 440(four)s 910(parameters)s 2020(control)s 2764(the)s 3125(format)s 3833(of)s 4116(running)s 4926(headers)s 5719(and)s 6136(footers)s 6862(on)s 7171(odd)s 7601(and)s 8017(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 8530(pages)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 91 97 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.3.)m 1871(P)s 19(a)k 2(g)k 2(e)k 2393(layout)s 240 fnt5 10256 -1583(91)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(respecti)m 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k 1294(In)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 2448(of)s 220 fnt2 2719 13202(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 3661 13205(,)m 3768(for)s 4106(e)s 3(xample)k 220 fnt2 480 12704(@Runner)m 480 12416( @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en { @B @P)k 8(ageNum |1r)k -8(t @I { Chapter 4 } })k 480 12128( @T)m 26(opOdd { @I { Examples } |1r)k -8(t @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 240 fnt1 0 11629(will)m 416(be)s 687(embedded)s 1719(in)s 1951(the)s 2289(body)s 2812(te)s 3(xt)k 3217(of)s 3477(the)s 3815(document,)s 4855(and,)s 5298(as)s 5537(we)s 5862(will)s 6277(see)s 6628(in)s 6860(a)s 7016(moment,)s 7896(are)s 8232(accessed)s 0 11341(by)m 220 fnt2 296 11338(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 2423 11341(cross)m 2967(references)s 4001(on)s 4301(the)s 4651(pages.)s 5363(Notice)s 6059(ho)s 6(w)k 6522(the)s 220 fnt2 6873 11338(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt1 8112 11341(parameter)m 0 11053(of)m 265(each)s 753(parameter)s 1761(allo)s 6(ws)k 2423(the)s 2764(format)s 3454(of)s 3718(the)s 4059(running)s 4851(header)s 5541(to)s 5774(be)s 6049(speci\207ed)s 6950(while)s 7531(lea)s 4(ving)k 8277(the)s 8618(page)s 0 10765(number)m 791(to)s 1030(be)s 1312(substituted)s 2406(later)s 13(.)k 480 10391(W)m 19(e)k 843(may)s 1303(no)s 6(w)k 1758(de\207ne)s 220 fnt2 2393 10388(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 3872 10391(,)m 3973(whose)s 4635(result)s 5219(is)s 5423(a)s 5583(sequence)s 6510(of)s 6775(pages)s 7365(be)s 3(ginning)k 8367(with)s 8843(an)s 0 10103(odd-numbered)m 1454(page:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_9 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9602(def @OddP)m 8(ageList)k 480 9314( named @Columns {})m 480 9026( r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 8738({)m 480 8450( def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList ...)k 480 7874( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 7586( // @Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open {)k 480 7298( @OneP)m 8(age)k 480 7010( @Columns { @Columns })m 480 6722( @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op { @T)k 26(opOdd @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 6434( @P)m 8(ageF)k 6(oot { @F)k 6(ootOdd @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 6146( })m 480 5858( // @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 480 5570( @Columns { @Columns })m 480 5282( @Ne)m 6(xt @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 4994(})m 240 fnt1 0 4500(Ignoring)m 220 fnt2 887 4497(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 2516 4500(for)m 2864(the)s 3222(moment,)s 4124(notice)s 4774(\207rst)s 5215(that)s 5643(the)s 6002(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7066(of)s 220 fnt2 7347 4497(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 8551 4500(is)m 8772(en-)s 0 4212(closed)m 679(in)s 220 fnt2 932 4209(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open)k 240 fnt1 3815 4212(.)m 3989(Since)s 220 fnt2 4586 4209(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 6721 4212(refers)m 7324(to)s 7573(the)s 7931(\207rst)s 8373(in)s 9(v)k 4(oca-)k 0 3924(tion)m 421(of)s 220 fnt2 684 3921(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 1678 3924(appearing)m 2666(after)s 3154(itself)s 3694(in)s 3929(the)s 4269(\207nal)s 4741(printed)s 5468(document,)s 6511(the)s 6851(symbols)s 220 fnt2 7692 3921(@T)m 26(opOdd)k 240 fnt1 8722 3924(and)m 220 fnt2 0 3633(@F)m 6(ootOdd)k 240 fnt1 1127 3636(will)m 1562(tak)s 2(e)k 2023(their)s 2528(v)s 6(alue)k 3105(from)s 3638(the)s 3995(\207rst)s 4434(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5497(of)s 220 fnt2 5777 3633(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 6788 3636(follo)m 6(wing)k 7773(the)s 8130(top)s 8498(of)s 8778(the)s 0 3348(page,)m 554(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 1049(though)s 220 fnt2 1767 3345(@F)m 6(ootOdd)k 240 fnt1 2880 3348(appears)m 3656(at)s 3883(the)s 4225(foot)s 4665(of)s 4931(the)s 5274(page.)s 5884(Their)s 220 fnt2 6456 3345(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt1 7687 3348(parameters)m 8779(are)s 0 3060(replaced)m 867(by)s 220 fnt2 1161 3057(@P)m 8(ageNum)k 240 fnt1 2337 3060(,)m 2444(the)s 2792(actual)s 3417(page)s 3925(number)s 4716(parameter)s 5730(of)s 220 fnt2 6001 3057(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7480 3060(.)m 480 2686(After)m 1043(producing)s 2067(the)s 2415(odd-numbered)s 3869(page,)s 220 fnt2 4428 2683(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 5967 2686(in)m 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 220 fnt2 6748 2683(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 8307 2686(:)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_10 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 2185(def @Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 480 1897( named @Columns {})m 480 1609( r)m -3(ight @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 1321({)m 480 1033( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 745( // @Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing @Open {)k 480 457( @OneP)m 8(age)k 480 169( @Columns { @Columns })m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 92 98 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(92)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207( @P)m 8(ageT)k 26(op { @T)k 26(opEv)k 5(en @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 12919( @P)m 8(ageF)k 6(oot { @F)k 6(ootEv)k 5(en @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 12631( })m 480 12343( // @OddP)m 8(ageList)k 480 12055( @Columns { @Columns })m 480 11767( @Ne)m 6(xt @P)k 8(ageNum)k 480 11479(})m 240 fnt1 0 10985(This)m 465(produces)s 1369(an)s 1641(e)s 6(v)k 3(en-numbered)k 3167(page,)s 3714(then)s 4172(passes)s 4823(the)s 5160(ball)s 5562(back)s 6063(to)s 220 fnt2 6291 10982(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7819 10985(\211)m 7988(a)s 8142(delightful)s 0 10697(e)m 3(xample)k 877(of)s 1162(what)s 1701(computer)s 2678(scientists)s 3619(call)s 4032(mutual)s 4765(recursion.)s 5832(The)s 6274(tw)s 2(o)k 6699(page)s 7221(types)s 7791(dif)s 6(fer)k 8388(only)s 8883(in)s 0 10409(their)m 497(running)s 1295(headers)s 2076(and)s 2480(footers,)s 3250(b)s 4(ut)k 3612(other)s 4163(changes)s 4985(could)s 5575(easily)s 6186(be)s 6468(made.)s 480 10035(It)m 682(w)s 2(as)k 1099(foreshado)s 6(wed)k 2489(earlier)s 3153(that)s 3568(an)s 3847(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4897(of)s 220 fnt2 5164 10032(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 6630 10035(w)m 2(ould)k 7281(precede)s 8076(each)s 8567(page,)s 0 9747(and)m 412(this)s 817(has)s 1195(been)s 1713(done.)s 2351(Although)s 3322(this)s 220 fnt2 3726 9744(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 5204 9747(is)m 5422(a)s 5597(component)s 6729(of)s 7009(the)s 7365(root)s 7819(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 8499(it)s 8700(will)s 0 9459(not)m 366(cause)s 953(a)s 1119(page)s 1627(to)s 1866(be)s 2148(printed,)s 2932(because)s 3745(Basser)s 4442(Lout)s 4954(skips)s 5497(components)s 6705(of)s 6976(height)s 7634(zero.)s 240 fnt5 0 8666(4.4.)m 471(Chapters)s 1468(and)s 1909(sections)s [ /Dest /LOUTchapters /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 8189(The)m 905(de\207nitions)s 1962(of)s 2229(chapters)s 3073(and)s 3473(sections)s 4290(from)s 4811(the)s 5155(DocumentSetup)s 6746(package)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark 7583(of)s 7850(V)s 26(ersion)k 8634(2)s 8804(\(in)s 0 7901(V)m 26(ersion)k 793(3,)s 1026(the)s 1379(BookSetup)s 2503(e)s 3(xtension)k 3480(of)s 3756(DocumentSetup\))s 5432(form)s 5961(the)s 6315(subject)s 7058(of)s 7334(this)s 7736(section.)s 8583(The)s 3(y)k 0 7613(allo)m 6(w)k 579(a)s 745(chapter)s 1508(to)s 1747(be)s 2029(entered)s 2790(lik)s 2(e)k 3202(this:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 7112(@Chapter)m 480 6824( @Title { ...)m 13( })k 480 6536( @T)m 26(ag { ...)k 13( })k 480 6248(@Begin)m 480 5960( ...)m 480 5672(@End @Chapter)m 240 fnt1 0 5176(W)m 9(ithin)k 712(the)s 1060(chapter)s 1823(a)s 1989(sequence)s 2922(of)s 3193(sections)s 4014(may)s 4480(be)s 4762(included)s 5644(by)s 5938(writing)s 220 fnt2 480 4675(@BeginSections)m 480 4387(@Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 4099(...)m 480 3811(@Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 3523(@EndSections)m 240 fnt1 0 3068(These)m 627(are)s 974(numbered)s 1989(automatically)s 15(,)k 3381(and)s 3785(an)s 4068(entry)s 4613(is)s 4823(made)s 5397(for)s 5735(each)s 6230(in)s 6473(a)s 6639(table)s 7159(of)s 7430(contents.)s 480 2694(The)m 901(user)s 1352(of)s 1615(the)s 1956(DocumentSetup)s 3544(package)s 4376(can)s 4758(\207nd)s 5182(the)s 5522(number)s 6306(of)s 6570(the)s 6910(chapter)s 7666(or)s 7918(section)s 8644(with)s 0 2406(a)m 176(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 766(tag)s 1121(by)s 1426(writing)s 220 fnt2 2179 2403(@NumberOf tag)m 240 fnt1 3838 2406(at)m 4081(an)s 3(y)k 4488(point)s 5050(in)s 5304(the)s 5662(document.)s 6780(This)s 7267(feature)s 7995(is)s 8215(based)s 8829(on)s 0 2118(the)m 348(follo)s 6(wing)k 1325(de\207nitions:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 1617(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 1329(def @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er r)k -3(ight @T)k 26(ag { @Null })k 480 753(def @NumberOf r)m -3(ight x)k 480 465({ @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag } })k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 93 99 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.4.)m 1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s 3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(93)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(Each)m 522(chapter)s 1272(and)s 1663(section)s 2384(will)s 2797(contain)s 3545(one)s 3934(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4975(of)s 220 fnt2 5233 13202(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 6918 13205(;)m 7017(a)s 7170(full)s 7543(e)s 3(xplanation)k 8700(will)s 0 12917(be)m 282(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 862(later)s 13(.)k 480 12543(A)m 710(sequence)s 1643(of)s 1914(places)s 2562(for)s 2900(recei)s 6(ving)k 3836(chapters)s 4683(is)s 4893(easily)s 5504(de\207ned:)s 220 fnt2 480 12042(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ag)k 480 11754(def @ChapterList r)m -3(ight @T)k 26(ag)k 480 11466({)m 480 11178( @Galle)m 4(y)k 480 10890( //@ChapterGap @ChapterList @Ne)m 6(xt @T)k 26(ag)k 480 10602(})m 0 10105(@ChapterGap)m 240 fnt1 1505 10108(will)m 1967(usually)s 2747(be)s 220 fnt2 3065 10105(1.1b)m 240 fnt1 3484 10108(,)m 3626(ensuring)s 4539(that)s 4992(each)s 5523(chapter)s 6321(be)s 3(gins)k 7030(on)s 7362(a)s 7564(ne)s 6(w)k 8046(page.)s 8698(The)s 220 fnt2 0 9817(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 1063 9820(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1697(itself)s 2245(is)s 2455(de\207ned)s 3218(as)s 3468(follo)s 6(ws:)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 9319(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @F)k 6(ootNote @BeginSections @EndSections @Section)k 480 9031(def @Chapter f)m 6(orce into { @ChapterList&&preceding })k 480 8743( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 8455( named @Title {})m 480 8167( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 7879( body @Body)m 480 7591({)m 480 7303( def @F)m 6(ootNote r)k -3(ight x { @ColF)k 6(ootNote x })k 480 6727( def @BeginSections ...)m 480 6439( def @EndSections ...)m 480 6151( def @Section ...)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 5698( def @ChapterTitle)m 480 5410( {)m 480 5122( @ChapterNumbers @Case {)m 480 4834( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { Chapter {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13( |2s @Title })k 480 4546( else @Y)m 4(ield @Title)k 480 4258( })m 480 3970( })m 480 3394( def @ChapterNum)m 480 3106( {)m 480 2818( @ChapterNumbers @Case {)m 480 2530( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { Chapter {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag} })k 480 2242( else @Y)m 4(ield @Null)k 480 1954( })m 480 1666( })m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_2 /DEST pdfmark 480 1174( r)m 2(agged @Break @BookTitleF)k 6(or)k -5(mat @ChapterTitle)k 480 886( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er {)k 480 598( @ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 480 310( })m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 94 100 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(94)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207( // @ChapterList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12919( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12631( // @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 12343( // { @ChapterTitle } @MajorContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 12055( // @Runner)m 480 11767( @F)m 6(ootEv)k 5(en { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 11479( @F)m 6(ootOdd { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 11191( // @Body)m 480 10903( //@SectionGap @ChapRefSection)m 480 10615( // @Runner)m 480 10327( @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en { @B @P)k 8(ageNum |1r)k -8(t @I @ChapterNum })k 480 10039( @T)m 26(opOdd { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1r)k -8(t @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 9751(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 9257(W)m 19(e)k 371(will)s 800(see)s 1164(the)s 1515(symbols)s 2366(for)s 2707(sections)s 3531(shortly)s 15(.)k 4347(Notice)s 5042(ho)s 6(w)k 5506(their)s 6006(use)s 6384(has)s 6756(been)s 7268(restricted)s 8216(to)s 8458(within)s 0 8969(the)m 348(right)s 859(parameter)s 1873(of)s 220 fnt2 2144 8966(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 3147 8969(,)m 3254(by)s 3548(nesting)s 4292(them)s 4830(and)s 5234(using)s 5806(a)s 5972(body)s 6506(parameter)s 13(.)k 480 8595(The)m 956(meaning)s 1882(of)s 220 fnt2 2202 8592(@F)m 6(ootNote)k 240 fnt1 3422 8595(within)m 220 fnt2 4139 8592(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 5250 8595(has)m 5669(been)s 6227(set)s 6601(to)s 220 fnt2 6889 8592(@ColF)m 6(ootNote)k 240 fnt1 8328 8595(,)m 8484(which)s 0 8307(produces)m 907(a)s 1064(footnote)s 1908(tar)s 4(geted)k 2722(to)s 220 fnt2 2953 8304(@ColF)m 6(ootList)k 240 fnt1 4325 8307(\(see)m 4756(Section)s 5521(4.3\).)s 6056(In)s 6303(other)s 6845(w)s 2(ords,)k 7526(footnotes)s 8458(within)s 0 8019(chapters)m 851(go)s 1149(at)s 1386(the)s 1739(foot)s 2189(of)s 2465(the)s 2818(column,)s 3648(not)s 4019(at)s 4256(the)s 4609(foot)s 5059(of)s 5335(the)s 5688(page.)s 6309(\(Of)s 6717(course,)s 7453(in)s 7701(single-column)s 0 7731(books)m 623(this)s 1018(distinction)s 2083(is)s 2292(insigni\207cant.\))s 220 fnt2 3721 7728(@ChapterTitle)m 240 fnt1 5188 7731(and)m 220 fnt2 5591 7728(@ChapterNum)m 240 fnt1 7102 7731(are)m 7448(tri)s 6(vial)k 8065(de\207nitions)s 0 7443(which)m 642(v)s 6(ary)k 1115(depending)s 2166(on)s 2463(whether)s 3293(the)s 3641(user)s 4099(has)s 4469(requested)s 5443(numbered)s 6458(chapters)s 7305(or)s 7564(not.)s 480 7069(Each)m 1014(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 2066(of)s 220 fnt2 2336 7066(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 3397 7069(has)m 3766(its)s 4040(o)s 6(wn)k 4503(unique)s 220 fnt2 5209 7066(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 5772 7069(,)m 5878(either)s 6479(supplied)s 7347(by)s 7639(the)s 7986(user)s 8442(or)s 8699(else)s 0 6781(inserted)m 835(automatically)s 2210(by)s 2525(Lout.)s 3162(W)s 19(e)k 3553(no)s 6(w)k 4035(trace)s 4575(the)s 4944(cross)s 5507(referencing)s 6669(of)s 6961(chapter)s 7745(numbers)s 8641(on)s 8960(a)s 0 6493(h)m 1(ypothetical)k 1236(third)s 1745(chapter)s 2508(whose)s 3176(tag)s 3521(is)s 220 fnt2 3731 6490(euclid)m 240 fnt1 4291 6493(.)m 220 fnt2 480 6116(@ChapterList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged euclid)k 240 fnt1 4758 6119(attaches)m 220 fnt2 5573 6116(euclid)m 240 fnt1 6188 6119(as)m 6434(an)s 6712(e)s 3(xtra)k 7241(tag)s 7582(to)s 7816(the)s 8159(\207rst)s 8585(in)s 9(v)k 4(o-)k 0 5831(cation)m 653(of)s 220 fnt2 937 5828(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt1 2350 5831(preceding)m 3359(itself)s 3920(in)s 4176(the)s 4536(\207nal)s 5029(printed)s 5777(document.)s 6898(But)s 7317(this)s 220 fnt2 7726 5828(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt1 0 5543(must)m 525(be)s 807(the)s 1155(tar)s 4(get)k 1754(of)s 2025(the)s 2373(chapter)s 9(,)k 3174(and)s 3578(so)s 220 fnt2 480 5042(@ChapterList&&euclid @Open { @T)m 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 4543(is)m 200(3,)s 416(the)s 754(number)s 1534(of)s 1795(the)s 2132(chapter)s 2885(\()s 220 fnt2 2958 4540(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 3570 4543(refers)m 4153(to)s 4381(the)s 4719(parameter)s 5722(of)s 220 fnt2 5983 4540(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt1 7323 4543(,)m 7419(not)s 7775(the)s 8112(parameter)s 0 4255(of)m 220 fnt2 272 4252(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 1275 4255(\).)m 1520(Consequently)s 2892(the)s 3242(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4297(of)s 220 fnt2 4570 4252(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 6317 4255(within)m 6986(the)s 7336(chapter)s 8100(is)s 8312(equal)s 8887(to)s 220 fnt2 0 3964(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er 3)k 240 fnt1 1861 3967(.)m 220 fnt2 480 3590(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged euclid)k 240 fnt1 5137 3593(attaches)m 220 fnt2 5992 3590(euclid)m 240 fnt1 6646 3593(to)m 220 fnt2 6920 3590(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er 3)k 240 fnt1 8876 3593(as)m 0 3305(an)m 283(e)s 3(xtra)k 817(tag,)s 1216(and)s 1620(so)s 220 fnt2 1886 3302(@NumberOf euclid)m 240 fnt1 3742 3305(,)m 3849(which)s 4491(e)s 3(xpands)k 5324(to)s 220 fnt2 480 2804(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&euclid @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 2305(must)m 538(be)s 833(equal)s 1419(to)s 1671(3,)s 1911(as)s 2175(required.)s 3148(This)s 3637(scheme)s 4423(could)s 5026(be)s 5322(simpli\207ed)s 6349(by)s 6656(placing)s 7426(the)s 7787(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 2014(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 1758 2017(within)m 220 fnt2 2440 2014(@ChapterList)m 240 fnt1 3854 2017(rather)m 4484(than)s 4966(within)s 220 fnt2 5648 2014(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 