rebase master

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diff --git a/utils/merkletrie/difftree.go b/utils/merkletrie/difftree.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a626cd
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+++ b/utils/merkletrie/difftree.go
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+package merkletrie
+
+// The focus of this difftree implementation is to save time by
+// skipping whole directories if their hash is the same in both
+// trees.
+//
+// The diff algorithm implemented here is based on the doubleiter
+// type defined in this same package; we will iterate over both
+// trees at the same time, while comparing the current noders in
+// each iterator.  Depending on how they differ we will output the
+// corresponding chages and move the iterators further over both
+// trees.
+//
+// The table bellow show all the possible comparison results, along
+// with what changes should we produce and how to advance the
+// iterators.
+//
+// The table is implemented by the switches in this function,
+// diffTwoNodes, diffTwoNodesSameName and diffTwoDirs.
+//
+// Many Bothans died to bring us this information, make sure you
+// understand the table before modifying this code.
+
+// # Cases
+//
+// When comparing noders in both trees you will found yourself in
+// one of 169 possible cases, but if we ignore moves, we can
+// simplify a lot the search space into the following table:
+//
+// - "-": nothing, no file or directory
+// - a<>: an empty file named "a".
+// - a<1>: a file named "a", with "1" as its contents.
+// - a<2>: a file named "a", with "2" as its contents.
+// - a(): an empty dir named "a".
+// - a(...): a dir named "a", with some files and/or dirs inside (possibly
+//   empty).
+// - a(;;;): a dir named "a", with some other files and/or dirs inside
+//   (possibly empty), which different from the ones in "a(...)".
+//
+//     \ to     -   a<>  a<1>  a<2>  a()  a(...)  a(;;;)
+// from \
+// -           00    01    02    03   04     05      06
+// a<>         10    11    12    13   14     15      16
+// a<1>        20    21    22    23   24     25      26
+// a<2>        30    31    32    33   34     35      36
+// a()         40    41    42    43   44     45      46
+// a(...)      50    51    52    53   54     55      56
+// a(;;;)      60    61    62    63   64     65      66
+//
+// Every (from, to) combination in the table is a special case, but
+// some of them can be merged into some more general cases, for
+// instance 11 and 22 can be merged into the general case: both
+// noders are equal.
+//
+// Here is a full list of all the cases that are similar and how to
+// merge them together into more general cases.  Each general case
+// is labeled wiht an uppercase letter for further reference, and it
+// is followed by the pseudocode of the checks you have to perfrom
+// on both noders to see if you are in such a case, the actions to
+// perform (i.e. what changes to output) and how to advance the
+// iterators of each tree to continue the comparison process.
+//
+// ## A. Impossible: 00
+//
+// ## B. Same thing on both sides: 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66
+//   - check: `SameName() && SameHash()`
+//   - action: do nothing.
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### C. To was created: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06
+//   - check: `DifferentName() && ToBeforeFrom()`
+//   - action: inserRecursively(to)
+//   - advance: `ToNext()`
+//
+// ### D. From was deleted: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
+//   - check: `DifferentName() && FromBeforeTo()`
+//   - action: `DeleteRecursively(from)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext()`
+//
+// ### E. Empty file to file with contents: 12, 13
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsFile() &&
+//             ToIsFile() && FromIsEmpty()`
+//   - action: `modifyFile(from, to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext()` or `FromStep()`
+//
+// ### E'. file with contents to empty file: 21, 31
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsFile() &&
+//             ToIsFile() && ToIsEmpty()`
+//   - action: `modifyFile(from, to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext()` or `FromStep()`
+//
+// ### F. empty file to empty dir with the same name: 14
+//   - check: `SameName() && FromIsFile() && FromIsEmpty() &&
+//             ToIsDir() && ToIsEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteFile(from); InsertEmptyDir(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### F'. empty dir to empty file of the same name: 41
+//   - check: `SameName() && FromIsDir() && FromIsEmpty &&
+//             ToIsFile() && ToIsEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteEmptyDir(from); InsertFile(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()` or step for any of them.
