diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/design/outfile.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/design/outfile.ps | 2195 |
1 files changed, 1270 insertions, 925 deletions
diff --git a/doc/design/outfile.ps b/doc/design/outfile.ps index 1be8302..958311b 100644 --- a/doc/design/outfile.ps +++ b/doc/design/outfile.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 -%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.36 (July 2007) -%%CreationDate: Fri Jul 27 08:29:48 2007 +%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.37 (September 2008) +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 19 08:43:20 2008 %%DocumentData: Binary %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) @@ -1582,15 +1582,24 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt2 2897 12401(The)m -3352(Design)s 4099(and)s 4540(Implementation)s 4239 11998(of)m 4511(the)s -2589 11595(Lout)m 3141(Document)s 4250(F)s 6(ormatting)k 5468(Language)s -240 fnt3 3630 11097(J)m 6(ef)k 4(fr)k 8(e)k 7(y)k +240 fnt2 2897 12401(The)m 3352(Design)s 4099(and)s 4540(Implementation)s +4239 11998(of)m 4511(the)s 2589 11595(Lout)m 3141(Document)s 4250(F)s 6(ormatting)k +5468(Language)s 240 fnt3 3630 11097(J)m 6(ef)k 4(fr)k 8(e)k 7(y)k 4310(H.)s 4577(Kingston)s 240 fnt1 2551 10596(Basser)m 3248(Department)s 4436(of)s 4707(Computer)s 5724(Science,)s 3007 10308(The)m 3435(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 4489(of)s 4760(Sydne)s 3(y)k 5530(2006,)s 4095 10020(Australia)m @@ -1611,7 +1620,11 @@ grestore 0 7168(possible)m 840(solutions.)s 240 fnt2 0 6664(K)m 6(eyw)k 2(ords)k 240 fnt1 1143 6665(document)m 2147(formatting)s 3208(typesetting)s grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -1621,6 +1634,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -1648,15 +1663,24 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +9066 14006 0 14006 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt2 2897 12401(The)m -3352(Design)s 4099(and)s 4540(Implementation)s 4239 11998(of)m 4511(the)s -2589 11595(Lout)m 3141(Document)s 4250(F)s 6(ormatting)k 5468(Language)s -240 fnt3 3630 11097(J)m 6(ef)k 4(fr)k 8(e)k 7(y)k +240 fnt2 2897 12401(The)m 3352(Design)s 4099(and)s 4540(Implementation)s +4239 11998(of)m 4511(the)s 2589 11595(Lout)m 3141(Document)s 4250(F)s 6(ormatting)k +5468(Language)s 240 fnt3 3630 11097(J)m 6(ef)k 4(fr)k 8(e)k 7(y)k 4310(H.)s 4577(Kingston)s 240 fnt1 2551 10596(Basser)m 3248(Department)s 4436(of)s 4707(Computer)s 5724(Science,)s 3007 10308(The)m 3435(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 4489(of)s 4760(Sydne)s 3(y)k 5530(2006,)s 4095 10020(Australia)m @@ -1691,8 +1715,8 @@ grestore 0 6105(the)m 343(ele)s 3(g)k 1(ance)k 1225(of)s 1491(e)s 3(xpression)k 2562(found)s 3174(in)s 3411(programming)s 4761(languages)s 5763(lik)s 2(e)k 6170(Algol-)s 6783(60)s -7072(and)s 7471(P)s 3(ascal.)k 8236(This)s 8706(em)s -8998(-)s 0 5817(phasis)m 638(on)s 924(e)s 3(xpressi)k 6(v)k 3(eness)k +7072(and)s 7471(P)s 3(ascal.)k 8236(This)s 8706(em-)s +0 5817(phasis)m 638(on)s 924(e)s 3(xpressi)k 6(v)k 3(eness)k 2373(has)s 2731(produced)s 3669(an)s 3941(order)s 4493(of)s 4753(magnitude)s 5808(reduction)s 6757(in)s 6988(the)s 7325(cost)s 7759(of)s 8018(de)s 6(v)k 3(eloping)k 0 5529(document)m @@ -1715,18 +1739,17 @@ grestore 8442(a)s 8602(form)s 0 4003(accessible)m 1035(to)s 1286(non-)s 1714(e)s 3(xpert)k 2380(users.)s 3047(The)s 3487(features)s 4305(include)s 5076(rotation)s 5888(and)s 6304(scaling,)s 7100(fonts,)s -7697(paragraph)s 8722(and)s 0 3715(page)m 500(breaking,)s 1436(displays)s -2263(and)s 2659(lists,)s 3141(\210oating)s 3917(\207gures)s 4611(and)s -5007(tables,)s 5662(footnotes,)s 6651(chapters)s 7490(and)s 7886(sections)s -8698(\(au)s 8998(-)s 0 3427(tomatically)m 1128(numbered\),)s 2272(running)s -3070(page)s 3579(headers)s 4361(and)s 4765(footers,)s 5536(odd-)s -5964(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 6464(page)s 6973(layouts,)s -7772(automatically)s 0 3139(generated)m 975(tables)s 1570(of)s 1829(contents,)s -2720(sorted)s 3350(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es)k 4113(and)s -4505(reference)s 5435(lists,)s 5914(bibliographic)s 7229(and)s 7621(other)s -8159(databases)s 0 2851(\(including)m 1038(databases)s 2008(of)s 2281(formats)s -3064(for)s 3405(printing)s 4217(references\),)s 5386(equations,)s 6412(tables,)s -7079(diagrams,)s 8065(formatting)s 0 2563(of)m 271(P)s 3(ascal)k +7697(paragraph)s 8722(and)s 0 3715(page)m 500(breaking,)s 1435(displays)s +2262(and)s 2657(lists,)s 3139(\210oating)s 3915(\207gures)s 4608(and)s +5004(tables,)s 5659(footnotes,)s 6647(chapters)s 7486(and)s 7881(sections)s +8693(\(au-)s 0 3427(tomatically)m 1128(numbered\),)s 2272(running)s 3070(page)s +3579(headers)s 4361(and)s 4765(footers,)s 5536(odd-)s 5964(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +6464(page)s 6973(layouts,)s 7772(automatically)s 0 3139(generated)m 975(tables)s +1570(of)s 1829(contents,)s 2720(sorted)s 3350(inde)s 3(x)k 3(es)k +4113(and)s 4505(reference)s 5435(lists,)s 5914(bibliographic)s 7229(and)s +7621(other)s 8159(databases)s 0 2851(\(including)m 1038(databases)s 2008(of)s +2281(formats)s 3064(for)s 3405(printing)s 4217(references\),)s 5386(equations,)s +6412(tables,)s 7079(diagrams,)s 8065(formatting)s 0 2563(of)m 271(P)s 3(ascal)k 933(programs,)s 1943(and)s 2347(automatically)s 3701(maintained)s 4821(cross)s 5363(references.)s 480 2189(This)m 1015(paper)s 1666(charts)s 2347(the)s 2755(e)s 6(v)k 4(olution)k 3766(of)s 4097(Lout)s @@ -1753,7 +1776,10 @@ grestore 67 42(PostScript)m 900(is)s 1068(a)s 1201(trademark)s 2024(of)s 2240(Adobe)s 2796(Systems,)s 3519(Incorporated.)s grestore -0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +gsave +1417 -15423 translate +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave 1 LoutMargSet grestore @@ -1763,6 +1789,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -1797,10 +1825,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5765 -1579(-)m 5893(2)s -6067(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5765 -1579(-)m 5893(2)s 6067(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13256(further)m 709(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ement.)k @@ -1814,15 +1848,15 @@ grestore 872(or)s 4(g)k 1(anize)k 1740(the)s 2082(lo)s 6(w-)k 2503(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 3006(operations,)s 4103(resulting)s 4986(in)s 5223(a)s 5383(more)s 5923(succinct)s 6760(e)s 3(xpression)k -7831(of)s 8096(their)s 8586(com)s 8998(-)s 0 11411(mon)m -475(combinations)s 1806(at)s 2030(the)s 2369(cost)s 2805(of)s -3068(some)s 3620(loss)s 4034(of)s 4297(detailed)s 5102(control.)s -5934(The)s 6354(early)s 6876(part)s 7298(of)s 7561(the)s -7900(Lout)s 8403(project)s 0 11123(w)m 2(as)k 426(spent)s -996(in)s 1245(the)s 1598(de)s 6(v)k 3(elopment)k -2891(of)s 3167(such)s 3668(an)s 3957(abstraction)s 5067(for)s -5411(the)s 5764(b)s 4(uilding)k 6616(blocks)s 7298(of)s -7574(documents,)s 8724(one)s 0 10835(which)m 635(could)s 1217(e)s 3(xplain,)k +7831(of)s 8096(their)s 8586(com-)s 0 11411(mon)m 475(combinations)s +1806(at)s 2030(the)s 2369(cost)s 2805(of)s 3068(some)s +3620(loss)s 4034(of)s 4297(detailed)s 5102(control.)s 5934(The)s +6354(early)s 6876(part)s 7298(of)s 7561(the)s 7900(Lout)s +8403(project)s 0 11123(w)m 2(as)k 426(spent)s 996(in)s +1245(the)s 1598(de)s 6(v)k 3(elopment)k 2891(of)s +3167(such)s 3668(an)s 3957(abstraction)s 5067(for)s 5411(the)s +5764(b)s 4(uilding)k 6616(blocks)s 7298(of)s 7574(documents,)s +8724(one)s 0 10835(which)m 635(could)s 1217(e)s 3(xplain,)k 2017(not)s 2375(just)s 2772(the)s 3113(simple)s 3798(phenomena)s 4954(of)s 5217(w)s 2(ords,)k 5899(lines,)s 6450(and)s 6846(paragraphs,)s 7994(b)s 4(ut)k 8348(also)s 8778(the)s @@ -1872,15 +1906,15 @@ grestore 7442(This)s 7950(approach)s 8916(is)s 0 5017(common)m 905(in)s 1158(algebra)s 1931(and)s 2345(programming)s 3710(languages,)s 4785(where)s 5435(its)s 5721(simplicity)s 6740(and)s 7154(e)s 3(xpressi)k 6(v)k 3(eness)k -8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 4729(long)m 478(been)s -986(appreciated;)s 2198(b)s 4(ut)k 2559(Eqn)s 3001(w)s 2(as)k -3421(the)s 3768(\207rst)s 4198(language)s 5117(to)s 5355(demonstrate)s -6578(its)s 6853(utility)s 7476(in)s 7718(document)s 8720(for)s -8998(-)s 0 4441(matting.)m 480 4067(Each)m 1015(e)s 3(xpression)k -2092(is)s 2302(treated)s 3009(by)s 3304(Eqn)s 3747(as)s -3997(a)s 4163(rectangle)s 5094(with)s 5577(a)s 240 fnt3 -5743 4069(horizontal)m 6787(axis)s 240 fnt1 7167 4067(,)m 7274(used)s -7771(for)s 8110(alignment)s 0 3779(with)m 482(adjacent)s 1338(e)s 3(xpressions:)k +8625(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 0 4729(long)m 479(been)s +987(appreciated;)s 2199(b)s 4(ut)k 2560(Eqn)s 3002(w)s 2(as)k +3423(the)s 3770(\207rst)s 4200(language)s 5119(to)s 5357(demonstrate)s +6581(its)s 6856(utility)s 7479(in)s 7721(document)s 8724(for)s 4(-)k +0 4441(matting.)m 480 4067(Each)m 1015(e)s 3(xpression)k 2092(is)s +2302(treated)s 3009(by)s 3304(Eqn)s 3747(as)s 3997(a)s +4163(rectangle)s 5094(with)s 5577(a)s 240 fnt3 5743 4069(horizontal)m +6787(axis)s 240 fnt1 7167 4067(,)m 7274(used)s 7771(for)s +8110(alignment)s 0 3779(with)m 482(adjacent)s 1338(e)s 3(xpressions:)k 552 517 0 288 240 288 60 480 2922 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore @@ -1917,12 +1951,11 @@ grestore 425(size)s 848(and)s 1248(rendering)s 2213(of)s 2481(the)s 2825(e)s 3(xpression)k 3898(on)s 4191(the)s 4536(printed)s 5267(page)s 5771(are)s 6114(kno)s 6(wn)k 6815(only)s -7291(to)s 7526(the)s 7870(implementa)s 8998(-)s 0 2183(tion,)m -481(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k 1066(e)s 3(xplicitly)k -2022(calculated)s 3051(or)s 3313(accessed)s 4209(by)s 4506(the)s -4857(user)s 13(.)k 5409(This)s 5888(prohibition)s 7010(is)s -7223(crucial)s 7930(to)s 8172(the)s 8523(main)s 8998(-)s -0 1895(tenance)m 785(of)s 1055(the)s 1402(conte)s 3(xt-)k +7291(to)s 7526(the)s 7870(implementa-)s 0 2183(tion,)m 481(ne)s 6(v)k 3(er)k +1066(e)s 3(xplicitly)k 2021(calculated)s 3050(or)s 3312(accessed)s +4208(by)s 4505(the)s 4855(user)s 13(.)k 5407(This)s +5886(prohibition)s 7008(is)s 7221(crucial)s 7927(to)s 8169(the)s +8520(main-)s 0 1895(tenance)m 785(of)s 1055(the)s 1402(conte)s 3(xt-)k 2171(free)s 2596(property)s 3459(in)s 3701(practice.)s 4619(In)s 4874(Lout,)s 5432(for)s 5769(e)s 3(xample,)k 6682(equations,)s 7705(\207gures,)s 8462(tables,)s 0 1607(and)m 393(arbitrary)s 1256(objects)s @@ -1949,6 +1982,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -1983,13 +2018,20 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5770 -1579(-)m 5898(3)s -6062(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5770 -1579(-)m 5898(3)s 6062(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(a)m 166(rectangle:)s 1701 453 567 198 240 288 60 480 12460 LoutGr2 +0 13253(a)m 166(rectangle:)s +1701 453 567 198 240 288 60 480 12460 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 1701 453 567 198 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 @@ -2017,15 +2059,15 @@ end end restore grestore end end restore grestore -0 12007(The)m 442(horizontal)s -1481(axis,)s 1987(called)s 2630(a)s 240 fnt3 2810 12009(r)m 10(ow)k -3244(mark)s 240 fnt1 3814 12007(in)m 4072(Lout,)s 4645(has)s -5030(a)s 5210(v)s 3(ertical)k 5992(analogue)s 6926(called)s -7569(a)s 240 fnt3 7749 12009(column)m 8523(mark)s 240 fnt1 -9019 12007(,)m 0 11719(creating)m 822(a)s 988(v)s 6(aluable)k -1848(symmetry)s 2857(between)s 3711(horizontal)s 4735(and)s 5139(v)s 3(ertical.)k -6014(Multiple)s 6893(column)s 7668(and)s 8072(ro)s 6(w)k -8491(marks)s 0 11431(are)m 347(permitted:)s 1984 1189 0 1189 240 288 60 480 9902 LoutGr2 +0 12007(The)m 442(horizontal)s 1481(axis,)s 1987(called)s 2630(a)s +240 fnt3 2810 12009(r)m 10(ow)k 3244(mark)s 240 fnt1 +3814 12007(in)m 4072(Lout,)s 4645(has)s 5030(a)s 5210(v)s 3(ertical)k +5992(analogue)s 6926(called)s 7569(a)s 240 fnt3 7749 12009(column)m +8523(mark)s 240 fnt1 9019 12007(,)m 0 11719(creating)m 822(a)s +988(v)s 6(aluable)k 1848(symmetry)s 2857(between)s 3711(horizontal)s +4735(and)s 5139(v)s 3(ertical.)k 6014(Multiple)s 6893(column)s +7668(and)s 8072(ro)s 6(w)k 8491(marks)s 0 11431(are)m +347(permitted:)s 1984 1189 0 1189 240 288 60 480 9902 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 680 453 0 453 240 288 60 0 736 LoutGr2 @@ -2118,25 +2160,25 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 9451(so)m 266(that)s -684(objects)s 1412(are)s 1759(able)s 2213(to)s 2452(represent)s -3387(tables.)s 480 9077(This)m 946(abstraction)s 2041(has)s 2401(some)s -2952(limitations,)s 4069(the)s 4407(most)s 4922(ob)s 3(vious)k -5719(being)s 6293(the)s 6631(restriction)s 7645(of)s 7906(size)s -8322(calcula)s 8998(-)s 0 8789(tions)m 507(to)s 736(rectangular)s -1860(bounding)s 2809(box)s 3(es.)k 3519(Non-)s 4000(rectangular)s -5124(and)s 5518(disconnected)s 6815(shapes)s 7494(arise)s 7990(naturally)s -8883(in)s 0 8501(\207gures)m 704(and)s 1111(in)s 1356(the)s -1707(characters)s 2727(of)s 3001(fonts;)s 3594(the)s 3944(e)s 3(xtension)k -4918(to)s 5159(them)s 5700(is)s 5912(conceptually)s 7191(straightforw)s 2(ard)k -8722(and)s 0 8213(might)m 615(help)s 1076(to)s 1311(e)s 3(xplain)k -2066(some)s 2623(\207ne)s 3034(points)s 3667(of)s 3934(layout)s -4588(such)s 5081(as)s 5327(k)s 2(erning.)k 6216(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k -7173(there)s 7702(are)s 8045(implemen)s 8998(-)s 0 7925(tation)m -599(and)s 1001(language)s 1918(design)s 2598(problems,)s 3592(particularly)s -4744(when)s 5317(\207lling)s 5939(non-)s 6367(rectangular)s 7498(shapes)s -8185(with)s 8664(te)s 3(xt,)k 0 7637(and)m 404(so)s -670(the)s 1018(author)s 1689(chose)s 2290(to)s 2529(k)s 2(eep)k +0 9451(so)m 266(that)s 684(objects)s 1412(are)s +1759(able)s 2213(to)s 2452(represent)s 3387(tables.)s 480 9077(This)m +946(abstraction)s 2041(has)s 2401(some)s 2952(limitations,)s 4069(the)s +4407(most)s 4922(ob)s 3(vious)k 5719(being)s 6293(the)s +6631(restriction)s 7645(of)s 7906(size)s 8322(calcula-)s 0 8789(tions)m +507(to)s 736(rectangular)s 1860(bounding)s 2809(box)s 3(es.)k +3519(Non-)s 4000(rectangular)s 5124(and)s 5518(disconnected)s 6815(shapes)s +7494(arise)s 7990(naturally)s 8883(in)s 0 8501(\207gures)m 704(and)s +1111(in)s 1356(the)s 1707(characters)s 2727(of)s 3001(fonts;)s +3594(the)s 3944(e)s 3(xtension)k 4918(to)s 5159(them)s +5700(is)s 5912(conceptually)s 7191(straightforw)s 2(ard)k 8722(and)s +0 8213(might)m 615(help)s 1076(to)s 1311(e)s 3(xplain)k +2065(some)s 2622(\207ne)s 3033(points)s 3665(of)s 3933(layout)s +4587(such)s 5079(as)s 5325(k)s 2(erning.)k 6214(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k +7170(there)s 7699(are)s 8042(implemen-)s 0 7925(tation)m 599(and)s +1001(language)s 1918(design)s 2598(problems,)s 3592(particularly)s 4744(when)s +5317(\207lling)s 5939(non-)s 6367(rectangular)s 7498(shapes)s 8185(with)s +8664(te)s 3(xt,)k 0 7637(and)m 404(so)s 670(the)s +1018(author)s 1689(chose)s 2290(to)s 2529(k)s 2(eep)k 3032(to)s 3271(Eqn')s 13(s)k 3867(rectangles.)s 480 7263(A)m 766(more)s 1370(fundamental)s 2676(limitation)s 3718(of)s 4045(the)s 4450(object)s 5151(abstraction)s 6312(arises)s 6963(from)s 7543(the)s @@ -2158,32 +2200,32 @@ grestore 0 5224(2.2.)m 471(Grammatical)s 1893(and)s 2334(lexical)s 3039(structur)s 4(e)k [ /Dest /LOUTlexical /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 4792(If)m 700(objects)s 1418(are)s 1755(to)s -1984(be)s 2256(constructed)s 3406(lik)s 2(e)k 3807(mathematical)s -5138(e)s 3(xpressions,)k 6348(the)s 6686(natural)s 7394(notation)s -8225(is)s 8425(a)s 8580(func)s 8998(-)s 0 4504(tional)m -599(language)s 1519(based)s 2122(on)s 2419(operators,)s 3415(as)s -3665(in)s 3908(Eqn.)s 4458(The)s 4886(grammar)s 5808(of)s -6079(Lout)s 6591(objects)s 7319(is)s 7529(accordingly)s 240 fnt4 -1332 3945(\256)m 1332 3612(\256)m 1332 