6651 2017(,)m 6772(b)s 4(ut)k 7148(it)s 7353(turns)s 7896(out)s 8276(that)s 8708(that)s 0 1729(scheme)m 773(does)s 1263(not)s 1629(generalize)s 2666(well)s 3132(to)s 3371(sections)s 4192(and)s 4596(subsections.)s 480 1355(There)m 1124(is)s 1365(a)s 1562(trap)s 2017(for)s 2386(the)s 2765(unw)s 2(ary)k 3566(in)s 3840(the)s 4219(use)s 4625(of)s 220 fnt2 4927 1352(preceding)m 240 fnt1 5969 1355(and)m 220 fnt2 6404 1352(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 7234 1355(.)m 7429(Suppose)s 8328(that)s 8778(the)s 0 1067(in)m 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1054(of)s 220 fnt2 1325 1064(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 3070 1067(within)m 220 fnt2 3738 1064(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 4801 1067(is)m 5011(replaced)s 5878(by)s 6172(the)s 6520(seemingly)s 7557(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 220 fnt2 480 566(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er { @ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @T)k 26(ag } })k 240 fnt1 0 67(No)m 6(w)k 514(suppose)s 1342(that)s 220 fnt2 1760 64(@NumberOf euclid)m 240 fnt1 3676 67(appears)m 4457(some)s 6(where)k 5596(within)s 6264(Chapter)s 7081(7.)s 7365(It)s 7570(will)s 7996(e)s 3(xpand)k 8743(to)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 95 101 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.4.)m 1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s 3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 10250 -1583(95)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&euclid @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 12708(which)m 642(w)s 2(ould)k 1297(no)s 6(w)k 1758(be)s 2040(equal)s 2613(to)s 220 fnt2 480 12207(@ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @T)m 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 11708(whose)m 663(v)s 6(alue,)k 1276(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated)k 2233(as)s 2477(it)s 2663(is)s 2868(within)s 3530(Chapter)s 4342(7,)s 4563(is)s 4767(7,)s 4989(not)s 5349(3.)s 5628(Use)s 6050(of)s 220 fnt2 6315 11705(preceding)m 240 fnt1 7321 11708(or)m 220 fnt2 7574 11705(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 8458 11708(within)m 0 11420(the)m 348(parameter)s 1362(of)s 1633(a)s 1799(symbol,)s 2611(rather)s 3227(than)s 3696(within)s 4364(the)s 4712(body)s 15(,)k 5284(is)s 5494(lik)s 2(ely)k 6090(to)s 6329(be)s 6611(erroneous.)s 480 11046(Much)m 1112(of)s 1400(the)s 1765(remainder)s 2810(of)s 3098(the)s 3463(de\207nition)s 4454(of)s 220 fnt2 4742 11043(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 5822 11046(is)m 6049(f)s 2(airly)k 6634(self-e)s 3(xplanatory:)k 8366(there)s 8916(is)s 0 10758(a)m 180(heading,)s 1060(a)s 1241(tag)s 1601(sent)s 2060(to)s 2314(mark)s 2881(the)s 3244(page)s 3766(on)s 4078(which)s 4735(the)s 5098(chapter)s 5875(be)s 3(gins,)k 6619(a)s 220 fnt2 6800 10755(@ContentsEntr)m -6(y)k 240 fnt1 8492 10758(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 10470(sent)m 484(to)s 762(the)s 1149(table)s 1708(of)s 2018(contents,)s 2961(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 3724(for)s 4101(the)s 4489(\207gures)s 5230(and)s 5673(tables)s 6320(of)s 6630(the)s 7017(chapter)s 7819(to)s 8097(collect)s 8833(in,)s 220 fnt2 0 10179(@Body)m 240 fnt1 781 10182(where)m 1421(the)s 1769(body)s 2303(of)s 2574(the)s 2922(chapter)s 3685(goes,)s 4230(and)s 220 fnt2 4634 10179(@ChapRefSection)m 240 fnt1 6499 10182(to)m 6738(hold)s 7222(a)s 7388(concluding)s 8505(list)s 8855(of)s 0 9894(references.)m 1144(This)s 1620(lea)s 4(v)k 3(es)k 2261(only)s 2741(the)s 3089(tw)s 2(o)k 3499(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 4640(of)s 220 fnt2 4911 9891(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 5913 9894(to)m 6152(e)s 3(xplain.)k 480 9520(The)m 977(\207rst)s 220 fnt2 1477 9517(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 2548 9520(is)m 2828(just)s 3302(belo)s 6(w)k 4004(the)s 4421(heading.)s 5413(It)s 5687(will)s 6182(be)s 6533(the)s 6951(tar)s 4(get)k 7619(of)s 7959(the)s 220 fnt2 8377 9517(@Run-)m 0 9229(ner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 1494 9232(cross)m 2030(reference)s 2967(at)s 3194(the)s 3536(be)s 3(ginning)k 4538(of)s 4803(the)s 5146(\207rst)s 5571(page)s 6073(of)s 6338(the)s 6681(chapter)s 7438(\(see)s 7872(Section)s 8640(4.3\),)s 0 8944(which)m 642(consequently)s 1959(will)s 2385(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2886(null)s 3313(running)s 4111(headers)s 4892(and)s 5296(the)s 5644(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 6224(footers.)s 480 8570(The)m 954(second)s 220 fnt2 1724 8567(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 2772 8570(appears)m 3600(at)s 3878(the)s 4273(v)s 3(ery)k 4795(end)s 5246(of)s 5563(the)s 5958(chapter)s 9(,)k 6805(hence)s 7466(on)s 7809(its)s 8132(last)s 8570(page.)s 0 8282(Since)m 595(no)s 896(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 2046(of)s 220 fnt2 2325 8279(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 3335 8282(lie)m 3638(between)s 4500(it)s 4700(and)s 5113(the)s 5469(\207rst)s 220 fnt2 5908 8279(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 6850 8282(,)m 6966(it)s 7166(will)s 7600(be)s 7891(the)s 8247(tar)s 4(get)k 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 7991(@Runner&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 2134 7994(on)m 2442(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 3029(page)s 3547(from)s 4082(the)s 4441(second)s 5175(page)s 5693(of)s 5975(the)s 6334(chapter)s 7107(to)s 7357(the)s 7716(last,)s 8165(inclusi)s 6(v)k 3(e,)k 0 7706(and)m 404(will)s 830(supply)s 1523(the)s 1871(format)s 2567(of)s 2838(their)s 3335(headers)s 4116(and)s 4520(footers.)s 480 7332(The)m 908(interested)s 1893(reader)s 2549(might)s 3166(care)s 3618(to)s 3857(predict)s 4579(the)s 4927(outcome)s 5806(in)s 6048(unusual)s 6848(cases,)s 7458(such)s 7954(as)s 8203(when)s 8778(the)s 0 7044(heading)m 811(occupies)s 1699(tw)s 2(o)k 2109(pages,)s 2761(or)s 3020(when)s 3596(a)s 3762(chapter)s 4524(occupies)s 5412(only)s 5892(one,)s 6345(or)s 6604(\(assuming)s 7640(a)s 7806(change)s 8540(to)s 8778(the)s 0 6756(g)m 1(ap)k 386(between)s 1227(chapters\))s 2138(when)s 2702(a)s 2855(chapter)s 3605(starts)s 4146(halfw)s 2(ay)k 4956(do)s 6(wn)k 5527(a)s 5680(page.)s 6283(Such)s 6807(predictions)s 7907(can)s 8283(be)s 8552(made)s 0 6468(with)m 482(great)s 1019(con\207dence.)s 480 6094(The)m 903(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt2 1975 6091(@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title)m 240 fnt1 5125 6094(appearing)m 6116(in)s 6354(the)s 6697(second)s 220 fnt2 7415 6091(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 8412 6094(returns)m 0 5806(the)m 354(v)s 6(alue)k 928(of)s 1205(the)s 220 fnt2 1560 5803(@RunningTitle)m 240 fnt1 3070 5806(parameter)m 4090(of)s 220 fnt2 4368 5803(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 5437 5806(if)m 5660(this)s 6063(is)s 6279(not)s 6651(equal)s 7231(to)s 7476(the)s 7830(def)s 2(ault)k 8558(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 0 5515(dft)m 240 fnt1 240 5518(,)m 347(or)s 220 fnt2 606 5515(@Title)m 240 fnt1 1294 5518(otherwise:)m [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 5036(def @OrElse)m 480 4748( left x)m 480 4460( r)m -3(ight y)k 480 4172({)m 480 3884( x @Case {)m 480 3596( dft @Y)m 4(ield y)k 480 3308( else @Y)m 4(ield x)k 480 3020( })m 480 2732(})m 240 fnt1 0 2238(This)m 476(produces)s 1391(the)s 1739(ef)s 6(fect)k 2335(of)s 220 fnt2 480 1737(named @RunningTitle { @Title })m 240 fnt1 0 1238(which)m 676(unfortunately)s 2052(is)s 2296(not)s 2696(permissible)s 3887(as)s 4171(it)s 4397(stands,)s 5136(because)s 220 fnt2 5983 1235(@Title)m 240 fnt1 6705 1238(is)m 6949(not)s 7349(visible)s 8076(within)s 8778(the)s 0 950(def)m 2(ault)k 721(v)s 6(alue)k 1289(of)s 220 fnt2 1560 947(@RunningTitle)m 240 fnt1 3004 950(.)m 480 576(Finally)m 15(,)k 1249(the)s 1597(de\207nitions)s 2658(for)s 2996(sections)s 3817(omitted)s 4605(earlier)s 5273(are)s 5620(as)s 5870(follo)s 6(ws:)k [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_6 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 75(def @EndSectionsPlace { @Galle)m 4(y })k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 96 102 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(96)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207(def @EndSections f)m 6(orce into { @EndSectionsPlace&&preceding } {})k 480 12919(macro @BeginSections { //@SectionGap @SectionList 1 // @EndSectionsPlace // })m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_4 /DEST pdfmark 480 12422(def @Section f)m 6(orce into { @SectionList&&preceding })k 480 12134( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 11846( named @Title {})m 480 11558( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 11270( body @Body)m 480 10982({)m 480 10694( def @SectionTitle)m 480 10406( {)m 480 10118( @SectionNumbers @Case {)m 480 9830( {Y)m 30(es y)k 4(es} @Y)k 4(ield { {@NumberOf @T)k 26(ag}.)k 13( |2s @Title })k 480 9542( else @Y)m 4(ield @Title)k 480 9254( })m 480 8966( })m 480 8390( @Heading @Protect @SectionTitle)m 480 8102( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er {)k 480 7814( {@ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }}.{)k 480 7526( @SectionList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }})k 480 7238( })m 480 6950( // @ChapterList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 6662( // @SectionList&&preceding @T)m 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 6374( // @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 6086( // @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 5798( // { &3f @SectionTitle } @ContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 5510( //0io @Body)m 480 5222(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_chap_5 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 4728(The)m 220 fnt2 409 4725(@BeginSections)m 240 fnt1 2066 4728(macro)m 2696(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k 220 fnt2 3457 4725(@SectionList)m 240 fnt1 4748 4728(,)m 4835(preceded)s 5736(by)s 6010(the)s 6338(appropriate)s 7462(g)s 1(ap)k 7840(and)s 8224(follo)s 6(wed)k 0 4440(by)m 284(an)s 220 fnt2 556 4437(@EndSectsPlace)m 240 fnt1 2307 4440(for)m 2635(closing)s 3368(the)s 3705(list)s 4045(of)s 4306(sections)s 5116(when)s 5681(the)s 220 fnt2 6019 4437(@EndSections)m 240 fnt1 7515 4440(symbol)m 8264(is)s 8463(found.)s 220 fnt2 0 4149(@Section)m 240 fnt1 997 4152(itself)m 1542(is)s 1749(just)s 2151(a)s 2314(cop)s 2(y)k 2829(of)s 220 fnt2 3097 4149(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 4156 4152(with)m 4635(slight)s 5223(changes)s 6042(to)s 6278(the)s 6623(format.)s 7420(The)s 7845(parameter)s 8855(of)s 220 fnt2 0 3861(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 1752 3864(is)m 1970(a)s 2143(simple)s 2844(generalization)s 4262(of)s 4540(the)s 4896(one)s 5305(within)s 220 fnt2 5981 3861(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 6984 3864(.)m 7156(Notice)s 7856(that)s 8282(we)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 3576(tak)m 2(en)k 573(care)s 1026(that)s 1444(the)s 1792(v)s 6(alue)k 2360(of)s 2631(this)s 3027(parameter)s 4041(be)s 4323(a)s 4489(juxtaposition)s 5795(of)s 6066(simple)s 6759(w)s 2(ords:)k 7508(although)s 220 fnt2 480 3075({@ChapterList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }}.)k 13( &)k 480 2787({@SectionList&&@T)m 26(ag @Open { @T)k 26(ag }})k 240 fnt1 0 2288(is)m 210(formally)s 1086(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent,)k 220 fnt2 2177 2285(&)m 240 fnt1 2379 2288(w)m 2(as)k 2800(not)s 3166(permitted)s 4139(within)s 4807(a)s 220 fnt2 4973 2285(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 5596 2288(parameter)m 6610(until)s 7103(recently)s 15(.)k 480 1914(The)m 930(DocumentSetup)s 2548(package)s 3411(also)s 3872(contains)s 4743(de\207nitions)s 5826(for)s 6187(subsections)s 7364(in)s 7630(the)s 8001(same)s 8571(style.)s 0 1626(The)m 3(y)k 564(raise)s 1091(the)s 1461(question)s 2350(of)s 2643(whether)s 3494(Lout)s 4028(is)s 4259(capable)s 5066(of)s 5359(producing)s 6404(subsections)s 7580(should)s 8298(the)s 8668(user)s 0 1338(place)m 220 fnt2 542 1335(@BeginSections)m 240 fnt1 2159 1338(,)m 220 fnt2 2248 1335(@Section)m 240 fnt1 3188 1338(,)m 3276(and)s 220 fnt2 3662 1335(@EndSections)m 240 fnt1 5151 1338(within)m 5800(a)s 240 fnt6 5948 1340(section)m 240 fnt1 6619 1338(,)m 6708(and)s 7093(whether)s 7905(such)s 8382(nesting)s 0 1050(could)m 592(proceed)s 1409(to)s 1650(arbitrary)s 2527(depth.)s 3225(Arbitrary)s 4169(nesting)s 4915(of)s 5188(sections)s 6011(within)s 6681(sections)s 7504(is)s 7716(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 8627(no)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 0 762(although)m 883(the)s 1218(numbering)s 2295(w)s 2(ould)k 2937(of)s 3195(course)s 3862(be)s 4131(wrong.)s 4894(The)s 5309(author)s 5967(has)s 6324(w)s 2(ork)k 2(ed)k 7083(out)s 7436(de\207nitions)s 8484(which)s 0 474(pro)m 3(vide)k 773(correct)s 1484(numbering)s 2563(to)s 2790(arbitrary)s 3654(depth,)s 4282(with)s 4752(an)s 5024(arbitrary)s 5888(format)s 6573(for)s 6899(each)s 7383(le)s 6(v)k 3(el.)k 7991(These)s 8606(were)s 0 186(not)m 376(incorporated)s 1652(into)s 2087(DocumentSetup)s 3693(because)s 4516(the)s 4874(author)s 5555(considers)s 6520(sub-)s 6921(subsections)s 8085(to)s 8334(be)s 8627(poor)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 97 103 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.4.)m 1871(Chapter)s 2(s)k 2802(and)s 3228(sections)s 240 fnt5 10248 -1583(97)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(style,)m 558(and)s 962(he)s 1244(prefers)s 1957(separate)s 2795(names)s 3457(for)s 3795(the)s 4143(symbols)s 4992(at)s 5224(each)s 5719(le)s 6(v)k 3(el.)k 240 fnt5 0 12412(4.5.)m 471(Bibliographies)s [ /Dest /LOUTbiblio /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 533 11935(The)m 953(\207rst)s 1376(step)s 1806(in)s 2041(the)s 2382(production)s 3468(of)s 3731(a)s 3889(bibliograph)s 1(y)k 5157(is)s 5359(to)s 5591(create)s 6208(a)s 6366(database)s 7237(of)s 7500(references)s 8523(based)s 0 11647(on)m 297(the)s 645(de\207nition)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 11196(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @T)k 26(ype @A)k 6(uthor @Title @Institution @Number @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 480 10908( @Y)m 30(ear @Proceedings @Jour)k -5(nal @V)k 17(olume @P)k 8(ages @Comment)k 480 10332(def @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 10044( named @T)m 26(ag)k 3270({ )s 11(T)k 26(A)k 6(G? })k 480 9756( named @T)m 26(ype)k 3270({ )s 11(TYPE? })k 480 9468( named @A)m 6(uthor)k 3270({ A)s 11(UTHOR? })k 480 9180( named @Title)m 3270({ )s 11(TITLE? })k 480 8892( named @Institution)m 3270({ INSTITUTION? })s 480 8604( named @Number)m 3270({ NUMBER? })s 480 8316( named @Pub)m 4(lisher)k 3270({ PUBLISHER? })s 480 8028( named @Y)m 30(ear)k 3270({ )s 19(YEAR? })k 480 7740( named @Proceedings)m 3270({ PR)s 4(OCEEDINGS? })k 480 7452( named @Jour)m -5(nal)k 3270({ JOURNAL? })s 480 7164( named @V)m 17(olume)k 3270({ )s 11(V)k 8(OLUME? })k 480 6876( named @P)m 8(ages)k 3270({ P)s 26(A)k 6(GES? })k 480 6588( named @Comment)m 3270({ @Null })s 480 6300({ @Null })m 240 fnt1 0 5806(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k 1303(the)s 1651(database)s 2530(might)s 3148(contain)s 220 fnt2 480 5305({ @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 5017( @T)m 26(ag { str)k -3(unk1979style })k 480 4729( @T)m 26(ype { Book })k 480 4441( @A)m 6(uthor { Str)k -3(unk, )k 8(William and )k 8(White)k 3(, E.)k 13( B)k 4(.)k 13( })k 480 4153( @Title { )m 11(The Elements of Style })k 480 3865( @Pub)m 4(lisher { MacMillan, third edition })k 480 3577( @Y)m 30(ear { 1979 })k 480 3289(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_bibl_1 /DEST pdfmark 480 2797({ @Ref)m 6(erence)k 480 2509( @T)m 26(ag { kingston92 })k 480 2221( @T)m 26(ype { )k 11(T)k 26(echRepor)k -8(t })k 480 1933( @A)m 6(uthor { Kingston, Jeffre)k 4(y H.)k 13( })k 480 1645( @Title { Document F)m 6(or)k -5(matting with Lout \(Second Edition\) })k 480 1357( @Number { 449 })m 480 1069( @Institution { Basser Depar)m -8(tment of Computer)k 480 781(Science F09, Univ)m 5(ersity of Sydne)k 4(y 2006, A)k 6(ustr)k 2(alia })k 480 493( @Y)m 30(ear { 1992 })k 480 205(})m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_exa_bibl_2 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 98 104 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(98)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(Since)m 596(named)s 1301(parameters)s 2408(are)s 2764(optional,)s 3664(we)s 4008(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4519(one)s 4930(for)s 5277(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5862(concei)s 6(v)k 6(able)k 7057(type)s 7534(of)s 7814(attrib)s 4(ute,)k 8722(and)s 0 12917(simply)m 702(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1252(out)s 1614(those)s 2172(that)s 2586(do)s 2876(not)s 3238(apply)s 3821(in)s 4060(an)s 3(y)k 4454(particular)s 5424(reference.)s 6472(W)s 19(e)k 6837(can)s 7223(print)s 7730(a)s 7893(reference)s 8832(by)s 0 12629(using)m 572(the)s 220 fnt2 920 12626(@Open)m 240 fnt1 1726 12629(symbol)m 2486(to)s 2725(get)s 3077(at)s 3309(its)s 3585(attrib)s 4(utes:)k 220 fnt2 480 12128(@Ref)m 6(erence&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open)k 480 11840({ @A)m 6(uthor)k 11(, {Slope @F)k 6(ont @Title}.)k 13( @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 11(, @Y)k 30(ear)k 11(.)k 13( })k 240 fnt1 0 11344(The)m 428(right)s 939(parameter)s 1953(of)s 220 fnt2 2224 11341(@Open)m 240 fnt1 3030 11344(may)m 3496(use)s 3871(the)s 4219(e)s 3(xported)k 5111(parameters)s 6209(of)s 6480(the)s 6828(left,)s 7252(and)s 7656(so)s 7922(the)s 8270(result)s 8860(is)s 480 10839(W)m 9(illiam)k 1313(Strunk)s 2012(and)s 2416(E.)s 2666(B.)s 2930(White,)s 240 fnt6 3681 10841(The)m 4093(Elements)s 5024(of)s 5305(Style)s 240 fnt1 5762 10839(.)m 5926(Macmillan,)s 7068(1979.)s 0 10340(Incidentally)m 15(,)k 1235(we)s 1573(are)s 1923(not)s 2292(limited)s 3029(to)s 3271(just)s 3679(one)s 4084(database)s 4966(of)s 5240(references;)s 6335(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 220 fnt2 7060 10337(@Database)m 240 fnt1 8277 10340(symbols)m 0 10052(can)m 380(nominate)s 1317(the)s 1656(same)s 2193(symbol,)s 2996(and)s 3391(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 4523(of)s 4784(that)s 5193(symbol)s 5944(can)s 6324(appear)s 7011(in)s 7245(the)s 7584(document)s 8578(itself)s 0 9764(as)m 250(well)s 716(if)s 933(we)s 1268(wish.)s 480 9390(The)m 930(second)s 1675(step)s 2135(is)s 2368(to)s 2629(create)s 3276(a)s 3464(database)s 4366(of)s 4659(print)s 5192(styles)s 5809(for)s 6170(the)s 6540(v)s 6(arious)k 7311(types)s 7889(of)s 8183(reference)s 0 9102(\(Book,)m 706(T)s 16(echReport,)k 1926(etc.