+//
+// ### G. empty file to non-empty dir of the same name: 15, 16
+//   - check: `SameName() && FromIsFile() && ToIsDir() &&
+//             FromIsEmpty() && ToIsNotEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteFile(from); InsertDirRecursively(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### G'. non-empty dir to empty file of the same name: 51, 61
+//   - check: `SameName() && FromIsDir() && FromIsNotEmpty() &&
+//             ToIsFile() && FromIsEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteDirRecursively(from); InsertFile(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### H. modify file contents: 23, 32
+//   - check: `SameName() && FromIsFile() && ToIsFile() &&
+//             FromIsNotEmpty() && ToIsNotEmpty()`
+//   - action: `ModifyFile(from, to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### I. file with contents to empty dir: 24, 34
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsFile() &&
+//             FromIsNotEmpty() && ToIsDir() && ToIsEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteFile(from); InsertEmptyDir(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### I'. empty dir to file with contents: 42, 43
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsDir() &&
+//             FromIsEmpty() && ToIsFile() && ToIsEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteDir(from); InsertFile(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### J. file with contents to dir with contetns: 25, 26, 35, 36
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsFile() &&
+//             FromIsNotEmpty() && ToIsDir() && ToIsNotEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteFile(from); InsertDirRecursively(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### J'. dir with contetns to file with contents: 52, 62, 53, 63
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsDir() &&
+//             FromIsNotEmpty() && ToIsFile() && ToIsNotEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteDirRecursively(from); InsertFile(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### K. empty dir to dir with contents: 45, 46
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsDir() &&
+//             FromIsEmpty() && ToIsDir() && ToIsNotEmpty()`
+//   - action: `InsertChildrenRecursively(to)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### K'. dir with contents to empty dir: 54, 64
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsDir() &&
+//             FromIsEmpty() && ToIsDir() && ToIsNotEmpty()`
+//   - action: `DeleteChildrenRecursively(from)`
+//   - advance: `FromNext(); ToNext()`
+//
+// ### L. dir with contents to dir with different contents: 56, 65
+//   - check: `SameName() && DifferentHash() && FromIsDir() &&
+//             FromIsNotEmpty() && ToIsDir() && ToIsNotEmpty()`
+//   - action: nothing
+//   - advance: `FromStep(); ToStep()`
+//
+//
+
+// All these cases can be further simplified by a truth table
+// reduction process, in which we gather similar checks together to
+// make the final code easier to read and understand.
+//
+// The first 6 columns are the outputs of the checks to perform on
+// both noders.  I have labeled them 1 to 6, this is what they mean:
+//
+// 1: SameName()
+// 2: SameHash()
+// 3: FromIsDir()
+// 4: ToIsDir()
+// 5: FromIsEmpty()
+// 6: ToIsEmpty()
+//
+// The from and to columns are a fsnoder example of the elements
+// that you will find on each tree under the specified comparison
+// results (columns 1 to 6).
+//
+// The type column identifies the case we are into, from the list above.
+//
+// The type' column identifies the new set of reduced cases, using
+// lowercase letters, and they are explained after the table.
+//
+// The last column is the set of actions and advances for each case.
+//
+// "---" means impossible except in case of hash collision.
+//
+// advance meaning:
+// - NN: from.Next(); to.Next()
+// - SS: from.Step(); to.Step()
+//
+// 1 2 3 4 5 6 | from   |  to    |type|type'|action ; advance
+// ------------+--------+--------+----+------------------------------------
+// 0 0 0 0 0 0 |        |        |    |     | if !SameName() {
+//     .       |        |        |    |     |    if FromBeforeTo() {
+//     .       |        |        | D  |  d  |       delete(from); from.Next()
+//     .       |        |        |    |     |    } else {
+//     .       |        |        | C  |  c  |       insert(to); to.Next()
+//     .       |        |        |    |     |    }
+// 0 1 1 1 1 1 |        |        |    |     | }
+// 1 0 0 0 0 0 |  a<1>  |  a<2>  | H  |  e  | modify(from, to); NN
+// 1 0 0 0 0 1 |  a<1>  |   a<>  | E' |  e  | modify(from, to); NN
+// 1 0 0 0 1 0 |   a<>  |  a<1>  | E  |  e  | modify(from, to); NN
+// 1 0 0 0 1 1 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  e  |
+// 1 0 0 1 0 0 |  a<1>  | a(...) | J  |  f  | delete(from); insert(to); NN
+// 1 0 0 1 0 1 |  a<1>  |    a() | I  |  f  | delete(from); insert(to); NN
+// 1 0 0 1 1 0 |   a<>  | a(...) | G  |  f  | delete(from); insert(to); NN
+// 1 0 0 1 1 1 |   a<>  |    a() | F  |  f  | delete(from); insert(to); NN
+// 1 0 1 0 0 0 | a(...) |  a<1>  | J' |  f  | delete(from); insert(to); NN
+// 1 0 1 0 0 1 | a(...) |   a<>  | G' |  f  | delete(from); insert(to); NN
+// 1 0 1 0 1 0 |    a() |  a<1>  | I' |  f  | delete(from); insert(to); NN