3279(\256)m 1332 2995(\256)m 1332 2662(\256)m -1332 2368(\256)m 1332 2035(\256)m 1332 1751(\256)m 240 fnt3 480 3953(object)m -1826(object)s 2498(in\207xop)s 3227(object)s 1826 3620(pr)m 8(e\207xop)k -2680(object)s 1826 3287(object)m 2498(post\207xop)s 1826 3003(nopar)m 2(sop)k -1826 2670(liter)m 3(alwor)k 8(d)k 220 fnt5 1826 2371({)m -240 fnt3 1974 2376(object)m 220 fnt5 2646 2371(})m 240 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3804(mathematical)s +5134(e)s 3(xpressions,)k 6344(the)s 6681(natural)s 7388(notation)s +8219(is)s 8418(a)s 8573(func-)s 0 4504(tional)m 599(language)s +1519(based)s 2122(on)s 2419(operators,)s 3415(as)s 3665(in)s +3908(Eqn.)s 4458(The)s 4886(grammar)s 5808(of)s 6079(Lout)s +6591(objects)s 7319(is)s 7529(accordingly)s 240 fnt4 1332 3945(\256)m +1332 3612(\256)m 1332 3279(\256)m 1332 2995(\256)m 1332 2662(\256)m 1332 2368(\256)m +1332 2035(\256)m 1332 1751(\256)m 240 fnt3 480 3953(object)m 1826(object)s +2498(in\207xop)s 3227(object)s 1826 3620(pr)m 8(e\207xop)k 2680(object)s +1826 3287(object)m 2498(post\207xop)s 1826 3003(nopar)m 2(sop)k 1826 2670(liter)m 3(alwor)k 8(d)k +220 fnt5 1826 2371({)m 240 fnt3 1974 2376(object)m 220 fnt5 +2646 2371(})m 240 fnt3 1826 2043(object)m 2498(object)s 240 fnt1 +0 1248(where)m 240 fnt3 640 1250(in\207xop)m 240 fnt1 1285 1248(,)m +240 fnt3 1391 1250(pr)m 8(e\207xop)k 240 fnt1 2161 1248(,)m +240 fnt3 2267 1250(post\207xop)m 240 fnt1 3125 1248(,)m 3232(and)s +240 fnt3 3635 1250(nopar)m 2(sop)k 240 fnt1 4591 1248(are)m +4938(identi\207ers)s 5943(naming)s 6713(operators)s 7653(which)s 8294(tak)s 2(e)k +8745(0,)s 8971(1)s 0 960(or)m 255(2)s 424(parameters,)s +1573(as)s 1819(sho)s 6(wn,)k 2541(and)s 240 fnt3 +2940 962(liter)m 3(alwor)k 8(d)k 240 fnt1 4067 960(is)m +4272(a)s 4433(sequence)s 5362(of)s 5628(non-space)s 6649(characters,)s +7719(or)s 7973(an)s 8251(arbitrary)s 0 672(sequence)m 969(of)s +1276(characters)s 2330(enclosed)s 3262(in)s 3541(double)s 4285(quotes.)s +5110(Ambiguities)s 6380(are)s 6763(resolv)s 3(ed)k 7664(by)s +7995(precedence)s 0 384(and)m 404(associati)s 6(vity)k 15(.)k grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 @@ -2196,6 +2238,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2227,26 +2271,32 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5765 -1579(-)m 5893(4)s -6067(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5765 -1579(-)m 5893(4)s 6067(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13256(The)m 941(last)s 1366(production)s 2494(allo)s 6(ws)k -3197(a)s 3397(meaning)s 4307(for)s 4679(e)s 3(xpressions)k -5877(such)s 6407(as)s 220 fnt5 6691 13253({})m 240 fnt1 -6828 13256(,)m 6968(in)s 7245(which)s 7921(an)s 8238(object)s -8916(is)s 0 12968(missing.)m 907(The)s 1333(v)s 6(alue)k -1899(of)s 2168(this)s 240 fnt3 2562 12970(empty)m 3187(object)s -240 fnt1 3833 12968(is)m 4041(a)s 4205(rectangle)s 5135(of)s -5404(size)s 5829(0)s 6002(by)s 6294(0,)s 6519(with)s -6999(one)s 7399(column)s 8172(mark)s 8722(and)s 0 12680(one)m -402(ro)s 6(w)k 822(mark,)s 1420(that)s 1838(prints)s -2433(as)s 2683(nothing.)s 480 12306(The)m 938(second-last)s 2103(production)s -3227(generates)s 4210(sequences)s 5261(of)s 5562(arbitrary)s 6467(objects)s -7225(separated)s 8215(by)s 8539(white)s 0 12018(space,)m 671(called)s -240 fnt3 1333 12020(par)m 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k +480 13256(The)m 941(last)s +1366(production)s 2494(allo)s 6(ws)k 3197(a)s 3397(meaning)s +4307(for)s 4679(e)s 3(xpressions)k 5877(such)s 6407(as)s +220 fnt5 6691 13253({})m 240 fnt1 6828 13256(,)m 6968(in)s +7245(which)s 7921(an)s 8238(object)s 8916(is)s 0 12968(missing.)m +907(The)s 1333(v)s 6(alue)k 1899(of)s 2168(this)s +240 fnt3 2562 12970(empty)m 3187(object)s 240 fnt1 3833 12968(is)m +4041(a)s 4205(rectangle)s 5135(of)s 5404(size)s 5829(0)s +6002(by)s 6294(0,)s 6519(with)s 6999(one)s 7399(column)s +8172(mark)s 8722(and)s 0 12680(one)m 402(ro)s 6(w)k +822(mark,)s 1420(that)s 1838(prints)s 2433(as)s 2683(nothing.)s +480 12306(The)m 938(second-last)s 2103(production)s 3227(generates)s 4210(sequences)s +5261(of)s 5562(arbitrary)s 6467(objects)s 7225(separated)s 8215(by)s +8539(white)s 0 12018(space,)m 671(called)s 240 fnt3 1333 12020(par)m 3(a)k 2(gr)k 3(aphs)k 240 fnt1 2439 12018(.)m 2636(Ignoring)s 3547(paragraph)s 4593(breaking)s 5517(for)s 5888(no)s 6(w)k 15(,)k 6421(the)s 6802(natural)s 7554(meaning)s 8464(is)s 8708(that)s 0 11730(the)m @@ -2374,6 +2424,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2405,48 +2457,54 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5769 -1582(-)m 5897(5)s -6063(-)s 9066 13413 0 13413 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5769 -1582(-)m 5897(5)s 6063(-)s 9066 13413 0 13413 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt3 266 13217(object)m 220 fnt5 974 13212(/)m -240 fnt3 1038 13217(gap)m 1511(object)s 240 fnt1 3816 13215(V)m 26(ertical)k -4613(concatenation)s 5998(with)s 6480(mark)s 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4448(paragraphs)s 5548(of)s 240 fnt3 5819 10913(object)m +240 fnt1 6467 10911(in)m 6710(nominated)s 7778(style)s 240 fnt3 +266 10625(spacestyle)m 220 fnt5 1361 10620(@Space)m 240 fnt3 2318 10625(object)m +240 fnt1 3816 10623(Render)m 4567(spaces)s 5242(between)s 6096(w)s 2(ords)k +6730(in)s 6973(nominated)s 8041(style)s 240 fnt3 266 10337(length)m +220 fnt5 979 10332(@Wide)m 240 fnt3 1813 10337(object)m 240 fnt1 +3816 10335(Render)m 240 fnt3 4567 10337(object)m 240 fnt1 5215 10335(to)m +5454(width)s 240 fnt3 6056 10337(length)m 266 10049(length)m 220 fnt5 +979 10044(@High)m 240 fnt3 1758 10049(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 10047(Render)m +240 fnt3 4567 10049(object)m 240 fnt1 5215 10047(to)m 5454(height)s +240 fnt3 6112 10049(length)m 220 fnt5 266 9756(@HExpand)m 240 fnt3 +1499 9761(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 9759(Expand)m 4606(horizontal)s 5630(g)s 1(aps)k 6119(to)s 6358(\207ll)s 6678(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 7586(space)s 220 fnt5 266 9468(@VExpand)m 240 fnt3 1487 9473(object)m 240 fnt1 3816 9471(Expand)m 4606(v)s 3(ertical)k 5373(g)s 1(aps)k @@ -2591,6 +2649,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2618,13 +2678,20 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5765 -1581(-)m 5893(6)s -6066(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5765 -1581(-)m 5893(6)s 6066(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(produces)m 915(the)s 1263(object)s 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 480 12746 LoutGr2 +0 13251(produces)m 915(the)s +1263(object)s 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 480 12746 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore 875 165 0 56 240 288 60 0 0 LoutGr2 @@ -2641,8 +2708,7 @@ grestore xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -0 2(Australia)m - +0 2(Australia)m grestore grestore @@ -2671,16 +2737,17 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 11986(with)m 482(column)s 1257(marks)s 1892(mer)s 4(ged)k -2663(and)s 3067(a)s 3233(0.1)s 3568(inch)s 4037(g)s 1(ap.)k -480 11612(Consider)m 1404(no)s 6(w)k 1865(what)s 2390(happens)s -3226(when)s 3802(horizontal)s 4826(and)s 5230(v)s 3(ertical)k -5997(are)s 6344(combined:)s 220 fnt5 1000 11111({)m 1186(USA)s -2442(|0.2i)s 2958(A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 3919(})s -480 10823(/0.1i)m 1000({)s 1186(W)s 8(ashington)k 2442(|)s -2958(Canberr)s 2(a)k 3987(})s 240 fnt1 0 10324(The)m -445(tw)s 2(o)k 872(parameters)s 1987(of)s 220 fnt5 -2275 10321(/)m 240 fnt1 2416 10324(no)m 6(w)k 2895(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +0 11986(with)m 482(column)s +1257(marks)s 1892(mer)s 4(ged)k 2663(and)s 3067(a)s +3233(0.1)s 3568(inch)s 4037(g)s 1(ap.)k 480 11612(Consider)m +1404(no)s 6(w)k 1865(what)s 2390(happens)s 3226(when)s +3802(horizontal)s 4826(and)s 5230(v)s 3(ertical)k 5997(are)s +6344(combined:)s 220 fnt5 1000 11111({)m 1186(USA)s 2442(|0.2i)s +2958(A)s 6(ustr)k 2(alia)k 3919(})s 480 10823(/0.1i)m +1000({)s 1186(W)s 8(ashington)k 2442(|)s 2958(Canberr)s 2(a)k +3987(})s 240 fnt1 0 10324(The)m 445(tw)s 2(o)k +872(parameters)s 1987(of)s 220 fnt5 2275 10321(/)m 240 fnt1 +2416 10324(no)m 6(w)k 2895(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 3413(tw)s 2(o)k 3840(column)s 4632(marks)s 5284(each,)s 5846(and)s 6268(the)s 3(y)k 6748(will)s 7191(be)s 7490(mer)s 4(ged)k 8278(with)s 8778(the)s 0 10036(corresponding)m @@ -2912,6 +2979,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -2946,19 +3015,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5768 -1575(-)m 5896(7)s -6064(-)s 9066 13422 0 13422 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5768 -1575(-)m 5896(7)s 6064(-)s 9066 13422 0 13422 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore 6693 8221 0 8221 240 288 60 1186 5201 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore -0 7447(Edge-to-edge)m 220 fnt5 1786 7444(|)m 240 fnt3 -1843 7449(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 7444(e)m 240 fnt1 0 6238(Hyphenation)m -220 fnt5 1786 6235(|)m 240 fnt3 1843 6240(length)m 220 fnt5 -2456 6235(h)m 240 fnt1 0 5029(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k +0 7447(Edge-to-edge)m 220 fnt5 +1786 7444(|)m 240 fnt3 1843 7449(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 7444(e)m +240 fnt1 0 6238(Hyphenation)m 220 fnt5 1786 6235(|)m 240 fnt3 +1843 6240(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 6235(h)m 240 fnt1 0 5029(Ov)m 3(erstrik)k 2(e)k 220 fnt5 1786 5026(|)m 240 fnt3 1843 5031(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 5026(o)m 240 fnt1 0 3820(Mark-to-mark)m 220 fnt5 1786 3817(|)m 240 fnt3 1843 3822(length)m 220 fnt5 2456 3817(x)m 240 fnt1 @@ -4060,6 +4135,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4094,18 +4171,25 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5768 -1579(-)m 5896(8)s -6063(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5768 -1579(-)m 5896(8)s 6063(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(sho)m 6(wing)k 883(that)s 1325(spanning)s -2267(columns)s 3153(in)s 3420(tables)s 4052(moti)s 6(v)k 6(ate)k -4956(the)s 5328(inclusion)s 6286(of)s 6581(this)s 7001(operator)s 13(.)k -7972(There)s 8609(is)s 8843(an)s 0 12965(analogous)m 220 fnt5 -1029 12962(||)m 240 fnt1 1191 12965(operator)m 13(.)k 2145(The)s -2581(author)s 3259(w)s 2(ould)k 3922(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +0 13253(sho)m 6(wing)k +883(that)s 1325(spanning)s 2267(columns)s 3153(in)s 3420(tables)s +4052(moti)s 6(v)k 6(ate)k 4956(the)s 5328(inclusion)s +6286(of)s 6581(this)s 7001(operator)s 13(.)k 7972(There)s +8609(is)s 8843(an)s 0 12965(analogous)m 220 fnt5 1029 12962(||)m +240 fnt1 1191 12965(operator)m 13(.)k 2145(The)s 2581(author)s +3259(w)s 2(ould)k 3922(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 4430(preferred)s 5370(to)s 5616(lea)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6177(out)s 6550(these)s 7105(operators,)s 8108(since)s 8663(the)s 3(y)k 0 12677(complicate)m 1104(the)s 1452(implementation,)s 3059(and)s 3463(it)s @@ -4809,6 +4893,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -4839,16 +4925,22 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5766 -1579(-)m 5894(9)s -6065(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5766 -1579(-)m 5894(9)s 6065(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(to)m 239(mak)s 2(e)k 811(manifest)s -1693(their)s 2190(associati)s 6(vity)k 3432(and)s 3836(reduce)s -4529(the)s 4877(depth)s 5466(of)s 5737(the)s 6085(tree)s -6498(for)s 6836(ef\207cienc)s 3(y)k 7829(later)s 13(.)k +0 13251(to)m 239(mak)s 2(e)k +811(manifest)s 1693(their)s 2190(associati)s 6(vity)k 3432(and)s +3836(reduce)s 4529(the)s 4877(depth)s 5466(of)s 5737(the)s +6085(tree)s 6498(for)s 6836(ef\207cienc)s 3(y)k 7829(later)s 13(.)k 480 12877(The)m 970(required)s 1887(semantic)s 2851(information)s 4099(is)s 4371(the)s 4782(size)s 5271(of)s 5605(each)s 6162(subobject,)s 7249(consisting)s 8334(of)s 8668(four)s 0 12589(inte)m 3(gers:)k @@ -5199,6 +5291,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5225,57 +5319,64 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5704 -1579(-)m 5832(10)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5704 -1579(-)m 5832(10)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(is)m 240 fnt4 480 12745([)m 240 fnt3 -563 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 1177 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 1261 12753(a)m -240 fnt4 1388 12745(\))m 1538(\255)s 240 fnt3 1759 12753(height)m -240 fnt4 2373 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 2457 12753(b)m 240 fnt4 -2583 12745(\))m 2661(])s 2792(+)s 2993([)s 240 fnt3 -3076 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 3690 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 3774 12753(c)m -240 fnt4 3888 12745(\))m 4038(\255)s 240 fnt3 4259 12753(height)m -240 fnt4 4873 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 4957 12753(d)m 240 fnt4 -5095 12745(\))m 5173(])s 240 fnt1 0 12249(which)m 642(is)s -852(correct,)s 1621(b)s 4(ut)k 1983(for)s 2321(width)s -2923(the)s 3(y)k 3386(yield)s 240 fnt4 480 11691([)m -240 fnt3 563 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 1102 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 -1186 11699(a)m 240 fnt4 1313 11691(\))m 1451(+)s 240 fnt3 -1652 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 2191 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 2275 11699(b)m -240 fnt4 2401 11691(\))m 2479(])s 2622(\255)s 2843([)s -240 fnt3 2926 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 3465 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 -3549 11699(c)m 240 fnt4 3663 11691(\))m 3801(+)s 240 fnt3 -4002 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 4541 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 4625 11699(d)m -240 fnt4 4763 11691(\))m 4841(])s 240 fnt1 0 11195(which)m -645(is)s 859(not,)s 1276(since)s 1827(it)s 2023(does)s -2517(not)s 2887(tak)s 2(e)k 3343(the)s 3694(mer)s 4(ging)k -4544(of)s 4819(column)s 5598(marks)s 6237(into)s 6666(account.)s -7578(The)s 8010(asymmetry)s 0 10907(between)m 874(horizontal)s 1918(and)s -2342(v)s 3(ertical)k 3130(has)s 3520(come)s 4114(about)s -4726(because)s 5560(the)s 5928(ro)s 6(w)k 6368(entries,)s -7131(such)s 7648(as)s 240 fnt3 7918 10909(a)m 240 fnt1 -8113 10907(and)m 240 fnt3 8537 10909(b)m 240 fnt1 8651 10907(,)m -8779(are)s 0 10619(adjacent)m 849(in)s 1085(the)s 1426(tree,)s -1883(b)s 4(ut)k 2238(the)s 2579(column)s 3346(entries,)s -4082(such)s 4571(as)s 240 fnt3 4814 10621(a)m 240 fnt1 -4982 10619(and)m 240 fnt3 5379 10621(c)m 240 fnt1 5481 10619(,)m -5581(are)s 5920(not.)s 6383(It)s 6581(w)s 2(ould)k -7229(be)s 7504(possible)s 8337(to)s 8568(solv)s 3(e)k -0 10331(this)m 395(cross-linking)s 1694(problem)s 2550(by)s 2842(augmenting)s -4024(the)s 4370(size)s 4795(information)s 5979(stored)s 6619(in)s -6861(each)s 7354(node)s 7875(to)s 8112(record)s 8778(the)s -0 10043(number)m 791(of)s 1063(marks)s 1698(and)s 2103(the)s -2451(size)s 2879(of)s 3150(each,)s 3696(b)s 4(ut)k -4058(the)s 4407(author)s 5078(has)s 5449(preferred)s 6381(the)s -6730(follo)s 6(wing)k 7707(method)s 8484(which)s 0 9755(mak)m 2(es)k -660(structural)s 1616(changes)s 2438(to)s 2677(the)s 3025(tree)s -3438(instead.)s 480 9381(If)m 240 fnt3 715 9383(a)m 240 fnt1 -896 9381(and)m 240 fnt3 1305 9383(c)m 240 fnt1 1473 9381(share)m -2038(a)s 2210(column)s 2990(mark,)s 3594(the)s 3(y)k -4063(each)s 4563(might)s 5187(as)s 5442(well)s 5914(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +0 13253(is)m 240 fnt4 +480 12745([)m 240 fnt3 563 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 1177 12745(\()m +240 fnt3 1261 12753(a)m 240 fnt4 1388 12745(\))m 1538(\255)s +240 fnt3 1759 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 2373 