\),)s 2450(based)s 3053(on)s 3350(the)s 3698(follo)s 6(wing)k 4675(de\207nition:)s 220 fnt2 480 8601(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @Style)k 480 8313(def @RefStyle)m 480 8025( left @T)m 26(ag)k 480 7737( named @Style r)m -3(ight reftag {})k 480 7449({})m 240 fnt1 0 6955(Notice)m 682(that)s 1089(the)s 1426(named)s 2111(parameter)s 220 fnt2 3114 6952(@Style)m 240 fnt1 3865 6955(has)m 4224(a)s 4379(right)s 4879(parameter)s 220 fnt2 5882 6952(reftag)m 240 fnt1 6431 6955(.)m 6584(The)s 7001(style)s 7497(database)s 8365(has)s 8724(one)s 0 6667(entry)m 545(for)s 883(each)s 1378(type)s 1846(of)s 2117(reference:)s 220 fnt2 480 6166({ Book @RefStyle @Style)m 480 5878( { @Ref)m 6(erence&&reftag @Open)k 480 5590( { @A)m 6(uthor)k 11(, {Slope @F)k 6(ont @Title}.)k 13( @Pub)k 4(lisher)k 11(, @Y)k 30(ear)k 11(.)k 13( @Comment })k 480 5302( })m 480 5014(})m 480 4438({ )m 11(T)k 26(echRepor)k -8(t @RefStyle @Style)k 480 4150( { @Ref)m 6(erence&&reftag @Open)k 480 3862( { @A)m 6(uthor)k 11(, {Slope @F)k 6(ont @Title}.)k 13( )k 11(T)k 26(ech.)k 13( Rep)k 7(.)k 13( @Number \(@Y)k 30(ear\),)k 480 3574(@Institution.)m 13( @Comment })k 480 3286( })m 480 2998(})m 240 fnt1 0 2504(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 1074(The)s 1502(follo)s 6(wing)k 2479(prints)s 3074(the)s 3422(reference)s 4365(whose)s 5033(tag)s 5378(is)s 220 fnt2 5588 2501(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 7180 2504(in)m 7423(the)s 7771(Book)s 8352(style:)s 220 fnt2 480 2003(@RefStyle&&Book @Open { @Style str)m -3(unk1979style })k 240 fnt1 0 1505(It)m 205(has)s 575(result)s 480 1050(W)m 9(illiam)k 1313(Strunk)s 2012(and)s 2416(E.)s 2666(B.)s 2930(White.)s 240 fnt6 3678 1052(The)m 4090(Elements)s 5021(of)s 5302(Style)s 240 fnt1 5759 1050(.)m 5923(Macmillan)s 6955(.)s 7119(Third)s 7708(Edition)s 8409(,)s 8516(1979)s 8987(.)s 0 551(Notice)m 696(ho)s 6(w)k 1160(the)s 220 fnt2 1512 548(@Style)m 240 fnt1 2277 551(parameter)m 3295(of)s 220 fnt2 3569 548(@RefStyle)m 240 fnt1 4675 551(is)m 4889(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5472(the)s 5824(parameter)s 220 fnt2 6841 548(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 8373 551(,)m 8484(which)s 0 263(it)m 192(uses)s 655(to)s 894(open)s 1417(the)s 1765(appropriate)s 2909(reference.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 99 105 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.5.)m 1871(Biblio)s 2(gr)k 3(aphies)k 240 fnt5 10249 -1583(99)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 13205(W)m 19(e)k 858(can)s 1256(consult)s 2017(the)s 220 fnt2 2374 13202(@T)m 26(ype)k 240 fnt1 3121 13205(attrib)m 4(ute)k 3977(of)s 4258(a)s 4433(reference)s 5386(to)s 5634(\207nd)s 6075(out)s 6450(its)s 6736(style,)s 7303(which)s 7955(brings)s 8613(us)s 8887(to)s 0 12917(the)m 348(follo)s 6(wing)k 1325(de\207nition)s 2299(for)s 2637(printing)s 3447(out)s 3813(a)s 3979(reference)s 4922(in)s 5165(the)s 5513(style)s 6020(appropriate)s 7164(to)s 7403(it:)s 220 fnt2 480 12416(def @RefPr)m -3(int)k 480 12128( r)m -3(ight reftag)k 480 11840({ @RefStyle&&{ @Ref)m 6(erence&&reftag @Open { @T)k 26(ype } })k 480 11552( @Open { @Style reftag })m 480 11264(})m 240 fnt1 0 10770(F)m 3(or)k 389(e)s 3(xample,)k 1303(to)s 1542(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k 220 fnt2 2382 10767(@RefPr)m -3(int str)k -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 4992 10770(,)m 5099(Lout)s 5611(\207rst)s 6042(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 220 fnt2 480 10269(@Ref)m 6(erence&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open { @T)k 26(ype })k 240 fnt1 0 9771(whose)m 668(result)s 1258(is)s 220 fnt2 1468 9768(Book)m 240 fnt1 1968 9771(,)m 2075(and)s 2479(then)s 2948(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluates)k 220 fnt2 480 9289(@RefStyle&&Book @Open { @Style str)m -3(unk1979style })k 240 fnt1 0 8791(as)m 266(before.)s 1056(Complicated)s 2353(as)s 2619(this)s 3032(is,)s 3314(with)s 3813(its)s 4105(tw)s 2(o)k 4531(databases)s 5515(and)s 5935(cle)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 6586(passing)s 7373(about)s 7982(of)s 8269(tags,)s 8778(the)s 0 8503(adv)m 6(antages)k 1098(of)s 1359(separating)s 2384(references)s 3405(from)s 3919(printing)s 4718(styles)s 5303(are)s 5640(considerable:)s 7004(printing)s 7804(styles)s 8389(may)s 8844(be)s 0 8215(changed)m 856(easily)s 15(,)k 1505(and)s 1909(non-e)s 3(xpert)k 3002(users)s 3544(need)s 4054(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 4636(see)s 4997(them.)s 480 7841(Finally)m 15(,)k 1243(we)s 1571(come)s 2138(to)s 2370(the)s 2711(problem)s 3561(of)s 3825(printing)s 4628(out)s 4987(a)s 5146(numbered)s 6154(list)s 6498(of)s 6762(references,)s 7842(and)s 8239(referring)s 0 7553(to)m 251(them)s 802(by)s 1108(number)s 1912(in)s 2167(the)s 2528(body)s 3074(of)s 3358(the)s 3718(document.)s 4839(The)s 5279(\207rst)s 5723(step)s 6173(is)s 6396(to)s 6647(create)s 7285(a)s 7463(numbered)s 8491(list)s 8855(of)s 0 7265(places)m 648(that)s 1066(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1790(containing)s 2853(references)s 3884(may)s 4350(attach)s 4977(to:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_3 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 6764(def @Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 480 6476( named @T)m 26(ag {})k 480 6188( named @Title { Ref)m 6(erences })k 480 5900( named @RunningTitle { dft })m 480 5612( named style r)m -3(ight tag { tag.)k 13( })k 480 5324( named headstyle r)m -3(ight @Title { @Heading @Title })k 480 5036( named indent { @DispIndent })m 480 4748( named gap { @DispGap })m 480 4460( named star)m -8(t { 1 })k 480 4172({)m 480 3884( def @RefList r)m -3(ight n)k 2(um)k 480 3596( {)m 480 3308( @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er n)k 2(um & indent @Wide {style n)k 2(um} | @RefPlace)k 480 3020( //gap @RefList @Ne)m 6(xt n)k 2(um)k 480 2732( })m 480 2156( @Protect headstyle @Title)m 480 1868( // @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged @T)k 26(ag)k 480 1580( // @Title @MajorContentsEntr)m -6(y {@P)k 8(ageOf @T)k 26(ag})k 480 1292( // @Runner)m 480 1004( @F)m 6(ootEv)k 5(en { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 716( @F)m 6(ootOdd { |0.5r)k -8(t 0.8f @F)k 6(ont @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 428( //@DispGap @RefList star)m -8(t)k 480 140( // @Runner)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 100 106 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(100)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13264 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13207( @T)m 26(opEv)k 5(en { @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 12919( @T)m 26(opOdd { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1r)k -8(t @B @P)k 8(ageNum })k 480 12631(})m 240 fnt1 0 12137(W)m 19(e)k 378(place)s 948(the)s 1305(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt2 2392 12134(@Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 240 fnt1 4408 12137(at)m 4649(the)s 5007(point)s 5569(where)s 6218(we)s 6563(w)s 2(ant)k 7096(the)s 7453(list)s 7814(of)s 8095(references)s 0 11849(to)m 239(appear;)s 988(its)s 1264(v)s 6(alue)k 1832(is)s 2042(something)s 3092(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt2 480 11348(1.)m 13( @RefPlace)k 480 11060(2.)m 13( @RefPlace)k 480 10772(3.)m 13( @RefPlace)k 480 10484(...)m 240 fnt1 0 10033(where)m 220 fnt2 648 10030(@RefPlace)m 240 fnt1 1820 10033(is)m 220 fnt2 2038 10030(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 2945 10033(as)m 3203(usual.)s 3880(W)s 19(e)k 4258(can)s 4655(scatter)s 5345(multiple)s 6205(lists)s 6649(of)s 6928(references)s 7967(through)s 8778(the)s 0 9745(document)m 1004(if)s 1220(we)s 1555(wish)s 2063(\(at)s 2373(the)s 2721(end)s 3124(of)s 3395(each)s 3889(chapter)s 9(,)k 4689(for)s 5027(e)s 3(xample\),)k 6019(simply)s 6724(by)s 7017(placing)s 220 fnt2 7773 9742(@Ref)m 6(erence-)k 0 9454(Section)m 240 fnt1 777 9457(at)m 1009(each)s 1504(point.)s 480 9083(Our)m 912(task)s 1358(is)s 1568(completed)s 2622(by)s 2916(the)s 3264(follo)s 6(wing)k 4241(de\207nition:)s [ /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_4 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 480 8582(def @Ref r)m -3(ight x)k 480 8294({)m 480 8006( def sendref into { @RefPlace&&f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing })k 480 7718( r)m -3(ight @K)k 8(e)k 4(y)k 480 7430( {)m 480 7142( @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x &)k 480 6854( @P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged x &)k 480 6566( @RefPr)m -3(int x)k 480 6278( })m 480 5702( @NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&x @Open { @T)k 26(ag } sendref x)k 480 5414(})m 240 fnt1 0 4920(Gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k 633(this)s 1029(de\207nition,)s 2053(the)s 2401(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 220 fnt2 3455 4917(@Ref str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 5672 4920(has)m 6042(result)s 220 fnt2 480 4421(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 3922(plus)m 450(the)s 798(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 220 fnt2 1432 3919(sendref str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 3757 3922(.)m 3921(W)s 19(e)k 4290(\207rst)s 4721(follo)s 6(w)k 5393(what)s 5918(happens)s 6754(to)s 6993(the)s 7341(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 480 3548(According)m 1555(to)s 1806(its)s 220 fnt2 2094 3545(into)m 240 fnt1 2512 3548(clause,)m 3229(the)s 3589(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4235(will)s 4673(replace)s 5430(a)s 220 fnt2 5609 3545(@RefPlace)m 240 fnt1 6785 3548(in)m 7040(the)s 7400(nearest)s 8149(follo)s 6(wing)k 220 fnt2 0 3257(@Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 240 fnt1 1946 3260(.)m 2114(If)s 2348(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 2928(such)s 3428(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4066(is)s 4280(a)s 4450(sorted)s 5096(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5734(whose)s 6406(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 6805(is)s 7019(the)s 7371(reference')s 13(s)k 8472(tag,)s 8876(as)s 0 2972(this)m 396(one)s 798(is,)s 1064(the)s 3(y)k 1527(will)s 1953(appear)s 2650(sorted)s 3292(by)s 3586(tag.)s 4042(The)s 4470(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k 5260(object)s 5904(is)s 220 fnt2 480 2471(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged str)k -3(unk1979style &)k 480 2183(@P)m 8(ageMar)k -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding @T)k 26(agged str)k -3(unk1979style &)k 480 1895(@RefPr)m -3(int str)k -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 0 1397(The)m 428(result)s 1017(of)s 1287(the)s 220 fnt2 1634 1394(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt1 2622 1397(symbol)m 3381(is)s 3590(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 220 fnt2 4300 1394(@Null)m 240 fnt1 4885 1397(,)m 4991(so)s 5256(this)s 5651(prints)s 6245(the)s 220 fnt2 6592 1394(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 8183 1397(reference)m 0 1109(in)m 243(the)s 591(appropriate)s 1735(style)s 2242(at)s 2474(the)s 220 fnt2 2822 1106(@RefPlace)m 240 fnt1 3926 1109(,)m 4033(as)s 4283(desired.)s 480 735(No)m 6(w)k 220 fnt2 1044 732(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&preceding)k 240 fnt1 4082 735(is)m 4342(the)s 4741(nearest)s 5527(preceding)s 6573(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 7677(of)s 220 fnt2 7999 732(@Number-)m 0 444(Mar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 775 447(in)m 1051(the)s 1432(\207nal)s 1946(document.)s 3087(This)s 3596(must)s 4155(be)s 4470(the)s 4851(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 5939(of)s 220 fnt2 6243 444(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 8021 447(just)m 8460(before)s 0 159(the)m 220 fnt2 378 156(@RefPlace)m 240 fnt1 1572 159(that)m 2020(recei)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 2908(the)s 3286(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 3988(and)s 4423(so)s 4719(this)s 5145(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6229(of)s 220 fnt2 6530 156(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er)k 240 fnt1 8305 159(is)m 8546(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 101 107 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.5.)m 1871(Biblio)s 2(gr)k 3(aphies)k 240 fnt5 10136 -1583(101)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 0 13202(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 1585 13205(as)m 1827(an)s 2102(additional)s 3105(tag)s 3442(by)s 3728(the)s 220 fnt2 4068 13202(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt1 5050 13205(symbol.)m 5911(Its)s 6192(original)s 6982(tag)s 7319(w)s 2(as)k 7732(the)s 8072(number)s 8855(of)s 0 12917(the)m 348(reference)s 1291(place,)s 1902(which)s 2544(means)s 3206(that)s 220 fnt2 480 12416(@NumberMar)m -3(k)k 4(er&&str)k -3(unk1979style @Open { @T)k 26(ag })k 240 fnt1 0 11917(has)m 370(for)s 708(its)s 984(result)s 1574(the)s 1922(number)s 2713(of)s 2984(the)s 3332(reference)s 4275(place)s 4835(that)s 5253(recei)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 6111(the)s 220 fnt2 6459 11914(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 8051 11917(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 8722(and)s 0 11629(this)m 396(is)s 606(the)s 954(desired)s 1702(result)s 2292(of)s 220 fnt2 2563 11626(@Ref str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 4720 11629(.)m 480 11255(It)m 674(might)s 1281(seem)s 1821(that)s 2228(if)s 2434(we)s 2758(refer)s 3256(to)s 3483(the)s 220 fnt2 3820 11252(str)m -3(unk1979style)k 240 fnt1 5401 11255(reference)m 6333(twice,)s 6946(tw)s 2(o)k 7345(copies)s 7996(will)s 8411(be)s 8681(sent)s 0 10967(to)m 247(the)s 603(reference)s 1554(list)s 1914(and)s 2326(it)s 2526(will)s 2961(appear)s 3666(twice.)s 4355(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 5324(when)s 5908(more)s 6463(than)s 6941(one)s 7351(sorted)s 8001(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 8644(with)s 0 10679(the)m 341(same)s 881(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 1269(is)s 1472(sent)s 1910(to)s 2142(the)s 2483(same)s 3023(place,)s 3627(only)s 4100(one)s 4495(of)s 4759(them)s 5290(is)s 5493(printed)s 6221(\(Section)s 7067(1.4\);)s 7551(so)s 7810(pro)s 3(vided)k 8708(that)s 0 10391(sorted)m 642(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 1366(are)s 1713(used)s 2210(there)s 2743(is)s 2953(no)s 3246(problem.)s 240 fnt5 0 9598(4.6.)m 471(Mer)s 2(ged)k 1321(index)s 1936(entries)s [ /Dest /LOUTexa_inde /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 480 9121(Getting)m 1282(inde)s 3(x)k 1898(entries)s 2618(to)s 2889(mer)s 4(ge)k 3570(correctly)s 4505(has)s 4907(been)s 5448(quite)s 6015(a)s 6213(struggle.)s 7119(It)s 7357(is)s 7599(easy)s 8110(to)s 8382(specify)s 0 8833(what)m 549(is)s 784(w)s 2(anted,)k 1605(b)s 4(ut)k 1991(Lout)s 2528(lacks)s 3095(the)s 3468(lists)s 3927(and)s 4356(objects)s 5109(\(in)s 5456(the)s 5828(object-oriented)s 7357(sense\))s 8028(that)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 8545(mak)m 2(e)k 618(the)s 1012(implementation)s 2615(straightforw)s 2(ard.)k 4295(The)s 4770(whole)s 5457(problem)s 6360(w)s 2(as)k 6827(reanalysed)s 7953(for)s 8338(V)s 26(ersion)k 0 8257(3.26,)m 523(reimplemented,)s 2059(tested)s 2669(more)s 3212(carefully)s 4110(than)s 4574(is)s 4780(usually)s 5520(necessary)s 6499(in)s 6738(Lout,)s 7292(and)s 7692(pro)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 8404(correct)s 0 7969(as)m 250(follo)s 6(ws.)k 480 7595(W)m 19(e)k 841(ignore)s 1500(page)s 2000(number)s 2783(ranges)s 3450(in)s 3684(this)s 4072(proof.)s 4746(It)s 4943(is)s 5145(not)s 5503(hard)s 5977(to)s 6208(sho)s 6(w)k 6754(that)s 7164(the)s 3(y)k 7619(will)s 8037(be)s 8310(handled)s 0 7307(correctly)m 910(too,)s 1332(pro)s 3(vided)k 2246(the)s 3(y)k 2718(do)s 3019(not)s 3394(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlap)k 4166(with)s 4657(other)s 5217(entries)s 5912(with)s 6403(the)s 6759(same)s 7315(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 7813(The)s 8250(ef)s 6(fect)k 8855(of)s 0 7019(such)m 496(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlaps)k 1352(is)s 1563(unde\207ned,)s 2616(lea)s 4(ving)k 3370(us)s 3635(nothing)s 4421(to)s 4661(pro)s 3(v)k 3(e.)k 5365(W)s 19(e)k 5735(also)s 6174(assume)s 6935(that)s 7354(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 7931(entry)s 8477(with)s 8960(a)s 0 6731(gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k 582(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 980(has)s 1352(the)s 1703(same)s 2252(label,)s 2826(including)s 3785(an)s 3(y)k 4185(format)s 4883(\(that)s 5383(is,)s 5651(the)s 6002(same)s 6551(initial)s 7165(part)s 7598(before)s 8267(the)s 8618(page)s 0 6443(number\).)m 974(If)s 1204(labels)s 1812(dif)s 6(fer)k 2395(the)s 2743(result)s 3333(is)s 3543(unde\207ned)s 4546(and)s 4950(there)s 5483(is)s 5693(nothing)s 6478(to)s 6717(pro)s 3(v)k 3(e.)k 480 6069(W)m 19(e)k 849(will)s 1275(pro)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 1870(that)s 2288(ra)s 3(w)k 2697(entries)s 3384(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 4095(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4596(the)s 4944(form)s 220 fnt2 480 5570(label &0.03fu {})m 240 fnt1 0 5076(and)m 404(that)s 822(non-ra)s 3(w)k 1670(entries)s 2357(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 3068(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3569(the)s 3917(form)s 220 fnt2 480 4575(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2)m 240 fnt1 0 4079(where)m 628(the)s 964(pattern)s 1672(may)s 2125(repeat)s 2756(for)s 3082(an)s 3(y)k 3466(number)s 4245(of)s 4504(page)s 5000(numbers)s 220 fnt2 5862 4076(pn1)m 240 fnt1 6185 4079(,)m 220 fnt2 6280 4076(pn2)m 240 fnt1 6636 4079(,)m 6731(etc.)s 7160(In)s 7404(addition,)s 8283(the)s 8618(page)s 0 3791(numbers)m 867(will)s 1284(be)s 1557(distinct,)s 2359(monotone)s 3364(increasing,)s 4444(and)s 4839(consist)s 5555(of)s 5817(e)s 3(xactly)k 6549(the)s 6889(numbers)s 7755(in)s 7989(the)s 8328(original)s 0 3503(unmer)m 4(ged)k 1011(entries.)s 480 3129(These)m 1128(e)s 3(xpressions)k 2314(are)s 2683(not)s 3071(the)s 3441(simplest)s 4319(that)s 4758(w)s 2(ould)k 5435(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5916(the)s 6286(correct)s 7030(appearance.)s 8291(W)s 9(ithout)k 220 fnt2 0 2838(&0.03fu {})m 240 fnt1 1006 2841(the)m 1345(code)s 1844(w)s 2(ould)k 2491(not)s 2848(w)s 2(ork)k 3390(correctly)s 15(,)k 4321(as)s 4563(will)s 4980(be)s 5253(e)s 3(xplained)k 6230(belo)s 6(w)k 15(.)k 6949(W)s 9(ithout)k 220 fnt2 7775 2838(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 8778 2841(the)m 0 2553(commas)m 845(w)s 2(ould)k 1497(be)s 1775(subject)s 2509(to)s 2744(an)s 3024(optimization)s 4285(which)s 4924(can)s 5309(mer)s 4(ge)k 5955(them)s 6489(into)s 6911(the)s 7255(pre)s 6(vious)k 8121(w)s 2(ord.)k 8771(It')s 13(s)k 0 2265(too)m 363(dif\207cult)s 1184(to)s 1428(e)s 3(xplain)k 2191(when)s 2772(this)s 3172(optimization)s 4442(will)s 4873(and)s 5282(will)s 5713(not)s 6084(be)s 6370(applied;)s 7191(suf\207ce)s 7889(to)s 8133(say)s 8511(that)s 8934(it)s 0 1977(will)m 433(sometimes)s 1513(not)s 1886(happen)s 2642(when)s 3225(melding,)s 4123(and)s 4534(this)s 4937(will)s 5370(cause)s 220 fnt2 5964 1974(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 6717 1977(to)m 6963(get)s 7322(its)s 7605(equality)s 8436(testing)s 0 