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diff --git a/doc/user/bas_par2 b/doc/user/bas_par2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51f674c --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/bas_par2 @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +@Section + @Title { Paragraph breaking } + @Tag { paras } +@Begin +@PP +@I { Paragraph breaking } is the process of +paragraph.breaking @Index { paragraph breaking } +inserting line breaks into praragraphs at places appropriate to the column +width. Lout works out suitable column widths and performs paragraph +breaking automatically, finding an `optimal' break with the method +used by the @TeX +tex.paragraph @SubIndex { paragraph breaking } +system. It offers nine styles of paragraph breaking, +which we will explore with the aid of this example: +@ID @OneRow @Code { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +} +Changing the paragraph breaking style is similar to changing the font, +colour, or language, and is done using the @Code "@Break" symbol: +break. @Index @Code "@Break" +@ID @Code "ragged @Break ..." +This example causes every paragraph in the following object to be +broken using the @Code ragged style, of which more below. +@PP +The first two of the nine styles perform @I { line adjustment }, which +line.adjustment @Index { line adjustment } +means that they enlarge the spaces between the objects making up each +line so as to fill the lines completely: +@IndentedList +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "adjust @Break ..." } + B { adjust @Break { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "outdent @Break ..." } + B { outdent @Break { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@EndList +The @Code adjust style is frequently used, so it has been chosen as the +default style. Outdenting adds a small space at the start of each line +outdent. @Index { outdented paragraphs } +except the first, and is much less common. +@PP +The next four styles do not adjust lines, leaving the paragraph +ragged. @Index { @Code ragged paragraph breaking style } +cragged. @Index { @Code cragged paragraph breaking style } +rragged. @Index { @Code rragged paragraph breaking style } +oragged. @Index { @Code oragged paragraph breaking style } +{@I ragged}: +@IndentedList +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "ragged @Break ..." } + B { ragged @Break { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "cragged @Break ..." } + B { cragged @Break { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "rragged @Break ..." } + B { rragged @Break { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "oragged @Break ..." } + B { oragged @Break { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@EndList +The paragraph is broken in the same places as @Code adjust breaks it, +but the resulting lines are left-justified, centred, or right-justified +with respect to each other, rather than adjusted; @Code "oragged" +is like @Code "outdent" except the resulting lines are not adjusted. +@PP +If you have a few words that must be kept together on one line, the +preventing. @Index { preventing line breaks } +keeping. @Index { keeping things on one line } +recommended way is to separate them by an @Code "~" symbol: +@ID @Code "According to Prof.~Jones, the effect of ..." +It's best not to bother about this until you actually get a bad line +break, since chances are good that the words will fall on one line anyway. +@PP +The last three styles differ from the first five in breaking the +paragraph at the points where it is broken in the original input: +lines. @Index { @Code lines paragraph breaking style } +clines. @Index { @Code clines paragraph breaking style } +rlines. @Index { @Code rlines paragraph breaking style } +@IndentedList +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "lines @Break ..." } + B { lines @Break { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "clines @Break ..." } + B { clines @Break { +It @PageMark clines is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@LI @Tab + @Fmta { @Col 6c @Wide @Code A ! @Col 7c @Wide B } +{ +@Rowa + A { "rlines @Break ..." } + B { rlines @Break { +It is a truth universally +acknowledged, that a single man +in possession of a good fortune, +must be in want of a wife. +}} +} +@EndList +The lines are left-justified, centred, or right-justified with respect +to each other in the same way as for the ragged styles. +@PP +When using the @Code lines style, there are some fine points concerning +the proper use of white space. Consider this example: +@ID @OneRow @Code { +"@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I {" +"Teach me to hear Mermaides singing," +"Or to keep off envies stinging," +" And finde" +" What winde" +"Serves to'advance an honest minde." +"}" +} +The result is the indented display +@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I { +Teach me to hear Mermaides singing, +Or to keep off envies stinging, + And finde + What winde +Serves to'advance an honest minde. +} +This style is the only one for which it is useful to indent individual +lines in the input; as the result shows, such indents will be +respected, as will blank lines. However, Lout's rule that only white +space separating objects affects the result (Section {@NumberOf spaces}) +still holds, which means that indenting the first line is not +effective: +@ID @OneRow @Code { +"@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I {" +" And finde" +" What winde" +"Serves to'advance an honest minde." +"}" +} +produces +@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I { + And finde + What winde +Serves to'advance an honest minde. +} +This may seem awkward at first, but actually it is extremely convenient +because you don't have to worry about whether the first line of the +paragraph should appear on a new line as above, or immediately after +the opening brace: space at that point does not separate two objects, +so it has no effect. The indent can be obtained by +starting the first line with an empty object (Section {@NumberOf empty}): +@ID @OneRow @Code { +"@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I {" +"{} And finde" +" What winde" +"Serves to'advance an honest minde." +"}" +} +The result is +@IndentedDisplay lines @Break @I { +{} And finde + What winde +Serves to'advance an honest minde. +} +as desired. To set the entire document in a paragraph breaking style other +than {@Code "adjust"}, you need to change the @Code "@InitialBreak" option, +as explained at the end of Section {@NumberOf linespace}. +@PP +Some people don't like to see the first line of a paragraph alone at the +widows @Index { widow lines } +orphans @Index { orphan lines } +unbreakablefirst. @Index { @Code unbreakablefirst } +unbreakablelast. @Index { @Code unbreakablelast } +foot of a page or column (the rest appearing on the next page). You can +instruct Lout not to allow this with +@ID @Code "unbreakablefirst @Break ..." +meaning that the first line cannot be broken off from the rest of the +paragraph. Similarly, +@ID @Code "unbreakablelast @Break ..." +instructs Lout to prevent the last line of a paragraph from appearing +alone at the top of a page or column. These features would probably be +invoked in the @Code "@InitialBreak" option, like this: +@ID +@Code "@InitialBreak { unbreakablefirst unbreakablelast hyphen adjust 1.2fx }" +You can turn them off with @Code "breakablefirst @Break" +and @Code "breakablelast @Break". In both cases Lout makes it happen by +breaking at the previous place, either between paragraphs or two lines from +the end of a paragraph. Alternatively, both features are compatible with +Lout's @Code "@OptimizePages" option, which will optimize the overall page +layout of the document subject to these requirements. +@End @Section |