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 +2457 12753(b)m 240 fnt4 2583 12745(\))m 2661(])s 2792(+)s +2993([)s 240 fnt3 3076 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 3690 12745(\()m +240 fnt3 3774 12753(c)m 240 fnt4 3888 12745(\))m 4038(\255)s +240 fnt3 4259 12753(height)m 240 fnt4 4873 12745(\()m 240 fnt3 +4957 12753(d)m 240 fnt4 5095 12745(\))m 5173(])s 240 fnt1 +0 12249(which)m 642(is)s 852(correct,)s 1621(b)s 4(ut)k +1983(for)s 2321(width)s 2923(the)s 3(y)k 3386(yield)s +240 fnt4 480 11691([)m 240 fnt3 563 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 +1102 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 1186 11699(a)m 240 fnt4 1313 11691(\))m +1451(+)s 240 fnt3 1652 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 2191 11691(\()m +240 fnt3 2275 11699(b)m 240 fnt4 2401 11691(\))m 2479(])s +2622(\255)s 2843([)s 240 fnt3 2926 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 +3465 11691(\()m 240 fnt3 3549 11699(c)m 240 fnt4 3663 11691(\))m +3801(+)s 240 fnt3 4002 11699(width)m 240 fnt4 4541 11691(\()m +240 fnt3 4625 11699(d)m 240 fnt4 4763 11691(\))m 4841(])s +240 fnt1 0 11195(which)m 645(is)s 859(not,)s 1276(since)s +1827(it)s 2023(does)s 2517(not)s 2887(tak)s 2(e)k +3343(the)s 3694(mer)s 4(ging)k 4544(of)s 4819(column)s +5598(marks)s 6237(into)s 6666(account.)s 7578(The)s 8010(asymmetry)s +0 10907(between)m 874(horizontal)s 1918(and)s 2342(v)s 3(ertical)k +3130(has)s 3520(come)s 4114(about)s 4726(because)s 5560(the)s +5928(ro)s 6(w)k 6368(entries,)s 7131(such)s 7648(as)s +240 fnt3 7918 10909(a)m 240 fnt1 8113 10907(and)m 240 fnt3 +8537 10909(b)m 240 fnt1 8651 10907(,)m 8779(are)s 0 10619(adjacent)m +849(in)s 1085(the)s 1426(tree,)s 1883(b)s 4(ut)k +2238(the)s 2579(column)s 3346(entries,)s 4082(such)s 4571(as)s +240 fnt3 4814 10621(a)m 240 fnt1 4982 10619(and)m 240 fnt3 +5379 10621(c)m 240 fnt1 5481 10619(,)m 5581(are)s 5920(not.)s +6383(It)s 6581(w)s 2(ould)k 7229(be)s 7504(possible)s +8337(to)s 8568(solv)s 3(e)k 0 10331(this)m 395(cross-linking)s +1694(problem)s 2550(by)s 2842(augmenting)s 4024(the)s 4370(size)s +4795(information)s 5979(stored)s 6619(in)s 6861(each)s 7354(node)s +7875(to)s 8112(record)s 8778(the)s 0 10043(number)m 791(of)s +1063(marks)s 1698(and)s 2103(the)s 2451(size)s 2879(of)s +3150(each,)s 3696(b)s 4(ut)k 4058(the)s 4407(author)s +5078(has)s 5449(preferred)s 6381(the)s 6730(follo)s 6(wing)k +7707(method)s 8484(which)s 0 9755(mak)m 2(es)k 660(structural)s +1616(changes)s 2438(to)s 2677(the)s 3025(tree)s 3438(instead.)s +480 9381(If)m 240 fnt3 715 9383(a)m 240 fnt1 896 9381(and)m +240 fnt3 1305 9383(c)m 240 fnt1 1473 9381(share)m 2038(a)s +2210(column)s 2990(mark,)s 3594(the)s 3(y)k 4063(each)s +4563(might)s 5187(as)s 5442(well)s 5914(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6420(width)s 240 fnt3 7028 9383(width)m 240 fnt4 7572 9375(\()m 240 fnt3 7662 9383(a)m 240 fnt4 7795 9375(\))m 7961(\255)s 240 fnt3 8199 9383(width)m 240 fnt4 8743 9375(\()m 240 fnt3 @@ -5677,6 +5778,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -5707,10 +5810,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5714 -1579(-)m 5842(11)s -6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13363 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5714 -1579(-)m 5842(11)s 6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13363 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore gsave @@ -5728,7 +5837,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt4 136 106(\244)m +192 fnt4 +136 106(\244)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5744,8 +5854,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt4 -156 121(|)m +192 fnt4 156 121(|)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5761,7 +5870,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m +192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5777,8 +5887,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m - +192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5821,7 +5930,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 128 128(c)m +192 fnt3 +128 128(c)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5859,8 +5969,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k +192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5876,8 +5986,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 123 128(a)m - +192 fnt3 123 128(a)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5953,7 +6062,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m +192 fnt3 +56 107(SPLIT)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5969,8 +6079,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -56 107(COL)m +192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -5986,7 +6095,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 123 105(b)m +192 fnt3 123 105(b)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6013,8 +6123,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 118 105(d)m - +192 fnt3 118 105(d)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6052,7 +6161,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k +192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6068,8 +6178,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -123 128(a)m +192 fnt3 123 128(a)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6156,8 +6265,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt4 156 121(|)m - +192 fnt4 +156 121(|)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6189,7 +6298,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m +192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6205,8 +6315,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -123 128(a)m +192 fnt3 123 128(a)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6271,8 +6380,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k - +192 fnt3 +56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6288,7 +6397,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 128 128(c)m +192 fnt3 128 128(c)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6364,8 +6474,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 -56 107(SPLIT)m +192 fnt3 56 107(SPLIT)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6381,7 +6490,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(COL)m +192 fnt3 +56 107(COL)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6397,8 +6507,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 123 105(b)m - +192 fnt3 123 105(b)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6425,7 +6534,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 118 105(d)m +192 fnt3 118 105(d)m + grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6463,8 +6573,7 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigellipse ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k - +192 fnt3 56 107(R)m 7(O)k 9(W)k grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6480,7 +6589,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigcircle ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -192 fnt3 128 128(c)m +192 fnt3 +128 128(c)m grestore (T) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -6557,15 +6667,15 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 10598(In)m -244(f)s 2(act,)k 693(common)s 1576(sube)s 3(xpressions)k -3060(are)s 3395(identi\207ed)s 4343(\(tri)s 6(vially\))k 5286(and)s -5678(the)s 6013(result)s 6591(is)s 6788(a)s 6942(directed)s -7756(ac)s 3(yclic)k 8469(graph;)s 0 10310(each)m 486(af)s 6(fected)k -1296(leaf)s 1716(has)s 2076(tw)s 2(o)k 2477(parents,)s -3264(one)s 3657(for)s 3985(width)s 4578(and)s 4972(one)s -5365(for)s 5693(height;)s 6394(and)s 6788(each)s 240 fnt3 -7274 10312(COL)m 240 fnt1 7790 10310(or)m 240 fnt3 8040 10312(R)m 9(O)k 12(W)k +0 10598(In)m 244(f)s 2(act,)k +693(common)s 1576(sube)s 3(xpressions)k 3060(are)s 3395(identi\207ed)s +4343(\(tri)s 6(vially\))k 5286(and)s 5678(the)s 6013(result)s +6591(is)s 6788(a)s 6942(directed)s 7756(ac)s 3(yclic)k +8469(graph;)s 0 10310(each)m 486(af)s 6(fected)k 1296(leaf)s +1716(has)s 2076(tw)s 2(o)k 2477(parents,)s 3264(one)s +3657(for)s 3985(width)s 4578(and)s 4972(one)s 5365(for)s +5693(height;)s 6394(and)s 6788(each)s 240 fnt3 7274 10312(COL)m +240 fnt1 7790 10310(or)m 240 fnt3 8040 10312(R)m 9(O)k 12(W)k 240 fnt1 8604 10310(node)m 0 10022(has)m 360(one)s 752(parent)s 1398(and)s 1792(one)s 2184(child)s 2709(for)s 3037(each)s 3521(object)s 4155(lying)s 4690(on)s 4976(the)s 5314(corresponding)s @@ -6690,13 +6800,13 @@ grestore 2662 3918(f)m 240 fnt4 2823 3910(\))m 2973(\255)s 240 fnt3 3194 3918(width)m 240 fnt4 3733 3910(\()m 240 fnt3 3817 3918(i)m 240 fnt4 3892 3910(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s2_4_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s2_4_1 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt3 480 3367(y)m 240 fnt4 666 3359(=)m 240 fnt3 879 3367(width)m 240 fnt4 1418 3359(\()m 240 fnt3 1502 3367(d)m 240 fnt4 1688 3359(\))m 1838(\255)s 240 fnt3 2059 3367(width)m 240 fnt4 2598 3359(\()m 240 fnt3 2682 3367(g)m 240 fnt4 2808 3359(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s2_4_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s2_4_2 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt3 480 2816(z)m 240 fnt4 655 2808(=)m 240 fnt3 868 2816(width)m 240 fnt4 1407 2808(\()m 240 fnt3 1491 2816(b)m 240 fnt4 1617 2808(\))m @@ -6704,7 +6814,7 @@ grestore 240 fnt3 2611 2816(e)m 240 fnt4 2722 2808(\))m 2872(\255)s 240 fnt3 3093 2816(width)m 240 fnt4 3632 2808(\()m 240 fnt3 3716 2816(h)m 240 fnt4 3843 2808(\))m -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s2_4_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s2_4_3 /DEST pdfmark 240 fnt1 0 2312(It)m 224(seems)s 878(clear)s 1420(that)s 240 fnt3 1857 2314(y)m 240 fnt1 2038 2312(at)m 2289(least)s 2805(must)s 3349(appear)s @@ -6741,6 +6851,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -6772,23 +6884,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(12)s -6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(12)s 6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13256(the)m 349(arro)s 6(ws)k 1045(are)s -1394(required.)s 2355(After)s 2920(a)s 3087(fe)s 6(w)k +0 13256(the)m 349(arro)s 6(ws)k +1045(are)s 1394(required.)s 2355(After)s 2920(a)s 3087(fe)s 6(w)k 3494(ad-)s 3788(hoc)s 4189(attempts)s 5050(to)s 5291(e)s 3(xtend)k 5985(the)s 6334(usual)s 6896(tree)s 7310(representation)s 8722(had)s 0 12968(f)m 2(ailed,)k 665(the)s 1030(author)s 1718(de)s 6(v)k 3(eloped)k 2769(a)s 2952(representation)s 4379(based)s 5000(on)s 5314(doubly)s 6051(link)s 2(ed)k 6723(lists)s 7175(of)s 7463(records)s -8235(denoting)s 0 12680(links,)m 578(whose)s 1253(\210e)s 3(xibility)k -2240(more)s 2794(than)s 3270(compensated)s 4584(for)s 4929(the)s -5284(some)s 6(what)k 6315(e)s 3(xcessi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k -7282(memory)s 8140(consump)s 8998(-)s 0 12392(tion.)m 536(F)s 3(or)k +8235(denoting)s 0 12680(links,)m 578(whose)s 1252(\210e)s 3(xibility)k +2238(more)s 2792(than)s 3267(compensated)s 4580(for)s 4924(the)s +5279(some)s 6(what)k 6309(e)s 3(xcessi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k +7275(memory)s 8133(consump-)s 0 12392(tion.)m 536(F)s 3(or)k 925(e)s 3(xample,)k gsave 480 10526 translate 240 fnt3 3282 1526 0 1470 240 288 12 LoutGraphic @@ -7450,6 +7568,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7477,27 +7597,33 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5710 -1579(-)m 5838(13)s -6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5710 -1579(-)m 5838(13)s 6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(could)m 588(not)s 952(appear)s 1647(in)s -1887(a)s 2051(v)s 6(ariety)k 2760(of)s 3028(fonts,)s -3611(column)s 4384(widths,)s 5126(etc.)s 5566(This)s 6040(in\210uence)s -6970(cannot)s 7666(tak)s 2(e)k 8116(the)s 8461(purely)s -0 12965(static)m 569(form)s 1106(that)s 1538(block-structured)s 3175(languages)s -4196(use)s 4585(to)s 4837(associate)s 5769(v)s 6(alues)k -6438(with)s 6933(identi\207ers,)s 8009(for)s 8360(then)s 8843(an)s -0 12677(operator)m 850(could)s 1434(not)s 1794(in\210uence)s 2721(the)s -3063(appearance)s 4188(of)s 4453(its)s 4723(parameters;)s 5876(and)s -6274(a)s 6434(state)s 6921(v)s 6(ariable)k 7734(solution)s -8556(is)s 8760(not)s 0 12389(compatible)m 1118(with)s 1600(the)s -1948(o)s 3(v)k 3(erall)k 2660(functional)s 3684(design.)s -480 12015(The)m 914(information)s 2105(needed)s 2848(from)s 3378(the)s -3733(conte)s 3(xt)k 4500(seems)s 5141(quite)s 5682(limited,)s -6471(comprising)s 7607(the)s 7961(font)s 8413(f)s 2(amily)k 15(,)k +0 13253(could)m 588(not)s +952(appear)s 1647(in)s 1887(a)s 2051(v)s 6(ariety)k +2760(of)s 3028(fonts,)s 3611(column)s 4384(widths,)s 5126(etc.)s +5566(This)s 6040(in\210uence)s 6970(cannot)s 7666(tak)s 2(e)k +8116(the)s 8461(purely)s 0 12965(static)m 569(form)s 1106(that)s +1538(block-structured)s 3175(languages)s 4196(use)s 4585(to)s 4837(associate)s +5769(v)s 6(alues)k 6438(with)s 6933(identi\207ers,)s 8009(for)s +8360(then)s 8843(an)s 0 12677(operator)m 850(could)s 1434(not)s +1794(in\210uence)s 2721(the)s 3063(appearance)s 4188(of)s 4453(its)s +4723(parameters;)s 5876(and)s 6274(a)s 6434(state)s 6921(v)s 6(ariable)k +7734(solution)s 8556(is)s 8760(not)s 0 12389(compatible)m 1118(with)s +1600(the)s 1948(o)s 3(v)k 3(erall)k 2660(functional)s +3684(design.)s 480 12015(The)m 914(information)s 2105(needed)s 2848(from)s +3378(the)s 3733(conte)s 3(xt)k 4500(seems)s 5141(quite)s +5682(limited,)s 6471(comprising)s 7607(the)s 7961(font)s 8413(f)s 2(amily)k 15(,)k 0 11727(f)m 2(ace,)k 525(and)s 952(size)s 1402(to)s 1664(use,)s 2114(the)s 2485(style)s 3015(of)s 3309(paragraph)s 4345(breaking)s 5259(required,)s 6185(ho)s 6(w)k 6669(much)s @@ -7589,6 +7715,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7619,22 +7747,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(14)s -6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(14)s 6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13256(and)m 404(breaks)s 1079(the)s 1427(remaining)s -2449(columns)s 3311(to)s 3550(equal)s 4123(width,)s 4775(using)s -5347(up)s 5640(all)s 5933(of)s 6204(the)s 6552(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k -7460(space.)s 480 12882(The)m 897(size)s 1313(of)s 1572(an)s -1844(object)s 2476(is)s 2675(not)s 3029(clearly)s 3721(determined)s -4843(when)s 5407(the)s 5744(upw)s 2(ard-mo)k 3(ving)k -7309(size)s 7725(is)s 7923(less)s 8321(than)s 8778(the)s -0 12594(do)m 6(wnw)k 2(ard-mo)k 3(ving)k 1871(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k -2786(space,)s 3431(and)s 3842(the)s 4197(object)s 4849(contains)s -5704(constructs)s 6731(that)s 7156(depend)s 7913(on)s 8218(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k +0 13256(and)m 404(breaks)s +1079(the)s 1427(remaining)s 2449(columns)s 3311(to)s 3550(equal)s +4123(width,)s 4775(using)s 5347(up)s 5640(all)s 5933(of)s +6204(the)s 6552(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 7460(space.)s +480 12882(The)m 897(size)s 1313(of)s 1572(an)s 1844(object)s +2476(is)s 2675(not)s 3029(clearly)s 3721(determined)s 4843(when)s +5407(the)s 5744(upw)s 2(ard-mo)k 3(ving)k 7309(size)s +7725(is)s 7923(less)s 8321(than)s 8778(the)s 0 12594(do)m 6(wnw)k 2(ard-mo)k 3(ving)k +1871(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 2786(space,)s 3431(and)s +3842(the)s 4197(object)s 4849(contains)s 5704(constructs)s 6731(that)s +7156(depend)s 7913(on)s 8218(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 0 12306(space)m 587(\(e.g.)s 1056(right)s 1567(justi\207cation\).)s 2938(F)s 3(or)k 3327(e)s 3(xample,)k 4241(in)s 220 fnt5 480 11805(2i @Wide { Heading // a |1r)m -8(t b })k 240 fnt1 0 11306(it)m 211(seems)s 865(natural)s 1603(to)s @@ -7727,6 +7862,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7758,13 +7895,20 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5709 -1582(-)m 5837(15)s -6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5709 -1582(-)m 