+// 1 0 1 0 1 1 |    a() |   a<>  | F' |  f  | delete(from); insert(to); NN
+// 1 0 1 1 0 0 | a(...) | a(;;;) | L  |  g  | nothing; SS
+// 1 0 1 1 0 1 | a(...) |    a() | K' |  h  | deleteChidren(from); NN
+// 1 0 1 1 1 0 |    a() | a(...) | K  |  i  | insertChildren(to); NN
+// 1 0 1 1 1 1 |  ----  |  ----  |    |     |
+// 1 1 0 0 0 0 |  a<1>  |  a<1>  | B  |  b  | nothing; NN
+// 1 1 0 0 0 1 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 0 0 1 0 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 0 0 1 1 |   a<>  |   a<>  | B  |  b  | nothing; NN
+// 1 1 0 1 0 0 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 0 1 0 1 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 0 1 1 0 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 0 1 1 1 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 1 0 0 0 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 1 0 0 1 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 1 0 1 0 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 1 0 1 1 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 1 1 0 0 | a(...) | a(...) | B  |  b  | nothing; NN
+// 1 1 1 1 0 1 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 1 1 1 0 |  ----  |  ----  |    |  b  |
+// 1 1 1 1 1 1 |   a()  |   a()  | B  |  b  | nothing; NN
+//
+// c and d:
+//     if !SameName()
+//         d if FromBeforeTo()
+//         c else
+// b: SameName) && sameHash()
+// e: SameName() && !sameHash() && BothAreFiles()
+// f: SameName() && !sameHash() && FileAndDir()
+// g: SameName() && !sameHash() && BothAreDirs() && NoneIsEmpty
+// i: SameName() && !sameHash() && BothAreDirs() && FromIsEmpty
+// h: else of i
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"srcd.works/go-git.v4/utils/merkletrie/noder"
+)
+
+// DiffTree calculates the list of changes between two merkletries.  It
+// uses the provided hashEqual callback to compare noders.
+func DiffTree(fromTree, toTree noder.Noder,
+	hashEqual noder.Equal) (Changes, error) {
+	ret := NewChanges()
+
+	ii, err := newDoubleIter(fromTree, toTree, hashEqual)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for {
+		from := ii.from.current
+		to := ii.to.current
+
+		switch r := ii.remaining(); r {
+		case noMoreNoders:
+			return ret, nil
+		case onlyFromRemains:
+			if err = ret.AddRecursiveDelete(from); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if err = ii.nextFrom(); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		case onlyToRemains:
+			if err = ret.AddRecursiveInsert(to); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if err = ii.nextTo(); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		case bothHaveNodes:
+			if err = diffNodes(&ret, ii); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		default:
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown remaining value: %d", r))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func diffNodes(changes *Changes, ii *doubleIter) error {
+	from := ii.from.current
+	to := ii.to.current
+	var err error
+
+	// compare their full paths as strings
+	switch strings.Compare(from.String(), to.String()) {
+	case -1:
+		if err = changes.AddRecursiveDelete(from); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err = ii.nextFrom(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case 1:
+		if err = changes.AddRecursiveInsert(to); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err = ii.nextTo(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	default:
+		if err := diffNodesSameName(changes, ii); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func diffNodesSameName(changes *Changes, ii *doubleIter) error {
+	from := ii.from.current
+	to := ii.to.current
+
+	status, err := ii.compare()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case status.sameHash:
+		// do nothing
+		if err = ii.nextBoth(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case status.bothAreFiles:
+		changes.Add(NewModify(from, to))
+		if err = ii.nextBoth(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case status.fileAndDir:
+		if err = changes.AddRecursiveDelete(from); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err = changes.AddRecursiveInsert(to); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err = ii.nextBoth(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case status.bothAreDirs:
+		if err = diffDirs(changes, ii); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("bad status from double iterator")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func diffDirs(changes *Changes, ii *doubleIter) error {
+	from := ii.from.current
+	to := ii.to.current
+
+	status, err := ii.compare()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case status.fromIsEmptyDir:
+		if err = changes.AddRecursiveInsert(to); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err = ii.nextBoth(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case status.toIsEmptyDir:
+		if err = changes.AddRecursiveDelete(from); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err = ii.nextBoth(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case !status.fromIsEmptyDir && !status.toIsEmptyDir:
+		// do nothing
+		if err = ii.stepBoth(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("both dirs are empty but has different hash")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}