1689(wrong,)m 719(so)s 985(it)s 1177(must)s 1702(be)s 1984(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ented)k 2976(from)s 3500(happening)s 4551(at)s 4783(all.)s 480 1315(Our)m 940(proof)s 1559(is)s 1798(by)s 2121(induction)s 3111(on)s 3436(the)s 3813(number)s 4633(of)s 4933(entries)s 5649(mer)s 4(ged)k 6448(together)s 13(.)k 7411(First,)s 7984(we)s 8348(need)s 8887(to)s 0 1027(establish)m 916(the)s 1288(base)s 1793(cases.)s 2485(If)s 2739(the)s 3111(inde)s 3(x)k 3719(entry)s 4288(is)s 4522(ra)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 4993(the)s 5365(follo)s 6(wing)k 6366(e)s 3(xpression)k 7467(is)s 7701(used)s 8222(to)s 8485(de\207ne)s 0 739(its)m 276(v)s 6(alue:)k 220 fnt2 480 289(label &0.03fu {})m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 102 108 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(102)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13368 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(If)m 230(the)s 578(inde)s 3(x)k 1162(entry)s 1707(is)s 1917(non-ra)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 2803(the)s 3151(follo)s 6(wing)k 4128(e)s 3(xpression)k 5205(is)s 5415(used)s 5912(to)s 6151(de\207ne)s 6792(its)s 7068(v)s 6(alue:)k 220 fnt2 480 12704(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn)m 240 fnt1 0 12208(where)m 220 fnt2 635 12205(pn)m 240 fnt1 919 12208(is)m 1124(the)s 1466(page)s 1969(number)s 2754(or)s 3008(page)s 3510(number)s 4296(range)s 4877(of)s 5143(the)s 5485(entry)s 15(.)k 6120(In)s 6370(each)s 6860(case)s 7321(we)s 7651(clearly)s 8348(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8843(an)s 0 11920(entry)m 545(that)s 963(satis\207es)s 1770(all)s 2063(the)s 2411(requirements)s 3709(of)s 3980(the)s 4328(theorem.)s 480 11546(No)m 6(w)k 1000(consider)s 1877(what)s 2409(happens)s 3252(when)s 3835(we)s 4176(come)s 4757(to)s 5003(mer)s 4(ge)k 5659(tw)s 2(o)k 6076(entries.)s 6882(The)s 7317(code)s 7832(used)s 8336(to)s 8582(carry)s 0 11258(out)m 366(this)s 762(mer)s 4(ge)k 1411(is)s 220 fnt2 480 10757(def @Merge left x r)m -3(ight y)k 480 10469({)m 480 10181( { x @Rump { x @Meld y } } @Case)m 480 9893( {)m 480 9605( "" @Y)m 4(ield x)k 480 9317( else @Y)m 4(ield { { x{@OneCol ,} } @Meld y })k 480 9029( })m 480 8453(})m 240 fnt1 0 7959(where)m 220 fnt2 640 7956(x)m 240 fnt1 808 7959(is)m 1018(the)s 1366(\207rst)s 1797(entry)s 2342(and)s 220 fnt2 2746 7956(y)m 240 fnt1 2914 7959(is)m 3124(the)s 3472(second.)s 480 7585(W)m 19(e)k 849(call)s 1248(the)s 1596(e)s 3(xpression)k 220 fnt2 480 7084(x @Rump { x @Meld y })m 240 fnt1 0 6584(the)m 240 fnt6 348 6586(discriminant)m 240 fnt1 1561 6584(,)m 1668(since)s 2215(it)s 2407(determines)s 3506(which)s 4148(case)s 4615(to)s 4854(apply)s 15(.)k 5535(W)s 19(e)k 5904(will)s 6330(track)s 6868(this)s 7264(in)s 7507(detail)s 8092(belo)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 8764(b)s 4(ut)k 0 6296(approximately)m 15(,)k 1483(its)s 1770(function)s 2635(is)s 2856(to)s 3105(determine)s 4127(whether)s 220 fnt2 4968 6293(y)m 240 fnt1 5147 6296(contains)m 6005(something)s 7066(that)s 7495(is)s 7716(dif)s 6(ferent)k 8602(from)s 0 6008(an)m 3(ything)k 903(in)s 220 fnt2 1162 6005(x)m 240 fnt1 1270 6008(.)m 1450(If)s 1696(so,)s 2031(then)s 220 fnt2 2516 6005(x @Meld y)m 240 fnt1 3630 6008(dif)m 6(fers)k 4313(from)s 220 fnt2 4852 6005(x)m 240 fnt1 5036 6008(and)m 5456(the)s 5820(discriminant)s 7089(is)s 7315(non-empty;)s 8480(if)s 8713(not,)s 220 fnt2 0 5717(x @Meld y)m 240 fnt1 1098 5720(is)m 1308(equal)s 1881(to)s 220 fnt2 2120 5717(x)m 240 fnt1 2288 5720(and)m 2692(the)s 3040(discriminant)s 4294(is)s 4504(empty)s 15(.)k 480 5346(The)m 919(\207rst)s 1362(entry)s 15(,)k 220 fnt2 1956 5343(x)m 240 fnt1 2064 5346(,)m 2183(may)s 2660(be)s 2954(ra)s 3(w)k 3374(or)s 3645(non-ra)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 4543(and)s 4958(the)s 5318(second,)s 220 fnt2 6101 5343(y)m 240 fnt1 6209 5346(,)m 6328(may)s 6805(also)s 7255(be)s 7548(ra)s 3(w)k 7969(or)s 8240(non-ra)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 0 5058(together)m 843(gi)s 6(ving)k 1502(four)s 1960(cases,)s 2571(which)s 3213(we)s 3548(tak)s 2(e)k 4000(in)s 4243(turn.)s 480 4684(If)m 718(both)s 1209(entries)s 1904(are)s 2260(ra)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 2715(then)s 3192(by)s 3494(assumption)s 4650(the)s 3(y)k 5121(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5630(the)s 5986(same)s 6542(labels)s 7158(and)s 7570(so)s 7844(are)s 8200(identical.)s 0 4396(Thus,)m 220 fnt2 586 4393(x @Meld y)m 240 fnt1 1684 4396(equals)m 220 fnt2 2346 4393(x)m 240 fnt1 2454 4396(,)m 2561(the)s 2909(discriminant)s 4163(is)s 4373(empty)s 15(,)k 5063(and)s 5467(the)s 5815(result)s 6405(is)s 220 fnt2 6615 4393(x)m 240 fnt1 6723 4396(,)m 6830(which)s 7472(is)s 7682(correct.)s 480 4022(If)m 220 fnt2 704 4019(x)m 240 fnt1 866 4022(is)m 1070(ra)s 3(w)k 1473(and)s 220 fnt2 1870 4019(y)m 240 fnt1 2032 4022(is)m 2236(non-ra)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 3116(then)s 3579(the)s 3920(discriminant)s 5168(is)s 5372(non-empty)s 6457(and)s 6855(the)s 7196(result)s 7780(is)s 7984(the)s 8326(meld)s 8855(of)s 0 3734(tw)m 2(o)k 410(objects,)s 1194(the)s 1542(\207rst)s 1973(ha)s 4(ving)k 2674(the)s 3022(form)s 220 fnt2 480 3233(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,})m 240 fnt1 0 2739(being)m 220 fnt2 585 2736(x)m 240 fnt1 753 2739(with)m 1235(a)s 1401(comma)s 2165(appended,)s 3190(and)s 3594(the)s 3942(second)s 4665(being)s 5250(some)s 5811(non-ra)s 3(w)k 6659(entry)s 7204(such)s 7700(as)s 220 fnt2 480 2238(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2)m 240 fnt1 0 1742(where)m 646(the)s 1001(pattern)s 1727(may)s 2200(repeat.)s 2954(W)s 19(e)k 3329(are)s 3683(assuming)s 4647(by)s 4947(induction)s 5915(that)s 220 fnt2 6339 1739(y)m 240 fnt1 6514 1742(has)m 6891(this)s 7293(form.)s 7928(Clearly)s 15(,)k 8730(this)s 0 1454(meld)m 536(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 1083(a)s 1249(v)s 6(alue)k 1817(equal)s 2390(to)s 220 fnt2 2629 1451(y)m 240 fnt1 2737 1454(,)m 2844(which)s 3486(is)s 3696(the)s 4044(correct)s 4766(result.)s 480 1080(If)m 220 fnt2 710 1077(x)m 240 fnt1 878 1080(is)m 1088(non-ra)s 3(w)k 1936(and)s 220 fnt2 2340 1077(y)m 240 fnt1 2508 1080(is)m 2718(ra)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 3165(the)s 220 fnt2 3513 1077(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 4259 1080(in)m 4502(the)s 4850(discriminant)s 6104(melds)s 6726(tw)s 2(o)k 7136(v)s 6(alues)k 7792(typi\207ed)s 8581(by)s 220 fnt2 480 579(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2)m 240 fnt1 0 83(and)m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 103 109 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(4.6.)m 1871(Mer)s 8(g)k 2(ed)k 2671(inde)s 4(x)k 3245(entries)s 240 fnt5 10130 -1583(103)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13266 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 480 13209(label &0.03fu {})m 240 fnt1 0 12715(The)m 440(result)s 1042(of)s 1325(this)s 1733(is)s 220 fnt2 1955 12712(x)m 240 fnt1 2135 12715(with)m 2629(an)s 2924(empty)s 3588(object)s 4244(added)s 4886(at)s 5130(the)s 5490(end.)s 6012(This)s 6500(empty)s 7164(object)s 7820(is)s 8042(the)s 8403(second)s 0 12427(element)m 815(of)s 220 fnt2 1084 12424(y)m 240 fnt1 1192 12427(,)m 1297(which)s 1937(is)s 2145(not)s 2509(equal)s 3080(to)s 3317(an)s 3(y)k 3712(element)s 4526(of)s 220 fnt2 4795 12424(x)m 240 fnt1 4903 12427(:)m 5067(the)s 5413(second)s 6134(element)s 6948(of)s 220 fnt2 7217 12424(x)m 240 fnt1 7383 12427(is)m 7591(not)s 220 fnt2 7955 12424({})m 240 fnt1 8150 12427(b)m 4(ut)k 8510(rather)s 220 fnt2 0 12136({}{@OneCol ,})m 240 fnt1 1371 12139(,)m 1515(because)s 220 fnt2 2365 12136(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 3148 12139(treats)m 3752(immediately)s 5038(adjacent)s 5931(objects)s 6696(as)s 6983(single)s 7647(elements.)s 8698(The)s 0 11851(result)m 590(of)s 220 fnt2 861 11848(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 1720 11851(is)m 1930(then)s 2398(this)s 2794(e)s 3(xtra)k 3327(empty)s 3979(object,)s 4669(so)s 4935(the)s 5282(discriminant)s 6536(is)s 6745(the)s 7093(empty)s 7744(object)s 8388(and)s 8791(we)s 0 11563(return)m 220 fnt2 627 11560(x)m 240 fnt1 735 11563(,)m 842(correctly)s 15(.)k 1839(It)s 2044(is)s 2254(this)s 2650(case)s 3117(that)s 3535(requires)s 4355(us)s 4619(to)s 4858(use)s 220 fnt2 5233 11560(0.03fu)m 240 fnt1 5829 11563(;)m 5941(without)s 6732(it)s 6924(we)s 7259(w)s 2(ould)k 7914(be)s 8196(melding)s 220 fnt2 480 11062(label{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2)m 240 fnt1 0 10566(with)m 220 fnt2 480 10118(label)m 240 fnt1 0 9664(producing)m 220 fnt2 480 9163(label{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2 label)m 240 fnt1 0 8667(leading)m 757(to)s 996(a)s 1162(non-empty)s 2253(discriminant)s 3507(and)s 3911(the)s 4259(wrong)s 4924(answer)s 13(.)k 480 8293(This)m 957(lea)s 4(v)k 3(es)k 1600(just)s 2007(the)s 2357(case)s 2826(where)s 3468(both)s 220 fnt2 3953 8290(x)m 240 fnt1 4123 8293(and)m 220 fnt2 4529 8290(y)m 240 fnt1 4698 8293(are)m 5047(non-ra)s 3(w)k 15(.)k 5992(W)s 19(e)k 6363(will)s 6791(di)s 6(vide)k 7441(this)s 7839(last)s 8232(case)s 8701(into)s 0 8005(three)m 533(sub-cases,)s 1556(b)s 4(ut)k 1918(\207rst)s 2349(we)s 2684(need)s 3194(some)s 3755(general)s 4513(observ)s 6(ations.)k 480 7631(Inde)m 3(x)k 1078(entries)s 1766(are)s 2114(sorted)s 2757(for)s 3096(mer)s 4(ging)k 3943(in)s 4187(the)s 4536(order)s 5101(in)s 5345(which)s 5988(their)s 6486(anchor)s 7198(points)s 7835(appear)s 8533(in)s 8778(the)s 0 7343(\207nal)m 490(printed)s 1235(document.)s 2354(This)s 2840(means)s 3513(that)s 3941(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 4431(the)s 4789(course)s 5480(of)s 5761(these)s 6319(entries)s 7016(the)s 7375(page)s 7893(numbers)s 8779(are)s 0 7055(non-decreasing.)m 1636(It)s 1853(is)s 2075(therefore)s 3004(clear)s 3539(that,)s 4016(although)s 4923(the)s 5283(order)s 5859(of)s 6142(mer)s 4(ging)k 7000(is)s 7222(unde\207ned)s 8237(\(actually)s 0 6767(a)m 196(balanced)s 1134(tree)s 1577(order)s 2172(is)s 2412(used\),)s 3067(whene)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 4078(tw)s 2(o)k 4519(entries)s 5236(are)s 5613(presented)s 6617(for)s 6986(mer)s 4(ging,)k 7916(all)s 8239(the)s 8618(page)s 0 6479(numbers)m 867(in)s 1101(the)s 1440(\207rst)s 1862(entry)s 2398(are)s 2736(no)s 3020(lar)s 4(ger)k 3623(than)s 4083(all)s 4368(the)s 4707(page)s 5206(numbers)s 6072(in)s 6306(the)s 6645(second)s 7359(entry)s 15(.)k 7990(W)s 19(e)k 8350(are)s 8688(also)s 0 6191(assuming)m 957(inducti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 2078(that)s 2496(the)s 2844(page)s 3352(numbers)s 4227(in)s 4471(each)s 4966(entry)s 5511(are)s 5858(distinct)s 6621(and)s 7025(monotone)s 8040(increasing.)s 0 5903(Thus,)m 599(there)s 1145(can)s 1547(be)s 1842(at)s 2087(most)s 2626(one)s 3041(page)s 3562(number)s 4366(common)s 5274(to)s 5526(an)s 3(y)k 5937(tw)s 2(o)k 6360(entries)s 7060(being)s 7658(mer)s 4(ged,)k 8491(and)s 8909(if)s 0 5615(there)m 533(is)s 743(one)s 1145(in)s 1388(common)s 2283(it)s 2475(is)s 2685(the)s 3033(last)s 3424(page)s 3932(number)s 4723(of)s 4994(the)s 5342(\207rst)s 5773(entry)s 6318(and)s 6722(the)s 7070(\207rst)s 7501(of)s 7772(the)s 8120(second.)s 480 5241(Our)m 935(\207rst)s 1389(sub-case)s 2291(is)s 2524(when)s 3123(the)s 3494(tw)s 2(o)k 3927(entries)s 4638(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5162(no)s 5478(page)s 6009(number)s 6823(in)s 7089(common.)s 8114(Since)s 220 fnt2 8724 5238(y)m 240 fnt1 8916 5241(is)m 0 4953(non-ra)m 3(w)k 15(,)k 886(it)s 1079(has)s 1450(a)s 1617(page)s 2126(number)s 2918(not)s 3285(equal)s 3859(to)s 4098(an)s 3(y)k 4496(page)s 5005(number)s 5797(in)s 220 fnt2 6041 4950(x)m 240 fnt1 6149 4953(.)m 6314(Therefore)s 7312(the)s 7661(discriminant)s 8916(is)s 0 4665(non-empty)m 1101(and)s 1516(the)s 1875(result)s 2476(is)s 2697(the)s 3055(meld)s 3602(of)s 220 fnt2 3884 4662(x{@OneCol ,})m 240 fnt1 5290 4665(with)m 220 fnt2 5783 4662(y)m 240 fnt1 5891 4665(,)m 6008(which)s 6661(for)s 7010(e)s 3(xample)k 7884(could)s 8485(be)s 8778(the)s 0 4377(meld)m 536(of)s 220 fnt2 480 3926(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2{@OneCol ,})m 240 fnt1 0 3430(with)m 220 fnt2 480 2978(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn3{@OneCol ,} pn4)m 240 fnt1 0 2482(This)m 508(will)s 966(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1457(the)s 1837(right)s 2380(answer)s 9(,)k 3187(since)s 220 fnt2 3767 2479(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 4545 2482(treats)m 5144(adjacent)s 6032(objects)s 6792(as)s 7074(single)s 7733(elements,)s 8722(and)s 0 2194(al)m 2(w)k 2(ays)k 711(incorporates)s 1943(elements)s 2843(from)s 3367(the)s 3715(\207rst)s 4146(parameter)s 5160(\207rst)s 5591(when)s 6167(it)s 6359(has)s 6729(a)s 6895(choice.)s 480 1820(Our)m 908(second)s 1627(sub-case)s 2501(is)s 2707(when)s 3278(the)s 3622(tw)s 2(o)k 4028(entries)s 4710(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5207(a)s 5368(page)s 5872(number)s 6659(in)s 6897(common)s 7788(and)s 220 fnt2 8187 1817(y)m 240 fnt1 8351 1820(has)m 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 1532(or)m 273(more)s 835(page)s 1358(numbers.)s 2361(The)s 2804(common)s 3714(page)s 4236(number)s 5042(must)s 5582(be)s 5879(the)s 6242(last)s 6648(of)s 220 fnt2 6933 1529(x)m 240 fnt1 7116 1532(and)m 7535(the)s 7898(\207rst)s 8344(of)s 220 fnt2 8630 1529(y)m 240 fnt1 8738 1532(,)m 8860(so)s 0 1244(ag)m 1(ain)k 220 fnt2 574 1241(y)m 240 fnt1 742 1244(has)m 1112(something)s 2163(\(its)s 2518(last)s 2909(page)s 3417(number\))s 4277(distinct)s 5040(from)s 220 fnt2 5564 1241(x)m 240 fnt1 5672 1244(,)m 5779(the)s 6128(discriminant)s 7382(is)s 7592(non-empty)s 15(,)k 8722(and)s 0 956(we)m 335(end)s 739(up)s 1032(for)s 1370(e)s 3(xample)k 2233(melding)s 220 fnt2 480 455(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2{@OneCol ,})m grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 104 110 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(104)m 240 fnt6 8434 -1580(Chapter)m 9284(4.)s 9558(Examples)s gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(with)m 220 fnt2 480 12753(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn2{@OneCol ,} pn3)m 240 fnt1 0 12257(Ag)m 1(ain)k 648(it')s 13(s)k 998(clear)s 1529(that)s 1955(the)s 2310(meld)s 2854(will)s 3288(produce)s 4123(the)s 4478(right)s 4997(answer;)s 5794(in)s 6045(f)s 2(act,)k 6514(this)s 6918(second)s 7649(sub-case)s 8536(could)s 0 11969(be)m 282(uni\207ed)s 1005(with)s 1487(the)s 1835(\207rst)s 2266(sub-case.)s 480 11595(Our)m 916(third)s 1429(sub-case)s 2312(is)s 2526(when)s 3106(the)s 3458(tw)s 2(o)k 3872(entries)s 4563(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5068(a)s 5238(page)s 5750(number)s 6545(in)s 6792(common)s 7691(and)s 220 fnt2 8099 11592(y)m 240 fnt1 8271 11595(has)m 8646(only)s 0 11307(one)m 402(page)s 910(number)s 13(.)k 1792(In)s 2048(this)s 2444(case,)s 2962(typi\207ed)s 3751(by)s 220 fnt2 4045 11304(x)m 240 fnt1 4213 11307(with)m 4695(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 480 10806(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn1{@OneCol ,} pn2)m 240 fnt1 0 10310(and)m 220 fnt2 404 10307(y)m 240 fnt1 572 10310(with)m 1054(v)s 6(alue)k 220 fnt2 480 9811(label &0.03fu {}{@OneCol ,} pn2)m 240 fnt1 0 9315(it)m 190(is)s 398(clear)s 918(that)s 220 fnt2 1334 9312(y)m 240 fnt1 1500 9315(of)m 6(fers)k 2098(nothing)s 2881(ne)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 3363(the)s 3709(discriminant)s 4961(is)s 5168(empty)s 15(,)k 5856(and)s 6257(the)s 6603(result,)s 7238(quite)s 7769(correctly)s 15(,)k 8707(is)s 220 fnt2 8914 9312(x)m 240 fnt1 9022 9315(.)m 0 9027(This)m 476(completes)s 1496(the)s 1844(proof.)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 105 111 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Times-Italic /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt8 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt8 { /Times-Italicfnt8 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -14865 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13448 0 13448 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12397(A)m 12(ppendix)k 2097(A.)s 2784(Implementation)s 6168(of)s 6713(T)s 44(extur)k 8(es)k [ /Dest /LOUTtex /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 11711(The)m 430(follo)s 6(wing)k 1409(notes)s 1967(detail)s 2554(ho)s 6(w)k 3018(PostScript)s 4062(patterns)s 4871(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5374(been)s 5885(used)s 6385(to)s 6626(produce)s 7455(te)s 3(xtures.)k 8374(See)s 8778(the)s 0 11423(PostScript)m 1042(Language)s 2042(Reference)s 3066(Manual,)s 3904(second)s 4627(edition)s 5348(\(PLRM\),)s 6265(especially)s 7274(Section)s 8048(4.9.)s 480 11049(PostScript)m 1525(patterns)s 2336(are)s 2686(implemented)s 3996(as)s 4250(color)s 4804(spaces,)s 5539(whereas)s 6376(from)s 6904(a)s 7074(logical)s 7782(point)s 8338(of)s 8613(vie)s 6(w)k 0 10761(the)m 3(y)k 462(are)s 807(really)s 1402(separate)s 2239(entities)s 2977(in)s 3218(the)s 3564(graphics)s 4424(state,)s 4966(independent)s 6194(of)s 6463(color)s 7013(\(e)s 3(xcept)k 7771(that)s 8187(a)s 8351(colored)s 0 10473(te)m 3(xture)k 716(o)s 3(v)k 3(errides)k 1650(an)s 3(y)k 2047(current)s 2783(color)s 3334(while)s 3921(it)s 4113(is)s 4323(in)s 4566(ef)s 6(fect\).)k 5345(T)s 19(o)k 5645(ensure)s 6325(that)s 6743(Lout')s 13(s)k 220 fnt2 7405 10470(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 8722 10473(and)m 220 fnt2 0 10182(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 1260 10185(symbols)m 2112(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2616(this)s 3015(desired)s 3766(independence)s 5141(of)s 5415(each)s 5913(other)s 9(,)k 6505(the)s 6856(follo)s 6(wing)k 7836(operators)s 8779(are)s 0 9897(de\207ned)m 763(in)s 1006(the)s 1354(Lout)s 1866(prologue:)s 5090 12 0 12 240 288 60 1063 9281 LoutGr2 LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 240 fnt8 2550 9385(Lout-de\207ned)m 3826(oper)s 3(ator)k gsave 6153 9281 translate 240 fnt1 1850 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 6297(What)s 6866(it)s 7062(r)s 8(eplaces)k 220 fnt2 2623 9092(n)m 2(um)k 3322(LoutSetGr)s 2(a)k 6(y)k 5522(-)s 240 fnt1 6297 9095(setgray)m 220 fnt2 1679 8804(n)m 2(um)k 2151(n)s 2(um)k 2623(n)s 2(um)k 3322(LoutSetRGBColor)s 5522(-)s 240 fnt1 6297 8807(setr)m 4(gbcolor)k 220 fnt2 1679 8516(n)m 2(um)k 2151(n)s 2(um)k 2623(n)s 2(um)k 3322(LoutSetHSBColor)s 5522(-)s 240 fnt1 6297 8519(sethsbcolor)m 220 fnt2 1207 8228(n)m 2(um)k 1679(n)s 2(um)k 2151(n)s 2(um)k 2623(n)s 2(um)k 3322(LoutSetCMYKColor)s 5522(-)s 240 fnt1 6297 8231(setcmykcolor)m 2115 12 0 12 240 288 60 1063 7865 LoutGr2 LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 220 fnt2 2920 7940(p)m gsave 3178 7865 translate 240 fnt1 2200 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 3322(LoutSetT)s 26(e)k 6(xture)k gsave 5378 7865 translate 240 fnt1 775 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 5522(-)s gsave 6153 7865 translate 240 fnt1 1850 12 0 12 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore grestore 240 fnt1 6297 7943(setpattern)m 0 7426(These)m 