5837(15)s 6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13250(the)m 348(structure)s gsave +0 13250(the)m 348(structure)s +gsave 608 12769 translate 280 fnt3 128 191 0 123 280 288 70 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -7784,8 +7928,7 @@ grestore xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -260 fnt5 -0 56(y)m +260 fnt5 0 56(y)m grestore grestore @@ -7811,18 +7954,19 @@ grestore xmark -0.3 cm xmark ysize 0 0.3 cm lfigpadd ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -260 fnt5 0 0(x)m +260 fnt5 +0 0(x)m grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 12183(b)m 4(ut)k -381(with)s 882(the)s 1249(\207rst)s 1699(ro)s 6(w)k -2138(mark)s 2709(hidden)s 3437(by)s 3751(the)s 220 fnt5 -4118 12180(@OneRo)m 3(w)k 240 fnt1 5268 12183(operator)m 9(,)k -6181(and)s 220 fnt5 6604 12180(y)m 240 fnt1 6791 12183(tw)m 2(o)k -7220(points)s 7875(smaller)s 8657(than)s 0 11895(it)m 220(w)s 2(ould)k +0 12183(b)m 4(ut)k 381(with)s 882(the)s +1249(\207rst)s 1699(ro)s 6(w)k 2138(mark)s 2709(hidden)s +3437(by)s 3751(the)s 220 fnt5 4118 12180(@OneRo)m 3(w)k +240 fnt1 5268 12183(operator)m 9(,)k 6181(and)s 220 fnt5 +6604 12180(y)m 240 fnt1 6791 12183(tw)m 2(o)k 7220(points)s +7875(smaller)s 8657(than)s 0 11895(it)m 220(w)s 2(ould)k 904(otherwise)s 1917(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2447(been.)s 3091(The)s 3548(length)s 220 fnt5 4231 11892(0.5f)m 240 fnt1 4683 11895(speci\207es)m 5585(half)s 6057(the)s 6433(current)s 7198(font)s @@ -7862,38 +8006,38 @@ grestore 0 5832(ha)m 4(v)k 3(e)k 501(a)s 667(natural)s 1385(syntax:)s 220 fnt5 480 5331(@Pref)m 6(ace)k 480 5043( @Title { About this book })m 480 4755({)m 480 4467( F)m 6(e)k 4(w obser)k -6(v)k 5(ers w)k 2(ould ha)k 4(v)k 5(e supposed in 1984, that ...)k -480 4179(})m 240 fnt1 0 3685(with)m 481(the)s 827(actual)s -1450(named)s 2145(parameters)s 3241(follo)s 6(wing)k 4216(directly)s -4998(after)s 5492(the)s 5838(operator)s 9(,)k 6731(before)s -7395(an)s 3(y)k 7790(right)s 8299(parame)s 8998(-)s -0 3397(ter)m 13(.)k 400(In)s 653(this)s 1046(e)s 3(xample,)k -220 fnt5 1958 3394(@T)m 26(ag)k 240 fnt1 2578 3397(will)m -3001(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3735(its)s 4008(def)s 2(ault)k -4726(v)s 6(alue,)k 5342(and)s 5744(a)s 5907(less)s -6313(e)s 3(xpert)k 6965(user)s 7420(could)s 8007(safely)s -8628(omit)s 0 3109(the)m 220 fnt5 348 3106(@Title)m 240 fnt1 -1036 3109(parameter)m 2050(as)s 2300(well.)s 480 2735(Lout)m 1007(permits)s -1790(named)s 2502(parameters)s 3616(to)s 3870(ha)s 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+4197(pro)s 3(vide)k 4976(a)s 5137(complete)s 6064(lambda)s +6823(calculus,)s 7708(with)s 8185(functions)s 0 1871(as)m 250(\207rst-)s +689(class)s 1204(objects,)s 1988(pro)s 3(vided)k 2894(care)s +3347(w)s 2(as)k 3768(tak)s 2(en)k 4341(not)s +4707(to)s 4946(intimidate)s 5970(the)s 6318(non-)s 6746(e)s 3(xpert)k +7400(user)s 13(.)k 240 fnt2 0 1222(3.2.)m 471(Recursion)s +1563(and)s 2004(page)s 2539(lay)s 6(out)k [ /Dest /LOUTrecursion /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 745(Design)m 1302(and)s 1794(implementation)s 3439(should)s -4223(proceed)s 5126(together)s 6057(in)s 6387(e)s 3(xploratory)k -7628(projects,)s 8579(since)s 0 457(otherwise)m 988(the)s 1340(design)s -2025(too)s 2388(easily)s 3003(becomes)s 3894(unrealistic.)s 5056(Sometimes)s -6173(the)s 6524(implementation)s 8085(does)s 8579(more)s +240 fnt1 +480 745(Design)m 1302(and)s 1794(implementation)s 3439(should)s 4223(proceed)s +5126(together)s 6057(in)s 6387(e)s 3(xploratory)k 7628(projects,)s +8579(since)s 0 457(otherwise)m 988(the)s 1340(design)s 2025(too)s +2388(easily)s 3003(becomes)s 3894(unrealistic.)s 5056(Sometimes)s 6173(the)s +6524(implementation)s 8085(does)s 8579(more)s grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet @@ -7905,6 +8049,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -7928,26 +8074,33 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1581(-)m 5833(16)s -6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1581(-)m 5833(16)s 6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(than)m 469(its)s 745(designer)s 1615(intended.)s -2603(The)s 3031(author)s 3702(wrote)s 4302(the)s 4650(follo)s 6(wing)k -5627(purely)s 6292(as)s 6542(a)s 6708(testing)s 7398(scaf)s 6(fold:)k -220 fnt5 480 12750(def @P)m 8(age r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12462({)m -480 12174( 8i @Wide 11i @High)m 480 11886( {)m 480 11598( //1i ||1i x ||1i)m 480 11310( //1i)m 480 11022( })m -480 10734(})m 240 fnt1 0 10240(Only)m 518(afterw)s 2(ards)k -1558(did)s 1906(he)s 2172(realize)s 2848(its)s 3108(signi\207cance:)s -4400(the)s 4732(concept)s 5521(of)s 5776(a)s 5926(page)s -6418(had)s 6807(been)s 7300(de\207ned)s 8047(outside)s 8778(the)s -0 9952(implementation,)m 1619(remo)s 3(ving)k 2598(the)s 2959(need)s -3481(for)s 3831(commands)s 4932(for)s 5282(setting)s 5984(page)s -6505(width)s 7119(and)s 7535(height,)s 8253(mar)s 4(gins,)k -0 9664(and)m 404(so)s 670(on.)s 480 9290(De\207ning)m 1393(a)s -1582(sequence)s 2538(of)s 2831(pages)s 3450(is)s 3683(harder)s 9(,)k +0 13251(than)m 469(its)s +745(designer)s 1615(intended.)s 2603(The)s 3031(author)s 3702(wrote)s +4302(the)s 4650(follo)s 6(wing)k 5627(purely)s 6292(as)s +6542(a)s 6708(testing)s 7398(scaf)s 6(fold:)k 220 fnt5 +480 12750(def @P)m 8(age r)k -3(ight x)k 480 12462({)m 480 12174( 8i @Wide 11i @High)m +480 11886( {)m 480 11598( //1i ||1i x ||1i)m 480 11310( //1i)m 480 11022( })m 480 10734(})m +240 fnt1 0 10240(Only)m 518(afterw)s 2(ards)k 1558(did)s +1906(he)s 2172(realize)s 2848(its)s 3108(signi\207cance:)s 4400(the)s +4732(concept)s 5521(of)s 5776(a)s 5926(page)s 6418(had)s +6807(been)s 7300(de\207ned)s 8047(outside)s 8778(the)s 0 9952(implementation,)m +1619(remo)s 3(ving)k 2598(the)s 2959(need)s 3481(for)s +3831(commands)s 4932(for)s 5282(setting)s 5984(page)s 6505(width)s +7119(and)s 7535(height,)s 8253(mar)s 4(gins,)k 0 9664(and)m +404(so)s 670(on.)s 480 9290(De\207ning)m 1393(a)s 1582(sequence)s +2538(of)s 2831(pages)s 3450(is)s 3683(harder)s 9(,)k 4414(since)s 4983(their)s 5503(number)s 6317(is)s 6550(not)s 6938(kno)s 6(wn)k 7665(in)s 7931(adv)s 6(ance.)k 8896(A)s 0 9002(simple)m 693(v)s 3(ersion)k 1451(of)s @@ -7973,18 +8126,18 @@ grestore 4530(space)s 5109(is)s 5311(not)s 5668(suf\207cient,)s 6656(delete)s 220 fnt5 7273 6420(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 8334 6423(and)m 8729(an)s 3(y)k 0 6135(preceding)m 996(space'.)s 1770(Then)s 2319(the)s 2667(e)s 3(xpression)k -220 fnt5 480 5634(4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 53 })m 240 fnt1 0 5138(will)m 417(produce)s -1234(the)s 1572(object)s 2206(sho)s 6(wn)k 2873(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e.)k -3593(It)s 3788(is)s 3988(hard)s 4461(to)s 4691(see)s -5042(ho)s 6(w)k 5493(this)s 5879(base)s 6350(could)s -6930(be)s 7202(made)s 7766(e)s 3(xplicit,)k 8576(with)s -8998(-)s 0 4850(out)m 348(violating)s 1232(the)s 1561(general)s -2301(principle)s 3187(of)s 3439(k)s 2(eeping)k 4230(all)s -4504(size)s 4912(information)s 6079(internal.)s 6953(In)s 7190(the)s -7519(implementation,)s 220 fnt5 0 4559(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 1071 4562(remains)m -1881(une)s 3(xpanded)k 3097(while)s 3686(sizes)s 4204(are)s -4554(being)s 5142(calculated;)s 6224(then)s 6696(it)s 6891(is)s -7103(treated)s 7813(similarly)s 8718(to)s 8960(a)s 0 4274(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k +220 fnt5 480 5634(4i @Wide { Chapter 7 @Leaders 53 })m 240 fnt1 0 5138(will)m 416(produce)s +1233(the)s 1571(object)s 2205(sho)s 6(wn)k 2872(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e.)k +3592(It)s 3787(is)s 3987(hard)s 4460(to)s 4689(see)s +5040(ho)s 6(w)k 5491(this)s 5877(base)s 6348(could)s +6928(be)s 7200(made)s 7764(e)s 3(xplicit,)k 8573(with-)s +0 4850(out)m 348(violating)s 1232(the)s 1561(general)s 2301(principle)s +3187(of)s 3439(k)s 2(eeping)k 4230(all)s 4504(size)s +4912(information)s 6079(internal.)s 6953(In)s 7190(the)s 7519(implementation,)s +220 fnt5 0 4559(@Leaders)m 240 fnt1 1071 4562(remains)m 1881(une)s 3(xpanded)k +3097(while)s 3686(sizes)s 4204(are)s 4554(being)s 5142(calculated;)s +6224(then)s 6696(it)s 6891(is)s 7103(treated)s 7813(similarly)s +8718(to)s 8960(a)s 0 4274(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 922(symbol,)s 1734(with)s 2216(its)s 2492(body)s 3026(as)s 3276(an)s 3559(incoming)s 4516(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5150(\(Section)s 6003(5.2\).)s 480 3900(W)m 9(ith)k 1014(this)s @@ -8011,6 +8164,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8034,10 +8189,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(17)s -6124(-)s 9066 13418 0 13418 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(17)s 6124(-)s 9066 13418 0 13418 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13255(when)m 576(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k @@ -8091,6 +8252,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8122,15 +8285,21 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(18)s -6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(18)s 6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(The)m 476(e)s 3(xpansion)k 1550(process)s -2367(is)s 2626(v)s 3(ery)k 3150(similar)s 3921(to)s -4209(a)s 4424(BNF)s 4997(deri)s 6(v)k 6(ation,)k +0 13253(The)m 476(e)s 3(xpansion)k +1550(process)s 2367(is)s 2626(v)s 3(ery)k 3150(similar)s +3921(to)s 4209(a)s 4424(BNF)s 4997(deri)s 6(v)k 6(ation,)k 6109(and)s 6562(w)s 2(ould)k 7266(be)s 7597(attempted)s 8646(only)s 0 12965(on)m 297(demand.)s 480 12591(Clearly)m 15(,)k 1276(deciding)s 2154(which)s 2797(e)s 3(xpansions)k 3910(to)s @@ -8221,6 +8390,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8244,10 +8415,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5706 -1579(-)m 5834(19)s -6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5706 -1579(-)m 5834(19)s 6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore 220 fnt5 480 13253(e)m 6(xpor)k -8(t @Heading @PP ...)k @@ -8315,6 +8492,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8346,62 +8525,69 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5704 -1579(-)m 5832(20)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13312 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5704 -1579(-)m 5832(20)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13312 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt5 480 13255(x @Open {)m 480 12967(y @Open {)m 480 12679(Body of document)m -480 12391(}})m 240 fnt1 0 11897(and,)m 453(taking)s 1104(the)s -220 fnt5 1452 11894(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 1990 11897(symbol)m 2750(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k -3372(as)s 3622(e)s 3(xample,)k 4536(we)s 4871(could)s -5461(eliminate)s 6405(its)s 6681(body)s 7215(parameter)s 9(,)k -8267(add)s 220 fnt5 480 11396(def @Body r)m -3(ight x { Slope @F)k 6(ont x })k -240 fnt1 0 10897(to)m 239(the)s 587(e)s 3(xported)k -1479(de\207nitions)s 2540(of)s 220 fnt5 2811 10894(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 -3289 10897(,)m 3396(and)s 3800(replace)s 220 fnt5 480 10396(@Eq { object })m -240 fnt1 0 9899(by)m 220 fnt5 480 9398(@Eq @Open { @Body { object } })m 240 fnt1 -0 8898(If)m 220 fnt5 232 8895(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 772 8898(is)m -985(a)s 1153(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1790(\(Section)s -2645(5.1\),)s 220 fnt5 3133 8895(@Body)m 240 fnt1 3917 8898(must)m -4444(tak)s 2(e)k 4899(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k -5380(that)s 5800(function.)s 6764(But)s 7172(one)s 7577(w)s 2(ould)k -8234(not)s 8603(w)s 2(ant)k 0 8610(to)m 253(write)s -813(these)s 1374(clumsy)s 2133(e)s 3(xpressions)k 3311(in)s -3568(practice,)s 4444(and)s 4862(the)s 5224(enclosure)s 6210(of)s -6495(lar)s 4(ge)k 7038(quantities)s 8032(of)s 8317(input)s -8883(in)s 0 8322(e)m 3(xtra)k 534(braces)s 1195(could)s -1785(cause)s 2372(Basser)s 3069(Lout)s 3581(to)s 3820(run)s -4196(out)s 4562(of)s 4833(memory)s 5684(\(Section)s 6537(5.4\).)s -480 7948(A)m 700(quite)s 1224(separate)s 2052(kind)s 2526(of)s -2786(visibility)s 3679(problem)s 4526(arises)s 5110(when)s 5676(e)s 3(xpert)k -6319(users)s 6851(wish)s 7350(to)s 7579(de\207ne)s 8210(an)s -8482(object)s 0 7660(or)m 259(operator)s 1115(for)s 1453(repeated)s -2320(use)s 2695(within,)s 3413(say)s 15(,)k 3824(equations:)s -220 fnt5 480 7161(def isum { sum from i=1 to n })m 240 fnt1 0 6667(As)m 338(it)s -551(stands)s 1221(this)s 1638(can)s 2048(only)s 2549(be)s -2852(placed)s 3555(within)s 4244(the)s 220 fnt5 4613 6664(@Eq)m -240 fnt1 5172 6667(package)m 6033(itself,)s 6637(where)s 220 fnt5 -7298 6664(sum)m 240 fnt1 7780 6667(and)m 8205(the)s 8575(other)s -0 6379(symbols)m 841(are)s 1179(visible,)s 1915(b)s 4(ut)k -2268(it)s 2451(is)s 2653(not)s 3010(desirable)s 3919(to)s -4150(modify)s 4886(the)s 5225(source)s 5897(code)s 6396(of)s -6658(a)s 6816(standard)s 7675(package.)s 8614(Lout)s 0 6091(pro)m 3(vides)k -872(an)s 220 fnt5 1155 6088(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 -1828 6091(clause)m 2481(to)s 2720(solv)s 3(e)k 3278(this)s -3674(problem:)s 220 fnt5 480 5590(impor)m -8(t @Eq)k 480 5302(def isum { sum from i=1 to n })m -240 fnt1 0 4808(may)m 469(appear)s 1169(after)s 220 fnt5 -1669 4805(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 2210 4808(is)m 2423(de\207ned,)s 3239(and)s -3646(it)s 3842(will)s 4271(mak)s 2(e)k 4846(the)s -5198(e)s 3(xported)k 6093(symbols)s 6945(of)s 220 fnt5 -7220 4805(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 7761 4808(visible)m 8458(within)s 0 4520(the)m -335(body)s 855(of)s 220 fnt5 1112 4517(isum)m 240 fnt1 -1561 4520(.)m 1711(This)s 2174(feature)s 2878(complicates)s 4056(the)s -4390(treatment)s 5337(of)s 5595(en)s 9(vironments)k 6925(\(Section)s -7764(3.4\),)s 8236(and)s 8626(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k -0 4232(introduces)m 1050(an)s 1336(insecurity)s 15(,)k 2373(when)s -220 fnt5 2952 4229(isum)m 240 fnt1 3464 4232(is)m 3677(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +220 fnt5 480 13255(x @Open {)m +480 12967(y @Open {)m 480 12679(Body of document)m 480 12391(}})m 240 fnt1 0 11897(and,)m +453(taking)s 1104(the)s 220 fnt5 1452 11894(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 +1990 11897(symbol)m 2750(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 3372(as)s +3622(e)s 3(xample,)k 4536(we)s 4871(could)s 5461(eliminate)s +6405(its)s 6681(body)s 7215(parameter)s 9(,)k 8267(add)s +220 fnt5 480 11396(def @Body r)m -3(ight x { Slope @F)k 6(ont x })k 240 fnt1 +0 10897(to)m 239(the)s 587(e)s 3(xported)k 1479(de\207nitions)s +2540(of)s 220 fnt5 2811 10894(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 3289 10897(,)m +3396(and)s 3800(replace)s 220 fnt5 480 10396(@Eq { object })m 240 fnt1 +0 9899(by)m 220 fnt5 480 9398(@Eq @Open { @Body { object } })m 240 fnt1 0 8898(If)m +220 fnt5 232 8895(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 772 8898(is)m 985(a)s +1153(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1790(\(Section)s 2645(5.1\),)s +220 fnt5 3133 8895(@Body)m 240 fnt1 3917 8898(must)m 4444(tak)s 2(e)k +4899(o)s 3(v)k 3(er)k 5380(that)s 5800(function.)s +6764(But)s 7172(one)s 7577(w)s 2(ould)k 8234(not)s +8603(w)s 2(ant)k 0 8610(to)m 253(write)s 813(these)s +1374(clumsy)s 2133(e)s 3(xpressions)k 3311(in)s 3568(practice,)s +4444(and)s 4862(the)s 5224(enclosure)s 6210(of)s 6495(lar)s 4(ge)k +7038(quantities)s 8032(of)s 8317(input)s 8883(in)s 0 8322(e)m 3(xtra)k +534(braces)s 1195(could)s 1785(cause)s 2372(Basser)s 3069(Lout)s +3581(to)s 3820(run)s 4196(out)s 4562(of)s 4833(memory)s +5684(\(Section)s 6537(5.4\).)s 480 7948(A)m 700(quite)s 1224(separate)s +2052(kind)s 2526(of)s 2786(visibility)s 3679(problem)s 4526(arises)s +5110(when)s 5676(e)s 3(xpert)k 6319(users)s 