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<h1 class="firstHeading">YAMLish</h1>
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<h3 id="siteSub">From Test Anything Protocol</h3>
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<p>YAMLish is a small subset of YAML that TAP producers may use to embed machine readable information in TAP diagnostics. See <a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php/TAP_diagnostic_syntax" title="TAP diagnostic syntax">TAP diagnostic syntax</a> for information about how YAMLish embeds in TAP.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Objectives"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Objectives</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Syntax</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Root_Namespace"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Root Namespace</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Implementations"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Implementations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Perl"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Perl</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#PHP"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">PHP</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Q.26A"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Q&A</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Why_YAML.3F"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Why YAML?</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Why_not_JSON.3F"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Why not JSON?</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Why_the_---_and_..._markers.3F"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Why the --- and ... markers?</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<a name="Objectives"></a><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Objectives">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Objectives </span></h2>
<p>The main objectives for YAMLish are
</p>
<ul><li> small - the Perl reader is around 124 lines, 258 lines for the parser
</li><li> portable - it should be reasonably easy to implement YAMLish in any language
</li><li> able to encode arbitrary data structures
</li><li> verifiable - it should be relatively to easy to test that a YAMLish implementation conforms
</li><li> JSON compatible - YAMLish should be a super-set of JSON to
allow TAP producers to make use of JSON libraries (objective not met)
</li></ul>
<a name="Syntax"></a><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Syntax">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Syntax </span></h2>
<p>To avoid the burden of distributing a complete YAML parser with a TAP
producer or consumer YAMLish confines itself to a subset of YAML
syntax.
</p><p>These examples demonstrates the supported syntax.
</p><p>All YAMLish documents must begin with '---' and end with a line containing '...'.
</p>
<pre> --- Simple scalar
...
</pre>
<p>Unprintable characters are represented using standard escapes in double quoted strings.
</p>
<pre> --- "\t\x01\x02\n"
...
</pre>
<p>Array and hashes are represented thusly
</p>
<pre> ---
- "This"
- "is"
- "an"
- "array"
...
</pre>
<pre> ---
This: is
a: hash
...
</pre>
<p>Hash keys may be double quoted strings and may contain unprintable characters
</p>
<pre> ---
"\t\x00": "My key is <tab><nul>"
"Now is the time": "t'was ever thus"
...
</pre>
<p>Structures may nest arbitrarily
</p>
<pre> ---
-
name: 'Hash one'
value: 1
-
name: 'Hash two'
value: 2
...
</pre>
<p>Undef is a tilde
</p>
<pre> --- ~
...
</pre>
<a name="Root_Namespace"></a><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Root Namespace">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Root Namespace </span></h2>
<p>When used with TAP the root element of an embedded YAMLish diagnostic is a hash containing keys from this set:
</p>
<dl><dt> message
</dt><dd> A textual message giving more detail about the failure (or success)
</dd><dt> severity
</dt><dd> The severity of the problem.
</dd><dt> source
</dt><dd> A uri describing the source of the TAP. This can be a file URL. See "file" for a special case.
</dd><dt> datetime
</dt><dd> the time the test was executed, helping test runners do
interesting things like run tests in order of most-recently-failed.
ISO8601 or HTTP date format.
</dd><dt> file
</dt><dd> A filename representing the TAP source, really a special case
of "source". Not possible for all TAP sources, but I really don't want
everyone to have to use file URIs.
</dd><dt> line
</dt><dd> The line number of the TAP source from which this test was produced. Not possible for all TAP sources.
</dd><dt> name
</dt><dd> Name of this test, if any.
</dd><dt> extensions
</dt><dd> A place to put any non-standard keys without worrying out conflicting with future ones
</dd><dt> actual
</dt><dd> For comparison tests, what you got.
</dd><dt> expected
</dt><dd> For comparison tests, what you expected.
</dd><dt> display
</dt><dd> Suggested text to display representing this failure
</dd><dt> dump
</dt><dd> A hash of variables to be pretty-printed by the harness
</dd><dt> error
</dt><dd> An error or exception object
</dd><dt> backtrace
</dt><dd> A stack backtrace in the case of an error or exception
</dd></dl>
<p>(please feel free to add to this list - it's provisional at the moment)
</p>
<a name="Implementations"></a><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Implementations">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Implementations </span></h2>
<p>Because YAMLish is a subset of YAML there are already a number of
parsers in a number of languages that accept it. It's also quite likely
that existing YAML producers can be coerced into producing YAMLish
compliant YAML. Please be careful though to ensure that your YAMLish
producer does in fact conform to the subset defined here. Just because
your YAML happens to work with a particular test harness doesn't mean
that it's valid YAMLish.