619(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1111(similar)s 1825(signatures)s 2836(to)s 3066(the)s 3406(corresponding)s 4819(PostScript)s 5852(operators)s 6784(sho)s 6(wn,)k 7502(and)s 7897(the)s 8237(idea)s 8686(is)s 8887(to)s 0 7138(use)m 375(the)s 724(Lout-de\207ned)s 2019(v)s 3(ersions)k 2865(where)s 3506(you)s 3922(w)s 2(ould)k 4578(normally)s 5495(use)s 5871(the)s 6220(PostScript)s 7263(ones.)s 7807(The)s 8236(\207rst)s 8668(four)s 0 6850(set)m 336(the)s 695(color)s 1257(without)s 2059(disturbing)s 3094(an)s 3(y)k 3502(current)s 4249(te)s 3(xture;)k 5032(the)s 5391(last)s 5794(sets)s 6214(the)s 6573(te)s 3(xture)k 7300(without)s 8103(disturbing)s 0 6562(an)m 3(y)k 386(current)s 1110(color)s 13(.)k 1740(Here)s 220 fnt2 2248 6559(p)m 240 fnt1 2411 6562(may)m 2865(be)s 3135(the)s 3471(PostScript)s 220 fnt2 4502 6559(n)m 2(ull)k 240 fnt1 4874 6562(object,)m 5553(meaning)s 6418(no)s 6700(te)s 3(xture)k 7404(i.e.)s 7728(normal)s 8448(\207lling,)s 0 6274(or)m 259(else)s 686(it)s 878(must)s 1403(be)s 1685(an)s 1968(instantiated)s 3127(pattern)s 3847(dictionary)s 15(,)k 4908(as)s 5158(returned)s 6012(by)s 220 fnt2 6306 6271(mak)m 4(epatter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 7513 6274(.)m 480 5900(There)m 1093(are)s 1440(three)s 1973(k)s 2(e)k 3(y)k 2368(data)s 2826(types)s 3382(used)s 3879(by)s 4173(this)s 4569(code:)s 0 5397(\213)m 480(A)s 761(colorspace,)s 1941(denoted)s 220 fnt2 2809 5394(cs)m 240 fnt1 3022 5397(,)m 3180(is)s 3441(a)s 3659(PostScript)s 4752(colorspace)s 5881(array)s 6477(and)s 6932(may)s 7449(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8002(one)s 8455(of)s 8778(the)s 480 5109(follo)m 6(wing)k 1457(v)s 6(alues:)k 220 fnt2 1104 4592([ /De)m 6(viceGr)k 2(a)k 6(y ])k 240 fnt1 3059 4595(The)m 3487(gre)s 3(yscale)k 4442(colorspace)s 220 fnt2 1104 4248([ /De)m 6(viceRGB ])k 240 fnt1 3059 4251(The)m 3487(RGB)s 4023(colorspace)s 220 fnt2 1104 3904([ /De)m 6(viceCMYK ])k 240 fnt1 3059 3907(The)m 3487(CMYK)s 4266(colorspace)s 220 fnt2 1104 3560([ /P)m 8(atter)k -5(n ])k 240 fnt1 3059 3563(A)m 3289(colored)s 4064(pattern)s 220 fnt2 1104 3216([ /P)m 8(atter)k -5(n /name ])k 240 fnt1 3059 3219(An)m 3496(uncolored)s 4598(pattern;)s 220 fnt2 5460 3216(/name)m 240 fnt1 6209 3219(may)m 6762(be)s 220 fnt2 7131 3216(/De)m 6(viceGr)k 2(a)k 6(y)k 240 fnt1 8322 3219(,)m 220 fnt2 8517 3216(/De-)m 3059 2928(viceRGB)m 240 fnt1 3916 2931(,)m 4023(or)s 220 fnt2 4282 2928(/De)m 6(viceCMYK)k [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 2447(\213)m 480(A)s 708(color)s 9(,)k 1294(denoted)s 2107(c,)s 2318(is)s 2525(an)s 2805(array)s 3346(containing)s 4407(a)s 4570(PostScript)s 5609(non-pattern)s 6765(color)s 7314(and)s 7715(thus)s 8162(may)s 8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 480 2159(one)m 882(of)s 1153(the)s 1501(follo)s 6(wing)k 2478(v)s 6(alues:)k 220 fnt2 1104 1642([ g)m 2(re)k 4(y ])k 240 fnt1 3031 1645(A)m 220 fnt2 3261 1642(/De)m 6(viceGr)k 2(a)k 6(y)k 240 fnt1 4512 1645(color)m 220 fnt2 1104 1298([ red g)m 2(reen b)k 4(lue ])k 240 fnt1 3031 1301(A)m 220 fnt2 3261 1298(/De)m 6(viceRGB)k 240 fnt1 4513 1301(color)m 220 fnt2 1104 954([ c m y k ])m 240 fnt1 3031 957(A)m 220 fnt2 3261 954(/De)m 6(viceCMYK)k 240 fnt1 4679 957(color)m 480 440(W)m 19(e)k 853(enclose)s 1630(colors)s 2269(in)s 2516(an)s 2804(array)s 3352(to)s 3595(mak)s 2(e)k 4171(it)s 4368(easy)s 4851(for)s 5193(us)s 5461(to)s 5704(deal)s 6162(with)s 6648(their)s 7149(v)s 6(arying)k 7931(length.)s 8698(The)s 480 152(array)m 1024(has)s 1394(to)s 1633(be)s 1915(unpack)s 2(ed)k 2889(with)s 220 fnt2 3371 149(aload)m 240 fnt1 3955 152(before)m 4621(calling)s 220 fnt2 5324 149(setcolor)m 240 fnt1 6092 152(.)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_2 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave 1417 -14865 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5808 -15421(105)m grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 106 112 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Courier /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Courier /Courierfnt9 vec2 /Courier LoutRecode /fnt9 { /Courierfnt9 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(106)m 240 fnt6 6599 -1580(Appendix)m 7563(A.)s 7863(Implementation)s 9418(of)s 9699(T)s 22(e)k 4(xtur)k 8(es)k gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(\213)m 480(A)s 744(pattern,)s 1549(denoted)s 220 fnt2 2400 13202(p)m 240 fnt1 2514 13205(.)m 2712(F)s 3(or)k 3136(us,)s 3491(a)s 3691(pattern)s 4446(is)s 4691(either)s 5328(the)s 5711(PostScript)s 6788(null)s 7249(object,)s 7975(meaning)s 8887(to)s 480 12917(\207ll)m 824(with)s 1331(solid)s 1879(color)s 9(,)k 2492(or)s 2776(else)s 3228(it)s 3444(is)s 3679(a)s 3870(dictionary)s 4917(as)s 5192(returned)s 6071(by)s 220 fnt2 6389 12914(mak)m 4(epatter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 7596 12917(.)m 7785(When)s 8439(such)s 8960(a)s 480 12629(dictionary)m 1505(is)s 1718(installed)s 2588(in)s 2834(the)s 3185(current)s 3924(graphics)s 4788(state,)s 5334(this)s 5733(code)s 6244(guarantees)s 7320(that)s 7741(it)s 7936(will)s 8365(contain)s 480 12341(tw)m 2(o)k 890(e)s 3(xtra)k 1424(entries:)s 220 fnt2 1104 11873(/Under)m -3(lyingColorSpace)k 240 fnt1 3640 11876(A)m 220 fnt2 3870 11873(cs)m 240 fnt1 4143 11876(as)m 4393(de\207ned)s 5156(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 220 fnt2 1104 11529(/Under)m -3(lyingColor)k 240 fnt1 3640 11532(A)m 220 fnt2 3870 11529(c)m 240 fnt1 4035 11532(as)m 4285(de\207ned)s 5048(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 480 11015(W)m 19(e)k 849(need)s 1358(these)s 1905(e)s 3(xtra)k 2438(entries)s 3124(to)s 3363(mak)s 2(e)k 3934(color)s 4484(independent)s 5714(of)s 5984(te)s 3(xture:)k 6809(without)s 7600(them)s 8137(we)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 480 10727(lose)m 943(the)s 1314(current)s 2072(color)s 2646(when)s 3244(we)s 3602(set)s 3949(a)s 4138(te)s 3(xture.)k 4984(Because)s 5860(of)s 6153(these)s 6723(v)s 6(ariables)k 7652(we)s 8010(can')s 4(t)k 8566(share)s 480 10439(pattern)m 1200(dictionaries)s 2365(among)s 3070(graphics)s 3931(states.)s 4625(W)s 19(e)k 4994(must)s 5519(cop)s 2(y)k 6037(them.)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 9936(This)m 476(representation)s 1886(obe)s 3(ys)k 2493(the)s 2841(follo)s 6(wing)k 3818(in)s 9(v)k 6(ariant:)k 0 9433(\213)m 480(All)s 853(components)s 2075(of)s 2360(the)s 2721(PostScript)s 3777(graphics)s 4652(state)s 5158(related)s 5879(to)s 6132(pattern)s 6865(and)s 7283(color)s 7848(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 8363(de\207ned)s 480 9145(v)m 6(alues)k 1136(\(e.g.)s 1605(there)s 2138(is)s 2348(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 2930(a)s 3096(situation)s 3976(where)s 4616(we)s 4951(set)s 5276(color)s 5827(space)s 6414(b)s 4(ut)k 6776(not)s 7142(color\).)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 8642(\213)m 480(If)s 709(the)s 1056(PostScript)s 2097(graphics)s 2956(state)s 3448(contains)s 4295(a)s 220 fnt2 4460 8639(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 5269 8642(colorspace,)m 6397(the)s 6744(pattern)s 7463(dictionary)s 8484(stored)s 480 8354(in)m 723(the)s 1071(state)s 1564(has)s 220 fnt2 1934 8351(/Under)m -3(lyingColorSpace)k 240 fnt1 4242 8354(and)m 220 fnt2 4646 8351(/Under)m -3(lyingColor)k 240 fnt1 6340 8354(entries)m 7027(of)s 7298(types)s 220 fnt2 7854 8351(cs)m 240 fnt1 8127 8354(and)m 220 fnt2 8531 8351(c)m 240 fnt1 8636 8354(.)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 7851(\213)m 480(If)s 732(the)s 1103(graphics)s 1986(state)s 2502(contains)s 3372(an)s 3678(uncolored)s 220 fnt2 4715 7848(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 5549 7851(colorspace,)m 6700(then)s 7192(the)s 220 fnt2 7563 7848(/Under)m -3(lyingCol-)k 480 7560(orSpace)m 240 fnt1 1338 7563(and)m 220 fnt2 1730 7560(/Under)m -3(lyingColor)k 240 fnt1 3413 7563(entries)m 4088(of)s 4347(the)s 4684(pattern)s 5392(dictionary)s 6404(stored)s 7034(in)s 7265(the)s 7602(state)s 8083(agree)s 8644(with)s 480 7275(the)m 828(underlying)s 1918(color)s 2469(space)s 3056(and)s 3460(color)s 4011(stored)s 4653(in)s 4896(the)s 5244(graphics)s 6105(state.)s [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_6 /DEST pdfmark 0 6772(And)m 471(it)s 663(has)s 1033(the)s 1381(follo)s 6(wing)k 2358(abstraction)s 3463(function:)s 0 6269(\213)m 480(If)s 725(the)s 1089(graphics)s 1965(state)s 2474(colorspace)s 3568(is)s 220 fnt2 3793 6266(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 4544 6269(,)m 4667(then)s 5152(the)s 5515(abstract)s 6333(current)s 7085(te)s 3(xture)k 7816(is)s 8042(the)s 8406(pattern)s 480 5981(dictionary)m 1500(stored)s 2138(in)s 2378(the)s 2722(graphics)s 3580(state)s 4069(color)s 13(.)k 4707(If)s 4934(the)s 5278(graphics)s 6136(state)s 6625(colorspace)s 7700(is)s 7906(not)s 220 fnt2 8268 5978(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 9019 5981(,)m 480 5693(then)m 949(the)s 1297(abstract)s 2099(current)s 2835(te)s 3(xture)k 3551(is)s 220 fnt2 3761 5690(n)m 2(ull)k 240 fnt1 4085 5693(.)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_7 /DEST pdfmark 0 5236(\213)m 480(If)s 725(the)s 1089(graphics)s 1966(state)s 2475(colorspace)s 3568(is)s 220 fnt2 3794 5233(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 4545 5236(,)m 4668(then)s 5153(the)s 5517(abstract)s 6334(colorspace)s 7428(and)s 7848(color)s 8415(are)s 8778(the)s 480 4948(v)m 6(alues)k 1145(of)s 220 fnt2 1425 4945(/Under)m -3(lyingColorSpace)k 240 fnt1 3743 4948(and)m 220 fnt2 4156 4945(/Under)m -3(lyingColor)k 240 fnt1 5860 4948(in)m 6112(the)s 6469(pattern)s 7199(dictionary)s 8231(stored)s 8883(in)s 480 4660(the)m 849(graphics)s 1731(state)s 2246(color)s 13(.)k 2849(If)s 3100(the)s 3470(graphics)s 4352(state)s 4866(colorspace)s 5966(is)s 6197(not)s 220 fnt2 6584 4657(/P)m 8(atter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 7335 4660(,)m 7464(then)s 7954(the)s 8324(abstract)s 480 4372(current)m 1216(colorspace)s 2294(and)s 2698(color)s 3249(are)s 3596(as)s 3846(returned)s 4700(by)s 220 fnt2 4994 4369(currentcolorspace)m 240 fnt1 6790 4372(and)m 220 fnt2 7194 4369([ currentcolor ])m 240 fnt1 8583 4372(.)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 3869(The)m 428(follo)s 6(wing)k 1405(functions)s 2346(are)s 2693(pri)s 6(v)k 6(ate)k 3400(helpers)s 4141(for)s 4479(the)s 4827(public)s 5478(functions:)s 220 fnt9 480 3392(% Current pattern \(may be null\): - LoutCurrentP p)m 480 3144(/LoutCurrentP)m 480 2896({ %% -)m 480 2648( currentcolorspace %% [ /name etc ])m 480 2400( 0 get /Pattern eq %% bool)m 480 2152( { %% - \(have pattern\))m 480 1904( [ currentcolor ] %% [ comp0 ... compn p ])m 480 1656( dup length 1 sub get %% p)m 480 1408( })m 480 1160( { %% - \(no pattern\))m 480 912( null %% null)m 480 664( } ifelse %% p)m 480 416(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_9 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 107 113 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Courier %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Courier /Courierfnt9 vec2 /Courier LoutRecode /fnt9 { /Courierfnt9 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 10128 -1581(107)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13414 0 13323 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt9 480 13277(% Current color and color space: - LoutCurrentCCS c cs)m 480 13029(/LoutCurrentCCS)m 480 12781({)m 480 12533( LoutCurrentP dup null eq %% p bool)m 480 12285( { %% null)m 480 12037( pop [ currentcolor ] %% c)m 480 11789( currentcolorspace %% c cs)m 480 11541( })m 480 11293( { %% p)m 480 11045( dup %% p p)m 480 10797( /UnderlyingColor get exch %% c p)m 480 10549( /UnderlyingColorSpace get %% c cs)m 480 10301( } ifelse %% c cs)m 480 10053(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_10 /DEST pdfmark 480 9604(% Make c, cs, and p current: c cs p LoutSetCCSP -)m 480 9356(/LoutSetCCSP)m 480 9108({ %% c cs p)m 480 8860( dup null eq %% c cs p bool)m 480 8612( { %% c cs p \(null pattern\))m 480 8364( pop setcolorspace %% c)m 480 8116( aload pop setcolor %% -)m 480 7868( })m 480 7620( { %% c cs p \(non-null pattern\))m 480 7372( % copy pattern dictionary)m 480 7124( 12 dict copy %% c cs p)m 480 6628( % record cs and c in p)m 480 6380( dup /UnderlyingColorSpace %% c cs p p /UCS)m 480 6132( 3 index put %% c cs p)m 480 5884( dup /UnderlyingColor %% c cs p p /UC)m 480 5636( 4 index put %% c cs p)m 480 5140( % do setcolorspace and setcolor)m 480 4892( dup /PaintType get 1 eq %% c cs p bool)m 480 4644( { %% c cs p \(colored pattern\))m 480 4396( [/Pattern] setcolorspace %% c cs p)m 480 4148( setcolor %% c cs)m 480 3900( pop pop %% -)m 480 3652( })m 480 3404( { %% c cs p \(uncolored pattern\))m 480 3156( [ /Pattern %% c cs p [ /Pattern)m 480 2908( 4 -1 roll %% c p [ /Pattern cs)m 480 2660( ] setcolorspace %% c p)m 480 2412( exch aload length 1 add %% p comp1 ... compm m+1)m 480 2164( -1 roll %% comp1 ... compm p)m 480 1916( setcolor %% -)m 480 1668( } ifelse %% -)m 480 1420( } ifelse %% -)m 480 1172(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_11 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 697(W)m 9(ith)k 536(the)s 894(helper)s 1561(functions)s 2513(it')s 13(s)k 2865(no)s 6(w)k 3336(easy)s 3825(to)s 4075(deri)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4729(the)s 5087(colour)s 5768(and)s 6183(te)s 3(xture)k 6909(setting)s 7609(commands)s 8708(that)s 0 409(we)m 346(are)s 705(of)s 6(fering)k 1533(to)s 1784(our)s 2175(end)s 2591(users.)s 3197(When)s 3838(setting)s 4540(the)s 4900(color)s 5463(we)s 5810(pass)s 6284(it,)s 6535(plus)s 6997(the)s 7357(current)s 8105(pattern,)s 8887(to)s 220 fnt2 0 118(LoutSetCCSP)m 240 fnt1 1355 121(;)m 1459(when)s 2027(setting)s 2709(the)s 3049(pattern)s 3761(we)s 4088(pass)s 4542(it,)s 4773(plus)s 5215(the)s 5555(current)s 6283(color)s 9(,)k 6864(to)s 220 fnt2 7095 118(LoutSetCCSP)m 240 fnt1 8450 121(.)m 8605(Note)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 108 114 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Courier /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Courier /Courierfnt9 vec2 /Courier LoutRecode /fnt9 { /Courierfnt9 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(108)m 240 fnt6 6599 -1580(Appendix)m 7563(A.)s 7863(Implementation)s 9418(of)s 9699(T)s 22(e)k 4(xtur)k 8(es)k gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13368 0 13259 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13205(that)m 418(there)s 951(is)s 1161(no)s 220 fnt2 1454 13202(/De)m 6(viceHSB)k 240 fnt1 2621 13205(:)m 220 fnt2 2727 13202(hsb)m 240 fnt1 3133 13205(is)m 3343(a)s 3509(v)s 6(ariant)k 4226(of)s 220 fnt2 4497 13202(rgb)m 240 fnt1 4806 13205(.)m 220 fnt9 480 12731(% num LoutSetGray -)m 480 12483(/LoutSetGray)m 480 12235({)m 480 11987( [ 2 1 roll ] %% c)m 480 11739( [ /DeviceGray ] %% c cs)m 480 11491( LoutCurrentP %% c cs p)m 480 11243( LoutSetCCSP %% -)m 480 10995(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_12 /DEST pdfmark 480 10546(% r g b LoutSetRGBColor -)m 480 10298(/LoutSetRGBColor)m 480 10050({ %% r g b)m 480 9802( [ 4 1 roll ] %% c)m 480 9554( [ /DeviceRGB ] %% c cs)m 480 9306( LoutCurrentP %% c cs p)m 480 9058( LoutSetCCSP %% -)m 480 8810(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_13 /DEST pdfmark 480 8361(% h s b LoutSetHSBColor -)m 480 8113(/LoutSetHSBColor)m 480 7865({ %% h s b)m 480 7617( gsave sethsbcolor %% -)m 480 7369( currentrgbcolor grestore %% r g b)m 480 7121( LoutSetRGBColor %% -)m 480 6873(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_14 /DEST pdfmark 480 6424(% c m y k LoutSetRGBColor -)m 480 6176(/LoutSetCMYKColor)m 480 5928({)m 480 5680( [ 5 1 roll ] %% c)m 480 5432( [ /DeviceCMYK ] %% c cs)m 480 5184( LoutCurrentP %% c cs p)m 480 4936( LoutSetCCSP %% -)m 480 4688(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_15 /DEST pdfmark 480 4241(% p LoutSetTexture -)m 480 3993(/LoutSetTexture)m 480 3745({)m 480 3497( LoutCurrentCCS %% p c cs)m 480 3249( 3 -1 roll %% c cs p)m 480 3001( LoutSetCCSP %% -)m 480 2753(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_16 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 2278(All)m 369(we)s 713(need)s 1232(no)s 6(w)k 1702(is)s 1921(some)s 2491(sample)s 3233(te)s 3(xtures.)k 4159(T)s 16(e)k 3(xtures)k 5036(are)s 5392(just)s 5806(pattern)s 6535(dictionaries)s 7709(as)s 7968(returned)s 8832(by)s 220 fnt2 0 1987(mak)m 4(epatter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 1207 1990(.)m 1374(Here)s 1898(is)s 2111(a)s 2281(PostScript)s 3327(function)s 4184(that)s 4606(appears)s 5390(in)s 5637(the)s 5989(Lout)s 6504(prologue.)s 7523(Its)s 7815(function)s 8673(is)s 8887(to)s 0 1702(simplify)m 861(the)s 1220(production)s 2325(of)s 2607(te)s 3(xtures.)k 3535(It)s 3751(\207rst)s 4193(tak)s 2(es)k 4744(six)s 5089(parameters)s 6198(to)s 6448(specify)s 7203(a)s 7380(transformation)s 8855(of)s 0 1414(the)m 354(te)s 3(xture)k 1077(used)s 1581(to)s 1827(b)s 4(uild)k 2380(the)s 2735(matrix)s 3420(tak)s 2(en)k 4000(by)s 220 fnt2 4300 1411(mak)m 4(epatter)k -5(n)k 240 fnt1 5507 1414(,)m 5621(then)s 6097(\207v)s 3(e)k 6516(parameters)s 7621(that)s 8046(go)s 8346(into)s 8778(the)s 0 1126(pattern)m 720(dictionary)s 15(.)k grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 109 115 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Courier %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Courier /Courierfnt9 vec2 /Courier LoutRecode /fnt9 { /Courierfnt9 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 10129 -1581(109)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13414 0 13317 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt9 480 13271(% )m 480 13023(% LoutMakeTexture p)m 480 12775(/LoutMakeTexture)m 480 12527({ %% s sx sy r h v pt bb xs ys pp)m 480 12279( 12 dict begin %% s sx sy r h v pt bb xs ys pp)m 480 12031( /PaintProc exch def %% s sx sy r h v pt bb xs ys)m 480 11783( /YStep exch def %% s sx sy r h v pt bb xs)m 480 11535( /XStep exch def %% s sx sy r h v pt bb)m 480 11287( /BBox exch def %% s sx sy r h v pt)m 480 11039( /PaintType exch def %% s sx sy r h v)m 480 10791( /PatternType 1 def %% s sx sy r h v)m 480 10543( /TilingType 1 def %% s sx sy r h v)m 480 10295( currentdict end %% s sx sy r h v p)m 480 10047( 7 1 roll %% p s sx sy r h v)m 480 9799( matrix translate %% p s sx sy r mat1)m 480 9551( 5 1 roll %% p mat1 s sx sy r)m 480 9303( matrix rotate %% p mat1 s sx sy mat2)m 480 9055( 4 1 roll %% p mat1 mat2 s sx sy)m 480 8807( matrix scale %% p mat1 mat2 s mat3)m 480 8559( exch dup matrix scale %% p mat1 mat2 mat3 mat4)m 480 8311( matrix concatmatrix %% p mat1 mat2 mat34)m 480 8063( matrix concatmatrix %% p mat1 mat234)m 480 7815( matrix concatmatrix %% p mat1234)m 480 7567( /makepattern where)m 480 7319( { %% p mat123 dict)m 480 7071( pop makepattern %% p)m 480 6823( })m 480 6575( { %% p mat123)m 480 6327( pop pop null %% null)m 480 6079( } ifelse %% p \(may be null\))m 480 5831(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_17 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 5356(F)m 3(or)k 384(e)s 3(xamples)k 1330(of)s 1596(te)s 3(xtures)k 2395(using)s 220 fnt2 2962 5353(LoutMak)m 4(eT)k 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 4626 5356(,)m 4727(consult)s 