6851(wish)s +7350(to)s 7579(de\207ne)s 8210(an)s 8482(object)s 0 7660(or)m +259(operator)s 1115(for)s 1453(repeated)s 2320(use)s 2695(within,)s +3413(say)s 15(,)k 3824(equations:)s 220 fnt5 480 7161(def isum { sum from i=1 to n })m +240 fnt1 0 6667(As)m 338(it)s 551(stands)s 1221(this)s +1638(can)s 2048(only)s 2549(be)s 2852(placed)s 3555(within)s +4244(the)s 220 fnt5 4613 6664(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 5172 6667(package)m +6033(itself,)s 6637(where)s 220 fnt5 7298 6664(sum)m 240 fnt1 +7780 6667(and)m 8205(the)s 8575(other)s 0 6379(symbols)m 841(are)s +1179(visible,)s 1915(b)s 4(ut)k 2268(it)s 2451(is)s +2653(not)s 3010(desirable)s 3919(to)s 4150(modify)s 4886(the)s +5225(source)s 5897(code)s 6396(of)s 6658(a)s 6816(standard)s +7675(package.)s 8614(Lout)s 0 6091(pro)m 3(vides)k 872(an)s +220 fnt5 1155 6088(impor)m -8(t)k 240 fnt1 1828 6091(clause)m +2481(to)s 2720(solv)s 3(e)k 3278(this)s 3674(problem:)s +220 fnt5 480 5590(impor)m -8(t @Eq)k 480 5302(def isum { sum from i=1 to n })m 240 fnt1 +0 4808(may)m 469(appear)s 1169(after)s 220 fnt5 1669 4805(@Eq)m +240 fnt1 2210 4808(is)m 2423(de\207ned,)s 3239(and)s 3646(it)s +3842(will)s 4271(mak)s 2(e)k 4846(the)s 5198(e)s 3(xported)k +6093(symbols)s 6945(of)s 220 fnt5 7220 4805(@Eq)m 240 fnt1 +7761 4808(visible)m 8458(within)s 0 4520(the)m 335(body)s 855(of)s +220 fnt5 1112 4517(isum)m 240 fnt1 1561 4520(.)m 1711(This)s +2174(feature)s 2878(complicates)s 4056(the)s 4390(treatment)s 5337(of)s +5595(en)s 9(vironments)k 6925(\(Section)s 7764(3.4\),)s 8236(and)s +8626(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 0 4232(introduces)m 1050(an)s +1336(insecurity)s 15(,)k 2373(when)s 220 fnt5 2952 4229(isum)m +240 fnt1 3464 4232(is)m 3677(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 4495(outside)s 5245(an)s 5531(equation.)s 6522(A)s 6755(simpler)s 7534(approach)s 8471(w)s 2(ould)k 0 3944(be)m 290(to)s 538(allo)s 6(w)k 1126(only)s 1615(one)s 2026(symbol)s @@ -8438,10 +8624,10 @@ grestore 806 802(operator)m 13(.)k 480 428(As)m 818(the)s 1187(parse)s 1769(proceeds,)s 2747(a)s 2934(complete)s 3888(call)s 4308(graph)s 4932(is)s 5163(constructed,)s 6393(recording,)s 7438(for)s 7797(each)s -8314(symbol,)s 0 140(which)m 633(symbols)s 1473(are)s 1810(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k -2616(within)s 3274(its)s 3541(body)s 15(.)k 4160(Immediately)s -5412(after)s 5898(the)s 6237(last)s 6618(de\207nition)s 7583(is)s -7783(read,)s 8292(the)s 8630(tran)s 8998(-)s +8314(symbol,)s 0 140(which)m 633(symbols)s 1472(are)s 1809(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +2615(within)s 3273(its)s 3539(body)s 15(.)k 4159(Immediately)s +5410(after)s 5896(the)s 6235(last)s 6616(de\207nition)s 7580(is)s +7781(read,)s 8289(the)s 8627(tran-)s grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet @@ -8453,6 +8639,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8484,22 +8672,28 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5714 -1579(-)m 5842(21)s -6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5714 -1579(-)m 5842(21)s 6117(-)s 9066 13419 0 13310 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13256(siti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 565(closure)s -1312(of)s 1584(the)s 1933(call)s 2334(graph)s 2937(is)s -3148(computed,)s 4200(and)s 4605(used)s 5104(to)s 5344(determine)s -6356(whether)s 7187(each)s 7684(non-)s 8112(parameter)s 0 12968(symbol)m -775(is)s 1001(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1939(or)s -2214(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3151(\(Section)s 4020(5.1\),)s -4522(and)s 4942(whether)s 5787(each)s 6298(parameter)s 7328(is)s -7554(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 8385(e)s 3(xactly)k -0 12680(once)m 508(or)s 767(not.)s 480 12306(Purely)m 1188(functional)s -2243(systems)s 3082(may)s 3579(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k +0 13256(siti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k +565(closure)s 1312(of)s 1584(the)s 1933(call)s 2334(graph)s +2937(is)s 3148(computed,)s 4200(and)s 4605(used)s 5104(to)s +5344(determine)s 6356(whether)s 7187(each)s 7684(non-)s 8112(parameter)s +0 12968(symbol)m 775(is)s 1001(recursi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +1939(or)s 2214(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 3151(\(Section)s +4020(5.1\),)s 4522(and)s 4942(whether)s 5787(each)s 6298(parameter)s +7328(is)s 7554(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +8385(e)s 3(xactly)k 0 12680(once)m 508(or)s 767(not.)s +480 12306(Purely)m 1188(functional)s 2243(systems)s 3082(may)s 3579(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluate)k 4450(symbol)s 5240(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocations)k 6412(in)s 6686(applicati)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 7812(order)s 8407(\(where)s 0 12018(parameters)m 1092(are)s 1433(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated)k @@ -8538,10 +8732,9 @@ grestore 8550(when)s 0 8966(the)m 339(last)s 721(reference)s 1655(to)s 1885(them)s 2413(is)s 2614(remo)s 3(v)k 3(ed.)k 3600(Se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 4353(optimizations)s 5695(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k -6187(been)s 6687(implemented.)s 8090(Actual)s 8772(pa)s 8998(-)s -0 8678(rameters)m 860(kno)s 6(wn)k 1552(to)s 1778(be)s -2048(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 2850(only)s -3318(once)s 3814(are)s 4148(mo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k +6187(been)s 6687(implemented.)s 8090(Actual)s 8772(pa-)s 0 8678(rameters)m +860(kno)s 6(wn)k 1552(to)s 1778(be)s 2048(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k +2850(only)s 3318(once)s 3814(are)s 4148(mo)s 3(v)k 3(ed)k 4840(in)s 5070(from)s 5582(the)s 5918(en)s 9(vironment,)k 7212(not)s 7566(copied;)s 8303(cop)s 2(ying)k 0 8390(could)m 581(lead)s 1028(to)s 1258(quadratic)s 2191(time)s 2662(comple)s 3(xity)k 15(.)k @@ -8639,6 +8832,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8670,23 +8865,30 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(22)s -6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13308 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(22)s 6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13308 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt3 0 13256(3.)m 274(Height)s 989(calculations.)s -240 fnt1 2312 13254(Calculate)m 3270(the)s 3618(height)s 4276(of)s -4547(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 5123(subobject,)s 6147(from)s -6671(the)s 7019(bottom)s 7757(up.)s 240 fnt3 0 12751(4.)m -283(Horizontal)s 1389(coor)s 8(dinates.)k 240 fnt1 2674 12749(Calculate)m -3641(the)s 3998(horizontal)s 5032(coordinate)s 6106(of)s 6386(each)s -6890(subobject)s 7876(from)s 8409(the)s 8767(top)s 0 12461(do)m 6(wn,)k -634(and)s 1038(store)s 1558(each)s 2053(leaf)s -13(')k 13(s)k -2633(coordinate)s 3698(in)s 3941(the)s 4289(leaf.)s 240 fnt3 -0 11977(5.)m 295(V)s 26(ertical)k 1119(coor)s 8(dinates)k -2317(and)s 2765(P)s 19(ostScript)k 3827(g)s 2(ener)k 3(ation.)k +240 fnt3 0 13256(3.)m +274(Height)s 989(calculations.)s 240 fnt1 2312 13254(Calculate)m 3270(the)s +3618(height)s 4276(of)s 4547(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k +5123(subobject,)s 6147(from)s 6671(the)s 7019(bottom)s 7757(up.)s +240 fnt3 0 12751(4.)m 283(Horizontal)s 1389(coor)s 8(dinates.)k +240 fnt1 2674 12749(Calculate)m 3641(the)s 3998(horizontal)s 5032(coordinate)s +6106(of)s 6386(each)s 6890(subobject)s 7876(from)s 8409(the)s +8767(top)s 0 12461(do)m 6(wn,)k 634(and)s 1038(store)s +1558(each)s 2053(leaf)s -13(')k 13(s)k 2633(coordinate)s +3698(in)s 3941(the)s 4289(leaf.)s 240 fnt3 0 11977(5.)m +295(V)s 26(ertical)k 1119(coor)s 8(dinates)k 2317(and)s +2765(P)s 19(ostScript)k 3827(g)s 2(ener)k 3(ation.)k 240 fnt1 5034 11975(Calculate)m 6013(the)s 6383(v)s 3(ertical)k 7171(coordinate)s 8257(of)s 8550(e)s 6(v)k 3(ery)k 0 11687(subobject)m 981(from)s 1509(the)s 1861(top)s 2224(do)s 6(wn,)k @@ -8743,13 +8945,13 @@ grestore 1779(formatter)s 2729(to)s 2971(remo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 3741(the)s 4092(footnote)s 4947(from)s 5474(this)s 5873(conte)s 3(xt)k 6637(and)s 7044(place)s 7607(it)s 7802(at)s 8037(the)s -8388(bottom)s 0 3484(of)m 281(the)s 639(current)s 1386(page,)s -1955(possibly)s 2817(splitting)s 3664(some)s 4235(or)s 4504(all)s -4808(of)s 5089(it)s 5291(onto)s 5781(a)s 5957(follo)s 6(wing)k -6944(page)s 7463(if)s 7690(space)s 8287(is)s 8508(insuf)s -8998(-)s 0 3196(\207cient.)m 480 2822(An)m 844(object)s 1503(appears)s -2298(in)s 2556(the)s 2918(\207nal)s 3413(document)s 4431(at)s -4678(the)s 5040(point)s 5607(it)s 5813(is)s 6038(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k +8388(bottom)s 0 3484(of)m 282(the)s 641(current)s 1388(page,)s +1958(possibly)s 2821(splitting)s 3668(some)s 4240(or)s 4510(all)s +4814(of)s 5096(it)s 5299(onto)s 5789(a)s 5966(follo)s 6(wing)k +6954(page)s 7473(if)s 7701(space)s 8299(is)s 8520(insuf-)s +0 3196(\207cient.)m 480 2822(An)m 844(object)s 1503(appears)s 2298(in)s +2556(the)s 2918(\207nal)s 3413(document)s 4431(at)s 4678(the)s +5040(point)s 5607(it)s 5813(is)s 6038(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed,)k 6916(b)s 4(ut)k 7293(this)s 7703(basic)s 8262(property)s 0 2534(does)m 503(not)s 882(hold)s 1379(for)s 1730(footnotes:)s 2799(the)s 3160(point)s 3725(of)s 4009(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k @@ -8789,6 +8991,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -8816,29 +9020,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5710 -1579(-)m 5838(23)s -6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13416 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5710 -1579(-)m 5838(23)s 6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13416 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -1659 13218(1.)m 2163(Initialization)s 7172(200)s 1659 12930(2.)m -2163(Memory)s 3041(allocation,)s 4090(ordered)s 4878(dag)s 5277(operations)s -7172(400)s 1659 12642(3.)m 2163(Le)s 3(xical)k 2931(analysis,)s -3808(macros,)s 4605(\207le)s 4966(handling)s 6992(1,350)s 1659 12354(4.)m -2163(P)s 3(arsing)k 2930(of)s 3201(objects)s 3929(and)s -4333(de\207nitions)s 6992(1,150)s 1659 12066(5.)m 2163(Symbol)s 2963(table)s -3483(and)s 3887(call)s 4286(graph)s 7172(600)s 1659 11778(6.)m -2163(Ev)s 6(aluation)k 3250(of)s 3521(pure)s 4002(parse)s -4562(trees)s 6992(1,650)s 1659 11490(7.)m 2163(Reading,)s 3068(storing,)s -3839(and)s 4243(scaling)s 4973(of)s 5244(fonts)s 7172(600)s -1659 11202(8.)m 2163(Cross)s 2759(references)s 3790(and)s 4194(databases)s -6992(1,000)s 1659 10914(9.)m 2163(W)s 9(idth)k 2809(and)s -3213(height)s 3871(calculations,)s 5119(and)s 5523(breaking)s 7172(700)s -1539 10626(10.)m 240 fnt3 2163 10628(Constr)m 3(ained)k 240 fnt1 -3410 10626(and)m 240 fnt3 3814 10628(AdjustSize)m 240 fnt1 7172 10626(700)m -1539 10338(11.)m 2163(T)s 8(ransfer)k 3023(of)s 3294(sized)s -3843(objects)s 4571(into)s 4996(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +1659 13218(1.)m 2163(Initialization)s +7172(200)s 1659 12930(2.)m 2163(Memory)s 3041(allocation,)s 4090(ordered)s +4878(dag)s 5277(operations)s 7172(400)s 1659 12642(3.)m 2163(Le)s 3(xical)k +2931(analysis,)s 3808(macros,)s 4605(\207le)s 4966(handling)s 6992(1,350)s +1659 12354(4.)m 2163(P)s 3(arsing)k 2930(of)s 3201(objects)s +3929(and)s 4333(de\207nitions)s 6992(1,150)s 1659 12066(5.)m 2163(Symbol)s +2963(table)s 3483(and)s 3887(call)s 4286(graph)s 7172(600)s +1659 11778(6.)m 2163(Ev)s 6(aluation)k 3250(of)s 3521(pure)s +4002(parse)s 4562(trees)s 6992(1,650)s 1659 11490(7.)m 2163(Reading,)s +3068(storing,)s 3839(and)s 4243(scaling)s 4973(of)s 5244(fonts)s +7172(600)s 1659 11202(8.)m 2163(Cross)s 2759(references)s 3790(and)s +4194(databases)s 6992(1,000)s 1659 10914(9.)m 2163(W)s 9(idth)k +2809(and)s 3213(height)s 3871(calculations,)s 5119(and)s 5523(breaking)s +7172(700)s 1539 10626(10.)m 240 fnt3 2163 10628(Constr)m 3(ained)k +240 fnt1 3410 10626(and)m 240 fnt3 3814 10628(AdjustSize)m 240 fnt1 +7172 10626(700)m 1539 10338(11.)m 2163(T)s 8(ransfer)k 3023(of)s +3294(sized)s 3843(objects)s 4571(into)s 4996(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5630(tree)s 7172(450)s 1539 10050(12.)m 2163(Galle)s 3(y)k 2851(\210ushing)s 3676(algorithm)s 6992(1,500)s 1539 9762(13.)m 2163(Coordinate)s 3282(calculations)s 4474(and)s 4878(PostScript)s 5920(output)s 7172(700)s @@ -9145,6 +9355,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -9176,38 +9388,44 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(24)s -6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13419 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(24)s 6127(-)s 9066 13419 0 13419 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13256(The)m 468(tree)s 921(can)s 1351(be)s -1673(deeper)s 9(,)k 2448(for)s 2827(e)s 3(xample)k -3730(with)s 4253(sections)s 5114(appearing)s 6150(within)s 6859(chapters)s -7746(which)s 8429(appear)s 0 12968(within)m 680(the)s 1041(body)s -1587(te)s 3(xt,)k 2062(which)s 2717(appears)s 3510(within)s -4191(the)s 4551(\207nal)s 5044(sequence)s 5990(of)s 6273(pages.)s -6995(Document)s 8065(formatting)s 0 12680(languages)m 1024(generally)s 1984(shirk)s -2540(the)s 2905(issues)s 3544(raised)s 4189(by)s 4500(this)s -4912(dual)s 5396(tree)s 5826(structure,)s 6785(by)s 7096(making)s -7884(the)s 8249(dynamic)s 0 12392(tree)m 421(b)s 4(uilt-in,)k -1235(by)s 1537(limiting)s 2354(one)s 2764(or)s 3032(both)s -3523(trees)s 4032(to)s 4279(tw)s 2(o)k 4697(le)s 6(v)k 3(els,)k -5360(and)s 5773(so)s 6047(on,)s 6402(pro)s 3(viding)k -7391(a)s 7565(classic)s 8263(e)s 3(xample)k 0 12104(of)m -295(the)s 667(impo)s 3(v)k 3(erishing)k 2120(ef)s 6(fect)k -2740(of)s 3035(f)s 2(ailing)k 3733(to)s 3997(permit)s -4704(language)s 5648(features)s 6478(to)s 6741(attain)s 7352(their)s -7873(natural)s 8616(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 0 11816(of)m -271(generality)s 15(.)k 480 11442(W)m 19(e)k 854(are)s -1206(thus)s 1662(led)s 2017(to)s 2261(propose)s 3081(a)s -3252(second)s 3980(abstraction)s 5091(for)s 5434(document)s 6443(formatting,)s -7564(which)s 8211(we)s 8552(name)s 0 11154(the)m 240 fnt3 -371 11156(galle)m 7(y)k 240 fnt1 1028 11154(in)m 1294(recognition)s -2464(of)s 2759(its)s 3058(similarity)s 4050(to)s 4312(the)s -4684(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5432(used)s 5952(in)s -6219(manual)s 7001(typesetting.)s 8238(A)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +0 13256(The)m 468(tree)s +921(can)s 1351(be)s 1673(deeper)s 9(,)k 2448(for)s +2827(e)s 3(xample)k 3730(with)s 4253(sections)s 5114(appearing)s +6150(within)s 6859(chapters)s 7746(which)s 8429(appear)s 0 12968(within)m +680(the)s 1041(body)s 1587(te)s 3(xt,)k 2062(which)s +2717(appears)s 3510(within)s 4191(the)s 4551(\207nal)s 5044(sequence)s +5990(of)s 6273(pages.)s 6995(Document)s 8065(formatting)s 0 12680(languages)m +1024(generally)s 1984(shirk)s 2540(the)s 2905(issues)s 3544(raised)s +4189(by)s 4500(this)s 4912(dual)s 5396(tree)s 5826(structure,)s +6785(by)s 7096(making)s 7884(the)s 8249(dynamic)s 0 12392(tree)m +421(b)s 4(uilt-in,)k 1235(by)s 1537(limiting)s 2354(one)s +2764(or)s 3032(both)s 3523(trees)s 4032(to)s 4279(tw)s 2(o)k +4697(le)s 6(v)k 3(els,)k 5360(and)s 5773(so)s +6047(on,)s 6402(pro)s 3(viding)k 7391(a)s 7565(classic)s +8263(e)s 3(xample)k 0 12104(of)m 295(the)s 667(impo)s 3(v)k 3(erishing)k +2120(ef)s 6(fect)k 2740(of)s 3035(f)s 2(ailing)k +3733(to)s 3997(permit)s 4704(language)s 5648(features)s 6478(to)s +6741(attain)s 7352(their)s 7873(natural)s 8616(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k +0 11816(of)m 271(generality)s 15(.)k 480 11442(W)m 19(e)k +854(are)s 1206(thus)s 1662(led)s 2017(to)s 2261(propose)s +3081(a)s 3252(second)s 3980(abstraction)s 5091(for)s 5434(document)s +6443(formatting,)s 