</p><p>YAMLish is based on the subset of YAML supported by Adam Kennedy's <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/YAML-Tiny" class="external text" title="http://search.cpan.org/dist/YAML-Tiny" rel="nofollow">YAML::Tiny</a>
Perl module. YAML::Tiny doesn't support quoted hash keys - which we
need so that we can safely round-trip arbitrary data structures - so
YAMLish extends Adam's de-facto subset to include these.
</p><p>If your concern is only to produce well formed TAP (rather than
parsing it) then you should find that it's possible to implement a
YAMLish writer in a couple of hundred lines of code.
</p>
<a name="Perl"></a><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Perl">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Perl </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php/TAP::Parser" title="TAP::Parser">TAP::Parser</a>
implements YAMLish support. You'll need the version from the subversion
repository though; YAMLish support hasn't yet made it to CPAN.
</li><li> <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Data-YAML" class="external text" title="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Data-YAML" rel="nofollow">Data::YAML</a> is essentially the YAMLish engine from TAP::Parser packaged as a standalone module
</li></ul>
<a name="PHP"></a><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: PHP">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> PHP </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="http://testanything.org/ftp/yamlishwriter-php-v0.0.1.tar.gz" class="external text" title="http://testanything.org/ftp/yamlishwriter-php-v0.0.1.tar.gz" rel="nofollow">YAMLishWriter</a> is a simple PHP implementation of a YAMLish encoder
</li></ul>
<p>If you have a YAMLish implementation please list it here.
</p>
<a name="Q.26A"></a><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Q&A">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Q&A </span></h2>
<a name="Why_YAML.3F"></a><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Why YAML?">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Why YAML? </span></h3>
<p>TAP diagnostics require a way to represent data structions in any
language in a human and machine readable form. It would be nice if we
didn't have to write our own format. YAML, like TAP, is designed to be
both human and machine readable as well as language independent. YAML <a href="http://portablegeneratorsforsale.net/" class="external text" title="http://portablegeneratorsforsale.net/" rel="nofollow">portable generators</a> and parsers already exist in many languages. <a href="http://portablesgenerators.com/" class="external text" title="http://portablesgenerators.com/" rel="nofollow">portable generators</a> YAML has already solved the hard problems facing a data serialization format (like character sets).
</p>
<a name="Why_not_JSON.3F"></a><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Why not JSON?">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Why not JSON? </span></h3>
<p>JSON was considered, and it has some of the characteristics of YAML, but it was ultimately rejected for several reasons.
</p><p>JSON is, effectively, a subset of YAML. If your producer emits JSON then a YAML parser will read it. The inverse is not true.
</p><p>JSON is more verbose, less human readable, requiring more quoting. For example:
</p>
<pre> # YAML
---
got: this
expected: that
...
# JSON
{
"got": "this"
"expected": "that"
}
</pre>
<p>JSON lacks a WYSIWYG multi-line scalar value format. YAML has
several. | allows the exact text to be presented, newlines and all.
> "soft wraps" text to prevent long lines from spilling across the
screen.
</p>
<pre> # YAML
---
got: >
When in the course of human events,
blah blah blah
expected: >
When, in the course of human events,
it becomes necessary for one people to
dissolve the political bonds which have
connected them with another...
...
</pre>
<pre> # JSON
{
"got": "When in the course of human events, blah blah blah"
"expected": "When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another..."
}
</pre>
<a name="Why_the_---_and_..._markers.3F"></a><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://testanything.org/wiki/index.php?title=YAMLish&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Why the --- and ... markers?">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"> Why the --- and ... markers? </span></h3>
<p>With the diagnostics indented to indicate they're diagnostics, why
the --- and ... markers? TAP producers tend to spit a lot of junk to
STDOUT, either explicitly as poorly written comments or accidentally
because the thing they're testing prints to STDOUT. We don't want just
any old indented text to be parsed, so we put the --- and ... markers
around it. The --- is there to indicate the start of a block. The ...
is there to indicate it has ended so the parser does not have to wait
for the next test line (which could take a while) to know there's no
more diagnostics for the previous test forthcoming.
</p>
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