5473(the)s 5816(standard)s 6679(include)s 7434(\207le)s 220 fnt2 7790 5353(colte)m 6(x)k 240 fnt1 8355 5356(.)m 8513(There)s 0 5068(is)m 210(only)s 690(one)s 1092(b)s 4(uilt-in)k 1848(te)s 3(xture,)k 220 fnt2 2615 5065(LoutT)m 26(e)k 6(xtureSolid)k 240 fnt1 4228 5068(:)m 220 fnt9 480 4585(/LoutTextureSolid)m 480 4337({)m 480 4089( null)m 480 3841( LoutSetTexture)m 480 3593(} def)m [ /Dest /LOUT16_1794_tex_18 /DEST pdfmark grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 110 116 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -14865 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13448 0 13448 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12397(Refer)m 8(ences)k [ /Dest /LOUT20_547_all_1 /DEST pdfmark [ /Dest /LOUTadobe1990ps /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 11800([1])m 480(Adobe)s 1182(Systems,)s 2094(Inc..)s 240 fnt6 2631 11802(P)m 19(ostScript)k 3680(Langua)s 2(g)k 2(e)k 4696(Refer)s 8(ence)k 5704(Manual,)s 6550(Second)s 7316(Edition)s 240 fnt1 8014 11800(.)m 8186(Addison-)s 480 11512(W)m 19(esle)k 3(y)k 1169(,)s 1276(1990)s 1751(.)s [ /Dest /LOUTadobe1996epsforms /DEST pdfmark 0 11007([2])m 480(Adobe)s 1167(Systems,)s 2063(Inc..)s 2584(Using)s 3201(EPS)s 3650(\207les)s 4091(in)s 4326(PostScript)s 5360(Language)s 6352(F)s 3(orms)k 6951(.)s 7107(T)s 16(echnical)k 8080(Note)s 8592(5144)s 480 10719(\(1996\))m 1107(.)s [ /Dest /LOUTkernighan1975eqn /DEST pdfmark 0 10226([3])m 480(Brian)s 1132(W)s 22(.)k 1504(K)s 6(ernighan)k 2630(and)s 3098(Lorinda)s 3980(L.)s 4294(Cherry)s 15(.)k 5172(A)s 5466(system)s 6255(for)s 6657(typesetting)s 7824(mathematics)s 9022(.)s 240 fnt6 480 9940(Communications)m 2158(of)s 2439(the)s 2784(A)s 7(CM)k 240 fnt5 3351 9937(18)m 240 fnt1 3585 9938(,)m 3692(182\211193)s 4576(\(1975\))s 5203(.)s [ /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_program /DEST pdfmark 0 9437([4])m 480(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 1177(H.)s 1443(Kingston.)s 240 fnt6 2475 9439(The)m 2876(Basser)s 3581(Lout)s 4074(Document)s 5111(F)s 25(ormatting)k 6219(System)s 6929(\(V)s 26(er)k 2(sion)k 7767(3\))s 240 fnt1 7956 9437(.)m 8109(Computer)s 480 9149(program)m 1290(,)s 1408(1995)s 1874(.)s 2050(Publicly)s 2913(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 3833(in)s 4088(the)s 240 fnt6 4448 9151(jef)m 4(f)k 240 fnt1 4855 9149(subdirectory)m 6116(of)s 6399(the)s 6759(home)s 7359(directory)s 8287(of)s 240 fnt6 8570 9151(ftp)m 240 fnt1 8887 9149(to)m 480 8861(host)m 240 fnt6 950 8863(ftp.cs.su.oz.au)m 240 fnt1 2373 8861(with)m 2866(login)s 3427(name)s 240 fnt6 4012 8863(anonymous)m 240 fnt1 5171 8861(or)m 240 fnt6 5442 8863(ftp)m 240 fnt1 5758 8861(and)m 6174(an)s 3(y)k 6582(non-empty)s 7685(passw)s 2(ord)k 8657(\(e.g.)s 240 fnt6 480 8575(none)m 240 fnt1 939 8573(\).)m 1175(Lout)s 1680(distrib)s 4(utions)k 2914(are)s 3254(also)s 3685(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 4585(from)s 5102(the)s 240 fnt6 5443 8575(comp.sour)m 8(ces.misc)k 240 fnt1 7291 8573(ne)m 6(wsgroup,)k 8436(and)s 8832(by)s 480 8285(electronic)m 1474(mail)s 1953(from)s 2477(the)s 2825(author)s 13(.)k 3587(All)s 3947(enquiries)s 4874(to)s 240 fnt6 5113 8287(jef)m 4(f@cs.su.oz.au)k 240 fnt1 6672 8285(.)m [ /Dest /LOUTkingston1995lout_user /DEST pdfmark 0 7780([5])m 480(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 1187(H.)s 1463(Kingston.)s 240 fnt6 2504 7782(A)m 2698(User')s 9(s)k 3380(Guide)s 4017(to)s 4255(the)s 4599(Lout)s 5101(Document)s 6148(F)s 25(ormatting)k 7266(System)s 7985(\(V)s 26(er)k 2(sion)k 8833(3\))s 240 fnt1 9022 7780(.)m 480 7492(Basser)m 1177(Department)s 2365(of)s 2636(Computer)s 3653(Science)s 4392(,)s 4499(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5553(of)s 5824(Sydne)s 3(y)k 6534(,)s 6641(1995)s 7107(.)s [ /Dest /LOUTknuth1984tex /DEST pdfmark 0 6987([6])m 480(Donald)s 1243(E.)s 1493(Knuth.)s 240 fnt6 2256 6989(The)m 2668(T)s 2764 6941(E)m 2872 6989(X)m 3028(Book)s 240 fnt1 3524 6987(.)m 3688(Addison-W)s 19(esle)k 3(y)k 5268(,)s 5375(1984)s 5849(.)s [ /Dest /LOUTreid1980scribe /DEST pdfmark 0 6482([7])m 480(Brian)s 1048(K.)s 1305(Reid.)s 1900(A)s 2110(High-)s 2657(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 3227(Approach)s 4207(to)s 4426(Computer)s 5423(Document)s 6459(Production)s 7506(.)s 7650(In)s 240 fnt6 7885 6484(Pr)m 10(oceedings)k 480 6196(of)m 745(the)s 1073(7th)s 1417(Symposium)s 2548(on)s 2825(the)s 3153(Principles)s 4174(of)s 4438(Pr)s 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(amming)k 5804(Langua)s 2(g)k 2(es)k 6891(\(POPL\),)s 7723(Las)s 8107(V)s 26(e)k 9(gas)k 8695(NV)s 240 fnt1 9019 6194(,)m 480 5906(pages)m 1076(24\21131)s 1651(,)s 1758(1980)s 2233(.)s [ /Dest /LOUTstrunk1979style /DEST pdfmark 0 5401([8])m 480(W)s 9(illiam)k 1313(Strunk)s 2012(and)s 2416(E.)s 2666(B.)s 2930(White.)s 240 fnt6 3678 5403(The)m 4090(Elements)s 5021(of)s 5302(Style)s 240 fnt1 5759 5401(.)m 5923(Macmillan)s 6955(.)s 7119(Third)s 7708(Edition)s 8409(,)s 8516(1979)s 8987(.)s grestore gsave 1417 -14865 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5808 -15421(110)m grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 111 117 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Times-Italic /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate gsave 1417 -14867 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 9066 13450 0 13450 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 480 fnt5 0 12406(Index)m [ /Dest /LOUT20_604_all_1 /DEST pdfmark 220 fnt2 0 11809(adjust)m 641(@Break)s 240 fnt1 1444 11812(,)m [ /Rect [1551 11812 1785 11974] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_1 /ANN pdfmark 1551(44)s 0 11524(Adjustment)m 1176(of)s 1447(object)s 2038(,)s [ /Rect [2145 11521 2371 11689] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_4 /ANN pdfmark 2145(55)s 0 11236(Adobe)m 695(Systems,)s 1599(Inc.)s 1955(,)s [ /Rect [2062 11233 2286 11398] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_8 /ANN pdfmark 2062(43)s 0 10948(Alignment)m 240 fnt6 1083 10950(see)m 240 fnt1 1441 10948(mark)m 1993(alignment)s 0 10660(Associati)m 6(vity)k 1256(,)s [ /Rect [1363 10657 1587 10822] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_prec_2 /ANN pdfmark 1363(23)s 220 fnt2 0 10081(@Bac)m 4(kEnd)k 240 fnt1 1145 10084(symbol)m 1852(,)s [ /Rect [1959 10083 2187 10242] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_bend_1 /ANN pdfmark 1959(77)s 220 fnt2 0 9793(@Bac)m 4(kg)k 2(round)k 240 fnt1 1436 9796(symbol)m 2143(,)s [ /Rect [2250 9791 2481 9961] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_back_1 /ANN pdfmark 2250(59)s 220 fnt2 0 9505(@Begin)m 240 fnt1 829 9508(symbol)m 1536(,)s [ /Rect [1643 9505 1871 9670] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_begi_1 /ANN pdfmark 1643(37)s 220 fnt2 0 9217(@BeginHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 2692 9220(symbol)m 3399(,)s [ /Rect [3506 9217 3739 9384] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_2 /ANN pdfmark 3506(66)s 0 8932(Bibliographies)m 1406(,)s [ /Rect [1513 8927 1741 9094] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_1 /ANN pdfmark 1513(97)s 0 8644(Body)m 574(of)s 845(a)s 1011(de\207nition)s 1932(,)s [ /Rect [2039 8644 2153 8806] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_3 /ANN pdfmark 2039(4)s 220 fnt2 0 8353(body)m 240 fnt1 534 8356(parameter)m 1495(,)s [ /Rect [1602 8353 1829 8518] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_3 /ANN pdfmark 1602(18)s 0 8068(Braces)m 648(,)s [ /Rect [755 8065 859 8230] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_6 /ANN pdfmark 755(3)s 220 fnt2 0 7777(b)m 240 fnt1 174 7780(unit)m 553(,)s [ /Rect [660 7777 887 7942] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_15 /ANN pdfmark 660(38)s 240 7492(use)m 615(in)s 220 fnt2 858 7489(//1.1b)m 240 fnt1 1406 7492(,)m [ /Rect [1513 7487 1744 7654] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_4 /ANN pdfmark 1513(29)s 220 fnt2 0 6913(@Case)m 240 fnt1 787 6916(symbol)m 1494(,)s [ /Rect [1601 6913 1825 7080] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_case_1 /ANN pdfmark 1601(63)s 0 6628(Centring)m 837(,)s [ /Rect [944 6625 1171 6790] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_31 /ANN pdfmark 944(38)s 220 fnt2 0 6337(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 1063 6340(e)m 3(xample)k 1873(,)s [ /Rect [1980 6335 2204 6502] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_4 /ANN pdfmark 1980(93)s 0 6052(Chapters)m 901(and)s 1305(sections)s 2073(,)s [ /Rect [2180 6047 2414 6214] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_1 /ANN pdfmark 2180(92)s 220 fnt2 0 5761(@Char)m 240 fnt1 758 5764(symbol)m 1465(,)s [ /Rect [1572 5764 1806 5926] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_10 /ANN pdfmark 1572(44)s 0 5476(Cherry)m 15(,)k 756(L.)s 953(,)s [ /Rect [1060 5473 1275 5638] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_3 /ANN pdfmark 1060(81)s 220 fnt2 0 5185(@ClearHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 2655 5188(symbol)m 3362(,)s [ /Rect [3469 5185 3697 5352] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_5 /ANN pdfmark 3469(67)s 220 fnt2 0 4897(clines)m 613(@Break)s 240 fnt1 1416 4900(,)m [ /Rect [1523 4900 1757 5062] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_8 /ANN pdfmark 1523(44)s 220 fnt2 0 4609(@ColList)m 240 fnt1 948 4612(e)m 3(xample)k 1758(,)s [ /Rect [1865 4607 2096 4774] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_5 /ANN pdfmark 1865(89)s 0 4324(Column)m 829(mark)s 1328(,)s [ /Rect [1435 4324 1530 4486] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_2 /ANN pdfmark 1435(1)s 0 4036(Comment)m 951(,)s [ /Rect [1058 4033 1291 4200] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_21 /ANN pdfmark 1058(16)s 0 3748(Comment)m 1004(character)s 1885(,)s [ /Rect [1992 3748 2226 3910] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_6 /ANN pdfmark 1992(14)s 220 fnt2 0 3457(@Common)m 240 fnt1 1159 3460(symbol)m 1866(,)s [ /Rect [1973 3457 2208 3624] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_1 /ANN pdfmark 1973(60)s 0 3172(Components)m 1262(of)s 1533(a)s 1699(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2280(,)s [ /Rect [2387 3171 2615 3334] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_3 /ANN pdfmark 2387(27)s 240 2884(promotion)m 1294(of)s 1512(,)s [ /Rect [1619 2881 1854 3046] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_8 /ANN pdfmark 1619(30)s 0 2596(Concatenation)m 1439(symbols)s 2235(,)s [ /Rect [2342 2593 2570 2758] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_1 /ANN pdfmark 2342(37)s 0 2308(Contraction)m 1186(of)s 1457(object)s 2048(,)s [ /Rect [2155 2305 2389 2473] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_3 /ANN pdfmark 2155(54)s 220 fnt2 0 2017(cr)m 2(agged)k 839(@Break)s 240 fnt1 1642 2020(,)m [ /Rect [1749 2020 1983 2182] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_4 /ANN pdfmark 1749(44)s 0 1732(Cross)m 596(reference)s 1486(,)s [ /Rect [1593 1729 1700 1894] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_1 /ANN pdfmark 1593(8)s 220 fnt2 0 1441(c)m 240 fnt1 165 1444(unit)m 544(,)s [ /Rect [651 1441 878 1606] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_8 /ANN pdfmark 651(38)s 220 fnt2 0 1153(@CurrLang)m 240 fnt1 1185 1156(symbol)m 1892(,)s [ /Rect [1999 1153 2233 1321] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_3 /ANN pdfmark 1999(52)s 220 fnt2 0 577(@Database)m 240 fnt1 1214 580(symbol)m 1921(,)s [ /Rect [2028 579 2243 742] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_1 /ANN pdfmark 2028(71)s 0 292(Date,)m 558(printing)s 1368(of)s 1639(current)s 2322(,)s [ /Rect [2429 289 2663 456] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_mome_2 /ANN pdfmark 2429(64)s 4816 11811(Def)m 2(ault)k 5590(v)s 6(alue)k 6158(of)s 6429(parameter)s 7390(,)s [ /Rect [7497 11810 7725 11973] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_3 /ANN pdfmark 7497(17)s 4816 11523(De\207nitions)m 5877(,)s [ /Rect [5984 11523 6098 11685] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_1 /ANN pdfmark 5984(4)s 4816 11235(Delimiter)m 5737(,)s [ /Rect [5844 11235 6078 11397] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_11 /ANN pdfmark 5844(14)s 4816 10947(Diag)m 5334(diagram-dra)s 3(wing)k 7030(package)s 7817(,)s [ /Rect [7924 10946 8158 11109] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_4 /ANN pdfmark 7924(74)s 4816 10659(Diagrams)m 5743(,)s [ /Rect [5850 10658 6065 10821] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_2 /ANN pdfmark 5850(71)s 4816 10371(DocumentLayout)m 6551(package)s 7338(,)s [ /Rect [7445 10368 7669 10533] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_1 /ANN pdfmark 7445(83)s 5056 10083(chapters)m 5903(and)s 6307(sections)s 7075(,)s [ /Rect [7182 10078 7416 10245] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_2 /ANN pdfmark 7182(92)s 5056 9795(displays)m 5838(,)s [ /Rect [5945 9792 6179 9957] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_4 /ANN pdfmark 5945(84)s 5056 9507(lists)m 5438(,)s [ /Rect [5545 9504 5771 9672] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_6 /ANN pdfmark 5545(85)s 5056 9219(page)m 5564(layout)s 6169(,)s [ /Rect [6276 9216 6504 9381] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_2 /ANN pdfmark 6276(87)s 5056 8931(paragraphs)m 6103(,)s [ /Rect [6210 8928 6444 9093] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_2 /ANN pdfmark 6210(84)s 220 fnt2 4816 8640(d)m 240 fnt1 4986 8643(unit)m 5365(,)s [ /Rect [5472 8640 5699 8805] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_17 /ANN pdfmark 5472(38)s 4816 8067(Edge-to-edge)m 6160(g)s 1(ap)k 6558(mode)s 7093(,)s [ /Rect [7200 8064 7427 8229] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_19 /ANN pdfmark 7200(38)s 220 fnt2 4816 7776(e)m 240 fnt1 4990 7779(g)m 1(ap)k 5388(mode)s 5923(,)s [ /Rect [6030 7776 6257 7941] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_20 /ANN pdfmark 6030(38)s 220 fnt2 4816 7488(@Enclose)m 240 fnt1 5818 7491(,)m [ /Rect [5925 7488 6159 7653] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_12 /ANN pdfmark 5925(32)s 220 fnt2 4816 7200(@End)m 240 fnt1 5477 7203(symbol)m 6184(,)s [ /Rect [6291 7200 6519 7365] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_begi_2 /ANN pdfmark 6291(37)s 220 fnt2 4816 6912(@EndHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 7338 6915(symbol)m 8045(,)s [ /Rect [8152 6912 8385 7079] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_3 /ANN pdfmark 8152(66)s 4816 6627(Eq)m 5140(equation)s 6021(formatting)s 7082(package)s 7869(,)s [ /Rect [7976 6624 8191 6789] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_1 /ANN pdfmark 7976(81)s 220 fnt2 4816 6336(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 5354 6339(e)m 3(xample)k 6164(,)s [ /Rect [6271 6336 6486 6501] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_4 /ANN pdfmark 6271(81)s 4816 6051(Escape)m 5549(character)s 6430(,)s [ /Rect [6537 6051 6771 6213] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_5 /ANN pdfmark 6537(14)s 220 fnt2 4816 5760(@Ev)m 5(enP)k 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 6435 5763(e)m 3(xample)k 7245(,)s [ /Rect [7352 5758 7567 5925] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_10 /ANN pdfmark 7352(91)s 4816 5475(Expansion)m 5884(of)s 6155(object)s 6746(,)s [ /Rect [6853 5472 7087 5640] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_3 /ANN pdfmark 6853(54)s 220 fnt2 4816 5184(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t)k 240 fnt1 5484 5187(clause)m 6084(,)s [ /Rect [6191 5182 6422 5349] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_4 /ANN pdfmark 6191(19)s 4816 4611(F)m 3(ace)k 5320(of)s 5591(a)s 5757(font)s 6149(,)s [ /Rect [6256 4611 6471 4773] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_3 /ANN pdfmark 6256(41)s 4816 4323(F)m 3(amily)k 5544(of)s 5815(a)s 5981(font)s 6373(,)s [ /Rect [6480 4323 6695 4485] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_2 /ANN pdfmark 6480(41)s 220 fnt2 4816 4032(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 5653 4035(,)m [ /Rect [5760 4030 5871 4197] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_7 /ANN pdfmark 5760(9)s 220 fnt2 4816 3744(f)m 6(ollo)k 3(wing)k 240 fnt1 5653 3747(,)m [ /Rect [5760 3742 5871 3909] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_6 /ANN pdfmark 5760(9)s 4816 3459(F)m 3(onts)k 5343(,)s [ /Rect [5450 3459 5665 3621] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_1 /ANN pdfmark 5450(41)s 220 fnt2 4816 3168(@F)m 6(ont)k 240 fnt1 5528 3171(symbol)m 6235(,)s [ /Rect [6342 3171 6557 3333] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_6 /ANN pdfmark 6342(41)s 220 fnt2 4816 2880(@F)m 6(ootSect)k 240 fnt1 5967 2883(e)m 3(xample)k 6777(,)s [ /Rect [6884 2880 7111 3045] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_4 /ANN pdfmark 6884(88)s 220 fnt2 4816 2592(@F)m 6(orceGalle)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 6269 2595(symbol)m 6976(,)s [ /Rect [7083 2592 7309 2760] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_gall_2 /ANN pdfmark 7083(65)s 4816 2307(F)m 3(orcing)k 5610(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6191(,)s [ /Rect [6298 2304 6533 2469] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_10 /ANN pdfmark 6298(30)s 4816 2019(F)m 3(ormfeed)k 5747(,)s [ /Rect [5854 2019 6088 2181] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_9 /ANN pdfmark 5854(14)s 220 fnt2 4816 1728(f)m 240 fnt1 4934 1731(unit)m 5313(,)s [ /Rect [5420 1728 5647 1893] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_11 /ANN pdfmark 5420(38)s 4816 1155(Galle)m 3(ys)k 5541(,)s [ /Rect [5648 1152 5883 1317] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_1 /ANN pdfmark 5648(10)s 5056 867(in)m 5299(detail)s 5831(,)s [ /Rect [5938 866 6166 1029] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_1 /ANN pdfmark 5938(27)s 220 fnt2 4816 576(@Galle)m 4(y)k 240 fnt1 5714 579(symbol)m 6421(,)s [ /Rect [6528 576 6754 744] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_gall_1 /ANN pdfmark 6528(65)s 4816 291(Gap)m 5215(,)s [ /Rect [5322 288 5549 453] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_6 /ANN pdfmark 5322(38)s grestore gsave 1417 -14867 translate 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore 192 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 5811 -15423(111)m grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 112 118 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(112)m 240 fnt6 9956 -1580(Inde)m 4(x)k gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13415 0 13415 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13252(Gap)m 452(mode)s 987(,)s [ /Rect [1094 13249 1321 13414] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_18 /ANN pdfmark 1094(38)s 220 fnt2 0 12961(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1044 12964(symbol)m 1751(,)s [ /Rect [1858 12963 2073 13126] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_1 /ANN pdfmark 1858(71)s 220 fnt2 0 12385(@HAdjust)m 240 fnt1 1046 12388(symbol)m 1753(,)s [ /Rect [1860 12385 2086 12553] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_2 /ANN pdfmark 1860(55)s 220 fnt2 0 