7564(which)s 8211(we)s 8552(name)s 0 11154(the)m +240 fnt3 371 11156(galle)m 7(y)k 240 fnt1 1028 11154(in)m +1294(recognition)s 2464(of)s 2759(its)s 3058(similarity)s 4050(to)s +4312(the)s 4684(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5432(used)s +5952(in)s 6219(manual)s 7001(typesetting.)s 8238(A)s 8492(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 0 10866(consists)m 817(of)s 1098(an)s 1391(object)s 2045(\(such)s 2630(as)s 2890(a)s 3066(footnote\))s 4001(together)s 4854(with)s 5346(a)s 5522(sequence)s 6465(of)s 6746(places)s 7404(where)s @@ -9331,6 +9549,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -9358,20 +9578,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5709 -1582(-)m 5837(25)s -6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5709 -1582(-)m 5837(25)s 6123(-)s 9066 13413 0 13304 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -480 13250(Here)m 1057(is)s 1324(a)s 1547(snapshot)s -2502(of)s 2830(a)s 3053(small)s 3682(dynamic)s 4616(tree,)s -5137(based)s 5797(on)s 6151(the)s 220 fnt5 6556 13247(@P)m 8(ageList)k -240 fnt1 7737 13250(de\207nitions)m 8855(of)s 0 12962(Section)m 774(3.2:)s -6982 3257 0 3257 240 288 60 480 9414 LoutGr2 +480 13250(Here)m 1057(is)s +1324(a)s 1547(snapshot)s 2502(of)s 2830(a)s 3053(small)s +3682(dynamic)s 4616(tree,)s 5137(based)s 5797(on)s 6151(the)s +220 fnt5 6556 13247(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7737 13250(de\207nitions)m +8855(of)s 0 12962(Section)m 774(3.2:)s 6982 3257 0 3257 240 288 60 480 9414 LoutGr2 grestore save gsave 200 dict begin lfigdict begin grestore -200 fnt3 0 3121(output)m 563(\207le)s gsave +200 fnt3 0 3121(output)m +563(\207le)s gsave 860 0 translate 240 fnt1 0 3257 0 3165 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -9387,8 +9614,8 @@ grestore grestore (A) lfigpromotelabels grestore -1994(r)s 9(oot)k -2370(galle)s 6(y)k gsave +1994(r)s 9(oot)k 2370(galle)s 6(y)k +gsave 1994 2967 translate 240 fnt1 1927 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -9411,10 +9638,9 @@ gsave 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto closepath stroke grestore -160 fnt1 -845 2216(-)m 931(1)s 1035(-)s 410 2000(A)m 563(small)s -140 fnt5 170 1784(@Galle)m 2(y)k 160 fnt1 743(*)s -904 1617 5 1545 160 180 40 853 275 LoutGr2 +160 fnt1 845 2216(-)m 931(1)s +1035(-)s 410 2000(A)m 563(small)s 140 fnt5 170 1784(@Galle)m 2(y)k +160 fnt1 743(*)s 904 1617 5 1545 160 180 40 853 275 LoutGr2 currentdict end 200 dict begin begin grestore 10 10 5 5 160 180 40 0 1540 LoutGr2 @@ -9427,7 +9653,8 @@ grestore grestore (C) lfigpromotelabels grestore -140 fnt5 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k +140 fnt5 170 173(@F)m 4(ootSect)k + grestore gsave 1994 0 translate @@ -9438,11 +9665,10 @@ gsave 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -140 fnt5 -170 201(@P)m 5(ageList 2)k +140 fnt5 170 201(@P)m 5(ageList 2)k grestore -5055 2611(body)m 5490(te)s 4(xt)k -gsave +5055 2611(body)m +5490(te)s 4(xt)k gsave 5055 1974 translate 240 fnt1 1927 483 170 240 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave @@ -9454,7 +9680,8 @@ grestore 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -160 fnt1 170 204(paragraph)m +160 fnt1 170 204(paragraph)m + grestore (D) lfigpromotelabels grestore @@ -9467,8 +9694,8 @@ gsave 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -160 fnt1 -170 171(of)m 351(te)s 2(xt.)k +160 fnt1 170 171(of)m 351(te)s 2(xt.)k + grestore gsave 5055 1034 translate @@ -9479,8 +9706,7 @@ gsave 0.15 cm /lfigsolid [ lfigbox ] lfigdopath pop pop grestore -160 fnt5 -170 203(@Input)m +160 fnt5 170 203(@Input)m grestore gsave 0 0 translate @@ -9498,7 +9724,8 @@ grestore grestore gsave 0 0 translate -240 fnt1 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +240 fnt1 +0 0 0 0 240 288 60 LoutGraphic gsave 0.5 pt setlinewidth lfiground setlinecap @@ -9512,17 +9739,17 @@ grestore grestore end end restore grestore -0 8963(The)m 472(components)s -1724(of)s 2039(the)s 2431(body)s 3009(te)s 3(xt)k -3468(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 4146(are)s 4537(lines,)s -5139(e)s 3(xcept)k 5864(for)s 6246(the)s 6638(special)s -7400(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 8366(symbol)s 220 fnt5 -0 8672(@Input)m 240 fnt1 759 8675(which)m 1393(is)s 1595(a)s -1753(placeholder)s 2920(for)s 3249(as)s 3491(yet)s 3835(unread)s -4536(input)s 5080(\(Section)s 5924(5.4\).)s 6459(The)s 6879(components)s -8079(of)s 8342(the)s 8681(root)s 0 8387(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k -646(are)s 1006(pages,)s 1671(e)s 3(xcept)k 2364(for)s -2715(the)s 3076(concluding)s 4205(une)s 3(xpanded)k 5431(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k +0 8963(The)m 472(components)s 1724(of)s 2039(the)s 2431(body)s +3009(te)s 3(xt)k 3468(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +4146(are)s 4537(lines,)s 5139(e)s 3(xcept)k 5864(for)s +6246(the)s 6638(special)s 7400(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +8366(symbol)s 220 fnt5 0 8672(@Input)m 240 fnt1 759 8675(which)m +1393(is)s 1595(a)s 1753(placeholder)s 2920(for)s 3249(as)s +3491(yet)s 3835(unread)s 4536(input)s 5080(\(Section)s 5924(5.4\).)s +6459(The)s 6879(components)s 8079(of)s 8342(the)s 8681(root)s +0 8387(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 646(are)s 1006(pages,)s +1671(e)s 3(xcept)k 2364(for)s 2715(the)s 3076(concluding)s +4205(une)s 3(xpanded)k 5431(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 6498(of)s 220 fnt5 6781 8384(@P)m 8(ageList)k 240 fnt1 7845 8387(,)m 7965(which)s 8620(is)s 8843(an)s 0 8099(ine)m 3(xhaustible)k 1328(source)s 2008(of)s 2279(more)s 2826(pages,)s 3478(e)s 3(xpanded)k @@ -9957,6 +10184,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -9984,10 +10213,16 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1581(-)m 5833(26)s -6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13414 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1581(-)m 5833(26)s 6126(-)s 9066 13414 0 13414 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore 0 13251(Each)m 521(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k @@ -10001,17 +10236,17 @@ grestore 5569(inde)s 4(x)k 6155(nodes)s 240 fnt1 6780 12589(of)m 7063(v)s 6(arious)k 7823(types.)s 8504(Ev)s 3(ery)k 0 12301(recepti)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 922(symbol)s 1681(has)s -2051(a)s 240 fnt3 2216 12303(RECEPTIVE)m 240 fnt1 3529 12301(inde)m 3(x)k -4112(pointing)s 4963(to)s 5201(it,)s 5440(so)s 5705(that)s -6123(it)s 6314(can)s 6703(be)s 6984(found)s 7601(without)s -8391(search)s 8998(-)s 0 12013(ing)m 355(through)s 1152(its)s -1423(component.)s 2646(If)s 2871(the)s 3215(symbol)s 3970(is)s -4175(currently)s 5086(the)s 5429(tar)s 4(get)k 6023(of)s -6290(a)s 6451(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -7118(it)s 7305(has)s 7670(a)s 240 fnt3 7831 12015(RECEIVING)m -240 fnt1 0 11725(inde)m 3(x)k 595(instead)s 1342(which)s -1995(is)s 2217(also)s 2667(link)s 2(ed)k 3332(to)s -3583(the)s 3942(incoming)s 4911(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k +2050(a)s 240 fnt3 2216 12303(RECEPTIVE)m 240 fnt1 3528 12301(inde)m 3(x)k +4111(pointing)s 4962(to)s 5200(it,)s 5438(so)s 5704(that)s +6121(it)s 6312(can)s 6701(be)s 6982(found)s 7598(without)s +8388(search-)s 0 12013(ing)m 355(through)s 1152(its)s 1423(component.)s +2646(If)s 2871(the)s 3215(symbol)s 3970(is)s 4175(currently)s +5086(the)s 5429(tar)s 4(get)k 6023(of)s 6290(a)s +6451(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 7118(it)s +7305(has)s 7670(a)s 240 fnt3 7831 12015(RECEIVING)m 240 fnt1 +0 11725(inde)m 3(x)k 595(instead)s 1342(which)s 1995(is)s +2217(also)s 2667(link)s 2(ed)k 3332(to)s 3583(the)s +3942(incoming)s 4911(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 5652(Galle)s 3(ys)k 6441(that)s 6871(are)s 7229(currently)s 8157(without)s 8960(a)s 0 11437(tar)m 4(get)k 586(are)s 920(link)s 2(ed)k 1560(to)s 1786(the)s 2120(dynamic)s @@ -10155,6 +10390,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10182,31 +10419,37 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(27)s -6124(-)s 9066 13418 0 13309 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(27)s 6124(-)s 9066 13418 0 13309 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13255(able)m 454(to)s 693(undo)s 1226(step)s -1664(4\);)s 1975(otherwise)s 2960(delete)s 3586(the)s 3934(tar)s 4(get.)k -4637(Return)s 5345(to)s 5584(step)s 6022(1)s 6177(and)s -6581(continue)s 7461(immediately;)s 240 fnt3 480 12883(SUSPEND.)m 240 fnt1 -1685 12881(If)m 1928(the)s 2289(component)s 3426(contains)s 4287(a)s -4466(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5402(symbol,)s 6227(it)s -6432(cannot)s 7143(be)s 7438(promoted)s 8426(yet.)s 8896(If)s -0 12593(this)m 392(symbol)s 1148(is)s 1354(the)s 1697(tar)s 4(get)k -2292(of)s 2559(a)s 2720(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -3350(that)s 3764(w)s 2(as)k 4180(written)s 4909(to)s -5144(an)s 5423(auxiliary)s 6321(\207le)s 6678(on)s 6971(a)s -7132(pre)s 6(vious)k 7997(run,)s 8419(read)s 8883(in)s -0 12305(that)m 427(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 1071(and)s -1484(\210ush)s 2017(it.)s 2322(Otherwise)s 3370(suspend)s 4209(on)s -4516(the)s 4873(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5805(symbol')s 13(s)k -6729(semaphore;)s 7887(resume)s 8643(later)s 0 12017(from)m 524(step)s -962(4.)s 0 11513(6.)m 284(T)s 16(erminate)k 1305(when)s -1881(the)s 2229(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2863(is)s -3073(empty)s 15(.)k 0 11010(At)m 354(v)s 6(arious)k +0 13255(able)m 454(to)s +693(undo)s 1226(step)s 1664(4\);)s 1975(otherwise)s 2960(delete)s +3586(the)s 3934(tar)s 4(get.)k 4637(Return)s 5345(to)s +5584(step)s 6022(1)s 6177(and)s 6581(continue)s 7461(immediately;)s +240 fnt3 480 12883(SUSPEND.)m 240 fnt1 1685 12881(If)m 1928(the)s +2289(component)s 3426(contains)s 4287(a)s 4466(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +5402(symbol,)s 6227(it)s 6432(cannot)s 7143(be)s 7438(promoted)s +8426(yet.)s 8896(If)s 0 12593(this)m 392(symbol)s 1148(is)s +1354(the)s 1697(tar)s 4(get)k 2292(of)s 2559(a)s +2720(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3350(that)s 3764(w)s 2(as)k +4180(written)s 4909(to)s 5144(an)s 5423(auxiliary)s 6321(\207le)s +6678(on)s 6971(a)s 7132(pre)s 6(vious)k 7997(run,)s +8419(read)s 8883(in)s 0 12305(that)m 427(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +1071(and)s 1484(\210ush)s 2017(it.)s 2322(Otherwise)s 3370(suspend)s +4209(on)s 4516(the)s 4873(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +5805(symbol')s 13(s)k 6729(semaphore;)s 7887(resume)s 8643(later)s +0 12017(from)m 524(step)s 962(4.)s 0 11513(6.)m 284(T)s 16(erminate)k +1305(when)s 1881(the)s 2229(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +2863(is)s 3073(empty)s 15(.)k 0 11010(At)m 354(v)s 6(arious)k 1158(points)s 1850(in)s 2148(this)s 2599(algorithm,)s 3691(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4668(symbols)s 5572(\(and)s 6111(their)s 6663(semaphores\))s 7975(are)s 8378(deleted)s 0 10722(in)m 273(the)s 652(dynamic)s 1560(parent)s @@ -10412,9 +10655,9 @@ grestore 240 fnt1 3336 793(')m 13(s)k 3555(in)s 9(v)k 4(ocation)k 4619(point,)s 5227(and)s 5641(a)s 240 fnt3 5817 795(FOLLO)m 12(WS)k 240 fnt1 6952 793(inde)m 3(x)k 7546(at)s 7787(the)s -8145(\207rst)s 8586(com)s 8998(-)s 0 505(ponent)m 720(of)s -240 fnt3 1000 507(G)m 240 fnt1 1173 505(.)m 1346(The)s -1783(algorithm)s 2781(checks)s 3492(before)s 4167(promoting)s 5226(an)s 3(y)k +8145(\207rst)s 8586(com-)s 0 505(ponent)m 720(of)s 240 fnt3 +1000 507(G)m 240 fnt1 1173 505(.)m 1346(The)s 1783(algorithm)s +2781(checks)s 3492(before)s 4167(promoting)s 5226(an)s 3(y)k 240 fnt3 5632 507(FOLLO)m 12(WS)k 240 fnt1 6767 505(inde)m 3(x)k 7360(that)s 7787(its)s 8072(promotion)s grestore @@ -10428,6 +10671,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10458,28 +10703,35 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(28)s -6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(28)s 6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(w)m 2(ould)k 661(not)s 1033(place)s -1600(it)s 1798(earlier)s 2472(than)s 2948(the)s 3302(corresponding)s -240 fnt3 4730 13255(PRECEDES)m 240 fnt1 5981 13253(inde)m 3(x)k -6571(in)s 6820(the)s 7175(same)s 7728(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -8406(and)s 8817(re)s 8998(-)s 0 12965(jects)m 486(the)s -831(component)s 1952(if)s 2166(it)s 2355(w)s 2(ould.)k -3113(Since)s 240 fnt3 3697 12967(PRECEDES)m 240 fnt1 4939 12965(and)m -240 fnt3 5340 12967(FOLLO)m 12(WS)k 240 fnt1 6463 12965(inde)m 3(x)k 3(es)k -7236(are)s 7580(rarely)s 8187(used,)s 8730(this)s 0 12677(check)m -619(can)s 1008(be)s 1290(implemented)s 2596(by)s 2890(linear)s -3493(search.)s 480 12303(When)m 1114(tw)s 2(o)k 1529(components)s -2742(are)s 3094(separated)s 4060(by)s 220 fnt5 4359 12300(/)m -240 fnt1 4423 12303(,)m 4535(as)s 4790(opposed)s 5652(to)s -5897(the)s 6250(more)s 6802(usual)s 220 fnt5 7367 12300(//)m -240 fnt1 7492 12303(,)m 7604(each)s 8105(in\210uences)s 0 12015(the)m -358(horizontal)s 1393(position)s 2232(of)s 2514(the)s 2872(other)s 13(.)k +0 13253(w)m 2(ould)k +661(not)s 1033(place)s 1599(it)s 1797(earlier)s 2471(than)s +2946(the)s 3300(corresponding)s 240 fnt3 4728 13255(PRECEDES)m 240 fnt1 +5978 13253(inde)m 3(x)k 6568(in)s 6817(the)s 7171(same)s +7724(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 8402(and)s +8813(re-)s 0 12965(jects)m 486(the)s 831(component)s 1952(if)s +2166(it)s 2355(w)s 2(ould.)k 3113(Since)s 240 fnt3 +3697 12967(PRECEDES)m 240 fnt1 4939 12965(and)m 240 fnt3 5340 12967(FOLLO)m 12(WS)k +240 fnt1 6463 12965(inde)m 3(x)k 3(es)k 7236(are)s +7580(rarely)s 8187(used,)s 8730(this)s 0 12677(check)m 619(can)s +1008(be)s 1290(implemented)s 2596(by)s 2890(linear)s 3493(search.)s +480 12303(When)m 1114(tw)s 2(o)k 1529(components)s 2742(are)s +3094(separated)s 4060(by)s 220 fnt5 4359 12300(/)m 240 fnt1 +4423 12303(,)m 4535(as)s 4790(opposed)s 5652(to)s 5897(the)s +6250(more)s 6802(usual)s 220 fnt5 7367 12300(//)m 240 fnt1 +7492 12303(,)m 7604(each)s 8105(in\210uences)s 0 12015(the)m 358(horizontal)s +1393(position)s 2232(of)s 2514(the)s 2872(other)s 13(.)k 3525(Because)s 4389(of)s 4671(this,)s 5133(the)s 240 fnt3 5492 12017(SUSPEND)m 240 fnt1 6596 12015(action)m 7248(is)s 7468(in)s 7722(f)s 2(act)k 8148(tak)s 2(en)k 8732(if)s @@ -10718,6 +10970,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10752,19 +11006,26 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5706 -1579(-)m 5834(29)s -6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5706 -1579(-)m 5834(29)s 6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13305 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13251(The)m 220 fnt5 450 13248(@AlignList)m 240 fnt1 -1579 13251(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2236(does)s 2749(not)s -3138(\210ush,)s 3734(because)s 4570(its)s 4868(\207rst)s 5322(component)s -6469(is)s 6702(connected)s 7753(to)s 8015(a)s 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -0 12963(symbol)m 760(by)s 220 fnt5 1054 12960(/)m 240 fnt1 -1178 12963(operators.)m 480 12589(After)m 1048(the)s 1402(last)s 1799(equation,)s -2736(an)s 3025(empty)s 3683(forcing)s 4432(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +0 13251(The)m 220 fnt5 +450 13248(@AlignList)m 240 fnt1 1579 13251(g)m 1(alle)k 3(y)k +2236(does)s 2749(not)s 3138(\210ush,)s 3734(because)s 4570(its)s +4868(\207rst)s 5322(component)s 6469(is)s 6702(connected)s 7753(to)s +8015(a)s 8204(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 0 12963(symbol)m +760(by)s 220 fnt5 1054 12960(/)m 240 fnt1 1178 12963(operators.)m +480 12589(After)m 1048(the)s 1402(last)s 1799(equation,)s 2736(an)s +3025(empty)s 3683(forcing)s 4432(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 5072(is)s 5288(sent)s 5739(to)s 220 fnt5 5984 12586(@EndAlignList)m 240 fnt1 7420 12589(,)m 7533(deleting)s 8362(the)s 8716(tw)s 2(o)k 0 12301(remaining)m 1028(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1957(symbols)s @@ -10882,6 +11143,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -10912,43 +11175,49 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5704 -1579(-)m 5832(30)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 12991 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5704 -1579(-)m 5832(30)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 12991 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt3 851 13205(l)m 240 fnt4 1013 13197(\243)m -1223(3)s 240 fnt3 1340 13205(i)m 480 12910(l)m 240 fnt4 -618 12902(+)m 240 fnt3 819 12910(r)m 240 fnt4 1013 12902(\243)m -1223(5)s 240 fnt3 1342 12910(i)m 819 12622(r)m 240 fnt4 -1013 12614(\243)m 1223(4)s 240 fnt3 1348 12622(i)m 240 fnt1 -0 12113(Object)m 220 fnt5 697 12110(b)m 240 fnt1 871 12113(may)m -1337(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1838(width)s 240 fnt3 -2440 12115(l)m 240 fnt4 2518 12107(,)m 240 fnt3 2625 12115(r)m -240 fnt1 2783 12113(for)m 3121(an)s 3(y)k 240 fnt3 -3518 12115(l)m 240 fnt1 3644 12113(and)m 240 fnt3 4048 12115(r)m -240 fnt1 4206 12113(satisfying)m 5188(these)s 5735(inequalities,)s 6943(and)s -7347(no)s 7640(others.)s 480 11739(Here)m 1000(is)s 1210(another)s -1987(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt5 480 11238(5i @High { a /2ix b })m 240 fnt1 -0 10737(Assuming)m 1024(that)s 220 fnt5 1442 10734(a)m 240 fnt1 -1619 10737(has)m 1989(height)s 240 fnt4 2647 10731(1)m 240 fnt3 -2753 10739(i)m 240 fnt4 2828 10731(,)m 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1340 13205(i)m +480 12910(l)m 240 fnt4 618 12902(+)m 240 fnt3 819 12910(r)m +240 fnt4 1013 12902(\243)m 1223(5)s 240 fnt3 1342 12910(i)m +819 12622(r)m 240 fnt4 1013 12614(\243)m 1223(4)s 240 fnt3 +1348 12622(i)m 240 fnt1 0 12113(Object)m 220 fnt5 697 12110(b)m +240 fnt1 871 12113(may)m 1337(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k +1838(width)s 240 fnt3 2440 12115(l)m 240 fnt4 2518 12107(,)m +240 fnt3 2625 12115(r)m 240 fnt1 2783 12113(for)m 3121(an)s 3(y)k +240 fnt3 3518 12115(l)m 240 fnt1 3644 12113(and)m 240 fnt3 +4048 12115(r)m 240 fnt1 4206 12113(satisfying)m 5188(these)s 5735(inequalities,)s +6943(and)s 7347(no)s 7640(others.)s 480 11739(Here)m 1000(is)s +1210(another)s 1987(e)s 3(xample:)k 220 fnt5 480 11238(5i @High { a /2ix b })m +240 fnt1 0 10737(Assuming)m 1024(that)s 220 fnt5 1442 10734(a)m +240 fnt1 1619 10737(has)m 1989(height)s 240 fnt4 2647 10731(1)m +240 fnt3 2753 10739(i)m 240 fnt4 2828 10731(,)m 2935(1)s +240 fnt3 3041 10739(i)m 240 fnt1 3104 10737(,)m 3211(the)s +3559(height)s 240 fnt3 4217 10739(l)m 240 fnt4 4295 10731(,)m +240 fnt3 4402 10739(r)m 240 fnt1 4560 10737(of)m 220 fnt5 +4831 10734(b)m 240 fnt1 5005 10737(must)m 5530(satisfy)s 240 fnt4 +480 10179(1)m 240 fnt3 586 10187(i)m 240 fnt4 721 10179(+)m +922(\()s 1006(\()s 1090(1)s 240 fnt3 1196 10187(i)m +240 fnt4 1331 10179(+)m 240 fnt3 1532 10187(l)m 240 fnt4 +1610 10179(\))m 1760(\255)s 1981(2)s 240 fnt3 2107 10187(i)m +240 fnt4 2182 10179(\))m 2320(+)s 240 fnt3 2521 10187(r)m +240 fnt4 2703 10179(\243)m 2913(5)s 240 fnt3 3032 10187(i)m +240 fnt1 0 9634(This)m 478(time)s 960(the)s 240 fnt4 +1325 9628(\255)m 240 fnt1 1539 9634(operation)m 2501(arises)s 3098(from)s +3624(the)s 3975(mark-to-mark)s 5364(g)s 1(ap)k 5765(mode,)s +6406(which)s 7050(will)s 7479(widen)s 8123(the)s 240 fnt4 +8474 9628(2)m 240 fnt3 8602 9636(i)m 240 fnt1 8728 9634(g)m 1(ap)k 0 9346(if)m 217(necessary)s 1200(to)s 1439(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ent)k 220 fnt5 2207 9343(a)m 240 fnt1 2384 9346(and)m 220 fnt5 2788 9343(b)m 240 fnt1 2962 9346(from)m 3486(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlapping.)k @@ -11051,6 +11320,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11085,30 +11356,36 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5714 -1579(-)m 5842(31)s -6117(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5714 -1579(-)m 5842(31)s 6117(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(which)m 642(e)s 3(xpands)k 1475(to)s -1714(eight)s 2252(inequalities:)s 240 fnt3 917 12702(l)m 167 fnt3 -983 12615(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 12694(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 12702(X)m -894 12338(L)m 240 fnt4 1123 12330(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 12338(X)m -528 12047(l)m 167 fnt3 594 11960(i)m 240 fnt4 710 12039(+)m -240 fnt3 911 12047(r)m 167 fnt3 983 11960(i)m 240 fnt4 -1123 12039(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 12047(Y)m 503 11675(l)m 167 fnt3 -569 11588(i)m 240 fnt4 685 11667(+)m 240 fnt3 886 11675(R)m -240 fnt4 1123 11667(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 11675(Y)m 505 11311(L)m -240 fnt4 710 11303(+)m 240 fnt3 911 11311(r)m 167 fnt3 -983 11224(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 11303(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 11311(Y)m -480 10947(L)m 240 fnt4 685 10939(+)m 240 fnt3 886 10947(R)m -240 fnt4 1123 10939(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 10947(Y)m 911 10664(r)m -167 fnt3 983 10577(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 10656(\243)m 240 fnt3 -1333 10664(Z)m 886 10300(R)m 240 fnt4 1123 10292(\243)m 240 fnt3 -1333 10300(Z)m 240 fnt1 0 9793(Three)m 613(are)s 960(already)s -1717(kno)s 6(wn,)k 2471(and)s 2875(slightly)s 3646(rearranging)s -4800(the)s 5148(others)s 5783(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k +0 13253(which)m 642(e)s 3(xpands)k +1475(to)s 1714(eight)s 2252(inequalities:)s 240 fnt3 917 12702(l)m +167 fnt3 983 12615(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 12694(\243)m 240 fnt3 +1333 12702(X)m 894 12338(L)m 240 fnt4 1123 12330(\243)m 240 fnt3 +1333 12338(X)m 528 12047(l)m 167 fnt3 594 11960(i)m 240 fnt4 +710 12039(+)m 240 fnt3 911 12047(r)m 167 fnt3 983 11960(i)m +240 fnt4 1123 12039(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 12047(Y)m 503 11675(l)m +167 fnt3 569 11588(i)m 240 fnt4 685 11667(+)m 240 fnt3 +886 11675(R)m 240 fnt4 1123 11667(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 11675(Y)m +505 11311(L)m 240 fnt4 710 11303(+)m 240 fnt3 911 11311(r)m +167 fnt3 983 11224(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 11303(\243)m 240 fnt3 +1333 11311(Y)m 480 10947(L)m 240 fnt4 685 10939(+)m 240 fnt3 +886 10947(R)m 240 fnt4 1123 10939(\243)m 240 fnt3 1333 10947(Y)m +911 10664(r)m 167 fnt3 983 10577(i)m 240 fnt4 1123 10656(\243)m +240 fnt3 1333 10664(Z)m 886 10300(R)m 240 fnt4 1123 10292(\243)m +240 fnt3 1333 10300(Z)m 240 fnt1 0 9793(Three)m 613(are)s +960(already)s 1717(kno)s 6(wn,)k 2471(and)s 2875(slightly)s +3646(rearranging)s 4800(the)s 5148(others)s 5783(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 240 fnt3 869 9242(l)m 167 fnt3 935 9155(i)m 240 fnt4 1075 9234(\243)m 240 fnt3 1285 9242(X)m 869 8870(l)m 167 fnt3 935 8783(i)m 240 fnt4 1075 8862(\243)m 240 fnt3 1285 8870(Y)m @@ -11204,6 +11481,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11231,44 +11510,51 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5705 -1579(-)m 5833(32)s -6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13312 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5705 -1579(-)m 5833(32)s 6127(-)s 9066 13416 0 13312 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -220 fnt5 480 13255(@P)m 8(ageList)k 480 12967(//)m -480 12679(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k 480 12391(//)m 480 12103(@Chapter {)m -480 11815( @Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 11527( @Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 11239( ...)m -480 10951( @Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 10663(})m 480 10375(@Chapter {)m 480 10087( ...)m -480 9799(})m 240 fnt1 0 9305(Basser)m 702(Lout)s 1220(is)s -1436(able)s 1896(to)s 2141(read)s 2616(and)s 3026(process)s -3800(such)s 4302(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k 5032(one)s -5440(paragraph)s 6459(at)s 6697(a)s 6869(time)s 7355(\(strictly)s 15(,)k -8194(from)s 8724(one)s 220 fnt5 0 9014(//)m 240 fnt1 -185 9017(at)m 417(the)s 765(outer)s 1316(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k -1826(of)s 2097(a)s 2263(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -2897(to)s 3136(the)s 3484(ne)s 3(xt\),)k 4079(as)s -4329(we)s 4664(no)s 6(w)k 5125(describe.)s 480 8643(When)m -1147(the)s 1534(parser)s 2215(encounters)s 3341(the)s 3727(be)s 3(ginning)k -4774(of)s 5083(a)s 5288(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k -5998(lik)s 2(e)k 220 fnt5 6449 8640(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 -7550 8643(or)m 220 fnt5 7848 8640(@Section)m 240 fnt1 8788 8643(,)m -8934(it)s 0 8355(initiates)m 831(a)s 1023(ne)s 6(w)k -1495(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2155(process.)s 3061(The)s -3515(special)s 4258(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 5206(symbol)s -220 fnt5 5991 8352(@Input)m 240 fnt1 6784 8355(is)m 7019(substituted)s -8139(for)s 8502(the)s 8876(as)s 0 8067(yet)m 357(unread)s -1071(right)s 1588(parameter)s 2607(of)s 2884(the)s 3237(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k -3972(As)s 4294(each)s 4795(paragraph)s 5813(of)s 6090(the)s -6443(right)s 6960(parameter)s 7979(is)s 8195(read,)s 8718(it)s -8916(is)s 0 7779(deleted)m 763(from)s 1302(the)s 1665(parse)s -2240(tree)s 2668(and)s 3087(injected)s 3916(into)s 4356(the)s -4719(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k 220 fnt5 -5524 7776(@Input)m 240 fnt1 6231 7779(.)m 6410(The)s 6853(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k -7502(is)s 7727(then)s 8212(resumed.)s 0 7491(The)m 429(parser)s -1074(thus)s 1526(acts)s 1950(as)s 2202(an)s 2487(e)s 3(xtra)k -3022(concurrent)s 4106(process;)s 4937(it)s 5131(has)s 5503(lo)s 6(w)k +220 fnt5 480 13255(@P)m 8(ageList)k +480 12967(//)m 480 12679(@BodyT)m 26(e)k 6(xt)k 480 12391(//)m +480 12103(@Chapter {)m 480 11815( @Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 11527( @Section { ...)m 13( })k +480 11239( ...)m 480 10951( @Section { ...)m 13( })k 480 10663(})m 480 10375(@Chapter {)m +480 10087( ...)m 480 9799(})m 240 fnt1 0 9305(Basser)m 702(Lout)s +1220(is)s 1436(able)s 1896(to)s 2141(read)s 2616(and)s +3026(process)s 3800(such)s 4302(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys)k +5032(one)s 5440(paragraph)s 6459(at)s 6697(a)s 6869(time)s +7355(\(strictly)s 15(,)k 8194(from)s 8724(one)s 220 fnt5 +0 9014(//)m 240 fnt1 185 9017(at)m 417(the)s 765(outer)s +1316(le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 1826(of)s 2097(a)s +2263(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 2897(to)s 3136(the)s +3484(ne)s 3(xt\),)k 4079(as)s 4329(we)s 4664(no)s 6(w)k +5125(describe.)s 480 8643(When)m 1147(the)s 1534(parser)s 2215(encounters)s +3341(the)s 3727(be)s 3(ginning)k 4774(of)s 5083(a)s +5288(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 5998(lik)s 2(e)k +220 fnt5 6449 8640(@Chapter)m 240 fnt1 7550 8643(or)m 220 fnt5 +7848 8640(@Section)m 240 fnt1 8788 8643(,)m 8934(it)s 0 8355(initiates)m +831(a)s 1023(ne)s 6(w)k 1495(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k +2155(process.)s 3061(The)s 3515(special)s 4258(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k +5206(symbol)s 220 fnt5 5991 8352(@Input)m 240 fnt1 6784 8355(is)m +7019(substituted)s 8139(for)s 8502(the)s 8876(as)s 0 8067(yet)m +357(unread)s 1071(right)s 1588(parameter)s 2607(of)s 2884(the)s +3237(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 15(.)k 3972(As)s +4294(each)s 4795(paragraph)s 5813(of)s 6090(the)s 6443(right)s +6960(parameter)s 7979(is)s 8195(read,)s 8718(it)s 8916(is)s +0 7779(deleted)m 763(from)s 1302(the)s 1665(parse)s 2240(tree)s +2668(and)s 3087(injected)s 3916(into)s 4356(the)s 4719(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y')k 13(s)k +220 fnt5 5524 7776(@Input)m 240 fnt1 6231 7779(.)m 6410(The)s +6853(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7502(is)s 7727(then)s +8212(resumed.)s 0 7491(The)m 429(parser)s 1074(thus)s 1526(acts)s +1950(as)s 2202(an)s 2487(e)s 3(xtra)k 3022(concurrent)s +4106(process;)s 4937(it)s 5131(has)s 5503(lo)s 6(w)k 5912(priority)s 15(,)k 6721(so)s 6989(that)s 7409(input)s 7963(is)s 8175(read)s 8646(only)s 0 7203(when)m 597(there)s 1151(is)s 1382(nothing)s 2188(else)s 2636(to)s 2897(do.)s @@ -11375,6 +11661,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -11406,23 +11694,29 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5710 -1579(-)m 5838(33)s -6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5710 -1579(-)m 5838(33)s 6122(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(held)m 466(in)s 704(memory)s 1551(\(pre)s 6(v)k 3(ented)k -2617(by)s 2907(the)s 3250(tar)s 4(get)k 3844(from)s -4364(\210ushing\),)s 5317(or)s 5572(else)s 5994(some)s 6551(forcing)s -7289(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 7918(prematurely)s 0 12965(deletes)m -714(the)s 1062(tar)s 4(get,)k 1708(lea)s 4(ving)k -2461(the)s 2809(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 3443(bereft.)s -480 12591(The)m 929(typical)s 1655(e)s 3(xample)k 2539(of)s -2832(the)s 3201(latter)s 3771(case)s 4260(occurs)s 4956(when)s -5553(the)s 5922(g)s 1(alle)k 3(y)k 6578(is)s -6809(an)s 7113(entry)s 7680(in)s 7944(the)s 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1896(on.)s 2305(Cross)s 2906(references)s 3941(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k -4657(lag)s 5007(one)s 5413(run)s 5794(behind)s 6509(the)s -6862(rest)s 7270(of)s 7546(the)s 7899(document;)s 8960(a)s -0 12965(perfect)m 711(cop)s 2(y)k 1217(may)s 1671(be)s -1942(produced)s 2879(by)s 3161(formatting)s 4210(the)s 4547(same)s -5082(v)s 3(ersion)k 5828(twice,)s 6440(e)s 3(xcept)k -7110(in)s 7341(a)s 7495(fe)s 6(w)k 7889(pathological)s -0 12677(cases)m 555(that)s 973(f)s 2(ail)k 1343(to)s -1582(con)s 9(v)k 3(er)k 4(ge.)k 480 12303(Cross)m -1123(referencing)s 2310(in)s 2600(Lout)s 3159(is)s 3416(implemented)s -4769(on)s 5113(top)s 5519(of)s 5837(a)s 6050(simple)s -6790(database)s 7716(system.)s 8591(Each)s 0 12015(database)m 879(is)s -1089(either)s 1692(writable)s 2530(or)s 2790(readable)s 3655(b)s 4(ut)k -4017(not)s 4383(both)s 4867(at)s 5099(once,)s 5658(and)s -6062(holds)s 6633(a)s 6799(set)s 7124(of)s 7395(k)s 2(e)k 3(y-v)k 6(alue)k +0 13253(on)m 301(the)s +654(third,)s 1217(and)s 1625(so)s 1896(on.)s 2305(Cross)s +2906(references)s 3941(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k 4657(lag)s +5007(one)s 5413(run)s 5794(behind)s 6509(the)s 6862(rest)s +7270(of)s 7546(the)s 7899(document;)s 8960(a)s 0 12965(perfect)m +711(cop)s 2(y)k 1217(may)s 1671(be)s 1942(produced)s +2879(by)s 3161(formatting)s 4210(the)s 4547(same)s 5082(v)s 3(ersion)k +5828(twice,)s 6440(e)s 3(xcept)k 7110(in)s 7341(a)s +7495(fe)s 6(w)k 7889(pathological)s 0 12677(cases)m 555(that)s +973(f)s 2(ail)k 1343(to)s 1582(con)s 9(v)k 3(er)k 4(ge.)k +480 12303(Cross)m 1123(referencing)s 2310(in)s 2600(Lout)s 3159(is)s +3416(implemented)s 4769(on)s 5113(top)s 5519(of)s 5837(a)s +6050(simple)s 6790(database)s 7716(system.)s 8591(Each)s 0 12015(database)m +879(is)s 1089(either)s 1692(writable)s 2530(or)s 2790(readable)s +3655(b)s 4(ut)k 4017(not)s 4383(both)s 4867(at)s +5099(once,)s 5658(and)s 6062(holds)s 6633(a)s 6799(set)s +7124(of)s 7395(k)s 2(e)k 3(y-v)k 6(alue)k 8384(entries:)s 0 11727(the)m 348(k)s 2(e)k 3(ys)k 833(are)s 1180(ASCII)s 1861(strings,)s 2605(and)s 3009(the)s 3358(v)s 6(alues)k 4014(are)s 4361(Lout)s 4873(objects,)s @@ -12147,6 +12475,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -12174,21 +12504,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5708 -1579(-)m 5836(38)s -6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5708 -1579(-)m 5836(38)s 6123(-)s 9066 13416 0 13307 