12097(@HContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 1264 12100(symbol)m 1971(,)s [ /Rect [2078 12097 2312 12265] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_1 /ANN pdfmark 2078(54)s 220 fnt2 0 11809(@HCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 1018 11812(symbol)m 1725(,)s [ /Rect [1832 11809 2065 11977] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_cove_1 /ANN pdfmark 1832(56)s 0 11524(Header)m 750(component)s 1874(of)s 2145(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2726(,)s [ /Rect [2833 11521 3059 11689] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_1 /ANN pdfmark 2833(65)s 0 11236(Height)m 711(of)s 982(an)s 1265(object)s 1856(,)s [ /Rect [1963 11233 2189 11401] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_3 /ANN pdfmark 1963(25)s 220 fnt2 0 10945(@HExpand)m 240 fnt1 1173 10948(symbol)m 1880(,)s [ /Rect [1987 10945 2221 11113] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_1 /ANN pdfmark 1987(54)s 220 fnt2 0 10657(h)m 240 fnt1 168 10660(g)m 1(ap)k 566(mode)s 1101(,)s [ /Rect [1208 10657 1435 10822] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_22 /ANN pdfmark 1208(38)s 220 fnt2 0 10369(@High)m 240 fnt1 719 10372(symbol)m 1426(,)s [ /Rect [1533 10369 1757 10537] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_wide_2 /ANN pdfmark 1533(53)s 220 fnt2 0 10081(@HLimited)m 240 fnt1 1135 10084(symbol)m 1842(,)s [ /Rect [1949 10081 2183 10249] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hlim_1 /ANN pdfmark 1949(54)s 220 fnt2 0 9793(@Hline)m 240 fnt1 773 9796(e)m 3(xample)k 1583(,)s [ /Rect [1690 9793 1914 9958] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_7 /ANN pdfmark 1690(83)s 220 fnt2 0 9505(@HMirror)m 240 fnt1 1013 9508(symbol)m 1720(,)s [ /Rect [1827 9505 2053 9673] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_1 /ANN pdfmark 1827(55)s 0 9220(Horizontal)m 1077(concatenation)s 2409(,)s [ /Rect [2516 9217 2744 9382] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_3 /ANN pdfmark 2516(37)s 220 fnt2 0 8929(@HScale)m 240 fnt1 981 8932(symbol)m 1688(,)s [ /Rect [1795 8929 2021 9097] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_1 /ANN pdfmark 1795(55)s 220 fnt2 0 8641(@HShift)m 240 fnt1 875 8644(symbol)m 1582(,)s [ /Rect [1689 8641 1913 8809] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hshi_1 /ANN pdfmark 1689(53)s 220 fnt2 0 8353(@HSpan)m 240 fnt1 939 8356(symbol)m 1646(,)s [ /Rect [1753 8353 1981 8521] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_4 /ANN pdfmark 1753(57)s 0 8068(Hyphenation)m 1294(g)s 1(ap)k 1692(mode)s 2227(,)s [ /Rect [2334 8065 2569 8230] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_37 /ANN pdfmark 2334(40)s 0 7780(Hyphenation)m 1294(g)s 1(ap)k 1692(mode)s 2227(,)s [ /Rect [2334 7777 2561 7942] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_21 /ANN pdfmark 2334(38)s 220 fnt2 0 7489(h)m 6(yphen)k 760(@Break)s 240 fnt1 1563 7492(,)m [ /Rect [1670 7489 1896 7657] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_12 /ANN pdfmark 1670(45)s 0 6916(Identi\207er)m 882(,)s [ /Rect [989 6916 1223 7078] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_12 /ANN pdfmark 989(14)s 220 fnt2 0 6625(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 673 6628(clause)m 1273(,)s [ /Rect [1380 6623 1611 6790] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_5 /ANN pdfmark 1380(19)s 220 fnt2 0 6337(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 2695 6340(symbol)m 3402(,)s [ /Rect [3509 6337 3742 6504] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_1 /ANN pdfmark 3509(76)s 220 fnt2 0 6049(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1751 6052(symbol)m 2458(,)s [ /Rect [2565 6049 2791 6217] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_1 /ANN pdfmark 2565(75)s 220 fnt2 0 5761(@Include)m 240 fnt1 982 5764(symbol)m 1689(,)s [ /Rect [1796 5763 2024 5922] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incl_1 /ANN pdfmark 1796(77)s 220 fnt2 0 5473(@IndentedDispla)m 6(y)k 240 fnt1 1847 5476(e)m 3(xample)k 2657(,)s [ /Rect [2764 5473 2998 5638] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_5 /ANN pdfmark 2764(84)s 220 fnt2 0 5185(@IndentedList)m 240 fnt1 1474 5188(e)m 3(xample)k 2284(,)s [ /Rect [2391 5185 2624 5352] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_8 /ANN pdfmark 2391(86)s 0 4900(Inde)m 3(x)k 597(\207le)s 958(\(for)s 1375(databases\))s 2366(,)s [ /Rect [2473 4899 2688 5062] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_2 /ANN pdfmark 2473(71)s 0 4612(In-paragraph)m 1291(concatenation)s 2623(,)s [ /Rect [2730 4609 2957 4774] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_4 /ANN pdfmark 2730(38)s 220 fnt2 0 4321(@Inser)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 836 4324(symbol)m 1543(,)s [ /Rect [1650 4321 1865 4488] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_inse_1 /ANN pdfmark 1650(61)s 220 fnt2 0 4033(into)m 240 fnt1 406 4036(clause)m 1006(,)s [ /Rect [1113 4036 1328 4198] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_2 /ANN pdfmark 1113(11)s 0 3748(In)m 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 1067(of)s 1338(a)s 1504(symbol)s 2211(,)s [ /Rect [2318 3748 2432 3910] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_4 /ANN pdfmark 2318(4)s 0 2884(K)m 6(ernighan,)k 1111(B.)s 1322(,)s [ /Rect [1429 2881 1644 3046] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_2 /ANN pdfmark 1429(81)s 0 2596(K)m 6(erning)k 778(,)s [ /Rect [885 2596 1100 2758] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_5 /ANN pdfmark 885(41)s 0 2308(K)m 6(erning)k 831(g)s 1(ap)k 1229(mode)s 1764(,)s [ /Rect [1871 2305 2098 2470] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_27 /ANN pdfmark 1871(38)s 220 fnt2 0 2017(@K)m 8(er)k -5(nShr)k -3(ink)k 240 fnt1 1367 2020(symbol)m 2074(,)s [ /Rect [2181 2015 2412 2185] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_kshr_1 /ANN pdfmark 2181(59)s 220 fnt2 0 1729(@K)m 8(e)k 4(y)k 240 fnt1 647 1732(parameter)m 1608(,)s [ /Rect [1715 1729 1939 1894] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_2 /ANN pdfmark 1715(33)s 220 fnt2 0 1441(k)m 240 fnt1 170 1444(g)m 1(ap)k 568(mode)s 1103(,)s [ /Rect [1210 1441 1437 1606] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_28 /ANN pdfmark 1210(38)s 0 1156(Knuth,)m 706(D.)s 930(,)s [ /Rect [1037 1153 1261 1318] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_8 /ANN pdfmark 1037(83)s 220 fnt2 0 577(langdef)m 240 fnt1 776 580(language)m 1696(de\207nition)s 2617(,)s [ /Rect [2724 577 2958 745] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_2 /ANN pdfmark 2724(52)s 220 fnt2 0 289(@Language)m 240 fnt1 1251 292(symbol)m 1958(,)s [ /Rect [2065 289 2280 457] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_lang_1 /ANN pdfmark 2065(51)s 220 fnt2 4816 13247(@LClos)m 240 fnt1 5652 13250(symbol)m 6359(,)s [ /Rect [6466 13247 6692 13415] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_13 /ANN pdfmark 6466(15)s 4816 12962(LCM)m 5389(\207le)s 5697(,)s [ /Rect [5804 12959 6028 13124] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_9 /ANN pdfmark 5804(43)s 4816 12674(Length)m 5498(,)s [ /Rect [5605 12671 5832 12836] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_7 /ANN pdfmark 5605(38)s 220 fnt2 4816 12383(@LEn)m 4(v)k 240 fnt1 5594 12386(symbol)m 6301(,)s [ /Rect [6408 12383 6634 12551] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_14 /ANN pdfmark 6408(15)s 4816 12098(Letter)m 5445(character)s 6326(,)s [ /Rect [6433 12098 6667 12260] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_2 /ANN pdfmark 6433(14)s 4816 11810(Lig)m 1(atures)k 5715(,)s [ /Rect [5822 11810 6037 11972] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_4 /ANN pdfmark 5822(41)s 220 fnt2 4816 11519(lines)m 5319(@Break)s 240 fnt1 6122 11522(,)m [ /Rect [6229 11522 6463 11684] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_7 /ANN pdfmark 6229(44)s 220 fnt2 4816 11231(@LinkDest)m 240 fnt1 5948 11234(symbol)m 6655(,)s [ /Rect [6762 11229 6993 11398] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_link_2 /ANN pdfmark 6762(69)s 220 fnt2 4816 10943(@LinkSource)m 240 fnt1 6188 10946(symbol)m 6895(,)s [ /Rect [7002 10941 7233 11110] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_link_1 /ANN pdfmark 7002(69)s 220 fnt2 4816 10655(@LInput)m 240 fnt1 5705 10658(symbol)m 6412(,)s [ /Rect [6519 10655 6745 10823] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_15 /ANN pdfmark 6519(15)s 4816 10370(Literal)m 5506(w)s 2(ord)k 6001(,)s [ /Rect [6108 10367 6334 10535] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_19 /ANN pdfmark 6108(15)s 220 fnt2 4816 10079(@LUse)m 240 fnt1 5603 10082(symbol)m 6310(,)s [ /Rect [6417 10079 6643 10247] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_17 /ANN pdfmark 6417(15)s 220 fnt2 4816 9791(@L)m 24(Vis)k 240 fnt1 5494 9794(symbol)m 6201(,)s [ /Rect [6308 9791 6534 9959] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_16 /ANN pdfmark 6308(15)s 4816 9218(Macro)m 5440(,)s [ /Rect [5547 9215 5780 9382] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_22 /ANN pdfmark 5547(16)s 4816 8930(Mark)m 5395(alignment)s 6358(,)s [ /Rect [6465 8930 6560 9092] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_3 /ANN pdfmark 6465(1)s 5056 8642(in)m 5299(detail)s 5831(,)s [ /Rect [5938 8637 6169 8804] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_5 /ANN pdfmark 5938(29)s 4816 8354(Mark-to-mark)m 6230(g)s 1(ap)k 6628(mode)s 7163(,)s [ /Rect [7270 8351 7497 8516] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_23 /ANN pdfmark 7270(38)s 220 fnt2 4816 8063(@Meld)m 240 fnt1 5562 8066(symbol)m 6269(,)s [ /Rect [6376 8063 6611 8230] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_3 /ANN pdfmark 6376(60)s 220 fnt2 4816 7775(@Merge)m 240 fnt1 5713 7778(symbol)m 6420(,)s [ /Rect [6527 7775 6761 7940] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_3 /ANN pdfmark 6527(34)s 4816 7490(Mirroring)m 5811(an)s 6094(object)s 6685(,)s [ /Rect [6792 7487 7018 7655] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_3 /ANN pdfmark 6792(55)s 220 fnt2 4816 7199(@Moment)m 240 fnt1 5888 7202(symbol)m 6595(,)s [ /Rect [6702 7199 6936 7366] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_mome_1 /ANN pdfmark 6702(64)s 220 fnt2 4816 6911(m)m 240 fnt1 5045 6914(unit)m 5424(,)s [ /Rect [5531 6911 5758 7076] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_10 /ANN pdfmark 5531(38)s 220 fnt2 4816 6335(named)m 240 fnt1 5535 6338(parameter)m 6496(,)s [ /Rect [6603 6335 6836 6502] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_2 /ANN pdfmark 6603(16)s 4816 6050(Nested)m 5538(de\207nitions)s 6546(,)s [ /Rect [6653 6047 6880 6212] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_1 /ANN pdfmark 6653(18)s 220 fnt2 4816 5759(@Ne)m 6(xt)k 240 fnt1 5540 5762(symbol)m 6247(,)s [ /Rect [6354 5759 6578 5926] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_next_1 /ANN pdfmark 6354(63)s 220 fnt2 4816 5471(noh)m 6(yphen)k 5820(@Break)s 240 fnt1 6623 5474(,)m [ /Rect [6730 5471 6956 5639] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_13 /ANN pdfmark 6730(45)s 6956(,)s [ /Rect [7063 5471 7296 5638] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_15 /ANN pdfmark 7063(46)s 220 fnt2 4816 5183(@NotRe)m 6(v)k 5(ealed)k 240 fnt1 6343 5186(symbol)m 7050(,)s [ /Rect [7157 5183 7385 5350] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_notr_1 /ANN pdfmark 7157(67)s 220 fnt2 4816 4895(@Null)m 240 fnt1 5461 4898(symbol)m 6168(,)s [ /Rect [6275 4895 6501 5063] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_null_1 /ANN pdfmark 6275(65)s 4816 4610(Numbered)m 5884(list)s 6182(,)s [ /Rect [6289 4607 6515 4775] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_7 /ANN pdfmark 6289(85)s 220 fnt2 4816 4319(@NumberOf)m 240 fnt1 6108 4322(e)m 3(xample)k 6918(,)s [ /Rect [7025 4317 7259 4484] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_3 /ANN pdfmark 7025(92)s 4816 3746(Object)m 5460(,)s [ /Rect [5567 3746 5662 3908] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_1 /ANN pdfmark 5567(1)s 220 fnt2 4816 3455(@OddP)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 6355 3458(e)m 3(xample)k 7165(,)s [ /Rect [7272 3453 7487 3620] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_9 /ANN pdfmark 7272(91)s 220 fnt2 4816 3167(o)m 240 fnt1 4991 3170(g)m 1(ap)k 5389(mode)s 5924(,)s [ /Rect [6031 3167 6258 3332] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_26 /ANN pdfmark 6031(38)s 220 fnt2 4816 2879(olines)m 5441(@Break)s 240 fnt1 6244 2882(,)m [ /Rect [6351 2879 6577 3047] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_10 /ANN pdfmark 6351(45)s 220 fnt2 4816 2591(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 5828 2594(symbol)m 6535(,)s [ /Rect [6642 2591 6866 2759] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_3 /ANN pdfmark 6642(53)s 220 fnt2 4816 2303(@OneOf)m 240 fnt1 5743 2306(symbol)m 6450(,)s [ /Rect [6557 2303 6791 2470] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oneo_1 /ANN pdfmark 6557(62)s 220 fnt2 4816 2015(@OneP)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 6010 2018(e)m 3(xample)k 6820(,)s [ /Rect [6927 2013 7162 2180] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_7 /ANN pdfmark 6927(90)s 220 fnt2 4816 1727(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 5947 1730(symbol)m 6654(,)s [ /Rect [6761 1727 6995 1895] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_1 /ANN pdfmark 6761(52)s 220 fnt2 4816 1439(@Open)m 240 fnt1 5622 1442(symbol)m 6329(,)s [ /Rect [6436 1437 6667 1606] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_open_1 /ANN pdfmark 6436(69)s 4816 1154(Optimal)m 5654(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6288(breaking)s 7125(,)s [ /Rect [7232 1151 7465 1318] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_opti_1 /ANN pdfmark 7232(36)s 220 fnt2 4816 863(@Optimiz)m 3(e)k 240 fnt1 5953 866(symbol)m 6660(,)s [ /Rect [6767 863 7000 1030] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_opti_2 /ANN pdfmark 6767(36)s 220 fnt2 4816 575(or)m 2(agged)k 5667(@Break)s 240 fnt1 6470 578(,)m [ /Rect [6577 578 6811 740] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_6 /ANN pdfmark 6577(44)s 220 fnt2 4816 287(@OrElse)m 240 fnt1 5761 290(e)m 3(xample)k 6571(,)s [ /Rect [6678 285 6904 455] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_5 /ANN pdfmark 6678(95)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 113 119 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt6 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1580(Inde)m 4(x)k 240 fnt5 10130 -1583(113)m gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13412 0 13412 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13249(Other)m 604(character)s 1485(,)s [ /Rect [1592 13249 1826 13411] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_3 /ANN pdfmark 1592(14)s 220 fnt2 0 12958(outdent)m 788(@Break)s 240 fnt1 1591 12961(,)m [ /Rect [1698 12961 1932 13123] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_2 /ANN pdfmark 1698(44)s 220 fnt2 0 12670(@Outline)m 240 fnt1 969 12673(symbol)m 1676(,)s [ /Rect [1783 12670 1998 12838] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_outl_1 /ANN pdfmark 1783(51)s 220 fnt2 0 12382(o)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 479 12385(e)m 3(xample)k 1289(,)s [ /Rect [1396 12382 1630 12547] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_6 /ANN pdfmark 1396(82)s 0 12097(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k 1059(g)s 1(ap)k 1457(mode)s 1992(,)s [ /Rect [2099 12094 2326 12259] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_25 /ANN pdfmark 2099(38)s 220 fnt2 0 11518(@P)m 26(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 1008 11521(symbol)m 1715(,)s [ /Rect [1822 11518 2048 11686] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_1 /ANN pdfmark 1822(55)s 220 fnt2 0 11230(@P)m 8(age)k 240 fnt1 779 11233(e)m 3(xample)k 1589(,)s [ /Rect [1696 11228 1927 11395] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_6 /ANN pdfmark 1696(89)s 220 fnt2 0 10942(@P)m 8(ageLabel)k 240 fnt1 1309 10945(symbol)m 2016(,)s [ /Rect [2123 10940 2354 11107] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_page_1 /ANN pdfmark 2123(79)s 0 10657(P)m 3(age)k 518(layout)s 240 10369(principles)m 1233(of)s 1451(,)s [ /Rect [1558 10366 1664 10534] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_7 /ANN pdfmark 1558(5)s 240 10081(in)m 483(practice)s 1241(,)s [ /Rect [1348 10078 1576 10243] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_1 /ANN pdfmark 1348(87)s 220 fnt2 0 9790(@P)m 8(ageOf)k 240 fnt1 1016 9793(e)m 3(xample)k 1826(,)s [ /Rect [1933 9790 2161 9955] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_3 /ANN pdfmark 1933(87)s 0 9505(P)m 3(aragraph)k 1023(breaking)s 1860(,)s [ /Rect [1967 9502 2071 9667] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_7 /ANN pdfmark 1967(3)s 240 9217(in)m 483(detail)s 1015(,)s [ /Rect [1122 9214 1357 9379] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_35 /ANN pdfmark 1122(40)s 0 8929(P)m 3(arameter)k 971(,)s [ /Rect [1078 8929 1192 9091] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_5 /ANN pdfmark 1078(4)s 220 fnt2 240 8638(body)m 240 fnt1 774 8641(parameter)m 1735(,)s [ /Rect [1842 8638 2069 8803] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_visi_2 /ANN pdfmark 1842(18)s 220 fnt2 240 8350(named)m 240 fnt1 959 8353(parameter)m 1920(,)s [ /Rect [2027 8350 2260 8517] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_1 /ANN pdfmark 2027(16)s 220 fnt2 0 8062(@PlainGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1530 8065(symbol)m 2237(,)s [ /Rect [2344 8062 2570 8230] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_plai_1 /ANN pdfmark 2344(75)s 0 7777(PostScript)m 989(,)s [ /Rect [1096 7777 1222 7940] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_preface_1 /ANN pdfmark 1096(ii)s 240 7489(used)m 737(by)s 220 fnt2 1031 7486(@Gr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 2022 7489(,)m [ /Rect [2129 7488 2344 7651] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_grap_3 /ANN pdfmark 2129(71)s 240 7201(used)m 737(by)s 220 fnt2 1031 7198(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 2729 7201(,)m [ /Rect [2836 7198 3062 7366] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_3 /ANN pdfmark 2836(75)s 240 6913(used)m 737(by)s 220 fnt2 1031 6910(@IncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 3673 6913(,)m [ /Rect [3780 6910 4013 7077] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_3 /ANN pdfmark 3780(76)s 240 6625(used)m 737(by)s 220 fnt2 1031 6622(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 2851 6625(,)m [ /Rect [2958 6622 3191 6789] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_3 /ANN pdfmark 2958(76)s 220 fnt2 0 6334(@PP)m 240 fnt1 566 6337(e)m 3(xample)k 1376(,)s [ /Rect [1483 6334 1717 6499] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_3 /ANN pdfmark 1483(84)s 0 6049(Precedence)m 1091(,)s [ /Rect [1198 6046 1422 6211] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_prec_1 /ANN pdfmark 1198(23)s 220 fnt2 0 5758(preceding)m 240 fnt1 958 5761(,)m [ /Rect [1065 5756 1176 