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 0 LoutMargSet grestore -0 13253(more)m 547(is)s 757(required.)s 240 fnt2 -0 12460(7.)m 291(Conclusion)s +0 13253(more)m 547(is)s +757(required.)s 240 fnt2 0 12460(7.)m 291(Conclusion)s [ /Dest /LOUT18_677_s7_0_1 /DEST pdfmark -240 fnt1 480 12028(Since)m 1054(its)s -1316(public)s 1953(release)s 2657(in)s 2886(October)s 3702(1991,)s -4275(the)s 4609(Basser)s 5292(Lout)s 5790(interpreter)s 6829(has)s -7185(been)s 7680(ported)s 8335(without)s 0 11740(incident)m 819(to)s -1047(a)s 1202(wide)s 1712(v)s 6(ariety)k 2412(of)s -2672(Unix)s 3195(systems)s 3992(and)s 4385(hardw)s 2(are.)k +240 fnt1 +480 12028(Since)m 1054(its)s 1316(public)s 1953(release)s 2657(in)s +2886(October)s 3702(1991,)s 4275(the)s 4609(Basser)s 5292(Lout)s +5790(interpreter)s 6829(has)s 7185(been)s 7680(ported)s 8335(without)s +0 11740(incident)m 819(to)s 1047(a)s 1202(wide)s 1712(v)s 6(ariety)k +2412(of)s 2672(Unix)s 3195(systems)s 3992(and)s 4385(hardw)s 2(are.)k 5425(It)s 5619(w)s 2(as)k 6029(tested)s 6633(e)s 3(xtensi)k 6(v)k 3(ely)k 7753(before)s 8408(release)s 0 11452(on)m 293(its)s 565(o)s 6(wn)k 1025(documentation,)s 2549(and)s 2949(the)s 3293(fe)s 6(w)k @@ -12199,26 +12535,25 @@ grestore 3871(appear)s 4568(in)s 4811(mid-1992.)s 480 10790(Se)m 6(v)k 3(en)k 1105(substantial)s 2173(packages)s 3093(of)s 3355(de\207nitions)s 4407(are)s 4746(distrib)s 4(uted)k 5813(with)s 6286(Basser)s 6975(Lout.)s -7582(The)s 8001(Document)s 8998(-)s 0 10502(Layout)m 748(package,)s -1649(and)s 2063(its)s 2349(v)s 6(ariants)k 3160(ReportLayout)s -4560(and)s 4974(BookLayout,)s 6289(pro)s 3(vide)k 7083(the)s -7441(standard)s 8320(features)s 0 10214(that)m 411(all)s 696(documents)s -1776(require:)s 2610(pages,)s 3254(columns,)s 4165(paragraphs,)s 5313(headings,)s -6263(footnotes,)s 7252(\210oating)s 8028(\207gures)s 8722(and)s 0 9926(tables,)m -683(chapters)s 1550(and)s 1973(sections,)s 2870(displays)s 3724(and)s -4148(lists,)s 4658(access)s 5339(to)s 5597(bibliographic)s 6945(databases,)s -7987(cross)s 8549(refer)s 8998(-)s 0 9638(ences,)m 623(and)s -1012(so)s 1263(on)s 1545([11].)s 2092(The)s 2505(BookLayout)s -3748(package)s 4572(has)s 4927(e)s 3(xtra)k 5446(features)s -6237(needed)s 6958(by)s 7237(books,)s 7902(including)s 8843(an)s -0 9350(automatically)m 1355(generated)s 2343(table)s 2864(of)s 3136(contents,)s -4041(Roman)s 4791(page)s 5300(numbers)s 6176(for)s 6515(the)s -6864(pref)s 2(atory)k 7792(material,)s 8682(run)s 8998(-)s -0 9062(ning)m 468(page)s 965(headers,)s 1790(odd)s 2197(and)s -2589(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 3078(page)s 3574(layouts,)s -4361(and)s 4754(a)s 4908(sorted)s 5539(inde)s 3(x.)k -6220(The)s 6637(Eq)s 6949(package)s 7778(formats)s 8546(equa)s -8998(-)s 0 8774(tions,)m 572(and)s 976(P)s 3(as)k +7582(The)s 8001(Document-)s 0 10502(Layout)m 748(package,)s 1649(and)s +2063(its)s 2349(v)s 6(ariants)k 3160(ReportLayout)s 4560(and)s +4974(BookLayout,)s 6289(pro)s 3(vide)k 7083(the)s 7441(standard)s +8320(features)s 0 10214(that)m 411(all)s 696(documents)s 1776(require:)s +2610(pages,)s 3254(columns,)s 4165(paragraphs,)s 5313(headings,)s 6263(footnotes,)s +7252(\210oating)s 8028(\207gures)s 8722(and)s 0 9926(tables,)m 683(chapters)s +1550(and)s 1974(sections,)s 2871(displays)s 3726(and)s 4150(lists,)s +4660(access)s 5341(to)s 5600(bibliographic)s 6948(databases,)s 7991(cross)s +8553(refer)s 4(-)k 0 9638(ences,)m 623(and)s 1012(so)s +1263(on)s 1545([11].)s 2092(The)s 2505(BookLayout)s 3748(package)s +4572(has)s 4927(e)s 3(xtra)k 5446(features)s 6237(needed)s +6958(by)s 7237(books,)s 7902(including)s 8843(an)s 0 9350(automatically)m +1354(generated)s 2342(table)s 2863(of)s 3135(contents,)s 4040(Roman)s +4790(page)s 5298(numbers)s 6174(for)s 6513(the)s 6862(pref)s 2(atory)k +7790(material,)s 8679(run-)s 0 9062(ning)m 468(page)s 965(headers,)s +1790(odd)s 2197(and)s 2589(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k +3078(page)s 3574(layouts,)s 4361(and)s 4754(a)s 4908(sorted)s +5539(inde)s 3(x.)k 6220(The)s 6637(Eq)s 6949(package)s +7778(formats)s 8546(equa-)s 0 8774(tions,)m 572(and)s 976(P)s 3(as)k 1356(formats)s 2136(P)s 3(ascal)k 2798(programs)s 3752([10];)s 4262(T)s 19(ab)k 4668(formats)s 5448(tables)s 6056([12];)s 6566(and)s 6970(Fig)s 7342(dra)s 3(ws)k 7961(\207gures)s @@ -12271,12 +12606,12 @@ grestore 3382(ported)s 4062(the)s 4420(program,)s 5348(written)s 6092(small)s 6674(de\207nitions,)s 7802(and)s 8217(modi\207ed)s 0 4570(the)m 348(standard)s 1216(packages.)s 480 4196(Future)m 1160(w)s 2(ork)k 1711(could)s -2301(usefully)s 3125(be)s 3(gin)k 3711(with)s 4194(the)s -4542(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ements)k 5955(suggested)s 6957(in)s -7200(this)s 7596(paper:)s 8294(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlap)k -8998(-)s 0 3908(ping)m 489(spanning)s 1418(columns,)s 2346(better)s -2960(semantics)s 3964(for)s 4312(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k -5231(space,)s 5880(and)s 6294(especially)s 7314(horizontal)s 8349(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k +2300(usefully)s 3124(be)s 3(gin)k 3709(with)s 4191(the)s +4539(impro)s 3(v)k 3(ements)k 5951(suggested)s 6953(in)s +7195(this)s 7591(paper:)s 8287(o)s 3(v)k 3(erlap-)k +0 3908(ping)m 489(spanning)s 1418(columns,)s 2346(better)s 2960(semantics)s +3964(for)s 4312(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5231(space,)s +5880(and)s 6294(especially)s 7314(horizontal)s 8349(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys.)k 0 3620(Support)m 814(for)s 1147(non-)s 1575(European)s 2544(languages)s 3547(is)s 3752(also)s 4185(needed.)s 5022(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k 5977(the)s 6320(main)s 6850(task)s 7291(is)s 7496(the)s @@ -12288,14 +12623,14 @@ grestore 2243(user)s 4(-)k 2705(de\207ned)s 3463(symbols,)s 4364(is)s 4570(en)s 9(visaged;)k 5626(since)s 6168(cross)s 6706(references)s 7733(are)s 8076(easy)s 8550(when)s 0 2756(the)m 343(whole)s -979(document)s 1978(is)s 2182(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k -3136(the)s 3479(only)s 3954(major)s 4565(ne)s 6(w)k -5007(problem)s 5859(is)s 6064(the)s 6406(treatment)s 7362(of)s -7628(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 8402(includ)s 8998(-)s -0 2468(ing)m 359(the)s 707(e)s 3(xpansion)k 1732(and)s -2136(retraction)s 3107(of)s 3378(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k -4300(symbols.)s 240 fnt2 0 1719(Note.)m 240 fnt1 657 1720(Since)m -1253(the)s 1610(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2240(w)s 2(as)k +979(document)s 1977(is)s 2182(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable,)k +3135(the)s 3478(only)s 3953(major)s 4564(ne)s 6(w)k +5006(problem)s 5857(is)s 6062(the)s 6405(treatment)s 7360(of)s +7626(g)s 1(alle)k 3(ys,)k 8400(includ-)s 0 2468(ing)m +359(the)s 707(e)s 3(xpansion)k 1732(and)s 2136(retraction)s +3107(of)s 3378(recepti)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4300(symbols.)s +240 fnt2 0 1719(Note.)m 240 fnt1 657 1720(Since)m 1253(the)s +1610(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 2240(w)s 2(as)k 2670(written)s 3412(the)s 3768(author)s 4448(has)s 4827(completed)s 5889(a)s 6064(re)s 6(vised)k 6815(v)s 3(ersion)k 7581(of)s 7861(Basser)s 8567(Lout,)s 0 1432(in)m 243(which)s @@ -12322,6 +12657,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage @@ -12349,21 +12686,27 @@ gsave LoutPageSet grestore gsave +0 0 translate +1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 288 60 LoutGraphic +gsave +LoutBox gsave 1.0 1.0 1.0 LoutSetRGBColor fill grestore 0 cm setlinewidth stroke +grestore +gsave 0 16840 translate 0.0000 rotate -5706 -1579(-)m 5834(39)s -6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13414 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 +0.0 0.0 0.0 LoutSetRGBColor +5706 -1579(-)m 5834(39)s 6125(-)s 9066 13414 0 13414 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 1 LoutMargSet grestore -240 fnt2 0 12961(Refer)m 4(ences)k 240 fnt1 -0 12507(1.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1501(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k +240 fnt2 0 12961(Refer)m 4(ences)k +240 fnt1 0 12507(1.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1501(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2244(H..)s 2677(Document)s 3770(F)s 3(ormatting)k 4918(with)s 5436(Lout)s 5888(.)s 6088(T)s 16(ech.)k 6690(Rep.)s 7216(408)s 7659(\(1991\))s 8286(,)s 8429(Basser)s 480 12219(Department)m 1668(of)s 1939(Computer)s 2956(Science,)s 3806(The)s 4234(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5288(of)s 5559(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 6367(Australia)s 7242(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_1 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_1 /DEST pdfmark 0 11716(2.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1492(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2227(H..)s 2652(A)s 2910(ne)s 6(w)k 3385(approach)s 4347(to)s 4613(document)s 5645(formatting)s 6646(.)s 6838(T)s 16(ech.)k @@ -12371,7 +12714,7 @@ grestore 1177(Department)s 2365(of)s 2636(Computer)s 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_2 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_2 /DEST pdfmark 0 10925(3.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1491(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2224(H..)s 2647(The)s 3101(Basser)s 3824(Lout)s 4362(Document)s 5445(F)s 3(ormatter)k 6383(,)s 6516(1991)s 6971(.)s @@ -12387,7 +12730,7 @@ grestore 1388(for)s 1726(non-)s 240 fnt3 2154 10063(ftp)m 240 fnt1 2459 10061(sites.)m 3047(All)s 3407(enquiries)s 4334(to)s 4573(jef)s 6(f@cs.su.oz.au.)k -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_3 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_3 /DEST pdfmark 0 9558(4.)m 480(Furuta,)s 1211(Richard,)s 2075(Sco\207eld,)s 2965(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 15(,)k 3710(and)s 4113(Sha)s 3(w)k 15(,)k 4734(Alan.)s 5363(Document)s 6419(formatting)s 7480(systems:)s 8402(surv)s 3(e)k 3(y)k 15(,)k @@ -12395,14 +12738,14 @@ grestore 2554 9272(Computing)m 3673(Surve)s 7(ys)k 240 fnt2 4465 9269(14)m 240 fnt1 4699 9270(,)m 4806(417\211472)s 5700(\(1982\))s 6327(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_4 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_4 /DEST pdfmark 0 8765(5.)m 480(K)s 6(ernighan,)k 1645(Brian)s 2287(W)s 22(.)k 2649(and)s 3107(Cherry)s 15(,)k 3917(Lorinda)s 4789(L..)s 5213(A)s 5497(system)s 6275(for)s 6667(typesetting)s 7824(mathematics)s 9022(.)s 240 fnt3 480 8479(Communications)m 2158(of)s 2439(the)s 2784(A)s 7(CM)k 240 fnt2 3351 8476(18)m 240 fnt1 3585 8477(,)m 3692(182\211193)s 4576(\(1975\))s 5203(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_5 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_5 /DEST pdfmark 0 7977(6.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1488(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2218(H..)s 2638(Fig)s 3033(\211)s 3236(a)s 3425(Lout)s 3961(package)s @@ -12412,30 +12755,30 @@ grestore 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_6 /DEST pdfmark -0 7184(7.)m 480(Reid,)s 1042(Brian)s 1633(K..)s -2033(A)s 2266(High-)s 2813(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k -3406(Approach)s 4410(to)s 4652(Computer)s 5672(Document)s 6732(Production)s -7779(.)s 7946(In)s 240 fnt3 8206 7186(Pr)m 10(oceed)k -8999(-)s 480 6898(ings)m 935(of)s 1217(the)s 1564(7th)s -1926(Symposium)s 3075(on)s 3370(the)s 3717(Principles)s 4755(of)s -5038(Pr)s 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(amming)k 6422(Langua)s 2(g)k 2(es)k -7527(\(POPL\),)s 8377(Las)s 8780(V)s 26(e)k 8999(-)s -480 6610(gas)m 868(NV)s 240 fnt1 1192 6608(,)m 1299(pages)s -1895(24\21131)s 2470(,)s 2577(1980)s 3052(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_7 /DEST pdfmark -0 6103(8.)m -480(Joseph)s 1207(F)s 19(.)k 1443(Ossanna.)s 2436(Nrof)s 6(f/T)k 8(rof)k 6(f)k +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_6 /DEST pdfmark +0 7184(7.)m 480(Reid,)s 1042(Brian)s 1634(K..)s +2034(A)s 2268(High-)s 2815(Le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k +3409(Approach)s 4413(to)s 4656(Computer)s 5677(Document)s 6737(Production)s +7784(.)s 7952(In)s 240 fnt3 8212 7186(Pr)m 10(oceed-)k +480 6898(ings)m 934(of)s 1216(the)s 1562(7th)s 1924(Symposium)s +3072(on)s 3367(the)s 3713(Principles)s 4751(of)s 5033(Pr)s 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(amming)k +6417(Langua)s 2(g)k 2(es)k 7521(\(POPL\),)s 8371(Las)s +8773(V)s 26(e-)k 480 6610(gas)m 868(NV)s 240 fnt1 +1192 6608(,)m 1299(pages)s 1895(24\21131)s 2470(,)s 2577(1980)s +3052(.)s +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_7 /DEST pdfmark +0 6103(8.)m 480(Joseph)s 1207(F)s 19(.)k +1443(Ossanna.)s 2436(Nrof)s 6(f/T)k 8(rof)k 6(f)k 3605(User')s 13(s)k 4284(Manual)s 5010(.)s 5193(T)s 16(ech.)k 5777(Rep.)s 6285(54)s 6597(\(1976\))s 7224(,)s 7349(Bell)s 7821(Laboratories)s 9019(,)s 480 5815(Murray)m 1251(Hill,)s 1729(NJ)s 2051(07974)s 2645(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_8 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_8 /DEST pdfmark 0 5310(9.)m 480(Knuth,)s 1186(Donald)s 1949(E..)s 240 fnt3 2319 5312(The)m 2731(T)s 2882 5264(E)m 3033 5312(XBook)m 240 fnt1 3675 5310(.)m 3839(Addison-W)s 19(esle)k 3(y)k 5419(,)s 5526(1984)s 6000(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_9 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_9 /DEST pdfmark 0 4807(10.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1485(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2212(H..)s 2629(Eq)s 2973(\211)s 3173(a)s 3359(Lout)s 3892(package)s 4752(for)s @@ -12446,16 +12789,16 @@ grestore 8147(Australia)s 9022(.)s 480 4231(\(Contains)m 1461(an)s 1744(appendix)s 2677(describing)s 3726(the)s 4074(P)s 3(as)k 4454(P)s 3(ascal)k 5116(formatter)s 13(.\))k -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_10 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_10 /DEST pdfmark 0 3728(11.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1478(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2198(H..)s 2608(A)s 2851(be)s 3(ginners')k 3903(guide)s 4504(to)s 4756(Lout)s 5208(.)s 5385(T)s 16(ech.)k 5964(Rep.)s 6467(409)s 6891(\(1991\))s 7518(,)s 7638(Basser)s -8348(Depart)s 8998(-)s 480 3440(ment)m 1018(of)s 1289(Computer)s -2306(Science,)s 3156(The)s 3584(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k -4638(of)s 4909(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 5717(Australia)s -6592(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_11 /DEST pdfmark +8348(Depart-)s 480 3440(ment)m 1018(of)s 1289(Computer)s 2306(Science,)s +3156(The)s 3584(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 4638(of)s +4909(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 5717(Australia)s 6592(.)s + +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_11 /DEST pdfmark 0 2937(12.)m 480(Kingston,)s 1475(Jef)s 6(fre)k 3(y)k 2193(H..)s 2600(T)s 19(ab)k 3017(\211)s 3207(a)s 3384(Lout)s 3907(package)s 4757(for)s 5106(formatting)s 6177(tables)s @@ -12464,13 +12807,13 @@ grestore 2636(Computer)s 3653(Science,)s 4503(The)s 4931(Uni)s 6(v)k 3(ersity)k 5985(of)s 6256(Sydne)s 3(y)k 15(,)k 7064(Australia)s 7939(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_12 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_12 /DEST pdfmark 0 2146(13.)m 480(Brooks,)s 1279(K)s 6(enneth)k 2141(P)s 26(..)k 2472(Lilac:)s 3068(a)s 3234(tw)s 2(o-vie)k 6(w)k 4183(document)s 5187(editor)s 5744(.)s 240 fnt3 5908 2148(IEEE)m 6490(Computer)s 240 fnt1 7453 2146(,)m 7560(7\21119)s 8091(\(1991\))s 8718(.)s -[ /Dest /LOUT12_1692_s7_0_13 /DEST pdfmark +[ /Dest /LOUT12_1731_s7_0_13 /DEST pdfmark grestore 0 0 0 0 240 288 60 1417 -15423 LoutGr2 @@ -12483,6 +12826,8 @@ grestore grestore +grestore + pgsave restore showpage |