5923] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_5 /ANN pdfmark 1065(9)s 220 fnt2 0 5470(@PrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 1873 5473(symbol)m 2580(,)s [ /Rect [2687 5470 2920 5637] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_1 /ANN pdfmark 2687(76)s 0 5185(Principal)m 917(mark)s 1416(,)s [ /Rect [1523 5182 1750 5347] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_5 /ANN pdfmark 1523(38)s 240 4897(ef)m 6(fect)k 836(on)s 220 fnt2 1133 4894(@OneCol)m 240 fnt1 2145 4897(and)m 220 fnt2 2549 4894(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 3627 4897(,)m [ /Rect [3734 4894 3968 5062] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_oner_2 /ANN pdfmark 3734(52)s 0 4609(Promotion)m 1067(of)s 1338(components)s 2493(,)s [ /Rect [2600 4606 2835 4771] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_9 /ANN pdfmark 2600(30)s 220 fnt2 0 4318(p)m 240 fnt1 174 4321(unit)m 553(,)s [ /Rect [660 4318 887 4483] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_9 /ANN pdfmark 660(38)s 0 3745(Quote)m 641(character)s 1522(,)s [ /Rect [1629 3745 1863 3907] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_4 /ANN pdfmark 1629(14)s 0 3457(Quoted)m 763(w)s 2(ord)k 1258(,)s [ /Rect [1365 3454 1591 3622] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_20 /ANN pdfmark 1365(15)s 220 fnt2 0 2878(r)m 2(agged)k 729(@Break)s 240 fnt1 1532 2881(,)m [ /Rect [1639 2881 1873 3043] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_3 /ANN pdfmark 1639(44)s 220 fnt2 0 2590(@Ra)m 4(wV)k 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 1563 2593(symbol)m 2270(,)s [ /Rect [2377 2590 2604 2755] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_verb_2 /ANN pdfmark 2377(78)s 0 2305(Recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 1003(symbol)s 1710(,)s [ /Rect [1817 2305 2051 2467] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_4 /ANN pdfmark 1817(12)s 0 2017(Recursion)m 974(,)s [ /Rect [1081 2014 1187 2182] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_6 /ANN pdfmark 1081(5)s 220 fnt2 0 1726(@Ref)m 6(erence)k 240 fnt1 1281 1729(e)m 3(xample)k 2091(,)s [ /Rect [2198 1724 2426 1891] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_2 /ANN pdfmark 2198(97)s 220 fnt2 0 1438(@Ref)m 6(erenceSection)k 240 fnt1 2006 1441(e)m 3(xample)k 2816(,)s [ /Rect [2923 1436 3154 1603] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_3 /ANN pdfmark 2923(99)s 220 fnt2 0 1150(@Ref)m 240 fnt1 621 1153(e)m 3(xample)k 1431(,)s [ /Rect [1538 1150 1893 1315] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_bibl_4 /ANN pdfmark 1538(100)s 0 865(Re\210ecting)m 1036(an)s 1319(object)s 1910(,)s [ /Rect [2017 862 2243 1030] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_4 /ANN pdfmark 2017(55)s 0 577(Reid,)m 559(Brian)s 1147(K.)s 1371(,)s [ /Rect [1478 574 1585 739] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_3 /ANN pdfmark 1478(8)s 0 289(Right)m 592(justi\207cation)s 1724(,)s [ /Rect [1831 286 2058 451] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_32 /ANN pdfmark 1831(38)s 220 fnt2 4816 13247(r)m -3(lines)k 5395(@Break)s 240 fnt1 6198 13250(,)m [ /Rect [6305 13250 6539 13412] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_9 /ANN pdfmark 6305(44)s 4816 12962(Roman)m 5565(numerals)s 6439(,)s [ /Rect [6546 12959 6774 13124] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_para_9 /ANN pdfmark 6546(87)s 4816 12674(Root)m 5342(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5923(,)s [ /Rect [6030 12674 6264 12836] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_5 /ANN pdfmark 6030(12)s 5056 12386(in)m 5299(detail)s 5831(,)s [ /Rect [5938 12383 6173 12548] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_6 /ANN pdfmark 5938(30)s 5056 12098(printing)m 5866(of)s 6084(,)s [ /Rect [6191 12095 6426 12260] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_7 /ANN pdfmark 6191(30)s 5056 11810(size)m 5483(of)s 5754(components)s 6962(of)s 7180(,)s [ /Rect [7287 11807 7520 11974] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_5 /ANN pdfmark 7287(26)s 220 fnt2 4816 11519(@Rotate)m 240 fnt1 5737 11522(symbol)m 6444(,)s [ /Rect [6551 11519 6778 11687] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rota_1 /ANN pdfmark 6551(58)s 4816 11234(Rotation)m 5697(of)s 5968(object)s 6559(,)s [ /Rect [6666 11231 6893 11399] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rota_2 /ANN pdfmark 6666(58)s 4816 10946(Ro)m 6(w)k 5317(mark)s 5816(,)s [ /Rect [5923 10946 6037 11108] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_4 /ANN pdfmark 5923(2)s 220 fnt2 4816 10655(rr)m 2(agged)k 5618(@Break)s 240 fnt1 6421 10658(,)m [ /Rect [6528 10658 6762 10820] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_5 /ANN pdfmark 6528(44)s 220 fnt2 4816 10367(@Rump)m 240 fnt1 5676 10370(symbol)m 6383(,)s [ /Rect [6490 10367 6725 10534] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_rump_2 /ANN pdfmark 6490(60)s 220 fnt2 4816 10079(r)m 240 fnt1 4949 10082(unit)m 5328(,)s [ /Rect [5435 10079 5662 10244] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_16 /ANN pdfmark 5435(38)s 220 fnt2 4816 9791(@Runner)m 240 fnt1 5818 9794(e)m 3(xample)k 6628(,)s [ /Rect [6735 9789 6970 9956] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_page_8 /ANN pdfmark 6735(90)s 220 fnt2 4816 9215(@Scale)m 240 fnt1 5639 9218(symbol)m 6346(,)s [ /Rect [6453 9215 6680 9383] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_scal_1 /ANN pdfmark 6453(58)s 4816 8930(Scaling)m 5586(of)s 5857(object)s 6448(,)s [ /Rect [6555 8927 6781 9095] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_3 /ANN pdfmark 6555(55)s 4816 8642(Scribe)m 5429(,)s [ /Rect [5536 8639 5643 8804] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_2 /ANN pdfmark 5536(8)s 220 fnt2 4816 8351(@Section)m 240 fnt1 5816 8354(e)m 3(xample)k 6626(,)s [ /Rect [6733 8349 6959 8519] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_chap_6 /ANN pdfmark 6733(95)s 220 fnt2 4816 8063(@SetColor)m 240 fnt1 5951 8066(symbol)m 6658(,)s [ /Rect [6765 8063 6992 8228] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_colo_2 /ANN pdfmark 6765(48)s 220 fnt2 4816 7775(@SetColour)m 240 fnt1 6073 7778(symbol)m 6780(,)s [ /Rect [6887 7775 7114 7940] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_colo_1 /ANN pdfmark 6887(48)s 220 fnt2 4816 7487(@SetHeaderComponent)m 240 fnt1 7277 7490(symbol)m 7984(,)s [ /Rect [8091 7487 8324 7654] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_head_4 /ANN pdfmark 8091(66)s 220 fnt2 4816 7199(@SetT)m 26(e)k 6(xture)k 240 fnt1 6132 7202(symbol)m 6839(,)s [ /Rect [6946 7199 7181 7367] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_text_1 /ANN pdfmark 6946(50)s 220 fnt2 4816 6911(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColor)k 240 fnt1 6891 6914(symbol)m 7598(,)s [ /Rect [7705 6909 7936 7076] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_ucol_2 /ANN pdfmark 7705(49)s 220 fnt2 4816 6623(@SetUnder)m -3(lineColour)k 240 fnt1 7013 6626(symbol)m 7720(,)s [ /Rect [7827 6621 8058 6788] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_ucol_1 /ANN pdfmark 7827(49)s 4816 6338(Size)m 5283(of)s 5554(an)s 5837(object)s 6428(,)s [ /Rect [6535 6335 6761 6503] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_4 /ANN pdfmark 6535(25)s 4816 6050(small)m 5388(capitals)s 6115(,)s [ /Rect [6222 6050 6456 6212] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_font_7 /ANN pdfmark 6222(42)s 4816 5762(Sorted)m 5498(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 6169(,)s [ /Rect [6276 5759 6500 5924] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_sort_1 /ANN pdfmark 6276(33)s 4816 5474(Space)m 5390(,)s [ /Rect [5497 5474 5731 5636] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_10 /ANN pdfmark 5497(14)s 5056 5186(when)m 5632(signi\207cant)s 6635(,)s [ /Rect [6742 5181 6973 5348] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_34 /ANN pdfmark 6742(39)s 220 fnt2 4816 4895(@Space)m 240 fnt1 5713 4898(symbol)m 6420(,)s [ /Rect [6527 4895 6760 5062] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_spac_1 /ANN pdfmark 6527(46)s 220 fnt2 4816 4607(@Star)m -8(tHSpan)k 240 fnt1 6226 4610(symbol)m 6933(,)s [ /Rect [7040 4607 7268 4775] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_1 /ANN pdfmark 7040(57)s 220 fnt2 4816 4319(@Star)m -8(tHVSpan)k 240 fnt1 6372 4322(symbol)m 7079(,)s [ /Rect [7186 4319 7414 4487] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_3 /ANN pdfmark 7186(57)s 220 fnt2 4816 4031(@Star)m -8(tVSpan)k 240 fnt1 6214 4034(symbol)m 6921(,)s [ /Rect [7028 4031 7256 4199] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_2 /ANN pdfmark 7028(57)s 4816 3746(Style)m 5363(of)s 5634(an)s 5917(object)s 6508(,)s [ /Rect [6615 3746 6849 3908] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_1 /ANN pdfmark 6615(24)s 220 fnt2 4816 3455(s)m 240 fnt1 4979 3458(unit)m 5358(,)s [ /Rect [5465 3455 5692 3620] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_12 /ANN pdfmark 5465(38)s 5056 3170(and)m 220 fnt2 5460 3167(@Space)m 240 fnt1 6357 3170(symbol)m 7064(,)s [ /Rect [7171 3167 7404 3334] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_spac_2 /ANN pdfmark 7171(46)s 220 fnt2 4816 2879(sup)m 240 fnt1 5222 2882(e)m 3(xample)k 6032(,)s [ /Rect [6139 2879 6373 3044] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_exa_equa_5 /ANN pdfmark 6139(82)s 4816 2594(Symbol)m 5563(,)s [ /Rect [5670 2594 5784 2756] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_defi_2 /ANN pdfmark 5670(4)s 220 fnt2 4816 2303(@SysDatabase)m 240 fnt1 6396 2306(symbol)m 7103(,)s [ /Rect [7210 2305 7425 2468] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_data_3 /ANN pdfmark 7210(71)s 220 fnt2 4816 2015(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphicRepeated)k 240 fnt1 7877 2018(symbol)m 8584(,)s [ /Rect [8691 2015 8924 2182] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incr_2 /ANN pdfmark 8691(76)s 220 fnt2 4816 1727(@SysIncludeGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 6933 1730(symbol)m 7640(,)s [ /Rect [7747 1727 7973 1895] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incg_2 /ANN pdfmark 7747(75)s 220 fnt2 4816 1439(@SysInclude)m 240 fnt1 6164 1442(symbol)m 6871(,)s [ /Rect [6978 1441 7206 1600] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_incl_2 /ANN pdfmark 6978(77)s 220 fnt2 4816 1151(@SysPrependGr)m 2(aphic)k 240 fnt1 7055 1154(symbol)m 7762(,)s [ /Rect [7869 1151 8102 1318] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_prep_2 /ANN pdfmark 7869(76)s 4816 578(T)m 19(ables)k 5432(,)s [ /Rect [5539 578 5653 740] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_obje_5 /ANN pdfmark 5539(2)s 4816 290(T)m 19(ab)k 4(ulation)k 5886(g)s 1(ap)k 6284(mode)s 6819(,)s [ /Rect [6926 287 7153 452] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_29 /ANN pdfmark 6926(38)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Page: 114 120 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica /pgsave save def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman /Times-Romanfnt1 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode /fnt1 { /Times-Romanfnt1 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold /Times-Boldfnt5 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode /fnt5 { /Times-Boldfnt5 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic /Times-Italicfnt6 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode /fnt6 { /Times-Italicfnt6 LoutFont } def %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helveticafnt2 vec2 /Helvetica LoutRecode /fnt2 { /Helveticafnt2 LoutFont } def 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth %%EndPageSetup gsave 0 0 translate 240 fnt1 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor LoutTextureSolid 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave 0 0 translate 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke grestore gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate 240 fnt5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 1417 -1583(114)m 240 fnt6 9956 -1580(Inde)m 4(x)k gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 9066 13415 0 13415 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt2 0 13248(@T)m 26(agged)k 240 fnt1 989 13251(symbol)m 1696(,)s [ /Rect [1803 13248 2030 13415] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_tagg_1 /ANN pdfmark 1803(68)s 220 fnt2 0 12960(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 623 12963(parameter)m 9(,)k 1675(def)s 2(ault)k 2396(v)s 6(alue)k 2964(of)s 3182(,)s [ /Rect [3289 12962 3517 13125] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_name_4 /ANN pdfmark 3289(17)s 0 12675(T)m 19(ar)k 4(get)k 660(of)s 931(cross)s 1473(reference)s 2363(,)s [ /Rect [2470 12670 2581 12837] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_cros_4 /ANN pdfmark 2470(9)s 0 12387(T)m 19(ar)k 4(get)k 660(of)s 931(a)s 1097(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1678(,)s [ /Rect [1785 12387 2000 12549] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pri_gall_3 /ANN pdfmark 1785(11)s 240 12099(in)m 483(detail)s 1015(,)s [ /Rect [1122 12098 1350 12261] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_2 /ANN pdfmark 1122(27)s 220 fnt2 0 11808(@T)m 26(arget)k 240 fnt1 887 11811(symbol)m 1594(,)s [ /Rect [1701 11808 1916 11973] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_gall_11 /ANN pdfmark 1701(31)s 0 11523(T)m 96 11475(E)m 204 11523(X)m 240 11235(h)m 1(yphenation)k 1427(,)s [ /Rect [1534 11232 1769 11397] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_38 /ANN pdfmark 1534(40)s 240 10947(optimal)m 1025(paragraph)s 2038(breaking)s 2875(,)s [ /Rect [2982 10944 3217 11109] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_36 /ANN pdfmark 2982(40)s 0 10659(T)m 16(e)k 3(xtual)k 766(unit)s 1145(,)s [ /Rect [1252 10659 1486 10821] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_1 /ANN pdfmark 1252(14)s 220 fnt2 0 10368(t)m 240 fnt1 117 10371(g)m 1(ap)k 515(mode)s 1050(,)s [ /Rect [1157 10368 1384 10533] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_30 /ANN pdfmark 1157(38)s 220 fnt2 0 9792(@Under)m -3(line)k 240 fnt1 1215 9795(symbol)m 1922(,)s [ /Rect [2029 9790 2260 9957] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_unde_1 /ANN pdfmark 2029(79)s 0 9507(Underscore)m 1158(character)s 2039(,)s [ /Rect [2146 9507 2380 9669] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_7 /ANN pdfmark 2146(14)s 220 fnt2 0 9216(@Use)m 240 fnt1 665 9219(symbol)m 1372(,)s [ /Rect [1479 9214 1710 9383] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_open_2 /ANN pdfmark 1479(69)s 220 fnt2 0 8640(@V)m 17(Adjust)k 240 fnt1 1017 8643(symbol)m 1724(,)s [ /Rect [1831 8640 2057 8808] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hadj_3 /ANN pdfmark 1831(55)s 220 fnt2 0 8352(@VContr)m 2(act)k 240 fnt1 1252 8355(symbol)m 1959(,)s [ /Rect [2066 8352 2300 8520] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hcon_2 /ANN pdfmark 2066(54)s 220 fnt2 0 8064(@VCo)m 3(v)k 5(er)k 240 fnt1 1006 8067(symbol)m 1713(,)s [ /Rect [1820 8064 2053 8232] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_cove_2 /ANN pdfmark 1820(56)s 220 fnt2 0 7776(@V)m 17(erbatim)k 240 fnt1 1129 7779(symbol)m 1836(,)s [ /Rect [1943 7776 2170 7941] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_verb_1 /ANN pdfmark 1943(78)s 0 7491(V)m 26(ertical)k 797(concatenation)s 2129(,)s [ /Rect [2236 7488 2464 7653] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_2 /ANN pdfmark 2236(37)s 220 fnt2 0 7200(@VExpand)m 240 fnt1 1161 7203(symbol)m 1868(,)s [ /Rect [1975 7200 2209 7368] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hexp_2 /ANN pdfmark 1975(54)s 220 fnt2 0 6912(@VLimited)m 240 fnt1 1123 6915(symbol)m 1830(,)s [ /Rect [1937 6912 2171 7080] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hlim_2 /ANN pdfmark 1937(54)s 220 fnt2 0 6624(@VMirror)m 240 fnt1 1001 6627(symbol)m 1708(,)s [ /Rect [1815 6624 2041 6792] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hmir_2 /ANN pdfmark 1815(55)s 220 fnt2 0 6336(@VScale)m 240 fnt1 969 6339(symbol)m 1676(,)s [ /Rect [1783 6336 2009 6504] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hsca_2 /ANN pdfmark 1783(55)s 220 fnt2 0 6048(@VShift)m 240 fnt1 863 6051(symbol)m 1570(,)s [ /Rect [1677 6048 1901 6216] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_hshi_2 /ANN pdfmark 1677(53)s 220 fnt2 0 5760(@VSpan)m 240 fnt1 927 5763(symbol)m 1634(,)s [ /Rect [1741 5760 1969 5928] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_span_5 /ANN pdfmark 1741(57)s 220 fnt2 0 5472(v)m 240 fnt1 169 5475(unit)m 548(,)s [ /Rect [655 5472 882 5637] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_13 /ANN pdfmark 655(38)s 240 5187(ef)m 6(fect)k 836(on)s 1133(paragraph)s 2146(breaking)s 2983(,)s [ /Rect [3090 5184 3316 5352] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_brea_11 /ANN pdfmark 3090(45)s 0 4611(White)m 640(space)s 1174(,)s [ /Rect [1281 4611 1515 4773] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_8 /ANN pdfmark 1281(14)s 240 4323(when)m 816(signi\207cant)s 1819(,)s [ /Rect [1926 4318 2157 4485] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_33 /ANN pdfmark 1926(39)s 220 fnt2 0 4032(@Wide)m 240 fnt1 774 4035(symbol)m 1481(,)s [ /Rect [1588 4032 1812 4200] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_wide_1 /ANN pdfmark 1588(53)s 0 3747(W)m 9(idth)k 646(of)s 917(an)s 1200(object)s 1791(,)s [ /Rect [1898 3744 2124 3912] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_size_2 /ANN pdfmark 1898(25)s 0 3459(W)m 19(ord)k 531(,)s [ /Rect [638 3456 864 3624] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_det_lexi_18 /ANN pdfmark 638(15)s 220 fnt2 0 3168(w)m 240 fnt1 216 3171(unit)m 595(,)s [ /Rect [702 3168 929 3333] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_14 /ANN pdfmark 702(38)s 220 fnt2 0 2592(x)m 240 fnt1 168 2595(g)m 1(ap)k 566(mode)s 1101(,)s [ /Rect [1208 2592 1435 2757] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_conc_24 /ANN pdfmark 1208(38)s 220 fnt2 0 2016(@Y)m 4(ield)k 240 fnt1 753 2019(symbol)m 1460(,)s [ /Rect [1567 2016 1791 2183] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_case_2 /ANN pdfmark 1567(63)s 220 fnt2 0 1728(@YUnit)m 240 fnt1 814 1731(symbol)m 1521(,)s [ /Rect [1628 1730 1856 1893] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_yuni_1 /ANN pdfmark 1628(47)s 220 fnt2 0 1152(@ZUnit)m 240 fnt1 802 1155(symbol)m 1509(,)s [ /Rect [1616 1154 1844 1317] /Border [0 0 0] /View [ /XYZ null null null ] /Subtype /Link /Dest /LOUT19_4637_pre_yuni_2 /ANN pdfmark 1616(47)s grestore gsave 1417 -15423 translate 240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0 LoutMargSet grestore grestore grestore grestore grestore pgsave restore showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-BoldItalic %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Helvetica %%+ font Helvetica-Oblique %%+ font Symbol %%+ font Courier %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset LoutStartUp %%+ procset LoutTabPrependGraphic %%+ procset LoutFigPrependGraphic %%+ procset LoutBasicSetup %%+ encoding vec2 %%Pages: 120 %%EOF